{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Personal+narratives%E2%80%94Confederate\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Personal+narratives%E2%80%94Confederate\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Personal+narratives%E2%80%94Confederate\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":14,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Civil War diary","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDiary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"text":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers","Civil War diary","Confederate States of America. Army—Alabama Infantry Regiment, 5th","Peninsular Campaign (1862)","Fair Oaks (Henrico County, Va.), Battle of, 1862","Soldiers -- Alabama -- Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","English","box 1","Folder 3","Diary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment."],"title_filing_ssi":"Civil War diary","title_ssm":["Civil War diary"],"title_tesim":["Civil War diary"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862 April-June"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Civil War diary"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1862],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Alabama Infantry Regiment, 5th","Peninsular Campaign (1862)","Fair Oaks (Henrico County, Va.), Battle of, 1862","Soldiers -- Alabama -- Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Alabama Infantry Regiment, 5th","Peninsular Campaign (1862)","Fair Oaks (Henrico County, Va.), Battle of, 1862","Soldiers -- Alabama -- Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate"],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","Folder 3"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDiary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Diary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_438.xml","title_ssm":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0358","/repositories/3/resources/438"],"text":["MS.0358","/repositories/3/resources/438","Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers","Fort Delaware (Del.)","Morris Island (S.C.)","Marengo County (Ala.) -- History","Johnson Island Prison","Confederate States of America. Army—Alabama Infantry Regiment, 5th","Confederate States of America. Army—Cavalry","Wheeler's Cavalry Corps (C.S.A.)","Peninsular Campaign (1862)","Fair Oaks (Henrico County, Va.), Battle of, 1862","Soldiers -- Alabama -- Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Point Lookout Prison Camp (Md.)","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Prisoners of war","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","Major portions of this collection  are available online.","Richard Henry Adams, Jr. was born in 1841 at \"Altwood,\" Marengo County, Alabama. During the Civil War he served as officer with the 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment and in the Engineer Corps on General Wheeler's staff. He was captured near Nashville, Tennessee and was a prisoner of war from September 1863 to June 1865 (one of \"immortal 600\"). After the War, Adams was an engineer. He died in 1896 in Radford, Virginia.","This collection consists of the Civil War papers (approximately 80 items) of Captain Richard H. Adams, Jr, including:\n A manuscript diary kept while serving with the 5th Alabama Regiment in Virginia (April-June 1862), with an accompanying typewritten transcription Transcriptions of two additional diary volumes (September 1862-March 1863; and prison diary, 1864-1865) Forty seven letters (November 1863-September 1866) to Lottie Putnam Adams, most written before their marriage while Adams was a prisoner of war Twenty three letters from Lottie to Richard (March 1864-January 1865) A typescript titled \"Account of Wheeler's Raids,\" which was written after the Civil War \"Friendship book\" (March 1865) that contains inscriptions by fellow prisoners Two photographs of Adams Documents and clippings \nThe letters reflect ongoing courtship and generally concern personal and family matters with some references to war and prison life. Diaries contain information about camp life, battles, and prison life.","Diary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment.","This leather bound notebook contains inscriptions and letters of esteem written from the United States Military Prison at Hilton Head, South Carolina, by fellow prisoners near the end of the Civil War.","The oath of allegiance sworn by Richard H. Adams, Jr. at Fort Delaware.","The original papers were accompanied by these transcriptions, created by an unknown person. They have not been reviewed or checked for accuracy by the VMI Archives staff. They include transcriptions of additional diaries for which we do not own the original manuscript, including the \"Prison Diary.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Adams, Richard H., Jr. (Richard Henry), 1841-1896","Adams, Lottie P. (Lottie Putnam)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0358","/repositories/3/resources/438"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Delaware (Del.)","Morris Island (S.C.)","Marengo County (Ala.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)","Morris Island (S.C.)","Marengo County (Ala.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Adams, Richard H., Jr. (Richard Henry), 1841-1896","Adams, Lottie P. 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Army—Alabama Infantry Regiment, 5th","Confederate States of America. Army—Cavalry","Wheeler's Cavalry Corps (C.S.A.)","Peninsular Campaign (1862)","Fair Oaks (Henrico County, Va.), Battle of, 1862","Soldiers -- Alabama -- Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Point Lookout Prison Camp (Md.)","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Prisoners of war","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Johnson Island Prison","Confederate States of America. Army—Alabama Infantry Regiment, 5th","Confederate States of America. Army—Cavalry","Wheeler's Cavalry Corps (C.S.A.)","Peninsular Campaign (1862)","Fair Oaks (Henrico County, Va.), Battle of, 1862","Soldiers -- Alabama -- Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Point Lookout Prison Camp (Md.)","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Prisoners of war","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25  cubic feet approximately 80 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25  cubic feet approximately 80 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMajor portions of this collection \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/searchterm/0358/\"\u003eare available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Major portions of this collection  are available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Henry Adams, Jr. was born in 1841 at \"Altwood,\" Marengo County, Alabama. During the Civil War he served as officer with the 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment and in the Engineer Corps on General Wheeler's staff. He was captured near Nashville, Tennessee and was a prisoner of war from September 1863 to June 1865 (one of \"immortal 600\"). After the War, Adams was an engineer. He died in 1896 in Radford, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Henry Adams, Jr. was born in 1841 at \"Altwood,\" Marengo County, Alabama. During the Civil War he served as officer with the 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment and in the Engineer Corps on General Wheeler's staff. He was captured near Nashville, Tennessee and was a prisoner of war from September 1863 to June 1865 (one of \"immortal 600\"). After the War, Adams was an engineer. He died in 1896 in Radford, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard H. Adams, Jr. papers, 1862-1866. MS 0358. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard H. Adams, Jr. papers, 1862-1866. MS 0358. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the Civil War papers (approximately 80 items) of Captain Richard H. Adams, Jr, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA manuscript diary kept while serving with the 5th Alabama Regiment in Virginia (April-June 1862), with an accompanying typewritten transcription\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTranscriptions of two additional diary volumes (September 1862-March 1863; and prison diary, 1864-1865)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForty seven letters (November 1863-September 1866) to Lottie Putnam Adams, most written before their marriage while Adams was a prisoner of war\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwenty three letters from Lottie to Richard (March 1864-January 1865)\u003c/li\u003e \n\u003cli\u003eA typescript titled \"Account of Wheeler's Raids,\" which was written after the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"Friendship book\" (March 1865) that contains inscriptions by fellow prisoners\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo photographs of Adams\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDocuments and clippings\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe letters reflect ongoing courtship and generally concern personal and family matters with some references to war and prison life. Diaries contain information about camp life, battles, and prison life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis leather bound notebook contains inscriptions and letters of esteem written from the United States Military Prison at Hilton Head, South Carolina, by fellow prisoners near the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oath of allegiance sworn by Richard H. Adams, Jr. at Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original papers were accompanied by these transcriptions, created by an unknown person. They have not been reviewed or checked for accuracy by the VMI Archives staff. They include transcriptions of additional diaries for which we do not own the original manuscript, including the \"Prison Diary.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the Civil War papers (approximately 80 items) of Captain Richard H. Adams, Jr, including:\n A manuscript diary kept while serving with the 5th Alabama Regiment in Virginia (April-June 1862), with an accompanying typewritten transcription Transcriptions of two additional diary volumes (September 1862-March 1863; and prison diary, 1864-1865) Forty seven letters (November 1863-September 1866) to Lottie Putnam Adams, most written before their marriage while Adams was a prisoner of war Twenty three letters from Lottie to Richard (March 1864-January 1865) A typescript titled \"Account of Wheeler's Raids,\" which was written after the Civil War \"Friendship book\" (March 1865) that contains inscriptions by fellow prisoners Two photographs of Adams Documents and clippings \nThe letters reflect ongoing courtship and generally concern personal and family matters with some references to war and prison life. Diaries contain information about camp life, battles, and prison life.","Diary details the activities of Company D, 5th Alabama Infantry Regiment.","This leather bound notebook contains inscriptions and letters of esteem written from the United States Military Prison at Hilton Head, South Carolina, by fellow prisoners near the end of the Civil War.","The oath of allegiance sworn by Richard H. Adams, Jr. at Fort Delaware.","The original papers were accompanied by these transcriptions, created by an unknown person. They have not been reviewed or checked for accuracy by the VMI Archives staff. They include transcriptions of additional diaries for which we do not own the original manuscript, including the \"Prison Diary.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2d839fe6d3a4dcf001f9b44034e2ee44\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Adams, Richard H., Jr. (Richard Henry), 1841-1896","Adams, Lottie P. (Lottie Putnam)"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Adams, Richard H., Jr. (Richard Henry), 1841-1896","Adams, Lottie P. (Lottie Putnam)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_438_c03"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clayton G. Coleman papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_605.xml","title_ssm":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"title_tesim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1863"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1863"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0021","/repositories/3/resources/605"],"text":["MS.0021","/repositories/3/resources/605","Clayton G. Coleman papers","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1859","Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862","Confederate States of America. Army—Medical department","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Medical care","University of Virginia—Students","Autograph albums","There are no restrictions.","Clayton Glanville Coleman was born in Roxbury, New Kent County, Virginia in 1840. He entered VMI in July 1856 as a member of the Class of 1859, but did not graduate. After leaving VMI in 1858, he attended the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia, from which he was graduated in March 1861. ","Coleman served as a Lieutenant Colonel, 23rd Virginia Infantry Regiment (1861-1862) and after September 1862 he was a physician in the Confederate Medical Department. After the Civil War, he continued the practice of medicine until 1871, when he became a civil engineer.","Coleman married Anna Sherrard Breedin, daughter of Enoch C. and Lucy Singleton Breedin, of Winchester Virginia. The couple had four children: Sherrard, Robert, Lucy, and Caroline. Coleman died on October 7, 1908 in Little Rock, Arkansas.","Winchester Sept 27th/62 \nMy Dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and interesting letter to Anna, bearing date the 9th inst., has just come to hand today through the hand of Mr. Howard, who came up from Orange; and although Louise had rec'd one of a later date from Fannie, yet I do assure you it was read with the greatest interest. I have been here now since the 16th, at which time I came from Md. We or rather I was in Md. ten days, during which time I was in Frederick City \u0026 Hagerstown. In the former county we were rec'd with a good deal of kind feeling, but with not so much in the latter (Washington Co.), as that county had already furnished 14 companies to the Federal Army, 11 of wh[ich] surrendered at Harper's Ferry. I suppose you have heard of the surrender of 13000 to Gen. Jackson with any quantity of arms, stores etc. but the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md. on the 17th inst. The battle lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground and both sides were too much [wasted] to renew the fight. Next day: we fell back across the Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten wounded. Winchester has been perfectly crowded with the wounded- there having been more than 3000 here at one time and continually passing through. The N.Y. Tribune says if we had followed them, their army wd have been annihilated, and Gen. Lee says he could have done so with 5000 more fresh troops: but men had been marched so much and were so broken down, that we had 60,000 stragglers. Our army is now between Martinsburg and Williamsport and along the river. Our Brigade lost eight out of ten in the last fight, and my company lost 22 out of 23 men. I don't suppose you have heard of any of the killed in the different fights; well they are so many that I could not begin. Cols. Botts, Neff and Baylor of the 1st Brigade were killed in the battles at Manassas. Every one of your acquaintances in the 4th Ala. and the 11th Miss. were killed or wounded and indeed I reckon it is almost the case in every Regt. Joe Sherrard is a 1st Lieut. In a cavalry comp. I am going into the Med. Dept. and expect to go to Richmond next week for that purpose. We are staying at your Aunt Anne's and the house is crowded with wounded. Sunday 28th, Anna having stopped me from writing last night, I will finish my epistle this morning. We have just returned from church, where we heard service from Mr. Meredith and a most elaborate sermon from a Mr. Scott. Our army is at Bunker Hill, and it is thought we will have another fight there or at this place. Although I have been sick, yet I have had my hands full attending to the wounded; on the first day I dressed 43 wound[sic] and since that time I have had 27 under my charge. Even the sidewalks of the streets are full of wounded and there is a great scarcity of surgeons, and no place for their accommodation. There are now 6000 wounded here. Anna and I leave here for Louisa on Tuesday, where I shall go to Richmond to stand examination before the board. Your uncle Joe speaks of taking a house at Capon Springs and sending his family up there. Louise says if the enemy occupy W. again she will stay a short time to get some articles of clothing, which cannot be procured now, and then come out into our lines.","Winchester Nov. 4th, 1862 \nDear Lucy- \nYour very kind and truly interesting letter bearing the date October - came duly to hand before I left home and I do assure you it was read with the greatest pleasure and should have been answered before now; but I was just on the eve of leaving for W. and then upon arriving here, I had to write Fannie, as I had not written to her since she left Va. Anna returned to W. with me and has been here ever since. I have had my hands full ever since, for upon arriving here I was assigned to the charge of two Hospitals- the N.S. P. Church and Lovett House Hospital containing more than one hundred sick and wounded and a great many very bad cases: but although I have been until the last few days so busily engaged I have only lost five patients out of one hundred and eighty treated, while other Hosp'ts have lost a much greater proportion. Dr. McGuire told me that he lost fourteen patients on night before last at the Union Hosp't! There are not more than one thousand sick here now. Gen. Longstreet's corps moved over the Blue Ridge some days since and it is reported that two of his Divisions met Sigel's Corps at Piedmont Station [M.G.] R.R. and completely routed him; and it is also reported that Jackson's Corps, which for several days has been encamped about Berryville, was on the move yesterday to cut off his retreat. We have no forces now in front of W. except cavalry and I should not be surprised if the Yankee cavalry made or attempted a raid on this place at any time; although we have six companies of the 1st Md. Regt here doing nothing as usual, except disturbing the quietude of the town and committing depredations upon its citizens. Gen. George Stewart, who is nothing more in my opinion than a Baltimore rowdy is commandant of this post, assuring enough dignity but with far less politeness than an Eastern monarch. Gen. Stuart (JEB) had a fight with the \"Yanks\" yesterday at Aldie Loudoun Co. and took eight hundred cavalry prisoners. I do not think W. will be evacuated; for they could gain nothing by so doing; and then they cannot spare the requisite force as they need them in front of our army. I heard the other day by a gentleman just from Frederick City that the enemy had fifteen thousand sick and wounded there. I suppose you have seen that it is currently reported and believed at the North that Lord Lyons and Count Mercier, ministers from England and France, are about to arrive with instructions from their governments to propose an armistice of six months for the adjudication of a settlement of difficulties; and in case of a refusal by the North, the recognition of the Southern Confederacy follows. Your Uncle Joe went to Farmville about ten days ago and intends returning as soon as he makes out the quarterly return of the Bank, provided the Yankees do not take possession before he can do so. He took serv't Amelia with him at her request, as she was decidedly averse to being with Yankees again. We are sending off the sick very fast from here, and I do not know at what time we may be ordered off to another point. Anna and Louise start this week to Orange where they will pay a visit to sister Mary's from thence they will go to Louisa where they will spend some time, and then Louise will go to Richmond where you know she has a situation in the Treasury Dept. I am making an endeavor to be ordered to Staunton and Dr. Hay is very anxious to have me there. If I am successful, I shall keep house there, and will have Anna with me all the time. Louise had been quite sick, but is well again now. How do you like your situation and how do you like teaching? Write to us often and let us hear from you. I do not known where to direct this letter' so I shall direct it to Fannie to be forwarded.\nThe girls and Aunt Ann all write with me in sending best love. Excuse haste and believe me as ever \nYour most affectionate brother \nC. G. Coleman, Jr. \nDirect to Bumpass Louisa Co.","Jerdone Caste- Louisa Co- Va \nFeb. 25th, 1863 \nMy dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and exceedingly interesting letter bearing the date the [blank] inst. came to hand on yesterday, and I need hardly say that we were delighted to hear from you once more, for it had been more than a month since we had had a line from you, and we were feeling quite uneasy about you: for both Anna and I had written to you, and rec'd no answer. I suppose you will be surprised when you get this to find that we are at home! Yes we were called home by one of the most distressing and painful occurrences that is our lot to experience in this world- the death of our poor dear mother: she died very suddenly on the 15th inst. with either Diphtheria or membranous croup. So sudden was her death that even Julia who was staying with Mary and Mary herself only arrived a few minutes before she died. I rec'd a letter from Pa dated the 13th which only casually mentioned that she was a little complaining on the next day she went to bed and then Julia and Mary were sent for. A physician was sent for, a thing that is sadly needed in this neighborhood: and on the next morning she told them she was dying. I had just rec'd orders from the Medical Director to break up my hospital and he had given me orders to travel on an inspection tour from Richmond to Wilmington, through every Regt. and Hosp't in the whole Dept. and was turning over the Hospital supplies when I rec'd a dispatch (about 2 o'clock PM) that my mother was dead. I completed the task of turning over the supplies, and went before the Examining Board and asked for a furlough of twenty days, which they readily granted offering to give one as long as I wished, as they had been anxious for me to take one for some time on account of my health. We left Goldsboro the same night at nine o'clock, and reached home on Wednesday in time to be present at the burial. Just to think of it!! That there was no other white person there except Pa, and she was so anxious to see her children before she died. But it is said that everything happens for the best and we should bear everything with an even resignation. William got here on Monday evening and Johnie[sic] and Clarence on Friday from the Va. Mil. Institute. We are quite lonely here now- no one but Pa and Julia here: Mary went home on Monday, William on yesterday and Johnnie and Clarence today. We saw Louise in Richm'd as we came through; she was suffering a little from a cold. She and Miss Nellie Palmer are coming up on Saturday to spend awhile with is. I shall not return to N.C. if I can help it, but shall endeavor to be stationed somewhere in Virginia. No more at present. I wish you could come on and stay sometime with us. Excuse haste. Write soon to \nYour fond and affectionate brother \nC.G. Coleman, Jr","The Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).","The album contains inscriptions and autographs of Clayton G. Coleman's classmates at VMI.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses the Battle of Antietam and caring for the wounded.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses hospitals and care of wounded, General George H. Steuart, movement of Longstreet's Corps, and other troop activity in the area.","Written from Jerdone Castle, Louisa County, Virginia. Letter discusses their mother's death.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0021","/repositories/3/resources/605"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"creator_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"creators_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1859","Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862","Confederate States of America. Army—Medical department","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Medical care","University of Virginia—Students","Autograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1859","Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862","Confederate States of America. Army—Medical department","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Medical care","University of Virginia—Students","Autograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 items"],"extent_tesim":["4 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Autograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClayton Glanville Coleman was born in Roxbury, New Kent County, Virginia in 1840. He entered VMI in July 1856 as a member of the Class of 1859, but did not graduate. After leaving VMI in 1858, he attended the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia, from which he was graduated in March 1861. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColeman served as a Lieutenant Colonel, 23rd Virginia Infantry Regiment (1861-1862) and after September 1862 he was a physician in the Confederate Medical Department. After the Civil War, he continued the practice of medicine until 1871, when he became a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColeman married Anna Sherrard Breedin, daughter of Enoch C. and Lucy Singleton Breedin, of Winchester Virginia. The couple had four children: Sherrard, Robert, Lucy, and Caroline. Coleman died on October 7, 1908 in Little Rock, Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clayton Glanville Coleman was born in Roxbury, New Kent County, Virginia in 1840. He entered VMI in July 1856 as a member of the Class of 1859, but did not graduate. After leaving VMI in 1858, he attended the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia, from which he was graduated in March 1861. ","Coleman served as a Lieutenant Colonel, 23rd Virginia Infantry Regiment (1861-1862) and after September 1862 he was a physician in the Confederate Medical Department. After the Civil War, he continued the practice of medicine until 1871, when he became a civil engineer.","Coleman married Anna Sherrard Breedin, daughter of Enoch C. and Lucy Singleton Breedin, of Winchester Virginia. The couple had four children: Sherrard, Robert, Lucy, and Caroline. Coleman died on October 7, 1908 in Little Rock, Arkansas."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinchester Sept 27th/62\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Lucy-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour very kind and interesting letter to Anna, bearing date the 9th inst., has just come to hand today through the hand of Mr. Howard, who came up from Orange; and although Louise had rec'd one of a later date from Fannie, yet I do assure you it was read with the greatest interest. I have been here now since the 16th, at which time I came from Md. We or rather I was in Md. ten days, during which time I was in Frederick City \u0026amp; Hagerstown. In the former county we were rec'd with a good deal of kind feeling, but with not so much in the latter (Washington Co.), as that county had already furnished 14 companies to the Federal Army, 11 of wh[ich] surrendered at Harper's Ferry. I suppose you have heard of the surrender of 13000 to Gen. Jackson with any quantity of arms, stores etc. but the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md. on the 17th inst. The battle lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground and both sides were too much [wasted] to renew the fight. Next day: we fell back across the Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten wounded. Winchester has been perfectly crowded with the wounded- there having been more than 3000 here at one time and continually passing through. The N.Y. Tribune says if we had followed them, their army wd have been annihilated, and Gen. Lee says he could have done so with 5000 more fresh troops: but men had been marched so much and were so broken down, that we had 60,000 stragglers. Our army is now between Martinsburg and Williamsport and along the river. Our Brigade lost eight out of ten in the last fight, and my company lost 22 out of 23 men. I don't suppose you have heard of any of the killed in the different fights; well they are so many that I could not begin. Cols. Botts, Neff and Baylor of the 1st Brigade were killed in the battles at Manassas. Every one of your acquaintances in the 4th Ala. and the 11th Miss. were killed or wounded and indeed I reckon it is almost the case in every Regt. Joe Sherrard is a 1st Lieut. In a cavalry comp. I am going into the Med. Dept. and expect to go to Richmond next week for that purpose. We are staying at your Aunt Anne's and the house is crowded with wounded. Sunday 28th, Anna having stopped me from writing last night, I will finish my epistle this morning. We have just returned from church, where we heard service from Mr. Meredith and a most elaborate sermon from a Mr. Scott. Our army is at Bunker Hill, and it is thought we will have another fight there or at this place. Although I have been sick, yet I have had my hands full attending to the wounded; on the first day I dressed 43 wound[sic] and since that time I have had 27 under my charge. Even the sidewalks of the streets are full of wounded and there is a great scarcity of surgeons, and no place for their accommodation. There are now 6000 wounded here. Anna and I leave here for Louisa on Tuesday, where I shall go to Richmond to stand examination before the board. Your uncle Joe speaks of taking a house at Capon Springs and sending his family up there. Louise says if the enemy occupy W. again she will stay a short time to get some articles of clothing, which cannot be procured now, and then come out into our lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinchester Nov. 4th, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nDear Lucy-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour very kind and truly interesting letter bearing the date October - came duly to hand before I left home and I do assure you it was read with the greatest pleasure and should have been answered before now; but I was just on the eve of leaving for W. and then upon arriving here, I had to write Fannie, as I had not written to her since she left Va. Anna returned to W. with me and has been here ever since. I have had my hands full ever since, for upon arriving here I was assigned to the charge of two Hospitals- the N.S. P. Church and Lovett House Hospital containing more than one hundred sick and wounded and a great many very bad cases: but although I have been until the last few days so busily engaged I have only lost five patients out of one hundred and eighty treated, while other Hosp'ts have lost a much greater proportion. Dr. McGuire told me that he lost fourteen patients on night before last at the Union Hosp't! There are not more than one thousand sick here now. Gen. Longstreet's corps moved over the Blue Ridge some days since and it is reported that two of his Divisions met Sigel's Corps at Piedmont Station [M.G.] R.R. and completely routed him; and it is also reported that Jackson's Corps, which for several days has been encamped about Berryville, was on the move yesterday to cut off his retreat. We have no forces now in front of W. except cavalry and I should not be surprised if the Yankee cavalry made or attempted a raid on this place at any time; although we have six companies of the 1st Md. Regt here doing nothing as usual, except disturbing the quietude of the town and committing depredations upon its citizens. Gen. George Stewart, who is nothing more in my opinion than a Baltimore rowdy is commandant of this post, assuring enough dignity but with far less politeness than an Eastern monarch. Gen. Stuart (JEB) had a fight with the \"Yanks\" yesterday at Aldie Loudoun Co. and took eight hundred cavalry prisoners. I do not think W. will be evacuated; for they could gain nothing by so doing; and then they cannot spare the requisite force as they need them in front of our army. I heard the other day by a gentleman just from Frederick City that the enemy had fifteen thousand sick and wounded there. I suppose you have seen that it is currently reported and believed at the North that Lord Lyons and Count Mercier, ministers from England and France, are about to arrive with instructions from their governments to propose an armistice of six months for the adjudication of a settlement of difficulties; and in case of a refusal by the North, the recognition of the Southern Confederacy follows. Your Uncle Joe went to Farmville about ten days ago and intends returning as soon as he makes out the quarterly return of the Bank, provided the Yankees do not take possession before he can do so. He took serv't Amelia with him at her request, as she was decidedly averse to being with Yankees again. We are sending off the sick very fast from here, and I do not know at what time we may be ordered off to another point. Anna and Louise start this week to Orange where they will pay a visit to sister Mary's from thence they will go to Louisa where they will spend some time, and then Louise will go to Richmond where you know she has a situation in the Treasury Dept. I am making an endeavor to be ordered to Staunton and Dr. Hay is very anxious to have me there. If I am successful, I shall keep house there, and will have Anna with me all the time. Louise had been quite sick, but is well again now. How do you like your situation and how do you like teaching? Write to us often and let us hear from you. I do not known where to direct this letter' so I shall direct it to Fannie to be forwarded.\nThe girls and Aunt Ann all write with me in sending best love. Excuse haste and believe me as ever\u003cbr\u003e\nYour most affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\nC. G. Coleman, Jr.\u003cbr\u003e\nDirect to Bumpass Louisa Co.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJerdone Caste- Louisa Co- Va\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb. 25th, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Lucy-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour very kind and exceedingly interesting letter bearing the date the [blank] inst. came to hand on yesterday, and I need hardly say that we were delighted to hear from you once more, for it had been more than a month since we had had a line from you, and we were feeling quite uneasy about you: for both Anna and I had written to you, and rec'd no answer. I suppose you will be surprised when you get this to find that we are at home! Yes we were called home by one of the most distressing and painful occurrences that is our lot to experience in this world- the death of our poor dear mother: she died very suddenly on the 15th inst. with either Diphtheria or membranous croup. So sudden was her death that even Julia who was staying with Mary and Mary herself only arrived a few minutes before she died. I rec'd a letter from Pa dated the 13th which only casually mentioned that she was a little complaining on the next day she went to bed and then Julia and Mary were sent for. A physician was sent for, a thing that is sadly needed in this neighborhood: and on the next morning she told them she was dying. I had just rec'd orders from the Medical Director to break up my hospital and he had given me orders to travel on an inspection tour from Richmond to Wilmington, through every Regt. and Hosp't in the whole Dept. and was turning over the Hospital supplies when I rec'd a dispatch (about 2 o'clock PM) that my mother was dead. I completed the task of turning over the supplies, and went before the Examining Board and asked for a furlough of twenty days, which they readily granted offering to give one as long as I wished, as they had been anxious for me to take one for some time on account of my health. We left Goldsboro the same night at nine o'clock, and reached home on Wednesday in time to be present at the burial. Just to think of it!! That there was no other white person there except Pa, and she was so anxious to see her children before she died. But it is said that everything happens for the best and we should bear everything with an even resignation. William got here on Monday evening and Johnie[sic] and Clarence on Friday from the Va. Mil. Institute. We are quite lonely here now- no one but Pa and Julia here: Mary went home on Monday, William on yesterday and Johnnie and Clarence today. We saw Louise in Richm'd as we came through; she was suffering a little from a cold. She and Miss Nellie Palmer are coming up on Saturday to spend awhile with is. I shall not return to N.C. if I can help it, but shall endeavor to be stationed somewhere in Virginia. No more at present. I wish you could come on and stay sometime with us. Excuse haste. Write soon to\u003cbr\u003e\nYour fond and affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\nC.G. Coleman, Jr\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Winchester Sept 27th/62 \nMy Dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and interesting letter to Anna, bearing date the 9th inst., has just come to hand today through the hand of Mr. Howard, who came up from Orange; and although Louise had rec'd one of a later date from Fannie, yet I do assure you it was read with the greatest interest. I have been here now since the 16th, at which time I came from Md. We or rather I was in Md. ten days, during which time I was in Frederick City \u0026 Hagerstown. In the former county we were rec'd with a good deal of kind feeling, but with not so much in the latter (Washington Co.), as that county had already furnished 14 companies to the Federal Army, 11 of wh[ich] surrendered at Harper's Ferry. I suppose you have heard of the surrender of 13000 to Gen. Jackson with any quantity of arms, stores etc. but the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md. on the 17th inst. The battle lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground and both sides were too much [wasted] to renew the fight. Next day: we fell back across the Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten wounded. Winchester has been perfectly crowded with the wounded- there having been more than 3000 here at one time and continually passing through. The N.Y. Tribune says if we had followed them, their army wd have been annihilated, and Gen. Lee says he could have done so with 5000 more fresh troops: but men had been marched so much and were so broken down, that we had 60,000 stragglers. Our army is now between Martinsburg and Williamsport and along the river. Our Brigade lost eight out of ten in the last fight, and my company lost 22 out of 23 men. I don't suppose you have heard of any of the killed in the different fights; well they are so many that I could not begin. Cols. Botts, Neff and Baylor of the 1st Brigade were killed in the battles at Manassas. Every one of your acquaintances in the 4th Ala. and the 11th Miss. were killed or wounded and indeed I reckon it is almost the case in every Regt. Joe Sherrard is a 1st Lieut. In a cavalry comp. I am going into the Med. Dept. and expect to go to Richmond next week for that purpose. We are staying at your Aunt Anne's and the house is crowded with wounded. Sunday 28th, Anna having stopped me from writing last night, I will finish my epistle this morning. We have just returned from church, where we heard service from Mr. Meredith and a most elaborate sermon from a Mr. Scott. Our army is at Bunker Hill, and it is thought we will have another fight there or at this place. Although I have been sick, yet I have had my hands full attending to the wounded; on the first day I dressed 43 wound[sic] and since that time I have had 27 under my charge. Even the sidewalks of the streets are full of wounded and there is a great scarcity of surgeons, and no place for their accommodation. There are now 6000 wounded here. Anna and I leave here for Louisa on Tuesday, where I shall go to Richmond to stand examination before the board. Your uncle Joe speaks of taking a house at Capon Springs and sending his family up there. Louise says if the enemy occupy W. again she will stay a short time to get some articles of clothing, which cannot be procured now, and then come out into our lines.","Winchester Nov. 4th, 1862 \nDear Lucy- \nYour very kind and truly interesting letter bearing the date October - came duly to hand before I left home and I do assure you it was read with the greatest pleasure and should have been answered before now; but I was just on the eve of leaving for W. and then upon arriving here, I had to write Fannie, as I had not written to her since she left Va. Anna returned to W. with me and has been here ever since. I have had my hands full ever since, for upon arriving here I was assigned to the charge of two Hospitals- the N.S. P. Church and Lovett House Hospital containing more than one hundred sick and wounded and a great many very bad cases: but although I have been until the last few days so busily engaged I have only lost five patients out of one hundred and eighty treated, while other Hosp'ts have lost a much greater proportion. Dr. McGuire told me that he lost fourteen patients on night before last at the Union Hosp't! There are not more than one thousand sick here now. Gen. Longstreet's corps moved over the Blue Ridge some days since and it is reported that two of his Divisions met Sigel's Corps at Piedmont Station [M.G.] R.R. and completely routed him; and it is also reported that Jackson's Corps, which for several days has been encamped about Berryville, was on the move yesterday to cut off his retreat. We have no forces now in front of W. except cavalry and I should not be surprised if the Yankee cavalry made or attempted a raid on this place at any time; although we have six companies of the 1st Md. Regt here doing nothing as usual, except disturbing the quietude of the town and committing depredations upon its citizens. Gen. George Stewart, who is nothing more in my opinion than a Baltimore rowdy is commandant of this post, assuring enough dignity but with far less politeness than an Eastern monarch. Gen. Stuart (JEB) had a fight with the \"Yanks\" yesterday at Aldie Loudoun Co. and took eight hundred cavalry prisoners. I do not think W. will be evacuated; for they could gain nothing by so doing; and then they cannot spare the requisite force as they need them in front of our army. I heard the other day by a gentleman just from Frederick City that the enemy had fifteen thousand sick and wounded there. I suppose you have seen that it is currently reported and believed at the North that Lord Lyons and Count Mercier, ministers from England and France, are about to arrive with instructions from their governments to propose an armistice of six months for the adjudication of a settlement of difficulties; and in case of a refusal by the North, the recognition of the Southern Confederacy follows. Your Uncle Joe went to Farmville about ten days ago and intends returning as soon as he makes out the quarterly return of the Bank, provided the Yankees do not take possession before he can do so. He took serv't Amelia with him at her request, as she was decidedly averse to being with Yankees again. We are sending off the sick very fast from here, and I do not know at what time we may be ordered off to another point. Anna and Louise start this week to Orange where they will pay a visit to sister Mary's from thence they will go to Louisa where they will spend some time, and then Louise will go to Richmond where you know she has a situation in the Treasury Dept. I am making an endeavor to be ordered to Staunton and Dr. Hay is very anxious to have me there. If I am successful, I shall keep house there, and will have Anna with me all the time. Louise had been quite sick, but is well again now. How do you like your situation and how do you like teaching? Write to us often and let us hear from you. I do not known where to direct this letter' so I shall direct it to Fannie to be forwarded.\nThe girls and Aunt Ann all write with me in sending best love. Excuse haste and believe me as ever \nYour most affectionate brother \nC. G. Coleman, Jr. \nDirect to Bumpass Louisa Co.","Jerdone Caste- Louisa Co- Va \nFeb. 25th, 1863 \nMy dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and exceedingly interesting letter bearing the date the [blank] inst. came to hand on yesterday, and I need hardly say that we were delighted to hear from you once more, for it had been more than a month since we had had a line from you, and we were feeling quite uneasy about you: for both Anna and I had written to you, and rec'd no answer. I suppose you will be surprised when you get this to find that we are at home! Yes we were called home by one of the most distressing and painful occurrences that is our lot to experience in this world- the death of our poor dear mother: she died very suddenly on the 15th inst. with either Diphtheria or membranous croup. So sudden was her death that even Julia who was staying with Mary and Mary herself only arrived a few minutes before she died. I rec'd a letter from Pa dated the 13th which only casually mentioned that she was a little complaining on the next day she went to bed and then Julia and Mary were sent for. A physician was sent for, a thing that is sadly needed in this neighborhood: and on the next morning she told them she was dying. I had just rec'd orders from the Medical Director to break up my hospital and he had given me orders to travel on an inspection tour from Richmond to Wilmington, through every Regt. and Hosp't in the whole Dept. and was turning over the Hospital supplies when I rec'd a dispatch (about 2 o'clock PM) that my mother was dead. I completed the task of turning over the supplies, and went before the Examining Board and asked for a furlough of twenty days, which they readily granted offering to give one as long as I wished, as they had been anxious for me to take one for some time on account of my health. We left Goldsboro the same night at nine o'clock, and reached home on Wednesday in time to be present at the burial. Just to think of it!! That there was no other white person there except Pa, and she was so anxious to see her children before she died. But it is said that everything happens for the best and we should bear everything with an even resignation. William got here on Monday evening and Johnie[sic] and Clarence on Friday from the Va. Mil. Institute. We are quite lonely here now- no one but Pa and Julia here: Mary went home on Monday, William on yesterday and Johnnie and Clarence today. We saw Louise in Richm'd as we came through; she was suffering a little from a cold. She and Miss Nellie Palmer are coming up on Saturday to spend awhile with is. I shall not return to N.C. if I can help it, but shall endeavor to be stationed somewhere in Virginia. No more at present. I wish you could come on and stay sometime with us. Excuse haste. Write soon to \nYour fond and affectionate brother \nC.G. Coleman, Jr"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClayton G. Coleman papers, 1858-1863. MS 0021. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers, 1858-1863. MS 0021. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe album contains inscriptions and autographs of Clayton G. Coleman's classmates at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses the Battle of Antietam and caring for the wounded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses hospitals and care of wounded, General George H. Steuart, movement of Longstreet's Corps, and other troop activity in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jerdone Castle, Louisa County, Virginia. Letter discusses their mother's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).","The album contains inscriptions and autographs of Clayton G. Coleman's classmates at VMI.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses the Battle of Antietam and caring for the wounded.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses hospitals and care of wounded, General George H. Steuart, movement of Longstreet's Corps, and other troop activity in the area.","Written from Jerdone Castle, Louisa County, Virginia. Letter discusses their mother's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b592240da9cea9b0810e3020ccfeee4\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903"],"persname_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:19.316Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_605","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_605.xml","title_ssm":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"title_tesim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1863"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1863"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0021","/repositories/3/resources/605"],"text":["MS.0021","/repositories/3/resources/605","Clayton G. Coleman papers","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1859","Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862","Confederate States of America. Army—Medical department","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Medical care","University of Virginia—Students","Autograph albums","There are no restrictions.","Clayton Glanville Coleman was born in Roxbury, New Kent County, Virginia in 1840. He entered VMI in July 1856 as a member of the Class of 1859, but did not graduate. After leaving VMI in 1858, he attended the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia, from which he was graduated in March 1861. ","Coleman served as a Lieutenant Colonel, 23rd Virginia Infantry Regiment (1861-1862) and after September 1862 he was a physician in the Confederate Medical Department. After the Civil War, he continued the practice of medicine until 1871, when he became a civil engineer.","Coleman married Anna Sherrard Breedin, daughter of Enoch C. and Lucy Singleton Breedin, of Winchester Virginia. The couple had four children: Sherrard, Robert, Lucy, and Caroline. Coleman died on October 7, 1908 in Little Rock, Arkansas.","Winchester Sept 27th/62 \nMy Dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and interesting letter to Anna, bearing date the 9th inst., has just come to hand today through the hand of Mr. Howard, who came up from Orange; and although Louise had rec'd one of a later date from Fannie, yet I do assure you it was read with the greatest interest. I have been here now since the 16th, at which time I came from Md. We or rather I was in Md. ten days, during which time I was in Frederick City \u0026 Hagerstown. In the former county we were rec'd with a good deal of kind feeling, but with not so much in the latter (Washington Co.), as that county had already furnished 14 companies to the Federal Army, 11 of wh[ich] surrendered at Harper's Ferry. I suppose you have heard of the surrender of 13000 to Gen. Jackson with any quantity of arms, stores etc. but the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md. on the 17th inst. The battle lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground and both sides were too much [wasted] to renew the fight. Next day: we fell back across the Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten wounded. Winchester has been perfectly crowded with the wounded- there having been more than 3000 here at one time and continually passing through. The N.Y. Tribune says if we had followed them, their army wd have been annihilated, and Gen. Lee says he could have done so with 5000 more fresh troops: but men had been marched so much and were so broken down, that we had 60,000 stragglers. Our army is now between Martinsburg and Williamsport and along the river. Our Brigade lost eight out of ten in the last fight, and my company lost 22 out of 23 men. I don't suppose you have heard of any of the killed in the different fights; well they are so many that I could not begin. Cols. Botts, Neff and Baylor of the 1st Brigade were killed in the battles at Manassas. Every one of your acquaintances in the 4th Ala. and the 11th Miss. were killed or wounded and indeed I reckon it is almost the case in every Regt. Joe Sherrard is a 1st Lieut. In a cavalry comp. I am going into the Med. Dept. and expect to go to Richmond next week for that purpose. We are staying at your Aunt Anne's and the house is crowded with wounded. Sunday 28th, Anna having stopped me from writing last night, I will finish my epistle this morning. We have just returned from church, where we heard service from Mr. Meredith and a most elaborate sermon from a Mr. Scott. Our army is at Bunker Hill, and it is thought we will have another fight there or at this place. Although I have been sick, yet I have had my hands full attending to the wounded; on the first day I dressed 43 wound[sic] and since that time I have had 27 under my charge. Even the sidewalks of the streets are full of wounded and there is a great scarcity of surgeons, and no place for their accommodation. There are now 6000 wounded here. Anna and I leave here for Louisa on Tuesday, where I shall go to Richmond to stand examination before the board. Your uncle Joe speaks of taking a house at Capon Springs and sending his family up there. Louise says if the enemy occupy W. again she will stay a short time to get some articles of clothing, which cannot be procured now, and then come out into our lines.","Winchester Nov. 4th, 1862 \nDear Lucy- \nYour very kind and truly interesting letter bearing the date October - came duly to hand before I left home and I do assure you it was read with the greatest pleasure and should have been answered before now; but I was just on the eve of leaving for W. and then upon arriving here, I had to write Fannie, as I had not written to her since she left Va. Anna returned to W. with me and has been here ever since. I have had my hands full ever since, for upon arriving here I was assigned to the charge of two Hospitals- the N.S. P. Church and Lovett House Hospital containing more than one hundred sick and wounded and a great many very bad cases: but although I have been until the last few days so busily engaged I have only lost five patients out of one hundred and eighty treated, while other Hosp'ts have lost a much greater proportion. Dr. McGuire told me that he lost fourteen patients on night before last at the Union Hosp't! There are not more than one thousand sick here now. Gen. Longstreet's corps moved over the Blue Ridge some days since and it is reported that two of his Divisions met Sigel's Corps at Piedmont Station [M.G.] R.R. and completely routed him; and it is also reported that Jackson's Corps, which for several days has been encamped about Berryville, was on the move yesterday to cut off his retreat. We have no forces now in front of W. except cavalry and I should not be surprised if the Yankee cavalry made or attempted a raid on this place at any time; although we have six companies of the 1st Md. Regt here doing nothing as usual, except disturbing the quietude of the town and committing depredations upon its citizens. Gen. George Stewart, who is nothing more in my opinion than a Baltimore rowdy is commandant of this post, assuring enough dignity but with far less politeness than an Eastern monarch. Gen. Stuart (JEB) had a fight with the \"Yanks\" yesterday at Aldie Loudoun Co. and took eight hundred cavalry prisoners. I do not think W. will be evacuated; for they could gain nothing by so doing; and then they cannot spare the requisite force as they need them in front of our army. I heard the other day by a gentleman just from Frederick City that the enemy had fifteen thousand sick and wounded there. I suppose you have seen that it is currently reported and believed at the North that Lord Lyons and Count Mercier, ministers from England and France, are about to arrive with instructions from their governments to propose an armistice of six months for the adjudication of a settlement of difficulties; and in case of a refusal by the North, the recognition of the Southern Confederacy follows. Your Uncle Joe went to Farmville about ten days ago and intends returning as soon as he makes out the quarterly return of the Bank, provided the Yankees do not take possession before he can do so. He took serv't Amelia with him at her request, as she was decidedly averse to being with Yankees again. We are sending off the sick very fast from here, and I do not know at what time we may be ordered off to another point. Anna and Louise start this week to Orange where they will pay a visit to sister Mary's from thence they will go to Louisa where they will spend some time, and then Louise will go to Richmond where you know she has a situation in the Treasury Dept. I am making an endeavor to be ordered to Staunton and Dr. Hay is very anxious to have me there. If I am successful, I shall keep house there, and will have Anna with me all the time. Louise had been quite sick, but is well again now. How do you like your situation and how do you like teaching? Write to us often and let us hear from you. I do not known where to direct this letter' so I shall direct it to Fannie to be forwarded.\nThe girls and Aunt Ann all write with me in sending best love. Excuse haste and believe me as ever \nYour most affectionate brother \nC. G. Coleman, Jr. \nDirect to Bumpass Louisa Co.","Jerdone Caste- Louisa Co- Va \nFeb. 25th, 1863 \nMy dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and exceedingly interesting letter bearing the date the [blank] inst. came to hand on yesterday, and I need hardly say that we were delighted to hear from you once more, for it had been more than a month since we had had a line from you, and we were feeling quite uneasy about you: for both Anna and I had written to you, and rec'd no answer. I suppose you will be surprised when you get this to find that we are at home! Yes we were called home by one of the most distressing and painful occurrences that is our lot to experience in this world- the death of our poor dear mother: she died very suddenly on the 15th inst. with either Diphtheria or membranous croup. So sudden was her death that even Julia who was staying with Mary and Mary herself only arrived a few minutes before she died. I rec'd a letter from Pa dated the 13th which only casually mentioned that she was a little complaining on the next day she went to bed and then Julia and Mary were sent for. A physician was sent for, a thing that is sadly needed in this neighborhood: and on the next morning she told them she was dying. I had just rec'd orders from the Medical Director to break up my hospital and he had given me orders to travel on an inspection tour from Richmond to Wilmington, through every Regt. and Hosp't in the whole Dept. and was turning over the Hospital supplies when I rec'd a dispatch (about 2 o'clock PM) that my mother was dead. I completed the task of turning over the supplies, and went before the Examining Board and asked for a furlough of twenty days, which they readily granted offering to give one as long as I wished, as they had been anxious for me to take one for some time on account of my health. We left Goldsboro the same night at nine o'clock, and reached home on Wednesday in time to be present at the burial. Just to think of it!! That there was no other white person there except Pa, and she was so anxious to see her children before she died. But it is said that everything happens for the best and we should bear everything with an even resignation. William got here on Monday evening and Johnie[sic] and Clarence on Friday from the Va. Mil. Institute. We are quite lonely here now- no one but Pa and Julia here: Mary went home on Monday, William on yesterday and Johnnie and Clarence today. We saw Louise in Richm'd as we came through; she was suffering a little from a cold. She and Miss Nellie Palmer are coming up on Saturday to spend awhile with is. I shall not return to N.C. if I can help it, but shall endeavor to be stationed somewhere in Virginia. No more at present. I wish you could come on and stay sometime with us. Excuse haste. Write soon to \nYour fond and affectionate brother \nC.G. Coleman, Jr","The Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).","The album contains inscriptions and autographs of Clayton G. Coleman's classmates at VMI.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses the Battle of Antietam and caring for the wounded.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses hospitals and care of wounded, General George H. Steuart, movement of Longstreet's Corps, and other troop activity in the area.","Written from Jerdone Castle, Louisa County, Virginia. Letter discusses their mother's death.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0021","/repositories/3/resources/605"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"creator_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"creators_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1859","Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862","Confederate States of America. Army—Medical department","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Medical care","University of Virginia—Students","Autograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1859","Antietam, Battle of, Md., 1862","Confederate States of America. Army—Medical department","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Medical care","University of Virginia—Students","Autograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 items"],"extent_tesim":["4 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Autograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClayton Glanville Coleman was born in Roxbury, New Kent County, Virginia in 1840. He entered VMI in July 1856 as a member of the Class of 1859, but did not graduate. After leaving VMI in 1858, he attended the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia, from which he was graduated in March 1861. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColeman served as a Lieutenant Colonel, 23rd Virginia Infantry Regiment (1861-1862) and after September 1862 he was a physician in the Confederate Medical Department. After the Civil War, he continued the practice of medicine until 1871, when he became a civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColeman married Anna Sherrard Breedin, daughter of Enoch C. and Lucy Singleton Breedin, of Winchester Virginia. The couple had four children: Sherrard, Robert, Lucy, and Caroline. Coleman died on October 7, 1908 in Little Rock, Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Clayton Glanville Coleman was born in Roxbury, New Kent County, Virginia in 1840. He entered VMI in July 1856 as a member of the Class of 1859, but did not graduate. After leaving VMI in 1858, he attended the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia, from which he was graduated in March 1861. ","Coleman served as a Lieutenant Colonel, 23rd Virginia Infantry Regiment (1861-1862) and after September 1862 he was a physician in the Confederate Medical Department. After the Civil War, he continued the practice of medicine until 1871, when he became a civil engineer.","Coleman married Anna Sherrard Breedin, daughter of Enoch C. and Lucy Singleton Breedin, of Winchester Virginia. The couple had four children: Sherrard, Robert, Lucy, and Caroline. Coleman died on October 7, 1908 in Little Rock, Arkansas."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinchester Sept 27th/62\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Lucy-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour very kind and interesting letter to Anna, bearing date the 9th inst., has just come to hand today through the hand of Mr. Howard, who came up from Orange; and although Louise had rec'd one of a later date from Fannie, yet I do assure you it was read with the greatest interest. I have been here now since the 16th, at which time I came from Md. We or rather I was in Md. ten days, during which time I was in Frederick City \u0026amp; Hagerstown. In the former county we were rec'd with a good deal of kind feeling, but with not so much in the latter (Washington Co.), as that county had already furnished 14 companies to the Federal Army, 11 of wh[ich] surrendered at Harper's Ferry. I suppose you have heard of the surrender of 13000 to Gen. Jackson with any quantity of arms, stores etc. but the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md. on the 17th inst. The battle lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground and both sides were too much [wasted] to renew the fight. Next day: we fell back across the Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten wounded. Winchester has been perfectly crowded with the wounded- there having been more than 3000 here at one time and continually passing through. The N.Y. Tribune says if we had followed them, their army wd have been annihilated, and Gen. Lee says he could have done so with 5000 more fresh troops: but men had been marched so much and were so broken down, that we had 60,000 stragglers. Our army is now between Martinsburg and Williamsport and along the river. Our Brigade lost eight out of ten in the last fight, and my company lost 22 out of 23 men. I don't suppose you have heard of any of the killed in the different fights; well they are so many that I could not begin. Cols. Botts, Neff and Baylor of the 1st Brigade were killed in the battles at Manassas. Every one of your acquaintances in the 4th Ala. and the 11th Miss. were killed or wounded and indeed I reckon it is almost the case in every Regt. Joe Sherrard is a 1st Lieut. In a cavalry comp. I am going into the Med. Dept. and expect to go to Richmond next week for that purpose. We are staying at your Aunt Anne's and the house is crowded with wounded. Sunday 28th, Anna having stopped me from writing last night, I will finish my epistle this morning. We have just returned from church, where we heard service from Mr. Meredith and a most elaborate sermon from a Mr. Scott. Our army is at Bunker Hill, and it is thought we will have another fight there or at this place. Although I have been sick, yet I have had my hands full attending to the wounded; on the first day I dressed 43 wound[sic] and since that time I have had 27 under my charge. Even the sidewalks of the streets are full of wounded and there is a great scarcity of surgeons, and no place for their accommodation. There are now 6000 wounded here. Anna and I leave here for Louisa on Tuesday, where I shall go to Richmond to stand examination before the board. Your uncle Joe speaks of taking a house at Capon Springs and sending his family up there. Louise says if the enemy occupy W. again she will stay a short time to get some articles of clothing, which cannot be procured now, and then come out into our lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinchester Nov. 4th, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nDear Lucy-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour very kind and truly interesting letter bearing the date October - came duly to hand before I left home and I do assure you it was read with the greatest pleasure and should have been answered before now; but I was just on the eve of leaving for W. and then upon arriving here, I had to write Fannie, as I had not written to her since she left Va. Anna returned to W. with me and has been here ever since. I have had my hands full ever since, for upon arriving here I was assigned to the charge of two Hospitals- the N.S. P. Church and Lovett House Hospital containing more than one hundred sick and wounded and a great many very bad cases: but although I have been until the last few days so busily engaged I have only lost five patients out of one hundred and eighty treated, while other Hosp'ts have lost a much greater proportion. Dr. McGuire told me that he lost fourteen patients on night before last at the Union Hosp't! There are not more than one thousand sick here now. Gen. Longstreet's corps moved over the Blue Ridge some days since and it is reported that two of his Divisions met Sigel's Corps at Piedmont Station [M.G.] R.R. and completely routed him; and it is also reported that Jackson's Corps, which for several days has been encamped about Berryville, was on the move yesterday to cut off his retreat. We have no forces now in front of W. except cavalry and I should not be surprised if the Yankee cavalry made or attempted a raid on this place at any time; although we have six companies of the 1st Md. Regt here doing nothing as usual, except disturbing the quietude of the town and committing depredations upon its citizens. Gen. George Stewart, who is nothing more in my opinion than a Baltimore rowdy is commandant of this post, assuring enough dignity but with far less politeness than an Eastern monarch. Gen. Stuart (JEB) had a fight with the \"Yanks\" yesterday at Aldie Loudoun Co. and took eight hundred cavalry prisoners. I do not think W. will be evacuated; for they could gain nothing by so doing; and then they cannot spare the requisite force as they need them in front of our army. I heard the other day by a gentleman just from Frederick City that the enemy had fifteen thousand sick and wounded there. I suppose you have seen that it is currently reported and believed at the North that Lord Lyons and Count Mercier, ministers from England and France, are about to arrive with instructions from their governments to propose an armistice of six months for the adjudication of a settlement of difficulties; and in case of a refusal by the North, the recognition of the Southern Confederacy follows. Your Uncle Joe went to Farmville about ten days ago and intends returning as soon as he makes out the quarterly return of the Bank, provided the Yankees do not take possession before he can do so. He took serv't Amelia with him at her request, as she was decidedly averse to being with Yankees again. We are sending off the sick very fast from here, and I do not know at what time we may be ordered off to another point. Anna and Louise start this week to Orange where they will pay a visit to sister Mary's from thence they will go to Louisa where they will spend some time, and then Louise will go to Richmond where you know she has a situation in the Treasury Dept. I am making an endeavor to be ordered to Staunton and Dr. Hay is very anxious to have me there. If I am successful, I shall keep house there, and will have Anna with me all the time. Louise had been quite sick, but is well again now. How do you like your situation and how do you like teaching? Write to us often and let us hear from you. I do not known where to direct this letter' so I shall direct it to Fannie to be forwarded.\nThe girls and Aunt Ann all write with me in sending best love. Excuse haste and believe me as ever\u003cbr\u003e\nYour most affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\nC. G. Coleman, Jr.\u003cbr\u003e\nDirect to Bumpass Louisa Co.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJerdone Caste- Louisa Co- Va\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb. 25th, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Lucy-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour very kind and exceedingly interesting letter bearing the date the [blank] inst. came to hand on yesterday, and I need hardly say that we were delighted to hear from you once more, for it had been more than a month since we had had a line from you, and we were feeling quite uneasy about you: for both Anna and I had written to you, and rec'd no answer. I suppose you will be surprised when you get this to find that we are at home! Yes we were called home by one of the most distressing and painful occurrences that is our lot to experience in this world- the death of our poor dear mother: she died very suddenly on the 15th inst. with either Diphtheria or membranous croup. So sudden was her death that even Julia who was staying with Mary and Mary herself only arrived a few minutes before she died. I rec'd a letter from Pa dated the 13th which only casually mentioned that she was a little complaining on the next day she went to bed and then Julia and Mary were sent for. A physician was sent for, a thing that is sadly needed in this neighborhood: and on the next morning she told them she was dying. I had just rec'd orders from the Medical Director to break up my hospital and he had given me orders to travel on an inspection tour from Richmond to Wilmington, through every Regt. and Hosp't in the whole Dept. and was turning over the Hospital supplies when I rec'd a dispatch (about 2 o'clock PM) that my mother was dead. I completed the task of turning over the supplies, and went before the Examining Board and asked for a furlough of twenty days, which they readily granted offering to give one as long as I wished, as they had been anxious for me to take one for some time on account of my health. We left Goldsboro the same night at nine o'clock, and reached home on Wednesday in time to be present at the burial. Just to think of it!! That there was no other white person there except Pa, and she was so anxious to see her children before she died. But it is said that everything happens for the best and we should bear everything with an even resignation. William got here on Monday evening and Johnie[sic] and Clarence on Friday from the Va. Mil. Institute. We are quite lonely here now- no one but Pa and Julia here: Mary went home on Monday, William on yesterday and Johnnie and Clarence today. We saw Louise in Richm'd as we came through; she was suffering a little from a cold. She and Miss Nellie Palmer are coming up on Saturday to spend awhile with is. I shall not return to N.C. if I can help it, but shall endeavor to be stationed somewhere in Virginia. No more at present. I wish you could come on and stay sometime with us. Excuse haste. Write soon to\u003cbr\u003e\nYour fond and affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\nC.G. Coleman, Jr\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Winchester Sept 27th/62 \nMy Dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and interesting letter to Anna, bearing date the 9th inst., has just come to hand today through the hand of Mr. Howard, who came up from Orange; and although Louise had rec'd one of a later date from Fannie, yet I do assure you it was read with the greatest interest. I have been here now since the 16th, at which time I came from Md. We or rather I was in Md. ten days, during which time I was in Frederick City \u0026 Hagerstown. In the former county we were rec'd with a good deal of kind feeling, but with not so much in the latter (Washington Co.), as that county had already furnished 14 companies to the Federal Army, 11 of wh[ich] surrendered at Harper's Ferry. I suppose you have heard of the surrender of 13000 to Gen. Jackson with any quantity of arms, stores etc. but the hottest battle of the war was fought near Sharpsburg Md. on the 17th inst. The battle lasted all day and the loss was terrific on both sides, the enemy fighting with more desperation than ever before. We call it a victory and the Yankees did so at first too; we held the ground and both sides were too much [wasted] to renew the fight. Next day: we fell back across the Potomac and the enemy then commenced shelling us and boasted that they had driven us across. They acknowledge the loss of sixteen generals. We had two generals killed and ten wounded. Winchester has been perfectly crowded with the wounded- there having been more than 3000 here at one time and continually passing through. The N.Y. Tribune says if we had followed them, their army wd have been annihilated, and Gen. Lee says he could have done so with 5000 more fresh troops: but men had been marched so much and were so broken down, that we had 60,000 stragglers. Our army is now between Martinsburg and Williamsport and along the river. Our Brigade lost eight out of ten in the last fight, and my company lost 22 out of 23 men. I don't suppose you have heard of any of the killed in the different fights; well they are so many that I could not begin. Cols. Botts, Neff and Baylor of the 1st Brigade were killed in the battles at Manassas. Every one of your acquaintances in the 4th Ala. and the 11th Miss. were killed or wounded and indeed I reckon it is almost the case in every Regt. Joe Sherrard is a 1st Lieut. In a cavalry comp. I am going into the Med. Dept. and expect to go to Richmond next week for that purpose. We are staying at your Aunt Anne's and the house is crowded with wounded. Sunday 28th, Anna having stopped me from writing last night, I will finish my epistle this morning. We have just returned from church, where we heard service from Mr. Meredith and a most elaborate sermon from a Mr. Scott. Our army is at Bunker Hill, and it is thought we will have another fight there or at this place. Although I have been sick, yet I have had my hands full attending to the wounded; on the first day I dressed 43 wound[sic] and since that time I have had 27 under my charge. Even the sidewalks of the streets are full of wounded and there is a great scarcity of surgeons, and no place for their accommodation. There are now 6000 wounded here. Anna and I leave here for Louisa on Tuesday, where I shall go to Richmond to stand examination before the board. Your uncle Joe speaks of taking a house at Capon Springs and sending his family up there. Louise says if the enemy occupy W. again she will stay a short time to get some articles of clothing, which cannot be procured now, and then come out into our lines.","Winchester Nov. 4th, 1862 \nDear Lucy- \nYour very kind and truly interesting letter bearing the date October - came duly to hand before I left home and I do assure you it was read with the greatest pleasure and should have been answered before now; but I was just on the eve of leaving for W. and then upon arriving here, I had to write Fannie, as I had not written to her since she left Va. Anna returned to W. with me and has been here ever since. I have had my hands full ever since, for upon arriving here I was assigned to the charge of two Hospitals- the N.S. P. Church and Lovett House Hospital containing more than one hundred sick and wounded and a great many very bad cases: but although I have been until the last few days so busily engaged I have only lost five patients out of one hundred and eighty treated, while other Hosp'ts have lost a much greater proportion. Dr. McGuire told me that he lost fourteen patients on night before last at the Union Hosp't! There are not more than one thousand sick here now. Gen. Longstreet's corps moved over the Blue Ridge some days since and it is reported that two of his Divisions met Sigel's Corps at Piedmont Station [M.G.] R.R. and completely routed him; and it is also reported that Jackson's Corps, which for several days has been encamped about Berryville, was on the move yesterday to cut off his retreat. We have no forces now in front of W. except cavalry and I should not be surprised if the Yankee cavalry made or attempted a raid on this place at any time; although we have six companies of the 1st Md. Regt here doing nothing as usual, except disturbing the quietude of the town and committing depredations upon its citizens. Gen. George Stewart, who is nothing more in my opinion than a Baltimore rowdy is commandant of this post, assuring enough dignity but with far less politeness than an Eastern monarch. Gen. Stuart (JEB) had a fight with the \"Yanks\" yesterday at Aldie Loudoun Co. and took eight hundred cavalry prisoners. I do not think W. will be evacuated; for they could gain nothing by so doing; and then they cannot spare the requisite force as they need them in front of our army. I heard the other day by a gentleman just from Frederick City that the enemy had fifteen thousand sick and wounded there. I suppose you have seen that it is currently reported and believed at the North that Lord Lyons and Count Mercier, ministers from England and France, are about to arrive with instructions from their governments to propose an armistice of six months for the adjudication of a settlement of difficulties; and in case of a refusal by the North, the recognition of the Southern Confederacy follows. Your Uncle Joe went to Farmville about ten days ago and intends returning as soon as he makes out the quarterly return of the Bank, provided the Yankees do not take possession before he can do so. He took serv't Amelia with him at her request, as she was decidedly averse to being with Yankees again. We are sending off the sick very fast from here, and I do not know at what time we may be ordered off to another point. Anna and Louise start this week to Orange where they will pay a visit to sister Mary's from thence they will go to Louisa where they will spend some time, and then Louise will go to Richmond where you know she has a situation in the Treasury Dept. I am making an endeavor to be ordered to Staunton and Dr. Hay is very anxious to have me there. If I am successful, I shall keep house there, and will have Anna with me all the time. Louise had been quite sick, but is well again now. How do you like your situation and how do you like teaching? Write to us often and let us hear from you. I do not known where to direct this letter' so I shall direct it to Fannie to be forwarded.\nThe girls and Aunt Ann all write with me in sending best love. Excuse haste and believe me as ever \nYour most affectionate brother \nC. G. Coleman, Jr. \nDirect to Bumpass Louisa Co.","Jerdone Caste- Louisa Co- Va \nFeb. 25th, 1863 \nMy dear Lucy- \nYour very kind and exceedingly interesting letter bearing the date the [blank] inst. came to hand on yesterday, and I need hardly say that we were delighted to hear from you once more, for it had been more than a month since we had had a line from you, and we were feeling quite uneasy about you: for both Anna and I had written to you, and rec'd no answer. I suppose you will be surprised when you get this to find that we are at home! Yes we were called home by one of the most distressing and painful occurrences that is our lot to experience in this world- the death of our poor dear mother: she died very suddenly on the 15th inst. with either Diphtheria or membranous croup. So sudden was her death that even Julia who was staying with Mary and Mary herself only arrived a few minutes before she died. I rec'd a letter from Pa dated the 13th which only casually mentioned that she was a little complaining on the next day she went to bed and then Julia and Mary were sent for. A physician was sent for, a thing that is sadly needed in this neighborhood: and on the next morning she told them she was dying. I had just rec'd orders from the Medical Director to break up my hospital and he had given me orders to travel on an inspection tour from Richmond to Wilmington, through every Regt. and Hosp't in the whole Dept. and was turning over the Hospital supplies when I rec'd a dispatch (about 2 o'clock PM) that my mother was dead. I completed the task of turning over the supplies, and went before the Examining Board and asked for a furlough of twenty days, which they readily granted offering to give one as long as I wished, as they had been anxious for me to take one for some time on account of my health. We left Goldsboro the same night at nine o'clock, and reached home on Wednesday in time to be present at the burial. Just to think of it!! That there was no other white person there except Pa, and she was so anxious to see her children before she died. But it is said that everything happens for the best and we should bear everything with an even resignation. William got here on Monday evening and Johnie[sic] and Clarence on Friday from the Va. Mil. Institute. We are quite lonely here now- no one but Pa and Julia here: Mary went home on Monday, William on yesterday and Johnnie and Clarence today. We saw Louise in Richm'd as we came through; she was suffering a little from a cold. She and Miss Nellie Palmer are coming up on Saturday to spend awhile with is. I shall not return to N.C. if I can help it, but shall endeavor to be stationed somewhere in Virginia. No more at present. I wish you could come on and stay sometime with us. Excuse haste. Write soon to \nYour fond and affectionate brother \nC.G. Coleman, Jr"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClayton G. Coleman papers, 1858-1863. MS 0021. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Clayton G. Coleman papers, 1858-1863. MS 0021. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe album contains inscriptions and autographs of Clayton G. Coleman's classmates at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses the Battle of Antietam and caring for the wounded.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses hospitals and care of wounded, General George H. Steuart, movement of Longstreet's Corps, and other troop activity in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jerdone Castle, Louisa County, Virginia. Letter discusses their mother's death.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Clayton G. Coleman papers consist of three letters written to Coleman's sister Lucy during the Civil War, and an autograph album containing inscriptions written by his classmates at VMI, the University of Virginia, and the Medical College of Virginia (circa 1858-1861).","The album contains inscriptions and autographs of Clayton G. Coleman's classmates at VMI.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses the Battle of Antietam and caring for the wounded.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter discusses hospitals and care of wounded, General George H. Steuart, movement of Longstreet's Corps, and other troop activity in the area.","Written from Jerdone Castle, Louisa County, Virginia. Letter discusses their mother's death."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b592240da9cea9b0810e3020ccfeee4\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903"],"persname_ssim":["Coleman, Clayton G. (Clayton Glanville), 1840-1908","Steuart, George H. (George Hume), 1828-1903","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. 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The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\""],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_435.xml","title_ssm":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"title_tesim":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862 September-1863 October"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862 September-1863 October"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0355","/repositories/3/resources/435"],"text":["MS.0355","/repositories/3/resources/435","Edward T. 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Beall Civil War diary","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the diary of sixteen year old soldier Edward T. Beall, covering the period between September 1862 and October 1863. The diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a80f162894f75161341a6ac03a1801e0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_435.xml","title_ssm":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"title_tesim":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862 September-1863 October"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862 September-1863 October"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0355","/repositories/3/resources/435"],"text":["MS.0355","/repositories/3/resources/435","Edward T. Beall Civil War diary","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Songs and music","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 62nd","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","Songs -- Confederate States of America","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America—Poetry","Diaries","There are no restrictions","This item is available online","Edward T. Beall was born circa 1847 in West Virginia. He enlisted in the Confederate States of America in February 1862 and was a Private in Company H, 62nd Virginia Infantry Regiment. After the War, Beall was a farmer.","See the book \"62nd Virginia Infantry\" by Roger U. Delauter [Publisher: Lynchburg, Virginia: H.E. Howard, ©1988.] for a complete history of about Edward T. Beall's regiment.","This collection consists of the diary of sixteen year old soldier Edward T. Beall, covering the period between September 1862 and October 1863. The diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\"","The diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0355","/repositories/3/resources/435"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"collection_ssim":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Songs and music"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Songs and music"],"creator_ssm":["Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"creator_ssim":["Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"creators_ssim":["Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Songs and music"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 62nd","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","Songs -- Confederate States of America","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America—Poetry","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 62nd","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","Songs -- Confederate States of America","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America—Poetry","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items bound volume, 7.5 inches x 6 inches x 1/2 inches"],"extent_tesim":["1 items bound volume, 7.5 inches x 6 inches x 1/2 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/295\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This item is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward T. Beall was born circa 1847 in West Virginia. He enlisted in the Confederate States of America in February 1862 and was a Private in Company H, 62nd Virginia Infantry Regiment. After the War, Beall was a farmer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward T. Beall was born circa 1847 in West Virginia. He enlisted in the Confederate States of America in February 1862 and was a Private in Company H, 62nd Virginia Infantry Regiment. After the War, Beall was a farmer."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward T. Beall Civil War diary, 1862-1862. MS 0355. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edward T. Beall Civil War diary, 1862-1862. MS 0355. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the book \"62nd Virginia Infantry\" by Roger U. Delauter [Publisher: Lynchburg, Virginia: H.E. Howard, ©1988.] for a complete history of about Edward T. Beall's regiment.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Book"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the book \"62nd Virginia Infantry\" by Roger U. Delauter [Publisher: Lynchburg, Virginia: H.E. Howard, ©1988.] for a complete history of about Edward T. Beall's regiment."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the diary of sixteen year old soldier Edward T. Beall, covering the period between September 1862 and October 1863. The diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the diary of sixteen year old soldier Edward T. Beall, covering the period between September 1862 and October 1863. The diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\"","The diary contains very brief entries concerning regimental activities, such as miles marched and the location of camps. The volume begins with a short biographical sketch of Beall's early life. The volume also contains poetry/song, including \"When This Cruel War is Over,\" \"The Little Girl,\" and \"Lieutenant General Jackson.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a80f162894f75161341a6ac03a1801e0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Beall, Edward T. (Edward Thomas), 1847-?"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.995Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_435"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Fulkerson Family papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e In addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattles of Port Republic and Kernstown\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeath of Turner Ashby\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefugee and civilian life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCamp life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e Also included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_596.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00012.xml","title_ssm":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1835-1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-1925"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0363","/repositories/3/resources/596"],"text":["MS.0363","/repositories/3/resources/596","Fulkerson Family papers","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 37th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 10th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","Confederate States of America. Army—Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 63rd","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1857","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1884","Virginia Military Institute—Board of Visitors","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","Port Republic, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Kernstown, Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Winchester, 1st Battle of (Virginia : May 25, 1862)","McDowell, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Many items from this collection, including the Civil War material, are   available in full-text format","Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862) was born in Washington County, Virginia to Colonel Abram Fulkerson, Sr. and Margaret Laughlin Vance on October 21, 1822. As a young man he undertook the study of law, and in late 1846 he obtained his license and opened a practice in southwestern Virginia. He served in the United States Army during the Mexican War (1847-1848), and subsequently returned to  practice of law in Estillville and Abingdon, Virginia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial district and held this position until the beginning of the Civil War. He was a member of the VMI Board of Visitors from 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 37th Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed in the Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia on June 26, 1862.","Abram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902) was born on May 13, 1834 in Washington County, Virginia and was the younger brother of Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862). He graduated from VMI in 1857, and after a brief career as a teacher, went on to study law. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment and was a prisoner of war (one of the \"Immortal 600\"). After the War he continued the practice law and was active in politics, serving in the Virginia legislature and in the United States          Congress. He 1862 he married Selina Johnson, of Clarksville,  Tennessee, and the couple had nine children, including Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), VMI Class of 1884. Abram Fulkersonm, Jr. died on December 17, 1902 in Bristol, Virginia.","Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926) was born on October 22, 1863 in Abingdon, Virginia to Abram Fulkerson, Jr. and Selina Johnson. He graduated from VMI in 1884 and subsequently studied law at the University of Virginia. He was a lawyer (partner in the firm of Fulkerson and Davis in Bristol, Virginia) and served two terms as City Attorney. During the Spanish-American War (1898- 1899) he was a member of the Fourth Tennessee Regiment, United States Volunteers. In 1904 he married Lura Bradley of Sherman, Texas, and the couple had twin sons in April 1906. He died on July 2, 1926 in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is buried at East Hill Cemetery, Bristol.","Winchester \n9 March 1862","My Dear Mother \nNot having written or heard from home for sometime, I will write you a short letter today. You will see from the heading of this that we have not yet gone to Manassas and I cannot tell when we will go. We will not get away, unless Winchester is evacuated, while the present state of things exists here.","Genl. Banks with his army has been maneuvering about twelve miles in our front for several days. On day before yesterday we thought that we were certainly in for a fight. Banks attacked our outer posts, when we packed our baggage and sent it to the rear, and marched the men on the Martinsburg road about two miles from Winchester, where we drew up and waited for the approach of the enemy. But after skirmishing with our pickets an hour or two, he withdrew again. We lost only one man, but not of my Regt.","We have not a large force here, and I do not know what Genl. Jackson will do if the enemy advances upon us. All of the public stores have been sent away, and many of the citizens have left. There are a good many here who sympathize with the Yankees, and will be rejoiced if they get possession of Winchester. This is such a beautiful country that I should regret to see it fall into the hands of the Yankees.","Since we came back from Romney we have had three different encampments. First on the Romney Road, but when the enemy crossed at Harper's Ferry we moved and took position on that road about three miles from Winchester; and on yesterday we moved to this place, which is on the Strasburg road about three and a half miles from Winchester near a village called Kernstown.","It is doubtful about how much I will write as I have been over six hours in getting this much written. In a letter from Col. Gibson he asked what I wished you and Kate to do in case the enemy got into our county. If they should get in, and you are willing to do so, I think that you had better remain at home. Refugees have a hard time, and when people leave their homes everything is destroyed. Mr. Faulkner (Honl. Charles J.) told me that his wife had saved his property by staying at home. But if it should come to the worst, and you prefer it, leave and let the property go. I care little for the property except on yours and Kate's account. For myself I feel that I have no home so long as it is threatened by the enemy, and I would willingly give up all I have, and commence the world anew without a thing, rather than that the enemy should subjugate us.","We are very hardly pressed now, and it depends upon the spirit of our people whether we bear up against it, or give way under it. When I see so many men and especially officers shirking duty and who seem to make it a study as to the best manner in which they can get around duty, I almost despair. Many are all the time seeking personal ease or pursuing schemes of personal advancement, and would appear to be willing to sacrifice their country to attain their object. I suppose though that all wars produce the same class of selfish men, and that we must expect to be cursed with them. I do not intend to be troubled hereafter with the reflection that I did not do my duty in this conflict.","I did have some hope that I could go home for a short time this winter, but do not now expect to do so. If I had the permission I would not go now, while we are so near the enemy. Besides, so many of the officers are absent that it would be highly improper for any more to leave. In the absence of Col. Taliaferro I still have command of the 4th Brigade, which now only consists of two regiments and four pieces of artillery.","I learn that we have had very high waters in our country and that much damage has been done. I was sorry to hear that Uncle James had lost his dam. I take it that he will not get his mills to running again for some time. If any of the fence about the creek washed away, get Mr. Hughes or some one to help Lee put it up. Today (Sunday) has been a very spring-like one. Citizens say that this has been a very wet winter here and not as much cold as usual, but still the ground has not been clear of snow since the first of Jany. Scarcely any ploughing has been done here yet, and little else in the farming line. See if you can't get meal and flour from Mrs. Hopkins' mill; If not try at some other place. Henry Roberts might furnish you with meal.","I suffered for two or three weeks with a severe cold, but kept up and am now nearly well again. Jas. Vance is well. He spent this Sunday in building a chimney to his tent. He has said several times that he would not fix up any more. He has built a good many chimneys, but had soon to leave them.","Give my love to Kate and Selina. Tell Selina that she ought to write to me. You and Kate must write soon, and tell me where Ike and Abe are. Tell Amelia Vance that I will write to her when I can. I have nothing to write about but army movements, but they will have as much interest to you as anything else.","Your son, \nSaml. V. Fulkerson","Camp Near New Market \n3 Apl. 1862 ","Dear Kate \nA few days ago I wrote you giving some account of our fight near Winchester. Since that time we have been marching up and down the valley, one day falling back before the enemy and the next advancing towards him, skirmishing with him almost daily. He is now in strong force about ten miles off. Genl. Jackson has taken a position here, but whether he will fight at this place or not I am unable to say. If he has sufficient force he would not wait to be attacked.","I have been unable to hear from Jas. Vance, though I have [missing word or words] letter to Judge Parker of Winchester about him. I cannot think that he was mortally wounded, from what the men say who put him in the ambulance. I feel very much for Uncle James and family in their repeated bereavements. I miss Jimmy greatly, and would be greatly pleased to hear that his wound is not dangerous. I have seen a list of the prisoners who were taken to Baltimore but Jimmie's name is not among them. However, I am not surprised at this, as the wounded would not for awhile be removed from Winchester. I may yet get some information from Winchester about him. ","Capt. Cowan (of Russell) died of his wounds. He was a brave man and good officer. James King was as good a soldier as ever entered the line. He went off with Capt. Jones Co., was transferred to Col. Cummings Regt. and then transferred to mine. After the fight was half over, he remarked that \"he was proud of being in the 37th.\" The poor fellow was shot through the head and did not speak afterwards. Leroy Sherman among others was taken prisoner and is in Baltimore. ","The [people along the valley] claim our fight as a victory, but it is not so. We attacked a greatly superior forces and were repulsed with heavy loss. If night had not set in we would all have been captured or killed. The enemy's loss was very heavy, for our men fought with desperate courage. our loss is 469 killed and wounded. The killed wounded and missing amount to 689. This is an uncommonly heavy loss when we did not have over 3000 men in the fight. A loss of 10 per ct. is regarded as great, but ours was but little less than on fourth. My Regt. sustained the greatest loss, the killed and wounded alone being a little less than one fourth, and including the missing is a little less than one third. The northern papers speak of the terrible slaughter on their side in front of the stone fence behind which I had my Brigade. I learn that at this point the 5th Ohio Regt. was nearly [ruined]--they were a part of the rascals who aided in chasing us from Laurel Hill.","The conduct of the late North western army (Loring's) [missing words] the fight, is spoken of by the Genl. in high terms of praise. There is a difficulty with Genl. Garnett who commanded the Stonewall Brigade, but I can't speak of particulars. Genl. Winder is now in command of that Brigade.","Our men are in fine spirits and I think will fight as well now as they did at Winchester, although they feel sad, when they think of the fall of their comrades. Our flagstaff was shot down, but the flag bearer instantly raised it again and kept it floating throughout the fight. The days work hurt my horse worse than anything which he has gone through. He was under the saddle from daylight till 11 at night and was greatly excited. The reports of the guns did not scare him, but the whistling of the balls and particularly the minnie ball excited him to the highest pitch. He has not yet recovered. You will see many exaggerated accounts of the fight in the papers. If we can't get a better and more substantial reputation than a mere newspaper one, I don't want [missing words].\nI told Judge Parker [missing words] stay with you at nights during court. He is a refugee and I want to do all for him that I can. Tell Selina that here she can't write to Abe, she can write to me. Try and get the fence put up in some way. Send the enclosed to Mr. Belkin for Judge Camden. Write soon. Love to Mother \u0026 S. \nYour brother, Saml. V. Fulkerson.","Official Report of the Battle of McDowell, May 8th, 1862","Head Qrs. 37 Regt. VA. Vols. Mason's Cabins, Augusta Co., Va.   \n16 May 1862","Sir- \nIn making my official report of the part borne by my Regt in the battle near McDowell on the 8th inst., I have to say; that when I was ordered to the field, being about one mile distant, I had to pass on a portion of the way, up a very rocky \u0026 brushy hollow, which embarrassed the advance of my men greatly, and it being nothing but a defile, and the men having to advance in a single file, the Regt. necessarily stretched out over a long line. They were also much annoyed on the march after entering the field, by the shell from one of the enemies guns. ","When I reached the line of battle at the head of my Regt. (marching by flank) Brig. Genl. Taliaferro informed me that the enemy were endeavoring to turn our right flank by passing over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va Vols were there to prevent the flank movement \u0026 he ordered me to support the 31st. I at once filed into the woods, but not knowing the position of either the 31st or of the enemy, for they were not at that time firing, I got in between the two, but nearer the enemy. On halting to put my men in line, I found that I had with me only my two front companies, Co. A Capt. Terry \u0026 Co. F. Capt. Graham. In pushing forward up the ravine two companies got ahead of the others, and when the remainder got to the line of battle, I with the two first were in the woods. As soon as I formed the two companies I ordered them to give a shout which they did with a hearty good will, and we charged down the hill directly at the enemy, and when we got within forty or fifty yards of him he broke and fled, when we instantly opened fire upon them as they ran. He did not stop running till he got entirely out of the woods around the hill.","When the remainder of the Regt. reached the line of battle in the field they joined in the fight there, but after awhile Maj. Williams brought a portion of it to me in the woods, not knowing that I might be hard pressed there. But before he reached me the woods were clear of the enemy, and I marched all back to the main fight in the field.","When I got on our line it was nearly dark and we could only see the outline of the enemy on the hill side below us, \u0026 that soon disappeared, when we could only direct our fire by the flash of the enemy's guns. The fight was kept up till 9 at night when the enemy withdrew, leaving us in full possession of the field. During the fight some of my men were out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded. ","I have to report the loss of some good officers and brave men. Capt. Terry, a gallant man and model officer, was severely wounded in the leg. Lieuts. Wilhelm, May, Dye, and Fletcher were badly wounded, and the two latter have since died. These Lieuts were young officers, but they nobly did their duty. All of my officers and men who went upon the field acted in the most gallant manner, and it would be unjust to discriminate by name, except in the case of the wounded.* The loss of my Regt. is thirty nine killed and wounded and one missing, a list of whom I herewith enclose.","I feel indebted to Surgeon Hinkle and Asst. Surgeon Butler for their prompt and untiring attention to the wounded. My Acting Adjt. C.T. Duncan also deserves special mention for the manner in which he discharged his duties upon the field.","I cannot close this report without saying that my chaplain the Revd. A.B. Carrington deserves the highest praise for his conduct during and since the fight. He was struck by a spent ball, and although it made him very sick for awhile, he was and continued to be unremitting in his attention to the wounded.","Respectfully \nSaml. V. Fulkerson Col. 37 Va. Vols \nCapt Wm. B. Pendleton  AAAGenl. 3d Brigade. V.D.","*I am especially indebted to Maj. T.V. Williams for gallantry and good conduct throughout the fight. He was of great benefit in placing the men in their proper positions.","Camp at Mason's Cabins. Augusta Co.  16 May 1862 ","Dear Kate \nIt has been a good while since I wrote and the reason is that I have not had an opportunity of writing, and I feel little like it now. We have been constantly marching, fighting and watching for more than a month, and the consequence is that we are all nearly broken down, with fatigue, loss of sleep and irregularity in eating. But his being the day set apart by the President for humiliation and prayer, Genl. Jackson has ordered his army to observe it, and to abstain from all military duty, and that divine service be had in all of the Regts. But as it is now and has been raining for two days, there will be little chance for preaching out of doors.","I believe that I wrote you from Meecham's River Depot in Albemarle Co. A portion of the Regt. took the cars there for Staunton and the remainder marched on to the side of the Blue Ridge where they went on to the cars and got to Staunton about day, not having eaten anything or slept any since the night before. We stayed at Staunton that {night} and left the next day in this direction. We joined Genl. Johnson's (Alleghany) forces about six miles from Staunton. The enemy had one Regt at the east foot of the Shenandoah mountains near this place. This we came near surprising and taking with four pieces of their cannon. But they escaped, leaving all of their baggage and camp equipage and commissary stores in our hands. They fled cross the mountain to the western foot where they had two other Regts, which became alarmed \u0026 fled leaving everything, and all fell back to McDowell where their main body (Genl. Milroy in command) was stationed.","We then went into camp and on the morning of the 8th we moved towards McDowell. This is a village in Highland county about thirty miles from Staunton and ten from Monterey. Genl Johnson with his brigade was sent forward as the advance and our Brigade (10th, 23rd, and 37th Va. Vols) followed. When within about a mile of McDowell light skirmishing began, which was kept up till evening, we in the mean time having been halted about a mile in the rear. In the evening our advance Brigade and the enemy became engaged in a general fight and we were ordered forward at a double quick. A portion of the way over which we had to go was up a very rocky and brushy hollow, and when we reached our line of battle we were nearly out of breath. All along the way we were exposed to the enemy's file by their shooting at our advance and the balls striking among and around us. The whistling of the bullets excited my horse so much that he became unmanageable and I had to send him to the rear before I got upon the field. When I got on the field I asked the Genl. where my Regt. should be placed, when he said that the enemy were trying to turn our right flank over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va. was there for the purpose of holding them back and that I must support the 31st. I at once double quicked into the woods. When I got there I found that I had but two companies (Capt. Terry's \u0026 Capt. Graham's) in consequence of my having hurried the front up the hollow so fast that they left the remainder behind and out of sight. One of the enemy's cannon was also brought to bear upon the Regt. which also embarrassed the rear. I did not know the position either of the 31st or the enemy in the woods, as they were not firing. The consequence was that I entered the woods between the two, but nearer the enemy. ","I at once formed my two companies, gave them the order to raise a shout, which they did very lustily, and we charged down the hill right at the foe. They stood till we got within forty or fifty yards of them when they broke and fled and we opened fire upon them as they ran. We ran them entirely out of the woods. Our movement was so sudden and unexpected that the enemy seemed to be surprised and much frightened. It seemed like a bold move, but I think it was the best for my men, as I only lost two men wounded (one of them mortally) at this point. The remainder of the Regt. not knowing where I was went into the main fight when they came upon the field, but after a while a portion of them we ordered to join me in the woods which they did, but there being no enemy in the woods at this time I took them all back and entered the fight in the field.","It was nearly dark and we could only see the outlines of the enemy, which was soon lost \u0026 we had to fire by the flash of their guns. The fight lasted till 9 oclk at night, when the enemy withdrew leaving us in possession of the field. The ground selected by the foe was well chosen and particularly advantageous in a night fight. The enemy had been reinforced the day before by Genl Schenck with three or four thousand men, and they fought obstinately. At one time they approached through the bushes to within 20 yards of two of my companies, but were driven back, leaving their flag bearer and flag upon the field. This was an Ohio Rgt. (32nd). I had the wounded flag bearer taken up \u0026 sent back with my wounded, but I believe he died next day. The flag was so torn to pieces that my men took some of it and some other men some. Col. Campbell's Regt. got into the fight about dark and the remainder of his Brigade did not get in at all I believe. The Stonewall Brigade, being several miles off, did not get on the field till after the fight was over.","I lost forty men in killed and wounded. Some of the wounded have since died, and others are dangerous. Three have had their legs amputated. We stayed upon the field nearly all night gathering up and sending off the killed and wounded. The 12th Geo. Regt. suffered most terribly. They were in the advance and ordered to hold a very exposed position. They lost about 180 men killed and wounded. After their ammunition gave out, they lay down and held the place at the point of the bayonet. Many of my men got out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded, and in that way kept them shooting. We had no cannon in the fight. After the dead were collected on the field and laid in rows of then or fifteen, the dim moonlight gave to their countenances an unusual unearthly appearance. Our loss in officers is heavy, and I think that our whole loss is not less than 400. Genl. Johnson was wounded. Col. Gibbons of the 10th was killed. He was one of the best men I ever saw. Maj. Campbell (James C.) was wounded before he got on the field, but I think not dangerously.","I cannot tell what the enemy's loss was. They left some on the field, some in McDowell and scattered along at other places. Immediately after the fight the enemy burned all their baggage and stores at McDowell and retreated. At daylight they had all gone, and we started in pursuit. We followed three days march and came up with their rear at Franklin in Pendleton Co. We skirmished with them over a day, when we were ordered back, I do not know for what cause. It was reported that Genl. Fremont had brought on reinforcements and that a portion of Rosencranz force had joined Milroy. But I do not know that these reasons influenced Genl. Jackson. I do not know where we are going to, but think that we will not go to Staunton.","I received your letter enclosing copies of Abe's \u0026 Arthur's. I am very anxious to hear what Abe's fate has been. Write about him and Ike. Mr. Carrington is going to preach, and I do not feel like writing more. He was struck by a spent ball in the fight, but it only made him sick for awhile. Write soon and direct to Staunton. My love to Mother and Selina. I have heard nothing from J. Vance since I last wrote. \nYour brother Saml. V. Fulkerson","Head Quarters 3 Brigade, Valley District   \nCamp near Winchester, VA \n28 May 1862  ","Sir- \nIn making my report of the part acted by the 3rd Brigade in the battle near Winchester on the 25th inst., I have to say that on the morning of the 24th the Brigade left its bivouac four miles south of Front Royal at daylight and marched to Middletown, and thence down the main valley Pike in the direction of Winchester. Owing to delay occasioned by the enemy's skirmishers embarrassing the advance of the head of the column, daylight cam upon us near Kernstown, after which we quickly advanced to the mills south of Winchester, at which time a vigorous fire was going on between our own and the enemy's batteries.","I was ordered to file my Brigade to the left of the Pike and take position under shelter of a hill for the purpose of supporting one of our batteries. I was also ordered to report to Genl. Winder who was already upon the ground. I placed the 23rd \u0026 37th Va. Vols in the position indicated, when Genl Winder ordered me to occupy a wooded hill in an adjoining field, with one Regt, which position he informed me, the enemy were on the move to occupy. I at once ordered Col. Warren with the 10th Va Vols to take position on the hill which he quickly did. In a short time Genl. Winder ordered me to place another Regt. on the hill with the 10th, when I ordered Maj. Williams to march the 37th there which he did with dispatch. ","During all of the time of these movements, and in fact from the time when the Brigade first entered the field, it was exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries and long range small arms. After these movements had been executed Col. Taliaferro was ordered to move the 23rd forward and charge a battery of the enemy in his front. He pushed forward with his Regt. in gallant style. But in the meantime Genl. Taylor's Louisiana Brigade had come upon the field, formed and moved in the direction of the enemy, coming up upon the left of Col. Taliaferro.  The 37th \u0026 10th followed immediately after Genl. Taylor's Brigade. On rushing the top of the ridge on which the enemy's batteries had been placed, a sharp musketry fire ensued, but soon a general charge was made by our whole line when the enemy gave way and fled precipitately through Winchester in the wildest confusion. We followed in immediate pursuit on the Martinsburg road, for four miles from Winchester, where we were halted. A list of the casualties is herewith furnished, from which it will be seen that the loss of the Brigade is, comparatively, very light.","Col. Taliaferro commanding the 23rd, Col Warren commanding the 10th and Maj. Williams commanding the 37th acted in the most gallant \u0026 efficient manner. I refer to the reports of Col. Taliaferro, Col. Warren, \u0026 Maj. Williams for the conduct of the officers \u0026 men of their respective Regts. I with pride bear testimony to the gallant conduct of the whole Brigade both officers and men.","I am indebted to Capt. Wm. B. Pendleton A.A.A. Genl. for his gallant conduct and prompt and cheerful manner with which he executed my orders. Capt Wooding's battery was not placed in position during the day. Respectfully \nSaml V. Fulkerson \nCol. Comd. Brigd.","Port Republic, Rockingham Co.  \n8 [June] 1862 ","Dear Kate \nThe place at which this letter is written is a pretty village near the foot of the Blue Ridge and about twelve miles from Harrisonburg, at the junction of the North and South Rivers, which form the Shenandoah.","I wrote you last from Winchester shortly after our arrival there, giving you an account of our march and proceedings up to that time. Since then we have undergone and almost incredible amount of hardship. We stayed at Winchester two days after taking the place and then proceeded to Charles Town and Harper's Ferry. We found a few of the enemy at Charles Town, but soon drove them down to the Ferry, where they made a stand having been largely re-enforced from Washington \u0026 elsewhere. The enemy were in position on Bolivar Heights on the Va. side and on the heights on the Maryland side of the river. Both of these positions had been fortified by Genl. Johnston last summer.","A portion of our forces crossed the Shenandoah river and took possession of Louden Heights. This was in the evening, a brisk cannonading going on, which was renewed the next morning, and continued till the enemy was driven from the Bolivar across the Potomac. About this time Genl. Jackson received information that Genl. Shields was crossing the Blue Ridge and Genl. Fremont was coming from Moorfield to form a junction at Strasburg and thus cut us off. This placed us in the hardest place that we have ever yet been. Genl. Jackson immediately ordered us to march back. We had about fifty miles to make to pass Strasburg, and our men were already terribly broken down by continued and hard marching. We marched to our camps near Winchester that night and next morning at day light started to Strasburg, which we reached before night. We had now marched about 70 miles in less than three days, in going to and returning from Harpers Ferry.","Gen. Shields was now at [Front] Port Royal, some 8 or 9 miles from Strasburg, and Genl. Fremont was 7 miles from Strasburg on the Moorefield road. So you see that we had only a gap of about 15 miles wide to get out at. During Saturday night I received an order from Genl. Jackson (I was still in command of our Brigade) to proceed next morning (Sunday) at daylight, some two or three miles on the Moorefield road, take position and resist the advance of the enemy. Before I could get a position, our scouts informed me that the enemy was advancing, when I hurried forward to a suitable position, and made disposition of my own and two other Brigades which were for the time under my command.","I sent forward a company of cavalry, which soon returned at the top of their speed with the enemy's cavalry close after them. We drove these back, but in a very short time the enemy's infantry came down the road and through the woods at double quick, and when they got within range halted and opened a brisk fire upon us, which was kept up for some time when they were driven back again. By this time Gen. Ewell came upon the field and assumed command of the whole. After the enemy's infantry were driven back, they placed two pieces of cannon in position and the two forces kept up a very pretty and brisk artillery duel for an hour or more, when the enemy withdrew from the field. After this Genl Jackson came out and said that he did not want to bring on a general engagement then, and ordered us to fall back towards Strasburg. I do not think that we had more than 10 or 15 men killed and wounded. My Regt. had none hurt.","[At this point, according to the sentence below, the date is now June 10th]\nA little after dark we left Strasburg for Woodstock to which place the waggon had been sent, and we had a terrible march. (This writing above was suddenly stopped about 8 oclk on Sunday morning last by the enemies cannon, and I will now try to finish on this the 10th). We got to Woodstock about daylight, all broken completely down and seemingly half dead. We were dogged all night by the enemy's cavalry, and I know that they picked up many of our broken down stragglers. I have between thirty and forty men missing, most I fear were taken. It is not to be wondered at. Many of the poor fellows actually walked much of that weary night, fast asleep, so worn out and exhausted were they with their terrible duty. I do not think that our Genl. exercised due diligence in getting his captured stores to a secure place. There was a vast amount of them, the greater portion of which he saved. But Genl. Shields made his appearance so suddenly at Front Royal that a portion of the stores captured there were retaken together with some of our wagons.","We marched from Woodstock to near Harrisonburg, and the next day to near Port Republic, which place we reached on Saturday evening. I thought the next day, being Sunday, that we would rest, and I began to write this letter, when I was stopped by the roar of cannon down at the town. The town is located in the fork of the two rivers, the north and larger branch being bridged, the other not. The enemy's cavalry had dashed into town, with two pieces of artillery, one of which they planted at the end of the bridge, and with a third they began a fire from the opposite side of the river. Genl Jackson was in town and was taken completely by surprise and came near being captured. ","We were camped about three quarters of a mile from town on the north side of the river. The enemy (Genl Shields force) had come up the river on the south side from Elk Run. In a very short time we were ordered to double quick to the bridge. My Regt. was just in the act of forming for inspection, and we got the start of the others. We passed through a wheat field with the enemy's gun from the other side of the river playing upon us. When we got to the top of the hill near the bridge the gun at the other end opened with grape upon us. My men returned the fire, when Genl. Jackson ordered me to charge through the bridge and take the gun. I led off and my men followed. We rushed through the bridge, captured the gun, and pursued the enemy through the town and until he crossed the south branch. I could have captured the other cannon in town, but I did not know of but one ford. We rushed to that, but found the enemy crossing higher up. We opened fire on them, killing some horses and two or three men and taking six or eight prisoners.","Charging in at one end of a bridge with a cannon yawning in at the other is no very pleasant past time. But my men went in so well, that it elicited the praise of the Genl. and all who witnessed it. When we got to the cannon, the smoke of the last fire was still issuing from its mouth. We charged them so quickly and so vigorously that my loss was little. Yancey Smith (brother of the Capt) of Russell was killed, and Sergt. E. Johnson and Walter James of Capt. Terry's company each had a thigh badly broken. I fear that Johnson is mortally wounded. We had put some of our artillery in position, which soon silenced the enemy's guns on the opposite side of the river, and drove them back, and they did not again advance on that day.","While this was going on, Genl. Fremont made an attack on our forces next to Harrisonburg. Our Brigade was ordered to hold the bridge and town against Genl. Shields, which we did, but could hear the fight on the other side, which lasted till nearly night with heavy loss on both sides. Our loss in officers was considerable. Genls Elzey \u0026 Stewart were wounded, though I think not dangerously. Our men drove the enemy back about a mile and held possession of the field during the night, having captured more than 100 prisoners.","On our march the day before from Harrisonburg, Fremont pressed our rear very hardly, and our protection subjected us to the heaviest and saddest loss that we have sustained in the valley. Ashby (but a short time a Brigadier) was killed. He had just made a brilliant charge on the enemy, capturing a Col, Maj., and a number of prisoners. Afterwards and about dark he was leading on foot (his horse having been killed), on Infantry Regt. when he was shot through the heart, and the saddest part of it is, that it is generally believed that he was shot by our own men. He was the most gallant man I ever saw, and withal a good man. When Ashby was between us and the enemy we felt perfectly secure against any surprise, and he was always on the enemy's heels. They had great fear of him. He kept them in constant dread. His place cannot be filled, and his death cast a gloom over the whole army. He had performed more feats of daring and had done more hard and perilous service than any man in the army.","As I have placed Sundays proceedings before Saturday, I will now pass over to Monday. During Sunday our train had been sent on the road towards Waynesboro in Augusta Co. But on Sunday night Genl. Jackson threw a foot bridge across the north branch, ordered his train to turn back and take the road through Brown's Gap into Albemarle, and by a little after sun rise he had the greater portion of his army across the foot bridge and marching against Genl. Shields force, which camped the night before in sight of us about three miles off. Our Brigade and Genl. Trimble's were ordered to hold the large bridge and to resist the advance of Fremont. Our force and Shield's soon became hotly engaged, and the fight became a very hard one. Our men were being severely pressed and suffering a great loss, when Genl Jackson galloped back and ordered me to move forward my Regt at double quick, which I did. He also had the other two Regt of the Brigade ordered forward. ","When I got upon the field, and was putting my men in position for action, the enemy gave way and we rushed forward, passing his battery which he abandoned, having first killed all the horses. In coming up we received a sharp fire. The enemy rallied and partially formed, but we kept on and they gave way again, and commenced a general run, and scatterment. My Regt happened to get in advance, and hounds never pursued a fox with more eagerness than they pursued the flying yankees. Some kept the road and some took the bushes, all intent on capturing a yankee. We captured about 400 prisoners most of whom were taken by my men, among them a number of officers from Col down. We also captured two Regimental flags, all of the enemies artillery (seven or eight guns), all of his ambulances \u0026 c., and a number of small arms.","The Infantry followed about six miles, and the cavalry having come up followed about six further. My men performed many individual acts of bravery one of which I notice, and you may send it to the Abingdon paper for publication. The rout was complete and entire. The prisoners say that Genl. Shields was not present, but that Genl Tyler was in command. We captured a number of our old acquaintances, the 5th Ohio, and our boys were glad to meet with them. After our Brigade crossed the north branch, Genl. Trimble crossed the large bridge and then set fire to it \u0026 burned it down. In a short time Genl. Fremont appeared at the burnt bridge, but could do nothing but listen to the fight and pursuit. On our return from the pursuit we quietly passed within plain view of Genl Fremont's camp, and marched to this place on the Blue Ridge, where we are staying today.","Our camp extends back to within four or five miles of Port Republic. Men were worse mangled in this fight than any that I have been in. Heads \u0026 limbs off and bodies torn open were frequent sights for several miles. ","On Sunday night Capt. Jno. Preston \u0026 Lieut. Jno Humes with fifty men were sent out on picket and were left out when we went into the fight on Monday. After Fremont made his appearance I sent back my Regt to bring in the picket, but he thought that he could not get to them, and come back about midnight last night. I have heard nothing from them since, but think and hope that they have gone to Staunton or Waynesboro, about 18 miles off. I am not in the habit of gathering spoils on the field, but one of me brought me a Col's horse, saddle, bridle \u0026 c. Another gave me a very pretty sword. The horse belonged to Col. Lewis of Pa. He has been a fine horse, but is getting old and is not a good riding horse. I also got the Col's Regimental flag.","You will see from this narrative that we have had a very active and exciting time. We have fought on three Sundays in succession, which will do pretty well for a religious Genl. I got Selina's letter the other day \u0026 will write her when I can. Write soon to Staunton. Don't know when we will go next. Love to Mother \u0026 Selina. \nYour brother \nS.V. Fulkerson ","Mr. F.M. Fulkerson ","Sir- \nIn reply to your letter of the 7th ult. permit me to say that Col. S.V. Fulkerson was an officer of distinguished worth. I deeply felt his death. He rendered valuable service to his country, and had he lived, would probably have been recommended by me before this time for a brigadier generalcy. So far as my knowledge extends, he enjoyed the confidence of his regiment and all who knew him.","I am Sir your obdt. servt  \nT.J. Jackson","V.M. Institute June 4th 1853","Dear Sister, \nI recd your letter the 28th of May. I was very glad to hear that were so well pleased with your school. I suppose that you will come home before you teach another session if you do so at all, Father wrote to me the other day for the first time, they are all well at home Father has sold his mare and bought a buggy, I suppose that he will quit riding horse back and splurge in his buggy for a while, your old Mister Brown was kicked by a horse the other day and broke his leg, his family had bad luck lately.","We will have a great ball on the if nothing happens they are prepareing tolerably rapidly now, the tickets came yesterday. I sent you one of them, I know you will be certain to come or else I would not send it to you","The examination will commence the 20th of June, Sam is on the Board again they meet about the 15th, I have some faint hopes of passing, but it is verry doubtful  I tell you, you must write to me oftener","Your affectionate Brother \nAbram Fulkerson","Virginia Military Institute \nApr 14 1854","Dear Mother \nI recd your letter a few days ago or weeks I am not certain which but however I have not had time to answer it until to day.","I have nothing very new or of much importance to write to you. Circuit court is going on at present in Lexington They are trying Christian the man that killed Cadet Blackburn  there has been a great deal of excitement with the people since it commenced  there is a great many of C. friends attending the trial. I suppose from all accounts that he will be hung","There was another murder committed in town a few weeks ago almost as bad as B's, a man by the name of Winn killed the proprietor of the Washington Hotel, his name was Moore they had a falling out the day he was killed some five or six hours before the fight occurred.  Winn went to his (Moore's) house that night about ten o'clock and called him out into the street + stabbed him through the heart with a knife the knife cut his heart very near into two pieces. He died in a few minutes afterwards. There is two other men in jail for shooting men besides all of this there was a negro hung in Lexington a few weeks ago for the same offence, but it did not appear to have much affect. It seems like Lexington is going to turn out to be one of the most corrupt and immoral places in the State of Virginia.","Virginia wrote to me a few days ago. Sister Alice and the children are all well.  Virginia say she likes her new home very well considering the short time that she has been there.  She did not say whether she was going to school any more at Rogersville or not.","I wrote to Sam sometime ago to know whether I had better go home this summer or put it off until next. He says he thinks I had better stay another year before I go home and indeed I thought so myself  was the reason I wrote to him about it. Therefore I will not have the opportunity of coming home til next July year. I would be very glad if I could come next year but taking every thing into consideration I think it will be best to stay here another year.","I heard from Catherine lately. She is getting along about as common I believe I understand that Frank is going to marry before long. But I do not know whether it is true or not. Dr. Walker's son was here the other day on his way home from Philadelphia. He has been taking medical lessons there, I had a long talk with him.  e stayed in town one day and night. I must bring my letter to a close as I have nothing more to write, tell Balf and Jim to write to me.","Your affectionate Son, \nA. Fulkerson","Cumberland Gap \nMay 18, 1863\n \nMy dear wife- \nYour last kind letter was recd by friday's mail. Your dear letters are my greatest pleasure and do away in a great measure with the horror of separation. The frequency with which we can communicate with each other is a rich blessing and brings us as if we're almost together.","One of our pickets came in the other day and reported that a Mr. Davis was at the lines and desired to enter. This report took me very much by surprise, for although you had mentioned the probability of his coming yet I did not look for him. He only stayed a few hours. After dinner (a very poor one without apology to him) I went [around] to show him some of the curiosities of Cumberland Gap, which he seemed to think would compensate any one for making the visit. He went back up the valley and expected to get home by Wednesday next. Will see you Sunday, if not sooner.","The intelligence of the death of Gen. Jackson came upon us like a shock. We feel that his death is a national calamity. The poorest soldiers among us appreciated his worth - loved the man, and mourn his loss. I knew him well.1  He was my preceptor for more than four years and whilst during that time I did not appreciate the man, as school [schoolboys?]are not like to do, yet I always had great reverence for the man on account of his piety \u0026 uprightness of character. Among the many heroes of this revolution, none have lived so much adored, none have died so much deplored, and none have left a character as spotless as that of Stonewall Jackson. Could his life have been spared till the close of this cruel war, the unanimous voice of a grateful people would have proclaimed him chief ruler of the nation. But God has seen proper to take him from us, and what He does is right and for the best. It is [illegible] therefore that we make the sacrifice cheerfully, th'o we cannot see why our country should be deprived of his services at his her hour of greatest need.","I have no news of importance more than you will see in the papers. The news from Ky is vague and unreliable. It is reported and believed that there are three or four Regmts at Barboursville, 30 miles distant. That Burnsides is preparing to invade E. Tenn. on a large scale there seems no longer to be any doubt. A southern woman the wife of a Lincolnite told Mrs. Patterson today that a runner had just come across the mountain to tell the Union people, they must stay at home, that the Feds would be in, in about three weeks, that where they were found absent it would be an evidence of disloyalty. I will not be surprised if they make an effort about that time.","Mr. Patterson started to the R.R. today - is going to the salt works. I asked him to stop and see you all, but he would not promise. No prospect of any goods yet. Do you want any money? When you need money or any thing else you must not fail to let me know. My love to mother \u0026 Kate. Write often,\nYour affectionate husband \nAF","Field Officers Barracks, Ft. Delaware May 7 1865 ","My dear wife","I have not heard directly from you since the 4th of Feb. Your letter was directed to Ft. Pulaski. I received on my way here at Hilton Head S.C. Since that time we have passed through the most eventful period of the war. The closing scenes are being enacted, and with hearts overwhelmed with grief \u0026 sadness we bow in deep humiliation in their contemplation. The present, thank God, is only the \"beginning of the end.\" The military power of the South is broken, the spirit is not. The ball has been put in motion by the people of the South, an impetus has been given it, which will eventually result in the destruction of the U.S. Government and if not in the independence of the South, certainly in the disenthrallment of her people. Ten years will see us under the protecting wing of a foreign power, or independent.","I expect to meet you soon, not crowned with the laurels of victory but with the oath crammed down my throat, a quiescent citizen of the United States. I have the sweet consolation of being conscious of having served the cause faithfully. I sacrificed everything but life, and hazarded that, many times \u0026 in many ways, in behalf of my country. I have not the slightest fear that any man can ever point at me the finger of scorn and say \"you done it.\" I have performed my duty and now abandon the cause as (at present) hopeless, without in the least having changed my opinion as to the justness of that cause. I go now to share with the people of the south the deep humiliation which will be dictated by yankee vindictiveness.","I have heard from you thr'o your father up to March 1st. Receive letters from him often. Says he will send you money \u0026 c thr'o Mr. Armstrong. Hope you may have no difficulty in getting along. I cannot tell when I will be released, but probably soon. My love to Kate. Tell the boy, I'll be home soon. Your affect. husband. A. Fulkerson P.W.","Officers Barracks  \nFt. Delaware  \nMay 13, 1865 ","My dear wife- \nYour esteemed letter of the 17th April, via Knoxville reached me a few days since. I cannot express my gratification at learning that you were all well, and living. The terrible events which have transpired in the Confederacy within the past two months, and my great anxiety about you, taken together, had rendered me very unhappy, indeed wretched.","The last letter but one from you was dated 4th Feb and recd at Hilton Head S.C. the day after our departure from Ft. Pulaski. I have written you several times since my arrival here, via Richmond. About a week ago I sent you a letter to the care of Mr. Armstrong, but as I was in a very unhappy humor about them \"Cause\" it is probable that much that I said was too harsh and \"contraband\" and caused the\"confiscation\" of the letter. ","We left Ft. Pulaski on the 4th March, ordered by Genrl. Grant to be exchanged. When we reached Old Point active operations had commenced on the James, were sent here. The result of the campaign was disastrous to our aims. It has ended our hopes for exchange, if not for liberty itself. I cannot talk about our misfortunes in a letter, but must wait till I see you. It seems at present, that the only means of getting out of prison, is by taking the oath. It is probable therefore I will return to you soon, not crowned with victorious laurels, but as a loyal subject (overpowered) of the U.S. I do not know whether you would recognize me as a citizen or not, perhaps you may, if necessity forces it upon me.","I hear from your father often. He wrote me he was making arrangements to send you money \u0026 clothing th'ro Mr. Armstrong. I hope it will not be inconvenient for Kate to keep you with her til I am released. My health is now very good. Your affectionate husband. A. Fulkerson.  \nLove to Mrs. H and the boy (as you may not receive this for months, I will say our boy)","The collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr.          (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include:\n Civil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862) Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862) Wartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war. A letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle \nIn addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include:\n Battles of Port Republic and Kernstown Death of Turner Ashby Refugee and civilian life Camp life References to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death \nAlso included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.","Written from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia. Topics include family news and talks of Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s first days at VMI and encourages him to study, stating \"you now have a chance of getting a better education and of\ndoing more for yourself than any of your brothers have ever had an opportunity of getting or doing for themselves, and if you do not turn you chance to good advantage it will be your own fault.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Topics include Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s progress at VMI and family news.","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI examinations and grades. Samuel V. Fulkerson warns Abram Fulkerson, Jr. about the excessive number of demerits and cautions about leaving school, stating \"I do not like to hear you expressing a desire to resign. You know that a great part of your expense is paid by the state, and that you have undertaken to teach two years in the state as a sort of recompense. You will not forget this obligation.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI finances and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s \"unkind conduct.\"","Letter regards a recent trip and family news.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards Civil War news and concerns for family.","Written from camp near New Market, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Kernstown, Virginia.","Report after the Battle of McDowell, Virginia. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment.","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and a recent battle.","Report written to Major R. L. Dabney. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment in the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Typescript copy. The letter discusses the character of General Stonewall Jackson and the events at the Battle of Port Republic, Virginia.","In the letter, Stonewall Jackson extends condolences after the death of Samuel V. Fulkerson.","Appointment to the VMI Board of Visitors (1853) and to judgeship (1857).","This series includes letters two letters and one letter fragment written while Abram Fulkerson, Jr. was a cadet at VMI and three letters written during his Civil War service.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news, the military ball, and exams. The letter includes an invitation to the military ball.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news and the trial of Charles Christian for the murder of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Cumberland Gap. Letter regards the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and defeat of the South.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and being exchanged.","This series contains financial and business papers, and genealogical information.","This series consists of three items of correspondence, including:\n Letter from Margaret Fulkerson (Vance) to Mrs. Jane Preston (dated October 24, 1835) Letter from J. S. Bradley to his cousin Harriet Fulkerson (dated July 24, 1847) Letter from Dolly Bradley to Harriet Fulkerson (dated February 27, 1848) ","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Williams, Titus V. (Titus Vespasian), 1835-1908","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0363","/repositories/3/resources/596"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns"],"creator_ssm":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"creator_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"creators_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 37th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 10th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","Confederate States of America. Army—Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 63rd","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1857","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1884","Virginia Military Institute—Board of Visitors","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","Port Republic, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Kernstown, Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Winchester, 1st Battle of (Virginia : May 25, 1862)","McDowell, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 37th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 10th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","Confederate States of America. Army—Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 63rd","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1857","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1884","Virginia Military Institute—Board of Visitors","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","Port Republic, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Kernstown, Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Winchester, 1st Battle of (Virginia : May 25, 1862)","McDowell, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 50 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 50 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany items from this collection, including the Civil War material, are \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200363/mode/exact\"\u003e available in full-text format\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Many items from this collection, including the Civil War material, are   available in full-text format"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862) was born in Washington County, Virginia to Colonel Abram Fulkerson, Sr. and Margaret Laughlin Vance on October 21, 1822. As a young man he undertook the study of law, and in late 1846 he obtained his license and opened a practice in southwestern Virginia. He served in the United States Army during the Mexican War (1847-1848), and subsequently returned to  practice of law in Estillville and Abingdon, Virginia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial district and held this position until the beginning of the Civil War. He was a member of the VMI Board of Visitors from 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 37th Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed in the Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia on June 26, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAbram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902) was born on May 13, 1834 in Washington County, Virginia and was the younger brother of Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862). He graduated from VMI in 1857, and after a brief career as a teacher, went on to study law. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment and was a prisoner of war (one of the \"Immortal 600\"). After the War he continued the practice law and was active in politics, serving in the Virginia legislature and in the United States          Congress. He 1862 he married Selina Johnson, of Clarksville,  Tennessee, and the couple had nine children, including Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), VMI Class of 1884. Abram Fulkersonm, Jr. died on December 17, 1902 in Bristol, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926) was born on October 22, 1863 in Abingdon, Virginia to Abram Fulkerson, Jr. and Selina Johnson. He graduated from VMI in 1884 and subsequently studied law at the University of Virginia. He was a lawyer (partner in the firm of Fulkerson and Davis in Bristol, Virginia) and served two terms as City Attorney. During the Spanish-American War (1898- 1899) he was a member of the Fourth Tennessee Regiment, United States Volunteers. In 1904 he married Lura Bradley of Sherman, Texas, and the couple had twin sons in April 1906. He died on July 2, 1926 in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is buried at East Hill Cemetery, Bristol.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862) was born in Washington County, Virginia to Colonel Abram Fulkerson, Sr. and Margaret Laughlin Vance on October 21, 1822. As a young man he undertook the study of law, and in late 1846 he obtained his license and opened a practice in southwestern Virginia. He served in the United States Army during the Mexican War (1847-1848), and subsequently returned to  practice of law in Estillville and Abingdon, Virginia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial district and held this position until the beginning of the Civil War. He was a member of the VMI Board of Visitors from 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 37th Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed in the Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia on June 26, 1862.","Abram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902) was born on May 13, 1834 in Washington County, Virginia and was the younger brother of Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862). He graduated from VMI in 1857, and after a brief career as a teacher, went on to study law. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment and was a prisoner of war (one of the \"Immortal 600\"). After the War he continued the practice law and was active in politics, serving in the Virginia legislature and in the United States          Congress. He 1862 he married Selina Johnson, of Clarksville,  Tennessee, and the couple had nine children, including Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), VMI Class of 1884. Abram Fulkersonm, Jr. died on December 17, 1902 in Bristol, Virginia.","Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926) was born on October 22, 1863 in Abingdon, Virginia to Abram Fulkerson, Jr. and Selina Johnson. He graduated from VMI in 1884 and subsequently studied law at the University of Virginia. He was a lawyer (partner in the firm of Fulkerson and Davis in Bristol, Virginia) and served two terms as City Attorney. During the Spanish-American War (1898- 1899) he was a member of the Fourth Tennessee Regiment, United States Volunteers. In 1904 he married Lura Bradley of Sherman, Texas, and the couple had twin sons in April 1906. He died on July 2, 1926 in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is buried at East Hill Cemetery, Bristol."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinchester\u003cbr\u003e\n9 March 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nNot having written or heard from home for sometime, I will write you a short letter today. You will see from the heading of this that we have not yet gone to Manassas and I cannot tell when we will go. We will not get away, unless Winchester is evacuated, while the present state of things exists here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenl. Banks with his army has been maneuvering about twelve miles in our front for several days. On day before yesterday we thought that we were certainly in for a fight. Banks attacked our outer posts, when we packed our baggage and sent it to the rear, and marched the men on the Martinsburg road about two miles from Winchester, where we drew up and waited for the approach of the enemy. But after skirmishing with our pickets an hour or two, he withdrew again. We lost only one man, but not of my Regt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have not a large force here, and I do not know what Genl. Jackson will do if the enemy advances upon us. All of the public stores have been sent away, and many of the citizens have left. There are a good many here who sympathize with the Yankees, and will be rejoiced if they get possession of Winchester. This is such a beautiful country that I should regret to see it fall into the hands of the Yankees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince we came back from Romney we have had three different encampments. First on the Romney Road, but when the enemy crossed at Harper's Ferry we moved and took position on that road about three miles from Winchester; and on yesterday we moved to this place, which is on the Strasburg road about three and a half miles from Winchester near a village called Kernstown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is doubtful about how much I will write as I have been over six hours in getting this much written. In a letter from Col. Gibson he asked what I wished you and Kate to do in case the enemy got into our county. If they should get in, and you are willing to do so, I think that you had better remain at home. Refugees have a hard time, and when people leave their homes everything is destroyed. Mr. Faulkner (Honl. Charles J.) told me that his wife had saved his property by staying at home. But if it should come to the worst, and you prefer it, leave and let the property go. I care little for the property except on yours and Kate's account. For myself I feel that I have no home so long as it is threatened by the enemy, and I would willingly give up all I have, and commence the world anew without a thing, rather than that the enemy should subjugate us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are very hardly pressed now, and it depends upon the spirit of our people whether we bear up against it, or give way under it. When I see so many men and especially officers shirking duty and who seem to make it a study as to the best manner in which they can get around duty, I almost despair. Many are all the time seeking personal ease or pursuing schemes of personal advancement, and would appear to be willing to sacrifice their country to attain their object. I suppose though that all wars produce the same class of selfish men, and that we must expect to be cursed with them. I do not intend to be troubled hereafter with the reflection that I did not do my duty in this conflict.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI did have some hope that I could go home for a short time this winter, but do not now expect to do so. If I had the permission I would not go now, while we are so near the enemy. Besides, so many of the officers are absent that it would be highly improper for any more to leave. In the absence of Col. Taliaferro I still have command of the 4th Brigade, which now only consists of two regiments and four pieces of artillery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI learn that we have had very high waters in our country and that much damage has been done. I was sorry to hear that Uncle James had lost his dam. I take it that he will not get his mills to running again for some time. If any of the fence about the creek washed away, get Mr. Hughes or some one to help Lee put it up. Today (Sunday) has been a very spring-like one. Citizens say that this has been a very wet winter here and not as much cold as usual, but still the ground has not been clear of snow since the first of Jany. Scarcely any ploughing has been done here yet, and little else in the farming line. See if you can't get meal and flour from Mrs. Hopkins' mill; If not try at some other place. Henry Roberts might furnish you with meal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suffered for two or three weeks with a severe cold, but kept up and am now nearly well again. Jas. Vance is well. He spent this Sunday in building a chimney to his tent. He has said several times that he would not fix up any more. He has built a good many chimneys, but had soon to leave them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to Kate and Selina. Tell Selina that she ought to write to me. You and Kate must write soon, and tell me where Ike and Abe are. Tell Amelia Vance that I will write to her when I can. I have nothing to write about but army movements, but they will have as much interest to you as anything else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour son,\u003cbr\u003e\nSaml. V. Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near New Market\u003cbr\u003e\n3 Apl. 1862 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nA few days ago I wrote you giving some account of our fight near Winchester. Since that time we have been marching up and down the valley, one day falling back before the enemy and the next advancing towards him, skirmishing with him almost daily. He is now in strong force about ten miles off. Genl. Jackson has taken a position here, but whether he will fight at this place or not I am unable to say. If he has sufficient force he would not wait to be attacked.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have been unable to hear from Jas. Vance, though I have [missing word or words] letter to Judge Parker of Winchester about him. I cannot think that he was mortally wounded, from what the men say who put him in the ambulance. I feel very much for Uncle James and family in their repeated bereavements. I miss Jimmy greatly, and would be greatly pleased to hear that his wound is not dangerous. I have seen a list of the prisoners who were taken to Baltimore but Jimmie's name is not among them. However, I am not surprised at this, as the wounded would not for awhile be removed from Winchester. I may yet get some information from Winchester about him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCapt. Cowan (of Russell) died of his wounds. He was a brave man and good officer. James King was as good a soldier as ever entered the line. He went off with Capt. Jones Co., was transferred to Col. Cummings Regt. and then transferred to mine. After the fight was half over, he remarked that \"he was proud of being in the 37th.\" The poor fellow was shot through the head and did not speak afterwards. Leroy Sherman among others was taken prisoner and is in Baltimore. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe [people along the valley] claim our fight as a victory, but it is not so. We attacked a greatly superior forces and were repulsed with heavy loss. If night had not set in we would all have been captured or killed. The enemy's loss was very heavy, for our men fought with desperate courage. our loss is 469 killed and wounded. The killed wounded and missing amount to 689. This is an uncommonly heavy loss when we did not have over 3000 men in the fight. A loss of 10 per ct. is regarded as great, but ours was but little less than on fourth. My Regt. sustained the greatest loss, the killed and wounded alone being a little less than one fourth, and including the missing is a little less than one third. The northern papers speak of the terrible slaughter on their side in front of the stone fence behind which I had my Brigade. I learn that at this point the 5th Ohio Regt. was nearly [ruined]--they were a part of the rascals who aided in chasing us from Laurel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe conduct of the late North western army (Loring's) [missing words] the fight, is spoken of by the Genl. in high terms of praise. There is a difficulty with Genl. Garnett who commanded the Stonewall Brigade, but I can't speak of particulars. Genl. Winder is now in command of that Brigade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur men are in fine spirits and I think will fight as well now as they did at Winchester, although they feel sad, when they think of the fall of their comrades. Our flagstaff was shot down, but the flag bearer instantly raised it again and kept it floating throughout the fight. The days work hurt my horse worse than anything which he has gone through. He was under the saddle from daylight till 11 at night and was greatly excited. The reports of the guns did not scare him, but the whistling of the balls and particularly the minnie ball excited him to the highest pitch. He has not yet recovered. You will see many exaggerated accounts of the fight in the papers. If we can't get a better and more substantial reputation than a mere newspaper one, I don't want [missing words].\nI told Judge Parker [missing words] stay with you at nights during court. He is a refugee and I want to do all for him that I can. Tell Selina that here she can't write to Abe, she can write to me. Try and get the fence put up in some way. Send the enclosed to Mr. Belkin for Judge Camden. Write soon. Love to Mother \u0026amp; S.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother, Saml. V. Fulkerson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficial Report of the Battle of McDowell, May 8th, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHead Qrs. 37 Regt. VA. Vols. Mason's Cabins, Augusta Co., Va.\u003cbr\u003e  \n16 May 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir-\u003cbr\u003e\nIn making my official report of the part borne by my Regt in the battle near McDowell on the 8th inst., I have to say; that when I was ordered to the field, being about one mile distant, I had to pass on a portion of the way, up a very rocky \u0026amp; brushy hollow, which embarrassed the advance of my men greatly, and it being nothing but a defile, and the men having to advance in a single file, the Regt. necessarily stretched out over a long line. They were also much annoyed on the march after entering the field, by the shell from one of the enemies guns. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I reached the line of battle at the head of my Regt. (marching by flank) Brig. Genl. Taliaferro informed me that the enemy were endeavoring to turn our right flank by passing over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va Vols were there to prevent the flank movement \u0026amp; he ordered me to support the 31st. I at once filed into the woods, but not knowing the position of either the 31st or of the enemy, for they were not at that time firing, I got in between the two, but nearer the enemy. On halting to put my men in line, I found that I had with me only my two front companies, Co. A Capt. Terry \u0026amp; Co. F. Capt. Graham. In pushing forward up the ravine two companies got ahead of the others, and when the remainder got to the line of battle, I with the two first were in the woods. As soon as I formed the two companies I ordered them to give a shout which they did with a hearty good will, and we charged down the hill directly at the enemy, and when we got within forty or fifty yards of him he broke and fled, when we instantly opened fire upon them as they ran. He did not stop running till he got entirely out of the woods around the hill.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the remainder of the Regt. reached the line of battle in the field they joined in the fight there, but after awhile Maj. Williams brought a portion of it to me in the woods, not knowing that I might be hard pressed there. But before he reached me the woods were clear of the enemy, and I marched all back to the main fight in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I got on our line it was nearly dark and we could only see the outline of the enemy on the hill side below us, \u0026amp; that soon disappeared, when we could only direct our fire by the flash of the enemy's guns. The fight was kept up till 9 at night when the enemy withdrew, leaving us in full possession of the field. During the fight some of my men were out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have to report the loss of some good officers and brave men. Capt. Terry, a gallant man and model officer, was severely wounded in the leg. Lieuts. Wilhelm, May, Dye, and Fletcher were badly wounded, and the two latter have since died. These Lieuts were young officers, but they nobly did their duty. All of my officers and men who went upon the field acted in the most gallant manner, and it would be unjust to discriminate by name, except in the case of the wounded.* The loss of my Regt. is thirty nine killed and wounded and one missing, a list of whom I herewith enclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI feel indebted to Surgeon Hinkle and Asst. Surgeon Butler for their prompt and untiring attention to the wounded. My Acting Adjt. C.T. Duncan also deserves special mention for the manner in which he discharged his duties upon the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI cannot close this report without saying that my chaplain the Revd. A.B. Carrington deserves the highest praise for his conduct during and since the fight. He was struck by a spent ball, and although it made him very sick for awhile, he was and continued to be unremitting in his attention to the wounded.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully\u003cbr\u003e\nSaml. V. Fulkerson Col. 37 Va. Vols\u003cbr\u003e\nCapt Wm. B. Pendleton  AAAGenl. 3d Brigade. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*I am especially indebted to Maj. T.V. Williams for gallantry and good conduct throughout the fight. He was of great benefit in placing the men in their proper positions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Mason's Cabins. Augusta Co.  16 May 1862 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nIt has been a good while since I wrote and the reason is that I have not had an opportunity of writing, and I feel little like it now. We have been constantly marching, fighting and watching for more than a month, and the consequence is that we are all nearly broken down, with fatigue, loss of sleep and irregularity in eating. But his being the day set apart by the President for humiliation and prayer, Genl. Jackson has ordered his army to observe it, and to abstain from all military duty, and that divine service be had in all of the Regts. But as it is now and has been raining for two days, there will be little chance for preaching out of doors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI believe that I wrote you from Meecham's River Depot in Albemarle Co. A portion of the Regt. took the cars there for Staunton and the remainder marched on to the side of the Blue Ridge where they went on to the cars and got to Staunton about day, not having eaten anything or slept any since the night before. We stayed at Staunton that {night} and left the next day in this direction. We joined Genl. Johnson's (Alleghany) forces about six miles from Staunton. The enemy had one Regt at the east foot of the Shenandoah mountains near this place. This we came near surprising and taking with four pieces of their cannon. But they escaped, leaving all of their baggage and camp equipage and commissary stores in our hands. They fled cross the mountain to the western foot where they had two other Regts, which became alarmed \u0026amp; fled leaving everything, and all fell back to McDowell where their main body (Genl. Milroy in command) was stationed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe then went into camp and on the morning of the 8th we moved towards McDowell. This is a village in Highland county about thirty miles from Staunton and ten from Monterey. Genl Johnson with his brigade was sent forward as the advance and our Brigade (10th, 23rd, and 37th Va. Vols) followed. When within about a mile of McDowell light skirmishing began, which was kept up till evening, we in the mean time having been halted about a mile in the rear. In the evening our advance Brigade and the enemy became engaged in a general fight and we were ordered forward at a double quick. A portion of the way over which we had to go was up a very rocky and brushy hollow, and when we reached our line of battle we were nearly out of breath. All along the way we were exposed to the enemy's file by their shooting at our advance and the balls striking among and around us. The whistling of the bullets excited my horse so much that he became unmanageable and I had to send him to the rear before I got upon the field. When I got on the field I asked the Genl. where my Regt. should be placed, when he said that the enemy were trying to turn our right flank over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va. was there for the purpose of holding them back and that I must support the 31st. I at once double quicked into the woods. When I got there I found that I had but two companies (Capt. Terry's \u0026amp; Capt. Graham's) in consequence of my having hurried the front up the hollow so fast that they left the remainder behind and out of sight. One of the enemy's cannon was also brought to bear upon the Regt. which also embarrassed the rear. I did not know the position either of the 31st or the enemy in the woods, as they were not firing. The consequence was that I entered the woods between the two, but nearer the enemy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI at once formed my two companies, gave them the order to raise a shout, which they did very lustily, and we charged down the hill right at the foe. They stood till we got within forty or fifty yards of them when they broke and fled and we opened fire upon them as they ran. We ran them entirely out of the woods. Our movement was so sudden and unexpected that the enemy seemed to be surprised and much frightened. It seemed like a bold move, but I think it was the best for my men, as I only lost two men wounded (one of them mortally) at this point. The remainder of the Regt. not knowing where I was went into the main fight when they came upon the field, but after a while a portion of them we ordered to join me in the woods which they did, but there being no enemy in the woods at this time I took them all back and entered the fight in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was nearly dark and we could only see the outlines of the enemy, which was soon lost \u0026amp; we had to fire by the flash of their guns. The fight lasted till 9 oclk at night, when the enemy withdrew leaving us in possession of the field. The ground selected by the foe was well chosen and particularly advantageous in a night fight. The enemy had been reinforced the day before by Genl Schenck with three or four thousand men, and they fought obstinately. At one time they approached through the bushes to within 20 yards of two of my companies, but were driven back, leaving their flag bearer and flag upon the field. This was an Ohio Rgt. (32nd). I had the wounded flag bearer taken up \u0026amp; sent back with my wounded, but I believe he died next day. The flag was so torn to pieces that my men took some of it and some other men some. Col. Campbell's Regt. got into the fight about dark and the remainder of his Brigade did not get in at all I believe. The Stonewall Brigade, being several miles off, did not get on the field till after the fight was over.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI lost forty men in killed and wounded. Some of the wounded have since died, and others are dangerous. Three have had their legs amputated. We stayed upon the field nearly all night gathering up and sending off the killed and wounded. The 12th Geo. Regt. suffered most terribly. They were in the advance and ordered to hold a very exposed position. They lost about 180 men killed and wounded. After their ammunition gave out, they lay down and held the place at the point of the bayonet. Many of my men got out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded, and in that way kept them shooting. We had no cannon in the fight. After the dead were collected on the field and laid in rows of then or fifteen, the dim moonlight gave to their countenances an unusual unearthly appearance. Our loss in officers is heavy, and I think that our whole loss is not less than 400. Genl. Johnson was wounded. Col. Gibbons of the 10th was killed. He was one of the best men I ever saw. Maj. Campbell (James C.) was wounded before he got on the field, but I think not dangerously.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI cannot tell what the enemy's loss was. They left some on the field, some in McDowell and scattered along at other places. Immediately after the fight the enemy burned all their baggage and stores at McDowell and retreated. At daylight they had all gone, and we started in pursuit. We followed three days march and came up with their rear at Franklin in Pendleton Co. We skirmished with them over a day, when we were ordered back, I do not know for what cause. It was reported that Genl. Fremont had brought on reinforcements and that a portion of Rosencranz force had joined Milroy. But I do not know that these reasons influenced Genl. Jackson. I do not know where we are going to, but think that we will not go to Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received your letter enclosing copies of Abe's \u0026amp; Arthur's. I am very anxious to hear what Abe's fate has been. Write about him and Ike. Mr. Carrington is going to preach, and I do not feel like writing more. He was struck by a spent ball in the fight, but it only made him sick for awhile. Write soon and direct to Staunton. My love to Mother and Selina. I have heard nothing from J. Vance since I last wrote.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother Saml. V. Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHead Quarters 3 Brigade, Valley District\u003cbr\u003e  \nCamp near Winchester, VA\u003cbr\u003e\n28 May 1862  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir-\u003cbr\u003e\nIn making my report of the part acted by the 3rd Brigade in the battle near Winchester on the 25th inst., I have to say that on the morning of the 24th the Brigade left its bivouac four miles south of Front Royal at daylight and marched to Middletown, and thence down the main valley Pike in the direction of Winchester. Owing to delay occasioned by the enemy's skirmishers embarrassing the advance of the head of the column, daylight cam upon us near Kernstown, after which we quickly advanced to the mills south of Winchester, at which time a vigorous fire was going on between our own and the enemy's batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was ordered to file my Brigade to the left of the Pike and take position under shelter of a hill for the purpose of supporting one of our batteries. I was also ordered to report to Genl. Winder who was already upon the ground. I placed the 23rd \u0026amp; 37th Va. Vols in the position indicated, when Genl Winder ordered me to occupy a wooded hill in an adjoining field, with one Regt, which position he informed me, the enemy were on the move to occupy. I at once ordered Col. Warren with the 10th Va Vols to take position on the hill which he quickly did. In a short time Genl. Winder ordered me to place another Regt. on the hill with the 10th, when I ordered Maj. Williams to march the 37th there which he did with dispatch. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring all of the time of these movements, and in fact from the time when the Brigade first entered the field, it was exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries and long range small arms. After these movements had been executed Col. Taliaferro was ordered to move the 23rd forward and charge a battery of the enemy in his front. He pushed forward with his Regt. in gallant style. But in the meantime Genl. Taylor's Louisiana Brigade had come upon the field, formed and moved in the direction of the enemy, coming up upon the left of Col. Taliaferro.  The 37th \u0026amp; 10th followed immediately after Genl. Taylor's Brigade. On rushing the top of the ridge on which the enemy's batteries had been placed, a sharp musketry fire ensued, but soon a general charge was made by our whole line when the enemy gave way and fled precipitately through Winchester in the wildest confusion. We followed in immediate pursuit on the Martinsburg road, for four miles from Winchester, where we were halted. A list of the casualties is herewith furnished, from which it will be seen that the loss of the Brigade is, comparatively, very light.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCol. Taliaferro commanding the 23rd, Col Warren commanding the 10th and Maj. Williams commanding the 37th acted in the most gallant \u0026amp; efficient manner. I refer to the reports of Col. Taliaferro, Col. Warren, \u0026amp; Maj. Williams for the conduct of the officers \u0026amp; men of their respective Regts. I with pride bear testimony to the gallant conduct of the whole Brigade both officers and men.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am indebted to Capt. Wm. B. Pendleton A.A.A. Genl. for his gallant conduct and prompt and cheerful manner with which he executed my orders. Capt Wooding's battery was not placed in position during the day. Respectfully\u003cbr\u003e\nSaml V. Fulkerson\u003cbr\u003e\nCol. Comd. Brigd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePort Republic, Rockingham Co.\u003cbr\u003e \n8 [June] 1862 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nThe place at which this letter is written is a pretty village near the foot of the Blue Ridge and about twelve miles from Harrisonburg, at the junction of the North and South Rivers, which form the Shenandoah.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you last from Winchester shortly after our arrival there, giving you an account of our march and proceedings up to that time. Since then we have undergone and almost incredible amount of hardship. We stayed at Winchester two days after taking the place and then proceeded to Charles Town and Harper's Ferry. We found a few of the enemy at Charles Town, but soon drove them down to the Ferry, where they made a stand having been largely re-enforced from Washington \u0026amp; elsewhere. The enemy were in position on Bolivar Heights on the Va. side and on the heights on the Maryland side of the river. Both of these positions had been fortified by Genl. Johnston last summer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA portion of our forces crossed the Shenandoah river and took possession of Louden Heights. This was in the evening, a brisk cannonading going on, which was renewed the next morning, and continued till the enemy was driven from the Bolivar across the Potomac. About this time Genl. Jackson received information that Genl. Shields was crossing the Blue Ridge and Genl. Fremont was coming from Moorfield to form a junction at Strasburg and thus cut us off. This placed us in the hardest place that we have ever yet been. Genl. Jackson immediately ordered us to march back. We had about fifty miles to make to pass Strasburg, and our men were already terribly broken down by continued and hard marching. We marched to our camps near Winchester that night and next morning at day light started to Strasburg, which we reached before night. We had now marched about 70 miles in less than three days, in going to and returning from Harpers Ferry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGen. Shields was now at [Front] Port Royal, some 8 or 9 miles from Strasburg, and Genl. Fremont was 7 miles from Strasburg on the Moorefield road. So you see that we had only a gap of about 15 miles wide to get out at. During Saturday night I received an order from Genl. Jackson (I was still in command of our Brigade) to proceed next morning (Sunday) at daylight, some two or three miles on the Moorefield road, take position and resist the advance of the enemy. Before I could get a position, our scouts informed me that the enemy was advancing, when I hurried forward to a suitable position, and made disposition of my own and two other Brigades which were for the time under my command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI sent forward a company of cavalry, which soon returned at the top of their speed with the enemy's cavalry close after them. We drove these back, but in a very short time the enemy's infantry came down the road and through the woods at double quick, and when they got within range halted and opened a brisk fire upon us, which was kept up for some time when they were driven back again. By this time Gen. Ewell came upon the field and assumed command of the whole. After the enemy's infantry were driven back, they placed two pieces of cannon in position and the two forces kept up a very pretty and brisk artillery duel for an hour or more, when the enemy withdrew from the field. After this Genl Jackson came out and said that he did not want to bring on a general engagement then, and ordered us to fall back towards Strasburg. I do not think that we had more than 10 or 15 men killed and wounded. My Regt. had none hurt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[At this point, according to the sentence below, the date is now June 10th]\nA little after dark we left Strasburg for Woodstock to which place the waggon had been sent, and we had a terrible march. (This writing above was suddenly stopped about 8 oclk on Sunday morning last by the enemies cannon, and I will now try to finish on this the 10th). We got to Woodstock about daylight, all broken completely down and seemingly half dead. We were dogged all night by the enemy's cavalry, and I know that they picked up many of our broken down stragglers. I have between thirty and forty men missing, most I fear were taken. It is not to be wondered at. Many of the poor fellows actually walked much of that weary night, fast asleep, so worn out and exhausted were they with their terrible duty. I do not think that our Genl. exercised due diligence in getting his captured stores to a secure place. There was a vast amount of them, the greater portion of which he saved. But Genl. Shields made his appearance so suddenly at Front Royal that a portion of the stores captured there were retaken together with some of our wagons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe marched from Woodstock to near Harrisonburg, and the next day to near Port Republic, which place we reached on Saturday evening. I thought the next day, being Sunday, that we would rest, and I began to write this letter, when I was stopped by the roar of cannon down at the town. The town is located in the fork of the two rivers, the north and larger branch being bridged, the other not. The enemy's cavalry had dashed into town, with two pieces of artillery, one of which they planted at the end of the bridge, and with a third they began a fire from the opposite side of the river. Genl Jackson was in town and was taken completely by surprise and came near being captured. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe were camped about three quarters of a mile from town on the north side of the river. The enemy (Genl Shields force) had come up the river on the south side from Elk Run. In a very short time we were ordered to double quick to the bridge. My Regt. was just in the act of forming for inspection, and we got the start of the others. We passed through a wheat field with the enemy's gun from the other side of the river playing upon us. When we got to the top of the hill near the bridge the gun at the other end opened with grape upon us. My men returned the fire, when Genl. Jackson ordered me to charge through the bridge and take the gun. I led off and my men followed. We rushed through the bridge, captured the gun, and pursued the enemy through the town and until he crossed the south branch. I could have captured the other cannon in town, but I did not know of but one ford. We rushed to that, but found the enemy crossing higher up. We opened fire on them, killing some horses and two or three men and taking six or eight prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharging in at one end of a bridge with a cannon yawning in at the other is no very pleasant past time. But my men went in so well, that it elicited the praise of the Genl. and all who witnessed it. When we got to the cannon, the smoke of the last fire was still issuing from its mouth. We charged them so quickly and so vigorously that my loss was little. Yancey Smith (brother of the Capt) of Russell was killed, and Sergt. E. Johnson and Walter James of Capt. Terry's company each had a thigh badly broken. I fear that Johnson is mortally wounded. We had put some of our artillery in position, which soon silenced the enemy's guns on the opposite side of the river, and drove them back, and they did not again advance on that day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile this was going on, Genl. Fremont made an attack on our forces next to Harrisonburg. Our Brigade was ordered to hold the bridge and town against Genl. Shields, which we did, but could hear the fight on the other side, which lasted till nearly night with heavy loss on both sides. Our loss in officers was considerable. Genls Elzey \u0026amp; Stewart were wounded, though I think not dangerously. Our men drove the enemy back about a mile and held possession of the field during the night, having captured more than 100 prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn our march the day before from Harrisonburg, Fremont pressed our rear very hardly, and our protection subjected us to the heaviest and saddest loss that we have sustained in the valley. Ashby (but a short time a Brigadier) was killed. He had just made a brilliant charge on the enemy, capturing a Col, Maj., and a number of prisoners. Afterwards and about dark he was leading on foot (his horse having been killed), on Infantry Regt. when he was shot through the heart, and the saddest part of it is, that it is generally believed that he was shot by our own men. He was the most gallant man I ever saw, and withal a good man. When Ashby was between us and the enemy we felt perfectly secure against any surprise, and he was always on the enemy's heels. They had great fear of him. He kept them in constant dread. His place cannot be filled, and his death cast a gloom over the whole army. He had performed more feats of daring and had done more hard and perilous service than any man in the army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs I have placed Sundays proceedings before Saturday, I will now pass over to Monday. During Sunday our train had been sent on the road towards Waynesboro in Augusta Co. But on Sunday night Genl. Jackson threw a foot bridge across the north branch, ordered his train to turn back and take the road through Brown's Gap into Albemarle, and by a little after sun rise he had the greater portion of his army across the foot bridge and marching against Genl. Shields force, which camped the night before in sight of us about three miles off. Our Brigade and Genl. Trimble's were ordered to hold the large bridge and to resist the advance of Fremont. Our force and Shield's soon became hotly engaged, and the fight became a very hard one. Our men were being severely pressed and suffering a great loss, when Genl Jackson galloped back and ordered me to move forward my Regt at double quick, which I did. He also had the other two Regt of the Brigade ordered forward. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I got upon the field, and was putting my men in position for action, the enemy gave way and we rushed forward, passing his battery which he abandoned, having first killed all the horses. In coming up we received a sharp fire. The enemy rallied and partially formed, but we kept on and they gave way again, and commenced a general run, and scatterment. My Regt happened to get in advance, and hounds never pursued a fox with more eagerness than they pursued the flying yankees. Some kept the road and some took the bushes, all intent on capturing a yankee. We captured about 400 prisoners most of whom were taken by my men, among them a number of officers from Col down. We also captured two Regimental flags, all of the enemies artillery (seven or eight guns), all of his ambulances \u0026amp; c., and a number of small arms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Infantry followed about six miles, and the cavalry having come up followed about six further. My men performed many individual acts of bravery one of which I notice, and you may send it to the Abingdon paper for publication. The rout was complete and entire. The prisoners say that Genl. Shields was not present, but that Genl Tyler was in command. We captured a number of our old acquaintances, the 5th Ohio, and our boys were glad to meet with them. After our Brigade crossed the north branch, Genl. Trimble crossed the large bridge and then set fire to it \u0026amp; burned it down. In a short time Genl. Fremont appeared at the burnt bridge, but could do nothing but listen to the fight and pursuit. On our return from the pursuit we quietly passed within plain view of Genl Fremont's camp, and marched to this place on the Blue Ridge, where we are staying today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur camp extends back to within four or five miles of Port Republic. Men were worse mangled in this fight than any that I have been in. Heads \u0026amp; limbs off and bodies torn open were frequent sights for several miles. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn Sunday night Capt. Jno. Preston \u0026amp; Lieut. Jno Humes with fifty men were sent out on picket and were left out when we went into the fight on Monday. After Fremont made his appearance I sent back my Regt to bring in the picket, but he thought that he could not get to them, and come back about midnight last night. I have heard nothing from them since, but think and hope that they have gone to Staunton or Waynesboro, about 18 miles off. I am not in the habit of gathering spoils on the field, but one of me brought me a Col's horse, saddle, bridle \u0026amp; c. Another gave me a very pretty sword. The horse belonged to Col. Lewis of Pa. He has been a fine horse, but is getting old and is not a good riding horse. I also got the Col's Regimental flag.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will see from this narrative that we have had a very active and exciting time. We have fought on three Sundays in succession, which will do pretty well for a religious Genl. I got Selina's letter the other day \u0026amp; will write her when I can. Write soon to Staunton. Don't know when we will go next. Love to Mother \u0026amp; Selina.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nS.V. Fulkerson \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. F.M. Fulkerson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir-\u003cbr\u003e\nIn reply to your letter of the 7th ult. permit me to say that Col. S.V. Fulkerson was an officer of distinguished worth. I deeply felt his death. He rendered valuable service to his country, and had he lived, would probably have been recommended by me before this time for a brigadier generalcy. So far as my knowledge extends, he enjoyed the confidence of his regiment and all who knew him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am Sir your obdt. servt\u003cbr\u003e \nT.J. Jackson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eV.M. Institute June 4th 1853\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI recd your letter the 28th of May. I was very glad to hear that were so well pleased with your school. I suppose that you will come home before you teach another session if you do so at all, Father wrote to me the other day for the first time, they are all well at home Father has sold his mare and bought a buggy, I suppose that he will quit riding horse back and splurge in his buggy for a while, your old Mister Brown was kicked by a horse the other day and broke his leg, his family had bad luck lately.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe will have a great ball on the if nothing happens they are prepareing tolerably rapidly now, the tickets came yesterday. I sent you one of them, I know you will be certain to come or else I would not send it to you\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe examination will commence the 20th of June, Sam is on the Board again they meet about the 15th, I have some faint hopes of passing, but it is verry doubtful  I tell you, you must write to me oftener\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour affectionate Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nAbram Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nApr 14 1854\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI recd your letter a few days ago or weeks I am not certain which but however I have not had time to answer it until to day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have nothing very new or of much importance to write to you. Circuit court is going on at present in Lexington They are trying Christian the man that killed Cadet Blackburn  there has been a great deal of excitement with the people since it commenced  there is a great many of C. friends attending the trial. I suppose from all accounts that he will be hung\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was another murder committed in town a few weeks ago almost as bad as B's, a man by the name of Winn killed the proprietor of the Washington Hotel, his name was Moore they had a falling out the day he was killed some five or six hours before the fight occurred.  Winn went to his (Moore's) house that night about ten o'clock and called him out into the street + stabbed him through the heart with a knife the knife cut his heart very near into two pieces. He died in a few minutes afterwards. There is two other men in jail for shooting men besides all of this there was a negro hung in Lexington a few weeks ago for the same offence, but it did not appear to have much affect. It seems like Lexington is going to turn out to be one of the most corrupt and immoral places in the State of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia wrote to me a few days ago. Sister Alice and the children are all well.  Virginia say she likes her new home very well considering the short time that she has been there.  She did not say whether she was going to school any more at Rogersville or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote to Sam sometime ago to know whether I had better go home this summer or put it off until next. He says he thinks I had better stay another year before I go home and indeed I thought so myself  was the reason I wrote to him about it. Therefore I will not have the opportunity of coming home til next July year. I would be very glad if I could come next year but taking every thing into consideration I think it will be best to stay here another year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI heard from Catherine lately. She is getting along about as common I believe I understand that Frank is going to marry before long. But I do not know whether it is true or not. Dr. Walker's son was here the other day on his way home from Philadelphia. He has been taking medical lessons there, I had a long talk with him.  e stayed in town one day and night. I must bring my letter to a close as I have nothing more to write, tell Balf and Jim to write to me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nA. Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland Gap\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 18, 1863\n \nMy dear wife-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour last kind letter was recd by friday's mail. Your dear letters are my greatest pleasure and do away in a great measure with the horror of separation. The frequency with which we can communicate with each other is a rich blessing and brings us as if we're almost together.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of our pickets came in the other day and reported that a Mr. Davis was at the lines and desired to enter. This report took me very much by surprise, for although you had mentioned the probability of his coming yet I did not look for him. He only stayed a few hours. After dinner (a very poor one without apology to him) I went [around] to show him some of the curiosities of Cumberland Gap, which he seemed to think would compensate any one for making the visit. He went back up the valley and expected to get home by Wednesday next. Will see you Sunday, if not sooner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe intelligence of the death of Gen. Jackson came upon us like a shock. We feel that his death is a national calamity. The poorest soldiers among us appreciated his worth - loved the man, and mourn his loss. I knew him well.1  He was my preceptor for more than four years and whilst during that time I did not appreciate the man, as school [schoolboys?]are not like to do, yet I always had great reverence for the man on account of his piety \u0026amp; uprightness of character. Among the many heroes of this revolution, none have lived so much adored, none have died so much deplored, and none have left a character as spotless as that of Stonewall Jackson. Could his life have been spared till the close of this cruel war, the unanimous voice of a grateful people would have proclaimed him chief ruler of the nation. But God has seen proper to take him from us, and what He does is right and for the best. It is [illegible] therefore that we make the sacrifice cheerfully, th'o we cannot see why our country should be deprived of his services at his her hour of greatest need.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news of importance more than you will see in the papers. The news from Ky is vague and unreliable. It is reported and believed that there are three or four Regmts at Barboursville, 30 miles distant. That Burnsides is preparing to invade E. Tenn. on a large scale there seems no longer to be any doubt. A southern woman the wife of a Lincolnite told Mrs. Patterson today that a runner had just come across the mountain to tell the Union people, they must stay at home, that the Feds would be in, in about three weeks, that where they were found absent it would be an evidence of disloyalty. I will not be surprised if they make an effort about that time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Patterson started to the R.R. today - is going to the salt works. I asked him to stop and see you all, but he would not promise. No prospect of any goods yet. Do you want any money? When you need money or any thing else you must not fail to let me know. My love to mother \u0026amp; Kate. Write often,\nYour affectionate husband\u003cbr\u003e\nAF\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eField Officers Barracks, Ft. Delaware May 7 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear wife\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have not heard directly from you since the 4th of Feb. Your letter was directed to Ft. Pulaski. I received on my way here at Hilton Head S.C. Since that time we have passed through the most eventful period of the war. The closing scenes are being enacted, and with hearts overwhelmed with grief \u0026amp; sadness we bow in deep humiliation in their contemplation. The present, thank God, is only the \"beginning of the end.\" The military power of the South is broken, the spirit is not. The ball has been put in motion by the people of the South, an impetus has been given it, which will eventually result in the destruction of the U.S. Government and if not in the independence of the South, certainly in the disenthrallment of her people. Ten years will see us under the protecting wing of a foreign power, or independent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect to meet you soon, not crowned with the laurels of victory but with the oath crammed down my throat, a quiescent citizen of the United States. I have the sweet consolation of being conscious of having served the cause faithfully. I sacrificed everything but life, and hazarded that, many times \u0026amp; in many ways, in behalf of my country. I have not the slightest fear that any man can ever point at me the finger of scorn and say \"you done it.\" I have performed my duty and now abandon the cause as (at present) hopeless, without in the least having changed my opinion as to the justness of that cause. I go now to share with the people of the south the deep humiliation which will be dictated by yankee vindictiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have heard from you thr'o your father up to March 1st. Receive letters from him often. Says he will send you money \u0026amp; c thr'o Mr. Armstrong. Hope you may have no difficulty in getting along. I cannot tell when I will be released, but probably soon. My love to Kate. Tell the boy, I'll be home soon. Your affect. husband. A. Fulkerson P.W.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers Barracks\u003cbr\u003e \nFt. Delaware \u003cbr\u003e\nMay 13, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear wife-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour esteemed letter of the 17th April, via Knoxville reached me a few days since. I cannot express my gratification at learning that you were all well, and living. The terrible events which have transpired in the Confederacy within the past two months, and my great anxiety about you, taken together, had rendered me very unhappy, indeed wretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe last letter but one from you was dated 4th Feb and recd at Hilton Head S.C. the day after our departure from Ft. Pulaski. I have written you several times since my arrival here, via Richmond. About a week ago I sent you a letter to the care of Mr. Armstrong, but as I was in a very unhappy humor about them \"Cause\" it is probable that much that I said was too harsh and \"contraband\" and caused the\"confiscation\" of the letter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe left Ft. Pulaski on the 4th March, ordered by Genrl. Grant to be exchanged. When we reached Old Point active operations had commenced on the James, were sent here. The result of the campaign was disastrous to our aims. It has ended our hopes for exchange, if not for liberty itself. I cannot talk about our misfortunes in a letter, but must wait till I see you. It seems at present, that the only means of getting out of prison, is by taking the oath. It is probable therefore I will return to you soon, not crowned with victorious laurels, but as a loyal subject (overpowered) of the U.S. I do not know whether you would recognize me as a citizen or not, perhaps you may, if necessity forces it upon me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hear from your father often. He wrote me he was making arrangements to send you money \u0026amp; clothing th'ro Mr. Armstrong. I hope it will not be inconvenient for Kate to keep you with her til I am released. My health is now very good. Your affectionate husband. A. Fulkerson.\u003cbr\u003e \nLove to Mrs. H and the boy (as you may not receive this for months, I will say our boy)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Winchester \n9 March 1862","My Dear Mother \nNot having written or heard from home for sometime, I will write you a short letter today. You will see from the heading of this that we have not yet gone to Manassas and I cannot tell when we will go. We will not get away, unless Winchester is evacuated, while the present state of things exists here.","Genl. Banks with his army has been maneuvering about twelve miles in our front for several days. On day before yesterday we thought that we were certainly in for a fight. Banks attacked our outer posts, when we packed our baggage and sent it to the rear, and marched the men on the Martinsburg road about two miles from Winchester, where we drew up and waited for the approach of the enemy. But after skirmishing with our pickets an hour or two, he withdrew again. We lost only one man, but not of my Regt.","We have not a large force here, and I do not know what Genl. Jackson will do if the enemy advances upon us. All of the public stores have been sent away, and many of the citizens have left. There are a good many here who sympathize with the Yankees, and will be rejoiced if they get possession of Winchester. This is such a beautiful country that I should regret to see it fall into the hands of the Yankees.","Since we came back from Romney we have had three different encampments. First on the Romney Road, but when the enemy crossed at Harper's Ferry we moved and took position on that road about three miles from Winchester; and on yesterday we moved to this place, which is on the Strasburg road about three and a half miles from Winchester near a village called Kernstown.","It is doubtful about how much I will write as I have been over six hours in getting this much written. In a letter from Col. Gibson he asked what I wished you and Kate to do in case the enemy got into our county. If they should get in, and you are willing to do so, I think that you had better remain at home. Refugees have a hard time, and when people leave their homes everything is destroyed. Mr. Faulkner (Honl. Charles J.) told me that his wife had saved his property by staying at home. But if it should come to the worst, and you prefer it, leave and let the property go. I care little for the property except on yours and Kate's account. For myself I feel that I have no home so long as it is threatened by the enemy, and I would willingly give up all I have, and commence the world anew without a thing, rather than that the enemy should subjugate us.","We are very hardly pressed now, and it depends upon the spirit of our people whether we bear up against it, or give way under it. When I see so many men and especially officers shirking duty and who seem to make it a study as to the best manner in which they can get around duty, I almost despair. Many are all the time seeking personal ease or pursuing schemes of personal advancement, and would appear to be willing to sacrifice their country to attain their object. I suppose though that all wars produce the same class of selfish men, and that we must expect to be cursed with them. I do not intend to be troubled hereafter with the reflection that I did not do my duty in this conflict.","I did have some hope that I could go home for a short time this winter, but do not now expect to do so. If I had the permission I would not go now, while we are so near the enemy. Besides, so many of the officers are absent that it would be highly improper for any more to leave. In the absence of Col. Taliaferro I still have command of the 4th Brigade, which now only consists of two regiments and four pieces of artillery.","I learn that we have had very high waters in our country and that much damage has been done. I was sorry to hear that Uncle James had lost his dam. I take it that he will not get his mills to running again for some time. If any of the fence about the creek washed away, get Mr. Hughes or some one to help Lee put it up. Today (Sunday) has been a very spring-like one. Citizens say that this has been a very wet winter here and not as much cold as usual, but still the ground has not been clear of snow since the first of Jany. Scarcely any ploughing has been done here yet, and little else in the farming line. See if you can't get meal and flour from Mrs. Hopkins' mill; If not try at some other place. Henry Roberts might furnish you with meal.","I suffered for two or three weeks with a severe cold, but kept up and am now nearly well again. Jas. Vance is well. He spent this Sunday in building a chimney to his tent. He has said several times that he would not fix up any more. He has built a good many chimneys, but had soon to leave them.","Give my love to Kate and Selina. Tell Selina that she ought to write to me. You and Kate must write soon, and tell me where Ike and Abe are. Tell Amelia Vance that I will write to her when I can. I have nothing to write about but army movements, but they will have as much interest to you as anything else.","Your son, \nSaml. V. Fulkerson","Camp Near New Market \n3 Apl. 1862 ","Dear Kate \nA few days ago I wrote you giving some account of our fight near Winchester. Since that time we have been marching up and down the valley, one day falling back before the enemy and the next advancing towards him, skirmishing with him almost daily. He is now in strong force about ten miles off. Genl. Jackson has taken a position here, but whether he will fight at this place or not I am unable to say. If he has sufficient force he would not wait to be attacked.","I have been unable to hear from Jas. Vance, though I have [missing word or words] letter to Judge Parker of Winchester about him. I cannot think that he was mortally wounded, from what the men say who put him in the ambulance. I feel very much for Uncle James and family in their repeated bereavements. I miss Jimmy greatly, and would be greatly pleased to hear that his wound is not dangerous. I have seen a list of the prisoners who were taken to Baltimore but Jimmie's name is not among them. However, I am not surprised at this, as the wounded would not for awhile be removed from Winchester. I may yet get some information from Winchester about him. ","Capt. Cowan (of Russell) died of his wounds. He was a brave man and good officer. James King was as good a soldier as ever entered the line. He went off with Capt. Jones Co., was transferred to Col. Cummings Regt. and then transferred to mine. After the fight was half over, he remarked that \"he was proud of being in the 37th.\" The poor fellow was shot through the head and did not speak afterwards. Leroy Sherman among others was taken prisoner and is in Baltimore. ","The [people along the valley] claim our fight as a victory, but it is not so. We attacked a greatly superior forces and were repulsed with heavy loss. If night had not set in we would all have been captured or killed. The enemy's loss was very heavy, for our men fought with desperate courage. our loss is 469 killed and wounded. The killed wounded and missing amount to 689. This is an uncommonly heavy loss when we did not have over 3000 men in the fight. A loss of 10 per ct. is regarded as great, but ours was but little less than on fourth. My Regt. sustained the greatest loss, the killed and wounded alone being a little less than one fourth, and including the missing is a little less than one third. The northern papers speak of the terrible slaughter on their side in front of the stone fence behind which I had my Brigade. I learn that at this point the 5th Ohio Regt. was nearly [ruined]--they were a part of the rascals who aided in chasing us from Laurel Hill.","The conduct of the late North western army (Loring's) [missing words] the fight, is spoken of by the Genl. in high terms of praise. There is a difficulty with Genl. Garnett who commanded the Stonewall Brigade, but I can't speak of particulars. Genl. Winder is now in command of that Brigade.","Our men are in fine spirits and I think will fight as well now as they did at Winchester, although they feel sad, when they think of the fall of their comrades. Our flagstaff was shot down, but the flag bearer instantly raised it again and kept it floating throughout the fight. The days work hurt my horse worse than anything which he has gone through. He was under the saddle from daylight till 11 at night and was greatly excited. The reports of the guns did not scare him, but the whistling of the balls and particularly the minnie ball excited him to the highest pitch. He has not yet recovered. You will see many exaggerated accounts of the fight in the papers. If we can't get a better and more substantial reputation than a mere newspaper one, I don't want [missing words].\nI told Judge Parker [missing words] stay with you at nights during court. He is a refugee and I want to do all for him that I can. Tell Selina that here she can't write to Abe, she can write to me. Try and get the fence put up in some way. Send the enclosed to Mr. Belkin for Judge Camden. Write soon. Love to Mother \u0026 S. \nYour brother, Saml. V. Fulkerson.","Official Report of the Battle of McDowell, May 8th, 1862","Head Qrs. 37 Regt. VA. Vols. Mason's Cabins, Augusta Co., Va.   \n16 May 1862","Sir- \nIn making my official report of the part borne by my Regt in the battle near McDowell on the 8th inst., I have to say; that when I was ordered to the field, being about one mile distant, I had to pass on a portion of the way, up a very rocky \u0026 brushy hollow, which embarrassed the advance of my men greatly, and it being nothing but a defile, and the men having to advance in a single file, the Regt. necessarily stretched out over a long line. They were also much annoyed on the march after entering the field, by the shell from one of the enemies guns. ","When I reached the line of battle at the head of my Regt. (marching by flank) Brig. Genl. Taliaferro informed me that the enemy were endeavoring to turn our right flank by passing over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va Vols were there to prevent the flank movement \u0026 he ordered me to support the 31st. I at once filed into the woods, but not knowing the position of either the 31st or of the enemy, for they were not at that time firing, I got in between the two, but nearer the enemy. On halting to put my men in line, I found that I had with me only my two front companies, Co. A Capt. Terry \u0026 Co. F. Capt. Graham. In pushing forward up the ravine two companies got ahead of the others, and when the remainder got to the line of battle, I with the two first were in the woods. As soon as I formed the two companies I ordered them to give a shout which they did with a hearty good will, and we charged down the hill directly at the enemy, and when we got within forty or fifty yards of him he broke and fled, when we instantly opened fire upon them as they ran. He did not stop running till he got entirely out of the woods around the hill.","When the remainder of the Regt. reached the line of battle in the field they joined in the fight there, but after awhile Maj. Williams brought a portion of it to me in the woods, not knowing that I might be hard pressed there. But before he reached me the woods were clear of the enemy, and I marched all back to the main fight in the field.","When I got on our line it was nearly dark and we could only see the outline of the enemy on the hill side below us, \u0026 that soon disappeared, when we could only direct our fire by the flash of the enemy's guns. The fight was kept up till 9 at night when the enemy withdrew, leaving us in full possession of the field. During the fight some of my men were out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded. ","I have to report the loss of some good officers and brave men. Capt. Terry, a gallant man and model officer, was severely wounded in the leg. Lieuts. Wilhelm, May, Dye, and Fletcher were badly wounded, and the two latter have since died. These Lieuts were young officers, but they nobly did their duty. All of my officers and men who went upon the field acted in the most gallant manner, and it would be unjust to discriminate by name, except in the case of the wounded.* The loss of my Regt. is thirty nine killed and wounded and one missing, a list of whom I herewith enclose.","I feel indebted to Surgeon Hinkle and Asst. Surgeon Butler for their prompt and untiring attention to the wounded. My Acting Adjt. C.T. Duncan also deserves special mention for the manner in which he discharged his duties upon the field.","I cannot close this report without saying that my chaplain the Revd. A.B. Carrington deserves the highest praise for his conduct during and since the fight. He was struck by a spent ball, and although it made him very sick for awhile, he was and continued to be unremitting in his attention to the wounded.","Respectfully \nSaml. V. Fulkerson Col. 37 Va. Vols \nCapt Wm. B. Pendleton  AAAGenl. 3d Brigade. V.D.","*I am especially indebted to Maj. T.V. Williams for gallantry and good conduct throughout the fight. He was of great benefit in placing the men in their proper positions.","Camp at Mason's Cabins. Augusta Co.  16 May 1862 ","Dear Kate \nIt has been a good while since I wrote and the reason is that I have not had an opportunity of writing, and I feel little like it now. We have been constantly marching, fighting and watching for more than a month, and the consequence is that we are all nearly broken down, with fatigue, loss of sleep and irregularity in eating. But his being the day set apart by the President for humiliation and prayer, Genl. Jackson has ordered his army to observe it, and to abstain from all military duty, and that divine service be had in all of the Regts. But as it is now and has been raining for two days, there will be little chance for preaching out of doors.","I believe that I wrote you from Meecham's River Depot in Albemarle Co. A portion of the Regt. took the cars there for Staunton and the remainder marched on to the side of the Blue Ridge where they went on to the cars and got to Staunton about day, not having eaten anything or slept any since the night before. We stayed at Staunton that {night} and left the next day in this direction. We joined Genl. Johnson's (Alleghany) forces about six miles from Staunton. The enemy had one Regt at the east foot of the Shenandoah mountains near this place. This we came near surprising and taking with four pieces of their cannon. But they escaped, leaving all of their baggage and camp equipage and commissary stores in our hands. They fled cross the mountain to the western foot where they had two other Regts, which became alarmed \u0026 fled leaving everything, and all fell back to McDowell where their main body (Genl. Milroy in command) was stationed.","We then went into camp and on the morning of the 8th we moved towards McDowell. This is a village in Highland county about thirty miles from Staunton and ten from Monterey. Genl Johnson with his brigade was sent forward as the advance and our Brigade (10th, 23rd, and 37th Va. Vols) followed. When within about a mile of McDowell light skirmishing began, which was kept up till evening, we in the mean time having been halted about a mile in the rear. In the evening our advance Brigade and the enemy became engaged in a general fight and we were ordered forward at a double quick. A portion of the way over which we had to go was up a very rocky and brushy hollow, and when we reached our line of battle we were nearly out of breath. All along the way we were exposed to the enemy's file by their shooting at our advance and the balls striking among and around us. The whistling of the bullets excited my horse so much that he became unmanageable and I had to send him to the rear before I got upon the field. When I got on the field I asked the Genl. where my Regt. should be placed, when he said that the enemy were trying to turn our right flank over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va. was there for the purpose of holding them back and that I must support the 31st. I at once double quicked into the woods. When I got there I found that I had but two companies (Capt. Terry's \u0026 Capt. Graham's) in consequence of my having hurried the front up the hollow so fast that they left the remainder behind and out of sight. One of the enemy's cannon was also brought to bear upon the Regt. which also embarrassed the rear. I did not know the position either of the 31st or the enemy in the woods, as they were not firing. The consequence was that I entered the woods between the two, but nearer the enemy. ","I at once formed my two companies, gave them the order to raise a shout, which they did very lustily, and we charged down the hill right at the foe. They stood till we got within forty or fifty yards of them when they broke and fled and we opened fire upon them as they ran. We ran them entirely out of the woods. Our movement was so sudden and unexpected that the enemy seemed to be surprised and much frightened. It seemed like a bold move, but I think it was the best for my men, as I only lost two men wounded (one of them mortally) at this point. The remainder of the Regt. not knowing where I was went into the main fight when they came upon the field, but after a while a portion of them we ordered to join me in the woods which they did, but there being no enemy in the woods at this time I took them all back and entered the fight in the field.","It was nearly dark and we could only see the outlines of the enemy, which was soon lost \u0026 we had to fire by the flash of their guns. The fight lasted till 9 oclk at night, when the enemy withdrew leaving us in possession of the field. The ground selected by the foe was well chosen and particularly advantageous in a night fight. The enemy had been reinforced the day before by Genl Schenck with three or four thousand men, and they fought obstinately. At one time they approached through the bushes to within 20 yards of two of my companies, but were driven back, leaving their flag bearer and flag upon the field. This was an Ohio Rgt. (32nd). I had the wounded flag bearer taken up \u0026 sent back with my wounded, but I believe he died next day. The flag was so torn to pieces that my men took some of it and some other men some. Col. Campbell's Regt. got into the fight about dark and the remainder of his Brigade did not get in at all I believe. The Stonewall Brigade, being several miles off, did not get on the field till after the fight was over.","I lost forty men in killed and wounded. Some of the wounded have since died, and others are dangerous. Three have had their legs amputated. We stayed upon the field nearly all night gathering up and sending off the killed and wounded. The 12th Geo. Regt. suffered most terribly. They were in the advance and ordered to hold a very exposed position. They lost about 180 men killed and wounded. After their ammunition gave out, they lay down and held the place at the point of the bayonet. Many of my men got out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded, and in that way kept them shooting. We had no cannon in the fight. After the dead were collected on the field and laid in rows of then or fifteen, the dim moonlight gave to their countenances an unusual unearthly appearance. Our loss in officers is heavy, and I think that our whole loss is not less than 400. Genl. Johnson was wounded. Col. Gibbons of the 10th was killed. He was one of the best men I ever saw. Maj. Campbell (James C.) was wounded before he got on the field, but I think not dangerously.","I cannot tell what the enemy's loss was. They left some on the field, some in McDowell and scattered along at other places. Immediately after the fight the enemy burned all their baggage and stores at McDowell and retreated. At daylight they had all gone, and we started in pursuit. We followed three days march and came up with their rear at Franklin in Pendleton Co. We skirmished with them over a day, when we were ordered back, I do not know for what cause. It was reported that Genl. Fremont had brought on reinforcements and that a portion of Rosencranz force had joined Milroy. But I do not know that these reasons influenced Genl. Jackson. I do not know where we are going to, but think that we will not go to Staunton.","I received your letter enclosing copies of Abe's \u0026 Arthur's. I am very anxious to hear what Abe's fate has been. Write about him and Ike. Mr. Carrington is going to preach, and I do not feel like writing more. He was struck by a spent ball in the fight, but it only made him sick for awhile. Write soon and direct to Staunton. My love to Mother and Selina. I have heard nothing from J. Vance since I last wrote. \nYour brother Saml. V. Fulkerson","Head Quarters 3 Brigade, Valley District   \nCamp near Winchester, VA \n28 May 1862  ","Sir- \nIn making my report of the part acted by the 3rd Brigade in the battle near Winchester on the 25th inst., I have to say that on the morning of the 24th the Brigade left its bivouac four miles south of Front Royal at daylight and marched to Middletown, and thence down the main valley Pike in the direction of Winchester. Owing to delay occasioned by the enemy's skirmishers embarrassing the advance of the head of the column, daylight cam upon us near Kernstown, after which we quickly advanced to the mills south of Winchester, at which time a vigorous fire was going on between our own and the enemy's batteries.","I was ordered to file my Brigade to the left of the Pike and take position under shelter of a hill for the purpose of supporting one of our batteries. I was also ordered to report to Genl. Winder who was already upon the ground. I placed the 23rd \u0026 37th Va. Vols in the position indicated, when Genl Winder ordered me to occupy a wooded hill in an adjoining field, with one Regt, which position he informed me, the enemy were on the move to occupy. I at once ordered Col. Warren with the 10th Va Vols to take position on the hill which he quickly did. In a short time Genl. Winder ordered me to place another Regt. on the hill with the 10th, when I ordered Maj. Williams to march the 37th there which he did with dispatch. ","During all of the time of these movements, and in fact from the time when the Brigade first entered the field, it was exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries and long range small arms. After these movements had been executed Col. Taliaferro was ordered to move the 23rd forward and charge a battery of the enemy in his front. He pushed forward with his Regt. in gallant style. But in the meantime Genl. Taylor's Louisiana Brigade had come upon the field, formed and moved in the direction of the enemy, coming up upon the left of Col. Taliaferro.  The 37th \u0026 10th followed immediately after Genl. Taylor's Brigade. On rushing the top of the ridge on which the enemy's batteries had been placed, a sharp musketry fire ensued, but soon a general charge was made by our whole line when the enemy gave way and fled precipitately through Winchester in the wildest confusion. We followed in immediate pursuit on the Martinsburg road, for four miles from Winchester, where we were halted. A list of the casualties is herewith furnished, from which it will be seen that the loss of the Brigade is, comparatively, very light.","Col. Taliaferro commanding the 23rd, Col Warren commanding the 10th and Maj. Williams commanding the 37th acted in the most gallant \u0026 efficient manner. I refer to the reports of Col. Taliaferro, Col. Warren, \u0026 Maj. Williams for the conduct of the officers \u0026 men of their respective Regts. I with pride bear testimony to the gallant conduct of the whole Brigade both officers and men.","I am indebted to Capt. Wm. B. Pendleton A.A.A. Genl. for his gallant conduct and prompt and cheerful manner with which he executed my orders. Capt Wooding's battery was not placed in position during the day. Respectfully \nSaml V. Fulkerson \nCol. Comd. Brigd.","Port Republic, Rockingham Co.  \n8 [June] 1862 ","Dear Kate \nThe place at which this letter is written is a pretty village near the foot of the Blue Ridge and about twelve miles from Harrisonburg, at the junction of the North and South Rivers, which form the Shenandoah.","I wrote you last from Winchester shortly after our arrival there, giving you an account of our march and proceedings up to that time. Since then we have undergone and almost incredible amount of hardship. We stayed at Winchester two days after taking the place and then proceeded to Charles Town and Harper's Ferry. We found a few of the enemy at Charles Town, but soon drove them down to the Ferry, where they made a stand having been largely re-enforced from Washington \u0026 elsewhere. The enemy were in position on Bolivar Heights on the Va. side and on the heights on the Maryland side of the river. Both of these positions had been fortified by Genl. Johnston last summer.","A portion of our forces crossed the Shenandoah river and took possession of Louden Heights. This was in the evening, a brisk cannonading going on, which was renewed the next morning, and continued till the enemy was driven from the Bolivar across the Potomac. About this time Genl. Jackson received information that Genl. Shields was crossing the Blue Ridge and Genl. Fremont was coming from Moorfield to form a junction at Strasburg and thus cut us off. This placed us in the hardest place that we have ever yet been. Genl. Jackson immediately ordered us to march back. We had about fifty miles to make to pass Strasburg, and our men were already terribly broken down by continued and hard marching. We marched to our camps near Winchester that night and next morning at day light started to Strasburg, which we reached before night. We had now marched about 70 miles in less than three days, in going to and returning from Harpers Ferry.","Gen. Shields was now at [Front] Port Royal, some 8 or 9 miles from Strasburg, and Genl. Fremont was 7 miles from Strasburg on the Moorefield road. So you see that we had only a gap of about 15 miles wide to get out at. During Saturday night I received an order from Genl. Jackson (I was still in command of our Brigade) to proceed next morning (Sunday) at daylight, some two or three miles on the Moorefield road, take position and resist the advance of the enemy. Before I could get a position, our scouts informed me that the enemy was advancing, when I hurried forward to a suitable position, and made disposition of my own and two other Brigades which were for the time under my command.","I sent forward a company of cavalry, which soon returned at the top of their speed with the enemy's cavalry close after them. We drove these back, but in a very short time the enemy's infantry came down the road and through the woods at double quick, and when they got within range halted and opened a brisk fire upon us, which was kept up for some time when they were driven back again. By this time Gen. Ewell came upon the field and assumed command of the whole. After the enemy's infantry were driven back, they placed two pieces of cannon in position and the two forces kept up a very pretty and brisk artillery duel for an hour or more, when the enemy withdrew from the field. After this Genl Jackson came out and said that he did not want to bring on a general engagement then, and ordered us to fall back towards Strasburg. I do not think that we had more than 10 or 15 men killed and wounded. My Regt. had none hurt.","[At this point, according to the sentence below, the date is now June 10th]\nA little after dark we left Strasburg for Woodstock to which place the waggon had been sent, and we had a terrible march. (This writing above was suddenly stopped about 8 oclk on Sunday morning last by the enemies cannon, and I will now try to finish on this the 10th). We got to Woodstock about daylight, all broken completely down and seemingly half dead. We were dogged all night by the enemy's cavalry, and I know that they picked up many of our broken down stragglers. I have between thirty and forty men missing, most I fear were taken. It is not to be wondered at. Many of the poor fellows actually walked much of that weary night, fast asleep, so worn out and exhausted were they with their terrible duty. I do not think that our Genl. exercised due diligence in getting his captured stores to a secure place. There was a vast amount of them, the greater portion of which he saved. But Genl. Shields made his appearance so suddenly at Front Royal that a portion of the stores captured there were retaken together with some of our wagons.","We marched from Woodstock to near Harrisonburg, and the next day to near Port Republic, which place we reached on Saturday evening. I thought the next day, being Sunday, that we would rest, and I began to write this letter, when I was stopped by the roar of cannon down at the town. The town is located in the fork of the two rivers, the north and larger branch being bridged, the other not. The enemy's cavalry had dashed into town, with two pieces of artillery, one of which they planted at the end of the bridge, and with a third they began a fire from the opposite side of the river. Genl Jackson was in town and was taken completely by surprise and came near being captured. ","We were camped about three quarters of a mile from town on the north side of the river. The enemy (Genl Shields force) had come up the river on the south side from Elk Run. In a very short time we were ordered to double quick to the bridge. My Regt. was just in the act of forming for inspection, and we got the start of the others. We passed through a wheat field with the enemy's gun from the other side of the river playing upon us. When we got to the top of the hill near the bridge the gun at the other end opened with grape upon us. My men returned the fire, when Genl. Jackson ordered me to charge through the bridge and take the gun. I led off and my men followed. We rushed through the bridge, captured the gun, and pursued the enemy through the town and until he crossed the south branch. I could have captured the other cannon in town, but I did not know of but one ford. We rushed to that, but found the enemy crossing higher up. We opened fire on them, killing some horses and two or three men and taking six or eight prisoners.","Charging in at one end of a bridge with a cannon yawning in at the other is no very pleasant past time. But my men went in so well, that it elicited the praise of the Genl. and all who witnessed it. When we got to the cannon, the smoke of the last fire was still issuing from its mouth. We charged them so quickly and so vigorously that my loss was little. Yancey Smith (brother of the Capt) of Russell was killed, and Sergt. E. Johnson and Walter James of Capt. Terry's company each had a thigh badly broken. I fear that Johnson is mortally wounded. We had put some of our artillery in position, which soon silenced the enemy's guns on the opposite side of the river, and drove them back, and they did not again advance on that day.","While this was going on, Genl. Fremont made an attack on our forces next to Harrisonburg. Our Brigade was ordered to hold the bridge and town against Genl. Shields, which we did, but could hear the fight on the other side, which lasted till nearly night with heavy loss on both sides. Our loss in officers was considerable. Genls Elzey \u0026 Stewart were wounded, though I think not dangerously. Our men drove the enemy back about a mile and held possession of the field during the night, having captured more than 100 prisoners.","On our march the day before from Harrisonburg, Fremont pressed our rear very hardly, and our protection subjected us to the heaviest and saddest loss that we have sustained in the valley. Ashby (but a short time a Brigadier) was killed. He had just made a brilliant charge on the enemy, capturing a Col, Maj., and a number of prisoners. Afterwards and about dark he was leading on foot (his horse having been killed), on Infantry Regt. when he was shot through the heart, and the saddest part of it is, that it is generally believed that he was shot by our own men. He was the most gallant man I ever saw, and withal a good man. When Ashby was between us and the enemy we felt perfectly secure against any surprise, and he was always on the enemy's heels. They had great fear of him. He kept them in constant dread. His place cannot be filled, and his death cast a gloom over the whole army. He had performed more feats of daring and had done more hard and perilous service than any man in the army.","As I have placed Sundays proceedings before Saturday, I will now pass over to Monday. During Sunday our train had been sent on the road towards Waynesboro in Augusta Co. But on Sunday night Genl. Jackson threw a foot bridge across the north branch, ordered his train to turn back and take the road through Brown's Gap into Albemarle, and by a little after sun rise he had the greater portion of his army across the foot bridge and marching against Genl. Shields force, which camped the night before in sight of us about three miles off. Our Brigade and Genl. Trimble's were ordered to hold the large bridge and to resist the advance of Fremont. Our force and Shield's soon became hotly engaged, and the fight became a very hard one. Our men were being severely pressed and suffering a great loss, when Genl Jackson galloped back and ordered me to move forward my Regt at double quick, which I did. He also had the other two Regt of the Brigade ordered forward. ","When I got upon the field, and was putting my men in position for action, the enemy gave way and we rushed forward, passing his battery which he abandoned, having first killed all the horses. In coming up we received a sharp fire. The enemy rallied and partially formed, but we kept on and they gave way again, and commenced a general run, and scatterment. My Regt happened to get in advance, and hounds never pursued a fox with more eagerness than they pursued the flying yankees. Some kept the road and some took the bushes, all intent on capturing a yankee. We captured about 400 prisoners most of whom were taken by my men, among them a number of officers from Col down. We also captured two Regimental flags, all of the enemies artillery (seven or eight guns), all of his ambulances \u0026 c., and a number of small arms.","The Infantry followed about six miles, and the cavalry having come up followed about six further. My men performed many individual acts of bravery one of which I notice, and you may send it to the Abingdon paper for publication. The rout was complete and entire. The prisoners say that Genl. Shields was not present, but that Genl Tyler was in command. We captured a number of our old acquaintances, the 5th Ohio, and our boys were glad to meet with them. After our Brigade crossed the north branch, Genl. Trimble crossed the large bridge and then set fire to it \u0026 burned it down. In a short time Genl. Fremont appeared at the burnt bridge, but could do nothing but listen to the fight and pursuit. On our return from the pursuit we quietly passed within plain view of Genl Fremont's camp, and marched to this place on the Blue Ridge, where we are staying today.","Our camp extends back to within four or five miles of Port Republic. Men were worse mangled in this fight than any that I have been in. Heads \u0026 limbs off and bodies torn open were frequent sights for several miles. ","On Sunday night Capt. Jno. Preston \u0026 Lieut. Jno Humes with fifty men were sent out on picket and were left out when we went into the fight on Monday. After Fremont made his appearance I sent back my Regt to bring in the picket, but he thought that he could not get to them, and come back about midnight last night. I have heard nothing from them since, but think and hope that they have gone to Staunton or Waynesboro, about 18 miles off. I am not in the habit of gathering spoils on the field, but one of me brought me a Col's horse, saddle, bridle \u0026 c. Another gave me a very pretty sword. The horse belonged to Col. Lewis of Pa. He has been a fine horse, but is getting old and is not a good riding horse. I also got the Col's Regimental flag.","You will see from this narrative that we have had a very active and exciting time. We have fought on three Sundays in succession, which will do pretty well for a religious Genl. I got Selina's letter the other day \u0026 will write her when I can. Write soon to Staunton. Don't know when we will go next. Love to Mother \u0026 Selina. \nYour brother \nS.V. Fulkerson ","Mr. F.M. Fulkerson ","Sir- \nIn reply to your letter of the 7th ult. permit me to say that Col. S.V. Fulkerson was an officer of distinguished worth. I deeply felt his death. He rendered valuable service to his country, and had he lived, would probably have been recommended by me before this time for a brigadier generalcy. So far as my knowledge extends, he enjoyed the confidence of his regiment and all who knew him.","I am Sir your obdt. servt  \nT.J. Jackson","V.M. Institute June 4th 1853","Dear Sister, \nI recd your letter the 28th of May. I was very glad to hear that were so well pleased with your school. I suppose that you will come home before you teach another session if you do so at all, Father wrote to me the other day for the first time, they are all well at home Father has sold his mare and bought a buggy, I suppose that he will quit riding horse back and splurge in his buggy for a while, your old Mister Brown was kicked by a horse the other day and broke his leg, his family had bad luck lately.","We will have a great ball on the if nothing happens they are prepareing tolerably rapidly now, the tickets came yesterday. I sent you one of them, I know you will be certain to come or else I would not send it to you","The examination will commence the 20th of June, Sam is on the Board again they meet about the 15th, I have some faint hopes of passing, but it is verry doubtful  I tell you, you must write to me oftener","Your affectionate Brother \nAbram Fulkerson","Virginia Military Institute \nApr 14 1854","Dear Mother \nI recd your letter a few days ago or weeks I am not certain which but however I have not had time to answer it until to day.","I have nothing very new or of much importance to write to you. Circuit court is going on at present in Lexington They are trying Christian the man that killed Cadet Blackburn  there has been a great deal of excitement with the people since it commenced  there is a great many of C. friends attending the trial. I suppose from all accounts that he will be hung","There was another murder committed in town a few weeks ago almost as bad as B's, a man by the name of Winn killed the proprietor of the Washington Hotel, his name was Moore they had a falling out the day he was killed some five or six hours before the fight occurred.  Winn went to his (Moore's) house that night about ten o'clock and called him out into the street + stabbed him through the heart with a knife the knife cut his heart very near into two pieces. He died in a few minutes afterwards. There is two other men in jail for shooting men besides all of this there was a negro hung in Lexington a few weeks ago for the same offence, but it did not appear to have much affect. It seems like Lexington is going to turn out to be one of the most corrupt and immoral places in the State of Virginia.","Virginia wrote to me a few days ago. Sister Alice and the children are all well.  Virginia say she likes her new home very well considering the short time that she has been there.  She did not say whether she was going to school any more at Rogersville or not.","I wrote to Sam sometime ago to know whether I had better go home this summer or put it off until next. He says he thinks I had better stay another year before I go home and indeed I thought so myself  was the reason I wrote to him about it. Therefore I will not have the opportunity of coming home til next July year. I would be very glad if I could come next year but taking every thing into consideration I think it will be best to stay here another year.","I heard from Catherine lately. She is getting along about as common I believe I understand that Frank is going to marry before long. But I do not know whether it is true or not. Dr. Walker's son was here the other day on his way home from Philadelphia. He has been taking medical lessons there, I had a long talk with him.  e stayed in town one day and night. I must bring my letter to a close as I have nothing more to write, tell Balf and Jim to write to me.","Your affectionate Son, \nA. Fulkerson","Cumberland Gap \nMay 18, 1863\n \nMy dear wife- \nYour last kind letter was recd by friday's mail. Your dear letters are my greatest pleasure and do away in a great measure with the horror of separation. The frequency with which we can communicate with each other is a rich blessing and brings us as if we're almost together.","One of our pickets came in the other day and reported that a Mr. Davis was at the lines and desired to enter. This report took me very much by surprise, for although you had mentioned the probability of his coming yet I did not look for him. He only stayed a few hours. After dinner (a very poor one without apology to him) I went [around] to show him some of the curiosities of Cumberland Gap, which he seemed to think would compensate any one for making the visit. He went back up the valley and expected to get home by Wednesday next. Will see you Sunday, if not sooner.","The intelligence of the death of Gen. Jackson came upon us like a shock. We feel that his death is a national calamity. The poorest soldiers among us appreciated his worth - loved the man, and mourn his loss. I knew him well.1  He was my preceptor for more than four years and whilst during that time I did not appreciate the man, as school [schoolboys?]are not like to do, yet I always had great reverence for the man on account of his piety \u0026 uprightness of character. Among the many heroes of this revolution, none have lived so much adored, none have died so much deplored, and none have left a character as spotless as that of Stonewall Jackson. Could his life have been spared till the close of this cruel war, the unanimous voice of a grateful people would have proclaimed him chief ruler of the nation. But God has seen proper to take him from us, and what He does is right and for the best. It is [illegible] therefore that we make the sacrifice cheerfully, th'o we cannot see why our country should be deprived of his services at his her hour of greatest need.","I have no news of importance more than you will see in the papers. The news from Ky is vague and unreliable. It is reported and believed that there are three or four Regmts at Barboursville, 30 miles distant. That Burnsides is preparing to invade E. Tenn. on a large scale there seems no longer to be any doubt. A southern woman the wife of a Lincolnite told Mrs. Patterson today that a runner had just come across the mountain to tell the Union people, they must stay at home, that the Feds would be in, in about three weeks, that where they were found absent it would be an evidence of disloyalty. I will not be surprised if they make an effort about that time.","Mr. Patterson started to the R.R. today - is going to the salt works. I asked him to stop and see you all, but he would not promise. No prospect of any goods yet. Do you want any money? When you need money or any thing else you must not fail to let me know. My love to mother \u0026 Kate. Write often,\nYour affectionate husband \nAF","Field Officers Barracks, Ft. Delaware May 7 1865 ","My dear wife","I have not heard directly from you since the 4th of Feb. Your letter was directed to Ft. Pulaski. I received on my way here at Hilton Head S.C. Since that time we have passed through the most eventful period of the war. The closing scenes are being enacted, and with hearts overwhelmed with grief \u0026 sadness we bow in deep humiliation in their contemplation. The present, thank God, is only the \"beginning of the end.\" The military power of the South is broken, the spirit is not. The ball has been put in motion by the people of the South, an impetus has been given it, which will eventually result in the destruction of the U.S. Government and if not in the independence of the South, certainly in the disenthrallment of her people. Ten years will see us under the protecting wing of a foreign power, or independent.","I expect to meet you soon, not crowned with the laurels of victory but with the oath crammed down my throat, a quiescent citizen of the United States. I have the sweet consolation of being conscious of having served the cause faithfully. I sacrificed everything but life, and hazarded that, many times \u0026 in many ways, in behalf of my country. I have not the slightest fear that any man can ever point at me the finger of scorn and say \"you done it.\" I have performed my duty and now abandon the cause as (at present) hopeless, without in the least having changed my opinion as to the justness of that cause. I go now to share with the people of the south the deep humiliation which will be dictated by yankee vindictiveness.","I have heard from you thr'o your father up to March 1st. Receive letters from him often. Says he will send you money \u0026 c thr'o Mr. Armstrong. Hope you may have no difficulty in getting along. I cannot tell when I will be released, but probably soon. My love to Kate. Tell the boy, I'll be home soon. Your affect. husband. A. Fulkerson P.W.","Officers Barracks  \nFt. Delaware  \nMay 13, 1865 ","My dear wife- \nYour esteemed letter of the 17th April, via Knoxville reached me a few days since. I cannot express my gratification at learning that you were all well, and living. The terrible events which have transpired in the Confederacy within the past two months, and my great anxiety about you, taken together, had rendered me very unhappy, indeed wretched.","The last letter but one from you was dated 4th Feb and recd at Hilton Head S.C. the day after our departure from Ft. Pulaski. I have written you several times since my arrival here, via Richmond. About a week ago I sent you a letter to the care of Mr. Armstrong, but as I was in a very unhappy humor about them \"Cause\" it is probable that much that I said was too harsh and \"contraband\" and caused the\"confiscation\" of the letter. ","We left Ft. Pulaski on the 4th March, ordered by Genrl. Grant to be exchanged. When we reached Old Point active operations had commenced on the James, were sent here. The result of the campaign was disastrous to our aims. It has ended our hopes for exchange, if not for liberty itself. I cannot talk about our misfortunes in a letter, but must wait till I see you. It seems at present, that the only means of getting out of prison, is by taking the oath. It is probable therefore I will return to you soon, not crowned with victorious laurels, but as a loyal subject (overpowered) of the U.S. I do not know whether you would recognize me as a citizen or not, perhaps you may, if necessity forces it upon me.","I hear from your father often. He wrote me he was making arrangements to send you money \u0026 clothing th'ro Mr. Armstrong. I hope it will not be inconvenient for Kate to keep you with her til I am released. My health is now very good. Your affectionate husband. A. Fulkerson.  \nLove to Mrs. H and the boy (as you may not receive this for months, I will say our boy)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFulkerson Family papers, 1835-1925. MS 0363. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Fulkerson Family papers, 1835-1925. MS 0363. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr.          (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nIn addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattles of Port Republic and Kernstown\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeath of Turner Ashby\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefugee and civilian life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCamp life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAlso included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia. Topics include family news and talks of Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s first days at VMI and encourages him to study, stating \"you now have a chance of getting a better education and of\ndoing more for yourself than any of your brothers have ever had an opportunity of getting or doing for themselves, and if you do not turn you chance to good advantage it will be your own fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Topics include Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s progress at VMI and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI examinations and grades. Samuel V. Fulkerson warns Abram Fulkerson, Jr. about the excessive number of demerits and cautions about leaving school, stating \"I do not like to hear you expressing a desire to resign. You know that a great part of your expense is paid by the state, and that you have undertaken to teach two years in the state as a sort of recompense. You will not forget this obligation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI finances and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s \"unkind conduct.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a recent trip and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards Civil War news and concerns for family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp near New Market, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Kernstown, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport after the Battle of McDowell, Virginia. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Augusta County, Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and a recent battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport written to Major R. L. Dabney. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment in the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript copy. The letter discusses the character of General Stonewall Jackson and the events at the Battle of Port Republic, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter, Stonewall Jackson extends condolences after the death of Samuel V. Fulkerson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppointment to the VMI Board of Visitors (1853) and to judgeship (1857).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes letters two letters and one letter fragment written while Abram Fulkerson, Jr. was a cadet at VMI and three letters written during his Civil War service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news, the military ball, and exams. The letter includes an invitation to the military ball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news and the trial of Charles Christian for the murder of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Cumberland Gap. Letter regards the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and defeat of the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and being exchanged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains financial and business papers, and genealogical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of three items of correspondence, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetter from Margaret Fulkerson (Vance) to Mrs. Jane Preston (dated October 24, 1835)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetter from J. S. Bradley to his cousin Harriet Fulkerson (dated July 24, 1847)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetter from Dolly Bradley to Harriet Fulkerson (dated February 27, 1848) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr.          (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include:\n Civil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862) Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862) Wartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war. A letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle \nIn addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include:\n Battles of Port Republic and Kernstown Death of Turner Ashby Refugee and civilian life Camp life References to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death \nAlso included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.","Written from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia. Topics include family news and talks of Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s first days at VMI and encourages him to study, stating \"you now have a chance of getting a better education and of\ndoing more for yourself than any of your brothers have ever had an opportunity of getting or doing for themselves, and if you do not turn you chance to good advantage it will be your own fault.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Topics include Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s progress at VMI and family news.","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI examinations and grades. Samuel V. Fulkerson warns Abram Fulkerson, Jr. about the excessive number of demerits and cautions about leaving school, stating \"I do not like to hear you expressing a desire to resign. You know that a great part of your expense is paid by the state, and that you have undertaken to teach two years in the state as a sort of recompense. You will not forget this obligation.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI finances and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s \"unkind conduct.\"","Letter regards a recent trip and family news.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards Civil War news and concerns for family.","Written from camp near New Market, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Kernstown, Virginia.","Report after the Battle of McDowell, Virginia. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment.","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and a recent battle.","Report written to Major R. L. Dabney. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment in the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Typescript copy. The letter discusses the character of General Stonewall Jackson and the events at the Battle of Port Republic, Virginia.","In the letter, Stonewall Jackson extends condolences after the death of Samuel V. Fulkerson.","Appointment to the VMI Board of Visitors (1853) and to judgeship (1857).","This series includes letters two letters and one letter fragment written while Abram Fulkerson, Jr. was a cadet at VMI and three letters written during his Civil War service.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news, the military ball, and exams. The letter includes an invitation to the military ball.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news and the trial of Charles Christian for the murder of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Cumberland Gap. Letter regards the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and defeat of the South.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and being exchanged.","This series contains financial and business papers, and genealogical information.","This series consists of three items of correspondence, including:\n Letter from Margaret Fulkerson (Vance) to Mrs. Jane Preston (dated October 24, 1835) Letter from J. S. Bradley to his cousin Harriet Fulkerson (dated July 24, 1847) Letter from Dolly Bradley to Harriet Fulkerson (dated February 27, 1848) "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_037e0e501ef493707a01e4a9bf4b0596\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Williams, Titus V. (Titus Vespasian), 1835-1908","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"persname_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Williams, Titus V. (Titus Vespasian), 1835-1908","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.253Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_596.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00012.xml","title_ssm":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1835-1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-1925"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0363","/repositories/3/resources/596"],"text":["MS.0363","/repositories/3/resources/596","Fulkerson Family papers","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 37th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 10th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","Confederate States of America. Army—Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 63rd","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1857","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1884","Virginia Military Institute—Board of Visitors","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","Port Republic, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Kernstown, Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Winchester, 1st Battle of (Virginia : May 25, 1862)","McDowell, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Many items from this collection, including the Civil War material, are   available in full-text format","Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862) was born in Washington County, Virginia to Colonel Abram Fulkerson, Sr. and Margaret Laughlin Vance on October 21, 1822. As a young man he undertook the study of law, and in late 1846 he obtained his license and opened a practice in southwestern Virginia. He served in the United States Army during the Mexican War (1847-1848), and subsequently returned to  practice of law in Estillville and Abingdon, Virginia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial district and held this position until the beginning of the Civil War. He was a member of the VMI Board of Visitors from 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 37th Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed in the Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia on June 26, 1862.","Abram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902) was born on May 13, 1834 in Washington County, Virginia and was the younger brother of Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862). He graduated from VMI in 1857, and after a brief career as a teacher, went on to study law. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment and was a prisoner of war (one of the \"Immortal 600\"). After the War he continued the practice law and was active in politics, serving in the Virginia legislature and in the United States          Congress. He 1862 he married Selina Johnson, of Clarksville,  Tennessee, and the couple had nine children, including Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), VMI Class of 1884. Abram Fulkersonm, Jr. died on December 17, 1902 in Bristol, Virginia.","Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926) was born on October 22, 1863 in Abingdon, Virginia to Abram Fulkerson, Jr. and Selina Johnson. He graduated from VMI in 1884 and subsequently studied law at the University of Virginia. He was a lawyer (partner in the firm of Fulkerson and Davis in Bristol, Virginia) and served two terms as City Attorney. During the Spanish-American War (1898- 1899) he was a member of the Fourth Tennessee Regiment, United States Volunteers. In 1904 he married Lura Bradley of Sherman, Texas, and the couple had twin sons in April 1906. He died on July 2, 1926 in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is buried at East Hill Cemetery, Bristol.","Winchester \n9 March 1862","My Dear Mother \nNot having written or heard from home for sometime, I will write you a short letter today. You will see from the heading of this that we have not yet gone to Manassas and I cannot tell when we will go. We will not get away, unless Winchester is evacuated, while the present state of things exists here.","Genl. Banks with his army has been maneuvering about twelve miles in our front for several days. On day before yesterday we thought that we were certainly in for a fight. Banks attacked our outer posts, when we packed our baggage and sent it to the rear, and marched the men on the Martinsburg road about two miles from Winchester, where we drew up and waited for the approach of the enemy. But after skirmishing with our pickets an hour or two, he withdrew again. We lost only one man, but not of my Regt.","We have not a large force here, and I do not know what Genl. Jackson will do if the enemy advances upon us. All of the public stores have been sent away, and many of the citizens have left. There are a good many here who sympathize with the Yankees, and will be rejoiced if they get possession of Winchester. This is such a beautiful country that I should regret to see it fall into the hands of the Yankees.","Since we came back from Romney we have had three different encampments. First on the Romney Road, but when the enemy crossed at Harper's Ferry we moved and took position on that road about three miles from Winchester; and on yesterday we moved to this place, which is on the Strasburg road about three and a half miles from Winchester near a village called Kernstown.","It is doubtful about how much I will write as I have been over six hours in getting this much written. In a letter from Col. Gibson he asked what I wished you and Kate to do in case the enemy got into our county. If they should get in, and you are willing to do so, I think that you had better remain at home. Refugees have a hard time, and when people leave their homes everything is destroyed. Mr. Faulkner (Honl. Charles J.) told me that his wife had saved his property by staying at home. But if it should come to the worst, and you prefer it, leave and let the property go. I care little for the property except on yours and Kate's account. For myself I feel that I have no home so long as it is threatened by the enemy, and I would willingly give up all I have, and commence the world anew without a thing, rather than that the enemy should subjugate us.","We are very hardly pressed now, and it depends upon the spirit of our people whether we bear up against it, or give way under it. When I see so many men and especially officers shirking duty and who seem to make it a study as to the best manner in which they can get around duty, I almost despair. Many are all the time seeking personal ease or pursuing schemes of personal advancement, and would appear to be willing to sacrifice their country to attain their object. I suppose though that all wars produce the same class of selfish men, and that we must expect to be cursed with them. I do not intend to be troubled hereafter with the reflection that I did not do my duty in this conflict.","I did have some hope that I could go home for a short time this winter, but do not now expect to do so. If I had the permission I would not go now, while we are so near the enemy. Besides, so many of the officers are absent that it would be highly improper for any more to leave. In the absence of Col. Taliaferro I still have command of the 4th Brigade, which now only consists of two regiments and four pieces of artillery.","I learn that we have had very high waters in our country and that much damage has been done. I was sorry to hear that Uncle James had lost his dam. I take it that he will not get his mills to running again for some time. If any of the fence about the creek washed away, get Mr. Hughes or some one to help Lee put it up. Today (Sunday) has been a very spring-like one. Citizens say that this has been a very wet winter here and not as much cold as usual, but still the ground has not been clear of snow since the first of Jany. Scarcely any ploughing has been done here yet, and little else in the farming line. See if you can't get meal and flour from Mrs. Hopkins' mill; If not try at some other place. Henry Roberts might furnish you with meal.","I suffered for two or three weeks with a severe cold, but kept up and am now nearly well again. Jas. Vance is well. He spent this Sunday in building a chimney to his tent. He has said several times that he would not fix up any more. He has built a good many chimneys, but had soon to leave them.","Give my love to Kate and Selina. Tell Selina that she ought to write to me. You and Kate must write soon, and tell me where Ike and Abe are. Tell Amelia Vance that I will write to her when I can. I have nothing to write about but army movements, but they will have as much interest to you as anything else.","Your son, \nSaml. V. Fulkerson","Camp Near New Market \n3 Apl. 1862 ","Dear Kate \nA few days ago I wrote you giving some account of our fight near Winchester. Since that time we have been marching up and down the valley, one day falling back before the enemy and the next advancing towards him, skirmishing with him almost daily. He is now in strong force about ten miles off. Genl. Jackson has taken a position here, but whether he will fight at this place or not I am unable to say. If he has sufficient force he would not wait to be attacked.","I have been unable to hear from Jas. Vance, though I have [missing word or words] letter to Judge Parker of Winchester about him. I cannot think that he was mortally wounded, from what the men say who put him in the ambulance. I feel very much for Uncle James and family in their repeated bereavements. I miss Jimmy greatly, and would be greatly pleased to hear that his wound is not dangerous. I have seen a list of the prisoners who were taken to Baltimore but Jimmie's name is not among them. However, I am not surprised at this, as the wounded would not for awhile be removed from Winchester. I may yet get some information from Winchester about him. ","Capt. Cowan (of Russell) died of his wounds. He was a brave man and good officer. James King was as good a soldier as ever entered the line. He went off with Capt. Jones Co., was transferred to Col. Cummings Regt. and then transferred to mine. After the fight was half over, he remarked that \"he was proud of being in the 37th.\" The poor fellow was shot through the head and did not speak afterwards. Leroy Sherman among others was taken prisoner and is in Baltimore. ","The [people along the valley] claim our fight as a victory, but it is not so. We attacked a greatly superior forces and were repulsed with heavy loss. If night had not set in we would all have been captured or killed. The enemy's loss was very heavy, for our men fought with desperate courage. our loss is 469 killed and wounded. The killed wounded and missing amount to 689. This is an uncommonly heavy loss when we did not have over 3000 men in the fight. A loss of 10 per ct. is regarded as great, but ours was but little less than on fourth. My Regt. sustained the greatest loss, the killed and wounded alone being a little less than one fourth, and including the missing is a little less than one third. The northern papers speak of the terrible slaughter on their side in front of the stone fence behind which I had my Brigade. I learn that at this point the 5th Ohio Regt. was nearly [ruined]--they were a part of the rascals who aided in chasing us from Laurel Hill.","The conduct of the late North western army (Loring's) [missing words] the fight, is spoken of by the Genl. in high terms of praise. There is a difficulty with Genl. Garnett who commanded the Stonewall Brigade, but I can't speak of particulars. Genl. Winder is now in command of that Brigade.","Our men are in fine spirits and I think will fight as well now as they did at Winchester, although they feel sad, when they think of the fall of their comrades. Our flagstaff was shot down, but the flag bearer instantly raised it again and kept it floating throughout the fight. The days work hurt my horse worse than anything which he has gone through. He was under the saddle from daylight till 11 at night and was greatly excited. The reports of the guns did not scare him, but the whistling of the balls and particularly the minnie ball excited him to the highest pitch. He has not yet recovered. You will see many exaggerated accounts of the fight in the papers. If we can't get a better and more substantial reputation than a mere newspaper one, I don't want [missing words].\nI told Judge Parker [missing words] stay with you at nights during court. He is a refugee and I want to do all for him that I can. Tell Selina that here she can't write to Abe, she can write to me. Try and get the fence put up in some way. Send the enclosed to Mr. Belkin for Judge Camden. Write soon. Love to Mother \u0026 S. \nYour brother, Saml. V. Fulkerson.","Official Report of the Battle of McDowell, May 8th, 1862","Head Qrs. 37 Regt. VA. Vols. Mason's Cabins, Augusta Co., Va.   \n16 May 1862","Sir- \nIn making my official report of the part borne by my Regt in the battle near McDowell on the 8th inst., I have to say; that when I was ordered to the field, being about one mile distant, I had to pass on a portion of the way, up a very rocky \u0026 brushy hollow, which embarrassed the advance of my men greatly, and it being nothing but a defile, and the men having to advance in a single file, the Regt. necessarily stretched out over a long line. They were also much annoyed on the march after entering the field, by the shell from one of the enemies guns. ","When I reached the line of battle at the head of my Regt. (marching by flank) Brig. Genl. Taliaferro informed me that the enemy were endeavoring to turn our right flank by passing over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va Vols were there to prevent the flank movement \u0026 he ordered me to support the 31st. I at once filed into the woods, but not knowing the position of either the 31st or of the enemy, for they were not at that time firing, I got in between the two, but nearer the enemy. On halting to put my men in line, I found that I had with me only my two front companies, Co. A Capt. Terry \u0026 Co. F. Capt. Graham. In pushing forward up the ravine two companies got ahead of the others, and when the remainder got to the line of battle, I with the two first were in the woods. As soon as I formed the two companies I ordered them to give a shout which they did with a hearty good will, and we charged down the hill directly at the enemy, and when we got within forty or fifty yards of him he broke and fled, when we instantly opened fire upon them as they ran. He did not stop running till he got entirely out of the woods around the hill.","When the remainder of the Regt. reached the line of battle in the field they joined in the fight there, but after awhile Maj. Williams brought a portion of it to me in the woods, not knowing that I might be hard pressed there. But before he reached me the woods were clear of the enemy, and I marched all back to the main fight in the field.","When I got on our line it was nearly dark and we could only see the outline of the enemy on the hill side below us, \u0026 that soon disappeared, when we could only direct our fire by the flash of the enemy's guns. The fight was kept up till 9 at night when the enemy withdrew, leaving us in full possession of the field. During the fight some of my men were out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded. ","I have to report the loss of some good officers and brave men. Capt. Terry, a gallant man and model officer, was severely wounded in the leg. Lieuts. Wilhelm, May, Dye, and Fletcher were badly wounded, and the two latter have since died. These Lieuts were young officers, but they nobly did their duty. All of my officers and men who went upon the field acted in the most gallant manner, and it would be unjust to discriminate by name, except in the case of the wounded.* The loss of my Regt. is thirty nine killed and wounded and one missing, a list of whom I herewith enclose.","I feel indebted to Surgeon Hinkle and Asst. Surgeon Butler for their prompt and untiring attention to the wounded. My Acting Adjt. C.T. Duncan also deserves special mention for the manner in which he discharged his duties upon the field.","I cannot close this report without saying that my chaplain the Revd. A.B. Carrington deserves the highest praise for his conduct during and since the fight. He was struck by a spent ball, and although it made him very sick for awhile, he was and continued to be unremitting in his attention to the wounded.","Respectfully \nSaml. V. Fulkerson Col. 37 Va. Vols \nCapt Wm. B. Pendleton  AAAGenl. 3d Brigade. V.D.","*I am especially indebted to Maj. T.V. Williams for gallantry and good conduct throughout the fight. He was of great benefit in placing the men in their proper positions.","Camp at Mason's Cabins. Augusta Co.  16 May 1862 ","Dear Kate \nIt has been a good while since I wrote and the reason is that I have not had an opportunity of writing, and I feel little like it now. We have been constantly marching, fighting and watching for more than a month, and the consequence is that we are all nearly broken down, with fatigue, loss of sleep and irregularity in eating. But his being the day set apart by the President for humiliation and prayer, Genl. Jackson has ordered his army to observe it, and to abstain from all military duty, and that divine service be had in all of the Regts. But as it is now and has been raining for two days, there will be little chance for preaching out of doors.","I believe that I wrote you from Meecham's River Depot in Albemarle Co. A portion of the Regt. took the cars there for Staunton and the remainder marched on to the side of the Blue Ridge where they went on to the cars and got to Staunton about day, not having eaten anything or slept any since the night before. We stayed at Staunton that {night} and left the next day in this direction. We joined Genl. Johnson's (Alleghany) forces about six miles from Staunton. The enemy had one Regt at the east foot of the Shenandoah mountains near this place. This we came near surprising and taking with four pieces of their cannon. But they escaped, leaving all of their baggage and camp equipage and commissary stores in our hands. They fled cross the mountain to the western foot where they had two other Regts, which became alarmed \u0026 fled leaving everything, and all fell back to McDowell where their main body (Genl. Milroy in command) was stationed.","We then went into camp and on the morning of the 8th we moved towards McDowell. This is a village in Highland county about thirty miles from Staunton and ten from Monterey. Genl Johnson with his brigade was sent forward as the advance and our Brigade (10th, 23rd, and 37th Va. Vols) followed. When within about a mile of McDowell light skirmishing began, which was kept up till evening, we in the mean time having been halted about a mile in the rear. In the evening our advance Brigade and the enemy became engaged in a general fight and we were ordered forward at a double quick. A portion of the way over which we had to go was up a very rocky and brushy hollow, and when we reached our line of battle we were nearly out of breath. All along the way we were exposed to the enemy's file by their shooting at our advance and the balls striking among and around us. The whistling of the bullets excited my horse so much that he became unmanageable and I had to send him to the rear before I got upon the field. When I got on the field I asked the Genl. where my Regt. should be placed, when he said that the enemy were trying to turn our right flank over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va. was there for the purpose of holding them back and that I must support the 31st. I at once double quicked into the woods. When I got there I found that I had but two companies (Capt. Terry's \u0026 Capt. Graham's) in consequence of my having hurried the front up the hollow so fast that they left the remainder behind and out of sight. One of the enemy's cannon was also brought to bear upon the Regt. which also embarrassed the rear. I did not know the position either of the 31st or the enemy in the woods, as they were not firing. The consequence was that I entered the woods between the two, but nearer the enemy. ","I at once formed my two companies, gave them the order to raise a shout, which they did very lustily, and we charged down the hill right at the foe. They stood till we got within forty or fifty yards of them when they broke and fled and we opened fire upon them as they ran. We ran them entirely out of the woods. Our movement was so sudden and unexpected that the enemy seemed to be surprised and much frightened. It seemed like a bold move, but I think it was the best for my men, as I only lost two men wounded (one of them mortally) at this point. The remainder of the Regt. not knowing where I was went into the main fight when they came upon the field, but after a while a portion of them we ordered to join me in the woods which they did, but there being no enemy in the woods at this time I took them all back and entered the fight in the field.","It was nearly dark and we could only see the outlines of the enemy, which was soon lost \u0026 we had to fire by the flash of their guns. The fight lasted till 9 oclk at night, when the enemy withdrew leaving us in possession of the field. The ground selected by the foe was well chosen and particularly advantageous in a night fight. The enemy had been reinforced the day before by Genl Schenck with three or four thousand men, and they fought obstinately. At one time they approached through the bushes to within 20 yards of two of my companies, but were driven back, leaving their flag bearer and flag upon the field. This was an Ohio Rgt. (32nd). I had the wounded flag bearer taken up \u0026 sent back with my wounded, but I believe he died next day. The flag was so torn to pieces that my men took some of it and some other men some. Col. Campbell's Regt. got into the fight about dark and the remainder of his Brigade did not get in at all I believe. The Stonewall Brigade, being several miles off, did not get on the field till after the fight was over.","I lost forty men in killed and wounded. Some of the wounded have since died, and others are dangerous. Three have had their legs amputated. We stayed upon the field nearly all night gathering up and sending off the killed and wounded. The 12th Geo. Regt. suffered most terribly. They were in the advance and ordered to hold a very exposed position. They lost about 180 men killed and wounded. After their ammunition gave out, they lay down and held the place at the point of the bayonet. Many of my men got out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded, and in that way kept them shooting. We had no cannon in the fight. After the dead were collected on the field and laid in rows of then or fifteen, the dim moonlight gave to their countenances an unusual unearthly appearance. Our loss in officers is heavy, and I think that our whole loss is not less than 400. Genl. Johnson was wounded. Col. Gibbons of the 10th was killed. He was one of the best men I ever saw. Maj. Campbell (James C.) was wounded before he got on the field, but I think not dangerously.","I cannot tell what the enemy's loss was. They left some on the field, some in McDowell and scattered along at other places. Immediately after the fight the enemy burned all their baggage and stores at McDowell and retreated. At daylight they had all gone, and we started in pursuit. We followed three days march and came up with their rear at Franklin in Pendleton Co. We skirmished with them over a day, when we were ordered back, I do not know for what cause. It was reported that Genl. Fremont had brought on reinforcements and that a portion of Rosencranz force had joined Milroy. But I do not know that these reasons influenced Genl. Jackson. I do not know where we are going to, but think that we will not go to Staunton.","I received your letter enclosing copies of Abe's \u0026 Arthur's. I am very anxious to hear what Abe's fate has been. Write about him and Ike. Mr. Carrington is going to preach, and I do not feel like writing more. He was struck by a spent ball in the fight, but it only made him sick for awhile. Write soon and direct to Staunton. My love to Mother and Selina. I have heard nothing from J. Vance since I last wrote. \nYour brother Saml. V. Fulkerson","Head Quarters 3 Brigade, Valley District   \nCamp near Winchester, VA \n28 May 1862  ","Sir- \nIn making my report of the part acted by the 3rd Brigade in the battle near Winchester on the 25th inst., I have to say that on the morning of the 24th the Brigade left its bivouac four miles south of Front Royal at daylight and marched to Middletown, and thence down the main valley Pike in the direction of Winchester. Owing to delay occasioned by the enemy's skirmishers embarrassing the advance of the head of the column, daylight cam upon us near Kernstown, after which we quickly advanced to the mills south of Winchester, at which time a vigorous fire was going on between our own and the enemy's batteries.","I was ordered to file my Brigade to the left of the Pike and take position under shelter of a hill for the purpose of supporting one of our batteries. I was also ordered to report to Genl. Winder who was already upon the ground. I placed the 23rd \u0026 37th Va. Vols in the position indicated, when Genl Winder ordered me to occupy a wooded hill in an adjoining field, with one Regt, which position he informed me, the enemy were on the move to occupy. I at once ordered Col. Warren with the 10th Va Vols to take position on the hill which he quickly did. In a short time Genl. Winder ordered me to place another Regt. on the hill with the 10th, when I ordered Maj. Williams to march the 37th there which he did with dispatch. ","During all of the time of these movements, and in fact from the time when the Brigade first entered the field, it was exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries and long range small arms. After these movements had been executed Col. Taliaferro was ordered to move the 23rd forward and charge a battery of the enemy in his front. He pushed forward with his Regt. in gallant style. But in the meantime Genl. Taylor's Louisiana Brigade had come upon the field, formed and moved in the direction of the enemy, coming up upon the left of Col. Taliaferro.  The 37th \u0026 10th followed immediately after Genl. Taylor's Brigade. On rushing the top of the ridge on which the enemy's batteries had been placed, a sharp musketry fire ensued, but soon a general charge was made by our whole line when the enemy gave way and fled precipitately through Winchester in the wildest confusion. We followed in immediate pursuit on the Martinsburg road, for four miles from Winchester, where we were halted. A list of the casualties is herewith furnished, from which it will be seen that the loss of the Brigade is, comparatively, very light.","Col. Taliaferro commanding the 23rd, Col Warren commanding the 10th and Maj. Williams commanding the 37th acted in the most gallant \u0026 efficient manner. I refer to the reports of Col. Taliaferro, Col. Warren, \u0026 Maj. Williams for the conduct of the officers \u0026 men of their respective Regts. I with pride bear testimony to the gallant conduct of the whole Brigade both officers and men.","I am indebted to Capt. Wm. B. Pendleton A.A.A. Genl. for his gallant conduct and prompt and cheerful manner with which he executed my orders. Capt Wooding's battery was not placed in position during the day. Respectfully \nSaml V. Fulkerson \nCol. Comd. Brigd.","Port Republic, Rockingham Co.  \n8 [June] 1862 ","Dear Kate \nThe place at which this letter is written is a pretty village near the foot of the Blue Ridge and about twelve miles from Harrisonburg, at the junction of the North and South Rivers, which form the Shenandoah.","I wrote you last from Winchester shortly after our arrival there, giving you an account of our march and proceedings up to that time. Since then we have undergone and almost incredible amount of hardship. We stayed at Winchester two days after taking the place and then proceeded to Charles Town and Harper's Ferry. We found a few of the enemy at Charles Town, but soon drove them down to the Ferry, where they made a stand having been largely re-enforced from Washington \u0026 elsewhere. The enemy were in position on Bolivar Heights on the Va. side and on the heights on the Maryland side of the river. Both of these positions had been fortified by Genl. Johnston last summer.","A portion of our forces crossed the Shenandoah river and took possession of Louden Heights. This was in the evening, a brisk cannonading going on, which was renewed the next morning, and continued till the enemy was driven from the Bolivar across the Potomac. About this time Genl. Jackson received information that Genl. Shields was crossing the Blue Ridge and Genl. Fremont was coming from Moorfield to form a junction at Strasburg and thus cut us off. This placed us in the hardest place that we have ever yet been. Genl. Jackson immediately ordered us to march back. We had about fifty miles to make to pass Strasburg, and our men were already terribly broken down by continued and hard marching. We marched to our camps near Winchester that night and next morning at day light started to Strasburg, which we reached before night. We had now marched about 70 miles in less than three days, in going to and returning from Harpers Ferry.","Gen. Shields was now at [Front] Port Royal, some 8 or 9 miles from Strasburg, and Genl. Fremont was 7 miles from Strasburg on the Moorefield road. So you see that we had only a gap of about 15 miles wide to get out at. During Saturday night I received an order from Genl. Jackson (I was still in command of our Brigade) to proceed next morning (Sunday) at daylight, some two or three miles on the Moorefield road, take position and resist the advance of the enemy. Before I could get a position, our scouts informed me that the enemy was advancing, when I hurried forward to a suitable position, and made disposition of my own and two other Brigades which were for the time under my command.","I sent forward a company of cavalry, which soon returned at the top of their speed with the enemy's cavalry close after them. We drove these back, but in a very short time the enemy's infantry came down the road and through the woods at double quick, and when they got within range halted and opened a brisk fire upon us, which was kept up for some time when they were driven back again. By this time Gen. Ewell came upon the field and assumed command of the whole. After the enemy's infantry were driven back, they placed two pieces of cannon in position and the two forces kept up a very pretty and brisk artillery duel for an hour or more, when the enemy withdrew from the field. After this Genl Jackson came out and said that he did not want to bring on a general engagement then, and ordered us to fall back towards Strasburg. I do not think that we had more than 10 or 15 men killed and wounded. My Regt. had none hurt.","[At this point, according to the sentence below, the date is now June 10th]\nA little after dark we left Strasburg for Woodstock to which place the waggon had been sent, and we had a terrible march. (This writing above was suddenly stopped about 8 oclk on Sunday morning last by the enemies cannon, and I will now try to finish on this the 10th). We got to Woodstock about daylight, all broken completely down and seemingly half dead. We were dogged all night by the enemy's cavalry, and I know that they picked up many of our broken down stragglers. I have between thirty and forty men missing, most I fear were taken. It is not to be wondered at. Many of the poor fellows actually walked much of that weary night, fast asleep, so worn out and exhausted were they with their terrible duty. I do not think that our Genl. exercised due diligence in getting his captured stores to a secure place. There was a vast amount of them, the greater portion of which he saved. But Genl. Shields made his appearance so suddenly at Front Royal that a portion of the stores captured there were retaken together with some of our wagons.","We marched from Woodstock to near Harrisonburg, and the next day to near Port Republic, which place we reached on Saturday evening. I thought the next day, being Sunday, that we would rest, and I began to write this letter, when I was stopped by the roar of cannon down at the town. The town is located in the fork of the two rivers, the north and larger branch being bridged, the other not. The enemy's cavalry had dashed into town, with two pieces of artillery, one of which they planted at the end of the bridge, and with a third they began a fire from the opposite side of the river. Genl Jackson was in town and was taken completely by surprise and came near being captured. ","We were camped about three quarters of a mile from town on the north side of the river. The enemy (Genl Shields force) had come up the river on the south side from Elk Run. In a very short time we were ordered to double quick to the bridge. My Regt. was just in the act of forming for inspection, and we got the start of the others. We passed through a wheat field with the enemy's gun from the other side of the river playing upon us. When we got to the top of the hill near the bridge the gun at the other end opened with grape upon us. My men returned the fire, when Genl. Jackson ordered me to charge through the bridge and take the gun. I led off and my men followed. We rushed through the bridge, captured the gun, and pursued the enemy through the town and until he crossed the south branch. I could have captured the other cannon in town, but I did not know of but one ford. We rushed to that, but found the enemy crossing higher up. We opened fire on them, killing some horses and two or three men and taking six or eight prisoners.","Charging in at one end of a bridge with a cannon yawning in at the other is no very pleasant past time. But my men went in so well, that it elicited the praise of the Genl. and all who witnessed it. When we got to the cannon, the smoke of the last fire was still issuing from its mouth. We charged them so quickly and so vigorously that my loss was little. Yancey Smith (brother of the Capt) of Russell was killed, and Sergt. E. Johnson and Walter James of Capt. Terry's company each had a thigh badly broken. I fear that Johnson is mortally wounded. We had put some of our artillery in position, which soon silenced the enemy's guns on the opposite side of the river, and drove them back, and they did not again advance on that day.","While this was going on, Genl. Fremont made an attack on our forces next to Harrisonburg. Our Brigade was ordered to hold the bridge and town against Genl. Shields, which we did, but could hear the fight on the other side, which lasted till nearly night with heavy loss on both sides. Our loss in officers was considerable. Genls Elzey \u0026 Stewart were wounded, though I think not dangerously. Our men drove the enemy back about a mile and held possession of the field during the night, having captured more than 100 prisoners.","On our march the day before from Harrisonburg, Fremont pressed our rear very hardly, and our protection subjected us to the heaviest and saddest loss that we have sustained in the valley. Ashby (but a short time a Brigadier) was killed. He had just made a brilliant charge on the enemy, capturing a Col, Maj., and a number of prisoners. Afterwards and about dark he was leading on foot (his horse having been killed), on Infantry Regt. when he was shot through the heart, and the saddest part of it is, that it is generally believed that he was shot by our own men. He was the most gallant man I ever saw, and withal a good man. When Ashby was between us and the enemy we felt perfectly secure against any surprise, and he was always on the enemy's heels. They had great fear of him. He kept them in constant dread. His place cannot be filled, and his death cast a gloom over the whole army. He had performed more feats of daring and had done more hard and perilous service than any man in the army.","As I have placed Sundays proceedings before Saturday, I will now pass over to Monday. During Sunday our train had been sent on the road towards Waynesboro in Augusta Co. But on Sunday night Genl. Jackson threw a foot bridge across the north branch, ordered his train to turn back and take the road through Brown's Gap into Albemarle, and by a little after sun rise he had the greater portion of his army across the foot bridge and marching against Genl. Shields force, which camped the night before in sight of us about three miles off. Our Brigade and Genl. Trimble's were ordered to hold the large bridge and to resist the advance of Fremont. Our force and Shield's soon became hotly engaged, and the fight became a very hard one. Our men were being severely pressed and suffering a great loss, when Genl Jackson galloped back and ordered me to move forward my Regt at double quick, which I did. He also had the other two Regt of the Brigade ordered forward. ","When I got upon the field, and was putting my men in position for action, the enemy gave way and we rushed forward, passing his battery which he abandoned, having first killed all the horses. In coming up we received a sharp fire. The enemy rallied and partially formed, but we kept on and they gave way again, and commenced a general run, and scatterment. My Regt happened to get in advance, and hounds never pursued a fox with more eagerness than they pursued the flying yankees. Some kept the road and some took the bushes, all intent on capturing a yankee. We captured about 400 prisoners most of whom were taken by my men, among them a number of officers from Col down. We also captured two Regimental flags, all of the enemies artillery (seven or eight guns), all of his ambulances \u0026 c., and a number of small arms.","The Infantry followed about six miles, and the cavalry having come up followed about six further. My men performed many individual acts of bravery one of which I notice, and you may send it to the Abingdon paper for publication. The rout was complete and entire. The prisoners say that Genl. Shields was not present, but that Genl Tyler was in command. We captured a number of our old acquaintances, the 5th Ohio, and our boys were glad to meet with them. After our Brigade crossed the north branch, Genl. Trimble crossed the large bridge and then set fire to it \u0026 burned it down. In a short time Genl. Fremont appeared at the burnt bridge, but could do nothing but listen to the fight and pursuit. On our return from the pursuit we quietly passed within plain view of Genl Fremont's camp, and marched to this place on the Blue Ridge, where we are staying today.","Our camp extends back to within four or five miles of Port Republic. Men were worse mangled in this fight than any that I have been in. Heads \u0026 limbs off and bodies torn open were frequent sights for several miles. ","On Sunday night Capt. Jno. Preston \u0026 Lieut. Jno Humes with fifty men were sent out on picket and were left out when we went into the fight on Monday. After Fremont made his appearance I sent back my Regt to bring in the picket, but he thought that he could not get to them, and come back about midnight last night. I have heard nothing from them since, but think and hope that they have gone to Staunton or Waynesboro, about 18 miles off. I am not in the habit of gathering spoils on the field, but one of me brought me a Col's horse, saddle, bridle \u0026 c. Another gave me a very pretty sword. The horse belonged to Col. Lewis of Pa. He has been a fine horse, but is getting old and is not a good riding horse. I also got the Col's Regimental flag.","You will see from this narrative that we have had a very active and exciting time. We have fought on three Sundays in succession, which will do pretty well for a religious Genl. I got Selina's letter the other day \u0026 will write her when I can. Write soon to Staunton. Don't know when we will go next. Love to Mother \u0026 Selina. \nYour brother \nS.V. Fulkerson ","Mr. F.M. Fulkerson ","Sir- \nIn reply to your letter of the 7th ult. permit me to say that Col. S.V. Fulkerson was an officer of distinguished worth. I deeply felt his death. He rendered valuable service to his country, and had he lived, would probably have been recommended by me before this time for a brigadier generalcy. So far as my knowledge extends, he enjoyed the confidence of his regiment and all who knew him.","I am Sir your obdt. servt  \nT.J. Jackson","V.M. Institute June 4th 1853","Dear Sister, \nI recd your letter the 28th of May. I was very glad to hear that were so well pleased with your school. I suppose that you will come home before you teach another session if you do so at all, Father wrote to me the other day for the first time, they are all well at home Father has sold his mare and bought a buggy, I suppose that he will quit riding horse back and splurge in his buggy for a while, your old Mister Brown was kicked by a horse the other day and broke his leg, his family had bad luck lately.","We will have a great ball on the if nothing happens they are prepareing tolerably rapidly now, the tickets came yesterday. I sent you one of them, I know you will be certain to come or else I would not send it to you","The examination will commence the 20th of June, Sam is on the Board again they meet about the 15th, I have some faint hopes of passing, but it is verry doubtful  I tell you, you must write to me oftener","Your affectionate Brother \nAbram Fulkerson","Virginia Military Institute \nApr 14 1854","Dear Mother \nI recd your letter a few days ago or weeks I am not certain which but however I have not had time to answer it until to day.","I have nothing very new or of much importance to write to you. Circuit court is going on at present in Lexington They are trying Christian the man that killed Cadet Blackburn  there has been a great deal of excitement with the people since it commenced  there is a great many of C. friends attending the trial. I suppose from all accounts that he will be hung","There was another murder committed in town a few weeks ago almost as bad as B's, a man by the name of Winn killed the proprietor of the Washington Hotel, his name was Moore they had a falling out the day he was killed some five or six hours before the fight occurred.  Winn went to his (Moore's) house that night about ten o'clock and called him out into the street + stabbed him through the heart with a knife the knife cut his heart very near into two pieces. He died in a few minutes afterwards. There is two other men in jail for shooting men besides all of this there was a negro hung in Lexington a few weeks ago for the same offence, but it did not appear to have much affect. It seems like Lexington is going to turn out to be one of the most corrupt and immoral places in the State of Virginia.","Virginia wrote to me a few days ago. Sister Alice and the children are all well.  Virginia say she likes her new home very well considering the short time that she has been there.  She did not say whether she was going to school any more at Rogersville or not.","I wrote to Sam sometime ago to know whether I had better go home this summer or put it off until next. He says he thinks I had better stay another year before I go home and indeed I thought so myself  was the reason I wrote to him about it. Therefore I will not have the opportunity of coming home til next July year. I would be very glad if I could come next year but taking every thing into consideration I think it will be best to stay here another year.","I heard from Catherine lately. She is getting along about as common I believe I understand that Frank is going to marry before long. But I do not know whether it is true or not. Dr. Walker's son was here the other day on his way home from Philadelphia. He has been taking medical lessons there, I had a long talk with him.  e stayed in town one day and night. I must bring my letter to a close as I have nothing more to write, tell Balf and Jim to write to me.","Your affectionate Son, \nA. Fulkerson","Cumberland Gap \nMay 18, 1863\n \nMy dear wife- \nYour last kind letter was recd by friday's mail. Your dear letters are my greatest pleasure and do away in a great measure with the horror of separation. The frequency with which we can communicate with each other is a rich blessing and brings us as if we're almost together.","One of our pickets came in the other day and reported that a Mr. Davis was at the lines and desired to enter. This report took me very much by surprise, for although you had mentioned the probability of his coming yet I did not look for him. He only stayed a few hours. After dinner (a very poor one without apology to him) I went [around] to show him some of the curiosities of Cumberland Gap, which he seemed to think would compensate any one for making the visit. He went back up the valley and expected to get home by Wednesday next. Will see you Sunday, if not sooner.","The intelligence of the death of Gen. Jackson came upon us like a shock. We feel that his death is a national calamity. The poorest soldiers among us appreciated his worth - loved the man, and mourn his loss. I knew him well.1  He was my preceptor for more than four years and whilst during that time I did not appreciate the man, as school [schoolboys?]are not like to do, yet I always had great reverence for the man on account of his piety \u0026 uprightness of character. Among the many heroes of this revolution, none have lived so much adored, none have died so much deplored, and none have left a character as spotless as that of Stonewall Jackson. Could his life have been spared till the close of this cruel war, the unanimous voice of a grateful people would have proclaimed him chief ruler of the nation. But God has seen proper to take him from us, and what He does is right and for the best. It is [illegible] therefore that we make the sacrifice cheerfully, th'o we cannot see why our country should be deprived of his services at his her hour of greatest need.","I have no news of importance more than you will see in the papers. The news from Ky is vague and unreliable. It is reported and believed that there are three or four Regmts at Barboursville, 30 miles distant. That Burnsides is preparing to invade E. Tenn. on a large scale there seems no longer to be any doubt. A southern woman the wife of a Lincolnite told Mrs. Patterson today that a runner had just come across the mountain to tell the Union people, they must stay at home, that the Feds would be in, in about three weeks, that where they were found absent it would be an evidence of disloyalty. I will not be surprised if they make an effort about that time.","Mr. Patterson started to the R.R. today - is going to the salt works. I asked him to stop and see you all, but he would not promise. No prospect of any goods yet. Do you want any money? When you need money or any thing else you must not fail to let me know. My love to mother \u0026 Kate. Write often,\nYour affectionate husband \nAF","Field Officers Barracks, Ft. Delaware May 7 1865 ","My dear wife","I have not heard directly from you since the 4th of Feb. Your letter was directed to Ft. Pulaski. I received on my way here at Hilton Head S.C. Since that time we have passed through the most eventful period of the war. The closing scenes are being enacted, and with hearts overwhelmed with grief \u0026 sadness we bow in deep humiliation in their contemplation. The present, thank God, is only the \"beginning of the end.\" The military power of the South is broken, the spirit is not. The ball has been put in motion by the people of the South, an impetus has been given it, which will eventually result in the destruction of the U.S. Government and if not in the independence of the South, certainly in the disenthrallment of her people. Ten years will see us under the protecting wing of a foreign power, or independent.","I expect to meet you soon, not crowned with the laurels of victory but with the oath crammed down my throat, a quiescent citizen of the United States. I have the sweet consolation of being conscious of having served the cause faithfully. I sacrificed everything but life, and hazarded that, many times \u0026 in many ways, in behalf of my country. I have not the slightest fear that any man can ever point at me the finger of scorn and say \"you done it.\" I have performed my duty and now abandon the cause as (at present) hopeless, without in the least having changed my opinion as to the justness of that cause. I go now to share with the people of the south the deep humiliation which will be dictated by yankee vindictiveness.","I have heard from you thr'o your father up to March 1st. Receive letters from him often. Says he will send you money \u0026 c thr'o Mr. Armstrong. Hope you may have no difficulty in getting along. I cannot tell when I will be released, but probably soon. My love to Kate. Tell the boy, I'll be home soon. Your affect. husband. A. Fulkerson P.W.","Officers Barracks  \nFt. Delaware  \nMay 13, 1865 ","My dear wife- \nYour esteemed letter of the 17th April, via Knoxville reached me a few days since. I cannot express my gratification at learning that you were all well, and living. The terrible events which have transpired in the Confederacy within the past two months, and my great anxiety about you, taken together, had rendered me very unhappy, indeed wretched.","The last letter but one from you was dated 4th Feb and recd at Hilton Head S.C. the day after our departure from Ft. Pulaski. I have written you several times since my arrival here, via Richmond. About a week ago I sent you a letter to the care of Mr. Armstrong, but as I was in a very unhappy humor about them \"Cause\" it is probable that much that I said was too harsh and \"contraband\" and caused the\"confiscation\" of the letter. ","We left Ft. Pulaski on the 4th March, ordered by Genrl. Grant to be exchanged. When we reached Old Point active operations had commenced on the James, were sent here. The result of the campaign was disastrous to our aims. It has ended our hopes for exchange, if not for liberty itself. I cannot talk about our misfortunes in a letter, but must wait till I see you. It seems at present, that the only means of getting out of prison, is by taking the oath. It is probable therefore I will return to you soon, not crowned with victorious laurels, but as a loyal subject (overpowered) of the U.S. I do not know whether you would recognize me as a citizen or not, perhaps you may, if necessity forces it upon me.","I hear from your father often. He wrote me he was making arrangements to send you money \u0026 clothing th'ro Mr. Armstrong. I hope it will not be inconvenient for Kate to keep you with her til I am released. My health is now very good. Your affectionate husband. A. Fulkerson.  \nLove to Mrs. H and the boy (as you may not receive this for months, I will say our boy)","The collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr.          (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include:\n Civil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862) Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862) Wartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war. A letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle \nIn addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include:\n Battles of Port Republic and Kernstown Death of Turner Ashby Refugee and civilian life Camp life References to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death \nAlso included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.","Written from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia. Topics include family news and talks of Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s first days at VMI and encourages him to study, stating \"you now have a chance of getting a better education and of\ndoing more for yourself than any of your brothers have ever had an opportunity of getting or doing for themselves, and if you do not turn you chance to good advantage it will be your own fault.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Topics include Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s progress at VMI and family news.","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI examinations and grades. Samuel V. Fulkerson warns Abram Fulkerson, Jr. about the excessive number of demerits and cautions about leaving school, stating \"I do not like to hear you expressing a desire to resign. You know that a great part of your expense is paid by the state, and that you have undertaken to teach two years in the state as a sort of recompense. You will not forget this obligation.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI finances and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s \"unkind conduct.\"","Letter regards a recent trip and family news.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards Civil War news and concerns for family.","Written from camp near New Market, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Kernstown, Virginia.","Report after the Battle of McDowell, Virginia. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment.","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and a recent battle.","Report written to Major R. L. Dabney. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment in the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Typescript copy. The letter discusses the character of General Stonewall Jackson and the events at the Battle of Port Republic, Virginia.","In the letter, Stonewall Jackson extends condolences after the death of Samuel V. Fulkerson.","Appointment to the VMI Board of Visitors (1853) and to judgeship (1857).","This series includes letters two letters and one letter fragment written while Abram Fulkerson, Jr. was a cadet at VMI and three letters written during his Civil War service.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news, the military ball, and exams. The letter includes an invitation to the military ball.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news and the trial of Charles Christian for the murder of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Cumberland Gap. Letter regards the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and defeat of the South.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and being exchanged.","This series contains financial and business papers, and genealogical information.","This series consists of three items of correspondence, including:\n Letter from Margaret Fulkerson (Vance) to Mrs. Jane Preston (dated October 24, 1835) Letter from J. S. Bradley to his cousin Harriet Fulkerson (dated July 24, 1847) Letter from Dolly Bradley to Harriet Fulkerson (dated February 27, 1848) ","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Williams, Titus V. (Titus Vespasian), 1835-1908","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0363","/repositories/3/resources/596"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Fulkerson Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns"],"creator_ssm":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"creator_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"creators_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 37th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 10th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","Confederate States of America. Army—Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 63rd","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1857","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1884","Virginia Military Institute—Board of Visitors","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","Port Republic, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Kernstown, Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Winchester, 1st Battle of (Virginia : May 25, 1862)","McDowell, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 37th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 10th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 23rd","Confederate States of America. Army—Tennessee Infantry Regiment, 63rd","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1857","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1884","Virginia Military Institute—Board of Visitors","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","Port Republic, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Kernstown, Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Winchester, 1st Battle of (Virginia : May 25, 1862)","McDowell, Battle of (Virginia : 1862)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 50 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 50 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany items from this collection, including the Civil War material, are \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200363/mode/exact\"\u003e available in full-text format\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Many items from this collection, including the Civil War material, are   available in full-text format"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862) was born in Washington County, Virginia to Colonel Abram Fulkerson, Sr. and Margaret Laughlin Vance on October 21, 1822. As a young man he undertook the study of law, and in late 1846 he obtained his license and opened a practice in southwestern Virginia. He served in the United States Army during the Mexican War (1847-1848), and subsequently returned to  practice of law in Estillville and Abingdon, Virginia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial district and held this position until the beginning of the Civil War. He was a member of the VMI Board of Visitors from 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 37th Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed in the Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia on June 26, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAbram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902) was born on May 13, 1834 in Washington County, Virginia and was the younger brother of Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862). He graduated from VMI in 1857, and after a brief career as a teacher, went on to study law. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment and was a prisoner of war (one of the \"Immortal 600\"). After the War he continued the practice law and was active in politics, serving in the Virginia legislature and in the United States          Congress. He 1862 he married Selina Johnson, of Clarksville,  Tennessee, and the couple had nine children, including Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), VMI Class of 1884. Abram Fulkersonm, Jr. died on December 17, 1902 in Bristol, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSamuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926) was born on October 22, 1863 in Abingdon, Virginia to Abram Fulkerson, Jr. and Selina Johnson. He graduated from VMI in 1884 and subsequently studied law at the University of Virginia. He was a lawyer (partner in the firm of Fulkerson and Davis in Bristol, Virginia) and served two terms as City Attorney. During the Spanish-American War (1898- 1899) he was a member of the Fourth Tennessee Regiment, United States Volunteers. In 1904 he married Lura Bradley of Sherman, Texas, and the couple had twin sons in April 1906. He died on July 2, 1926 in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is buried at East Hill Cemetery, Bristol.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862) was born in Washington County, Virginia to Colonel Abram Fulkerson, Sr. and Margaret Laughlin Vance on October 21, 1822. As a young man he undertook the study of law, and in late 1846 he obtained his license and opened a practice in southwestern Virginia. He served in the United States Army during the Mexican War (1847-1848), and subsequently returned to  practice of law in Estillville and Abingdon, Virginia. In 1857 he was elected judge of the thirteenth judicial district and held this position until the beginning of the Civil War. He was a member of the VMI Board of Visitors from 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 37th Virginia Infantry Regiment. He was killed in the Battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia on June 26, 1862.","Abram Fulkerson, Jr. (1834-1902) was born on May 13, 1834 in Washington County, Virginia and was the younger brother of Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862). He graduated from VMI in 1857, and after a brief career as a teacher, went on to study law. During the Civil War he served as Colonel of the 63rd Tennessee Infantry Regiment and was a prisoner of war (one of the \"Immortal 600\"). After the War he continued the practice law and was active in politics, serving in the Virginia legislature and in the United States          Congress. He 1862 he married Selina Johnson, of Clarksville,  Tennessee, and the couple had nine children, including Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), VMI Class of 1884. Abram Fulkersonm, Jr. died on December 17, 1902 in Bristol, Virginia.","Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926) was born on October 22, 1863 in Abingdon, Virginia to Abram Fulkerson, Jr. and Selina Johnson. He graduated from VMI in 1884 and subsequently studied law at the University of Virginia. He was a lawyer (partner in the firm of Fulkerson and Davis in Bristol, Virginia) and served two terms as City Attorney. During the Spanish-American War (1898- 1899) he was a member of the Fourth Tennessee Regiment, United States Volunteers. In 1904 he married Lura Bradley of Sherman, Texas, and the couple had twin sons in April 1906. He died on July 2, 1926 in Virginia Beach, Virginia and is buried at East Hill Cemetery, Bristol."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinchester\u003cbr\u003e\n9 March 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nNot having written or heard from home for sometime, I will write you a short letter today. You will see from the heading of this that we have not yet gone to Manassas and I cannot tell when we will go. We will not get away, unless Winchester is evacuated, while the present state of things exists here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenl. Banks with his army has been maneuvering about twelve miles in our front for several days. On day before yesterday we thought that we were certainly in for a fight. Banks attacked our outer posts, when we packed our baggage and sent it to the rear, and marched the men on the Martinsburg road about two miles from Winchester, where we drew up and waited for the approach of the enemy. But after skirmishing with our pickets an hour or two, he withdrew again. We lost only one man, but not of my Regt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have not a large force here, and I do not know what Genl. Jackson will do if the enemy advances upon us. All of the public stores have been sent away, and many of the citizens have left. There are a good many here who sympathize with the Yankees, and will be rejoiced if they get possession of Winchester. This is such a beautiful country that I should regret to see it fall into the hands of the Yankees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince we came back from Romney we have had three different encampments. First on the Romney Road, but when the enemy crossed at Harper's Ferry we moved and took position on that road about three miles from Winchester; and on yesterday we moved to this place, which is on the Strasburg road about three and a half miles from Winchester near a village called Kernstown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is doubtful about how much I will write as I have been over six hours in getting this much written. In a letter from Col. Gibson he asked what I wished you and Kate to do in case the enemy got into our county. If they should get in, and you are willing to do so, I think that you had better remain at home. Refugees have a hard time, and when people leave their homes everything is destroyed. Mr. Faulkner (Honl. Charles J.) told me that his wife had saved his property by staying at home. But if it should come to the worst, and you prefer it, leave and let the property go. I care little for the property except on yours and Kate's account. For myself I feel that I have no home so long as it is threatened by the enemy, and I would willingly give up all I have, and commence the world anew without a thing, rather than that the enemy should subjugate us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are very hardly pressed now, and it depends upon the spirit of our people whether we bear up against it, or give way under it. When I see so many men and especially officers shirking duty and who seem to make it a study as to the best manner in which they can get around duty, I almost despair. Many are all the time seeking personal ease or pursuing schemes of personal advancement, and would appear to be willing to sacrifice their country to attain their object. I suppose though that all wars produce the same class of selfish men, and that we must expect to be cursed with them. I do not intend to be troubled hereafter with the reflection that I did not do my duty in this conflict.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI did have some hope that I could go home for a short time this winter, but do not now expect to do so. If I had the permission I would not go now, while we are so near the enemy. Besides, so many of the officers are absent that it would be highly improper for any more to leave. In the absence of Col. Taliaferro I still have command of the 4th Brigade, which now only consists of two regiments and four pieces of artillery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI learn that we have had very high waters in our country and that much damage has been done. I was sorry to hear that Uncle James had lost his dam. I take it that he will not get his mills to running again for some time. If any of the fence about the creek washed away, get Mr. Hughes or some one to help Lee put it up. Today (Sunday) has been a very spring-like one. Citizens say that this has been a very wet winter here and not as much cold as usual, but still the ground has not been clear of snow since the first of Jany. Scarcely any ploughing has been done here yet, and little else in the farming line. See if you can't get meal and flour from Mrs. Hopkins' mill; If not try at some other place. Henry Roberts might furnish you with meal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suffered for two or three weeks with a severe cold, but kept up and am now nearly well again. Jas. Vance is well. He spent this Sunday in building a chimney to his tent. He has said several times that he would not fix up any more. He has built a good many chimneys, but had soon to leave them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to Kate and Selina. Tell Selina that she ought to write to me. You and Kate must write soon, and tell me where Ike and Abe are. Tell Amelia Vance that I will write to her when I can. I have nothing to write about but army movements, but they will have as much interest to you as anything else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour son,\u003cbr\u003e\nSaml. V. Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near New Market\u003cbr\u003e\n3 Apl. 1862 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nA few days ago I wrote you giving some account of our fight near Winchester. Since that time we have been marching up and down the valley, one day falling back before the enemy and the next advancing towards him, skirmishing with him almost daily. He is now in strong force about ten miles off. Genl. Jackson has taken a position here, but whether he will fight at this place or not I am unable to say. If he has sufficient force he would not wait to be attacked.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have been unable to hear from Jas. Vance, though I have [missing word or words] letter to Judge Parker of Winchester about him. I cannot think that he was mortally wounded, from what the men say who put him in the ambulance. I feel very much for Uncle James and family in their repeated bereavements. I miss Jimmy greatly, and would be greatly pleased to hear that his wound is not dangerous. I have seen a list of the prisoners who were taken to Baltimore but Jimmie's name is not among them. However, I am not surprised at this, as the wounded would not for awhile be removed from Winchester. I may yet get some information from Winchester about him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCapt. Cowan (of Russell) died of his wounds. He was a brave man and good officer. James King was as good a soldier as ever entered the line. He went off with Capt. Jones Co., was transferred to Col. Cummings Regt. and then transferred to mine. After the fight was half over, he remarked that \"he was proud of being in the 37th.\" The poor fellow was shot through the head and did not speak afterwards. Leroy Sherman among others was taken prisoner and is in Baltimore. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe [people along the valley] claim our fight as a victory, but it is not so. We attacked a greatly superior forces and were repulsed with heavy loss. If night had not set in we would all have been captured or killed. The enemy's loss was very heavy, for our men fought with desperate courage. our loss is 469 killed and wounded. The killed wounded and missing amount to 689. This is an uncommonly heavy loss when we did not have over 3000 men in the fight. A loss of 10 per ct. is regarded as great, but ours was but little less than on fourth. My Regt. sustained the greatest loss, the killed and wounded alone being a little less than one fourth, and including the missing is a little less than one third. The northern papers speak of the terrible slaughter on their side in front of the stone fence behind which I had my Brigade. I learn that at this point the 5th Ohio Regt. was nearly [ruined]--they were a part of the rascals who aided in chasing us from Laurel Hill.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe conduct of the late North western army (Loring's) [missing words] the fight, is spoken of by the Genl. in high terms of praise. There is a difficulty with Genl. Garnett who commanded the Stonewall Brigade, but I can't speak of particulars. Genl. Winder is now in command of that Brigade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur men are in fine spirits and I think will fight as well now as they did at Winchester, although they feel sad, when they think of the fall of their comrades. Our flagstaff was shot down, but the flag bearer instantly raised it again and kept it floating throughout the fight. The days work hurt my horse worse than anything which he has gone through. He was under the saddle from daylight till 11 at night and was greatly excited. The reports of the guns did not scare him, but the whistling of the balls and particularly the minnie ball excited him to the highest pitch. He has not yet recovered. You will see many exaggerated accounts of the fight in the papers. If we can't get a better and more substantial reputation than a mere newspaper one, I don't want [missing words].\nI told Judge Parker [missing words] stay with you at nights during court. He is a refugee and I want to do all for him that I can. Tell Selina that here she can't write to Abe, she can write to me. Try and get the fence put up in some way. Send the enclosed to Mr. Belkin for Judge Camden. Write soon. Love to Mother \u0026amp; S.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother, Saml. V. Fulkerson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficial Report of the Battle of McDowell, May 8th, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHead Qrs. 37 Regt. VA. Vols. Mason's Cabins, Augusta Co., Va.\u003cbr\u003e  \n16 May 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir-\u003cbr\u003e\nIn making my official report of the part borne by my Regt in the battle near McDowell on the 8th inst., I have to say; that when I was ordered to the field, being about one mile distant, I had to pass on a portion of the way, up a very rocky \u0026amp; brushy hollow, which embarrassed the advance of my men greatly, and it being nothing but a defile, and the men having to advance in a single file, the Regt. necessarily stretched out over a long line. They were also much annoyed on the march after entering the field, by the shell from one of the enemies guns. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I reached the line of battle at the head of my Regt. (marching by flank) Brig. Genl. Taliaferro informed me that the enemy were endeavoring to turn our right flank by passing over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va Vols were there to prevent the flank movement \u0026amp; he ordered me to support the 31st. I at once filed into the woods, but not knowing the position of either the 31st or of the enemy, for they were not at that time firing, I got in between the two, but nearer the enemy. On halting to put my men in line, I found that I had with me only my two front companies, Co. A Capt. Terry \u0026amp; Co. F. Capt. Graham. In pushing forward up the ravine two companies got ahead of the others, and when the remainder got to the line of battle, I with the two first were in the woods. As soon as I formed the two companies I ordered them to give a shout which they did with a hearty good will, and we charged down the hill directly at the enemy, and when we got within forty or fifty yards of him he broke and fled, when we instantly opened fire upon them as they ran. He did not stop running till he got entirely out of the woods around the hill.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the remainder of the Regt. reached the line of battle in the field they joined in the fight there, but after awhile Maj. Williams brought a portion of it to me in the woods, not knowing that I might be hard pressed there. But before he reached me the woods were clear of the enemy, and I marched all back to the main fight in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I got on our line it was nearly dark and we could only see the outline of the enemy on the hill side below us, \u0026amp; that soon disappeared, when we could only direct our fire by the flash of the enemy's guns. The fight was kept up till 9 at night when the enemy withdrew, leaving us in full possession of the field. During the fight some of my men were out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have to report the loss of some good officers and brave men. Capt. Terry, a gallant man and model officer, was severely wounded in the leg. Lieuts. Wilhelm, May, Dye, and Fletcher were badly wounded, and the two latter have since died. These Lieuts were young officers, but they nobly did their duty. All of my officers and men who went upon the field acted in the most gallant manner, and it would be unjust to discriminate by name, except in the case of the wounded.* The loss of my Regt. is thirty nine killed and wounded and one missing, a list of whom I herewith enclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI feel indebted to Surgeon Hinkle and Asst. Surgeon Butler for their prompt and untiring attention to the wounded. My Acting Adjt. C.T. Duncan also deserves special mention for the manner in which he discharged his duties upon the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI cannot close this report without saying that my chaplain the Revd. A.B. Carrington deserves the highest praise for his conduct during and since the fight. He was struck by a spent ball, and although it made him very sick for awhile, he was and continued to be unremitting in his attention to the wounded.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully\u003cbr\u003e\nSaml. V. Fulkerson Col. 37 Va. Vols\u003cbr\u003e\nCapt Wm. B. Pendleton  AAAGenl. 3d Brigade. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e*I am especially indebted to Maj. T.V. Williams for gallantry and good conduct throughout the fight. He was of great benefit in placing the men in their proper positions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Mason's Cabins. Augusta Co.  16 May 1862 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nIt has been a good while since I wrote and the reason is that I have not had an opportunity of writing, and I feel little like it now. We have been constantly marching, fighting and watching for more than a month, and the consequence is that we are all nearly broken down, with fatigue, loss of sleep and irregularity in eating. But his being the day set apart by the President for humiliation and prayer, Genl. Jackson has ordered his army to observe it, and to abstain from all military duty, and that divine service be had in all of the Regts. But as it is now and has been raining for two days, there will be little chance for preaching out of doors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI believe that I wrote you from Meecham's River Depot in Albemarle Co. A portion of the Regt. took the cars there for Staunton and the remainder marched on to the side of the Blue Ridge where they went on to the cars and got to Staunton about day, not having eaten anything or slept any since the night before. We stayed at Staunton that {night} and left the next day in this direction. We joined Genl. Johnson's (Alleghany) forces about six miles from Staunton. The enemy had one Regt at the east foot of the Shenandoah mountains near this place. This we came near surprising and taking with four pieces of their cannon. But they escaped, leaving all of their baggage and camp equipage and commissary stores in our hands. They fled cross the mountain to the western foot where they had two other Regts, which became alarmed \u0026amp; fled leaving everything, and all fell back to McDowell where their main body (Genl. Milroy in command) was stationed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe then went into camp and on the morning of the 8th we moved towards McDowell. This is a village in Highland county about thirty miles from Staunton and ten from Monterey. Genl Johnson with his brigade was sent forward as the advance and our Brigade (10th, 23rd, and 37th Va. Vols) followed. When within about a mile of McDowell light skirmishing began, which was kept up till evening, we in the mean time having been halted about a mile in the rear. In the evening our advance Brigade and the enemy became engaged in a general fight and we were ordered forward at a double quick. A portion of the way over which we had to go was up a very rocky and brushy hollow, and when we reached our line of battle we were nearly out of breath. All along the way we were exposed to the enemy's file by their shooting at our advance and the balls striking among and around us. The whistling of the bullets excited my horse so much that he became unmanageable and I had to send him to the rear before I got upon the field. When I got on the field I asked the Genl. where my Regt. should be placed, when he said that the enemy were trying to turn our right flank over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va. was there for the purpose of holding them back and that I must support the 31st. I at once double quicked into the woods. When I got there I found that I had but two companies (Capt. Terry's \u0026amp; Capt. Graham's) in consequence of my having hurried the front up the hollow so fast that they left the remainder behind and out of sight. One of the enemy's cannon was also brought to bear upon the Regt. which also embarrassed the rear. I did not know the position either of the 31st or the enemy in the woods, as they were not firing. The consequence was that I entered the woods between the two, but nearer the enemy. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI at once formed my two companies, gave them the order to raise a shout, which they did very lustily, and we charged down the hill right at the foe. They stood till we got within forty or fifty yards of them when they broke and fled and we opened fire upon them as they ran. We ran them entirely out of the woods. Our movement was so sudden and unexpected that the enemy seemed to be surprised and much frightened. It seemed like a bold move, but I think it was the best for my men, as I only lost two men wounded (one of them mortally) at this point. The remainder of the Regt. not knowing where I was went into the main fight when they came upon the field, but after a while a portion of them we ordered to join me in the woods which they did, but there being no enemy in the woods at this time I took them all back and entered the fight in the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was nearly dark and we could only see the outlines of the enemy, which was soon lost \u0026amp; we had to fire by the flash of their guns. The fight lasted till 9 oclk at night, when the enemy withdrew leaving us in possession of the field. The ground selected by the foe was well chosen and particularly advantageous in a night fight. The enemy had been reinforced the day before by Genl Schenck with three or four thousand men, and they fought obstinately. At one time they approached through the bushes to within 20 yards of two of my companies, but were driven back, leaving their flag bearer and flag upon the field. This was an Ohio Rgt. (32nd). I had the wounded flag bearer taken up \u0026amp; sent back with my wounded, but I believe he died next day. The flag was so torn to pieces that my men took some of it and some other men some. Col. Campbell's Regt. got into the fight about dark and the remainder of his Brigade did not get in at all I believe. The Stonewall Brigade, being several miles off, did not get on the field till after the fight was over.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI lost forty men in killed and wounded. Some of the wounded have since died, and others are dangerous. Three have had their legs amputated. We stayed upon the field nearly all night gathering up and sending off the killed and wounded. The 12th Geo. Regt. suffered most terribly. They were in the advance and ordered to hold a very exposed position. They lost about 180 men killed and wounded. After their ammunition gave out, they lay down and held the place at the point of the bayonet. Many of my men got out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded, and in that way kept them shooting. We had no cannon in the fight. After the dead were collected on the field and laid in rows of then or fifteen, the dim moonlight gave to their countenances an unusual unearthly appearance. Our loss in officers is heavy, and I think that our whole loss is not less than 400. Genl. Johnson was wounded. Col. Gibbons of the 10th was killed. He was one of the best men I ever saw. Maj. Campbell (James C.) was wounded before he got on the field, but I think not dangerously.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI cannot tell what the enemy's loss was. They left some on the field, some in McDowell and scattered along at other places. Immediately after the fight the enemy burned all their baggage and stores at McDowell and retreated. At daylight they had all gone, and we started in pursuit. We followed three days march and came up with their rear at Franklin in Pendleton Co. We skirmished with them over a day, when we were ordered back, I do not know for what cause. It was reported that Genl. Fremont had brought on reinforcements and that a portion of Rosencranz force had joined Milroy. But I do not know that these reasons influenced Genl. Jackson. I do not know where we are going to, but think that we will not go to Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received your letter enclosing copies of Abe's \u0026amp; Arthur's. I am very anxious to hear what Abe's fate has been. Write about him and Ike. Mr. Carrington is going to preach, and I do not feel like writing more. He was struck by a spent ball in the fight, but it only made him sick for awhile. Write soon and direct to Staunton. My love to Mother and Selina. I have heard nothing from J. Vance since I last wrote.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother Saml. V. Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHead Quarters 3 Brigade, Valley District\u003cbr\u003e  \nCamp near Winchester, VA\u003cbr\u003e\n28 May 1862  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir-\u003cbr\u003e\nIn making my report of the part acted by the 3rd Brigade in the battle near Winchester on the 25th inst., I have to say that on the morning of the 24th the Brigade left its bivouac four miles south of Front Royal at daylight and marched to Middletown, and thence down the main valley Pike in the direction of Winchester. Owing to delay occasioned by the enemy's skirmishers embarrassing the advance of the head of the column, daylight cam upon us near Kernstown, after which we quickly advanced to the mills south of Winchester, at which time a vigorous fire was going on between our own and the enemy's batteries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was ordered to file my Brigade to the left of the Pike and take position under shelter of a hill for the purpose of supporting one of our batteries. I was also ordered to report to Genl. Winder who was already upon the ground. I placed the 23rd \u0026amp; 37th Va. Vols in the position indicated, when Genl Winder ordered me to occupy a wooded hill in an adjoining field, with one Regt, which position he informed me, the enemy were on the move to occupy. I at once ordered Col. Warren with the 10th Va Vols to take position on the hill which he quickly did. In a short time Genl. Winder ordered me to place another Regt. on the hill with the 10th, when I ordered Maj. Williams to march the 37th there which he did with dispatch. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring all of the time of these movements, and in fact from the time when the Brigade first entered the field, it was exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries and long range small arms. After these movements had been executed Col. Taliaferro was ordered to move the 23rd forward and charge a battery of the enemy in his front. He pushed forward with his Regt. in gallant style. But in the meantime Genl. Taylor's Louisiana Brigade had come upon the field, formed and moved in the direction of the enemy, coming up upon the left of Col. Taliaferro.  The 37th \u0026amp; 10th followed immediately after Genl. Taylor's Brigade. On rushing the top of the ridge on which the enemy's batteries had been placed, a sharp musketry fire ensued, but soon a general charge was made by our whole line when the enemy gave way and fled precipitately through Winchester in the wildest confusion. We followed in immediate pursuit on the Martinsburg road, for four miles from Winchester, where we were halted. A list of the casualties is herewith furnished, from which it will be seen that the loss of the Brigade is, comparatively, very light.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCol. Taliaferro commanding the 23rd, Col Warren commanding the 10th and Maj. Williams commanding the 37th acted in the most gallant \u0026amp; efficient manner. I refer to the reports of Col. Taliaferro, Col. Warren, \u0026amp; Maj. Williams for the conduct of the officers \u0026amp; men of their respective Regts. I with pride bear testimony to the gallant conduct of the whole Brigade both officers and men.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am indebted to Capt. Wm. B. Pendleton A.A.A. Genl. for his gallant conduct and prompt and cheerful manner with which he executed my orders. Capt Wooding's battery was not placed in position during the day. Respectfully\u003cbr\u003e\nSaml V. Fulkerson\u003cbr\u003e\nCol. Comd. Brigd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePort Republic, Rockingham Co.\u003cbr\u003e \n8 [June] 1862 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nThe place at which this letter is written is a pretty village near the foot of the Blue Ridge and about twelve miles from Harrisonburg, at the junction of the North and South Rivers, which form the Shenandoah.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you last from Winchester shortly after our arrival there, giving you an account of our march and proceedings up to that time. Since then we have undergone and almost incredible amount of hardship. We stayed at Winchester two days after taking the place and then proceeded to Charles Town and Harper's Ferry. We found a few of the enemy at Charles Town, but soon drove them down to the Ferry, where they made a stand having been largely re-enforced from Washington \u0026amp; elsewhere. The enemy were in position on Bolivar Heights on the Va. side and on the heights on the Maryland side of the river. Both of these positions had been fortified by Genl. Johnston last summer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA portion of our forces crossed the Shenandoah river and took possession of Louden Heights. This was in the evening, a brisk cannonading going on, which was renewed the next morning, and continued till the enemy was driven from the Bolivar across the Potomac. About this time Genl. Jackson received information that Genl. Shields was crossing the Blue Ridge and Genl. Fremont was coming from Moorfield to form a junction at Strasburg and thus cut us off. This placed us in the hardest place that we have ever yet been. Genl. Jackson immediately ordered us to march back. We had about fifty miles to make to pass Strasburg, and our men were already terribly broken down by continued and hard marching. We marched to our camps near Winchester that night and next morning at day light started to Strasburg, which we reached before night. We had now marched about 70 miles in less than three days, in going to and returning from Harpers Ferry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGen. Shields was now at [Front] Port Royal, some 8 or 9 miles from Strasburg, and Genl. Fremont was 7 miles from Strasburg on the Moorefield road. So you see that we had only a gap of about 15 miles wide to get out at. During Saturday night I received an order from Genl. Jackson (I was still in command of our Brigade) to proceed next morning (Sunday) at daylight, some two or three miles on the Moorefield road, take position and resist the advance of the enemy. Before I could get a position, our scouts informed me that the enemy was advancing, when I hurried forward to a suitable position, and made disposition of my own and two other Brigades which were for the time under my command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI sent forward a company of cavalry, which soon returned at the top of their speed with the enemy's cavalry close after them. We drove these back, but in a very short time the enemy's infantry came down the road and through the woods at double quick, and when they got within range halted and opened a brisk fire upon us, which was kept up for some time when they were driven back again. By this time Gen. Ewell came upon the field and assumed command of the whole. After the enemy's infantry were driven back, they placed two pieces of cannon in position and the two forces kept up a very pretty and brisk artillery duel for an hour or more, when the enemy withdrew from the field. After this Genl Jackson came out and said that he did not want to bring on a general engagement then, and ordered us to fall back towards Strasburg. I do not think that we had more than 10 or 15 men killed and wounded. My Regt. had none hurt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[At this point, according to the sentence below, the date is now June 10th]\nA little after dark we left Strasburg for Woodstock to which place the waggon had been sent, and we had a terrible march. (This writing above was suddenly stopped about 8 oclk on Sunday morning last by the enemies cannon, and I will now try to finish on this the 10th). We got to Woodstock about daylight, all broken completely down and seemingly half dead. We were dogged all night by the enemy's cavalry, and I know that they picked up many of our broken down stragglers. I have between thirty and forty men missing, most I fear were taken. It is not to be wondered at. Many of the poor fellows actually walked much of that weary night, fast asleep, so worn out and exhausted were they with their terrible duty. I do not think that our Genl. exercised due diligence in getting his captured stores to a secure place. There was a vast amount of them, the greater portion of which he saved. But Genl. Shields made his appearance so suddenly at Front Royal that a portion of the stores captured there were retaken together with some of our wagons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe marched from Woodstock to near Harrisonburg, and the next day to near Port Republic, which place we reached on Saturday evening. I thought the next day, being Sunday, that we would rest, and I began to write this letter, when I was stopped by the roar of cannon down at the town. The town is located in the fork of the two rivers, the north and larger branch being bridged, the other not. The enemy's cavalry had dashed into town, with two pieces of artillery, one of which they planted at the end of the bridge, and with a third they began a fire from the opposite side of the river. Genl Jackson was in town and was taken completely by surprise and came near being captured. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe were camped about three quarters of a mile from town on the north side of the river. The enemy (Genl Shields force) had come up the river on the south side from Elk Run. In a very short time we were ordered to double quick to the bridge. My Regt. was just in the act of forming for inspection, and we got the start of the others. We passed through a wheat field with the enemy's gun from the other side of the river playing upon us. When we got to the top of the hill near the bridge the gun at the other end opened with grape upon us. My men returned the fire, when Genl. Jackson ordered me to charge through the bridge and take the gun. I led off and my men followed. We rushed through the bridge, captured the gun, and pursued the enemy through the town and until he crossed the south branch. I could have captured the other cannon in town, but I did not know of but one ford. We rushed to that, but found the enemy crossing higher up. We opened fire on them, killing some horses and two or three men and taking six or eight prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharging in at one end of a bridge with a cannon yawning in at the other is no very pleasant past time. But my men went in so well, that it elicited the praise of the Genl. and all who witnessed it. When we got to the cannon, the smoke of the last fire was still issuing from its mouth. We charged them so quickly and so vigorously that my loss was little. Yancey Smith (brother of the Capt) of Russell was killed, and Sergt. E. Johnson and Walter James of Capt. Terry's company each had a thigh badly broken. I fear that Johnson is mortally wounded. We had put some of our artillery in position, which soon silenced the enemy's guns on the opposite side of the river, and drove them back, and they did not again advance on that day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile this was going on, Genl. Fremont made an attack on our forces next to Harrisonburg. Our Brigade was ordered to hold the bridge and town against Genl. Shields, which we did, but could hear the fight on the other side, which lasted till nearly night with heavy loss on both sides. Our loss in officers was considerable. Genls Elzey \u0026amp; Stewart were wounded, though I think not dangerously. Our men drove the enemy back about a mile and held possession of the field during the night, having captured more than 100 prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn our march the day before from Harrisonburg, Fremont pressed our rear very hardly, and our protection subjected us to the heaviest and saddest loss that we have sustained in the valley. Ashby (but a short time a Brigadier) was killed. He had just made a brilliant charge on the enemy, capturing a Col, Maj., and a number of prisoners. Afterwards and about dark he was leading on foot (his horse having been killed), on Infantry Regt. when he was shot through the heart, and the saddest part of it is, that it is generally believed that he was shot by our own men. He was the most gallant man I ever saw, and withal a good man. When Ashby was between us and the enemy we felt perfectly secure against any surprise, and he was always on the enemy's heels. They had great fear of him. He kept them in constant dread. His place cannot be filled, and his death cast a gloom over the whole army. He had performed more feats of daring and had done more hard and perilous service than any man in the army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs I have placed Sundays proceedings before Saturday, I will now pass over to Monday. During Sunday our train had been sent on the road towards Waynesboro in Augusta Co. But on Sunday night Genl. Jackson threw a foot bridge across the north branch, ordered his train to turn back and take the road through Brown's Gap into Albemarle, and by a little after sun rise he had the greater portion of his army across the foot bridge and marching against Genl. Shields force, which camped the night before in sight of us about three miles off. Our Brigade and Genl. Trimble's were ordered to hold the large bridge and to resist the advance of Fremont. Our force and Shield's soon became hotly engaged, and the fight became a very hard one. Our men were being severely pressed and suffering a great loss, when Genl Jackson galloped back and ordered me to move forward my Regt at double quick, which I did. He also had the other two Regt of the Brigade ordered forward. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I got upon the field, and was putting my men in position for action, the enemy gave way and we rushed forward, passing his battery which he abandoned, having first killed all the horses. In coming up we received a sharp fire. The enemy rallied and partially formed, but we kept on and they gave way again, and commenced a general run, and scatterment. My Regt happened to get in advance, and hounds never pursued a fox with more eagerness than they pursued the flying yankees. Some kept the road and some took the bushes, all intent on capturing a yankee. We captured about 400 prisoners most of whom were taken by my men, among them a number of officers from Col down. We also captured two Regimental flags, all of the enemies artillery (seven or eight guns), all of his ambulances \u0026amp; c., and a number of small arms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Infantry followed about six miles, and the cavalry having come up followed about six further. My men performed many individual acts of bravery one of which I notice, and you may send it to the Abingdon paper for publication. The rout was complete and entire. The prisoners say that Genl. Shields was not present, but that Genl Tyler was in command. We captured a number of our old acquaintances, the 5th Ohio, and our boys were glad to meet with them. After our Brigade crossed the north branch, Genl. Trimble crossed the large bridge and then set fire to it \u0026amp; burned it down. In a short time Genl. Fremont appeared at the burnt bridge, but could do nothing but listen to the fight and pursuit. On our return from the pursuit we quietly passed within plain view of Genl Fremont's camp, and marched to this place on the Blue Ridge, where we are staying today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur camp extends back to within four or five miles of Port Republic. Men were worse mangled in this fight than any that I have been in. Heads \u0026amp; limbs off and bodies torn open were frequent sights for several miles. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn Sunday night Capt. Jno. Preston \u0026amp; Lieut. Jno Humes with fifty men were sent out on picket and were left out when we went into the fight on Monday. After Fremont made his appearance I sent back my Regt to bring in the picket, but he thought that he could not get to them, and come back about midnight last night. I have heard nothing from them since, but think and hope that they have gone to Staunton or Waynesboro, about 18 miles off. I am not in the habit of gathering spoils on the field, but one of me brought me a Col's horse, saddle, bridle \u0026amp; c. Another gave me a very pretty sword. The horse belonged to Col. Lewis of Pa. He has been a fine horse, but is getting old and is not a good riding horse. I also got the Col's Regimental flag.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will see from this narrative that we have had a very active and exciting time. We have fought on three Sundays in succession, which will do pretty well for a religious Genl. I got Selina's letter the other day \u0026amp; will write her when I can. Write soon to Staunton. Don't know when we will go next. Love to Mother \u0026amp; Selina.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nS.V. Fulkerson \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. F.M. Fulkerson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir-\u003cbr\u003e\nIn reply to your letter of the 7th ult. permit me to say that Col. S.V. Fulkerson was an officer of distinguished worth. I deeply felt his death. He rendered valuable service to his country, and had he lived, would probably have been recommended by me before this time for a brigadier generalcy. So far as my knowledge extends, he enjoyed the confidence of his regiment and all who knew him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am Sir your obdt. servt\u003cbr\u003e \nT.J. Jackson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eV.M. Institute June 4th 1853\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI recd your letter the 28th of May. I was very glad to hear that were so well pleased with your school. I suppose that you will come home before you teach another session if you do so at all, Father wrote to me the other day for the first time, they are all well at home Father has sold his mare and bought a buggy, I suppose that he will quit riding horse back and splurge in his buggy for a while, your old Mister Brown was kicked by a horse the other day and broke his leg, his family had bad luck lately.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe will have a great ball on the if nothing happens they are prepareing tolerably rapidly now, the tickets came yesterday. I sent you one of them, I know you will be certain to come or else I would not send it to you\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe examination will commence the 20th of June, Sam is on the Board again they meet about the 15th, I have some faint hopes of passing, but it is verry doubtful  I tell you, you must write to me oftener\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour affectionate Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nAbram Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nApr 14 1854\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI recd your letter a few days ago or weeks I am not certain which but however I have not had time to answer it until to day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have nothing very new or of much importance to write to you. Circuit court is going on at present in Lexington They are trying Christian the man that killed Cadet Blackburn  there has been a great deal of excitement with the people since it commenced  there is a great many of C. friends attending the trial. I suppose from all accounts that he will be hung\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was another murder committed in town a few weeks ago almost as bad as B's, a man by the name of Winn killed the proprietor of the Washington Hotel, his name was Moore they had a falling out the day he was killed some five or six hours before the fight occurred.  Winn went to his (Moore's) house that night about ten o'clock and called him out into the street + stabbed him through the heart with a knife the knife cut his heart very near into two pieces. He died in a few minutes afterwards. There is two other men in jail for shooting men besides all of this there was a negro hung in Lexington a few weeks ago for the same offence, but it did not appear to have much affect. It seems like Lexington is going to turn out to be one of the most corrupt and immoral places in the State of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia wrote to me a few days ago. Sister Alice and the children are all well.  Virginia say she likes her new home very well considering the short time that she has been there.  She did not say whether she was going to school any more at Rogersville or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote to Sam sometime ago to know whether I had better go home this summer or put it off until next. He says he thinks I had better stay another year before I go home and indeed I thought so myself  was the reason I wrote to him about it. Therefore I will not have the opportunity of coming home til next July year. I would be very glad if I could come next year but taking every thing into consideration I think it will be best to stay here another year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI heard from Catherine lately. She is getting along about as common I believe I understand that Frank is going to marry before long. But I do not know whether it is true or not. Dr. Walker's son was here the other day on his way home from Philadelphia. He has been taking medical lessons there, I had a long talk with him.  e stayed in town one day and night. I must bring my letter to a close as I have nothing more to write, tell Balf and Jim to write to me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nA. Fulkerson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland Gap\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 18, 1863\n \nMy dear wife-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour last kind letter was recd by friday's mail. Your dear letters are my greatest pleasure and do away in a great measure with the horror of separation. The frequency with which we can communicate with each other is a rich blessing and brings us as if we're almost together.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne of our pickets came in the other day and reported that a Mr. Davis was at the lines and desired to enter. This report took me very much by surprise, for although you had mentioned the probability of his coming yet I did not look for him. He only stayed a few hours. After dinner (a very poor one without apology to him) I went [around] to show him some of the curiosities of Cumberland Gap, which he seemed to think would compensate any one for making the visit. He went back up the valley and expected to get home by Wednesday next. Will see you Sunday, if not sooner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe intelligence of the death of Gen. Jackson came upon us like a shock. We feel that his death is a national calamity. The poorest soldiers among us appreciated his worth - loved the man, and mourn his loss. I knew him well.1  He was my preceptor for more than four years and whilst during that time I did not appreciate the man, as school [schoolboys?]are not like to do, yet I always had great reverence for the man on account of his piety \u0026amp; uprightness of character. Among the many heroes of this revolution, none have lived so much adored, none have died so much deplored, and none have left a character as spotless as that of Stonewall Jackson. Could his life have been spared till the close of this cruel war, the unanimous voice of a grateful people would have proclaimed him chief ruler of the nation. But God has seen proper to take him from us, and what He does is right and for the best. It is [illegible] therefore that we make the sacrifice cheerfully, th'o we cannot see why our country should be deprived of his services at his her hour of greatest need.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news of importance more than you will see in the papers. The news from Ky is vague and unreliable. It is reported and believed that there are three or four Regmts at Barboursville, 30 miles distant. That Burnsides is preparing to invade E. Tenn. on a large scale there seems no longer to be any doubt. A southern woman the wife of a Lincolnite told Mrs. Patterson today that a runner had just come across the mountain to tell the Union people, they must stay at home, that the Feds would be in, in about three weeks, that where they were found absent it would be an evidence of disloyalty. I will not be surprised if they make an effort about that time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Patterson started to the R.R. today - is going to the salt works. I asked him to stop and see you all, but he would not promise. No prospect of any goods yet. Do you want any money? When you need money or any thing else you must not fail to let me know. My love to mother \u0026amp; Kate. Write often,\nYour affectionate husband\u003cbr\u003e\nAF\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eField Officers Barracks, Ft. Delaware May 7 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear wife\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have not heard directly from you since the 4th of Feb. Your letter was directed to Ft. Pulaski. I received on my way here at Hilton Head S.C. Since that time we have passed through the most eventful period of the war. The closing scenes are being enacted, and with hearts overwhelmed with grief \u0026amp; sadness we bow in deep humiliation in their contemplation. The present, thank God, is only the \"beginning of the end.\" The military power of the South is broken, the spirit is not. The ball has been put in motion by the people of the South, an impetus has been given it, which will eventually result in the destruction of the U.S. Government and if not in the independence of the South, certainly in the disenthrallment of her people. Ten years will see us under the protecting wing of a foreign power, or independent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect to meet you soon, not crowned with the laurels of victory but with the oath crammed down my throat, a quiescent citizen of the United States. I have the sweet consolation of being conscious of having served the cause faithfully. I sacrificed everything but life, and hazarded that, many times \u0026amp; in many ways, in behalf of my country. I have not the slightest fear that any man can ever point at me the finger of scorn and say \"you done it.\" I have performed my duty and now abandon the cause as (at present) hopeless, without in the least having changed my opinion as to the justness of that cause. I go now to share with the people of the south the deep humiliation which will be dictated by yankee vindictiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have heard from you thr'o your father up to March 1st. Receive letters from him often. Says he will send you money \u0026amp; c thr'o Mr. Armstrong. Hope you may have no difficulty in getting along. I cannot tell when I will be released, but probably soon. My love to Kate. Tell the boy, I'll be home soon. Your affect. husband. A. Fulkerson P.W.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers Barracks\u003cbr\u003e \nFt. Delaware \u003cbr\u003e\nMay 13, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear wife-\u003cbr\u003e\nYour esteemed letter of the 17th April, via Knoxville reached me a few days since. I cannot express my gratification at learning that you were all well, and living. The terrible events which have transpired in the Confederacy within the past two months, and my great anxiety about you, taken together, had rendered me very unhappy, indeed wretched.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe last letter but one from you was dated 4th Feb and recd at Hilton Head S.C. the day after our departure from Ft. Pulaski. I have written you several times since my arrival here, via Richmond. About a week ago I sent you a letter to the care of Mr. Armstrong, but as I was in a very unhappy humor about them \"Cause\" it is probable that much that I said was too harsh and \"contraband\" and caused the\"confiscation\" of the letter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe left Ft. Pulaski on the 4th March, ordered by Genrl. Grant to be exchanged. When we reached Old Point active operations had commenced on the James, were sent here. The result of the campaign was disastrous to our aims. It has ended our hopes for exchange, if not for liberty itself. I cannot talk about our misfortunes in a letter, but must wait till I see you. It seems at present, that the only means of getting out of prison, is by taking the oath. It is probable therefore I will return to you soon, not crowned with victorious laurels, but as a loyal subject (overpowered) of the U.S. I do not know whether you would recognize me as a citizen or not, perhaps you may, if necessity forces it upon me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hear from your father often. He wrote me he was making arrangements to send you money \u0026amp; clothing th'ro Mr. Armstrong. I hope it will not be inconvenient for Kate to keep you with her til I am released. My health is now very good. Your affectionate husband. A. Fulkerson.\u003cbr\u003e \nLove to Mrs. H and the boy (as you may not receive this for months, I will say our boy)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Winchester \n9 March 1862","My Dear Mother \nNot having written or heard from home for sometime, I will write you a short letter today. You will see from the heading of this that we have not yet gone to Manassas and I cannot tell when we will go. We will not get away, unless Winchester is evacuated, while the present state of things exists here.","Genl. Banks with his army has been maneuvering about twelve miles in our front for several days. On day before yesterday we thought that we were certainly in for a fight. Banks attacked our outer posts, when we packed our baggage and sent it to the rear, and marched the men on the Martinsburg road about two miles from Winchester, where we drew up and waited for the approach of the enemy. But after skirmishing with our pickets an hour or two, he withdrew again. We lost only one man, but not of my Regt.","We have not a large force here, and I do not know what Genl. Jackson will do if the enemy advances upon us. All of the public stores have been sent away, and many of the citizens have left. There are a good many here who sympathize with the Yankees, and will be rejoiced if they get possession of Winchester. This is such a beautiful country that I should regret to see it fall into the hands of the Yankees.","Since we came back from Romney we have had three different encampments. First on the Romney Road, but when the enemy crossed at Harper's Ferry we moved and took position on that road about three miles from Winchester; and on yesterday we moved to this place, which is on the Strasburg road about three and a half miles from Winchester near a village called Kernstown.","It is doubtful about how much I will write as I have been over six hours in getting this much written. In a letter from Col. Gibson he asked what I wished you and Kate to do in case the enemy got into our county. If they should get in, and you are willing to do so, I think that you had better remain at home. Refugees have a hard time, and when people leave their homes everything is destroyed. Mr. Faulkner (Honl. Charles J.) told me that his wife had saved his property by staying at home. But if it should come to the worst, and you prefer it, leave and let the property go. I care little for the property except on yours and Kate's account. For myself I feel that I have no home so long as it is threatened by the enemy, and I would willingly give up all I have, and commence the world anew without a thing, rather than that the enemy should subjugate us.","We are very hardly pressed now, and it depends upon the spirit of our people whether we bear up against it, or give way under it. When I see so many men and especially officers shirking duty and who seem to make it a study as to the best manner in which they can get around duty, I almost despair. Many are all the time seeking personal ease or pursuing schemes of personal advancement, and would appear to be willing to sacrifice their country to attain their object. I suppose though that all wars produce the same class of selfish men, and that we must expect to be cursed with them. I do not intend to be troubled hereafter with the reflection that I did not do my duty in this conflict.","I did have some hope that I could go home for a short time this winter, but do not now expect to do so. If I had the permission I would not go now, while we are so near the enemy. Besides, so many of the officers are absent that it would be highly improper for any more to leave. In the absence of Col. Taliaferro I still have command of the 4th Brigade, which now only consists of two regiments and four pieces of artillery.","I learn that we have had very high waters in our country and that much damage has been done. I was sorry to hear that Uncle James had lost his dam. I take it that he will not get his mills to running again for some time. If any of the fence about the creek washed away, get Mr. Hughes or some one to help Lee put it up. Today (Sunday) has been a very spring-like one. Citizens say that this has been a very wet winter here and not as much cold as usual, but still the ground has not been clear of snow since the first of Jany. Scarcely any ploughing has been done here yet, and little else in the farming line. See if you can't get meal and flour from Mrs. Hopkins' mill; If not try at some other place. Henry Roberts might furnish you with meal.","I suffered for two or three weeks with a severe cold, but kept up and am now nearly well again. Jas. Vance is well. He spent this Sunday in building a chimney to his tent. He has said several times that he would not fix up any more. He has built a good many chimneys, but had soon to leave them.","Give my love to Kate and Selina. Tell Selina that she ought to write to me. You and Kate must write soon, and tell me where Ike and Abe are. Tell Amelia Vance that I will write to her when I can. I have nothing to write about but army movements, but they will have as much interest to you as anything else.","Your son, \nSaml. V. Fulkerson","Camp Near New Market \n3 Apl. 1862 ","Dear Kate \nA few days ago I wrote you giving some account of our fight near Winchester. Since that time we have been marching up and down the valley, one day falling back before the enemy and the next advancing towards him, skirmishing with him almost daily. He is now in strong force about ten miles off. Genl. Jackson has taken a position here, but whether he will fight at this place or not I am unable to say. If he has sufficient force he would not wait to be attacked.","I have been unable to hear from Jas. Vance, though I have [missing word or words] letter to Judge Parker of Winchester about him. I cannot think that he was mortally wounded, from what the men say who put him in the ambulance. I feel very much for Uncle James and family in their repeated bereavements. I miss Jimmy greatly, and would be greatly pleased to hear that his wound is not dangerous. I have seen a list of the prisoners who were taken to Baltimore but Jimmie's name is not among them. However, I am not surprised at this, as the wounded would not for awhile be removed from Winchester. I may yet get some information from Winchester about him. ","Capt. Cowan (of Russell) died of his wounds. He was a brave man and good officer. James King was as good a soldier as ever entered the line. He went off with Capt. Jones Co., was transferred to Col. Cummings Regt. and then transferred to mine. After the fight was half over, he remarked that \"he was proud of being in the 37th.\" The poor fellow was shot through the head and did not speak afterwards. Leroy Sherman among others was taken prisoner and is in Baltimore. ","The [people along the valley] claim our fight as a victory, but it is not so. We attacked a greatly superior forces and were repulsed with heavy loss. If night had not set in we would all have been captured or killed. The enemy's loss was very heavy, for our men fought with desperate courage. our loss is 469 killed and wounded. The killed wounded and missing amount to 689. This is an uncommonly heavy loss when we did not have over 3000 men in the fight. A loss of 10 per ct. is regarded as great, but ours was but little less than on fourth. My Regt. sustained the greatest loss, the killed and wounded alone being a little less than one fourth, and including the missing is a little less than one third. The northern papers speak of the terrible slaughter on their side in front of the stone fence behind which I had my Brigade. I learn that at this point the 5th Ohio Regt. was nearly [ruined]--they were a part of the rascals who aided in chasing us from Laurel Hill.","The conduct of the late North western army (Loring's) [missing words] the fight, is spoken of by the Genl. in high terms of praise. There is a difficulty with Genl. Garnett who commanded the Stonewall Brigade, but I can't speak of particulars. Genl. Winder is now in command of that Brigade.","Our men are in fine spirits and I think will fight as well now as they did at Winchester, although they feel sad, when they think of the fall of their comrades. Our flagstaff was shot down, but the flag bearer instantly raised it again and kept it floating throughout the fight. The days work hurt my horse worse than anything which he has gone through. He was under the saddle from daylight till 11 at night and was greatly excited. The reports of the guns did not scare him, but the whistling of the balls and particularly the minnie ball excited him to the highest pitch. He has not yet recovered. You will see many exaggerated accounts of the fight in the papers. If we can't get a better and more substantial reputation than a mere newspaper one, I don't want [missing words].\nI told Judge Parker [missing words] stay with you at nights during court. He is a refugee and I want to do all for him that I can. Tell Selina that here she can't write to Abe, she can write to me. Try and get the fence put up in some way. Send the enclosed to Mr. Belkin for Judge Camden. Write soon. Love to Mother \u0026 S. \nYour brother, Saml. V. Fulkerson.","Official Report of the Battle of McDowell, May 8th, 1862","Head Qrs. 37 Regt. VA. Vols. Mason's Cabins, Augusta Co., Va.   \n16 May 1862","Sir- \nIn making my official report of the part borne by my Regt in the battle near McDowell on the 8th inst., I have to say; that when I was ordered to the field, being about one mile distant, I had to pass on a portion of the way, up a very rocky \u0026 brushy hollow, which embarrassed the advance of my men greatly, and it being nothing but a defile, and the men having to advance in a single file, the Regt. necessarily stretched out over a long line. They were also much annoyed on the march after entering the field, by the shell from one of the enemies guns. ","When I reached the line of battle at the head of my Regt. (marching by flank) Brig. Genl. Taliaferro informed me that the enemy were endeavoring to turn our right flank by passing over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va Vols were there to prevent the flank movement \u0026 he ordered me to support the 31st. I at once filed into the woods, but not knowing the position of either the 31st or of the enemy, for they were not at that time firing, I got in between the two, but nearer the enemy. On halting to put my men in line, I found that I had with me only my two front companies, Co. A Capt. Terry \u0026 Co. F. Capt. Graham. In pushing forward up the ravine two companies got ahead of the others, and when the remainder got to the line of battle, I with the two first were in the woods. As soon as I formed the two companies I ordered them to give a shout which they did with a hearty good will, and we charged down the hill directly at the enemy, and when we got within forty or fifty yards of him he broke and fled, when we instantly opened fire upon them as they ran. He did not stop running till he got entirely out of the woods around the hill.","When the remainder of the Regt. reached the line of battle in the field they joined in the fight there, but after awhile Maj. Williams brought a portion of it to me in the woods, not knowing that I might be hard pressed there. But before he reached me the woods were clear of the enemy, and I marched all back to the main fight in the field.","When I got on our line it was nearly dark and we could only see the outline of the enemy on the hill side below us, \u0026 that soon disappeared, when we could only direct our fire by the flash of the enemy's guns. The fight was kept up till 9 at night when the enemy withdrew, leaving us in full possession of the field. During the fight some of my men were out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded. ","I have to report the loss of some good officers and brave men. Capt. Terry, a gallant man and model officer, was severely wounded in the leg. Lieuts. Wilhelm, May, Dye, and Fletcher were badly wounded, and the two latter have since died. These Lieuts were young officers, but they nobly did their duty. All of my officers and men who went upon the field acted in the most gallant manner, and it would be unjust to discriminate by name, except in the case of the wounded.* The loss of my Regt. is thirty nine killed and wounded and one missing, a list of whom I herewith enclose.","I feel indebted to Surgeon Hinkle and Asst. Surgeon Butler for their prompt and untiring attention to the wounded. My Acting Adjt. C.T. Duncan also deserves special mention for the manner in which he discharged his duties upon the field.","I cannot close this report without saying that my chaplain the Revd. A.B. Carrington deserves the highest praise for his conduct during and since the fight. He was struck by a spent ball, and although it made him very sick for awhile, he was and continued to be unremitting in his attention to the wounded.","Respectfully \nSaml. V. Fulkerson Col. 37 Va. Vols \nCapt Wm. B. Pendleton  AAAGenl. 3d Brigade. V.D.","*I am especially indebted to Maj. T.V. Williams for gallantry and good conduct throughout the fight. He was of great benefit in placing the men in their proper positions.","Camp at Mason's Cabins. Augusta Co.  16 May 1862 ","Dear Kate \nIt has been a good while since I wrote and the reason is that I have not had an opportunity of writing, and I feel little like it now. We have been constantly marching, fighting and watching for more than a month, and the consequence is that we are all nearly broken down, with fatigue, loss of sleep and irregularity in eating. But his being the day set apart by the President for humiliation and prayer, Genl. Jackson has ordered his army to observe it, and to abstain from all military duty, and that divine service be had in all of the Regts. But as it is now and has been raining for two days, there will be little chance for preaching out of doors.","I believe that I wrote you from Meecham's River Depot in Albemarle Co. A portion of the Regt. took the cars there for Staunton and the remainder marched on to the side of the Blue Ridge where they went on to the cars and got to Staunton about day, not having eaten anything or slept any since the night before. We stayed at Staunton that {night} and left the next day in this direction. We joined Genl. Johnson's (Alleghany) forces about six miles from Staunton. The enemy had one Regt at the east foot of the Shenandoah mountains near this place. This we came near surprising and taking with four pieces of their cannon. But they escaped, leaving all of their baggage and camp equipage and commissary stores in our hands. They fled cross the mountain to the western foot where they had two other Regts, which became alarmed \u0026 fled leaving everything, and all fell back to McDowell where their main body (Genl. Milroy in command) was stationed.","We then went into camp and on the morning of the 8th we moved towards McDowell. This is a village in Highland county about thirty miles from Staunton and ten from Monterey. Genl Johnson with his brigade was sent forward as the advance and our Brigade (10th, 23rd, and 37th Va. Vols) followed. When within about a mile of McDowell light skirmishing began, which was kept up till evening, we in the mean time having been halted about a mile in the rear. In the evening our advance Brigade and the enemy became engaged in a general fight and we were ordered forward at a double quick. A portion of the way over which we had to go was up a very rocky and brushy hollow, and when we reached our line of battle we were nearly out of breath. All along the way we were exposed to the enemy's file by their shooting at our advance and the balls striking among and around us. The whistling of the bullets excited my horse so much that he became unmanageable and I had to send him to the rear before I got upon the field. When I got on the field I asked the Genl. where my Regt. should be placed, when he said that the enemy were trying to turn our right flank over a brushy and thickly wooded ridge, and that the 31st Va. was there for the purpose of holding them back and that I must support the 31st. I at once double quicked into the woods. When I got there I found that I had but two companies (Capt. Terry's \u0026 Capt. Graham's) in consequence of my having hurried the front up the hollow so fast that they left the remainder behind and out of sight. One of the enemy's cannon was also brought to bear upon the Regt. which also embarrassed the rear. I did not know the position either of the 31st or the enemy in the woods, as they were not firing. The consequence was that I entered the woods between the two, but nearer the enemy. ","I at once formed my two companies, gave them the order to raise a shout, which they did very lustily, and we charged down the hill right at the foe. They stood till we got within forty or fifty yards of them when they broke and fled and we opened fire upon them as they ran. We ran them entirely out of the woods. Our movement was so sudden and unexpected that the enemy seemed to be surprised and much frightened. It seemed like a bold move, but I think it was the best for my men, as I only lost two men wounded (one of them mortally) at this point. The remainder of the Regt. not knowing where I was went into the main fight when they came upon the field, but after a while a portion of them we ordered to join me in the woods which they did, but there being no enemy in the woods at this time I took them all back and entered the fight in the field.","It was nearly dark and we could only see the outlines of the enemy, which was soon lost \u0026 we had to fire by the flash of their guns. The fight lasted till 9 oclk at night, when the enemy withdrew leaving us in possession of the field. The ground selected by the foe was well chosen and particularly advantageous in a night fight. The enemy had been reinforced the day before by Genl Schenck with three or four thousand men, and they fought obstinately. At one time they approached through the bushes to within 20 yards of two of my companies, but were driven back, leaving their flag bearer and flag upon the field. This was an Ohio Rgt. (32nd). I had the wounded flag bearer taken up \u0026 sent back with my wounded, but I believe he died next day. The flag was so torn to pieces that my men took some of it and some other men some. Col. Campbell's Regt. got into the fight about dark and the remainder of his Brigade did not get in at all I believe. The Stonewall Brigade, being several miles off, did not get on the field till after the fight was over.","I lost forty men in killed and wounded. Some of the wounded have since died, and others are dangerous. Three have had their legs amputated. We stayed upon the field nearly all night gathering up and sending off the killed and wounded. The 12th Geo. Regt. suffered most terribly. They were in the advance and ordered to hold a very exposed position. They lost about 180 men killed and wounded. After their ammunition gave out, they lay down and held the place at the point of the bayonet. Many of my men got out of ammunition, but I had them to supply themselves from the boxes of the dead and wounded, and in that way kept them shooting. We had no cannon in the fight. After the dead were collected on the field and laid in rows of then or fifteen, the dim moonlight gave to their countenances an unusual unearthly appearance. Our loss in officers is heavy, and I think that our whole loss is not less than 400. Genl. Johnson was wounded. Col. Gibbons of the 10th was killed. He was one of the best men I ever saw. Maj. Campbell (James C.) was wounded before he got on the field, but I think not dangerously.","I cannot tell what the enemy's loss was. They left some on the field, some in McDowell and scattered along at other places. Immediately after the fight the enemy burned all their baggage and stores at McDowell and retreated. At daylight they had all gone, and we started in pursuit. We followed three days march and came up with their rear at Franklin in Pendleton Co. We skirmished with them over a day, when we were ordered back, I do not know for what cause. It was reported that Genl. Fremont had brought on reinforcements and that a portion of Rosencranz force had joined Milroy. But I do not know that these reasons influenced Genl. Jackson. I do not know where we are going to, but think that we will not go to Staunton.","I received your letter enclosing copies of Abe's \u0026 Arthur's. I am very anxious to hear what Abe's fate has been. Write about him and Ike. Mr. Carrington is going to preach, and I do not feel like writing more. He was struck by a spent ball in the fight, but it only made him sick for awhile. Write soon and direct to Staunton. My love to Mother and Selina. I have heard nothing from J. Vance since I last wrote. \nYour brother Saml. V. Fulkerson","Head Quarters 3 Brigade, Valley District   \nCamp near Winchester, VA \n28 May 1862  ","Sir- \nIn making my report of the part acted by the 3rd Brigade in the battle near Winchester on the 25th inst., I have to say that on the morning of the 24th the Brigade left its bivouac four miles south of Front Royal at daylight and marched to Middletown, and thence down the main valley Pike in the direction of Winchester. Owing to delay occasioned by the enemy's skirmishers embarrassing the advance of the head of the column, daylight cam upon us near Kernstown, after which we quickly advanced to the mills south of Winchester, at which time a vigorous fire was going on between our own and the enemy's batteries.","I was ordered to file my Brigade to the left of the Pike and take position under shelter of a hill for the purpose of supporting one of our batteries. I was also ordered to report to Genl. Winder who was already upon the ground. I placed the 23rd \u0026 37th Va. Vols in the position indicated, when Genl Winder ordered me to occupy a wooded hill in an adjoining field, with one Regt, which position he informed me, the enemy were on the move to occupy. I at once ordered Col. Warren with the 10th Va Vols to take position on the hill which he quickly did. In a short time Genl. Winder ordered me to place another Regt. on the hill with the 10th, when I ordered Maj. Williams to march the 37th there which he did with dispatch. ","During all of the time of these movements, and in fact from the time when the Brigade first entered the field, it was exposed to a severe fire from the enemy's batteries and long range small arms. After these movements had been executed Col. Taliaferro was ordered to move the 23rd forward and charge a battery of the enemy in his front. He pushed forward with his Regt. in gallant style. But in the meantime Genl. Taylor's Louisiana Brigade had come upon the field, formed and moved in the direction of the enemy, coming up upon the left of Col. Taliaferro.  The 37th \u0026 10th followed immediately after Genl. Taylor's Brigade. On rushing the top of the ridge on which the enemy's batteries had been placed, a sharp musketry fire ensued, but soon a general charge was made by our whole line when the enemy gave way and fled precipitately through Winchester in the wildest confusion. We followed in immediate pursuit on the Martinsburg road, for four miles from Winchester, where we were halted. A list of the casualties is herewith furnished, from which it will be seen that the loss of the Brigade is, comparatively, very light.","Col. Taliaferro commanding the 23rd, Col Warren commanding the 10th and Maj. Williams commanding the 37th acted in the most gallant \u0026 efficient manner. I refer to the reports of Col. Taliaferro, Col. Warren, \u0026 Maj. Williams for the conduct of the officers \u0026 men of their respective Regts. I with pride bear testimony to the gallant conduct of the whole Brigade both officers and men.","I am indebted to Capt. Wm. B. Pendleton A.A.A. Genl. for his gallant conduct and prompt and cheerful manner with which he executed my orders. Capt Wooding's battery was not placed in position during the day. Respectfully \nSaml V. Fulkerson \nCol. Comd. Brigd.","Port Republic, Rockingham Co.  \n8 [June] 1862 ","Dear Kate \nThe place at which this letter is written is a pretty village near the foot of the Blue Ridge and about twelve miles from Harrisonburg, at the junction of the North and South Rivers, which form the Shenandoah.","I wrote you last from Winchester shortly after our arrival there, giving you an account of our march and proceedings up to that time. Since then we have undergone and almost incredible amount of hardship. We stayed at Winchester two days after taking the place and then proceeded to Charles Town and Harper's Ferry. We found a few of the enemy at Charles Town, but soon drove them down to the Ferry, where they made a stand having been largely re-enforced from Washington \u0026 elsewhere. The enemy were in position on Bolivar Heights on the Va. side and on the heights on the Maryland side of the river. Both of these positions had been fortified by Genl. Johnston last summer.","A portion of our forces crossed the Shenandoah river and took possession of Louden Heights. This was in the evening, a brisk cannonading going on, which was renewed the next morning, and continued till the enemy was driven from the Bolivar across the Potomac. About this time Genl. Jackson received information that Genl. Shields was crossing the Blue Ridge and Genl. Fremont was coming from Moorfield to form a junction at Strasburg and thus cut us off. This placed us in the hardest place that we have ever yet been. Genl. Jackson immediately ordered us to march back. We had about fifty miles to make to pass Strasburg, and our men were already terribly broken down by continued and hard marching. We marched to our camps near Winchester that night and next morning at day light started to Strasburg, which we reached before night. We had now marched about 70 miles in less than three days, in going to and returning from Harpers Ferry.","Gen. Shields was now at [Front] Port Royal, some 8 or 9 miles from Strasburg, and Genl. Fremont was 7 miles from Strasburg on the Moorefield road. So you see that we had only a gap of about 15 miles wide to get out at. During Saturday night I received an order from Genl. Jackson (I was still in command of our Brigade) to proceed next morning (Sunday) at daylight, some two or three miles on the Moorefield road, take position and resist the advance of the enemy. Before I could get a position, our scouts informed me that the enemy was advancing, when I hurried forward to a suitable position, and made disposition of my own and two other Brigades which were for the time under my command.","I sent forward a company of cavalry, which soon returned at the top of their speed with the enemy's cavalry close after them. We drove these back, but in a very short time the enemy's infantry came down the road and through the woods at double quick, and when they got within range halted and opened a brisk fire upon us, which was kept up for some time when they were driven back again. By this time Gen. Ewell came upon the field and assumed command of the whole. After the enemy's infantry were driven back, they placed two pieces of cannon in position and the two forces kept up a very pretty and brisk artillery duel for an hour or more, when the enemy withdrew from the field. After this Genl Jackson came out and said that he did not want to bring on a general engagement then, and ordered us to fall back towards Strasburg. I do not think that we had more than 10 or 15 men killed and wounded. My Regt. had none hurt.","[At this point, according to the sentence below, the date is now June 10th]\nA little after dark we left Strasburg for Woodstock to which place the waggon had been sent, and we had a terrible march. (This writing above was suddenly stopped about 8 oclk on Sunday morning last by the enemies cannon, and I will now try to finish on this the 10th). We got to Woodstock about daylight, all broken completely down and seemingly half dead. We were dogged all night by the enemy's cavalry, and I know that they picked up many of our broken down stragglers. I have between thirty and forty men missing, most I fear were taken. It is not to be wondered at. Many of the poor fellows actually walked much of that weary night, fast asleep, so worn out and exhausted were they with their terrible duty. I do not think that our Genl. exercised due diligence in getting his captured stores to a secure place. There was a vast amount of them, the greater portion of which he saved. But Genl. Shields made his appearance so suddenly at Front Royal that a portion of the stores captured there were retaken together with some of our wagons.","We marched from Woodstock to near Harrisonburg, and the next day to near Port Republic, which place we reached on Saturday evening. I thought the next day, being Sunday, that we would rest, and I began to write this letter, when I was stopped by the roar of cannon down at the town. The town is located in the fork of the two rivers, the north and larger branch being bridged, the other not. The enemy's cavalry had dashed into town, with two pieces of artillery, one of which they planted at the end of the bridge, and with a third they began a fire from the opposite side of the river. Genl Jackson was in town and was taken completely by surprise and came near being captured. ","We were camped about three quarters of a mile from town on the north side of the river. The enemy (Genl Shields force) had come up the river on the south side from Elk Run. In a very short time we were ordered to double quick to the bridge. My Regt. was just in the act of forming for inspection, and we got the start of the others. We passed through a wheat field with the enemy's gun from the other side of the river playing upon us. When we got to the top of the hill near the bridge the gun at the other end opened with grape upon us. My men returned the fire, when Genl. Jackson ordered me to charge through the bridge and take the gun. I led off and my men followed. We rushed through the bridge, captured the gun, and pursued the enemy through the town and until he crossed the south branch. I could have captured the other cannon in town, but I did not know of but one ford. We rushed to that, but found the enemy crossing higher up. We opened fire on them, killing some horses and two or three men and taking six or eight prisoners.","Charging in at one end of a bridge with a cannon yawning in at the other is no very pleasant past time. But my men went in so well, that it elicited the praise of the Genl. and all who witnessed it. When we got to the cannon, the smoke of the last fire was still issuing from its mouth. We charged them so quickly and so vigorously that my loss was little. Yancey Smith (brother of the Capt) of Russell was killed, and Sergt. E. Johnson and Walter James of Capt. Terry's company each had a thigh badly broken. I fear that Johnson is mortally wounded. We had put some of our artillery in position, which soon silenced the enemy's guns on the opposite side of the river, and drove them back, and they did not again advance on that day.","While this was going on, Genl. Fremont made an attack on our forces next to Harrisonburg. Our Brigade was ordered to hold the bridge and town against Genl. Shields, which we did, but could hear the fight on the other side, which lasted till nearly night with heavy loss on both sides. Our loss in officers was considerable. Genls Elzey \u0026 Stewart were wounded, though I think not dangerously. Our men drove the enemy back about a mile and held possession of the field during the night, having captured more than 100 prisoners.","On our march the day before from Harrisonburg, Fremont pressed our rear very hardly, and our protection subjected us to the heaviest and saddest loss that we have sustained in the valley. Ashby (but a short time a Brigadier) was killed. He had just made a brilliant charge on the enemy, capturing a Col, Maj., and a number of prisoners. Afterwards and about dark he was leading on foot (his horse having been killed), on Infantry Regt. when he was shot through the heart, and the saddest part of it is, that it is generally believed that he was shot by our own men. He was the most gallant man I ever saw, and withal a good man. When Ashby was between us and the enemy we felt perfectly secure against any surprise, and he was always on the enemy's heels. They had great fear of him. He kept them in constant dread. His place cannot be filled, and his death cast a gloom over the whole army. He had performed more feats of daring and had done more hard and perilous service than any man in the army.","As I have placed Sundays proceedings before Saturday, I will now pass over to Monday. During Sunday our train had been sent on the road towards Waynesboro in Augusta Co. But on Sunday night Genl. Jackson threw a foot bridge across the north branch, ordered his train to turn back and take the road through Brown's Gap into Albemarle, and by a little after sun rise he had the greater portion of his army across the foot bridge and marching against Genl. Shields force, which camped the night before in sight of us about three miles off. Our Brigade and Genl. Trimble's were ordered to hold the large bridge and to resist the advance of Fremont. Our force and Shield's soon became hotly engaged, and the fight became a very hard one. Our men were being severely pressed and suffering a great loss, when Genl Jackson galloped back and ordered me to move forward my Regt at double quick, which I did. He also had the other two Regt of the Brigade ordered forward. ","When I got upon the field, and was putting my men in position for action, the enemy gave way and we rushed forward, passing his battery which he abandoned, having first killed all the horses. In coming up we received a sharp fire. The enemy rallied and partially formed, but we kept on and they gave way again, and commenced a general run, and scatterment. My Regt happened to get in advance, and hounds never pursued a fox with more eagerness than they pursued the flying yankees. Some kept the road and some took the bushes, all intent on capturing a yankee. We captured about 400 prisoners most of whom were taken by my men, among them a number of officers from Col down. We also captured two Regimental flags, all of the enemies artillery (seven or eight guns), all of his ambulances \u0026 c., and a number of small arms.","The Infantry followed about six miles, and the cavalry having come up followed about six further. My men performed many individual acts of bravery one of which I notice, and you may send it to the Abingdon paper for publication. The rout was complete and entire. The prisoners say that Genl. Shields was not present, but that Genl Tyler was in command. We captured a number of our old acquaintances, the 5th Ohio, and our boys were glad to meet with them. After our Brigade crossed the north branch, Genl. Trimble crossed the large bridge and then set fire to it \u0026 burned it down. In a short time Genl. Fremont appeared at the burnt bridge, but could do nothing but listen to the fight and pursuit. On our return from the pursuit we quietly passed within plain view of Genl Fremont's camp, and marched to this place on the Blue Ridge, where we are staying today.","Our camp extends back to within four or five miles of Port Republic. Men were worse mangled in this fight than any that I have been in. Heads \u0026 limbs off and bodies torn open were frequent sights for several miles. ","On Sunday night Capt. Jno. Preston \u0026 Lieut. Jno Humes with fifty men were sent out on picket and were left out when we went into the fight on Monday. After Fremont made his appearance I sent back my Regt to bring in the picket, but he thought that he could not get to them, and come back about midnight last night. I have heard nothing from them since, but think and hope that they have gone to Staunton or Waynesboro, about 18 miles off. I am not in the habit of gathering spoils on the field, but one of me brought me a Col's horse, saddle, bridle \u0026 c. Another gave me a very pretty sword. The horse belonged to Col. Lewis of Pa. He has been a fine horse, but is getting old and is not a good riding horse. I also got the Col's Regimental flag.","You will see from this narrative that we have had a very active and exciting time. We have fought on three Sundays in succession, which will do pretty well for a religious Genl. I got Selina's letter the other day \u0026 will write her when I can. Write soon to Staunton. Don't know when we will go next. Love to Mother \u0026 Selina. \nYour brother \nS.V. Fulkerson ","Mr. F.M. Fulkerson ","Sir- \nIn reply to your letter of the 7th ult. permit me to say that Col. S.V. Fulkerson was an officer of distinguished worth. I deeply felt his death. He rendered valuable service to his country, and had he lived, would probably have been recommended by me before this time for a brigadier generalcy. So far as my knowledge extends, he enjoyed the confidence of his regiment and all who knew him.","I am Sir your obdt. servt  \nT.J. Jackson","V.M. Institute June 4th 1853","Dear Sister, \nI recd your letter the 28th of May. I was very glad to hear that were so well pleased with your school. I suppose that you will come home before you teach another session if you do so at all, Father wrote to me the other day for the first time, they are all well at home Father has sold his mare and bought a buggy, I suppose that he will quit riding horse back and splurge in his buggy for a while, your old Mister Brown was kicked by a horse the other day and broke his leg, his family had bad luck lately.","We will have a great ball on the if nothing happens they are prepareing tolerably rapidly now, the tickets came yesterday. I sent you one of them, I know you will be certain to come or else I would not send it to you","The examination will commence the 20th of June, Sam is on the Board again they meet about the 15th, I have some faint hopes of passing, but it is verry doubtful  I tell you, you must write to me oftener","Your affectionate Brother \nAbram Fulkerson","Virginia Military Institute \nApr 14 1854","Dear Mother \nI recd your letter a few days ago or weeks I am not certain which but however I have not had time to answer it until to day.","I have nothing very new or of much importance to write to you. Circuit court is going on at present in Lexington They are trying Christian the man that killed Cadet Blackburn  there has been a great deal of excitement with the people since it commenced  there is a great many of C. friends attending the trial. I suppose from all accounts that he will be hung","There was another murder committed in town a few weeks ago almost as bad as B's, a man by the name of Winn killed the proprietor of the Washington Hotel, his name was Moore they had a falling out the day he was killed some five or six hours before the fight occurred.  Winn went to his (Moore's) house that night about ten o'clock and called him out into the street + stabbed him through the heart with a knife the knife cut his heart very near into two pieces. He died in a few minutes afterwards. There is two other men in jail for shooting men besides all of this there was a negro hung in Lexington a few weeks ago for the same offence, but it did not appear to have much affect. It seems like Lexington is going to turn out to be one of the most corrupt and immoral places in the State of Virginia.","Virginia wrote to me a few days ago. Sister Alice and the children are all well.  Virginia say she likes her new home very well considering the short time that she has been there.  She did not say whether she was going to school any more at Rogersville or not.","I wrote to Sam sometime ago to know whether I had better go home this summer or put it off until next. He says he thinks I had better stay another year before I go home and indeed I thought so myself  was the reason I wrote to him about it. Therefore I will not have the opportunity of coming home til next July year. I would be very glad if I could come next year but taking every thing into consideration I think it will be best to stay here another year.","I heard from Catherine lately. She is getting along about as common I believe I understand that Frank is going to marry before long. But I do not know whether it is true or not. Dr. Walker's son was here the other day on his way home from Philadelphia. He has been taking medical lessons there, I had a long talk with him.  e stayed in town one day and night. I must bring my letter to a close as I have nothing more to write, tell Balf and Jim to write to me.","Your affectionate Son, \nA. Fulkerson","Cumberland Gap \nMay 18, 1863\n \nMy dear wife- \nYour last kind letter was recd by friday's mail. Your dear letters are my greatest pleasure and do away in a great measure with the horror of separation. The frequency with which we can communicate with each other is a rich blessing and brings us as if we're almost together.","One of our pickets came in the other day and reported that a Mr. Davis was at the lines and desired to enter. This report took me very much by surprise, for although you had mentioned the probability of his coming yet I did not look for him. He only stayed a few hours. After dinner (a very poor one without apology to him) I went [around] to show him some of the curiosities of Cumberland Gap, which he seemed to think would compensate any one for making the visit. He went back up the valley and expected to get home by Wednesday next. Will see you Sunday, if not sooner.","The intelligence of the death of Gen. Jackson came upon us like a shock. We feel that his death is a national calamity. The poorest soldiers among us appreciated his worth - loved the man, and mourn his loss. I knew him well.1  He was my preceptor for more than four years and whilst during that time I did not appreciate the man, as school [schoolboys?]are not like to do, yet I always had great reverence for the man on account of his piety \u0026 uprightness of character. Among the many heroes of this revolution, none have lived so much adored, none have died so much deplored, and none have left a character as spotless as that of Stonewall Jackson. Could his life have been spared till the close of this cruel war, the unanimous voice of a grateful people would have proclaimed him chief ruler of the nation. But God has seen proper to take him from us, and what He does is right and for the best. It is [illegible] therefore that we make the sacrifice cheerfully, th'o we cannot see why our country should be deprived of his services at his her hour of greatest need.","I have no news of importance more than you will see in the papers. The news from Ky is vague and unreliable. It is reported and believed that there are three or four Regmts at Barboursville, 30 miles distant. That Burnsides is preparing to invade E. Tenn. on a large scale there seems no longer to be any doubt. A southern woman the wife of a Lincolnite told Mrs. Patterson today that a runner had just come across the mountain to tell the Union people, they must stay at home, that the Feds would be in, in about three weeks, that where they were found absent it would be an evidence of disloyalty. I will not be surprised if they make an effort about that time.","Mr. Patterson started to the R.R. today - is going to the salt works. I asked him to stop and see you all, but he would not promise. No prospect of any goods yet. Do you want any money? When you need money or any thing else you must not fail to let me know. My love to mother \u0026 Kate. Write often,\nYour affectionate husband \nAF","Field Officers Barracks, Ft. Delaware May 7 1865 ","My dear wife","I have not heard directly from you since the 4th of Feb. Your letter was directed to Ft. Pulaski. I received on my way here at Hilton Head S.C. Since that time we have passed through the most eventful period of the war. The closing scenes are being enacted, and with hearts overwhelmed with grief \u0026 sadness we bow in deep humiliation in their contemplation. The present, thank God, is only the \"beginning of the end.\" The military power of the South is broken, the spirit is not. The ball has been put in motion by the people of the South, an impetus has been given it, which will eventually result in the destruction of the U.S. Government and if not in the independence of the South, certainly in the disenthrallment of her people. Ten years will see us under the protecting wing of a foreign power, or independent.","I expect to meet you soon, not crowned with the laurels of victory but with the oath crammed down my throat, a quiescent citizen of the United States. I have the sweet consolation of being conscious of having served the cause faithfully. I sacrificed everything but life, and hazarded that, many times \u0026 in many ways, in behalf of my country. I have not the slightest fear that any man can ever point at me the finger of scorn and say \"you done it.\" I have performed my duty and now abandon the cause as (at present) hopeless, without in the least having changed my opinion as to the justness of that cause. I go now to share with the people of the south the deep humiliation which will be dictated by yankee vindictiveness.","I have heard from you thr'o your father up to March 1st. Receive letters from him often. Says he will send you money \u0026 c thr'o Mr. Armstrong. Hope you may have no difficulty in getting along. I cannot tell when I will be released, but probably soon. My love to Kate. Tell the boy, I'll be home soon. Your affect. husband. A. Fulkerson P.W.","Officers Barracks  \nFt. Delaware  \nMay 13, 1865 ","My dear wife- \nYour esteemed letter of the 17th April, via Knoxville reached me a few days since. I cannot express my gratification at learning that you were all well, and living. The terrible events which have transpired in the Confederacy within the past two months, and my great anxiety about you, taken together, had rendered me very unhappy, indeed wretched.","The last letter but one from you was dated 4th Feb and recd at Hilton Head S.C. the day after our departure from Ft. Pulaski. I have written you several times since my arrival here, via Richmond. About a week ago I sent you a letter to the care of Mr. Armstrong, but as I was in a very unhappy humor about them \"Cause\" it is probable that much that I said was too harsh and \"contraband\" and caused the\"confiscation\" of the letter. ","We left Ft. Pulaski on the 4th March, ordered by Genrl. Grant to be exchanged. When we reached Old Point active operations had commenced on the James, were sent here. The result of the campaign was disastrous to our aims. It has ended our hopes for exchange, if not for liberty itself. I cannot talk about our misfortunes in a letter, but must wait till I see you. It seems at present, that the only means of getting out of prison, is by taking the oath. It is probable therefore I will return to you soon, not crowned with victorious laurels, but as a loyal subject (overpowered) of the U.S. I do not know whether you would recognize me as a citizen or not, perhaps you may, if necessity forces it upon me.","I hear from your father often. He wrote me he was making arrangements to send you money \u0026 clothing th'ro Mr. Armstrong. I hope it will not be inconvenient for Kate to keep you with her til I am released. My health is now very good. Your affectionate husband. A. Fulkerson.  \nLove to Mrs. H and the boy (as you may not receive this for months, I will say our boy)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFulkerson Family papers, 1835-1925. MS 0363. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Fulkerson Family papers, 1835-1925. MS 0363. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr.          (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nIn addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattles of Port Republic and Kernstown\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeath of Turner Ashby\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefugee and civilian life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCamp life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAlso included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia. Topics include family news and talks of Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s first days at VMI and encourages him to study, stating \"you now have a chance of getting a better education and of\ndoing more for yourself than any of your brothers have ever had an opportunity of getting or doing for themselves, and if you do not turn you chance to good advantage it will be your own fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Topics include Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s progress at VMI and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI examinations and grades. Samuel V. Fulkerson warns Abram Fulkerson, Jr. about the excessive number of demerits and cautions about leaving school, stating \"I do not like to hear you expressing a desire to resign. You know that a great part of your expense is paid by the state, and that you have undertaken to teach two years in the state as a sort of recompense. You will not forget this obligation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI finances and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s \"unkind conduct.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a recent trip and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards Civil War news and concerns for family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp near New Market, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Kernstown, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport after the Battle of McDowell, Virginia. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Augusta County, Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and a recent battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport written to Major R. L. Dabney. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment in the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript copy. The letter discusses the character of General Stonewall Jackson and the events at the Battle of Port Republic, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter, Stonewall Jackson extends condolences after the death of Samuel V. Fulkerson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppointment to the VMI Board of Visitors (1853) and to judgeship (1857).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes letters two letters and one letter fragment written while Abram Fulkerson, Jr. was a cadet at VMI and three letters written during his Civil War service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news, the military ball, and exams. The letter includes an invitation to the military ball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news and the trial of Charles Christian for the murder of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Cumberland Gap. Letter regards the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and defeat of the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and being exchanged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains financial and business papers, and genealogical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of three items of correspondence, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetter from Margaret Fulkerson (Vance) to Mrs. Jane Preston (dated October 24, 1835)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetter from J. S. Bradley to his cousin Harriet Fulkerson (dated July 24, 1847)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetter from Dolly Bradley to Harriet Fulkerson (dated February 27, 1848) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of related to three members of the Fulkerson family: Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1822-1862), his brother Abram Fulkerson, Jr.          (1834-1902), and Abram's son, Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926). Significant items include:\n Civil War correspondence (dated March-May 1862) written by Samuel V. Fulkerson (1822-1862) Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) reports of the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Winchester (dated May and June 1862) Wartime correspondence (dated 1863 and 1865) written by Abram Fulkerson, Jr. Two letters were written while he was a prisoner of war. A letter of appreciation (dated September 1862) written by General Stonewall Jackson following Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862) death in battle \nIn addition to the battles mentioned above, topics include:\n Battles of Port Republic and Kernstown Death of Turner Ashby Refugee and civilian life Camp life References to Stonewall Jackson, including Samuel V. Fulkerson's (1822-1862 assessment of his character and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s reflections following the Jackson's death \nAlso included are biographical and genealogical material, business and financial papers of Samuel Vance Fulkerson (1863-1926), and family correspondence.","Written from Estillville, Scott County, Virginia. Topics include family news and talks of Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s first days at VMI and encourages him to study, stating \"you now have a chance of getting a better education and of\ndoing more for yourself than any of your brothers have ever had an opportunity of getting or doing for themselves, and if you do not turn you chance to good advantage it will be your own fault.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Topics include Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s progress at VMI and family news.","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI examinations and grades. Samuel V. Fulkerson warns Abram Fulkerson, Jr. about the excessive number of demerits and cautions about leaving school, stating \"I do not like to hear you expressing a desire to resign. You know that a great part of your expense is paid by the state, and that you have undertaken to teach two years in the state as a sort of recompense. You will not forget this obligation.\"","Written from Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia. Letter regards VMI finances and Abram Fulkerson, Jr.'s \"unkind conduct.\"","Letter regards a recent trip and family news.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards Civil War news and concerns for family.","Written from camp near New Market, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Kernstown, Virginia.","Report after the Battle of McDowell, Virginia. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment.","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and a recent battle.","Report written to Major R. L. Dabney. The report discusses the participation of 37th Virginia Regiment in the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Typescript copy. The letter discusses the character of General Stonewall Jackson and the events at the Battle of Port Republic, Virginia.","In the letter, Stonewall Jackson extends condolences after the death of Samuel V. Fulkerson.","Appointment to the VMI Board of Visitors (1853) and to judgeship (1857).","This series includes letters two letters and one letter fragment written while Abram Fulkerson, Jr. was a cadet at VMI and three letters written during his Civil War service.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news, the military ball, and exams. The letter includes an invitation to the military ball.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family news and the trial of Charles Christian for the murder of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Cumberland Gap. Letter regards the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and defeat of the South.","Written from Fort Delaware Prison. Letter regards end of the Civil War and being exchanged.","This series contains financial and business papers, and genealogical information.","This series consists of three items of correspondence, including:\n Letter from Margaret Fulkerson (Vance) to Mrs. Jane Preston (dated October 24, 1835) Letter from J. S. Bradley to his cousin Harriet Fulkerson (dated July 24, 1847) Letter from Dolly Bradley to Harriet Fulkerson (dated February 27, 1848) "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_037e0e501ef493707a01e4a9bf4b0596\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Williams, Titus V. (Titus Vespasian), 1835-1908","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"persname_ssim":["Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1822-1862","Fulkerson, Samuel V. (Samuel Vance), 1863-1926","Fulkerson, Abram, Jr., 1834-1902","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","Williams, Titus V. (Titus Vespasian), 1835-1908","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.253Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_596"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James A. Harden papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_556.xml","title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"text":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556","James A. Harden papers","Fort Delaware (Del.)","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th","There are no restrictions","James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.","James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.","V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames","The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_ssim":["James A. Harden papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"creator_ssm":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"places_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 items"],"extent_tesim":["27 items"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/2132\"\u003eJames A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Contents Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eV.M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 6th, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReturned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro‐\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to\u003cbr\u003e \nCadet Jas. A. Harden\u003cbr\u003e \nV. M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e \nLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e \nNever ~Darling~ \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Fairfax Station\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 21st 1861 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father,\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026amp; he can take it under consideration \u0026amp; report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026amp; that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026amp; what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026amp; gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e\nJim\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy regards to Miss Matilda \u0026amp; Mr. Stevens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain\u003cbr\u003e\nOct. 3rd/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Manassas\u003cbr\u003e\nJany 4th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026amp; Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026amp; will probably be all winter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Giles Co. Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nNov  11th 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister‐\u003cbr\u003e\nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro James \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 3rd, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI rec'd your kind \u0026amp; affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026amp; started back to this point I left my desk \u0026amp; all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026amp; they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026amp; did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026amp; most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis Batt. \u0026amp; the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026amp; I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026amp; sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026amp; four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026amp; everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026amp; whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026amp; \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026amp; forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026amp; I left some clothing at her house \u0026amp; the Yankees heard of it \u0026amp; went \u0026amp; searched the house \u0026amp; destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026amp; of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026amp; all friends when you write again. Good bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour Loving Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026amp; took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026amp; if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026amp; get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotionally\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 19th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour most devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHead Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 26, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotedly,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003cbr\u003e\nMy best love to all\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near the Chickahominy\u003cbr\u003e\nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 4th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026amp; repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026amp; had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026amp; determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Strasburg Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 22nd 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026amp; drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026amp; moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026amp; captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026amp; some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026amp; I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026amp; the news. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDid you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026amp; come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026amp; I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames‐\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley\u003cbr\u003e \n(I have no stamps\u0026amp; it is impossible to get any here) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[letter continues on the top of Page 1]\u003cbr\u003e\nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026amp; whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Martinsburg Va.\u003cbr\u003e \nJuly 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026amp; we (the Infantry) halted \u0026amp; the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026amp; camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026amp; yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026amp; blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026amp; haversacks \u0026amp; everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026amp; fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026amp; retreated towards Williamsport.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhere we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026amp; bread \u0026amp; meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026amp; as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.\u003cbr\u003e \nEver my precious sister \u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[end of letter continues on tops of other pages]\u003cbr\u003e\nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[On back of envelope]\u003cbr\u003e \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026amp; Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Winchester, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 18th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister;\u003cbr\u003e\nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026amp; attacked the enemy here \u0026amp; drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026amp; Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026amp; a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026amp; may cross the river \"if we can\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026amp; when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026amp; nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026amp; enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026amp; will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e \nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester]\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 14th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026amp; Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026amp; I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026amp; headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026amp; sick. Got no clothes, no nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite me at once.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affect. Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 30th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026amp; relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to:\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjt. J. A. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry.\u003cbr\u003e\nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del.\u003cbr\u003e\nVia Flag of truce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 1st, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026amp; Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026amp; family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nEver your devoted Bro\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 9th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy precious Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026amp; as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026amp; I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026amp; at Uncle J's \u0026amp; all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026amp; well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026amp; well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour ever devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalnut Grove\u003cbr\u003e\nTuesday morning\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026amp; could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour fond \u0026amp; devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81f984174fa2507dfcea3bda3e994bec\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:40.745Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_556.xml","title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"text":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556","James A. Harden papers","Fort Delaware (Del.)","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th","There are no restrictions","James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.","James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.","V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames","The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_ssim":["James A. Harden papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"creator_ssm":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"places_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 items"],"extent_tesim":["27 items"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/2132\"\u003eJames A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Contents Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eV.M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 6th, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReturned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro‐\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to\u003cbr\u003e \nCadet Jas. A. Harden\u003cbr\u003e \nV. M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e \nLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e \nNever ~Darling~ \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Fairfax Station\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 21st 1861 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father,\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026amp; he can take it under consideration \u0026amp; report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026amp; that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026amp; what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026amp; gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e\nJim\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy regards to Miss Matilda \u0026amp; Mr. Stevens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain\u003cbr\u003e\nOct. 3rd/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Manassas\u003cbr\u003e\nJany 4th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026amp; Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026amp; will probably be all winter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Giles Co. Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nNov  11th 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister‐\u003cbr\u003e\nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro James \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 3rd, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI rec'd your kind \u0026amp; affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026amp; started back to this point I left my desk \u0026amp; all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026amp; they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026amp; did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026amp; most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis Batt. \u0026amp; the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026amp; I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026amp; sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026amp; four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026amp; everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026amp; whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026amp; \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026amp; forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026amp; I left some clothing at her house \u0026amp; the Yankees heard of it \u0026amp; went \u0026amp; searched the house \u0026amp; destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026amp; of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026amp; all friends when you write again. Good bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour Loving Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026amp; took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026amp; if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026amp; get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotionally\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 19th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour most devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHead Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 26, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotedly,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003cbr\u003e\nMy best love to all\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near the Chickahominy\u003cbr\u003e\nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 4th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026amp; repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026amp; had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026amp; determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Strasburg Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 22nd 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026amp; drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026amp; moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026amp; captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026amp; some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026amp; I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026amp; the news. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDid you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026amp; come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026amp; I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames‐\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley\u003cbr\u003e \n(I have no stamps\u0026amp; it is impossible to get any here) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[letter continues on the top of Page 1]\u003cbr\u003e\nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026amp; whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Martinsburg Va.\u003cbr\u003e \nJuly 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026amp; we (the Infantry) halted \u0026amp; the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026amp; camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026amp; yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026amp; blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026amp; haversacks \u0026amp; everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026amp; fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026amp; retreated towards Williamsport.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhere we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026amp; bread \u0026amp; meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026amp; as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.\u003cbr\u003e \nEver my precious sister \u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[end of letter continues on tops of other pages]\u003cbr\u003e\nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[On back of envelope]\u003cbr\u003e \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026amp; Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Winchester, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 18th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister;\u003cbr\u003e\nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026amp; attacked the enemy here \u0026amp; drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026amp; Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026amp; a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026amp; may cross the river \"if we can\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026amp; when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026amp; nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026amp; enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026amp; will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e \nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester]\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 14th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026amp; Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026amp; I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026amp; headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026amp; sick. Got no clothes, no nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite me at once.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affect. Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 30th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026amp; relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to:\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjt. J. A. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry.\u003cbr\u003e\nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del.\u003cbr\u003e\nVia Flag of truce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 1st, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026amp; Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026amp; family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nEver your devoted Bro\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 9th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy precious Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026amp; as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026amp; I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026amp; at Uncle J's \u0026amp; all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026amp; well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026amp; well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour ever devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalnut Grove\u003cbr\u003e\nTuesday morning\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026amp; could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour fond \u0026amp; devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81f984174fa2507dfcea3bda3e994bec\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:40.745Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Garibaldi Civil War papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCamp life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily news\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e The letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_586.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00005.xml","title_ssm":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0284","/repositories/3/resources/586"],"text":["MS.0284","/repositories/3/resources/586","John Garibaldi Civil War papers","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Chancellorsville (Va.), Battle of, 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Winchester (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Romney Campaign, 1861-1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","Full text transcriptions of the Garibaldi letters are available online","John Garibaldi, a Confederate soldier, was born in Genoa, Italy, on April 30, 1831. He immigrated to the United States 1851, where he married Sarah Ann Virginia Poor of Botetourt County, Virginia. ","During the Civil War Garibaldi served as 3rd Sergeant, Company C, 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment (Stonewall Brigade). He was captured at Kernstown, Virginia on March 23, 1862 and sent to Ft. Delaware, Delaware prison. Garibaldi was exchanged on August 5, 1862 and returned to duty until captured at Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia on May 12, 1864. He was again imprisoned at Ft. Delaware and was exchanged for the second time on October 30, 1864.","After the War Garibaldi was a teacher and farmer in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He died in Big Island, Bedford County, Virginia, on September 8, 1914 and is buried in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia.","Dear Miss- \nI received yours of the 24 instant just yesterday evening from which I understand with the greatest pleasure that you was well and also the whole of the family, with the whole of the neighbors around you. This leaves me enjoying a perfect good health as it has been the case always. We have had right merry Christmas, we had plenty to eat such as it was and plenty to drink, pretty near the whole of Holloway's company was drunk. The Captain bought about 10\nor 15 gallons of liquor and gave it to the company, he was right merry himself. The whole of the 27 regiment was almost drunk even the Colonels, they were drunk too.","The last letter I wrote you I told you that we were under marching orders, but we did not know where to and now that we all got back safe, except one killed out of our Regiment, belonging to the Rockbridge Rifles, and another slightly wounded by a shell belonging to the artillery, I can tell you where we have been. We left this camp on Monday morning at three o'clock and reached the Potomac river on the second day after dark, at the dam number five about ten miles above Williamsport, there we remained for four days breaking the dam in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.","The only time that we could work at it was at night in the darkest so as to keep from being shot from the Yankees from the opposite side of the river. They had full view at us in the day time, we had to descend down on the dam from a high precipice of steep rocks while they on the other side they had a small hill, which was in cultivation, to descend to the dam and had a full view at us. We, in the day time, had to march way from there and go out in the countries where we had a full view of then and then march back again in the night after about seven o'clock. We had left our tents about midway between here and the river, therefore we had no tents to sleep in, neither could we make any fire in the night in order to keep from being seen by the enemy, but we [had] good overcoats and blankets enough to keep from freezing.","There was a great large mill just below the dam, and was burn'd up by the shells thrown in there by the enemy on the second night. A company from our regiment called the Rockbridge Rifles was in the mill guarding those that were working on the dam just as the mill was set a fire from the other side they came out and that was when one of them got killed by a bombshell. They had a narrow path to go through where no more than one at a time could pass and the Yankees were throwing balls as fast as they could at the same time. Some of them remained behind rocks all day and came out at night about ten or fifteen remained there\nall day and didn't come out till night. I anxious to see the Yankees crept up behind rocks and remained there hid for about an hour and shot several times at the Yankees. After I got tire to stay there I got up and walked off, and as I was going away from my hidden place I believe\nthere was no less than five or six shot at me but none of them hitted me, it was almost too far off to be killed by a ball although there was several of the Yankees shot we could see them laying on the ground and when they were falling.","There was a constant shooting from each side of the river from morning till night, it was no regular battle only for those that wanted to fight could go and take up a position on this side of the river and fire away as much as they wanted. The general came by one evening and looked very much pleased at the boys and said pitch in boys it is a free fight. We killed a good many Yankees and they only killed one of us. After we succeeded in breaking the dam, we came back to our old camp where we now are. It is believed that we shall leave here and go to Romney to have a fight with the Yankees. This is the general belief, that we will march in a day or two and if we go Romney we shall have a hard fight in driving away the enemy from behind\ntheir fortifications. They are just now taking a list of all the cartridges we have in order to give us a full supply and march us off to Romney. I have a heap more to tell you but I haven't time to do it for we have to go out on a general review. So goodbye. I send you my likeness also. So Goodbye. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Miss Sarah A.V. Poor \nWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letter where you did the last one.","Camp Near Winchester Va. \nJanuary 28, 1862","Dear Sir: \nI take this favorable opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same. I received your little box that you send me yesterday, with two pair of gloves, a vest and a pair of socks. I sold the vest for three dollars and a half. I had bought me a vest last Christmas in Winchester and therefore I didn't need it and sold a pair of gloves\nfor one dollar and a half. I kept a pair of gloves and the pair of socks for myself.","We arrived here on the 25 from Romney and don't know how long we shall remain. We were under marching orders this morning but the order was countermanded on account of the weather which was raining very hard this morning. We don't know how long we shall stay here now; we may stay here few days longer. We were going about 4 miles from here to build shanties for the winter. We had a hard march during the whole time. We left Camp Stevenson on the New Years Day early in the morning, and took up our line of march to Bath the county seat of Morgan County.","On the fourth day after our departure, there was a fight expected with the yankees who were 1,400 strong, but there was not much of a fight. Our militia had a little fight with them and there was twenty killed and wounded in our militia. We don't know how many there was killed and wounded on the north side. The volunteers didn't shoot a gun. They didn't even see the yankees. The militia was put in front and we, the volunteers behind, to support them. Our forces consisted of about fourteen thousand, the yankees at the hearing of our approach ran away and did not make any stand. They left behind them two cannons but they spiked them before they left them. They left behind them also the right smart army [sto--], about forty thousand dollars worth. Before we left Bath we destroyed two or three bridges on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and tored up right smart track.","After that we took up our line of march to Romney, but the road was so bad that our wagons couldn't keep up and we had to wait on them for four days at the distance of about 14 miles from Bath, and after our wagons got up we started again and reached Romney on the fourth day. The yankees that were in Romney left also on double quick so that we volunteers had no fight at all except few of our cavalry and the militia. The Yankees in leaving Romeny left behind them about five hundred barrels of crackers, a large quantity of flour, clothing, ammunition, and good many other things from there. After we been there four or five days we took our line of march toward Winchester, which we reached on the third day.","Here we are now camped for two or three days and we may go away tomorrow or after tomorrow but we will not go very far. We are just going three or four miles from here to\nbuild our winter quarters and threr we shall remain for the balance of the winter and have no more marches for this winter. I'll have time to write to you oftner than I did before. The Captain is at home on a furlow and he has all my money. If I had some with me I would send you ten dollars, but the Captain's furlow will soon be out and he'll come back. I will get some money and send it to you.","We had a march of twenty five days. We suffered right smart cold weather during that time, for good many had no tent and they had to lay out on the wet over snow beds and\nsnow falling at the same time. Good many took sick and never will get better. They are dying nine or ten almost every day. There is about three hundred in the hospital\nbelonging to our brigade, the whole of them got sick by the exposure of the weather. Thank goodness I have stood up very well and never got sick yet. I was on every march,\nand did my duty as well as any soldier ever did. I feel very well, only I have a little cough.","Bath is now in posession of our militia and Romney is now protected by about eight thousand volunteers, partly Virginians, South Carolinians, and some from Arkansas. My\ncandle is nearly out and I must quit writing for tonight. So good night Dear Sarah. Good night sleep well. I hope I will see by and by.","January 30","Having some what leisure time this morning to finish my letter, I thought it fit to finish it off and send it to you. We left that Camp in the next morning and marched about six miles to a place where we will remain for the balance of the winter here. We are going to build shanties to live in. As we were going to Romney we passed where the Yankees had been and I saw near all the houses had been burned up by them. The hogs stuck with the bayonet, some shot the cattle, and the sheep were treated like wise. As we were coming from Romney by another road altogether, we met with an equal destruction.","They killed an old shoemaker, and then burned him up in his house. At another place again they killed another man, who had a wife and three or four small children, and\nafterward they set fire to the house driving his wife and children out of the door. The lady tried to go in the house to try to take out some furniture in order to keep it from burning, but they would not let her so that every thing was burned up, with the corpse of her husband. As we were coming by some found some of his bones in pieces and\nthey put them in their pocket as a relic. As soon as that woman saw our brigade coming she began to cry thinking that may be we were yankees.","Dear Miss, I could come home for two months on a furlow by reenlisting for two years longer, for nobody can get any furlow any more unless he reenlist for two years or during the war. But I don't think I will for I have only three months and a half to stay now and then our time will be out, and I don't intend to volunteer any more. I shall belong to the militia myself for I see that the militia don't have so much hard ship to go thru as the volunteers have, and they are getting the same wages and the same kind of rations, and they have more liberty than we. Only the militia has to make the first attack on the enemy, and then the volunteers come in at the last. So I think I'll come and stay at home untill they draft me. Good many have already reenlisted and are gone home on furlow. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and to all of the family also and remain your affectionate lover untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","To Miss Sarah A. W. Poor \nEnclose you will find four envelops with postage stamps on. The name of this Camp is Zollicoffer I think. I haven't quite understood it [quite] well yet but I will tell you the Name of it better some other time. You will please write to me as soon as this comes to hands and direct your letter to \nWinchester Va. Care of Captain L. T. Hollowy. 27th Reg. Va. Vols.","Camp near Bunker Hill, October 24, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few line I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands, may find you enjoying the same blessings. I arrived here yesterday morning safe. We had to walk from Staunton to this place, about one hundred and fifteen miles distant.\nIt is the general opinion of the men and officers that we shall not stay here long, that we shall either advance again into Maryland or retreat back up the Valley on account that we are too far from any railroad branch, and can't get [means] for transportation. There is no yankee of any amount on this side of the Potomac.","I haven't any news to tell you at this time. I haven't been in the camp long enough to learn any. The boys here are as lively as crickets, just as lively as if it was in time of peace, or as if they were at home. There is thirty four men in our compnay fit for duty. Our company makes up\nnear half of the regiment, it is no more than a good company the whole regiment. They nearly all deserted or went home on a French. There is some few sick and wounded but not many. There was only twelve in the Battle of Sharpsburg in Maryland out of our regiment. The balance remained behind, and the most of them never went across the river. Patrick [Hai----], that use to work up on the mountain is dead. He was wounded in the late battle of Manassas in one of his knees and died.","Every thing is quiet here in the Camp. Dear I could not even buy me a sheet of paper in Winchester to write to you. There is none to be bought. The boys are writing on paper that they have captured on the battle field. When ever you write to me you must send me a blank sheet of paper in your letter. The boys say that we shall soon have our pay and if so, I will send you some. Dear I would like to see you, and feel lonesome for you. Give my best respects to mother, Russia, [illegible] and to all the enquiring friends. So nothing more at present but to reamin you affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Allen, Clarke County, VA. \nNovember 2, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith this opportunity I set myself down to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand may find you enjoying the same blessing. I thought I set down this morning to write you these few lines in order to tell you where and how to direct your answers, being that I think I forgot it on my last letter. It is very hard to get paper to write,\nenvelops or postage stamps either. I couldn't a postage stamp in the company and I had to tear a leaf off an old book in order to write you this letter and I am bound to send it without prepayment.","We are soon to have a pay day, and I have about one hundred and fifty dollars of which, if I can get a chance, I want send you one hundred and thirty, and if I don't get chance to send them to you I intend to take a French furlow and fetch them home myself if I can.","I have no news whatever to write to you now. Everything is peacable in the camp, but I don't know how long it will remain so. There has been cannonading heard this morning in the direction of Harpers Ferry, and it is said that the enemy is crossing large force over the Potomac. We don't get chance to see any newspaper at all and have no news to tell you at present. You must write to me as often as you can for I am very glad to hear from you at all times. Dear I am lonesome for you and would like to be with you, but I hope that the Lord will spare my life long enough to come home again and to see peace restored once more in our\ncountry. But there ain't much sign of peace now for I heard the cannons whilst I am writing. The following shall be the dirction with which you shall send me your letter. \nMr. John Garibaldi \n27th Va. Regt. Company C. \nCare of Captain C. L. Haynes \nFirst Brigade \nJackson's Division","Nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. John Garibaldi.","To Sarah A. Garibaldi. Give my best respects to the whole of the family. I haven't been able to see George yet.","Camp Bailor. November 20th 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying the same blessings.","Having somewhat time to spare now and thinking that we are going to have some long march, for we have just received orders to cook a day's ration and be ready to march in the morning by day light, therefore I may not have time to write to you any more for some time. I thought I better write this present in order to let you know that I am well. I have written you three letters and this makes the fourth one and yet I have not received any answer for them and in my last one I have enclosed five dollars and would like to know whether you received them or not.","Please write to me and don't care how often you do write if it is twice a week I'll be very glad to receive them, for nothing will satisfie me but to hear from you. You are the only one that I care for in this world, and I expect that I am the only one that you care for too. Let us not therefore abandon each other, let not distance be the cause of our forgetfulness. Little did we get to stay\ntogether but I hope that, if God wills, we shall reunite ourselves together, again, never to be parted except by death and I hope that we shall never forsake the hour in which we were united together by ties of matrimony, that we shall lead a happy life together and agreeable as\nit becomes two married people. A day is not passing without thinking of the one I left behind.","Dear We were paid out about three weeks ago and I received one hundred and fifty dollars and wish that I could put them in your hands. You said that you'd think yourself rich if you had one hundred dollars in pocket and I wish I could satisfie you to give them to you. To send them\nin a letter I don't like to trust, so that I shall have to wayt an opportunity to send them to you by hands, or untill I come home myself.","Dear I must tell you that I was appointed Sergeant here lately, my pay is now seventeen dollars per month. George Gilbert Was Sergnt himself but was broken on account of his straggling out from the company without permission, as we were marching through Winchester, and stayed away four or five days. David Gilbert was Corporal and was broken\nfrom his office for the same offence. John Hepler is Corporal now in place of David Gilbert himself. There was sever other noncommissioned officers from our company broken for the same offence.","There is some talk about us going back to Camp Zollicoffer where we made our winter quarters last winter, and we will then be stationed in our old shanties that we built last winter. Dear Give my best respects to mother, Russian, Isiah, Sale, and Mary and to all the neighbors. If there is any furlow given this winter I shall get one, for I am entitle to it and come home and stay, and we shall enjoy ourselves ittle more. Dear thre some little talk of peace about the camp, some thinks that next spring will bring peace and we shall all then come home and rejoin our wives once more. Dear I can't get no postage stamps in Winchester. They thought that we were going to evacuate the place and they send them all away so that I can not pay for the letters that I am sending you, but as soon as I can get any I shall commence to pay for the letter. Dear I have no news to tell you now. I shall just end my letter by wishing you all the good that the world can afford you and try to take good care for yourselves so nothing more at present, but remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me as soon as you get this letter and direct your letters all the time to Mr. John Garibaldi, Comapny C., 27th Va. Regt.","Enclose you will find two dollars which you will keep and make use of it as necessity requires you.","To Mrs. Sarah A.V. Garibaldi.","Dear you must write to me at least once a week so good by Dear Wife.","Camp Winder \nJanuary 4, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I hope to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand will find you enjoying the same blessing. I received three letters from you since I have been with the company and have been awaiting the fourth one but I haven't seen it yet. I hastened therefore to write this present one and to tell you to send me one and don't care whether you either write it or buy me one and send it to me so I may get a letter from you.","I have send you sixty seven dollars since I have been in the Company and would like to know whether you received it or not. I have more to send you but would like to know if you got that I send you before I send you any more. I send fifty dollars enclosed in a letter to Mr. Pursinger by Mr. Lamby just few days before Christmas which I hope you shall have received before this time. You now can buy yourself a cow if you see one that suits you and if Mother is going to sell that little colt you can buy it too provide you can keep him.","I do not know when I shall get chance to come home. It may be that I'll be able to come home but I think it very doubtful. There is no chance for any furlow at present and I don't know when there will be any. There is a heap talk of peace now in the north, but I wouldn't put no dependence in them. But after while I think they'll get tire to get whipt and they will then give us up for a bad joke but that may not be for a good while.","I have not much to tell you at this time. I wrote to you day before Christmas and told you all the news I knew then about the battle. I have written to MackPherson, to old man [A---] and to Pursinger several times since the battle. [illegible] soon have another pay day. Dear you must write to me as often as you can and beg to take good care for yourself until I come home and stay with you and I hope that we shall never forget the hour in which we were joined together but that bless the day on which you and I were joined together with the ties of Matrimony. I\nshall quit writing by just remind you to write to me and wish you all the good that the world can afford you and remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah A. V. Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall first Virginia Brigade \nCare of Captain Charles L. Wagner.","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 18, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI received your kind and affectionate letter of the fourth instant from which I understood with pleasure that you and the house hold was all well. I would have written to you sooner, but I was on Picket when I received it and had therefore no chance to answer. We came back last night late and I thought I would answer it today.","I received them two pair of socks that you send me by Lee H.B. Terry which I was very glad to receive and stood in need of. Now the next thing I like you to do by the next opportunity offered it is to send me some black and white thread if you can get it anywhere and some hard soap as we can't get any anywhere.","I have only received four letters from you since I have been with the Company and have heard that you have only received four from me, but if I have written four letters I have written a dozen of them. In one of them I have enclosed five dollars in another two dollars in another ten dollars and in another fifty dollars. I have heard that you have received the five dollars the two dollars and the fifty dollars but don't hear anything about the ten dollars. You will please to write to me and tell whether you have received the ten dollars or not. I would send you some more but I am afraid to send them in a letter. But if Henry Gilliland is coming on a furlow which\nI expect he will do before long I will by him. I have applied for one myself but I don't know whether I will get it yet or not. Perhaps I will get one before the winter is over, but it will only be for fifteen days furlow.","I have no news to tell you at this time but to tell you that this leaves me well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C, 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, Jackson's Corps","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 27, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written to you week before last in response to the one that you send me by Lee A.B. Terry, for which I haven't yet, received any answer. Dear you must write to me often for I would like to hear from you every week, for I feel lonesome enough and my getting no letter from you makes me more lonesome still; you will please therefore to write to me weekly if you want please me. I have written to you\nabout a douzen of letters and haven't received but four letters yet.","I have some money to send you but I am afraid to risk it in this letter. The next safe opportunity I will get I shall send you sixty dollars again. If you see a cow worth buying you may buy it provide that mother has feed enough to keep her and if she wants to sell her little coult you can buy it too, and give her the price that she would get from anybody else.","Dear I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we all are enjoying as good health as we ever did. We haven't had any snow here yet, the first snow I have seen this winter it was after we had crossed the blue ridge in coming from the valley, and it didn't stay on the ground\ntwenty four hours but we didn't have any snow here yet, on the contrary is warm enough here now, to go on our shirt sleeves, and it has been so all the time for nearly the whole of this month. But we have had right smart rain here in this month and when it wasn't rayning, it was clear and pretty weather, and warm.","We are under marching orders all the time. We are keeping a day's ration cooked ahead all the time and last night was renewed again, we were expecting to march away from here this morning but we are here yet, and it may be that we will stay here yet for weeks, and it may be that we will have to leave here in an hour from now, so that you see we don't know anything about it. It depend altogether upon the movement of the enemy. The prospects are good here for another fight, the yankees are making appearance before Fredericksburg some time but it is not known whether they are in for good or not, although the papers says that they have already crossed the river but it is northern news, and it aint so, for we haven't saw anything of them yet, but it is the general belief among the camp that they will not try to cross here anymore. The troops are removed from here little at time to other fields, and it may be that the next fight will be somewhere else.","You must send me little soap by the next chance you get, (hard soap I mean) we have to pay dollar per pound here and can't get it at that. You will please to send me little thread black and white if you please, provide you can get it. I have nothing more to tell you at present, but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Please direct to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols., care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nStonewall Paxton's Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, \nnear Fredericksburg.","Let this direction be a permanent one untill I tell you to direct your letters some where else.","Mrs Sarah A.V. Garibaldi \nBy the Politeness of Miss Georgeanne Lockheart","Camp Winder \nFebruary 26, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same blessings. As Henry Gilliland is coming home on a furlough I thought I would send you these few lines although I have written you letter by mail in the begining of this week, and send you another by Lieutenant Clark last week and send you fifty dollars . Whenever you write to me I want you to tell me whether you received it or not the last letter that I received from you was dated the 26 of January. You said that you was going to send me a comfort by somebody but I have one so you need not send it to me.","I have nothing to tell you at this time. I want you to send me some black and white thread and some red peper if you have any. The fifty dollars that I send you by Lieutenant Clark they were enclosed in a letter directed to you and in care of Lee Pursinger. I told him that if he has no time to fetch it to Pursinger himself to leave it with Gilly [J---] or with [McCordy] in Covington and to tell them to give it to Pursinger whenever they get chance. I have nothing more to tell you at present but tell you that I remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To his wife","Give my best respects to mother Sisters and brothers","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nMarch 24, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I received your letter, that you send me by Henry Gilliland, from which I understood with sorrow that Isaiah and Sala had departed from this world. I had heard that Isaiah was so sick that it was [un]likely he would recover in one of your last letters, but you thought that Sala would get\nbetter therefore I did not expect that Sala would die. I am very sorry of all that but my sorrow wouldn't prevail anything. You must try to take care of yourself and do the best you can.","I have send you twenty dollars by Mr. [Gordy] when he left here and have never heard anything of it so whenever you write you must let me know something about and also of them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark. I have received some cakes, some thread and some red pepper that you have sended me by Henry Gilliland. You said that you send me some more soap by the next chance you will get but I must tell you that I have plenty soap now and I don't want anything at present, it is likely that we shall march by and by and I want be as light as possible for I expect we shall have hard time yet before the war will be over.","Johnson Boyar send me a cake sugar by Henry Gilliland. I have not much news to tell you now. You will give my best respects to Miss Sarah Johnson and to Mr. Pursinger. You must write to me oftner if you can. I was in hope of getting a furlow but they have stopped giving them now and there is no more chance of my coming home now untill next winter unless we are all discharged and peace made before that time. I could have got one if Mr. Evans had come back as soon as his was out but he stayed about nine days after his time was out and when he came back there was no more furloes to be recommended so I was out of my furlow,\nbut I hope that we will have peace before next winter and we shall all come home and remain for good.","Give my best respects to George and tell him that he must write to me. Give my best respects to Mother and [Russia] L. also and tell them to take good care of themselves. So nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nWrite as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you use to do","Camp Winder \nMarch 29, 1863","Dear Wife: \nAs we are on the eave of a march and the commencement of the spring campaign I thought it better to write you this letter in order to let you know that I am yet in this camp and well, but every indication seems that we are on the verge of move as we had order to pack up all our extra bagages that we can not carry on our shoulder and send it away to Richmond. The days are getting long and the weather dryer and it shall soon pleasant enough to admit of active movement. I might not have time to write to you as regular as I have done, but you must write to me steadier, and not await to write to me untill you get a letter from me, but just write to me as often as it will be convenient to you. It has been long time since I haven't received a letter from you by mail, don't be too stinger in saving writing paper. This is leaving me well at present except a bad cold and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same good health that you was enjoying when I last saw you.","Although there is a heap of talk about fighting, I think that there wouldn't be as much fighting this summer as there was last summer. There may be a fight or two here and if we whip them I think they give it up provide we don't go to Maryland. But if we go there I think we shall some tall fighting to do. This winter they intended to do active operations with there navy but they have been idle all the winter. The biggest navy ever was witnessed went to threaten Charleston but having arrived to the place of operation they paused and hesitated before the harbor as if they was afraid of attacking it and they have never attacked Charleston yet, and if they don't make an attack within two or three weeks from now I doubt very much whether it ever will be attacked or not, the reason of this is that they have been whipped so often that they are afraid to be whipped again.","The furloughs have been suspended for the present and it is very likely that there will not be any more granted untill next winter, but I hope that by that time we shall have peace and that we shall all come home to stay with our families never to be divided any more unless by death.\nDear you must tell me whether you have received the money that I send you or not. I send you 50 dollars by Lieutenant Clark and when he come home on furlough, and twenty dollars by Mr. McCordy afterward of which I haven't heard anything of it. Dear, if there is anybody administering on Captain Holloway's Estate, you must give that account that I left you to Pursinger and let him make the best of it and get the money if he can.","Dear whenever I come home I will try to fetch you something but I don't know what it will be. If you want anything particular you must write to me about, and if my purse shall contain enough to buy it with I shall be happy to please you, but every thing is so high now that it almost take fortune to buy any thing. At the same time if you may make use of the money that I have send you if you see anything worth buying, and make use of it.","Give my respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson and to all the neighbors around you. To Mr. Pursinger also and keep a [illegible] for yourself, mother Russia and George if this shall come to hand before he shall have gone back to the army and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi \nStill direct you letters as you allways did. So Good by.","Camp Winder \nApril 14, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written three or four letters since Henry Gilliland come home for which I haven't yet received any answer, neither can I tell the falt that keeps me from getting letters from you. If you are out papers you will please write to me and I will send you a blank sheet every time I write. You will please to write me every week weather you get any letters from me or not, and that is the I am doing too wether I get letters or not I write every week. You will please to tell me whether you have received them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark or not and the twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. McCordy the next time you write. If I get chance I shall send you some more money during the next month.","Our wages have been increased four dollars per month and at that rate I am getting twenty one dollars per month. That is to comence the first of January, which it will make it sixteen dollars of extra wages due us by the first of May. We shall be paid off again in the begining of\nMay and there will be fifty dollars due me by that time, and if I get chance to send them to you I shall send you some money during next month, for I don't care about keeping much money with me.","Dear We have been expecting to move from here for more than a weak but we haven't moved yet and I can't tell you how long we shall remain here but I don't [think] we shall stay in this camp much longer provide the weather will keep as drie as it does now, at least that is the general opinion among private soldiers and officers. We have been preparing to move for sometime. We have send away our extra bagages for about two weaks, and only kept with us\na blanket an overcoat and a change of clothes. Whenever we shall go on a march the officers shall have to carry their knapsacks on their backs just like we common soldiers. They were drawing knapsacks from the commissary to day to put their clothes in.","Dear I have no news to tell you now of any importance. You must try to take a good care of yourself. Give my best respects to Mother and Russia and to the neighbors and keep a shear {share} for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Still direct your letters to Mr. John Garibaldi, Company C, 27th Va. \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes, Stonewall Brigade, Trimbles' Division \nNear Fredericksburg","April 30, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You will excuse the\npencil writing as I am now in place where ink is too inconvenient to be procured. We are now in the battle field where the cannons are firing over us and I expect that tomorrow we shall have a general engagement.","I received your truly welcome letter of the 19th instant from which I understood that you and mother and Russia and I was very glad to hear from you. I have no news to tell you at present only that we are in the battle field drawn up in line of battle this evening and that the cannons began to roar this evening. How we will come out I am not able to tell you, but I hope that we will be able to whip them. I shall quit writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband until death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to mother Russia Lucinda Bush Sarah Johnson to Mr. and Mrs. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends and keep a shear {share} for yourself. So good by.","May 9, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this blessed oppurtunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessing. I have written you a letter the last day of April with a pencil because I had no other way to write it and I hope that you have received it and will write to me every time you get chance.","Dear I must tell you that we have been engaged in a hot battle since I last wrote to you and with the help of God I came out safe but out of about forty of our company that went in to the fight last Sunday there was only about thirty came out safe.","Dear I must tell you that Lee A.B. Terry got wounded in wrist. There was six hundred and fifty odd killed out of our brigade and wounded. Our brigade went into battle twice, and the second time charged over the yankee brest works and ran the yankees away from there. Men fell on both side of me and if it had not been that God was with me I believe I'd fell too. I saw a man at my left hand who was shot in the face and when he fell he grabbed me by the legs and I got loose from him by jurking away from him. I expect he wanted me to help him out of the battle field but it was against my order to do it because there was men detailed for that purpose. In that fight I got me a portfolio full of writing paper and envelops which I needed badly and an oil cloth coat, our boys are now well supplied of oil cloths.","We got in the rear of the yankees saturday and we were fighting nearly all night saturday and all Sunday. We got thirty pieces of artillery. I can't tell you how many small arms but we have got any number of them. There was yankee knapsacks enough left on the ground to supply our whole army. The blankets were laying there in piles and were trampelled over by our men in the mudd. I never saw so much waste of property in my life. The enemy was laying behind their breastworks sunday morning with their\nknapsacks off and blankets and when they saw us coming they ran away leaving every thing behind them.","We are now encamped in the wood here close to Fredericksburg but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed by good many that we shall have another battle before long, but I hope that we shall have some rest now for a while for we have been laying out in battlefields and without tents for nearly ten days and during that time we haven't had a whole night of sleep and been laying all the time under arms. The enemy is now across the river and I don't know how long he shall remain there.","I have giving you some account of the sunday battle but I expect you shall have heard of it before this [letter] will come to hands and perhaps you shall have heard some fuller accounts than I have given you because them around the battle field not actually ingaged generally knows more about the battle than them that were engaged in it. If my\nhead was right for wrighting you some thing about the battle I might perhaps tell you something more but as I don't [feel] enclined on account of their being such noise in it as I heard in the battle field. But if as soon as I get chance I shall write you again and tell you something more about the battle.","Dear I must tell you that {I saw}George Poor before and after the battle and he was well and he came out safe of the battle, and he sends you all his best respects. I hadn't time to speak to him long. I saw him Friday evening before the battle and only had time to shake hands with him. Then I saw him again tuesday after the battle and hadn't time to speak to him long then as we were ordered off again immediately, but he told me he was well, and came out safe of the battle field and he sends you all his best respects. You must write to me soon and direct your letter as you did before.","Mr. John Garibaldi, care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nCompany C 27th Va. Infantry \nStonewall Brigade \nNear Fredericksburg","John R. Hepler sends you all his best respects and he is well. I shall finish off writing by giving you to mother and Russia my best repects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Fredericksburg Va. \nMay 11, 1863","Dear Wife: \nHaving somewhat leisure time to write to you this beautiful monday evening I will seat myself down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter last weak but not knowing whether you received it or not I thought I would write you this present one, as I have chance to send it to Covington by Mr. Lamby.","We have had some very hard time begining from the 29 of last month up to the about the six of May. On the 29th of last month we left our winter quarters on account of the\nenemy having crossed the Rappahannock and marched up to Hamilton's crossing about eight miles distant. There we slept two nights in a wheat field. It rained nearly all\nthe time and we were to lay out and take it. On the first of May, in the morning, having learned that the enemy, or part of it, had crossed higher up the river about thirty miles, and was marching down on the Fredericksburg plank road, aiming to flank the crest of hills surrounding Fredericksburg, our division and some other divisions with it started up the river on the plank road on which the enemy was coming down and slept that {there} on the battle field where the enemy had been repulsed by the advance of our army. The next morning we started again, and mile or two brought us up in front of the enemy. There we halted for about an hour, and afterward left the main road and took a small county road to left, we marched about twelve miles leaving the enemy at our right, and got in the rear in the evening at about two or three o'clock, where the yankees didn't expect us to attack them.","There the fighting commenced. One of our division took the front and drove the enemy for about two or three miles, drove the yankees out of their breastworks but fortunately\nfor us that them breastworks were not made to defend themselves in the rear, but they were made to defend themselves in front where the enemy expected us to attack them, they took several batteries and good many prisoners.","They made several charges on us during Saturday night but they were repulsed all the time and we took that night a whole brigade and their general prisoners. We spended\nthe whole of Saturday night drawn up in line of battle and changing positions. Sunday morning found our Brigade drawn in line of battle in as very thick bushes and small timber at the enemy's right, and at about day light, or may be little after, they commenced cannonading over our head and it looked like that they had commenced early in the morning just for a day's work, but fortunately for us that their balls [and] shells went all over our heads, and none of our Brigade got killed in that place that I have heard.","At about eight o'clock the enemy moved all his infantry forces on our right in order to overpower us and [cut] their way through us and commenced the firing of small arms, and we were then moved to the right where the enemy was presing the most, and there we were engaged twice. The first time we were engaged we lost our Brigadier General,\nand in about 15 minutes we were ordered to fall back and then we fell back behind the breastworks behind which the enemy had been dislodged by our sharpshooters about\nfifteen or twenty minutes before. And while we were thus laying behind them breastworks which were built by the enemy the night previous General Stuart rode by and our Brigade gave them three cheers, and he then told us to advance.","We then went in again and ran the enemy for about a quarter of a mile and ran them out of two lines of entrenchments, but without no little loss, we took several pieces of cannons, some prisoners and several artillery horses. Out of twenty two hundred of our Brigade there was six hundred and twelve killed and wounded, and out of about thirty five out of our company there was nine killed and wounded. Our orderly Sergeant was killed dead on the battle field. His name was William Scanlon. He was an Irishman and a good Soldier who had been through all the war of Mexico and was a very steady soldier. Another one, a little fellow who came as a substitute [illegible] by the name of John Archy was mortally wounded in the head and died two or three days after. William Evans was wounded somewhere above the knee and it is feared that he will not live. Another fellow by the name of Caleb Griffith was wounded in the nexk, but he is going about and there is no danger of him. James H. Forbes was wounded in the arm but it is thought that he will get better. Isaac Reynolds was wounded somewhere in the leg and he is going about. Lee A. B. Terry was wounded in the wrist but he will get better, and I expect that he is come home and he'll tell you the same news I do. Colonel James K. Edmondson of our regiment had his army cut off.","General T. J. Jackson died day before yesterday at about one o'clock in the afternoon. He did not die on account of his wound, he die of the newmony {pneumonia}. He was wounded early on the Saturday night the second of May, it is said by our men. When the enemy was making them charges on us he accidently or some how or other happened to be between our men and the enemy in one of them charges with several other Generals, and they rode toward our lines. At the approach of the enemy and of his musketry and our men hearing such noise through the bushes thought it was the\nenemy's cavalry and they fired into them wounding two Generals and a Colonel.","Yesterday there was an escort of honor of about two hundred and fifty detailed out of our Brigade to accompany General Jackson's corpse to Richmond and I was one among them, but before we could march down to Guinea Station about eight miles distant from our camp, the remains of our General had been removed on the Rail Road and so we were about an hour too late.","We took about ten thousand yankee prisoners, thirty pieces of Artillery and about forty thousand stands of small arms. There is no end to the knapsacks that the enemy left\nbehind him on the battle field, there was knapsacks enough I believe to supply our whole army. They principally full of crackers and they came to play pretty well with us\nas our rations ran out the day before. They had eight days of provisions with them, they had brought not much clothing with them only a change of underclothes, [and] their portofolios full of writing paper and envelops to write letters at home after the battle, and their pen and ink. All that I did get is a portfolio with paper and envelops in it, some yankee postage stamps, some crackers, a pair of clean new drawers, some ink and an oil cloth coat. Our men have now plenty of oil clothes, and fear rain no more. After our men had done picked up all the oil clothes and blankets and overcoats there was any quantity still left on the ground tramped in the mud.","Our whole loss was estimated at eight thousand. The battle is now over for the present and we are now encamped stationary for a while resting but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed that the enemy will try some where else before long and if he did seek refuge across the Rappahannock, it is believed he will make his\nappearance again as balloon has been seen now for two days in succession, viewing this side of the river.","Mr. Lamby is here now and he is now going to start so I will finish my writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death, John\nGaribaldi.","Give my best respects to elder Lee Pursinger and you might let him read this letter just for information sake. Enclosed you will find two or three yankee postage stamps just for you keepsake.","Write to me as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you did before. I saw George Poor after the fight and he wasn't hurt but I hadn't time to speak to him long. He sends you all his best respects. So Good by.","Camp Near Hamilton Station. \nMay 28, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you three\nletters since the late battle and this makes the fourth for which I haven't yet received any answer. I am awayting for an answer from you almost every day but that answer never came yet. You must write to me often if you are able if it is twice a weak.","We are now encamped here behind Fredericksburg and have been here since the battle but don't know how long we shall yet remain here but I don't think we shall remain here long, for I have heard that Longstreet's forces have had orders to cook three days rations and be ready to march in a moment's warning.","I am sending you this letter by hand as Mr. Raynolds is here now from Alleghany and he is going to start back\ntomorrow. I will give it to him, and I think he is the shorest mail yet. I have no news to write to you at present. You will direct your letter to John Garibaldi\nCo. C., 27th Regt. Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Johnson's Divison.","Just after I had sealed up my letter Mr. Pursinger arrived here just from Alleghany and I thought I would send you this letter by him and twenty five dollars with it. I shall send also by him two neck comforts. Write to me\nsoon and don't wait for letters untill you write because the letters don't come safe. I wrote to you three letters\nhere lately, send them by mail and you haven't received any.","John Hepler is well. Thomas Arrington is well also and he is with the company doing duty. They both send their best respects to you. Give my best respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson. I received the letter that you sended me by Mr. Pursinger and was glad to learn that you mother and Russia was well. Give them my best respects and keep a good share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs Sarah A.V.P. Garibaldi.","Camp Paxton. \nJune 3, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We have received marching orders today and don't know when I will get chance to write you another. We just cooked three days rations and put them in the haversacks and we are now ready to march at a moments warning. It may be that we'll start this evening, or tonight or wait till tomorrow morning but that we are going to commence an active campaign. It is the belief of every body in the army, and it may be that we will take another trip into Maryland before the summer shall end.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time. I wrote to you by Lee Pursinger and sended you twenty five dollars, and told you all the news I knew. I send home also a dozen of yankee envelops with stamps on it and two comforts which I had [no] use of them with me. You will please to send me little soap next chance you get as we can't get any of it here of any amount. You will please to write to me oftner than you do and direct your letter as you always did. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and also to Mother and Sister Russia and to all my enquiring friends and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","to Sarah Garibaldi","Camp Stephenson, Frederick County, Va. \nJune 16, 1863","I take this blessed opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I will tell you know that I survived another storm and that it pleased God to let me come out unhurt from the battle field. We have now here in the valley about forty thousand men, the corps of Lieutenant General Ewell, and what is the object for taking us here I am not able to tell you. I know that it wasn't necessary to take opposite of forty thousand men here to whip and take seven or eight thousand yankees.","We arrived here in the valley and in the vicinity of Winchester last Saturday and surrounded the town. General Rode's Division went down to Martinsburg to cut off their reinforcement who, upon being attacked by the yankee reinforcement whipped them back and captured all their\nordnance train. Sunday morning we drew closer around Winchester, that is our Division and Early's Division, and toward Sunday evening got our artillery in position and began to bombard their fortifications, but too well fortified to charge on their fortifications but we could have taken them with a heavy loss, so the commander of our corps General Ewell left a gap open thinking that they will try to get out during the night and thus make its escape, and he fell on the right plan. During Sunday night the yankee General spiked all its artillery and left every thing behind them and before they got about four miles from town they were headed our division and they had to fight us on open ground.","The battle commenced before it was clear day and lasted about an hour an half. As the enemy had left all their artillery behind them they had none to fight us with but small arms. They tryed to charge on our battery three times and repulsed each time. Then they commenced retreating and we followed, and they surrendered, five yankee regiments gave to our our brigade and surrendered. They staked arms for us, hung their accoutrements and gave themselves up to us as prisoners of war. Our brigade alone took six of their flag.","There was but few killed and wounded out of our Brigade and them were out skirmishing. None of our company got hurt. Henry Gilliland requested to tell you to tell his family that he is alright, and that he would write in a few days. John R. Hepler also requested me to tell you to\nlet Barny Johnson know that he is well and that he would write to them in a few days. This was the cheapest victory ever was achieved yet without the loss of so many lives.","We feel very much tired out marching from around Fredericksburg to this place, and we are now under marching orders again. We cooked three days rations, and filled up our haversacks with it and we are to be ready to march by eleven o'clock.","I haven't much more to tell you at this time, only that I want you to write to me oftner than you do. Give my best respects to Lee Pursinger and family, to Barny Johnson and family and to Sarah Johnson and family and keep a portion for you, for mother and Sister Russia and Remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nDirect Your letters to Winchester, Frederick County, Va. \nCo. C. 27th Va. Regt Vols, \nStonewall Brigade \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes.","Washington County Maryland. July 10, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this present opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am yet alive, but my health is not very good though I am yet doing duty. I haven't received a letter from you since the seventeenth of May last nor I haven't heard any thing about you. You must write often at least once a week. I haven't written to you now for some time because I hadn't chance but when I had I send you a letter every week.","We crossed the Potomac river on the 18 of June. We have been up nearly to Harrisburg the capitol of Pennsylvania. We then came back and met the enemy at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and fought for three days. We whipt him badly the first day, and it then fell back, took up a strong position and threw entrenchments and repulsed us. We then fell back ourselves and took up a position but the enemy refused to attack us. After staying there a day without being attacked we fell back across the mountains where we are now about thirteen miles from the Potomac.","The river is completely swelled by the heavy rains so that we can't ford it for a week and it is believed that before we will cross the river the enemy will come and attack us and that it will be a very big battle. We have about fifteen thousand yankee prisoners that belongs to our corps besides them of Longstreet, and A.P. Hill's corps to fetch to Virginia. Our loss is pretty heavy. There was thirteen out of our company killed and wounded. Henry Gilliland was killed dead on the field. William Lawson was killed, David and Lee Gilbert were badly wounded, John Hepler was slightly wounded and the Captain and Lieutenant Clark.","I haven't time to write any more because that man is going to start out so nothing more at present but to reamin your affectionate husband untill Death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County, Va. \nJuly 19, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received yours of the 15 of June last few days ago from which I understood with gladness that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","You are complaining in your last letter that I don't write to you but that aint so for when I am in camp I write to you at least every weak. Two or three weeks have passed without writing to you but we were constantly marching in Pennsylvania and Maryland and the mail was right smartly interrupted so that we could neither receive nor send a letter. The last letter I wrote to you was written with the pencil, and it was whilst I was in Maryland.","I saw brother Geroge there and he told me that he had came out of the fight safe and that he was well. He asked me when I had heard from you all, and whether you was [well], and sends his best love to you all. You must try to write me oftner if you can.","I could write to you, now, something about the time we have had in Maryland and Pennsylvania but I think it almost unnecessary as I expect you have heard all about it\nbefore this time. The people of Pennsylvania treated us very kindly but I think it was only from their teeth out. When we went to their houses they gave us plenty to eat of every thing they had. They are living in a very flourishing countries, plenty of good wheat, plenty of the best meadows I ever saw in my life. The generality of the people haven't got more than eighty acres of land and they have it in highest state of cultivation and living like princes almost. They seem to be very much unconcerned\nabout the war, very seldom they see a soldier, and they hardly know what war is, but if the war was to be carried on there as long as it was carried on in Virginia they would learn the effects of it, and perhaps would soon be willing to make peace like we are.","Thomas Arrington sends you all his best respects and he is well. Henry Gilliland was killed in the Gettysburg fight. I shall finish writing by giving you, to Russia and mother\nmy best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill Death, John Garibaldi.","Camp Stone Brigade \nAugust 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received your kind and affectionate letters yesterday evening dated July the 11 and 23 which afforded great deal of satisfaction in learning that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter about four or five days ago, which I do not know whether you have or will receive it or not. We don't get half the mail that is send to us. When ever there too much of mail and too troublesome to be distribute it they just destroy it, especially when on a march. So it is very uncertainly, when you write to me, whether I will get the letter or not. The only thing is to keep writing and among so much perhaps we will get hear from each other sometime.","I have no news of any importance to write you at present. We have been encamped for three or four days on the plank road near Orange Court House but I don't know how long we shall remain here. The last camp we left, we started from it at about sundown and marched and marched about nine miles before we stopped, that was the same day that I wrote to you. We started again in the next morning at half after six and came here in the evening. We don't know when shall leave here but we may go at any time.","It is the general belief that the war will be over by next spring and that we shall all come home. I wish I was at home now and be with you for I am getting tire of this war and would like to come home to see you. The weather is very hot here now. I wish I was at home to thrash my wheat but as I can't come you all must try to get it thrashed the best way you can, but I don't expect there will be much to thrash as they all complain that it is all to thin on the ground and I expect that mine is the same way.","Give my best respects to mother and Sister Russia and tell her that I am sorry to hear that she was sick for wanting of a beau, but tell her that she must be patient. Give my respects also to Sarah Johnson, to Mr. Pursinger, to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 14, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written\nto you three or four letters since we crossed the Potomac for which I haven't yet received any answer, only them two that I got from John Tingler and they were no answer to the ones I wrote to you.","We are now encamped about two miles and a half from Orange Courthouse on the plank road, and have been resting for a while , haven't nothing to do yet since we have been\nhere except guard and picket duty and it may be that we will remain here for several weaks yet. There is the best season here we have had for some time. It rains two or\nthree times a weak, and the corn looks better about here now than any corn I have yet seen. We pay one dollar dozen for roasting ears but they are pretty big ones. We received pay for two months three or four days ago, and we will draw two more months in the begining of September.","You will please to send me some socks for the next winter, a pair of woolen gloves and some soap. We have to pay three dollars per pound for soap now. I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are all well, but we don't quite get anything to eat, we sometime buy extra flour and pay at the rate of sixty dollars per barrel. I wish I was at home to sow some more wheat this fall, you must tell me how many bushels of wheat you threshed out of them five bushels that I sowed last fall and how many bushels it took to make a bushel. I have nothing more to tell you at this time only to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letters as follow \nMr. John Garibaldi \nCo. C. 27th Regt Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Second army corps, Army of Northern Virginia.","Camp Stonewall Brigade","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myslef down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying Do.","At this time I have no news of any importance to tell you only that we have hard times and wars coming. Some thinks that we'll have peace before long, but I don't look for any peace during Lincoln administration and, if at the end of his term another president is elected belonging to the same party or he is reelected himself we may look for another four years of war.","I just received your letter of the 31 of July last from which I understand with great pleasure that you and the family was all well. They are commencing to grant furloughs now but they are granting so few that my chance is very poor for that. I hate to apply for one and besides there is some here that they have never been at home since the commencement of the war and I think them are more entitle to a furlough than I am and they will be the first ones to get it, but I am pretty shure that I will get one next winter. At this time they are only granting furloughs to two men out of every hundred, and when these two men will come back there will be but one going home out of the same number. The length of the furlough is only fifteen days. There is one out of our company going home this time. His name is Charles Gilliland and lives with\nMajor Haynes. By next winter the furloughs will be more numerous and of longer time and then, perhaps, I will get chance to come home myself and I have no doubt I will come home sometime next winter.","Thomas Arrington sends his best respects to you and so does the Gilberts. John Hepler was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg and we haven't seen him since. We are looking for him almost every day but he hasn't come yet. It is not known where he is, some says that he never crossed the river and that in Yankeedom yet but now don't know exactly where he is. He was slightly wounded in the arm, and he came from Gettysburg to the banks of the Potomac a distance of about fifty miles by himself and we surely thought he had crossed the river but since that time we heard that he never did.","I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are camping here about Orange Court House and have been here for about three weeks and likely we will stay here good while longer yet and resting pretty well. There is no prospect of any fighting now, and some thinks that we will have no more fighting here or at least no big fighting and I don't think we will much more fighting here neither except we might have another big fight here and that it will be about the last. Some thinks that there is an armistice now, but unknown to us. I would be glad if this\nwar was to stop so that we might all come and mind our business at home. I think if fighting will setlle this matter there has been fighting enough now, and if fighting wouldn't settle it, there is no use of any more bloodshed, for it is the general belief among the soldiers and in foreign countries that fighting can't settle it.","We have preaching here every day and three times on holy days. Yesterday was a feast day by the command of President Davis and there was a great many assembled around the altar for the purpose of worshipping God, and pray for peace, and there was good many ladies came to our camp to preaching from the neighborhood around here.","We have to pay thirty five cents pound for flour here now, one dollar dozen for ginger cakes and very small at that, dollar a piece for pies, dollar a dozen for apples, dollar a dozen for roasting ears, four dollars per pound for soap. The corn crop here looks very promising, the corn about here is of the best I ever saw and there has been rain enough during this summer about here to keep every thing from suffering. The people about here are just now beginning to plow for wheat, and I begin to think that I ought be at home to plant some myself, but I am afraid there will be no plowing done by me this fall.","Give my best respects to Mr. Lee Pursinger and to all the neighbors around you, to mother and Russia and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband till death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me and direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi, Co. C., 27th Regt. Va. Vols., Stonewall Brigade, Second Army Corps, ANV.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 27th, 1863","Dear Wife \nI wrote you a letter last week but not seeing any answer for it I thought I would write you this present one that you may know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. It was just yesterday that I saw an extract from a Northern paper in the dayly Richmond Sentinel in which John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence were reported as prisoners of war at Fort Delaware. Hepler and Reynolds were both slightly wounded. David Pence never was in the engagement and he must have been picked up straggling out by the yankee cavalry. We all thought that Hepler and Reynolds were both at home untill yesterday evening, when we saw it in the Sentinel.","I haven't much news to tell you only that we are all well in the company. George Tingler was sick for two or three days but he is now getting better. You may look for me at\nhome next winter on furlough. I think I stand a pretty good chance to come next winter. I hope that the war will be over next summer and we will all come home for good.","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and for Mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill\ndeath. \nJohn Garibaldi \nTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nSo good by for this time","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 3, 1863","Dear Wife I received your letter of the 8 of August last from which I understood with great pleasure that you and the rest of the family were all well, but sorrow to hear that you had been sick. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are laying here in camp yet doing nothing but guard duty. All the boys are well in general. Thomas M. Arrington's\n[leg] is breaking out again the same one that he got hurt last fall coming home on the cars. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast, and he never spoke a word after he was\nshot, he fell forward and died in an instant. He got killed early in the morning in the first charge, he was left in the field unburied because the yankees fell in possession of the battlefield on the left in which we were fighting. But of course he was burried by the yankees, as it is the rule that the party that falls in possession of the battle field burries the dead.","John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds, and David Pence are prisoners at Fort Delaware. John R. Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded and they were taken\nby the yankee in a raid made on our wagon as they were crossing the south mountain in Pennsylvania coming from Gettysburg. Lee Gilbert is dead, he died in two or three days after he got wounded and David Gilbert got well. The last time we heard from there he was walking about. James A. Rawlins our regimental hospital steward who stayed\nbehind in Pennsylvania with doctor Sayers to take care of our wounded, just lately came through the lines under flag of truce brought the above news about the Gilberts.","You seems to be anxious about my coming home on furlough but there is no chance for me at present. I would like to come home myself but I don't think I'll get chance to come\ntill next winter unless they get to grant the furloughs more numerous than they do now. I think you may look for me next winter.","I saw Brother George about a month ago and he was well at that time. I don't know where he is now, because he was marching at the time I saw him nor does he know where I am now because we have moved the camp since, and I can't get out here to go and hunt for him, for I may have to hunt for several days before I'll find him, and I can't get a pass for that long time to get out of the camp. He told me that he is hardly ever sick and that he enjoys his health in the army as well as when he was out of the army and that he thought he wasn't made to be killed or die in the army. But I will try get a pass for twenty four hours as soon as I can and look for him and will tell him to write\nhome.","You will please tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is with his regiment and he is well. He has been seen by George Gilbert about nine or ten days ago, and by Arrington about two or three days ago, and he was well at that time and with his company. I would go over and see him myself, but they are so strict on us that we can't\nget out of the camp without a pass from our Major General and they wouldn't grant but one pass a day out of each company.","I expect there is soldiers at home all the time on furlough, but there is no soldiers at\nhome now in Alleghany from this army except they have been wounded and unable for duty except one from our company, whose name is Charles Gilliland and lives with Major Haynes and three or four of the Alleghany roughs, who received a furlough for fifteen days. And if there is any others at home besides them that I mentioned they are\nat home on French furlough, that is I am now speaking about this army, but from the army of North Western Virginia they can come home almost any time as they are\nallways in camp and close enough home to go and back in days and they generally keep at a pretty good distance from the enemy, therefore they can come home almost\nas often as they please, because their presence in the army is not so strictly required. But here in this army we have too much fighting and marching to do to be absent from our command and we are therefore kept under strict discipline.","I will finish writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nGive my best respects to Mother and Russia and to all the neighbors. So good by.","Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 25, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of September 11th came to hands last night which afforded untold pleasure in hearing that you and mother and Russia was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You told me in your letter that you hadn't received a letter for almost five weeks but that is the postmaster's falt for I haven't let a week pass without writing to you. I haven't received a letter from you for almost four or five weeks neither except the one I received last night.","We have had no peace for a good while. We have been marching about for opposite of ten days. The enemy is in our front and we look for a battle soon. We have been throwing up breastworks a whole night, but I don't expect that it will do us much good for the yankees never did attack us in our fortifications yet. Whenever we fortify in one place they go and attack us in another, in fact they are too smart to attack us wherever we are fortified for they can't whip us out of our fortifications let alone in the fortifications.","I think I will come home next winter on furlough perhaps fifteen days. I don't think there will be any furloughs granted for any longer time than that. I know I am entitled to a furlough next winter, whether I'll get it or not I am not able to tell lyou, but I think I will get one. I would like to come home and see you all but there is no chance at present for me. I saw Geroge several\ntimes and not later than last week and he was well.","I suppose that you would like to know what became of Lee and David Gilbert. Lee is dead from a wound received at Gettysburg. He didn't live but two or three days after he was wounded. David was wounded also in the same battle but he is well now and he is prisoner of war in the North, and he may be exchanged before long. John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence are at Fort Delaware. John Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded, but I expect they are both well by this time. We did not know what had become of David Pence at first till here about a month ago, when we saw his name on the paper, saying that he was at Fort Delaware prisoner. He got lost from us the night before the battle and therefore he wasn't engaged. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast and died instantly. His body was left on the battle field in the hands of the enemy, and to be burried by the enemy.","The health of our men here now is most excellent, we scarcely hear of any sickness at all. I weigh now one hundred and forty seven pounds, and I never did weigh more than a hundred and forty nine in my life. We are getting very scanty rations too. The weather here now is very\ngood. I suppose you have heard of the battles they have had in tennessee where our men whipped the yankees and took about seventy pieces of artillery, and about then thousand prisoners.","I wish this war was over for I am getting tire of soldiering but I don't see any prospect of peace till Lincoln administration lasts and he has yet more than a year to administer the Federal Government, and it lays in his power either to make peace or carry on the war. My time of enlistment will be out next Spring, but I expect to soldier untill the land is blessed with peace, and every body else may as well conclude to do the same or be considered as deserters, for the man that will not be willing to soldier he'll be forced into it. Neither do I expect that anybody will be exempted from the service because he put in substitutes for I believe that they will take in substitutes and all next spring.","I am sorry to hear that Micahel Aritt was taken prisoner for I believe he was trying to soldier as well as he could, although contrary to the will of his father and mother, but he, though against the will of his mother, is not a bushwacker like good many others, and answers to his country's call. I believe that if all of these bushwhackers and deserters would come in to the army we\ncould whip the yankees [thoroughly] and have peace by next winter. For such people as bushwhackers I have no good feeling. I don't care if they were all drowned although they be my best friend and brothers, because I believe they are reason why this war goes on so long.","Thomas M. Arrington and James C. Gilbert are both well, and send their compliments to you all. I shall bring my letter to a close by giving you and mother and Russia my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.","Stonewall Brigade, twenty miles below Orange Court House \nOctober 6, 1863","Dear Wife \nThough I wrote to you a letter about ten days ago for which I haven't yet received any answer, I will write you another one, and thinking that my letter never came to hands perhaps this will, for I think that not one third of my letters never reach their destiny, because I get just about one letter from you for every three I write to you.","Yours of September the 11 came to hands on the 24 and had just written you day before, and I thought I would wait till I got an answer for the one I had written, but having wayted for nearly two weeks for an answer from you and never seeing any coming I thought I would write to you\nthis present one that you may know that I am well, hoping that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying all the health that you may desire, together with Mother and Sister Russia.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are under marching orders, and yesterday evening we had to cook our two days ration and pack up our knap sacks and ready to march at a moment's warning, but we have had such marching orders good many times before since we came across the mountain and never march afterward, so that we don't think that we will march this time. There is the Rapidan River between us and the enemy, a stream not any larger than Pots Creek in some places only it is deeper. We are in sight of each other. There is only about two hundred distance between the pickets and right in sight of each other but they never shoot at each other, but they talk with each other and sometime they exchange papers.","It is supposed that the yankees are taring up the rail road and burning the ties as we could hear all last night a continual jingle of rail road iron, and could see fires all along the rail road and we saw with a glass yesterday, a train of wagons moving entirely from us. There is\ncertainly some movement on hands among them, and if it is so that they are destroying the rail road, they intend to give up these countries, because if they intended stay here they wouldn't certainly be destroying the railroad so necessary for the subsistance of their army.","We saw an extract in our paper taken from some of the Northern papers, which said that the army of the Potomac has told for its self and that there wouldn't be no more fighting on the Potomac, except may be some skirmishing, or cavalry fighting. They reinforcing the South Western army and if they subjugate the South it will be from the South West, they have already found out that they can't whip the South by coming in this way.","I hope that twelve months from now will bring peace. Tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is well and with his regiment. I think I will get a furlough next winter and come home for a while. You must send me some socks, a pair of woolen gloves, some red pepper if you can by the first opportunity offered. If you can buy me three or four good pair of woolen socks, and a pair of woolen gloves for next Winter and send them to me by as soon as you can I will\nbe very much obliged to you, for we can't draw nothing here except cotton socks.","Give my best respects to Lee A.B. Terry, to Mr. Pursinger, and to all the enquiring friends and keep a share for your self and mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","You must write to me soon and pay for the letters that you write for we don't get any letters unless they are paid for.","Give Mrs. Sara Johnson my best respects. There is some talk about our regiment coming to Western Virginia under General Echols but I don't know how true this is nor when it will be, and perhaps never.","Camp Near Coul Pepper [Culpeper] Courthouse \nOctober 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the six instant came to hands day before yesterday which gave great deal of satisfaction to learn that you and the family were both well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health.","I saw George yesterday and I see him very often, he is as well as he could be expected. As Mr. Lamby is here now and got chance to send this letter by hand, I thought I would\nwrite to you this present letter and enclose twenty dollars, which you will receive and spend them as you need them. We have got payed off this morning and got thirty four dollars for two months that is for July and August. We shall soon have another pay day for September and October and in that pay we will get our clothing money. I expect I will get opposite of one hundred dollars and will try to send you some of it the next chance I get.","There is some talk of our regiment coming to Western Virginia as soon as we'll get settled here for the Winter. We have been on a march for twelve days, and we expected\nto have a fight with the yankees but they didn't stand their own ground when they heard that we were coming, they ran away during the night. We left our old camp on the other side of the Rapidan River on the eight of this month and in three days march got to Coulpepper [Culpeper] Courthouse where the yankees had fixed themsleves nice\ncomfortable winter quarters, and stopped about five miles from the place to cook rations and be ready for the fight the next day, but the enemy having heard of it made\nhis escape at two o'clock in the morning. They even didn't have time to gather up their blankets and shoes but they were rushed out and crossed the Rappahannock River that\nnight. We took after them the next day and after two day's march overtook them again at this side Manassas Junction late in evening.","General A.P. Hill cut off their line of march in two in that case. We lost about one hundred and fifty killed and wounded but it was through bad management of General\nHeath or Hill that we lost so many killed. One North Carolina Brigade did pretty much all the fighting and they were badly whipped just for not having any support close at hand. The yankees had three Brigades engaged and about twenty cannons and we only one brigade and six pieces of cannons, but after reinforcement came up we took possession of the road they were marching on and cut off good many, but being nearly night and not having time to fight them, they got away and made their escape. We were all disapointed because we expected the yanks would make a stand some where but they kept going and when we'd catch up with them in evening they would get away during the night and have two or three hours os start on us, they done that twice, the cavalry done all the fighting in this trip.","We have got about two or three thousand prisoners on this trip principally stragglers who couldn't keep up and the balance cavalry. We are now returned on this side of the\nRappahannock, after having broken up all the rail road from Manassas to the Rappahannock and burned all the ties, we expect to go now in a regular camp, where we may remain till next Spring unmolested. The yankees have been whipped often enough here in Virginia to come here again to fight us, it is believed by northern editors that the army of the Potomac has fought her last battle, and that it is useless to fight any longer here in Virginia so that the war will be removed from here to Tennessee and Kintucky and we shall have some fine time here. They have lately been whipped in Tennessee also and I believe that before twelve months these hostilities shall cease and they will let us depart in peace. It is said that Generals Heath and A.P. Hill are both under arrest for having thus managed the fight willfully bad. If the thing had went on right, we could have got a big fight out of them, whipped them bad and got nearly all their wagons and commissaries and a large quantity of prisoners, because their army is\nnow composed almost all of substitutes and conscripts and they don't care whether they fight or not, because they were forced in to it.","I shall finish writing by giving you my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best Respects to Miss Russia and Mother to Mrs. Sarah Johnson to Mr. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends. Enclosed you will find twenty dollars. Excuse\nmy bad writing because I wrote in the hurry because Mr. Lamby might start before I get letter written.","Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 1, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at present and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We are now and have been drawn up in line of battle for several days and a battle is looked for any time. Our Division had a fight day before yesterday in which we lost\nabout four hundred killed wounded and missing and I had the luck of coming out safe. I haven't time to give you much news at present as we are drawn up in line of battle\nthrowing up breastworks and expecting an attack at any time so I shall close up my letter by giving you and the family my best respects and will reamin your affectionate\nhusband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","George Gilbert got wounded day before yesterday on his league [leg] but there was no bone broken in his leg. He was the only one hurt in our company. You will excuse the\npencil writing because I could get no ink to write with here. Write to me as soon as you get this and let me know how you are getting along.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful Sabath morning in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they\nmay find you enjoying the same blessings. I have no particular news to tell you at this time. We are laying in camp here about seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse where we expect to stay for the winter provide the yankees don't make no new movements. They were offered battle about two\nweeks ago but they began to run so fast that we couldn't hardly keep up to them and when we did overtook them it was late in the evening and they got away during the\nnight, so we don't expect that we'll have any more fighting in the part of the army till next spring.","I hope that I will get a furlough sometime next winter but I am not certain of it. There is good many ahead of me and they will certainly get a furlough before I will but I think that the furloughs will be granted more numerous, and thus I will be able to get one myself.","Tell George Kemper that Billy Kemper is not now with his regiment, he was send away from here sometime in September, he has received a sick furlough home and has never returned yet. Tell him that when he writes to him just to direct his letters thus, Mr. William P. Kemper, Co. C, 42 Reg. Va. Vols, Johnson's Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. I allways thought that Mr. Kemper was with his regiment untill the other day when I went to look for him. I don't know him when I see him.","I send you twenty dollars in the last letter that I send you and when you write to me I want you to tell me whether you have received or not. The letter was directed to you and in the care of Mr. Lee Pursinger and sended it by Mr. Lamby and as the gentlemen has been to Alleghany and back again here now I will send you this present one the same\nway and by the same gentleman. You must write to me soon and tell me how you are getting along.","We will soon have another payday and will send you some more money. I can't send anything except money, there is nothing that I can buy to send you, except to send you\nlittle money every once an while. You must try to get along the best way I can. Give my best repects to Mother and Sister Russia, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, to Mr. and Mrs.\nPursinger and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Orange Court House \nNovember 15, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the 25 of the last month came to hands three or four days ago from which I derived the welcomed information that you and the family and neighbors in general were all enjoying the same state of health in which I have always wished you all remain. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you all enjoying the same.","You haven't wrote to me about them twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. Lamby but I supposed that when you wrote to me this letter you hadn't yet received them, but I hope that you have got them before this time and when you will write to me you will tell me whether you have receive them or not. Besides the money I have sended you two religious newspapers in which you will find a heap of good reading and no doubt you will pass off a good deal of your lonesome time and profit you very much.","I have no news to write to you at this time. We have had severall movements but no fighting of any consequence yet. We are now again camped this side of the Rapidan. The yankees make good many demonstrations but I don't think they have intention to fight, they only want make us believe that they are going to fight us in order to keep us from reinforcing General Bragg. It is the general belief that there will be no more fight here till next spring.","We get very scanty rations now. Since I commenced writing this letter we had orders to cook two days rations and be ready to march at moments warning. There was a heavy\ncannonading down the Rapidan this morning and it may be that we will have a general engagement soon. We have just now receive orders to move at once. So nothing more at present but to Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that yours of the 9th instant came duly to hands last night which afforded me great deal of satisfaction in hearing that you was well with the balance of the family. I don't feel very well today but am still doing duty and I don't think it will amount to very much, and will soon get better, for it is nothing but head ache and pains about my back. But I hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying better health than I do at present.","Dear I must tell you that I have no news of any importance to write to you at present, they keep us moving about right smart, for we hardly stay two or three days stationary at place before we move again, but it looks very much that there will not be no more fighting in this part of the country till next spring. Whenever you write to me you must tell me all that you know about the yankees, for I understood that they have been again in Alleghany. I am very sorry that you couldn't get any wheat sowed, and I wish that I was at home to sow some for you but I am afraid that it will be some time yet, before I'll\nget chance to come home. I hope though that I will get chance to come home next winter.","I must tell now that there was sent here from Staunton a whole lot of clothes especially for the brigade, and that we all had chance to draw anything we want in the way of\nshoes, drawers, shirts, pants, and jackets. I drew a very good jacket and pants and shirts and drawer, this was far the best clothing for winter we drew for long time so that\nwe are all of this brigade supplied of good warm clothing. I shall quit writing for this time by giving you my best respects and also to mother and Russia and will remain\nyour affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Dear I must tell you that Thomas W. Rose is sick and was send away to the hospital about two weeks ago. I haven't seen George for sometime now. If you have any chance\nyou can let Thomas W. Rose people know that he is not now with the company and that they not send letters here to him for Captain Clark has three or four of his letters and\ndon't know what hospital to send them. We have had no snow here yet it is raining here today. We have had some very warm days for this [time] of the year.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 5, 1863","Dear Wife \nI have written you a letter a few days ago but not having wrote to you all that I should have written I come to write to you this present one in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same sort of blessings.","When I wrote to you the last time I should have told you that George Poor got wounded in the shoulder on the 27 of November last by a minie ball. It was a bad wound but not\nmortal. I just now found it out and did not know anything about his being wounded, a man in our company just went over today to George's company to see some of his\nrelations, and brought me the news when he came back that George was wounded. He is now in some hospital but don't know where and will write to you where he is as soon\nas I find it out, but it may be some time before I do find out where he is.","I have no news to tell you at this time only that we are laying still in camp. All the Yankees went back across the river without much fighting. They found out that they\ncouldn't whip us and they went back over the river. It may be that they will not come back any more untill next spring provide the winter sets in soon but if the weather\nremains good.","George Tingler is sick, took sick last night just like he did last fall with a pain on his left side. The doctor applied a muster plaster to it and the pain disappeared but he is not well yet although he is a heap better than he was last night. Thomas W. Rose is sick in General Hospital number 2 Lynchburg, Virginia.","If you get chance to send me anything you will please to send me one of the comforts that I send home last spring but if the winter be about over before you get chance to\nsend it you need not mind it but you can send me some socks any time you get chance because I haven't a pair to my foot now and there is no chance to draw any from the\ngovernment. As it is getting dark and haven't time to write any more I shall wind up my letter by giving my best respects onto all the family and neighbors and will remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and Terry.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 16, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with great pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful day to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written you several letters for which I have not yet received any answer. I hope that you will not put it off writing when you get this letter.","I have no news to tell you of any importance at this time only that we are laying still in camp doing nothing. I suppose you have heard that George Gilbert was wounded in the battle of Germana Ford on the 27 of November last in one of his legs only a flesh wound but it was a pretty bad one. I have written you in one of my previous letters that George Poor was wounded on the same day pretty bad but not mortally. They were both send out to the hospital but don't know where. George Tingler is getting better and he is now near just about as well as ever. Thomas W. Rose was send to the hospital sick little better than a month ago and he is in Lynchburg, Virginia General hospital number two.","You will please to try to get me some socks, some red pepper, some soap and send them to me by the next opportunity offered. You will please to send me also one of them comforts that I send home last Spring by Lee Persinger and my Catholic prayer book as soon as you can. We will draw our pay in two or three weeks from now and will send you some money by the next chance I'll get.","I do not know what time I will get chance to come home this winter there is good many before me to get furloughs yet and they are letting might few to go home at time now\nonly one out every fifty is allowed to go home at time but I hope that after while they will grant them more numerous and will then have chance myself to get one.","I will finish my letter by giving you mother and Sister my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Lee Persinger and Terry and to all the neibors. So good by.","Camp 27th Va Regiment Near Orange Court House \nJanuary 9, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 4 instant came duly at hands last night which afforded great deel of pleasure in hearing that you and the family were all well. This leaves me well at present\nand hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. Dear I have no news of any importance to tell you at present, only that we are all in pretty comfortable winter quarters and doing nothing but guard, and picket duty. Our ration of meat has been reduced to a quarter of a pound of bacon per day, or three quarters of a pound of beef, but they are giving us lard in place of it. Besides we draw sugar, rice, coffee, and dried fruit pretty often. Our flour rations is eighteen ounces per day yet, and very likely to be so for the winter. Myself and Mr. Gibson have a shanty of our own that we built, and sleep together. He is cooking for the preacher, the doctor, the adjutant, and the Regimental stewart, and they are paying him extra wages, and we get plenty to eat.","I don't want you to send me anything by mail except letters, for it is so uncertain, if you want send me anything send it to me by hands or don't send it at all and I'll try to do without it, rather than to [lose, have]. I am entirely bare footed but I think I'll get shoes today or tomorrow, but as for socks there [none] to be drawn and haven't had a pair on me for two months. The winter is going along pretty well and after while it will be warm enough to go without socks, I hope, but if I had couple pairs now, and one of my comforts, I would be very glad. Whenever you get chance, to send it by hands, I want\nyou to send me my Catholic prayer book, a pair of socks or two provide you can get them, and my comfort.","I wish I could come home on a furlough but I expect it will be way late in the winter or Spring before I'll get one, but my turn will come sometime, and you may look for me at home sometime this winter or next Spring. I would like to know how you all are getting along for something to eat, you all have no chance to make money to buy flour because it is so high, and there is nobody at home, to do any thing for you all so that I am afraid that either you are, or will have to suffer. I can not help you much, because my wages are only seventeen dollars per month. However there is about one hundred dollars coming to me next pay day, which is now due, of which I shall try to send you fifty, next opportunity I'll meet. You must try to get along the best way you can, for I cannot help you much and I'll come home as soon as I can.","Next Spring my term of service of three years will be over, but I expect that we will, all, have to stay in, for during the war, and there will be no men discharged from the service at all, except them unfit for duty, but if they, next Spring, give us chance to reinlist and join any command we please, I have concluded to come West. It seems to me that the war is going to be a long one.","The weather is very fine here today, we haven't had but two little snows, it snowed night before last about two inches deept but it is going away very fast. The ground is frost here very deep. You must give my best respects to George [Roore], George Gilbert, Thomas W. Rose, Lee H. B. Terry, to Mother, Sister Russia, to all the neighbors and\nkeep a share for yourself, and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill Death \nJohn Garibaldi","Mr. Gibson sends you his best respects and he is [well]. Mr Arington sends you his best repsects and he is well also, the boys are generally well. There is but very little sickness in the army. \nSo good by \nMr. Gibson sends you a tract for you read.","Camp Stonewall \nMarch 8, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this morning to let you know that I arrived here last friday night safe at camp. Our brigade had been on picket for about thirteen\ndays on account of them yankee raids in our rear and the balance of our division been out on a march toward Chancellorsville, they came to camp again last sunday and they relieved us yesterday. All our troops have returned to camp and settled down again, it was nothing but a yankee raid trying to take Richmond and burn it relieve the yankee prisoners and hang Jeferson Davis, but they failed in all that. General Dalgreen was killed and his party dispersed. General Killpatrick made his escape in Butler's line. He was in full command of the Yankee raiding cavalry.","Mr. Gibson started out on his furlough yesterday morning and he will get home tonight. I am now cooking in his place for the doctor and the preacher untill he'll come back. I am sorry to tell you that Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack at Millboro with everything that he had in it my things and his things both, he said he laid his knapsack on his boxes on the platform and hadn't left it no more than ten minutes when somebody stole it from him. He says that he thinks it was some of the provost guard at that place. Whenever you get chance you will please to send me another pair socks. I want neither gloves nor comfort any more this winter and if I had another pair of socks I could make out for this winter. Lee A.B. Terry is not in camp now he was send off sick sometime before I got here and don't know where he is. You must try to write to me as soon as you get this so I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nMarch 24, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is a pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I wrote you a letter on the tenth of this month for which I haven't yet received any answer. Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack in coming to the army and everything it contained. He said that of the provost guard stole it from him at Millboro so that he lost everything that you had\ngiven him to fetch me.","The snow fell about a foot deep here day before yesterday however the weather is very nice now. There was great snowbowling yesterday. It first commenced between the 27th and 33d Regiment and after about an hour of snow bowling the 4th regiment took our part and reinforced us, and the 2d Regiment reinforced the 33d, in about an hour afterward the fifth Regiment reinforced the 4 and 27th and snowbowled the 2d and 33d out of their camp. Afterward the whole brigade joined together again and attacked Rodes Division. Some of the 4th Brigade Louisianians and some of the 33d Brigade of our Division joined our Brigade. Rodes division turned out and ran our fellows into camp. Brigadier General Doles was commanding Rodes Divison. We had no generals ingaged on our side except some colonels\ntook part in the fun. Some rascal or other nocked General Doles in the head with a rock and cut right smart gash in it. He fell off of his horse but he wasn't out the field more than half an hour when he returned again.","In evening the long roll was beaten in our brigade and Louisiana Brigade and turned out again. Our Brigadier General took the field and commanded our Division. Rodes's Division was waiting on us we went and attacked them and ran them out of their camp, thus ended the 23 of March. It was all nice fun except with Brigadier General Doles some had pick at him and took out of him in that way. I shall cease writing by giving you all my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Since I came back I received a letter from Mary T. Winebrenner inquiring of me about her husband. I don't know neither her nor her husband and she says the news came from you that I was aquainted with her husband. I wrote to his Captain yesterday about C. Winebrenner and\nas soon as I get an answer from him I will write to her.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nApril 5, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 21 of March last came to hands yesterday from which I was glad to hear that you was well. This leaves me well at present and I hope that when these few lines\nwill come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news of importance to tell you at this time, only that the weather is very bad and disagreable here now. Our brigade just came off pickett yesterday evening.\nEverything is peaceable here now, nothing going on. The officers have been reduced down to same rations as the privates and it is issued to them just the same as it is\nissued to us. Neither are they allowed to buy any from the Commissary department. The company officers are drawing with their companies and to the field officers it is weighed out to them.","I am sorry to tell you that there is a man in our company just now dying his name is George Harmon. He lives down on Jackson's River. He took sick last Sunday and died (I\nexpect is dead now) this morning. He was a very strong man.","I wrote to Staunton to the priest for another prayer book, and just got it yesterday with two tracts and three cards. Enclosed you will find a tract and a card in this here letter for you. I sort of think that Thomas W. Rose done something with the things that you sended me by him and he just tells me as an excuse that somebody stole them from\nhim. I have a notion to charge him for it but I have a fear that I shall have to take it out in charging.","I received a letter, sometime ago, from Mary F. Winebrenner enquiring into the whereabouts of her husband saying that she heard that I knew him, and knew where he\nwas and that I had tole you about knowing him. I am uterly stranger of either Mrs. or Mr. Winebrenner, neither do I recollect of having ever heard such name, but I wrote to his captain about him and haven't yet received any answer about him. He belongs to George's old company.","Mr. [Salander] spoke to me about that pistol as I was coming to the army and told him you will take six bushels of corn for it, he said, then, that he hadn't the corn to spare at that time, and I told him that you would wait till the next crop would come, he then said that he would try to raise some. You do as you please with it I think the pistol is worth six bushels of corn and if you can help it don't let him have it for any less.","I will quit writing, by giving you, Mother, Sister, Brother George and family my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stone Wall Brigade \nApril 22, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news to tell you at present, we are to pack up everything we have today and be ready to march tomorrow morning. It is said we are going on picket and that we are\nto camp some where nearer to our picket lines, but none of us knows where we shall go, all we know is that we will abandon our winter quarters tomorrow morning never\nmore, perhaps, to return to this camp.","The weather is most beautiful here now and the roads will soon be in marching order and we look for the Spring campaign close at hands. Meantime our troops have been\ncheered up by the victories that our armies have lately achieved in North Carolina and in Transmississippi Department. General Banks have been defeated in the\nTransmississippi Department with the loss of eight thousand men including killed wounded and missing, thirty five pieces of artillery, two hundred wagons. In North\nCarolina they have been defeated with the loss of twenty six hundred prisoners, one Brigadier General and several pieces of Artillery. General Forrest captured Fort Pillow\nand out of seven hundred yankees defending it four hundred negroes, and three hundred whites, he only took one hundred prisoners. The balance were all killed including the comandant of the fort. All these little victories are very encouraging to us and could we only whip Grant it would be very encouraging to us and very discouraging\nto the enemy. I think we will soon have a trial of it, and I am pretty confident that if General Grant comes over the Rapidan River to fight us over here in our breastworks he\nwill get pretty badly whipped.","This here makes the fifth letter that I have written you since I got back from furlough and haven't received but two from you. I have received them things that you sended me by George Gilbert. I think that this year is the last year of the war provide we can whip the enemy next summer. I hope that we will all come home next winter. I am pretty tire of this war by this time but there is no chance for us unless the war stops for we shall all have keep fighting untill the yankees give us up or untill we shall be subjugated.","There is great revival among the churches in this army. There is at least three times as many more converts in this year than there was last spring. Mr. Gibson is one of them and good many others of our company. John Baker of Covington is to be baptised today.","We are to cook four days rations this evening. I wish I could give some of my coffee that I have on hands. I have nearly half pound on hands ahead of my regular ration, but we are too far apart for me to give to you. The meat is the most scarse article we are getting and that is only a quarter of a pound per day scarsely enough. But considering the times we are doing very well, we done even better this winter than we did did last. Last winter we drew [best] on ration or two of coffee, and but very little sugar. This winter we drew coffee and sugar regular. They are making out to give us some clothing every once and a while so that there is not much complaining in camp. I myself am afraid that we'll have heap harder time in the way of rations than we ever had yet before this war closes. As soon as we draw any money I shall send you some by the first opportunity. Please write to me as soon as you can. Give my best respects to Mother, Russia, and to all the enquiring friends and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda","Mr. Gibson sends his best respects and he is well. Clarington Gilbert told me to write to you in my letter to tell Russia to write to him.","This collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include:\n Camp life The hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians Battles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) Other members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment Family news \nThe letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","The papers also include one letter (dated 1863) from William H. McPherson to Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) and three letters from Garibaldi to his daughter (dated 1904) written in 1904.","Written from \"Camp Stevenson,\" Virginia. Letter regards Chirstmas celebrations, and the breaking of a dam \"in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\"","Written near Winchester, Virginia. Letter concerns the Romney Campaign.","Written from \"Camp near Bunker Hill,\" West Virginia. Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Allen, Clarke County,\" Virginia. Letter regards camp life, payday, and rumors of enemy movements.","Written from \"Camp Bailor.\" Letter regards orders to prepare to march and general family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards finances and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money sent by mail and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter mentions that unit is under marching orders and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter concerns sending of money and supplies.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money, supplies,\nand family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter vocies that the spring campaign will begin soon and furloughs are suspended.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards an increase in wages and that the unit is preparing to move.","Letter voices that the unit is drawn up in line of battle and is expecting a fight tomorrow.","Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia.","Written \"near Fredericksburg,\" Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from \"Camp near Hamilton Station.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from \"Camp Paxton.\" Letter voices that the unit has received marching orders.","Written from \"Camp Stephenson, Frederick County,\" Virginia. Letter regards the a battle in Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Washington County, Maryland. Letter regards the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.","Written from \"Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County,\" Virginia. Letter comments on the kindness of people in Pennsylvania and wealth of countryside there.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards difficulty in receiving mail and general news.","Written from Camp \"Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and general news.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards news of prisoners.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and reports news about various other soldiers who were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.","Letter regards troop movements, news of other soldiers, and remarks that the unit constructing breastworks.","Written \"twenty miles below Orange Court House,\" Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and general news.","Written from Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Letter reports various engagements with the Union and prisoners taken.","Letter reports that the unit is drawn up in line of battle.","Written from \"seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse,\" Virginia. Letter regards general news.","Written from near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards troop movements and life in camp.","Letter regards life in camp and reports on wounded soldiers.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Written near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp, including a snowball fight.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards Civil War news and life in camp.","Three letters sent from John Garibaldi to his daughter.","Civil War envelopes.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0284","/repositories/3/resources/586"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"creator_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"creators_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Chancellorsville (Va.), Battle of, 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Winchester (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Romney Campaign, 1861-1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Chancellorsville (Va.), Battle of, 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Winchester (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Romney Campaign, 1861-1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42 items"],"extent_tesim":["42 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/2011\"\u003eFull text transcriptions of the Garibaldi letters are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Full text transcriptions of the Garibaldi letters are available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Garibaldi, a Confederate soldier, was born in Genoa, Italy, on April 30, 1831. He immigrated to the United States 1851, where he married Sarah Ann Virginia Poor of Botetourt County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Garibaldi served as 3rd Sergeant, Company C, 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment (Stonewall Brigade). He was captured at Kernstown, Virginia on March 23, 1862 and sent to Ft. Delaware, Delaware prison. Garibaldi was exchanged on August 5, 1862 and returned to duty until captured at Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia on May 12, 1864. He was again imprisoned at Ft. Delaware and was exchanged for the second time on October 30, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War Garibaldi was a teacher and farmer in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He died in Big Island, Bedford County, Virginia, on September 8, 1914 and is buried in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Garibaldi, a Confederate soldier, was born in Genoa, Italy, on April 30, 1831. He immigrated to the United States 1851, where he married Sarah Ann Virginia Poor of Botetourt County, Virginia. ","During the Civil War Garibaldi served as 3rd Sergeant, Company C, 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment (Stonewall Brigade). He was captured at Kernstown, Virginia on March 23, 1862 and sent to Ft. Delaware, Delaware prison. Garibaldi was exchanged on August 5, 1862 and returned to duty until captured at Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia on May 12, 1864. He was again imprisoned at Ft. Delaware and was exchanged for the second time on October 30, 1864.","After the War Garibaldi was a teacher and farmer in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He died in Big Island, Bedford County, Virginia, on September 8, 1914 and is buried in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDear Miss-\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours of the 24 instant just yesterday evening from which I understand with the greatest pleasure that you was well and also the whole of the family, with the whole of the neighbors around you. This leaves me enjoying a perfect good health as it has been the case always. We have had right merry Christmas, we had plenty to eat such as it was and plenty to drink, pretty near the whole of Holloway's company was drunk. The Captain bought about 10\nor 15 gallons of liquor and gave it to the company, he was right merry himself. The whole of the 27 regiment was almost drunk even the Colonels, they were drunk too.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe last letter I wrote you I told you that we were under marching orders, but we did not know where to and now that we all got back safe, except one killed out of our Regiment, belonging to the Rockbridge Rifles, and another slightly wounded by a shell belonging to the artillery, I can tell you where we have been. We left this camp on Monday morning at three o'clock and reached the Potomac river on the second day after dark, at the dam number five about ten miles above Williamsport, there we remained for four days breaking the dam in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe only time that we could work at it was at night in the darkest so as to keep from being shot from the Yankees from the opposite side of the river. They had full view at us in the day time, we had to descend down on the dam from a high precipice of steep rocks while they on the other side they had a small hill, which was in cultivation, to descend to the dam and had a full view at us. We, in the day time, had to march way from there and go out in the countries where we had a full view of then and then march back again in the night after about seven o'clock. We had left our tents about midway between here and the river, therefore we had no tents to sleep in, neither could we make any fire in the night in order to keep from being seen by the enemy, but we [had] good overcoats and blankets enough to keep from freezing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was a great large mill just below the dam, and was burn'd up by the shells thrown in there by the enemy on the second night. A company from our regiment called the Rockbridge Rifles was in the mill guarding those that were working on the dam just as the mill was set a fire from the other side they came out and that was when one of them got killed by a bombshell. They had a narrow path to go through where no more than one at a time could pass and the Yankees were throwing balls as fast as they could at the same time. Some of them remained behind rocks all day and came out at night about ten or fifteen remained there\nall day and didn't come out till night. I anxious to see the Yankees crept up behind rocks and remained there hid for about an hour and shot several times at the Yankees. After I got tire to stay there I got up and walked off, and as I was going away from my hidden place I believe\nthere was no less than five or six shot at me but none of them hitted me, it was almost too far off to be killed by a ball although there was several of the Yankees shot we could see them laying on the ground and when they were falling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was a constant shooting from each side of the river from morning till night, it was no regular battle only for those that wanted to fight could go and take up a position on this side of the river and fire away as much as they wanted. The general came by one evening and looked very much pleased at the boys and said pitch in boys it is a free fight. We killed a good many Yankees and they only killed one of us. After we succeeded in breaking the dam, we came back to our old camp where we now are. It is believed that we shall leave here and go to Romney to have a fight with the Yankees. This is the general belief, that we will march in a day or two and if we go Romney we shall have a hard fight in driving away the enemy from behind\ntheir fortifications. They are just now taking a list of all the cartridges we have in order to give us a full supply and march us off to Romney. I have a heap more to tell you but I haven't time to do it for we have to go out on a general review. So goodbye. I send you my likeness also. So Goodbye.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Miss Sarah A.V. Poor\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letter where you did the last one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Winchester Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 28, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sir:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this favorable opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same. I received your little box that you send me yesterday, with two pair of gloves, a vest and a pair of socks. I sold the vest for three dollars and a half. I had bought me a vest last Christmas in Winchester and therefore I didn't need it and sold a pair of gloves\nfor one dollar and a half. I kept a pair of gloves and the pair of socks for myself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe arrived here on the 25 from Romney and don't know how long we shall remain. We were under marching orders this morning but the order was countermanded on account of the weather which was raining very hard this morning. We don't know how long we shall stay here now; we may stay here few days longer. We were going about 4 miles from here to build shanties for the winter. We had a hard march during the whole time. We left Camp Stevenson on the New Years Day early in the morning, and took up our line of march to Bath the county seat of Morgan County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the fourth day after our departure, there was a fight expected with the yankees who were 1,400 strong, but there was not much of a fight. Our militia had a little fight with them and there was twenty killed and wounded in our militia. We don't know how many there was killed and wounded on the north side. The volunteers didn't shoot a gun. They didn't even see the yankees. The militia was put in front and we, the volunteers behind, to support them. Our forces consisted of about fourteen thousand, the yankees at the hearing of our approach ran away and did not make any stand. They left behind them two cannons but they spiked them before they left them. They left behind them also the right smart army [sto--], about forty thousand dollars worth. Before we left Bath we destroyed two or three bridges on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and tored up right smart track.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter that we took up our line of march to Romney, but the road was so bad that our wagons couldn't keep up and we had to wait on them for four days at the distance of about 14 miles from Bath, and after our wagons got up we started again and reached Romney on the fourth day. The yankees that were in Romney left also on double quick so that we volunteers had no fight at all except few of our cavalry and the militia. The Yankees in leaving Romeny left behind them about five hundred barrels of crackers, a large quantity of flour, clothing, ammunition, and good many other things from there. After we been there four or five days we took our line of march toward Winchester, which we reached on the third day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHere we are now camped for two or three days and we may go away tomorrow or after tomorrow but we will not go very far. We are just going three or four miles from here to\nbuild our winter quarters and threr we shall remain for the balance of the winter and have no more marches for this winter. I'll have time to write to you oftner than I did before. The Captain is at home on a furlow and he has all my money. If I had some with me I would send you ten dollars, but the Captain's furlow will soon be out and he'll come back. I will get some money and send it to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe had a march of twenty five days. We suffered right smart cold weather during that time, for good many had no tent and they had to lay out on the wet over snow beds and\nsnow falling at the same time. Good many took sick and never will get better. They are dying nine or ten almost every day. There is about three hundred in the hospital\nbelonging to our brigade, the whole of them got sick by the exposure of the weather. Thank goodness I have stood up very well and never got sick yet. I was on every march,\nand did my duty as well as any soldier ever did. I feel very well, only I have a little cough.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBath is now in posession of our militia and Romney is now protected by about eight thousand volunteers, partly Virginians, South Carolinians, and some from Arkansas. My\ncandle is nearly out and I must quit writing for tonight. So good night Dear Sarah. Good night sleep well. I hope I will see by and by.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 30\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaving some what leisure time this morning to finish my letter, I thought it fit to finish it off and send it to you. We left that Camp in the next morning and marched about six miles to a place where we will remain for the balance of the winter here. We are going to build shanties to live in. As we were going to Romney we passed where the Yankees had been and I saw near all the houses had been burned up by them. The hogs stuck with the bayonet, some shot the cattle, and the sheep were treated like wise. As we were coming from Romney by another road altogether, we met with an equal destruction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey killed an old shoemaker, and then burned him up in his house. At another place again they killed another man, who had a wife and three or four small children, and\nafterward they set fire to the house driving his wife and children out of the door. The lady tried to go in the house to try to take out some furniture in order to keep it from burning, but they would not let her so that every thing was burned up, with the corpse of her husband. As we were coming by some found some of his bones in pieces and\nthey put them in their pocket as a relic. As soon as that woman saw our brigade coming she began to cry thinking that may be we were yankees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Miss, I could come home for two months on a furlow by reenlisting for two years longer, for nobody can get any furlow any more unless he reenlist for two years or during the war. But I don't think I will for I have only three months and a half to stay now and then our time will be out, and I don't intend to volunteer any more. I shall belong to the militia myself for I see that the militia don't have so much hard ship to go thru as the volunteers have, and they are getting the same wages and the same kind of rations, and they have more liberty than we. Only the militia has to make the first attack on the enemy, and then the volunteers come in at the last. So I think I'll come and stay at home untill they draft me. Good many have already reenlisted and are gone home on furlow. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and to all of the family also and remain your affectionate lover untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Miss Sarah A. W. Poor\u003cbr\u003e\nEnclose you will find four envelops with postage stamps on. The name of this Camp is Zollicoffer I think. I haven't quite understood it [quite] well yet but I will tell you the Name of it better some other time. You will please write to me as soon as this comes to hands and direct your letter to\u003cbr\u003e\nWinchester Va. Care of Captain L. T. Hollowy. 27th Reg. Va. Vols.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Bunker Hill, October 24, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few line I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands, may find you enjoying the same blessings. I arrived here yesterday morning safe. We had to walk from Staunton to this place, about one hundred and fifteen miles distant.\nIt is the general opinion of the men and officers that we shall not stay here long, that we shall either advance again into Maryland or retreat back up the Valley on account that we are too far from any railroad branch, and can't get [means] for transportation. There is no yankee of any amount on this side of the Potomac.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't any news to tell you at this time. I haven't been in the camp long enough to learn any. The boys here are as lively as crickets, just as lively as if it was in time of peace, or as if they were at home. There is thirty four men in our compnay fit for duty. Our company makes up\nnear half of the regiment, it is no more than a good company the whole regiment. They nearly all deserted or went home on a French. There is some few sick and wounded but not many. There was only twelve in the Battle of Sharpsburg in Maryland out of our regiment. The balance remained behind, and the most of them never went across the river. Patrick [Hai----], that use to work up on the mountain is dead. He was wounded in the late battle of Manassas in one of his knees and died.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery thing is quiet here in the Camp. Dear I could not even buy me a sheet of paper in Winchester to write to you. There is none to be bought. The boys are writing on paper that they have captured on the battle field. When ever you write to me you must send me a blank sheet of paper in your letter. The boys say that we shall soon have our pay and if so, I will send you some. Dear I would like to see you, and feel lonesome for you. Give my best respects to mother, Russia, [illegible] and to all the enquiring friends. So nothing more at present but to reamin you affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Allen, Clarke County, VA.\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 2, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith this opportunity I set myself down to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand may find you enjoying the same blessing. I thought I set down this morning to write you these few lines in order to tell you where and how to direct your answers, being that I think I forgot it on my last letter. It is very hard to get paper to write,\nenvelops or postage stamps either. I couldn't a postage stamp in the company and I had to tear a leaf off an old book in order to write you this letter and I am bound to send it without prepayment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are soon to have a pay day, and I have about one hundred and fifty dollars of which, if I can get a chance, I want send you one hundred and thirty, and if I don't get chance to send them to you I intend to take a French furlow and fetch them home myself if I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news whatever to write to you now. Everything is peacable in the camp, but I don't know how long it will remain so. There has been cannonading heard this morning in the direction of Harpers Ferry, and it is said that the enemy is crossing large force over the Potomac. We don't get chance to see any newspaper at all and have no news to tell you at present. You must write to me as often as you can for I am very glad to hear from you at all times. Dear I am lonesome for you and would like to be with you, but I hope that the Lord will spare my life long enough to come home again and to see peace restored once more in our\ncountry. But there ain't much sign of peace now for I heard the cannons whilst I am writing. The following shall be the dirction with which you shall send me your letter.\u003cbr\u003e\nMr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\n27th Va. Regt. Company C.\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain C. L. Haynes\u003cbr\u003e\nFirst Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nJackson's Division\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. John Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Sarah A. Garibaldi. Give my best respects to the whole of the family. I haven't been able to see George yet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Bailor. November 20th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaving somewhat time to spare now and thinking that we are going to have some long march, for we have just received orders to cook a day's ration and be ready to march in the morning by day light, therefore I may not have time to write to you any more for some time. I thought I better write this present in order to let you know that I am well. I have written you three letters and this makes the fourth one and yet I have not received any answer for them and in my last one I have enclosed five dollars and would like to know whether you received them or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease write to me and don't care how often you do write if it is twice a week I'll be very glad to receive them, for nothing will satisfie me but to hear from you. You are the only one that I care for in this world, and I expect that I am the only one that you care for too. Let us not therefore abandon each other, let not distance be the cause of our forgetfulness. Little did we get to stay\ntogether but I hope that, if God wills, we shall reunite ourselves together, again, never to be parted except by death and I hope that we shall never forsake the hour in which we were united together by ties of matrimony, that we shall lead a happy life together and agreeable as\nit becomes two married people. A day is not passing without thinking of the one I left behind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear We were paid out about three weeks ago and I received one hundred and fifty dollars and wish that I could put them in your hands. You said that you'd think yourself rich if you had one hundred dollars in pocket and I wish I could satisfie you to give them to you. To send them\nin a letter I don't like to trust, so that I shall have to wayt an opportunity to send them to you by hands, or untill I come home myself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that I was appointed Sergeant here lately, my pay is now seventeen dollars per month. George Gilbert Was Sergnt himself but was broken on account of his straggling out from the company without permission, as we were marching through Winchester, and stayed away four or five days. David Gilbert was Corporal and was broken\nfrom his office for the same offence. John Hepler is Corporal now in place of David Gilbert himself. There was sever other noncommissioned officers from our company broken for the same offence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is some talk about us going back to Camp Zollicoffer where we made our winter quarters last winter, and we will then be stationed in our old shanties that we built last winter. Dear Give my best respects to mother, Russian, Isiah, Sale, and Mary and to all the neighbors. If there is any furlow given this winter I shall get one, for I am entitle to it and come home and stay, and we shall enjoy ourselves ittle more. Dear thre some little talk of peace about the camp, some thinks that next spring will bring peace and we shall all then come home and rejoin our wives once more. Dear I can't get no postage stamps in Winchester. They thought that we were going to evacuate the place and they send them all away so that I can not pay for the letters that I am sending you, but as soon as I can get any I shall commence to pay for the letter. Dear I have no news to tell you now. I shall just end my letter by wishing you all the good that the world can afford you and try to take good care for yourselves so nothing more at present, but remain your affectionate husband untill death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrite to me as soon as you get this letter and direct your letters all the time to Mr. John Garibaldi, Comapny C., 27th Va. Regt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEnclose you will find two dollars which you will keep and make use of it as necessity requires you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah A.V. Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear you must write to me at least once a week so good by Dear Wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 4, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I hope to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand will find you enjoying the same blessing. I received three letters from you since I have been with the company and have been awaiting the fourth one but I haven't seen it yet. I hastened therefore to write this present one and to tell you to send me one and don't care whether you either write it or buy me one and send it to me so I may get a letter from you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have send you sixty seven dollars since I have been in the Company and would like to know whether you received it or not. I have more to send you but would like to know if you got that I send you before I send you any more. I send fifty dollars enclosed in a letter to Mr. Pursinger by Mr. Lamby just few days before Christmas which I hope you shall have received before this time. You now can buy yourself a cow if you see one that suits you and if Mother is going to sell that little colt you can buy it too provide you can keep him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know when I shall get chance to come home. It may be that I'll be able to come home but I think it very doubtful. There is no chance for any furlow at present and I don't know when there will be any. There is a heap talk of peace now in the north, but I wouldn't put no dependence in them. But after while I think they'll get tire to get whipt and they will then give us up for a bad joke but that may not be for a good while.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have not much to tell you at this time. I wrote to you day before Christmas and told you all the news I knew then about the battle. I have written to MackPherson, to old man [A---] and to Pursinger several times since the battle. [illegible] soon have another pay day. Dear you must write to me as often as you can and beg to take good care for yourself until I come home and stay with you and I hope that we shall never forget the hour in which we were joined together but that bless the day on which you and I were joined together with the ties of Matrimony. I\nshall quit writing by just remind you to write to me and wish you all the good that the world can afford you and remain your affectionate husband untill death,\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah A. V. Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols.\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall first Virginia Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain Charles L. Wagner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nPaxton's Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 18, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your kind and affectionate letter of the fourth instant from which I understood with pleasure that you and the house hold was all well. I would have written to you sooner, but I was on Picket when I received it and had therefore no chance to answer. We came back last night late and I thought I would answer it today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received them two pair of socks that you send me by Lee H.B. Terry which I was very glad to receive and stood in need of. Now the next thing I like you to do by the next opportunity offered it is to send me some black and white thread if you can get it anywhere and some hard soap as we can't get any anywhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have only received four letters from you since I have been with the Company and have heard that you have only received four from me, but if I have written four letters I have written a dozen of them. In one of them I have enclosed five dollars in another two dollars in another ten dollars and in another fifty dollars. I have heard that you have received the five dollars the two dollars and the fifty dollars but don't hear anything about the ten dollars. You will please to write to me and tell whether you have received the ten dollars or not. I would send you some more but I am afraid to send them in a letter. But if Henry Gilliland is coming on a furlow which\nI expect he will do before long I will by him. I have applied for one myself but I don't know whether I will get it yet or not. Perhaps I will get one before the winter is over, but it will only be for fifteen days furlow.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at this time but to tell you that this leaves me well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C, 27th Regt. Va. Vols.\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, Jackson's Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nPaxton's Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 27, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written to you week before last in response to the one that you send me by Lee A.B. Terry, for which I haven't yet, received any answer. Dear you must write to me often for I would like to hear from you every week, for I feel lonesome enough and my getting no letter from you makes me more lonesome still; you will please therefore to write to me weekly if you want please me. I have written to you\nabout a douzen of letters and haven't received but four letters yet.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have some money to send you but I am afraid to risk it in this letter. The next safe opportunity I will get I shall send you sixty dollars again. If you see a cow worth buying you may buy it provide that mother has feed enough to keep her and if she wants to sell her little coult you can buy it too, and give her the price that she would get from anybody else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we all are enjoying as good health as we ever did. We haven't had any snow here yet, the first snow I have seen this winter it was after we had crossed the blue ridge in coming from the valley, and it didn't stay on the ground\ntwenty four hours but we didn't have any snow here yet, on the contrary is warm enough here now, to go on our shirt sleeves, and it has been so all the time for nearly the whole of this month. But we have had right smart rain here in this month and when it wasn't rayning, it was clear and pretty weather, and warm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are under marching orders all the time. We are keeping a day's ration cooked ahead all the time and last night was renewed again, we were expecting to march away from here this morning but we are here yet, and it may be that we will stay here yet for weeks, and it may be that we will have to leave here in an hour from now, so that you see we don't know anything about it. It depend altogether upon the movement of the enemy. The prospects are good here for another fight, the yankees are making appearance before Fredericksburg some time but it is not known whether they are in for good or not, although the papers says that they have already crossed the river but it is northern news, and it aint so, for we haven't saw anything of them yet, but it is the general belief among the camp that they will not try to cross here anymore. The troops are removed from here little at time to other fields, and it may be that the next fight will be somewhere else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou must send me little soap by the next chance you get, (hard soap I mean) we have to pay dollar per pound here and can't get it at that. You will please to send me little thread black and white if you please, provide you can get it. I have nothing more to tell you at present, but to remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease direct to Mr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols., care of Captain C.L. Haynes\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Paxton's Brigade, Taliaferro's Division,\u003cbr\u003e\nnear Fredericksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLet this direction be a permanent one untill I tell you to direct your letters some where else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs Sarah A.V. Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nBy the Politeness of Miss Georgeanne Lockheart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nFebruary 26, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same blessings. As Henry Gilliland is coming home on a furlough I thought I would send you these few lines although I have written you letter by mail in the begining of this week, and send you another by Lieutenant Clark last week and send you fifty dollars . Whenever you write to me I want you to tell me whether you received it or not the last letter that I received from you was dated the 26 of January. You said that you was going to send me a comfort by somebody but I have one so you need not send it to me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have nothing to tell you at this time. I want you to send me some black and white thread and some red peper if you have any. The fifty dollars that I send you by Lieutenant Clark they were enclosed in a letter directed to you and in care of Lee Pursinger. I told him that if he has no time to fetch it to Pursinger himself to leave it with Gilly [J---] or with [McCordy] in Covington and to tell them to give it to Pursinger whenever they get chance. I have nothing more to tell you at present but tell you that I remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo his wife\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to mother Sisters and brothers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nPaxton's Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 24, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I received your letter, that you send me by Henry Gilliland, from which I understood with sorrow that Isaiah and Sala had departed from this world. I had heard that Isaiah was so sick that it was [un]likely he would recover in one of your last letters, but you thought that Sala would get\nbetter therefore I did not expect that Sala would die. I am very sorry of all that but my sorrow wouldn't prevail anything. You must try to take care of yourself and do the best you can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have send you twenty dollars by Mr. [Gordy] when he left here and have never heard anything of it so whenever you write you must let me know something about and also of them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark. I have received some cakes, some thread and some red pepper that you have sended me by Henry Gilliland. You said that you send me some more soap by the next chance you will get but I must tell you that I have plenty soap now and I don't want anything at present, it is likely that we shall march by and by and I want be as light as possible for I expect we shall have hard time yet before the war will be over.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnson Boyar send me a cake sugar by Henry Gilliland. I have not much news to tell you now. You will give my best respects to Miss Sarah Johnson and to Mr. Pursinger. You must write to me oftner if you can. I was in hope of getting a furlow but they have stopped giving them now and there is no more chance of my coming home now untill next winter unless we are all discharged and peace made before that time. I could have got one if Mr. Evans had come back as soon as his was out but he stayed about nine days after his time was out and when he came back there was no more furloes to be recommended so I was out of my furlow,\nbut I hope that we will have peace before next winter and we shall all come home and remain for good.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to George and tell him that he must write to me. Give my best respects to Mother and [Russia] L. also and tell them to take good care of themselves. So nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you use to do\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 29, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nAs we are on the eave of a march and the commencement of the spring campaign I thought it better to write you this letter in order to let you know that I am yet in this camp and well, but every indication seems that we are on the verge of move as we had order to pack up all our extra bagages that we can not carry on our shoulder and send it away to Richmond. The days are getting long and the weather dryer and it shall soon pleasant enough to admit of active movement. I might not have time to write to you as regular as I have done, but you must write to me steadier, and not await to write to me untill you get a letter from me, but just write to me as often as it will be convenient to you. It has been long time since I haven't received a letter from you by mail, don't be too stinger in saving writing paper. This is leaving me well at present except a bad cold and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same good health that you was enjoying when I last saw you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there is a heap of talk about fighting, I think that there wouldn't be as much fighting this summer as there was last summer. There may be a fight or two here and if we whip them I think they give it up provide we don't go to Maryland. But if we go there I think we shall some tall fighting to do. This winter they intended to do active operations with there navy but they have been idle all the winter. The biggest navy ever was witnessed went to threaten Charleston but having arrived to the place of operation they paused and hesitated before the harbor as if they was afraid of attacking it and they have never attacked Charleston yet, and if they don't make an attack within two or three weeks from now I doubt very much whether it ever will be attacked or not, the reason of this is that they have been whipped so often that they are afraid to be whipped again.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe furloughs have been suspended for the present and it is very likely that there will not be any more granted untill next winter, but I hope that by that time we shall have peace and that we shall all come home to stay with our families never to be divided any more unless by death.\nDear you must tell me whether you have received the money that I send you or not. I send you 50 dollars by Lieutenant Clark and when he come home on furlough, and twenty dollars by Mr. McCordy afterward of which I haven't heard anything of it. Dear, if there is anybody administering on Captain Holloway's Estate, you must give that account that I left you to Pursinger and let him make the best of it and get the money if he can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear whenever I come home I will try to fetch you something but I don't know what it will be. If you want anything particular you must write to me about, and if my purse shall contain enough to buy it with I shall be happy to please you, but every thing is so high now that it almost take fortune to buy any thing. At the same time if you may make use of the money that I have send you if you see anything worth buying, and make use of it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson and to all the neighbors around you. To Mr. Pursinger also and keep a [illegible] for yourself, mother Russia and George if this shall come to hand before he shall have gone back to the army and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nStill direct you letters as you allways did. So Good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 14, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written three or four letters since Henry Gilliland come home for which I haven't yet received any answer, neither can I tell the falt that keeps me from getting letters from you. If you are out papers you will please write to me and I will send you a blank sheet every time I write. You will please to write me every week weather you get any letters from me or not, and that is the I am doing too wether I get letters or not I write every week. You will please to tell me whether you have received them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark or not and the twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. McCordy the next time you write. If I get chance I shall send you some more money during the next month.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur wages have been increased four dollars per month and at that rate I am getting twenty one dollars per month. That is to comence the first of January, which it will make it sixteen dollars of extra wages due us by the first of May. We shall be paid off again in the begining of\nMay and there will be fifty dollars due me by that time, and if I get chance to send them to you I shall send you some money during next month, for I don't care about keeping much money with me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear We have been expecting to move from here for more than a weak but we haven't moved yet and I can't tell you how long we shall remain here but I don't [think] we shall stay in this camp much longer provide the weather will keep as drie as it does now, at least that is the general opinion among private soldiers and officers. We have been preparing to move for sometime. We have send away our extra bagages for about two weaks, and only kept with us\na blanket an overcoat and a change of clothes. Whenever we shall go on a march the officers shall have to carry their knapsacks on their backs just like we common soldiers. They were drawing knapsacks from the commissary to day to put their clothes in.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I have no news to tell you now of any importance. You must try to take a good care of yourself. Give my best respects to Mother and Russia and to the neighbors and keep a shear {share} for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStill direct your letters to Mr. John Garibaldi, Company C, 27th Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes, Stonewall Brigade, Trimbles' Division\u003cbr\u003e\nNear Fredericksburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You will excuse the\npencil writing as I am now in place where ink is too inconvenient to be procured. We are now in the battle field where the cannons are firing over us and I expect that tomorrow we shall have a general engagement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received your truly welcome letter of the 19th instant from which I understood that you and mother and Russia and I was very glad to hear from you. I have no news to tell you at present only that we are in the battle field drawn up in line of battle this evening and that the cannons began to roar this evening. How we will come out I am not able to tell you, but I hope that we will be able to whip them. I shall quit writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband until death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to mother Russia Lucinda Bush Sarah Johnson to Mr. and Mrs. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends and keep a shear {share} for yourself. So good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 9, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this blessed oppurtunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessing. I have written you a letter the last day of April with a pencil because I had no other way to write it and I hope that you have received it and will write to me every time you get chance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that we have been engaged in a hot battle since I last wrote to you and with the help of God I came out safe but out of about forty of our company that went in to the fight last Sunday there was only about thirty came out safe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that Lee A.B. Terry got wounded in wrist. There was six hundred and fifty odd killed out of our brigade and wounded. Our brigade went into battle twice, and the second time charged over the yankee brest works and ran the yankees away from there. Men fell on both side of me and if it had not been that God was with me I believe I'd fell too. I saw a man at my left hand who was shot in the face and when he fell he grabbed me by the legs and I got loose from him by jurking away from him. I expect he wanted me to help him out of the battle field but it was against my order to do it because there was men detailed for that purpose. In that fight I got me a portfolio full of writing paper and envelops which I needed badly and an oil cloth coat, our boys are now well supplied of oil cloths.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe got in the rear of the yankees saturday and we were fighting nearly all night saturday and all Sunday. We got thirty pieces of artillery. I can't tell you how many small arms but we have got any number of them. There was yankee knapsacks enough left on the ground to supply our whole army. The blankets were laying there in piles and were trampelled over by our men in the mudd. I never saw so much waste of property in my life. The enemy was laying behind their breastworks sunday morning with their\nknapsacks off and blankets and when they saw us coming they ran away leaving every thing behind them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now encamped in the wood here close to Fredericksburg but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed by good many that we shall have another battle before long, but I hope that we shall have some rest now for a while for we have been laying out in battlefields and without tents for nearly ten days and during that time we haven't had a whole night of sleep and been laying all the time under arms. The enemy is now across the river and I don't know how long he shall remain there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have giving you some account of the sunday battle but I expect you shall have heard of it before this [letter] will come to hands and perhaps you shall have heard some fuller accounts than I have given you because them around the battle field not actually ingaged generally knows more about the battle than them that were engaged in it. If my\nhead was right for wrighting you some thing about the battle I might perhaps tell you something more but as I don't [feel] enclined on account of their being such noise in it as I heard in the battle field. But if as soon as I get chance I shall write you again and tell you something more about the battle.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that {I saw}George Poor before and after the battle and he was well and he came out safe of the battle, and he sends you all his best respects. I hadn't time to speak to him long. I saw him Friday evening before the battle and only had time to shake hands with him. Then I saw him again tuesday after the battle and hadn't time to speak to him long then as we were ordered off again immediately, but he told me he was well, and came out safe of the battle field and he sends you all his best respects. You must write to me soon and direct your letter as you did before.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. John Garibaldi, care of Captain C.L. Haynes\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C 27th Va. Infantry\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNear Fredericksburg\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn R. Hepler sends you all his best respects and he is well. I shall finish off writing by giving you to mother and Russia my best repects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Fredericksburg Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 11, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving somewhat leisure time to write to you this beautiful monday evening I will seat myself down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter last weak but not knowing whether you received it or not I thought I would write you this present one, as I have chance to send it to Covington by Mr. Lamby.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have had some very hard time begining from the 29 of last month up to the about the six of May. On the 29th of last month we left our winter quarters on account of the\nenemy having crossed the Rappahannock and marched up to Hamilton's crossing about eight miles distant. There we slept two nights in a wheat field. It rained nearly all\nthe time and we were to lay out and take it. On the first of May, in the morning, having learned that the enemy, or part of it, had crossed higher up the river about thirty miles, and was marching down on the Fredericksburg plank road, aiming to flank the crest of hills surrounding Fredericksburg, our division and some other divisions with it started up the river on the plank road on which the enemy was coming down and slept that {there} on the battle field where the enemy had been repulsed by the advance of our army. The next morning we started again, and mile or two brought us up in front of the enemy. There we halted for about an hour, and afterward left the main road and took a small county road to left, we marched about twelve miles leaving the enemy at our right, and got in the rear in the evening at about two or three o'clock, where the yankees didn't expect us to attack them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere the fighting commenced. One of our division took the front and drove the enemy for about two or three miles, drove the yankees out of their breastworks but fortunately\nfor us that them breastworks were not made to defend themselves in the rear, but they were made to defend themselves in front where the enemy expected us to attack them, they took several batteries and good many prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey made several charges on us during Saturday night but they were repulsed all the time and we took that night a whole brigade and their general prisoners. We spended\nthe whole of Saturday night drawn up in line of battle and changing positions. Sunday morning found our Brigade drawn in line of battle in as very thick bushes and small timber at the enemy's right, and at about day light, or may be little after, they commenced cannonading over our head and it looked like that they had commenced early in the morning just for a day's work, but fortunately for us that their balls [and] shells went all over our heads, and none of our Brigade got killed in that place that I have heard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt about eight o'clock the enemy moved all his infantry forces on our right in order to overpower us and [cut] their way through us and commenced the firing of small arms, and we were then moved to the right where the enemy was presing the most, and there we were engaged twice. The first time we were engaged we lost our Brigadier General,\nand in about 15 minutes we were ordered to fall back and then we fell back behind the breastworks behind which the enemy had been dislodged by our sharpshooters about\nfifteen or twenty minutes before. And while we were thus laying behind them breastworks which were built by the enemy the night previous General Stuart rode by and our Brigade gave them three cheers, and he then told us to advance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe then went in again and ran the enemy for about a quarter of a mile and ran them out of two lines of entrenchments, but without no little loss, we took several pieces of cannons, some prisoners and several artillery horses. Out of twenty two hundred of our Brigade there was six hundred and twelve killed and wounded, and out of about thirty five out of our company there was nine killed and wounded. Our orderly Sergeant was killed dead on the battle field. His name was William Scanlon. He was an Irishman and a good Soldier who had been through all the war of Mexico and was a very steady soldier. Another one, a little fellow who came as a substitute [illegible] by the name of John Archy was mortally wounded in the head and died two or three days after. William Evans was wounded somewhere above the knee and it is feared that he will not live. Another fellow by the name of Caleb Griffith was wounded in the nexk, but he is going about and there is no danger of him. James H. Forbes was wounded in the arm but it is thought that he will get better. Isaac Reynolds was wounded somewhere in the leg and he is going about. Lee A. B. Terry was wounded in the wrist but he will get better, and I expect that he is come home and he'll tell you the same news I do. Colonel James K. Edmondson of our regiment had his army cut off.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral T. J. Jackson died day before yesterday at about one o'clock in the afternoon. He did not die on account of his wound, he die of the newmony {pneumonia}. He was wounded early on the Saturday night the second of May, it is said by our men. When the enemy was making them charges on us he accidently or some how or other happened to be between our men and the enemy in one of them charges with several other Generals, and they rode toward our lines. At the approach of the enemy and of his musketry and our men hearing such noise through the bushes thought it was the\nenemy's cavalry and they fired into them wounding two Generals and a Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYesterday there was an escort of honor of about two hundred and fifty detailed out of our Brigade to accompany General Jackson's corpse to Richmond and I was one among them, but before we could march down to Guinea Station about eight miles distant from our camp, the remains of our General had been removed on the Rail Road and so we were about an hour too late.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe took about ten thousand yankee prisoners, thirty pieces of Artillery and about forty thousand stands of small arms. There is no end to the knapsacks that the enemy left\nbehind him on the battle field, there was knapsacks enough I believe to supply our whole army. They principally full of crackers and they came to play pretty well with us\nas our rations ran out the day before. They had eight days of provisions with them, they had brought not much clothing with them only a change of underclothes, [and] their portofolios full of writing paper and envelops to write letters at home after the battle, and their pen and ink. All that I did get is a portfolio with paper and envelops in it, some yankee postage stamps, some crackers, a pair of clean new drawers, some ink and an oil cloth coat. Our men have now plenty of oil clothes, and fear rain no more. After our men had done picked up all the oil clothes and blankets and overcoats there was any quantity still left on the ground tramped in the mud.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur whole loss was estimated at eight thousand. The battle is now over for the present and we are now encamped stationary for a while resting but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed that the enemy will try some where else before long and if he did seek refuge across the Rappahannock, it is believed he will make his\nappearance again as balloon has been seen now for two days in succession, viewing this side of the river.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Lamby is here now and he is now going to start so I will finish my writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death, John\nGaribaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to elder Lee Pursinger and you might let him read this letter just for information sake. Enclosed you will find two or three yankee postage stamps just for you keepsake.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you did before. I saw George Poor after the fight and he wasn't hurt but I hadn't time to speak to him long. He sends you all his best respects. So Good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Hamilton Station.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 28, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you three\nletters since the late battle and this makes the fourth for which I haven't yet received any answer. I am awayting for an answer from you almost every day but that answer never came yet. You must write to me often if you are able if it is twice a weak.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now encamped here behind Fredericksburg and have been here since the battle but don't know how long we shall yet remain here but I don't think we shall remain here long, for I have heard that Longstreet's forces have had orders to cook three days rations and be ready to march in a moment's warning.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am sending you this letter by hand as Mr. Raynolds is here now from Alleghany and he is going to start back\ntomorrow. I will give it to him, and I think he is the shorest mail yet. I have no news to write to you at present. You will direct your letter to John Garibaldi\nCo. C., 27th Regt. Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Johnson's Divison.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJust after I had sealed up my letter Mr. Pursinger arrived here just from Alleghany and I thought I would send you this letter by him and twenty five dollars with it. I shall send also by him two neck comforts. Write to me\nsoon and don't wait for letters untill you write because the letters don't come safe. I wrote to you three letters\nhere lately, send them by mail and you haven't received any.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Hepler is well. Thomas Arrington is well also and he is with the company doing duty. They both send their best respects to you. Give my best respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson. I received the letter that you sended me by Mr. Pursinger and was glad to learn that you mother and Russia was well. Give them my best respects and keep a good share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs Sarah A.V.P. Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Paxton.\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 3, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have received marching orders today and don't know when I will get chance to write you another. We just cooked three days rations and put them in the haversacks and we are now ready to march at a moments warning. It may be that we'll start this evening, or tonight or wait till tomorrow morning but that we are going to commence an active campaign. It is the belief of every body in the army, and it may be that we will take another trip into Maryland before the summer shall end.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you at this time. I wrote to you by Lee Pursinger and sended you twenty five dollars, and told you all the news I knew. I send home also a dozen of yankee envelops with stamps on it and two comforts which I had [no] use of them with me. You will please to send me little soap next chance you get as we can't get any of it here of any amount. You will please to write to me oftner than you do and direct your letter as you always did. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and also to Mother and Sister Russia and to all my enquiring friends and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eto Sarah Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stephenson, Frederick County, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 16, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI take this blessed opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will tell you know that I survived another storm and that it pleased God to let me come out unhurt from the battle field. We have now here in the valley about forty thousand men, the corps of Lieutenant General Ewell, and what is the object for taking us here I am not able to tell you. I know that it wasn't necessary to take opposite of forty thousand men here to whip and take seven or eight thousand yankees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe arrived here in the valley and in the vicinity of Winchester last Saturday and surrounded the town. General Rode's Division went down to Martinsburg to cut off their reinforcement who, upon being attacked by the yankee reinforcement whipped them back and captured all their\nordnance train. Sunday morning we drew closer around Winchester, that is our Division and Early's Division, and toward Sunday evening got our artillery in position and began to bombard their fortifications, but too well fortified to charge on their fortifications but we could have taken them with a heavy loss, so the commander of our corps General Ewell left a gap open thinking that they will try to get out during the night and thus make its escape, and he fell on the right plan. During Sunday night the yankee General spiked all its artillery and left every thing behind them and before they got about four miles from town they were headed our division and they had to fight us on open ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe battle commenced before it was clear day and lasted about an hour an half. As the enemy had left all their artillery behind them they had none to fight us with but small arms. They tryed to charge on our battery three times and repulsed each time. Then they commenced retreating and we followed, and they surrendered, five yankee regiments gave to our our brigade and surrendered. They staked arms for us, hung their accoutrements and gave themselves up to us as prisoners of war. Our brigade alone took six of their flag.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was but few killed and wounded out of our Brigade and them were out skirmishing. None of our company got hurt. Henry Gilliland requested to tell you to tell his family that he is alright, and that he would write in a few days. John R. Hepler also requested me to tell you to\nlet Barny Johnson know that he is well and that he would write to them in a few days. This was the cheapest victory ever was achieved yet without the loss of so many lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe feel very much tired out marching from around Fredericksburg to this place, and we are now under marching orders again. We cooked three days rations, and filled up our haversacks with it and we are to be ready to march by eleven o'clock.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much more to tell you at this time, only that I want you to write to me oftner than you do. Give my best respects to Lee Pursinger and family, to Barny Johnson and family and to Sarah Johnson and family and keep a portion for you, for mother and Sister Russia and Remain your affectionate husband untill death,\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda\u003cbr\u003e\nDirect Your letters to Winchester, Frederick County, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nCo. C. 27th Va. Regt Vols,\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington County Maryland. July 10, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this present opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am yet alive, but my health is not very good though I am yet doing duty. I haven't received a letter from you since the seventeenth of May last nor I haven't heard any thing about you. You must write often at least once a week. I haven't written to you now for some time because I hadn't chance but when I had I send you a letter every week.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe crossed the Potomac river on the 18 of June. We have been up nearly to Harrisburg the capitol of Pennsylvania. We then came back and met the enemy at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and fought for three days. We whipt him badly the first day, and it then fell back, took up a strong position and threw entrenchments and repulsed us. We then fell back ourselves and took up a position but the enemy refused to attack us. After staying there a day without being attacked we fell back across the mountains where we are now about thirteen miles from the Potomac.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe river is completely swelled by the heavy rains so that we can't ford it for a week and it is believed that before we will cross the river the enemy will come and attack us and that it will be a very big battle. We have about fifteen thousand yankee prisoners that belongs to our corps besides them of Longstreet, and A.P. Hill's corps to fetch to Virginia. Our loss is pretty heavy. There was thirteen out of our company killed and wounded. Henry Gilliland was killed dead on the field. William Lawson was killed, David and Lee Gilbert were badly wounded, John Hepler was slightly wounded and the Captain and Lieutenant Clark.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't time to write any more because that man is going to start out so nothing more at present but to reamin your affectionate husband untill Death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Darksville, Berkeley County, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 19, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours of the 15 of June last few days ago from which I understood with gladness that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou are complaining in your last letter that I don't write to you but that aint so for when I am in camp I write to you at least every weak. Two or three weeks have passed without writing to you but we were constantly marching in Pennsylvania and Maryland and the mail was right smartly interrupted so that we could neither receive nor send a letter. The last letter I wrote to you was written with the pencil, and it was whilst I was in Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI saw brother Geroge there and he told me that he had came out of the fight safe and that he was well. He asked me when I had heard from you all, and whether you was [well], and sends his best love to you all. You must try to write me oftner if you can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI could write to you, now, something about the time we have had in Maryland and Pennsylvania but I think it almost unnecessary as I expect you have heard all about it\nbefore this time. The people of Pennsylvania treated us very kindly but I think it was only from their teeth out. When we went to their houses they gave us plenty to eat of every thing they had. They are living in a very flourishing countries, plenty of good wheat, plenty of the best meadows I ever saw in my life. The generality of the people haven't got more than eighty acres of land and they have it in highest state of cultivation and living like princes almost. They seem to be very much unconcerned\nabout the war, very seldom they see a soldier, and they hardly know what war is, but if the war was to be carried on there as long as it was carried on in Virginia they would learn the effects of it, and perhaps would soon be willing to make peace like we are.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Arrington sends you all his best respects and he is well. Henry Gilliland was killed in the Gettysburg fight. I shall finish writing by giving you, to Russia and mother\nmy best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill Death, John Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stone Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nAugust 4, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your kind and affectionate letters yesterday evening dated July the 11 and 23 which afforded great deal of satisfaction in learning that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter about four or five days ago, which I do not know whether you have or will receive it or not. We don't get half the mail that is send to us. When ever there too much of mail and too troublesome to be distribute it they just destroy it, especially when on a march. So it is very uncertainly, when you write to me, whether I will get the letter or not. The only thing is to keep writing and among so much perhaps we will get hear from each other sometime.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news of any importance to write you at present. We have been encamped for three or four days on the plank road near Orange Court House but I don't know how long we shall remain here. The last camp we left, we started from it at about sundown and marched and marched about nine miles before we stopped, that was the same day that I wrote to you. We started again in the next morning at half after six and came here in the evening. We don't know when shall leave here but we may go at any time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is the general belief that the war will be over by next spring and that we shall all come home. I wish I was at home now and be with you for I am getting tire of this war and would like to come home to see you. The weather is very hot here now. I wish I was at home to thrash my wheat but as I can't come you all must try to get it thrashed the best way you can, but I don't expect there will be much to thrash as they all complain that it is all to thin on the ground and I expect that mine is the same way.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to mother and Sister Russia and tell her that I am sorry to hear that she was sick for wanting of a beau, but tell her that she must be patient. Give my respects also to Sarah Johnson, to Mr. Pursinger, to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nAugust 14, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written\nto you three or four letters since we crossed the Potomac for which I haven't yet received any answer, only them two that I got from John Tingler and they were no answer to the ones I wrote to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now encamped about two miles and a half from Orange Courthouse on the plank road, and have been resting for a while , haven't nothing to do yet since we have been\nhere except guard and picket duty and it may be that we will remain here for several weaks yet. There is the best season here we have had for some time. It rains two or\nthree times a weak, and the corn looks better about here now than any corn I have yet seen. We pay one dollar dozen for roasting ears but they are pretty big ones. We received pay for two months three or four days ago, and we will draw two more months in the begining of September.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will please to send me some socks for the next winter, a pair of woolen gloves and some soap. We have to pay three dollars per pound for soap now. I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are all well, but we don't quite get anything to eat, we sometime buy extra flour and pay at the rate of sixty dollars per barrel. I wish I was at home to sow some more wheat this fall, you must tell me how many bushels of wheat you threshed out of them five bushels that I sowed last fall and how many bushels it took to make a bushel. I have nothing more to tell you at this time only to remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect your letters as follow\u003cbr\u003e\nMr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCo. C. 27th Regt Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Second army corps, Army of Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myslef down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying Do.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt this time I have no news of any importance to tell you only that we have hard times and wars coming. Some thinks that we'll have peace before long, but I don't look for any peace during Lincoln administration and, if at the end of his term another president is elected belonging to the same party or he is reelected himself we may look for another four years of war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI just received your letter of the 31 of July last from which I understand with great pleasure that you and the family was all well. They are commencing to grant furloughs now but they are granting so few that my chance is very poor for that. I hate to apply for one and besides there is some here that they have never been at home since the commencement of the war and I think them are more entitle to a furlough than I am and they will be the first ones to get it, but I am pretty shure that I will get one next winter. At this time they are only granting furloughs to two men out of every hundred, and when these two men will come back there will be but one going home out of the same number. The length of the furlough is only fifteen days. There is one out of our company going home this time. His name is Charles Gilliland and lives with\nMajor Haynes. By next winter the furloughs will be more numerous and of longer time and then, perhaps, I will get chance to come home myself and I have no doubt I will come home sometime next winter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Arrington sends his best respects to you and so does the Gilberts. John Hepler was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg and we haven't seen him since. We are looking for him almost every day but he hasn't come yet. It is not known where he is, some says that he never crossed the river and that in Yankeedom yet but now don't know exactly where he is. He was slightly wounded in the arm, and he came from Gettysburg to the banks of the Potomac a distance of about fifty miles by himself and we surely thought he had crossed the river but since that time we heard that he never did.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are camping here about Orange Court House and have been here for about three weeks and likely we will stay here good while longer yet and resting pretty well. There is no prospect of any fighting now, and some thinks that we will have no more fighting here or at least no big fighting and I don't think we will much more fighting here neither except we might have another big fight here and that it will be about the last. Some thinks that there is an armistice now, but unknown to us. I would be glad if this\nwar was to stop so that we might all come and mind our business at home. I think if fighting will setlle this matter there has been fighting enough now, and if fighting wouldn't settle it, there is no use of any more bloodshed, for it is the general belief among the soldiers and in foreign countries that fighting can't settle it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have preaching here every day and three times on holy days. Yesterday was a feast day by the command of President Davis and there was a great many assembled around the altar for the purpose of worshipping God, and pray for peace, and there was good many ladies came to our camp to preaching from the neighborhood around here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have to pay thirty five cents pound for flour here now, one dollar dozen for ginger cakes and very small at that, dollar a piece for pies, dollar a dozen for apples, dollar a dozen for roasting ears, four dollars per pound for soap. The corn crop here looks very promising, the corn about here is of the best I ever saw and there has been rain enough during this summer about here to keep every thing from suffering. The people about here are just now beginning to plow for wheat, and I begin to think that I ought be at home to plant some myself, but I am afraid there will be no plowing done by me this fall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Mr. Lee Pursinger and to all the neighbors around you, to mother and Russia and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband till death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrite to me and direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi, Co. C., 27th Regt. Va. Vols., Stonewall Brigade, Second Army Corps, ANV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nAugust 27th, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote you a letter last week but not seeing any answer for it I thought I would write you this present one that you may know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. It was just yesterday that I saw an extract from a Northern paper in the dayly Richmond Sentinel in which John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence were reported as prisoners of war at Fort Delaware. Hepler and Reynolds were both slightly wounded. David Pence never was in the engagement and he must have been picked up straggling out by the yankee cavalry. We all thought that Hepler and Reynolds were both at home untill yesterday evening, when we saw it in the Sentinel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you only that we are all well in the company. George Tingler was sick for two or three days but he is now getting better. You may look for me at\nhome next winter on furlough. I think I stand a pretty good chance to come next winter. I hope that the war will be over next summer and we will all come home for good.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and for Mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill\ndeath.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda\u003cbr\u003e\nSo good by for this time\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 3, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife I received your letter of the 8 of August last from which I understood with great pleasure that you and the rest of the family were all well, but sorrow to hear that you had been sick. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are laying here in camp yet doing nothing but guard duty. All the boys are well in general. Thomas M. Arrington's\n[leg] is breaking out again the same one that he got hurt last fall coming home on the cars. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast, and he never spoke a word after he was\nshot, he fell forward and died in an instant. He got killed early in the morning in the first charge, he was left in the field unburied because the yankees fell in possession of the battlefield on the left in which we were fighting. But of course he was burried by the yankees, as it is the rule that the party that falls in possession of the battle field burries the dead.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds, and David Pence are prisoners at Fort Delaware. John R. Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded and they were taken\nby the yankee in a raid made on our wagon as they were crossing the south mountain in Pennsylvania coming from Gettysburg. Lee Gilbert is dead, he died in two or three days after he got wounded and David Gilbert got well. The last time we heard from there he was walking about. James A. Rawlins our regimental hospital steward who stayed\nbehind in Pennsylvania with doctor Sayers to take care of our wounded, just lately came through the lines under flag of truce brought the above news about the Gilberts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou seems to be anxious about my coming home on furlough but there is no chance for me at present. I would like to come home myself but I don't think I'll get chance to come\ntill next winter unless they get to grant the furloughs more numerous than they do now. I think you may look for me next winter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI saw Brother George about a month ago and he was well at that time. I don't know where he is now, because he was marching at the time I saw him nor does he know where I am now because we have moved the camp since, and I can't get out here to go and hunt for him, for I may have to hunt for several days before I'll find him, and I can't get a pass for that long time to get out of the camp. He told me that he is hardly ever sick and that he enjoys his health in the army as well as when he was out of the army and that he thought he wasn't made to be killed or die in the army. But I will try get a pass for twenty four hours as soon as I can and look for him and will tell him to write\nhome.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will please tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is with his regiment and he is well. He has been seen by George Gilbert about nine or ten days ago, and by Arrington about two or three days ago, and he was well at that time and with his company. I would go over and see him myself, but they are so strict on us that we can't\nget out of the camp without a pass from our Major General and they wouldn't grant but one pass a day out of each company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect there is soldiers at home all the time on furlough, but there is no soldiers at\nhome now in Alleghany from this army except they have been wounded and unable for duty except one from our company, whose name is Charles Gilliland and lives with Major Haynes and three or four of the Alleghany roughs, who received a furlough for fifteen days. And if there is any others at home besides them that I mentioned they are\nat home on French furlough, that is I am now speaking about this army, but from the army of North Western Virginia they can come home almost any time as they are\nallways in camp and close enough home to go and back in days and they generally keep at a pretty good distance from the enemy, therefore they can come home almost\nas often as they please, because their presence in the army is not so strictly required. But here in this army we have too much fighting and marching to do to be absent from our command and we are therefore kept under strict discipline.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will finish writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nGive my best respects to Mother and Russia and to all the neighbors. So good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 25, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of September 11th came to hands last night which afforded untold pleasure in hearing that you and mother and Russia was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You told me in your letter that you hadn't received a letter for almost five weeks but that is the postmaster's falt for I haven't let a week pass without writing to you. I haven't received a letter from you for almost four or five weeks neither except the one I received last night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have had no peace for a good while. We have been marching about for opposite of ten days. The enemy is in our front and we look for a battle soon. We have been throwing up breastworks a whole night, but I don't expect that it will do us much good for the yankees never did attack us in our fortifications yet. Whenever we fortify in one place they go and attack us in another, in fact they are too smart to attack us wherever we are fortified for they can't whip us out of our fortifications let alone in the fortifications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think I will come home next winter on furlough perhaps fifteen days. I don't think there will be any furloughs granted for any longer time than that. I know I am entitled to a furlough next winter, whether I'll get it or not I am not able to tell lyou, but I think I will get one. I would like to come home and see you all but there is no chance at present for me. I saw Geroge several\ntimes and not later than last week and he was well.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you would like to know what became of Lee and David Gilbert. Lee is dead from a wound received at Gettysburg. He didn't live but two or three days after he was wounded. David was wounded also in the same battle but he is well now and he is prisoner of war in the North, and he may be exchanged before long. John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence are at Fort Delaware. John Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded, but I expect they are both well by this time. We did not know what had become of David Pence at first till here about a month ago, when we saw his name on the paper, saying that he was at Fort Delaware prisoner. He got lost from us the night before the battle and therefore he wasn't engaged. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast and died instantly. His body was left on the battle field in the hands of the enemy, and to be burried by the enemy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe health of our men here now is most excellent, we scarcely hear of any sickness at all. I weigh now one hundred and forty seven pounds, and I never did weigh more than a hundred and forty nine in my life. We are getting very scanty rations too. The weather here now is very\ngood. I suppose you have heard of the battles they have had in tennessee where our men whipped the yankees and took about seventy pieces of artillery, and about then thousand prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wish this war was over for I am getting tire of soldiering but I don't see any prospect of peace till Lincoln administration lasts and he has yet more than a year to administer the Federal Government, and it lays in his power either to make peace or carry on the war. My time of enlistment will be out next Spring, but I expect to soldier untill the land is blessed with peace, and every body else may as well conclude to do the same or be considered as deserters, for the man that will not be willing to soldier he'll be forced into it. Neither do I expect that anybody will be exempted from the service because he put in substitutes for I believe that they will take in substitutes and all next spring.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am sorry to hear that Micahel Aritt was taken prisoner for I believe he was trying to soldier as well as he could, although contrary to the will of his father and mother, but he, though against the will of his mother, is not a bushwacker like good many others, and answers to his country's call. I believe that if all of these bushwhackers and deserters would come in to the army we\ncould whip the yankees [thoroughly] and have peace by next winter. For such people as bushwhackers I have no good feeling. I don't care if they were all drowned although they be my best friend and brothers, because I believe they are reason why this war goes on so long.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas M. Arrington and James C. Gilbert are both well, and send their compliments to you all. I shall bring my letter to a close by giving you and mother and Russia my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStonewall Brigade, twenty miles below Orange Court House\u003cbr\u003e\nOctober 6, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nThough I wrote to you a letter about ten days ago for which I haven't yet received any answer, I will write you another one, and thinking that my letter never came to hands perhaps this will, for I think that not one third of my letters never reach their destiny, because I get just about one letter from you for every three I write to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours of September the 11 came to hands on the 24 and had just written you day before, and I thought I would wait till I got an answer for the one I had written, but having wayted for nearly two weeks for an answer from you and never seeing any coming I thought I would write to you\nthis present one that you may know that I am well, hoping that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying all the health that you may desire, together with Mother and Sister Russia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are under marching orders, and yesterday evening we had to cook our two days ration and pack up our knap sacks and ready to march at a moment's warning, but we have had such marching orders good many times before since we came across the mountain and never march afterward, so that we don't think that we will march this time. There is the Rapidan River between us and the enemy, a stream not any larger than Pots Creek in some places only it is deeper. We are in sight of each other. There is only about two hundred distance between the pickets and right in sight of each other but they never shoot at each other, but they talk with each other and sometime they exchange papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is supposed that the yankees are taring up the rail road and burning the ties as we could hear all last night a continual jingle of rail road iron, and could see fires all along the rail road and we saw with a glass yesterday, a train of wagons moving entirely from us. There is\ncertainly some movement on hands among them, and if it is so that they are destroying the rail road, they intend to give up these countries, because if they intended stay here they wouldn't certainly be destroying the railroad so necessary for the subsistance of their army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe saw an extract in our paper taken from some of the Northern papers, which said that the army of the Potomac has told for its self and that there wouldn't be no more fighting on the Potomac, except may be some skirmishing, or cavalry fighting. They reinforcing the South Western army and if they subjugate the South it will be from the South West, they have already found out that they can't whip the South by coming in this way.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope that twelve months from now will bring peace. Tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is well and with his regiment. I think I will get a furlough next winter and come home for a while. You must send me some socks, a pair of woolen gloves, some red pepper if you can by the first opportunity offered. If you can buy me three or four good pair of woolen socks, and a pair of woolen gloves for next Winter and send them to me by as soon as you can I will\nbe very much obliged to you, for we can't draw nothing here except cotton socks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Lee A.B. Terry, to Mr. Pursinger, and to all the enquiring friends and keep a share for your self and mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou must write to me soon and pay for the letters that you write for we don't get any letters unless they are paid for.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive Mrs. Sara Johnson my best respects. There is some talk about our regiment coming to Western Virginia under General Echols but I don't know how true this is nor when it will be, and perhaps never.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Coul Pepper [Culpeper] Courthouse\u003cbr\u003e\nOctober 21, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the six instant came to hands day before yesterday which gave great deal of satisfaction to learn that you and the family were both well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI saw George yesterday and I see him very often, he is as well as he could be expected. As Mr. Lamby is here now and got chance to send this letter by hand, I thought I would\nwrite to you this present letter and enclose twenty dollars, which you will receive and spend them as you need them. We have got payed off this morning and got thirty four dollars for two months that is for July and August. We shall soon have another pay day for September and October and in that pay we will get our clothing money. I expect I will get opposite of one hundred dollars and will try to send you some of it the next chance I get.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is some talk of our regiment coming to Western Virginia as soon as we'll get settled here for the Winter. We have been on a march for twelve days, and we expected\nto have a fight with the yankees but they didn't stand their own ground when they heard that we were coming, they ran away during the night. We left our old camp on the other side of the Rapidan River on the eight of this month and in three days march got to Coulpepper [Culpeper] Courthouse where the yankees had fixed themsleves nice\ncomfortable winter quarters, and stopped about five miles from the place to cook rations and be ready for the fight the next day, but the enemy having heard of it made\nhis escape at two o'clock in the morning. They even didn't have time to gather up their blankets and shoes but they were rushed out and crossed the Rappahannock River that\nnight. We took after them the next day and after two day's march overtook them again at this side Manassas Junction late in evening.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral A.P. Hill cut off their line of march in two in that case. We lost about one hundred and fifty killed and wounded but it was through bad management of General\nHeath or Hill that we lost so many killed. One North Carolina Brigade did pretty much all the fighting and they were badly whipped just for not having any support close at hand. The yankees had three Brigades engaged and about twenty cannons and we only one brigade and six pieces of cannons, but after reinforcement came up we took possession of the road they were marching on and cut off good many, but being nearly night and not having time to fight them, they got away and made their escape. We were all disapointed because we expected the yanks would make a stand some where but they kept going and when we'd catch up with them in evening they would get away during the night and have two or three hours os start on us, they done that twice, the cavalry done all the fighting in this trip.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have got about two or three thousand prisoners on this trip principally stragglers who couldn't keep up and the balance cavalry. We are now returned on this side of the\nRappahannock, after having broken up all the rail road from Manassas to the Rappahannock and burned all the ties, we expect to go now in a regular camp, where we may remain till next Spring unmolested. The yankees have been whipped often enough here in Virginia to come here again to fight us, it is believed by northern editors that the army of the Potomac has fought her last battle, and that it is useless to fight any longer here in Virginia so that the war will be removed from here to Tennessee and Kintucky and we shall have some fine time here. They have lately been whipped in Tennessee also and I believe that before twelve months these hostilities shall cease and they will let us depart in peace. It is said that Generals Heath and A.P. Hill are both under arrest for having thus managed the fight willfully bad. If the thing had went on right, we could have got a big fight out of them, whipped them bad and got nearly all their wagons and commissaries and a large quantity of prisoners, because their army is\nnow composed almost all of substitutes and conscripts and they don't care whether they fight or not, because they were forced in to it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI shall finish writing by giving you my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best Respects to Miss Russia and Mother to Mrs. Sarah Johnson to Mr. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends. Enclosed you will find twenty dollars. Excuse\nmy bad writing because I wrote in the hurry because Mr. Lamby might start before I get letter written.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 1, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at present and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now and have been drawn up in line of battle for several days and a battle is looked for any time. Our Division had a fight day before yesterday in which we lost\nabout four hundred killed wounded and missing and I had the luck of coming out safe. I haven't time to give you much news at present as we are drawn up in line of battle\nthrowing up breastworks and expecting an attack at any time so I shall close up my letter by giving you and the family my best respects and will reamin your affectionate\nhusband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Gilbert got wounded day before yesterday on his league [leg] but there was no bone broken in his leg. He was the only one hurt in our company. You will excuse the\npencil writing because I could get no ink to write with here. Write to me as soon as you get this and let me know how you are getting along.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 4, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful Sabath morning in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they\nmay find you enjoying the same blessings. I have no particular news to tell you at this time. We are laying in camp here about seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse where we expect to stay for the winter provide the yankees don't make no new movements. They were offered battle about two\nweeks ago but they began to run so fast that we couldn't hardly keep up to them and when we did overtook them it was late in the evening and they got away during the\nnight, so we don't expect that we'll have any more fighting in the part of the army till next spring.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope that I will get a furlough sometime next winter but I am not certain of it. There is good many ahead of me and they will certainly get a furlough before I will but I think that the furloughs will be granted more numerous, and thus I will be able to get one myself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell George Kemper that Billy Kemper is not now with his regiment, he was send away from here sometime in September, he has received a sick furlough home and has never returned yet. Tell him that when he writes to him just to direct his letters thus, Mr. William P. Kemper, Co. C, 42 Reg. Va. Vols, Johnson's Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. I allways thought that Mr. Kemper was with his regiment untill the other day when I went to look for him. I don't know him when I see him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI send you twenty dollars in the last letter that I send you and when you write to me I want you to tell me whether you have received or not. The letter was directed to you and in the care of Mr. Lee Pursinger and sended it by Mr. Lamby and as the gentlemen has been to Alleghany and back again here now I will send you this present one the same\nway and by the same gentleman. You must write to me soon and tell me how you are getting along.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe will soon have another payday and will send you some more money. I can't send anything except money, there is nothing that I can buy to send you, except to send you\nlittle money every once an while. You must try to get along the best way I can. Give my best repects to Mother and Sister Russia, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, to Mr. and Mrs.\nPursinger and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Orange Court House\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 15, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 25 of the last month came to hands three or four days ago from which I derived the welcomed information that you and the family and neighbors in general were all enjoying the same state of health in which I have always wished you all remain. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you all enjoying the same.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou haven't wrote to me about them twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. Lamby but I supposed that when you wrote to me this letter you hadn't yet received them, but I hope that you have got them before this time and when you will write to me you will tell me whether you have receive them or not. Besides the money I have sended you two religious newspapers in which you will find a heap of good reading and no doubt you will pass off a good deal of your lonesome time and profit you very much.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to write to you at this time. We have had severall movements but no fighting of any consequence yet. We are now again camped this side of the Rapidan. The yankees make good many demonstrations but I don't think they have intention to fight, they only want make us believe that they are going to fight us in order to keep us from reinforcing General Bragg. It is the general belief that there will be no more fight here till next spring.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe get very scanty rations now. Since I commenced writing this letter we had orders to cook two days rations and be ready to march at moments warning. There was a heavy\ncannonading down the Rapidan this morning and it may be that we will have a general engagement soon. We have just now receive orders to move at once. So nothing more at present but to Remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 21, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that yours of the 9th instant came duly to hands last night which afforded me great deal of satisfaction in hearing that you was well with the balance of the family. I don't feel very well today but am still doing duty and I don't think it will amount to very much, and will soon get better, for it is nothing but head ache and pains about my back. But I hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying better health than I do at present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that I have no news of any importance to write to you at present, they keep us moving about right smart, for we hardly stay two or three days stationary at place before we move again, but it looks very much that there will not be no more fighting in this part of the country till next spring. Whenever you write to me you must tell me all that you know about the yankees, for I understood that they have been again in Alleghany. I am very sorry that you couldn't get any wheat sowed, and I wish that I was at home to sow some for you but I am afraid that it will be some time yet, before I'll\nget chance to come home. I hope though that I will get chance to come home next winter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI must tell now that there was sent here from Staunton a whole lot of clothes especially for the brigade, and that we all had chance to draw anything we want in the way of\nshoes, drawers, shirts, pants, and jackets. I drew a very good jacket and pants and shirts and drawer, this was far the best clothing for winter we drew for long time so that\nwe are all of this brigade supplied of good warm clothing. I shall quit writing for this time by giving you my best respects and also to mother and Russia and will remain\nyour affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that Thomas W. Rose is sick and was send away to the hospital about two weeks ago. I haven't seen George for sometime now. If you have any chance\nyou can let Thomas W. Rose people know that he is not now with the company and that they not send letters here to him for Captain Clark has three or four of his letters and\ndon't know what hospital to send them. We have had no snow here yet it is raining here today. We have had some very warm days for this [time] of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 5, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI have written you a letter a few days ago but not having wrote to you all that I should have written I come to write to you this present one in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same sort of blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I wrote to you the last time I should have told you that George Poor got wounded in the shoulder on the 27 of November last by a minie ball. It was a bad wound but not\nmortal. I just now found it out and did not know anything about his being wounded, a man in our company just went over today to George's company to see some of his\nrelations, and brought me the news when he came back that George was wounded. He is now in some hospital but don't know where and will write to you where he is as soon\nas I find it out, but it may be some time before I do find out where he is.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at this time only that we are laying still in camp. All the Yankees went back across the river without much fighting. They found out that they\ncouldn't whip us and they went back over the river. It may be that they will not come back any more untill next spring provide the winter sets in soon but if the weather\nremains good.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Tingler is sick, took sick last night just like he did last fall with a pain on his left side. The doctor applied a muster plaster to it and the pain disappeared but he is not well yet although he is a heap better than he was last night. Thomas W. Rose is sick in General Hospital number 2 Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf you get chance to send me anything you will please to send me one of the comforts that I send home last spring but if the winter be about over before you get chance to\nsend it you need not mind it but you can send me some socks any time you get chance because I haven't a pair to my foot now and there is no chance to draw any from the\ngovernment. As it is getting dark and haven't time to write any more I shall wind up my letter by giving my best respects onto all the family and neighbors and will remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and Terry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 16, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with great pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful day to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written you several letters for which I have not yet received any answer. I hope that you will not put it off writing when you get this letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you of any importance at this time only that we are laying still in camp doing nothing. I suppose you have heard that George Gilbert was wounded in the battle of Germana Ford on the 27 of November last in one of his legs only a flesh wound but it was a pretty bad one. I have written you in one of my previous letters that George Poor was wounded on the same day pretty bad but not mortally. They were both send out to the hospital but don't know where. George Tingler is getting better and he is now near just about as well as ever. Thomas W. Rose was send to the hospital sick little better than a month ago and he is in Lynchburg, Virginia General hospital number two.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will please to try to get me some socks, some red pepper, some soap and send them to me by the next opportunity offered. You will please to send me also one of them comforts that I send home last Spring by Lee Persinger and my Catholic prayer book as soon as you can. We will draw our pay in two or three weeks from now and will send you some money by the next chance I'll get.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know what time I will get chance to come home this winter there is good many before me to get furloughs yet and they are letting might few to go home at time now\nonly one out every fifty is allowed to go home at time but I hope that after while they will grant them more numerous and will then have chance myself to get one.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will finish my letter by giving you mother and Sister my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Lee Persinger and Terry and to all the neibors. So good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp 27th Va Regiment Near Orange Court House\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 9, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 4 instant came duly at hands last night which afforded great deel of pleasure in hearing that you and the family were all well. This leaves me well at present\nand hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. Dear I have no news of any importance to tell you at present, only that we are all in pretty comfortable winter quarters and doing nothing but guard, and picket duty. Our ration of meat has been reduced to a quarter of a pound of bacon per day, or three quarters of a pound of beef, but they are giving us lard in place of it. Besides we draw sugar, rice, coffee, and dried fruit pretty often. Our flour rations is eighteen ounces per day yet, and very likely to be so for the winter. Myself and Mr. Gibson have a shanty of our own that we built, and sleep together. He is cooking for the preacher, the doctor, the adjutant, and the Regimental stewart, and they are paying him extra wages, and we get plenty to eat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI don't want you to send me anything by mail except letters, for it is so uncertain, if you want send me anything send it to me by hands or don't send it at all and I'll try to do without it, rather than to [lose, have]. I am entirely bare footed but I think I'll get shoes today or tomorrow, but as for socks there [none] to be drawn and haven't had a pair on me for two months. The winter is going along pretty well and after while it will be warm enough to go without socks, I hope, but if I had couple pairs now, and one of my comforts, I would be very glad. Whenever you get chance, to send it by hands, I want\nyou to send me my Catholic prayer book, a pair of socks or two provide you can get them, and my comfort.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wish I could come home on a furlough but I expect it will be way late in the winter or Spring before I'll get one, but my turn will come sometime, and you may look for me at home sometime this winter or next Spring. I would like to know how you all are getting along for something to eat, you all have no chance to make money to buy flour because it is so high, and there is nobody at home, to do any thing for you all so that I am afraid that either you are, or will have to suffer. I can not help you much, because my wages are only seventeen dollars per month. However there is about one hundred dollars coming to me next pay day, which is now due, of which I shall try to send you fifty, next opportunity I'll meet. You must try to get along the best way you can, for I cannot help you much and I'll come home as soon as I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext Spring my term of service of three years will be over, but I expect that we will, all, have to stay in, for during the war, and there will be no men discharged from the service at all, except them unfit for duty, but if they, next Spring, give us chance to reinlist and join any command we please, I have concluded to come West. It seems to me that the war is going to be a long one.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe weather is very fine here today, we haven't had but two little snows, it snowed night before last about two inches deept but it is going away very fast. The ground is frost here very deep. You must give my best respects to George [Roore], George Gilbert, Thomas W. Rose, Lee H. B. Terry, to Mother, Sister Russia, to all the neighbors and\nkeep a share for yourself, and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill Death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Gibson sends you his best respects and he is [well]. Mr Arington sends you his best repsects and he is well also, the boys are generally well. There is but very little sickness in the army.\u003cbr\u003e\nSo good by\u003cbr\u003e\nMr. Gibson sends you a tract for you read.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 8, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this morning to let you know that I arrived here last friday night safe at camp. Our brigade had been on picket for about thirteen\ndays on account of them yankee raids in our rear and the balance of our division been out on a march toward Chancellorsville, they came to camp again last sunday and they relieved us yesterday. All our troops have returned to camp and settled down again, it was nothing but a yankee raid trying to take Richmond and burn it relieve the yankee prisoners and hang Jeferson Davis, but they failed in all that. General Dalgreen was killed and his party dispersed. General Killpatrick made his escape in Butler's line. He was in full command of the Yankee raiding cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Gibson started out on his furlough yesterday morning and he will get home tonight. I am now cooking in his place for the doctor and the preacher untill he'll come back. I am sorry to tell you that Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack at Millboro with everything that he had in it my things and his things both, he said he laid his knapsack on his boxes on the platform and hadn't left it no more than ten minutes when somebody stole it from him. He says that he thinks it was some of the provost guard at that place. Whenever you get chance you will please to send me another pair socks. I want neither gloves nor comfort any more this winter and if I had another pair of socks I could make out for this winter. Lee A.B. Terry is not in camp now he was send off sick sometime before I got here and don't know where he is. You must try to write to me as soon as you get this so I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 24, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is a pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you a letter on the tenth of this month for which I haven't yet received any answer. Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack in coming to the army and everything it contained. He said that of the provost guard stole it from him at Millboro so that he lost everything that you had\ngiven him to fetch me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe snow fell about a foot deep here day before yesterday however the weather is very nice now. There was great snowbowling yesterday. It first commenced between the 27th and 33d Regiment and after about an hour of snow bowling the 4th regiment took our part and reinforced us, and the 2d Regiment reinforced the 33d, in about an hour afterward the fifth Regiment reinforced the 4 and 27th and snowbowled the 2d and 33d out of their camp. Afterward the whole brigade joined together again and attacked Rodes Division. Some of the 4th Brigade Louisianians and some of the 33d Brigade of our Division joined our Brigade. Rodes division turned out and ran our fellows into camp. Brigadier General Doles was commanding Rodes Divison. We had no generals ingaged on our side except some colonels\ntook part in the fun. Some rascal or other nocked General Doles in the head with a rock and cut right smart gash in it. He fell off of his horse but he wasn't out the field more than half an hour when he returned again.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn evening the long roll was beaten in our brigade and Louisiana Brigade and turned out again. Our Brigadier General took the field and commanded our Division. Rodes's Division was waiting on us we went and attacked them and ran them out of their camp, thus ended the 23 of March. It was all nice fun except with Brigadier General Doles some had pick at him and took out of him in that way. I shall cease writing by giving you all my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I came back I received a letter from Mary T. Winebrenner inquiring of me about her husband. I don't know neither her nor her husband and she says the news came from you that I was aquainted with her husband. I wrote to his Captain yesterday about C. Winebrenner and\nas soon as I get an answer from him I will write to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 5, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 21 of March last came to hands yesterday from which I was glad to hear that you was well. This leaves me well at present and I hope that when these few lines\nwill come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news of importance to tell you at this time, only that the weather is very bad and disagreable here now. Our brigade just came off pickett yesterday evening.\nEverything is peaceable here now, nothing going on. The officers have been reduced down to same rations as the privates and it is issued to them just the same as it is\nissued to us. Neither are they allowed to buy any from the Commissary department. The company officers are drawing with their companies and to the field officers it is weighed out to them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am sorry to tell you that there is a man in our company just now dying his name is George Harmon. He lives down on Jackson's River. He took sick last Sunday and died (I\nexpect is dead now) this morning. He was a very strong man.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote to Staunton to the priest for another prayer book, and just got it yesterday with two tracts and three cards. Enclosed you will find a tract and a card in this here letter for you. I sort of think that Thomas W. Rose done something with the things that you sended me by him and he just tells me as an excuse that somebody stole them from\nhim. I have a notion to charge him for it but I have a fear that I shall have to take it out in charging.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received a letter, sometime ago, from Mary F. Winebrenner enquiring into the whereabouts of her husband saying that she heard that I knew him, and knew where he\nwas and that I had tole you about knowing him. I am uterly stranger of either Mrs. or Mr. Winebrenner, neither do I recollect of having ever heard such name, but I wrote to his captain about him and haven't yet received any answer about him. He belongs to George's old company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. [Salander] spoke to me about that pistol as I was coming to the army and told him you will take six bushels of corn for it, he said, then, that he hadn't the corn to spare at that time, and I told him that you would wait till the next crop would come, he then said that he would try to raise some. You do as you please with it I think the pistol is worth six bushels of corn and if you can help it don't let him have it for any less.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will quit writing, by giving you, Mother, Sister, Brother George and family my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stone Wall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 22, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at present, we are to pack up everything we have today and be ready to march tomorrow morning. It is said we are going on picket and that we are\nto camp some where nearer to our picket lines, but none of us knows where we shall go, all we know is that we will abandon our winter quarters tomorrow morning never\nmore, perhaps, to return to this camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe weather is most beautiful here now and the roads will soon be in marching order and we look for the Spring campaign close at hands. Meantime our troops have been\ncheered up by the victories that our armies have lately achieved in North Carolina and in Transmississippi Department. General Banks have been defeated in the\nTransmississippi Department with the loss of eight thousand men including killed wounded and missing, thirty five pieces of artillery, two hundred wagons. In North\nCarolina they have been defeated with the loss of twenty six hundred prisoners, one Brigadier General and several pieces of Artillery. General Forrest captured Fort Pillow\nand out of seven hundred yankees defending it four hundred negroes, and three hundred whites, he only took one hundred prisoners. The balance were all killed including the comandant of the fort. All these little victories are very encouraging to us and could we only whip Grant it would be very encouraging to us and very discouraging\nto the enemy. I think we will soon have a trial of it, and I am pretty confident that if General Grant comes over the Rapidan River to fight us over here in our breastworks he\nwill get pretty badly whipped.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis here makes the fifth letter that I have written you since I got back from furlough and haven't received but two from you. I have received them things that you sended me by George Gilbert. I think that this year is the last year of the war provide we can whip the enemy next summer. I hope that we will all come home next winter. I am pretty tire of this war by this time but there is no chance for us unless the war stops for we shall all have keep fighting untill the yankees give us up or untill we shall be subjugated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is great revival among the churches in this army. There is at least three times as many more converts in this year than there was last spring. Mr. Gibson is one of them and good many others of our company. John Baker of Covington is to be baptised today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are to cook four days rations this evening. I wish I could give some of my coffee that I have on hands. I have nearly half pound on hands ahead of my regular ration, but we are too far apart for me to give to you. The meat is the most scarse article we are getting and that is only a quarter of a pound per day scarsely enough. But considering the times we are doing very well, we done even better this winter than we did did last. Last winter we drew [best] on ration or two of coffee, and but very little sugar. This winter we drew coffee and sugar regular. They are making out to give us some clothing every once and a while so that there is not much complaining in camp. I myself am afraid that we'll have heap harder time in the way of rations than we ever had yet before this war closes. As soon as we draw any money I shall send you some by the first opportunity. Please write to me as soon as you can. Give my best respects to Mother, Russia, and to all the enquiring friends and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Gibson sends his best respects and he is well. Clarington Gilbert told me to write to you in my letter to tell Russia to write to him.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Dear Miss- \nI received yours of the 24 instant just yesterday evening from which I understand with the greatest pleasure that you was well and also the whole of the family, with the whole of the neighbors around you. This leaves me enjoying a perfect good health as it has been the case always. We have had right merry Christmas, we had plenty to eat such as it was and plenty to drink, pretty near the whole of Holloway's company was drunk. The Captain bought about 10\nor 15 gallons of liquor and gave it to the company, he was right merry himself. The whole of the 27 regiment was almost drunk even the Colonels, they were drunk too.","The last letter I wrote you I told you that we were under marching orders, but we did not know where to and now that we all got back safe, except one killed out of our Regiment, belonging to the Rockbridge Rifles, and another slightly wounded by a shell belonging to the artillery, I can tell you where we have been. We left this camp on Monday morning at three o'clock and reached the Potomac river on the second day after dark, at the dam number five about ten miles above Williamsport, there we remained for four days breaking the dam in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.","The only time that we could work at it was at night in the darkest so as to keep from being shot from the Yankees from the opposite side of the river. They had full view at us in the day time, we had to descend down on the dam from a high precipice of steep rocks while they on the other side they had a small hill, which was in cultivation, to descend to the dam and had a full view at us. We, in the day time, had to march way from there and go out in the countries where we had a full view of then and then march back again in the night after about seven o'clock. We had left our tents about midway between here and the river, therefore we had no tents to sleep in, neither could we make any fire in the night in order to keep from being seen by the enemy, but we [had] good overcoats and blankets enough to keep from freezing.","There was a great large mill just below the dam, and was burn'd up by the shells thrown in there by the enemy on the second night. A company from our regiment called the Rockbridge Rifles was in the mill guarding those that were working on the dam just as the mill was set a fire from the other side they came out and that was when one of them got killed by a bombshell. They had a narrow path to go through where no more than one at a time could pass and the Yankees were throwing balls as fast as they could at the same time. Some of them remained behind rocks all day and came out at night about ten or fifteen remained there\nall day and didn't come out till night. I anxious to see the Yankees crept up behind rocks and remained there hid for about an hour and shot several times at the Yankees. After I got tire to stay there I got up and walked off, and as I was going away from my hidden place I believe\nthere was no less than five or six shot at me but none of them hitted me, it was almost too far off to be killed by a ball although there was several of the Yankees shot we could see them laying on the ground and when they were falling.","There was a constant shooting from each side of the river from morning till night, it was no regular battle only for those that wanted to fight could go and take up a position on this side of the river and fire away as much as they wanted. The general came by one evening and looked very much pleased at the boys and said pitch in boys it is a free fight. We killed a good many Yankees and they only killed one of us. After we succeeded in breaking the dam, we came back to our old camp where we now are. It is believed that we shall leave here and go to Romney to have a fight with the Yankees. This is the general belief, that we will march in a day or two and if we go Romney we shall have a hard fight in driving away the enemy from behind\ntheir fortifications. They are just now taking a list of all the cartridges we have in order to give us a full supply and march us off to Romney. I have a heap more to tell you but I haven't time to do it for we have to go out on a general review. So goodbye. I send you my likeness also. So Goodbye. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Miss Sarah A.V. Poor \nWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letter where you did the last one.","Camp Near Winchester Va. \nJanuary 28, 1862","Dear Sir: \nI take this favorable opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same. I received your little box that you send me yesterday, with two pair of gloves, a vest and a pair of socks. I sold the vest for three dollars and a half. I had bought me a vest last Christmas in Winchester and therefore I didn't need it and sold a pair of gloves\nfor one dollar and a half. I kept a pair of gloves and the pair of socks for myself.","We arrived here on the 25 from Romney and don't know how long we shall remain. We were under marching orders this morning but the order was countermanded on account of the weather which was raining very hard this morning. We don't know how long we shall stay here now; we may stay here few days longer. We were going about 4 miles from here to build shanties for the winter. We had a hard march during the whole time. We left Camp Stevenson on the New Years Day early in the morning, and took up our line of march to Bath the county seat of Morgan County.","On the fourth day after our departure, there was a fight expected with the yankees who were 1,400 strong, but there was not much of a fight. Our militia had a little fight with them and there was twenty killed and wounded in our militia. We don't know how many there was killed and wounded on the north side. The volunteers didn't shoot a gun. They didn't even see the yankees. The militia was put in front and we, the volunteers behind, to support them. Our forces consisted of about fourteen thousand, the yankees at the hearing of our approach ran away and did not make any stand. They left behind them two cannons but they spiked them before they left them. They left behind them also the right smart army [sto--], about forty thousand dollars worth. Before we left Bath we destroyed two or three bridges on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and tored up right smart track.","After that we took up our line of march to Romney, but the road was so bad that our wagons couldn't keep up and we had to wait on them for four days at the distance of about 14 miles from Bath, and after our wagons got up we started again and reached Romney on the fourth day. The yankees that were in Romney left also on double quick so that we volunteers had no fight at all except few of our cavalry and the militia. The Yankees in leaving Romeny left behind them about five hundred barrels of crackers, a large quantity of flour, clothing, ammunition, and good many other things from there. After we been there four or five days we took our line of march toward Winchester, which we reached on the third day.","Here we are now camped for two or three days and we may go away tomorrow or after tomorrow but we will not go very far. We are just going three or four miles from here to\nbuild our winter quarters and threr we shall remain for the balance of the winter and have no more marches for this winter. I'll have time to write to you oftner than I did before. The Captain is at home on a furlow and he has all my money. If I had some with me I would send you ten dollars, but the Captain's furlow will soon be out and he'll come back. I will get some money and send it to you.","We had a march of twenty five days. We suffered right smart cold weather during that time, for good many had no tent and they had to lay out on the wet over snow beds and\nsnow falling at the same time. Good many took sick and never will get better. They are dying nine or ten almost every day. There is about three hundred in the hospital\nbelonging to our brigade, the whole of them got sick by the exposure of the weather. Thank goodness I have stood up very well and never got sick yet. I was on every march,\nand did my duty as well as any soldier ever did. I feel very well, only I have a little cough.","Bath is now in posession of our militia and Romney is now protected by about eight thousand volunteers, partly Virginians, South Carolinians, and some from Arkansas. My\ncandle is nearly out and I must quit writing for tonight. So good night Dear Sarah. Good night sleep well. I hope I will see by and by.","January 30","Having some what leisure time this morning to finish my letter, I thought it fit to finish it off and send it to you. We left that Camp in the next morning and marched about six miles to a place where we will remain for the balance of the winter here. We are going to build shanties to live in. As we were going to Romney we passed where the Yankees had been and I saw near all the houses had been burned up by them. The hogs stuck with the bayonet, some shot the cattle, and the sheep were treated like wise. As we were coming from Romney by another road altogether, we met with an equal destruction.","They killed an old shoemaker, and then burned him up in his house. At another place again they killed another man, who had a wife and three or four small children, and\nafterward they set fire to the house driving his wife and children out of the door. The lady tried to go in the house to try to take out some furniture in order to keep it from burning, but they would not let her so that every thing was burned up, with the corpse of her husband. As we were coming by some found some of his bones in pieces and\nthey put them in their pocket as a relic. As soon as that woman saw our brigade coming she began to cry thinking that may be we were yankees.","Dear Miss, I could come home for two months on a furlow by reenlisting for two years longer, for nobody can get any furlow any more unless he reenlist for two years or during the war. But I don't think I will for I have only three months and a half to stay now and then our time will be out, and I don't intend to volunteer any more. I shall belong to the militia myself for I see that the militia don't have so much hard ship to go thru as the volunteers have, and they are getting the same wages and the same kind of rations, and they have more liberty than we. Only the militia has to make the first attack on the enemy, and then the volunteers come in at the last. So I think I'll come and stay at home untill they draft me. Good many have already reenlisted and are gone home on furlow. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and to all of the family also and remain your affectionate lover untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","To Miss Sarah A. W. Poor \nEnclose you will find four envelops with postage stamps on. The name of this Camp is Zollicoffer I think. I haven't quite understood it [quite] well yet but I will tell you the Name of it better some other time. You will please write to me as soon as this comes to hands and direct your letter to \nWinchester Va. Care of Captain L. T. Hollowy. 27th Reg. Va. Vols.","Camp near Bunker Hill, October 24, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few line I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands, may find you enjoying the same blessings. I arrived here yesterday morning safe. We had to walk from Staunton to this place, about one hundred and fifteen miles distant.\nIt is the general opinion of the men and officers that we shall not stay here long, that we shall either advance again into Maryland or retreat back up the Valley on account that we are too far from any railroad branch, and can't get [means] for transportation. There is no yankee of any amount on this side of the Potomac.","I haven't any news to tell you at this time. I haven't been in the camp long enough to learn any. The boys here are as lively as crickets, just as lively as if it was in time of peace, or as if they were at home. There is thirty four men in our compnay fit for duty. Our company makes up\nnear half of the regiment, it is no more than a good company the whole regiment. They nearly all deserted or went home on a French. There is some few sick and wounded but not many. There was only twelve in the Battle of Sharpsburg in Maryland out of our regiment. The balance remained behind, and the most of them never went across the river. Patrick [Hai----], that use to work up on the mountain is dead. He was wounded in the late battle of Manassas in one of his knees and died.","Every thing is quiet here in the Camp. Dear I could not even buy me a sheet of paper in Winchester to write to you. There is none to be bought. The boys are writing on paper that they have captured on the battle field. When ever you write to me you must send me a blank sheet of paper in your letter. The boys say that we shall soon have our pay and if so, I will send you some. Dear I would like to see you, and feel lonesome for you. Give my best respects to mother, Russia, [illegible] and to all the enquiring friends. So nothing more at present but to reamin you affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Allen, Clarke County, VA. \nNovember 2, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith this opportunity I set myself down to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand may find you enjoying the same blessing. I thought I set down this morning to write you these few lines in order to tell you where and how to direct your answers, being that I think I forgot it on my last letter. It is very hard to get paper to write,\nenvelops or postage stamps either. I couldn't a postage stamp in the company and I had to tear a leaf off an old book in order to write you this letter and I am bound to send it without prepayment.","We are soon to have a pay day, and I have about one hundred and fifty dollars of which, if I can get a chance, I want send you one hundred and thirty, and if I don't get chance to send them to you I intend to take a French furlow and fetch them home myself if I can.","I have no news whatever to write to you now. Everything is peacable in the camp, but I don't know how long it will remain so. There has been cannonading heard this morning in the direction of Harpers Ferry, and it is said that the enemy is crossing large force over the Potomac. We don't get chance to see any newspaper at all and have no news to tell you at present. You must write to me as often as you can for I am very glad to hear from you at all times. Dear I am lonesome for you and would like to be with you, but I hope that the Lord will spare my life long enough to come home again and to see peace restored once more in our\ncountry. But there ain't much sign of peace now for I heard the cannons whilst I am writing. The following shall be the dirction with which you shall send me your letter. \nMr. John Garibaldi \n27th Va. Regt. Company C. \nCare of Captain C. L. Haynes \nFirst Brigade \nJackson's Division","Nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. John Garibaldi.","To Sarah A. Garibaldi. Give my best respects to the whole of the family. I haven't been able to see George yet.","Camp Bailor. November 20th 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying the same blessings.","Having somewhat time to spare now and thinking that we are going to have some long march, for we have just received orders to cook a day's ration and be ready to march in the morning by day light, therefore I may not have time to write to you any more for some time. I thought I better write this present in order to let you know that I am well. I have written you three letters and this makes the fourth one and yet I have not received any answer for them and in my last one I have enclosed five dollars and would like to know whether you received them or not.","Please write to me and don't care how often you do write if it is twice a week I'll be very glad to receive them, for nothing will satisfie me but to hear from you. You are the only one that I care for in this world, and I expect that I am the only one that you care for too. Let us not therefore abandon each other, let not distance be the cause of our forgetfulness. Little did we get to stay\ntogether but I hope that, if God wills, we shall reunite ourselves together, again, never to be parted except by death and I hope that we shall never forsake the hour in which we were united together by ties of matrimony, that we shall lead a happy life together and agreeable as\nit becomes two married people. A day is not passing without thinking of the one I left behind.","Dear We were paid out about three weeks ago and I received one hundred and fifty dollars and wish that I could put them in your hands. You said that you'd think yourself rich if you had one hundred dollars in pocket and I wish I could satisfie you to give them to you. To send them\nin a letter I don't like to trust, so that I shall have to wayt an opportunity to send them to you by hands, or untill I come home myself.","Dear I must tell you that I was appointed Sergeant here lately, my pay is now seventeen dollars per month. George Gilbert Was Sergnt himself but was broken on account of his straggling out from the company without permission, as we were marching through Winchester, and stayed away four or five days. David Gilbert was Corporal and was broken\nfrom his office for the same offence. John Hepler is Corporal now in place of David Gilbert himself. There was sever other noncommissioned officers from our company broken for the same offence.","There is some talk about us going back to Camp Zollicoffer where we made our winter quarters last winter, and we will then be stationed in our old shanties that we built last winter. Dear Give my best respects to mother, Russian, Isiah, Sale, and Mary and to all the neighbors. If there is any furlow given this winter I shall get one, for I am entitle to it and come home and stay, and we shall enjoy ourselves ittle more. Dear thre some little talk of peace about the camp, some thinks that next spring will bring peace and we shall all then come home and rejoin our wives once more. Dear I can't get no postage stamps in Winchester. They thought that we were going to evacuate the place and they send them all away so that I can not pay for the letters that I am sending you, but as soon as I can get any I shall commence to pay for the letter. Dear I have no news to tell you now. I shall just end my letter by wishing you all the good that the world can afford you and try to take good care for yourselves so nothing more at present, but remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me as soon as you get this letter and direct your letters all the time to Mr. John Garibaldi, Comapny C., 27th Va. Regt.","Enclose you will find two dollars which you will keep and make use of it as necessity requires you.","To Mrs. Sarah A.V. Garibaldi.","Dear you must write to me at least once a week so good by Dear Wife.","Camp Winder \nJanuary 4, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I hope to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand will find you enjoying the same blessing. I received three letters from you since I have been with the company and have been awaiting the fourth one but I haven't seen it yet. I hastened therefore to write this present one and to tell you to send me one and don't care whether you either write it or buy me one and send it to me so I may get a letter from you.","I have send you sixty seven dollars since I have been in the Company and would like to know whether you received it or not. I have more to send you but would like to know if you got that I send you before I send you any more. I send fifty dollars enclosed in a letter to Mr. Pursinger by Mr. Lamby just few days before Christmas which I hope you shall have received before this time. You now can buy yourself a cow if you see one that suits you and if Mother is going to sell that little colt you can buy it too provide you can keep him.","I do not know when I shall get chance to come home. It may be that I'll be able to come home but I think it very doubtful. There is no chance for any furlow at present and I don't know when there will be any. There is a heap talk of peace now in the north, but I wouldn't put no dependence in them. But after while I think they'll get tire to get whipt and they will then give us up for a bad joke but that may not be for a good while.","I have not much to tell you at this time. I wrote to you day before Christmas and told you all the news I knew then about the battle. I have written to MackPherson, to old man [A---] and to Pursinger several times since the battle. [illegible] soon have another pay day. Dear you must write to me as often as you can and beg to take good care for yourself until I come home and stay with you and I hope that we shall never forget the hour in which we were joined together but that bless the day on which you and I were joined together with the ties of Matrimony. I\nshall quit writing by just remind you to write to me and wish you all the good that the world can afford you and remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah A. V. Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall first Virginia Brigade \nCare of Captain Charles L. Wagner.","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 18, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI received your kind and affectionate letter of the fourth instant from which I understood with pleasure that you and the house hold was all well. I would have written to you sooner, but I was on Picket when I received it and had therefore no chance to answer. We came back last night late and I thought I would answer it today.","I received them two pair of socks that you send me by Lee H.B. Terry which I was very glad to receive and stood in need of. Now the next thing I like you to do by the next opportunity offered it is to send me some black and white thread if you can get it anywhere and some hard soap as we can't get any anywhere.","I have only received four letters from you since I have been with the Company and have heard that you have only received four from me, but if I have written four letters I have written a dozen of them. In one of them I have enclosed five dollars in another two dollars in another ten dollars and in another fifty dollars. I have heard that you have received the five dollars the two dollars and the fifty dollars but don't hear anything about the ten dollars. You will please to write to me and tell whether you have received the ten dollars or not. I would send you some more but I am afraid to send them in a letter. But if Henry Gilliland is coming on a furlow which\nI expect he will do before long I will by him. I have applied for one myself but I don't know whether I will get it yet or not. Perhaps I will get one before the winter is over, but it will only be for fifteen days furlow.","I have no news to tell you at this time but to tell you that this leaves me well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C, 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, Jackson's Corps","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 27, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written to you week before last in response to the one that you send me by Lee A.B. Terry, for which I haven't yet, received any answer. Dear you must write to me often for I would like to hear from you every week, for I feel lonesome enough and my getting no letter from you makes me more lonesome still; you will please therefore to write to me weekly if you want please me. I have written to you\nabout a douzen of letters and haven't received but four letters yet.","I have some money to send you but I am afraid to risk it in this letter. The next safe opportunity I will get I shall send you sixty dollars again. If you see a cow worth buying you may buy it provide that mother has feed enough to keep her and if she wants to sell her little coult you can buy it too, and give her the price that she would get from anybody else.","Dear I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we all are enjoying as good health as we ever did. We haven't had any snow here yet, the first snow I have seen this winter it was after we had crossed the blue ridge in coming from the valley, and it didn't stay on the ground\ntwenty four hours but we didn't have any snow here yet, on the contrary is warm enough here now, to go on our shirt sleeves, and it has been so all the time for nearly the whole of this month. But we have had right smart rain here in this month and when it wasn't rayning, it was clear and pretty weather, and warm.","We are under marching orders all the time. We are keeping a day's ration cooked ahead all the time and last night was renewed again, we were expecting to march away from here this morning but we are here yet, and it may be that we will stay here yet for weeks, and it may be that we will have to leave here in an hour from now, so that you see we don't know anything about it. It depend altogether upon the movement of the enemy. The prospects are good here for another fight, the yankees are making appearance before Fredericksburg some time but it is not known whether they are in for good or not, although the papers says that they have already crossed the river but it is northern news, and it aint so, for we haven't saw anything of them yet, but it is the general belief among the camp that they will not try to cross here anymore. The troops are removed from here little at time to other fields, and it may be that the next fight will be somewhere else.","You must send me little soap by the next chance you get, (hard soap I mean) we have to pay dollar per pound here and can't get it at that. You will please to send me little thread black and white if you please, provide you can get it. I have nothing more to tell you at present, but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Please direct to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols., care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nStonewall Paxton's Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, \nnear Fredericksburg.","Let this direction be a permanent one untill I tell you to direct your letters some where else.","Mrs Sarah A.V. Garibaldi \nBy the Politeness of Miss Georgeanne Lockheart","Camp Winder \nFebruary 26, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same blessings. As Henry Gilliland is coming home on a furlough I thought I would send you these few lines although I have written you letter by mail in the begining of this week, and send you another by Lieutenant Clark last week and send you fifty dollars . Whenever you write to me I want you to tell me whether you received it or not the last letter that I received from you was dated the 26 of January. You said that you was going to send me a comfort by somebody but I have one so you need not send it to me.","I have nothing to tell you at this time. I want you to send me some black and white thread and some red peper if you have any. The fifty dollars that I send you by Lieutenant Clark they were enclosed in a letter directed to you and in care of Lee Pursinger. I told him that if he has no time to fetch it to Pursinger himself to leave it with Gilly [J---] or with [McCordy] in Covington and to tell them to give it to Pursinger whenever they get chance. I have nothing more to tell you at present but tell you that I remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To his wife","Give my best respects to mother Sisters and brothers","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nMarch 24, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I received your letter, that you send me by Henry Gilliland, from which I understood with sorrow that Isaiah and Sala had departed from this world. I had heard that Isaiah was so sick that it was [un]likely he would recover in one of your last letters, but you thought that Sala would get\nbetter therefore I did not expect that Sala would die. I am very sorry of all that but my sorrow wouldn't prevail anything. You must try to take care of yourself and do the best you can.","I have send you twenty dollars by Mr. [Gordy] when he left here and have never heard anything of it so whenever you write you must let me know something about and also of them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark. I have received some cakes, some thread and some red pepper that you have sended me by Henry Gilliland. You said that you send me some more soap by the next chance you will get but I must tell you that I have plenty soap now and I don't want anything at present, it is likely that we shall march by and by and I want be as light as possible for I expect we shall have hard time yet before the war will be over.","Johnson Boyar send me a cake sugar by Henry Gilliland. I have not much news to tell you now. You will give my best respects to Miss Sarah Johnson and to Mr. Pursinger. You must write to me oftner if you can. I was in hope of getting a furlow but they have stopped giving them now and there is no more chance of my coming home now untill next winter unless we are all discharged and peace made before that time. I could have got one if Mr. Evans had come back as soon as his was out but he stayed about nine days after his time was out and when he came back there was no more furloes to be recommended so I was out of my furlow,\nbut I hope that we will have peace before next winter and we shall all come home and remain for good.","Give my best respects to George and tell him that he must write to me. Give my best respects to Mother and [Russia] L. also and tell them to take good care of themselves. So nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nWrite as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you use to do","Camp Winder \nMarch 29, 1863","Dear Wife: \nAs we are on the eave of a march and the commencement of the spring campaign I thought it better to write you this letter in order to let you know that I am yet in this camp and well, but every indication seems that we are on the verge of move as we had order to pack up all our extra bagages that we can not carry on our shoulder and send it away to Richmond. The days are getting long and the weather dryer and it shall soon pleasant enough to admit of active movement. I might not have time to write to you as regular as I have done, but you must write to me steadier, and not await to write to me untill you get a letter from me, but just write to me as often as it will be convenient to you. It has been long time since I haven't received a letter from you by mail, don't be too stinger in saving writing paper. This is leaving me well at present except a bad cold and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same good health that you was enjoying when I last saw you.","Although there is a heap of talk about fighting, I think that there wouldn't be as much fighting this summer as there was last summer. There may be a fight or two here and if we whip them I think they give it up provide we don't go to Maryland. But if we go there I think we shall some tall fighting to do. This winter they intended to do active operations with there navy but they have been idle all the winter. The biggest navy ever was witnessed went to threaten Charleston but having arrived to the place of operation they paused and hesitated before the harbor as if they was afraid of attacking it and they have never attacked Charleston yet, and if they don't make an attack within two or three weeks from now I doubt very much whether it ever will be attacked or not, the reason of this is that they have been whipped so often that they are afraid to be whipped again.","The furloughs have been suspended for the present and it is very likely that there will not be any more granted untill next winter, but I hope that by that time we shall have peace and that we shall all come home to stay with our families never to be divided any more unless by death.\nDear you must tell me whether you have received the money that I send you or not. I send you 50 dollars by Lieutenant Clark and when he come home on furlough, and twenty dollars by Mr. McCordy afterward of which I haven't heard anything of it. Dear, if there is anybody administering on Captain Holloway's Estate, you must give that account that I left you to Pursinger and let him make the best of it and get the money if he can.","Dear whenever I come home I will try to fetch you something but I don't know what it will be. If you want anything particular you must write to me about, and if my purse shall contain enough to buy it with I shall be happy to please you, but every thing is so high now that it almost take fortune to buy any thing. At the same time if you may make use of the money that I have send you if you see anything worth buying, and make use of it.","Give my respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson and to all the neighbors around you. To Mr. Pursinger also and keep a [illegible] for yourself, mother Russia and George if this shall come to hand before he shall have gone back to the army and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi \nStill direct you letters as you allways did. So Good by.","Camp Winder \nApril 14, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written three or four letters since Henry Gilliland come home for which I haven't yet received any answer, neither can I tell the falt that keeps me from getting letters from you. If you are out papers you will please write to me and I will send you a blank sheet every time I write. You will please to write me every week weather you get any letters from me or not, and that is the I am doing too wether I get letters or not I write every week. You will please to tell me whether you have received them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark or not and the twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. McCordy the next time you write. If I get chance I shall send you some more money during the next month.","Our wages have been increased four dollars per month and at that rate I am getting twenty one dollars per month. That is to comence the first of January, which it will make it sixteen dollars of extra wages due us by the first of May. We shall be paid off again in the begining of\nMay and there will be fifty dollars due me by that time, and if I get chance to send them to you I shall send you some money during next month, for I don't care about keeping much money with me.","Dear We have been expecting to move from here for more than a weak but we haven't moved yet and I can't tell you how long we shall remain here but I don't [think] we shall stay in this camp much longer provide the weather will keep as drie as it does now, at least that is the general opinion among private soldiers and officers. We have been preparing to move for sometime. We have send away our extra bagages for about two weaks, and only kept with us\na blanket an overcoat and a change of clothes. Whenever we shall go on a march the officers shall have to carry their knapsacks on their backs just like we common soldiers. They were drawing knapsacks from the commissary to day to put their clothes in.","Dear I have no news to tell you now of any importance. You must try to take a good care of yourself. Give my best respects to Mother and Russia and to the neighbors and keep a shear {share} for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Still direct your letters to Mr. John Garibaldi, Company C, 27th Va. \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes, Stonewall Brigade, Trimbles' Division \nNear Fredericksburg","April 30, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You will excuse the\npencil writing as I am now in place where ink is too inconvenient to be procured. We are now in the battle field where the cannons are firing over us and I expect that tomorrow we shall have a general engagement.","I received your truly welcome letter of the 19th instant from which I understood that you and mother and Russia and I was very glad to hear from you. I have no news to tell you at present only that we are in the battle field drawn up in line of battle this evening and that the cannons began to roar this evening. How we will come out I am not able to tell you, but I hope that we will be able to whip them. I shall quit writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband until death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to mother Russia Lucinda Bush Sarah Johnson to Mr. and Mrs. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends and keep a shear {share} for yourself. So good by.","May 9, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this blessed oppurtunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessing. I have written you a letter the last day of April with a pencil because I had no other way to write it and I hope that you have received it and will write to me every time you get chance.","Dear I must tell you that we have been engaged in a hot battle since I last wrote to you and with the help of God I came out safe but out of about forty of our company that went in to the fight last Sunday there was only about thirty came out safe.","Dear I must tell you that Lee A.B. Terry got wounded in wrist. There was six hundred and fifty odd killed out of our brigade and wounded. Our brigade went into battle twice, and the second time charged over the yankee brest works and ran the yankees away from there. Men fell on both side of me and if it had not been that God was with me I believe I'd fell too. I saw a man at my left hand who was shot in the face and when he fell he grabbed me by the legs and I got loose from him by jurking away from him. I expect he wanted me to help him out of the battle field but it was against my order to do it because there was men detailed for that purpose. In that fight I got me a portfolio full of writing paper and envelops which I needed badly and an oil cloth coat, our boys are now well supplied of oil cloths.","We got in the rear of the yankees saturday and we were fighting nearly all night saturday and all Sunday. We got thirty pieces of artillery. I can't tell you how many small arms but we have got any number of them. There was yankee knapsacks enough left on the ground to supply our whole army. The blankets were laying there in piles and were trampelled over by our men in the mudd. I never saw so much waste of property in my life. The enemy was laying behind their breastworks sunday morning with their\nknapsacks off and blankets and when they saw us coming they ran away leaving every thing behind them.","We are now encamped in the wood here close to Fredericksburg but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed by good many that we shall have another battle before long, but I hope that we shall have some rest now for a while for we have been laying out in battlefields and without tents for nearly ten days and during that time we haven't had a whole night of sleep and been laying all the time under arms. The enemy is now across the river and I don't know how long he shall remain there.","I have giving you some account of the sunday battle but I expect you shall have heard of it before this [letter] will come to hands and perhaps you shall have heard some fuller accounts than I have given you because them around the battle field not actually ingaged generally knows more about the battle than them that were engaged in it. If my\nhead was right for wrighting you some thing about the battle I might perhaps tell you something more but as I don't [feel] enclined on account of their being such noise in it as I heard in the battle field. But if as soon as I get chance I shall write you again and tell you something more about the battle.","Dear I must tell you that {I saw}George Poor before and after the battle and he was well and he came out safe of the battle, and he sends you all his best respects. I hadn't time to speak to him long. I saw him Friday evening before the battle and only had time to shake hands with him. Then I saw him again tuesday after the battle and hadn't time to speak to him long then as we were ordered off again immediately, but he told me he was well, and came out safe of the battle field and he sends you all his best respects. You must write to me soon and direct your letter as you did before.","Mr. John Garibaldi, care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nCompany C 27th Va. Infantry \nStonewall Brigade \nNear Fredericksburg","John R. Hepler sends you all his best respects and he is well. I shall finish off writing by giving you to mother and Russia my best repects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Fredericksburg Va. \nMay 11, 1863","Dear Wife: \nHaving somewhat leisure time to write to you this beautiful monday evening I will seat myself down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter last weak but not knowing whether you received it or not I thought I would write you this present one, as I have chance to send it to Covington by Mr. Lamby.","We have had some very hard time begining from the 29 of last month up to the about the six of May. On the 29th of last month we left our winter quarters on account of the\nenemy having crossed the Rappahannock and marched up to Hamilton's crossing about eight miles distant. There we slept two nights in a wheat field. It rained nearly all\nthe time and we were to lay out and take it. On the first of May, in the morning, having learned that the enemy, or part of it, had crossed higher up the river about thirty miles, and was marching down on the Fredericksburg plank road, aiming to flank the crest of hills surrounding Fredericksburg, our division and some other divisions with it started up the river on the plank road on which the enemy was coming down and slept that {there} on the battle field where the enemy had been repulsed by the advance of our army. The next morning we started again, and mile or two brought us up in front of the enemy. There we halted for about an hour, and afterward left the main road and took a small county road to left, we marched about twelve miles leaving the enemy at our right, and got in the rear in the evening at about two or three o'clock, where the yankees didn't expect us to attack them.","There the fighting commenced. One of our division took the front and drove the enemy for about two or three miles, drove the yankees out of their breastworks but fortunately\nfor us that them breastworks were not made to defend themselves in the rear, but they were made to defend themselves in front where the enemy expected us to attack them, they took several batteries and good many prisoners.","They made several charges on us during Saturday night but they were repulsed all the time and we took that night a whole brigade and their general prisoners. We spended\nthe whole of Saturday night drawn up in line of battle and changing positions. Sunday morning found our Brigade drawn in line of battle in as very thick bushes and small timber at the enemy's right, and at about day light, or may be little after, they commenced cannonading over our head and it looked like that they had commenced early in the morning just for a day's work, but fortunately for us that their balls [and] shells went all over our heads, and none of our Brigade got killed in that place that I have heard.","At about eight o'clock the enemy moved all his infantry forces on our right in order to overpower us and [cut] their way through us and commenced the firing of small arms, and we were then moved to the right where the enemy was presing the most, and there we were engaged twice. The first time we were engaged we lost our Brigadier General,\nand in about 15 minutes we were ordered to fall back and then we fell back behind the breastworks behind which the enemy had been dislodged by our sharpshooters about\nfifteen or twenty minutes before. And while we were thus laying behind them breastworks which were built by the enemy the night previous General Stuart rode by and our Brigade gave them three cheers, and he then told us to advance.","We then went in again and ran the enemy for about a quarter of a mile and ran them out of two lines of entrenchments, but without no little loss, we took several pieces of cannons, some prisoners and several artillery horses. Out of twenty two hundred of our Brigade there was six hundred and twelve killed and wounded, and out of about thirty five out of our company there was nine killed and wounded. Our orderly Sergeant was killed dead on the battle field. His name was William Scanlon. He was an Irishman and a good Soldier who had been through all the war of Mexico and was a very steady soldier. Another one, a little fellow who came as a substitute [illegible] by the name of John Archy was mortally wounded in the head and died two or three days after. William Evans was wounded somewhere above the knee and it is feared that he will not live. Another fellow by the name of Caleb Griffith was wounded in the nexk, but he is going about and there is no danger of him. James H. Forbes was wounded in the arm but it is thought that he will get better. Isaac Reynolds was wounded somewhere in the leg and he is going about. Lee A. B. Terry was wounded in the wrist but he will get better, and I expect that he is come home and he'll tell you the same news I do. Colonel James K. Edmondson of our regiment had his army cut off.","General T. J. Jackson died day before yesterday at about one o'clock in the afternoon. He did not die on account of his wound, he die of the newmony {pneumonia}. He was wounded early on the Saturday night the second of May, it is said by our men. When the enemy was making them charges on us he accidently or some how or other happened to be between our men and the enemy in one of them charges with several other Generals, and they rode toward our lines. At the approach of the enemy and of his musketry and our men hearing such noise through the bushes thought it was the\nenemy's cavalry and they fired into them wounding two Generals and a Colonel.","Yesterday there was an escort of honor of about two hundred and fifty detailed out of our Brigade to accompany General Jackson's corpse to Richmond and I was one among them, but before we could march down to Guinea Station about eight miles distant from our camp, the remains of our General had been removed on the Rail Road and so we were about an hour too late.","We took about ten thousand yankee prisoners, thirty pieces of Artillery and about forty thousand stands of small arms. There is no end to the knapsacks that the enemy left\nbehind him on the battle field, there was knapsacks enough I believe to supply our whole army. They principally full of crackers and they came to play pretty well with us\nas our rations ran out the day before. They had eight days of provisions with them, they had brought not much clothing with them only a change of underclothes, [and] their portofolios full of writing paper and envelops to write letters at home after the battle, and their pen and ink. All that I did get is a portfolio with paper and envelops in it, some yankee postage stamps, some crackers, a pair of clean new drawers, some ink and an oil cloth coat. Our men have now plenty of oil clothes, and fear rain no more. After our men had done picked up all the oil clothes and blankets and overcoats there was any quantity still left on the ground tramped in the mud.","Our whole loss was estimated at eight thousand. The battle is now over for the present and we are now encamped stationary for a while resting but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed that the enemy will try some where else before long and if he did seek refuge across the Rappahannock, it is believed he will make his\nappearance again as balloon has been seen now for two days in succession, viewing this side of the river.","Mr. Lamby is here now and he is now going to start so I will finish my writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death, John\nGaribaldi.","Give my best respects to elder Lee Pursinger and you might let him read this letter just for information sake. Enclosed you will find two or three yankee postage stamps just for you keepsake.","Write to me as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you did before. I saw George Poor after the fight and he wasn't hurt but I hadn't time to speak to him long. He sends you all his best respects. So Good by.","Camp Near Hamilton Station. \nMay 28, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you three\nletters since the late battle and this makes the fourth for which I haven't yet received any answer. I am awayting for an answer from you almost every day but that answer never came yet. You must write to me often if you are able if it is twice a weak.","We are now encamped here behind Fredericksburg and have been here since the battle but don't know how long we shall yet remain here but I don't think we shall remain here long, for I have heard that Longstreet's forces have had orders to cook three days rations and be ready to march in a moment's warning.","I am sending you this letter by hand as Mr. Raynolds is here now from Alleghany and he is going to start back\ntomorrow. I will give it to him, and I think he is the shorest mail yet. I have no news to write to you at present. You will direct your letter to John Garibaldi\nCo. C., 27th Regt. Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Johnson's Divison.","Just after I had sealed up my letter Mr. Pursinger arrived here just from Alleghany and I thought I would send you this letter by him and twenty five dollars with it. I shall send also by him two neck comforts. Write to me\nsoon and don't wait for letters untill you write because the letters don't come safe. I wrote to you three letters\nhere lately, send them by mail and you haven't received any.","John Hepler is well. Thomas Arrington is well also and he is with the company doing duty. They both send their best respects to you. Give my best respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson. I received the letter that you sended me by Mr. Pursinger and was glad to learn that you mother and Russia was well. Give them my best respects and keep a good share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs Sarah A.V.P. Garibaldi.","Camp Paxton. \nJune 3, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We have received marching orders today and don't know when I will get chance to write you another. We just cooked three days rations and put them in the haversacks and we are now ready to march at a moments warning. It may be that we'll start this evening, or tonight or wait till tomorrow morning but that we are going to commence an active campaign. It is the belief of every body in the army, and it may be that we will take another trip into Maryland before the summer shall end.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time. I wrote to you by Lee Pursinger and sended you twenty five dollars, and told you all the news I knew. I send home also a dozen of yankee envelops with stamps on it and two comforts which I had [no] use of them with me. You will please to send me little soap next chance you get as we can't get any of it here of any amount. You will please to write to me oftner than you do and direct your letter as you always did. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and also to Mother and Sister Russia and to all my enquiring friends and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","to Sarah Garibaldi","Camp Stephenson, Frederick County, Va. \nJune 16, 1863","I take this blessed opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I will tell you know that I survived another storm and that it pleased God to let me come out unhurt from the battle field. We have now here in the valley about forty thousand men, the corps of Lieutenant General Ewell, and what is the object for taking us here I am not able to tell you. I know that it wasn't necessary to take opposite of forty thousand men here to whip and take seven or eight thousand yankees.","We arrived here in the valley and in the vicinity of Winchester last Saturday and surrounded the town. General Rode's Division went down to Martinsburg to cut off their reinforcement who, upon being attacked by the yankee reinforcement whipped them back and captured all their\nordnance train. Sunday morning we drew closer around Winchester, that is our Division and Early's Division, and toward Sunday evening got our artillery in position and began to bombard their fortifications, but too well fortified to charge on their fortifications but we could have taken them with a heavy loss, so the commander of our corps General Ewell left a gap open thinking that they will try to get out during the night and thus make its escape, and he fell on the right plan. During Sunday night the yankee General spiked all its artillery and left every thing behind them and before they got about four miles from town they were headed our division and they had to fight us on open ground.","The battle commenced before it was clear day and lasted about an hour an half. As the enemy had left all their artillery behind them they had none to fight us with but small arms. They tryed to charge on our battery three times and repulsed each time. Then they commenced retreating and we followed, and they surrendered, five yankee regiments gave to our our brigade and surrendered. They staked arms for us, hung their accoutrements and gave themselves up to us as prisoners of war. Our brigade alone took six of their flag.","There was but few killed and wounded out of our Brigade and them were out skirmishing. None of our company got hurt. Henry Gilliland requested to tell you to tell his family that he is alright, and that he would write in a few days. John R. Hepler also requested me to tell you to\nlet Barny Johnson know that he is well and that he would write to them in a few days. This was the cheapest victory ever was achieved yet without the loss of so many lives.","We feel very much tired out marching from around Fredericksburg to this place, and we are now under marching orders again. We cooked three days rations, and filled up our haversacks with it and we are to be ready to march by eleven o'clock.","I haven't much more to tell you at this time, only that I want you to write to me oftner than you do. Give my best respects to Lee Pursinger and family, to Barny Johnson and family and to Sarah Johnson and family and keep a portion for you, for mother and Sister Russia and Remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nDirect Your letters to Winchester, Frederick County, Va. \nCo. C. 27th Va. Regt Vols, \nStonewall Brigade \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes.","Washington County Maryland. July 10, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this present opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am yet alive, but my health is not very good though I am yet doing duty. I haven't received a letter from you since the seventeenth of May last nor I haven't heard any thing about you. You must write often at least once a week. I haven't written to you now for some time because I hadn't chance but when I had I send you a letter every week.","We crossed the Potomac river on the 18 of June. We have been up nearly to Harrisburg the capitol of Pennsylvania. We then came back and met the enemy at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and fought for three days. We whipt him badly the first day, and it then fell back, took up a strong position and threw entrenchments and repulsed us. We then fell back ourselves and took up a position but the enemy refused to attack us. After staying there a day without being attacked we fell back across the mountains where we are now about thirteen miles from the Potomac.","The river is completely swelled by the heavy rains so that we can't ford it for a week and it is believed that before we will cross the river the enemy will come and attack us and that it will be a very big battle. We have about fifteen thousand yankee prisoners that belongs to our corps besides them of Longstreet, and A.P. Hill's corps to fetch to Virginia. Our loss is pretty heavy. There was thirteen out of our company killed and wounded. Henry Gilliland was killed dead on the field. William Lawson was killed, David and Lee Gilbert were badly wounded, John Hepler was slightly wounded and the Captain and Lieutenant Clark.","I haven't time to write any more because that man is going to start out so nothing more at present but to reamin your affectionate husband untill Death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County, Va. \nJuly 19, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received yours of the 15 of June last few days ago from which I understood with gladness that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","You are complaining in your last letter that I don't write to you but that aint so for when I am in camp I write to you at least every weak. Two or three weeks have passed without writing to you but we were constantly marching in Pennsylvania and Maryland and the mail was right smartly interrupted so that we could neither receive nor send a letter. The last letter I wrote to you was written with the pencil, and it was whilst I was in Maryland.","I saw brother Geroge there and he told me that he had came out of the fight safe and that he was well. He asked me when I had heard from you all, and whether you was [well], and sends his best love to you all. You must try to write me oftner if you can.","I could write to you, now, something about the time we have had in Maryland and Pennsylvania but I think it almost unnecessary as I expect you have heard all about it\nbefore this time. The people of Pennsylvania treated us very kindly but I think it was only from their teeth out. When we went to their houses they gave us plenty to eat of every thing they had. They are living in a very flourishing countries, plenty of good wheat, plenty of the best meadows I ever saw in my life. The generality of the people haven't got more than eighty acres of land and they have it in highest state of cultivation and living like princes almost. They seem to be very much unconcerned\nabout the war, very seldom they see a soldier, and they hardly know what war is, but if the war was to be carried on there as long as it was carried on in Virginia they would learn the effects of it, and perhaps would soon be willing to make peace like we are.","Thomas Arrington sends you all his best respects and he is well. Henry Gilliland was killed in the Gettysburg fight. I shall finish writing by giving you, to Russia and mother\nmy best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill Death, John Garibaldi.","Camp Stone Brigade \nAugust 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received your kind and affectionate letters yesterday evening dated July the 11 and 23 which afforded great deal of satisfaction in learning that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter about four or five days ago, which I do not know whether you have or will receive it or not. We don't get half the mail that is send to us. When ever there too much of mail and too troublesome to be distribute it they just destroy it, especially when on a march. So it is very uncertainly, when you write to me, whether I will get the letter or not. The only thing is to keep writing and among so much perhaps we will get hear from each other sometime.","I have no news of any importance to write you at present. We have been encamped for three or four days on the plank road near Orange Court House but I don't know how long we shall remain here. The last camp we left, we started from it at about sundown and marched and marched about nine miles before we stopped, that was the same day that I wrote to you. We started again in the next morning at half after six and came here in the evening. We don't know when shall leave here but we may go at any time.","It is the general belief that the war will be over by next spring and that we shall all come home. I wish I was at home now and be with you for I am getting tire of this war and would like to come home to see you. The weather is very hot here now. I wish I was at home to thrash my wheat but as I can't come you all must try to get it thrashed the best way you can, but I don't expect there will be much to thrash as they all complain that it is all to thin on the ground and I expect that mine is the same way.","Give my best respects to mother and Sister Russia and tell her that I am sorry to hear that she was sick for wanting of a beau, but tell her that she must be patient. Give my respects also to Sarah Johnson, to Mr. Pursinger, to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 14, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written\nto you three or four letters since we crossed the Potomac for which I haven't yet received any answer, only them two that I got from John Tingler and they were no answer to the ones I wrote to you.","We are now encamped about two miles and a half from Orange Courthouse on the plank road, and have been resting for a while , haven't nothing to do yet since we have been\nhere except guard and picket duty and it may be that we will remain here for several weaks yet. There is the best season here we have had for some time. It rains two or\nthree times a weak, and the corn looks better about here now than any corn I have yet seen. We pay one dollar dozen for roasting ears but they are pretty big ones. We received pay for two months three or four days ago, and we will draw two more months in the begining of September.","You will please to send me some socks for the next winter, a pair of woolen gloves and some soap. We have to pay three dollars per pound for soap now. I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are all well, but we don't quite get anything to eat, we sometime buy extra flour and pay at the rate of sixty dollars per barrel. I wish I was at home to sow some more wheat this fall, you must tell me how many bushels of wheat you threshed out of them five bushels that I sowed last fall and how many bushels it took to make a bushel. I have nothing more to tell you at this time only to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letters as follow \nMr. John Garibaldi \nCo. C. 27th Regt Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Second army corps, Army of Northern Virginia.","Camp Stonewall Brigade","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myslef down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying Do.","At this time I have no news of any importance to tell you only that we have hard times and wars coming. Some thinks that we'll have peace before long, but I don't look for any peace during Lincoln administration and, if at the end of his term another president is elected belonging to the same party or he is reelected himself we may look for another four years of war.","I just received your letter of the 31 of July last from which I understand with great pleasure that you and the family was all well. They are commencing to grant furloughs now but they are granting so few that my chance is very poor for that. I hate to apply for one and besides there is some here that they have never been at home since the commencement of the war and I think them are more entitle to a furlough than I am and they will be the first ones to get it, but I am pretty shure that I will get one next winter. At this time they are only granting furloughs to two men out of every hundred, and when these two men will come back there will be but one going home out of the same number. The length of the furlough is only fifteen days. There is one out of our company going home this time. His name is Charles Gilliland and lives with\nMajor Haynes. By next winter the furloughs will be more numerous and of longer time and then, perhaps, I will get chance to come home myself and I have no doubt I will come home sometime next winter.","Thomas Arrington sends his best respects to you and so does the Gilberts. John Hepler was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg and we haven't seen him since. We are looking for him almost every day but he hasn't come yet. It is not known where he is, some says that he never crossed the river and that in Yankeedom yet but now don't know exactly where he is. He was slightly wounded in the arm, and he came from Gettysburg to the banks of the Potomac a distance of about fifty miles by himself and we surely thought he had crossed the river but since that time we heard that he never did.","I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are camping here about Orange Court House and have been here for about three weeks and likely we will stay here good while longer yet and resting pretty well. There is no prospect of any fighting now, and some thinks that we will have no more fighting here or at least no big fighting and I don't think we will much more fighting here neither except we might have another big fight here and that it will be about the last. Some thinks that there is an armistice now, but unknown to us. I would be glad if this\nwar was to stop so that we might all come and mind our business at home. I think if fighting will setlle this matter there has been fighting enough now, and if fighting wouldn't settle it, there is no use of any more bloodshed, for it is the general belief among the soldiers and in foreign countries that fighting can't settle it.","We have preaching here every day and three times on holy days. Yesterday was a feast day by the command of President Davis and there was a great many assembled around the altar for the purpose of worshipping God, and pray for peace, and there was good many ladies came to our camp to preaching from the neighborhood around here.","We have to pay thirty five cents pound for flour here now, one dollar dozen for ginger cakes and very small at that, dollar a piece for pies, dollar a dozen for apples, dollar a dozen for roasting ears, four dollars per pound for soap. The corn crop here looks very promising, the corn about here is of the best I ever saw and there has been rain enough during this summer about here to keep every thing from suffering. The people about here are just now beginning to plow for wheat, and I begin to think that I ought be at home to plant some myself, but I am afraid there will be no plowing done by me this fall.","Give my best respects to Mr. Lee Pursinger and to all the neighbors around you, to mother and Russia and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband till death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me and direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi, Co. C., 27th Regt. Va. Vols., Stonewall Brigade, Second Army Corps, ANV.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 27th, 1863","Dear Wife \nI wrote you a letter last week but not seeing any answer for it I thought I would write you this present one that you may know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. It was just yesterday that I saw an extract from a Northern paper in the dayly Richmond Sentinel in which John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence were reported as prisoners of war at Fort Delaware. Hepler and Reynolds were both slightly wounded. David Pence never was in the engagement and he must have been picked up straggling out by the yankee cavalry. We all thought that Hepler and Reynolds were both at home untill yesterday evening, when we saw it in the Sentinel.","I haven't much news to tell you only that we are all well in the company. George Tingler was sick for two or three days but he is now getting better. You may look for me at\nhome next winter on furlough. I think I stand a pretty good chance to come next winter. I hope that the war will be over next summer and we will all come home for good.","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and for Mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill\ndeath. \nJohn Garibaldi \nTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nSo good by for this time","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 3, 1863","Dear Wife I received your letter of the 8 of August last from which I understood with great pleasure that you and the rest of the family were all well, but sorrow to hear that you had been sick. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are laying here in camp yet doing nothing but guard duty. All the boys are well in general. Thomas M. Arrington's\n[leg] is breaking out again the same one that he got hurt last fall coming home on the cars. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast, and he never spoke a word after he was\nshot, he fell forward and died in an instant. He got killed early in the morning in the first charge, he was left in the field unburied because the yankees fell in possession of the battlefield on the left in which we were fighting. But of course he was burried by the yankees, as it is the rule that the party that falls in possession of the battle field burries the dead.","John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds, and David Pence are prisoners at Fort Delaware. John R. Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded and they were taken\nby the yankee in a raid made on our wagon as they were crossing the south mountain in Pennsylvania coming from Gettysburg. Lee Gilbert is dead, he died in two or three days after he got wounded and David Gilbert got well. The last time we heard from there he was walking about. James A. Rawlins our regimental hospital steward who stayed\nbehind in Pennsylvania with doctor Sayers to take care of our wounded, just lately came through the lines under flag of truce brought the above news about the Gilberts.","You seems to be anxious about my coming home on furlough but there is no chance for me at present. I would like to come home myself but I don't think I'll get chance to come\ntill next winter unless they get to grant the furloughs more numerous than they do now. I think you may look for me next winter.","I saw Brother George about a month ago and he was well at that time. I don't know where he is now, because he was marching at the time I saw him nor does he know where I am now because we have moved the camp since, and I can't get out here to go and hunt for him, for I may have to hunt for several days before I'll find him, and I can't get a pass for that long time to get out of the camp. He told me that he is hardly ever sick and that he enjoys his health in the army as well as when he was out of the army and that he thought he wasn't made to be killed or die in the army. But I will try get a pass for twenty four hours as soon as I can and look for him and will tell him to write\nhome.","You will please tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is with his regiment and he is well. He has been seen by George Gilbert about nine or ten days ago, and by Arrington about two or three days ago, and he was well at that time and with his company. I would go over and see him myself, but they are so strict on us that we can't\nget out of the camp without a pass from our Major General and they wouldn't grant but one pass a day out of each company.","I expect there is soldiers at home all the time on furlough, but there is no soldiers at\nhome now in Alleghany from this army except they have been wounded and unable for duty except one from our company, whose name is Charles Gilliland and lives with Major Haynes and three or four of the Alleghany roughs, who received a furlough for fifteen days. And if there is any others at home besides them that I mentioned they are\nat home on French furlough, that is I am now speaking about this army, but from the army of North Western Virginia they can come home almost any time as they are\nallways in camp and close enough home to go and back in days and they generally keep at a pretty good distance from the enemy, therefore they can come home almost\nas often as they please, because their presence in the army is not so strictly required. But here in this army we have too much fighting and marching to do to be absent from our command and we are therefore kept under strict discipline.","I will finish writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nGive my best respects to Mother and Russia and to all the neighbors. So good by.","Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 25, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of September 11th came to hands last night which afforded untold pleasure in hearing that you and mother and Russia was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You told me in your letter that you hadn't received a letter for almost five weeks but that is the postmaster's falt for I haven't let a week pass without writing to you. I haven't received a letter from you for almost four or five weeks neither except the one I received last night.","We have had no peace for a good while. We have been marching about for opposite of ten days. The enemy is in our front and we look for a battle soon. We have been throwing up breastworks a whole night, but I don't expect that it will do us much good for the yankees never did attack us in our fortifications yet. Whenever we fortify in one place they go and attack us in another, in fact they are too smart to attack us wherever we are fortified for they can't whip us out of our fortifications let alone in the fortifications.","I think I will come home next winter on furlough perhaps fifteen days. I don't think there will be any furloughs granted for any longer time than that. I know I am entitled to a furlough next winter, whether I'll get it or not I am not able to tell lyou, but I think I will get one. I would like to come home and see you all but there is no chance at present for me. I saw Geroge several\ntimes and not later than last week and he was well.","I suppose that you would like to know what became of Lee and David Gilbert. Lee is dead from a wound received at Gettysburg. He didn't live but two or three days after he was wounded. David was wounded also in the same battle but he is well now and he is prisoner of war in the North, and he may be exchanged before long. John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence are at Fort Delaware. John Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded, but I expect they are both well by this time. We did not know what had become of David Pence at first till here about a month ago, when we saw his name on the paper, saying that he was at Fort Delaware prisoner. He got lost from us the night before the battle and therefore he wasn't engaged. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast and died instantly. His body was left on the battle field in the hands of the enemy, and to be burried by the enemy.","The health of our men here now is most excellent, we scarcely hear of any sickness at all. I weigh now one hundred and forty seven pounds, and I never did weigh more than a hundred and forty nine in my life. We are getting very scanty rations too. The weather here now is very\ngood. I suppose you have heard of the battles they have had in tennessee where our men whipped the yankees and took about seventy pieces of artillery, and about then thousand prisoners.","I wish this war was over for I am getting tire of soldiering but I don't see any prospect of peace till Lincoln administration lasts and he has yet more than a year to administer the Federal Government, and it lays in his power either to make peace or carry on the war. My time of enlistment will be out next Spring, but I expect to soldier untill the land is blessed with peace, and every body else may as well conclude to do the same or be considered as deserters, for the man that will not be willing to soldier he'll be forced into it. Neither do I expect that anybody will be exempted from the service because he put in substitutes for I believe that they will take in substitutes and all next spring.","I am sorry to hear that Micahel Aritt was taken prisoner for I believe he was trying to soldier as well as he could, although contrary to the will of his father and mother, but he, though against the will of his mother, is not a bushwacker like good many others, and answers to his country's call. I believe that if all of these bushwhackers and deserters would come in to the army we\ncould whip the yankees [thoroughly] and have peace by next winter. For such people as bushwhackers I have no good feeling. I don't care if they were all drowned although they be my best friend and brothers, because I believe they are reason why this war goes on so long.","Thomas M. Arrington and James C. Gilbert are both well, and send their compliments to you all. I shall bring my letter to a close by giving you and mother and Russia my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.","Stonewall Brigade, twenty miles below Orange Court House \nOctober 6, 1863","Dear Wife \nThough I wrote to you a letter about ten days ago for which I haven't yet received any answer, I will write you another one, and thinking that my letter never came to hands perhaps this will, for I think that not one third of my letters never reach their destiny, because I get just about one letter from you for every three I write to you.","Yours of September the 11 came to hands on the 24 and had just written you day before, and I thought I would wait till I got an answer for the one I had written, but having wayted for nearly two weeks for an answer from you and never seeing any coming I thought I would write to you\nthis present one that you may know that I am well, hoping that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying all the health that you may desire, together with Mother and Sister Russia.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are under marching orders, and yesterday evening we had to cook our two days ration and pack up our knap sacks and ready to march at a moment's warning, but we have had such marching orders good many times before since we came across the mountain and never march afterward, so that we don't think that we will march this time. There is the Rapidan River between us and the enemy, a stream not any larger than Pots Creek in some places only it is deeper. We are in sight of each other. There is only about two hundred distance between the pickets and right in sight of each other but they never shoot at each other, but they talk with each other and sometime they exchange papers.","It is supposed that the yankees are taring up the rail road and burning the ties as we could hear all last night a continual jingle of rail road iron, and could see fires all along the rail road and we saw with a glass yesterday, a train of wagons moving entirely from us. There is\ncertainly some movement on hands among them, and if it is so that they are destroying the rail road, they intend to give up these countries, because if they intended stay here they wouldn't certainly be destroying the railroad so necessary for the subsistance of their army.","We saw an extract in our paper taken from some of the Northern papers, which said that the army of the Potomac has told for its self and that there wouldn't be no more fighting on the Potomac, except may be some skirmishing, or cavalry fighting. They reinforcing the South Western army and if they subjugate the South it will be from the South West, they have already found out that they can't whip the South by coming in this way.","I hope that twelve months from now will bring peace. Tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is well and with his regiment. I think I will get a furlough next winter and come home for a while. You must send me some socks, a pair of woolen gloves, some red pepper if you can by the first opportunity offered. If you can buy me three or four good pair of woolen socks, and a pair of woolen gloves for next Winter and send them to me by as soon as you can I will\nbe very much obliged to you, for we can't draw nothing here except cotton socks.","Give my best respects to Lee A.B. Terry, to Mr. Pursinger, and to all the enquiring friends and keep a share for your self and mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","You must write to me soon and pay for the letters that you write for we don't get any letters unless they are paid for.","Give Mrs. Sara Johnson my best respects. There is some talk about our regiment coming to Western Virginia under General Echols but I don't know how true this is nor when it will be, and perhaps never.","Camp Near Coul Pepper [Culpeper] Courthouse \nOctober 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the six instant came to hands day before yesterday which gave great deal of satisfaction to learn that you and the family were both well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health.","I saw George yesterday and I see him very often, he is as well as he could be expected. As Mr. Lamby is here now and got chance to send this letter by hand, I thought I would\nwrite to you this present letter and enclose twenty dollars, which you will receive and spend them as you need them. We have got payed off this morning and got thirty four dollars for two months that is for July and August. We shall soon have another pay day for September and October and in that pay we will get our clothing money. I expect I will get opposite of one hundred dollars and will try to send you some of it the next chance I get.","There is some talk of our regiment coming to Western Virginia as soon as we'll get settled here for the Winter. We have been on a march for twelve days, and we expected\nto have a fight with the yankees but they didn't stand their own ground when they heard that we were coming, they ran away during the night. We left our old camp on the other side of the Rapidan River on the eight of this month and in three days march got to Coulpepper [Culpeper] Courthouse where the yankees had fixed themsleves nice\ncomfortable winter quarters, and stopped about five miles from the place to cook rations and be ready for the fight the next day, but the enemy having heard of it made\nhis escape at two o'clock in the morning. They even didn't have time to gather up their blankets and shoes but they were rushed out and crossed the Rappahannock River that\nnight. We took after them the next day and after two day's march overtook them again at this side Manassas Junction late in evening.","General A.P. Hill cut off their line of march in two in that case. We lost about one hundred and fifty killed and wounded but it was through bad management of General\nHeath or Hill that we lost so many killed. One North Carolina Brigade did pretty much all the fighting and they were badly whipped just for not having any support close at hand. The yankees had three Brigades engaged and about twenty cannons and we only one brigade and six pieces of cannons, but after reinforcement came up we took possession of the road they were marching on and cut off good many, but being nearly night and not having time to fight them, they got away and made their escape. We were all disapointed because we expected the yanks would make a stand some where but they kept going and when we'd catch up with them in evening they would get away during the night and have two or three hours os start on us, they done that twice, the cavalry done all the fighting in this trip.","We have got about two or three thousand prisoners on this trip principally stragglers who couldn't keep up and the balance cavalry. We are now returned on this side of the\nRappahannock, after having broken up all the rail road from Manassas to the Rappahannock and burned all the ties, we expect to go now in a regular camp, where we may remain till next Spring unmolested. The yankees have been whipped often enough here in Virginia to come here again to fight us, it is believed by northern editors that the army of the Potomac has fought her last battle, and that it is useless to fight any longer here in Virginia so that the war will be removed from here to Tennessee and Kintucky and we shall have some fine time here. They have lately been whipped in Tennessee also and I believe that before twelve months these hostilities shall cease and they will let us depart in peace. It is said that Generals Heath and A.P. Hill are both under arrest for having thus managed the fight willfully bad. If the thing had went on right, we could have got a big fight out of them, whipped them bad and got nearly all their wagons and commissaries and a large quantity of prisoners, because their army is\nnow composed almost all of substitutes and conscripts and they don't care whether they fight or not, because they were forced in to it.","I shall finish writing by giving you my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best Respects to Miss Russia and Mother to Mrs. Sarah Johnson to Mr. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends. Enclosed you will find twenty dollars. Excuse\nmy bad writing because I wrote in the hurry because Mr. Lamby might start before I get letter written.","Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 1, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at present and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We are now and have been drawn up in line of battle for several days and a battle is looked for any time. Our Division had a fight day before yesterday in which we lost\nabout four hundred killed wounded and missing and I had the luck of coming out safe. I haven't time to give you much news at present as we are drawn up in line of battle\nthrowing up breastworks and expecting an attack at any time so I shall close up my letter by giving you and the family my best respects and will reamin your affectionate\nhusband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","George Gilbert got wounded day before yesterday on his league [leg] but there was no bone broken in his leg. He was the only one hurt in our company. You will excuse the\npencil writing because I could get no ink to write with here. Write to me as soon as you get this and let me know how you are getting along.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful Sabath morning in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they\nmay find you enjoying the same blessings. I have no particular news to tell you at this time. We are laying in camp here about seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse where we expect to stay for the winter provide the yankees don't make no new movements. They were offered battle about two\nweeks ago but they began to run so fast that we couldn't hardly keep up to them and when we did overtook them it was late in the evening and they got away during the\nnight, so we don't expect that we'll have any more fighting in the part of the army till next spring.","I hope that I will get a furlough sometime next winter but I am not certain of it. There is good many ahead of me and they will certainly get a furlough before I will but I think that the furloughs will be granted more numerous, and thus I will be able to get one myself.","Tell George Kemper that Billy Kemper is not now with his regiment, he was send away from here sometime in September, he has received a sick furlough home and has never returned yet. Tell him that when he writes to him just to direct his letters thus, Mr. William P. Kemper, Co. C, 42 Reg. Va. Vols, Johnson's Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. I allways thought that Mr. Kemper was with his regiment untill the other day when I went to look for him. I don't know him when I see him.","I send you twenty dollars in the last letter that I send you and when you write to me I want you to tell me whether you have received or not. The letter was directed to you and in the care of Mr. Lee Pursinger and sended it by Mr. Lamby and as the gentlemen has been to Alleghany and back again here now I will send you this present one the same\nway and by the same gentleman. You must write to me soon and tell me how you are getting along.","We will soon have another payday and will send you some more money. I can't send anything except money, there is nothing that I can buy to send you, except to send you\nlittle money every once an while. You must try to get along the best way I can. Give my best repects to Mother and Sister Russia, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, to Mr. and Mrs.\nPursinger and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Orange Court House \nNovember 15, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the 25 of the last month came to hands three or four days ago from which I derived the welcomed information that you and the family and neighbors in general were all enjoying the same state of health in which I have always wished you all remain. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you all enjoying the same.","You haven't wrote to me about them twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. Lamby but I supposed that when you wrote to me this letter you hadn't yet received them, but I hope that you have got them before this time and when you will write to me you will tell me whether you have receive them or not. Besides the money I have sended you two religious newspapers in which you will find a heap of good reading and no doubt you will pass off a good deal of your lonesome time and profit you very much.","I have no news to write to you at this time. We have had severall movements but no fighting of any consequence yet. We are now again camped this side of the Rapidan. The yankees make good many demonstrations but I don't think they have intention to fight, they only want make us believe that they are going to fight us in order to keep us from reinforcing General Bragg. It is the general belief that there will be no more fight here till next spring.","We get very scanty rations now. Since I commenced writing this letter we had orders to cook two days rations and be ready to march at moments warning. There was a heavy\ncannonading down the Rapidan this morning and it may be that we will have a general engagement soon. We have just now receive orders to move at once. So nothing more at present but to Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that yours of the 9th instant came duly to hands last night which afforded me great deal of satisfaction in hearing that you was well with the balance of the family. I don't feel very well today but am still doing duty and I don't think it will amount to very much, and will soon get better, for it is nothing but head ache and pains about my back. But I hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying better health than I do at present.","Dear I must tell you that I have no news of any importance to write to you at present, they keep us moving about right smart, for we hardly stay two or three days stationary at place before we move again, but it looks very much that there will not be no more fighting in this part of the country till next spring. Whenever you write to me you must tell me all that you know about the yankees, for I understood that they have been again in Alleghany. I am very sorry that you couldn't get any wheat sowed, and I wish that I was at home to sow some for you but I am afraid that it will be some time yet, before I'll\nget chance to come home. I hope though that I will get chance to come home next winter.","I must tell now that there was sent here from Staunton a whole lot of clothes especially for the brigade, and that we all had chance to draw anything we want in the way of\nshoes, drawers, shirts, pants, and jackets. I drew a very good jacket and pants and shirts and drawer, this was far the best clothing for winter we drew for long time so that\nwe are all of this brigade supplied of good warm clothing. I shall quit writing for this time by giving you my best respects and also to mother and Russia and will remain\nyour affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Dear I must tell you that Thomas W. Rose is sick and was send away to the hospital about two weeks ago. I haven't seen George for sometime now. If you have any chance\nyou can let Thomas W. Rose people know that he is not now with the company and that they not send letters here to him for Captain Clark has three or four of his letters and\ndon't know what hospital to send them. We have had no snow here yet it is raining here today. We have had some very warm days for this [time] of the year.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 5, 1863","Dear Wife \nI have written you a letter a few days ago but not having wrote to you all that I should have written I come to write to you this present one in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same sort of blessings.","When I wrote to you the last time I should have told you that George Poor got wounded in the shoulder on the 27 of November last by a minie ball. It was a bad wound but not\nmortal. I just now found it out and did not know anything about his being wounded, a man in our company just went over today to George's company to see some of his\nrelations, and brought me the news when he came back that George was wounded. He is now in some hospital but don't know where and will write to you where he is as soon\nas I find it out, but it may be some time before I do find out where he is.","I have no news to tell you at this time only that we are laying still in camp. All the Yankees went back across the river without much fighting. They found out that they\ncouldn't whip us and they went back over the river. It may be that they will not come back any more untill next spring provide the winter sets in soon but if the weather\nremains good.","George Tingler is sick, took sick last night just like he did last fall with a pain on his left side. The doctor applied a muster plaster to it and the pain disappeared but he is not well yet although he is a heap better than he was last night. Thomas W. Rose is sick in General Hospital number 2 Lynchburg, Virginia.","If you get chance to send me anything you will please to send me one of the comforts that I send home last spring but if the winter be about over before you get chance to\nsend it you need not mind it but you can send me some socks any time you get chance because I haven't a pair to my foot now and there is no chance to draw any from the\ngovernment. As it is getting dark and haven't time to write any more I shall wind up my letter by giving my best respects onto all the family and neighbors and will remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and Terry.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 16, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with great pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful day to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written you several letters for which I have not yet received any answer. I hope that you will not put it off writing when you get this letter.","I have no news to tell you of any importance at this time only that we are laying still in camp doing nothing. I suppose you have heard that George Gilbert was wounded in the battle of Germana Ford on the 27 of November last in one of his legs only a flesh wound but it was a pretty bad one. I have written you in one of my previous letters that George Poor was wounded on the same day pretty bad but not mortally. They were both send out to the hospital but don't know where. George Tingler is getting better and he is now near just about as well as ever. Thomas W. Rose was send to the hospital sick little better than a month ago and he is in Lynchburg, Virginia General hospital number two.","You will please to try to get me some socks, some red pepper, some soap and send them to me by the next opportunity offered. You will please to send me also one of them comforts that I send home last Spring by Lee Persinger and my Catholic prayer book as soon as you can. We will draw our pay in two or three weeks from now and will send you some money by the next chance I'll get.","I do not know what time I will get chance to come home this winter there is good many before me to get furloughs yet and they are letting might few to go home at time now\nonly one out every fifty is allowed to go home at time but I hope that after while they will grant them more numerous and will then have chance myself to get one.","I will finish my letter by giving you mother and Sister my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Lee Persinger and Terry and to all the neibors. So good by.","Camp 27th Va Regiment Near Orange Court House \nJanuary 9, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 4 instant came duly at hands last night which afforded great deel of pleasure in hearing that you and the family were all well. This leaves me well at present\nand hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. Dear I have no news of any importance to tell you at present, only that we are all in pretty comfortable winter quarters and doing nothing but guard, and picket duty. Our ration of meat has been reduced to a quarter of a pound of bacon per day, or three quarters of a pound of beef, but they are giving us lard in place of it. Besides we draw sugar, rice, coffee, and dried fruit pretty often. Our flour rations is eighteen ounces per day yet, and very likely to be so for the winter. Myself and Mr. Gibson have a shanty of our own that we built, and sleep together. He is cooking for the preacher, the doctor, the adjutant, and the Regimental stewart, and they are paying him extra wages, and we get plenty to eat.","I don't want you to send me anything by mail except letters, for it is so uncertain, if you want send me anything send it to me by hands or don't send it at all and I'll try to do without it, rather than to [lose, have]. I am entirely bare footed but I think I'll get shoes today or tomorrow, but as for socks there [none] to be drawn and haven't had a pair on me for two months. The winter is going along pretty well and after while it will be warm enough to go without socks, I hope, but if I had couple pairs now, and one of my comforts, I would be very glad. Whenever you get chance, to send it by hands, I want\nyou to send me my Catholic prayer book, a pair of socks or two provide you can get them, and my comfort.","I wish I could come home on a furlough but I expect it will be way late in the winter or Spring before I'll get one, but my turn will come sometime, and you may look for me at home sometime this winter or next Spring. I would like to know how you all are getting along for something to eat, you all have no chance to make money to buy flour because it is so high, and there is nobody at home, to do any thing for you all so that I am afraid that either you are, or will have to suffer. I can not help you much, because my wages are only seventeen dollars per month. However there is about one hundred dollars coming to me next pay day, which is now due, of which I shall try to send you fifty, next opportunity I'll meet. You must try to get along the best way you can, for I cannot help you much and I'll come home as soon as I can.","Next Spring my term of service of three years will be over, but I expect that we will, all, have to stay in, for during the war, and there will be no men discharged from the service at all, except them unfit for duty, but if they, next Spring, give us chance to reinlist and join any command we please, I have concluded to come West. It seems to me that the war is going to be a long one.","The weather is very fine here today, we haven't had but two little snows, it snowed night before last about two inches deept but it is going away very fast. The ground is frost here very deep. You must give my best respects to George [Roore], George Gilbert, Thomas W. Rose, Lee H. B. Terry, to Mother, Sister Russia, to all the neighbors and\nkeep a share for yourself, and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill Death \nJohn Garibaldi","Mr. Gibson sends you his best respects and he is [well]. Mr Arington sends you his best repsects and he is well also, the boys are generally well. There is but very little sickness in the army. \nSo good by \nMr. Gibson sends you a tract for you read.","Camp Stonewall \nMarch 8, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this morning to let you know that I arrived here last friday night safe at camp. Our brigade had been on picket for about thirteen\ndays on account of them yankee raids in our rear and the balance of our division been out on a march toward Chancellorsville, they came to camp again last sunday and they relieved us yesterday. All our troops have returned to camp and settled down again, it was nothing but a yankee raid trying to take Richmond and burn it relieve the yankee prisoners and hang Jeferson Davis, but they failed in all that. General Dalgreen was killed and his party dispersed. General Killpatrick made his escape in Butler's line. He was in full command of the Yankee raiding cavalry.","Mr. Gibson started out on his furlough yesterday morning and he will get home tonight. I am now cooking in his place for the doctor and the preacher untill he'll come back. I am sorry to tell you that Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack at Millboro with everything that he had in it my things and his things both, he said he laid his knapsack on his boxes on the platform and hadn't left it no more than ten minutes when somebody stole it from him. He says that he thinks it was some of the provost guard at that place. Whenever you get chance you will please to send me another pair socks. I want neither gloves nor comfort any more this winter and if I had another pair of socks I could make out for this winter. Lee A.B. Terry is not in camp now he was send off sick sometime before I got here and don't know where he is. You must try to write to me as soon as you get this so I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nMarch 24, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is a pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I wrote you a letter on the tenth of this month for which I haven't yet received any answer. Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack in coming to the army and everything it contained. He said that of the provost guard stole it from him at Millboro so that he lost everything that you had\ngiven him to fetch me.","The snow fell about a foot deep here day before yesterday however the weather is very nice now. There was great snowbowling yesterday. It first commenced between the 27th and 33d Regiment and after about an hour of snow bowling the 4th regiment took our part and reinforced us, and the 2d Regiment reinforced the 33d, in about an hour afterward the fifth Regiment reinforced the 4 and 27th and snowbowled the 2d and 33d out of their camp. Afterward the whole brigade joined together again and attacked Rodes Division. Some of the 4th Brigade Louisianians and some of the 33d Brigade of our Division joined our Brigade. Rodes division turned out and ran our fellows into camp. Brigadier General Doles was commanding Rodes Divison. We had no generals ingaged on our side except some colonels\ntook part in the fun. Some rascal or other nocked General Doles in the head with a rock and cut right smart gash in it. He fell off of his horse but he wasn't out the field more than half an hour when he returned again.","In evening the long roll was beaten in our brigade and Louisiana Brigade and turned out again. Our Brigadier General took the field and commanded our Division. Rodes's Division was waiting on us we went and attacked them and ran them out of their camp, thus ended the 23 of March. It was all nice fun except with Brigadier General Doles some had pick at him and took out of him in that way. I shall cease writing by giving you all my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Since I came back I received a letter from Mary T. Winebrenner inquiring of me about her husband. I don't know neither her nor her husband and she says the news came from you that I was aquainted with her husband. I wrote to his Captain yesterday about C. Winebrenner and\nas soon as I get an answer from him I will write to her.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nApril 5, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 21 of March last came to hands yesterday from which I was glad to hear that you was well. This leaves me well at present and I hope that when these few lines\nwill come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news of importance to tell you at this time, only that the weather is very bad and disagreable here now. Our brigade just came off pickett yesterday evening.\nEverything is peaceable here now, nothing going on. The officers have been reduced down to same rations as the privates and it is issued to them just the same as it is\nissued to us. Neither are they allowed to buy any from the Commissary department. The company officers are drawing with their companies and to the field officers it is weighed out to them.","I am sorry to tell you that there is a man in our company just now dying his name is George Harmon. He lives down on Jackson's River. He took sick last Sunday and died (I\nexpect is dead now) this morning. He was a very strong man.","I wrote to Staunton to the priest for another prayer book, and just got it yesterday with two tracts and three cards. Enclosed you will find a tract and a card in this here letter for you. I sort of think that Thomas W. Rose done something with the things that you sended me by him and he just tells me as an excuse that somebody stole them from\nhim. I have a notion to charge him for it but I have a fear that I shall have to take it out in charging.","I received a letter, sometime ago, from Mary F. Winebrenner enquiring into the whereabouts of her husband saying that she heard that I knew him, and knew where he\nwas and that I had tole you about knowing him. I am uterly stranger of either Mrs. or Mr. Winebrenner, neither do I recollect of having ever heard such name, but I wrote to his captain about him and haven't yet received any answer about him. He belongs to George's old company.","Mr. [Salander] spoke to me about that pistol as I was coming to the army and told him you will take six bushels of corn for it, he said, then, that he hadn't the corn to spare at that time, and I told him that you would wait till the next crop would come, he then said that he would try to raise some. You do as you please with it I think the pistol is worth six bushels of corn and if you can help it don't let him have it for any less.","I will quit writing, by giving you, Mother, Sister, Brother George and family my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stone Wall Brigade \nApril 22, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news to tell you at present, we are to pack up everything we have today and be ready to march tomorrow morning. It is said we are going on picket and that we are\nto camp some where nearer to our picket lines, but none of us knows where we shall go, all we know is that we will abandon our winter quarters tomorrow morning never\nmore, perhaps, to return to this camp.","The weather is most beautiful here now and the roads will soon be in marching order and we look for the Spring campaign close at hands. Meantime our troops have been\ncheered up by the victories that our armies have lately achieved in North Carolina and in Transmississippi Department. General Banks have been defeated in the\nTransmississippi Department with the loss of eight thousand men including killed wounded and missing, thirty five pieces of artillery, two hundred wagons. In North\nCarolina they have been defeated with the loss of twenty six hundred prisoners, one Brigadier General and several pieces of Artillery. General Forrest captured Fort Pillow\nand out of seven hundred yankees defending it four hundred negroes, and three hundred whites, he only took one hundred prisoners. The balance were all killed including the comandant of the fort. All these little victories are very encouraging to us and could we only whip Grant it would be very encouraging to us and very discouraging\nto the enemy. I think we will soon have a trial of it, and I am pretty confident that if General Grant comes over the Rapidan River to fight us over here in our breastworks he\nwill get pretty badly whipped.","This here makes the fifth letter that I have written you since I got back from furlough and haven't received but two from you. I have received them things that you sended me by George Gilbert. I think that this year is the last year of the war provide we can whip the enemy next summer. I hope that we will all come home next winter. I am pretty tire of this war by this time but there is no chance for us unless the war stops for we shall all have keep fighting untill the yankees give us up or untill we shall be subjugated.","There is great revival among the churches in this army. There is at least three times as many more converts in this year than there was last spring. Mr. Gibson is one of them and good many others of our company. John Baker of Covington is to be baptised today.","We are to cook four days rations this evening. I wish I could give some of my coffee that I have on hands. I have nearly half pound on hands ahead of my regular ration, but we are too far apart for me to give to you. The meat is the most scarse article we are getting and that is only a quarter of a pound per day scarsely enough. But considering the times we are doing very well, we done even better this winter than we did did last. Last winter we drew [best] on ration or two of coffee, and but very little sugar. This winter we drew coffee and sugar regular. They are making out to give us some clothing every once and a while so that there is not much complaining in camp. I myself am afraid that we'll have heap harder time in the way of rations than we ever had yet before this war closes. As soon as we draw any money I shall send you some by the first opportunity. Please write to me as soon as you can. Give my best respects to Mother, Russia, and to all the enquiring friends and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda","Mr. Gibson sends his best respects and he is well. Clarington Gilbert told me to write to you in my letter to tell Russia to write to him."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Garibaldi Papers, MS 0284, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Garibaldi Papers, MS 0284, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCamp life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily news\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include one letter (dated 1863) from William H. McPherson to Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) and three letters from Garibaldi to his daughter (dated 1904) written in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stevenson,\" Virginia. Letter regards Chirstmas celebrations, and the breaking of a dam \"in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten near Winchester, Virginia. Letter concerns the Romney Campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Bunker Hill,\" West Virginia. Letter regards life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Allen, Clarke County,\" Virginia. Letter regards camp life, payday, and rumors of enemy movements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Bailor.\" Letter regards orders to prepare to march and general family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards finances and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money sent by mail and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter mentions that unit is under marching orders and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter concerns sending of money and supplies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money, supplies,\nand family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter vocies that the spring campaign will begin soon and furloughs are suspended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards an increase in wages and that the unit is preparing to move.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter voices that the unit is drawn up in line of battle and is expecting a fight tomorrow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten \"near Fredericksburg,\" Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Hamilton Station.\" Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Paxton.\" Letter voices that the unit has received marching orders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stephenson, Frederick County,\" Virginia. Letter regards the a battle in Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Washington County, Maryland. Letter regards the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County,\" Virginia. Letter comments on the kindness of people in Pennsylvania and wealth of countryside there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards difficulty in receiving mail and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp \"Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards news of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and reports news about various other soldiers who were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards troop movements, news of other soldiers, and remarks that the unit constructing breastworks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten \"twenty miles below Orange Court House,\" Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Letter reports various engagements with the Union and prisoners taken.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter reports that the unit is drawn up in line of battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse,\" Virginia. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards troop movements and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards life in camp and reports on wounded soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp, including a snowball fight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Civil War news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree letters sent from John Garibaldi to his daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include:\n Camp life The hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians Battles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) Other members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment Family news \nThe letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","The papers also include one letter (dated 1863) from William H. McPherson to Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) and three letters from Garibaldi to his daughter (dated 1904) written in 1904.","Written from \"Camp Stevenson,\" Virginia. Letter regards Chirstmas celebrations, and the breaking of a dam \"in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\"","Written near Winchester, Virginia. Letter concerns the Romney Campaign.","Written from \"Camp near Bunker Hill,\" West Virginia. Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Allen, Clarke County,\" Virginia. Letter regards camp life, payday, and rumors of enemy movements.","Written from \"Camp Bailor.\" Letter regards orders to prepare to march and general family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards finances and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money sent by mail and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter mentions that unit is under marching orders and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter concerns sending of money and supplies.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money, supplies,\nand family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter vocies that the spring campaign will begin soon and furloughs are suspended.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards an increase in wages and that the unit is preparing to move.","Letter voices that the unit is drawn up in line of battle and is expecting a fight tomorrow.","Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia.","Written \"near Fredericksburg,\" Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from \"Camp near Hamilton Station.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from \"Camp Paxton.\" Letter voices that the unit has received marching orders.","Written from \"Camp Stephenson, Frederick County,\" Virginia. Letter regards the a battle in Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Washington County, Maryland. Letter regards the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.","Written from \"Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County,\" Virginia. Letter comments on the kindness of people in Pennsylvania and wealth of countryside there.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards difficulty in receiving mail and general news.","Written from Camp \"Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and general news.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards news of prisoners.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and reports news about various other soldiers who were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.","Letter regards troop movements, news of other soldiers, and remarks that the unit constructing breastworks.","Written \"twenty miles below Orange Court House,\" Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and general news.","Written from Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Letter reports various engagements with the Union and prisoners taken.","Letter reports that the unit is drawn up in line of battle.","Written from \"seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse,\" Virginia. Letter regards general news.","Written from near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards troop movements and life in camp.","Letter regards life in camp and reports on wounded soldiers.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Written near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp, including a snowball fight.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards Civil War news and life in camp.","Three letters sent from John Garibaldi to his daughter.","Civil War envelopes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e3ab6cca9f0f0ff03d580cafce869e9c\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:07.355Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_586","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_586.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00005.xml","title_ssm":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0284","/repositories/3/resources/586"],"text":["MS.0284","/repositories/3/resources/586","John Garibaldi Civil War papers","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Chancellorsville (Va.), Battle of, 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Winchester (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Romney Campaign, 1861-1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","Full text transcriptions of the Garibaldi letters are available online","John Garibaldi, a Confederate soldier, was born in Genoa, Italy, on April 30, 1831. He immigrated to the United States 1851, where he married Sarah Ann Virginia Poor of Botetourt County, Virginia. ","During the Civil War Garibaldi served as 3rd Sergeant, Company C, 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment (Stonewall Brigade). He was captured at Kernstown, Virginia on March 23, 1862 and sent to Ft. Delaware, Delaware prison. Garibaldi was exchanged on August 5, 1862 and returned to duty until captured at Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia on May 12, 1864. He was again imprisoned at Ft. Delaware and was exchanged for the second time on October 30, 1864.","After the War Garibaldi was a teacher and farmer in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He died in Big Island, Bedford County, Virginia, on September 8, 1914 and is buried in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia.","Dear Miss- \nI received yours of the 24 instant just yesterday evening from which I understand with the greatest pleasure that you was well and also the whole of the family, with the whole of the neighbors around you. This leaves me enjoying a perfect good health as it has been the case always. We have had right merry Christmas, we had plenty to eat such as it was and plenty to drink, pretty near the whole of Holloway's company was drunk. The Captain bought about 10\nor 15 gallons of liquor and gave it to the company, he was right merry himself. The whole of the 27 regiment was almost drunk even the Colonels, they were drunk too.","The last letter I wrote you I told you that we were under marching orders, but we did not know where to and now that we all got back safe, except one killed out of our Regiment, belonging to the Rockbridge Rifles, and another slightly wounded by a shell belonging to the artillery, I can tell you where we have been. We left this camp on Monday morning at three o'clock and reached the Potomac river on the second day after dark, at the dam number five about ten miles above Williamsport, there we remained for four days breaking the dam in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.","The only time that we could work at it was at night in the darkest so as to keep from being shot from the Yankees from the opposite side of the river. They had full view at us in the day time, we had to descend down on the dam from a high precipice of steep rocks while they on the other side they had a small hill, which was in cultivation, to descend to the dam and had a full view at us. We, in the day time, had to march way from there and go out in the countries where we had a full view of then and then march back again in the night after about seven o'clock. We had left our tents about midway between here and the river, therefore we had no tents to sleep in, neither could we make any fire in the night in order to keep from being seen by the enemy, but we [had] good overcoats and blankets enough to keep from freezing.","There was a great large mill just below the dam, and was burn'd up by the shells thrown in there by the enemy on the second night. A company from our regiment called the Rockbridge Rifles was in the mill guarding those that were working on the dam just as the mill was set a fire from the other side they came out and that was when one of them got killed by a bombshell. They had a narrow path to go through where no more than one at a time could pass and the Yankees were throwing balls as fast as they could at the same time. Some of them remained behind rocks all day and came out at night about ten or fifteen remained there\nall day and didn't come out till night. I anxious to see the Yankees crept up behind rocks and remained there hid for about an hour and shot several times at the Yankees. After I got tire to stay there I got up and walked off, and as I was going away from my hidden place I believe\nthere was no less than five or six shot at me but none of them hitted me, it was almost too far off to be killed by a ball although there was several of the Yankees shot we could see them laying on the ground and when they were falling.","There was a constant shooting from each side of the river from morning till night, it was no regular battle only for those that wanted to fight could go and take up a position on this side of the river and fire away as much as they wanted. The general came by one evening and looked very much pleased at the boys and said pitch in boys it is a free fight. We killed a good many Yankees and they only killed one of us. After we succeeded in breaking the dam, we came back to our old camp where we now are. It is believed that we shall leave here and go to Romney to have a fight with the Yankees. This is the general belief, that we will march in a day or two and if we go Romney we shall have a hard fight in driving away the enemy from behind\ntheir fortifications. They are just now taking a list of all the cartridges we have in order to give us a full supply and march us off to Romney. I have a heap more to tell you but I haven't time to do it for we have to go out on a general review. So goodbye. I send you my likeness also. So Goodbye. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Miss Sarah A.V. Poor \nWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letter where you did the last one.","Camp Near Winchester Va. \nJanuary 28, 1862","Dear Sir: \nI take this favorable opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same. I received your little box that you send me yesterday, with two pair of gloves, a vest and a pair of socks. I sold the vest for three dollars and a half. I had bought me a vest last Christmas in Winchester and therefore I didn't need it and sold a pair of gloves\nfor one dollar and a half. I kept a pair of gloves and the pair of socks for myself.","We arrived here on the 25 from Romney and don't know how long we shall remain. We were under marching orders this morning but the order was countermanded on account of the weather which was raining very hard this morning. We don't know how long we shall stay here now; we may stay here few days longer. We were going about 4 miles from here to build shanties for the winter. We had a hard march during the whole time. We left Camp Stevenson on the New Years Day early in the morning, and took up our line of march to Bath the county seat of Morgan County.","On the fourth day after our departure, there was a fight expected with the yankees who were 1,400 strong, but there was not much of a fight. Our militia had a little fight with them and there was twenty killed and wounded in our militia. We don't know how many there was killed and wounded on the north side. The volunteers didn't shoot a gun. They didn't even see the yankees. The militia was put in front and we, the volunteers behind, to support them. Our forces consisted of about fourteen thousand, the yankees at the hearing of our approach ran away and did not make any stand. They left behind them two cannons but they spiked them before they left them. They left behind them also the right smart army [sto--], about forty thousand dollars worth. Before we left Bath we destroyed two or three bridges on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and tored up right smart track.","After that we took up our line of march to Romney, but the road was so bad that our wagons couldn't keep up and we had to wait on them for four days at the distance of about 14 miles from Bath, and after our wagons got up we started again and reached Romney on the fourth day. The yankees that were in Romney left also on double quick so that we volunteers had no fight at all except few of our cavalry and the militia. The Yankees in leaving Romeny left behind them about five hundred barrels of crackers, a large quantity of flour, clothing, ammunition, and good many other things from there. After we been there four or five days we took our line of march toward Winchester, which we reached on the third day.","Here we are now camped for two or three days and we may go away tomorrow or after tomorrow but we will not go very far. We are just going three or four miles from here to\nbuild our winter quarters and threr we shall remain for the balance of the winter and have no more marches for this winter. I'll have time to write to you oftner than I did before. The Captain is at home on a furlow and he has all my money. If I had some with me I would send you ten dollars, but the Captain's furlow will soon be out and he'll come back. I will get some money and send it to you.","We had a march of twenty five days. We suffered right smart cold weather during that time, for good many had no tent and they had to lay out on the wet over snow beds and\nsnow falling at the same time. Good many took sick and never will get better. They are dying nine or ten almost every day. There is about three hundred in the hospital\nbelonging to our brigade, the whole of them got sick by the exposure of the weather. Thank goodness I have stood up very well and never got sick yet. I was on every march,\nand did my duty as well as any soldier ever did. I feel very well, only I have a little cough.","Bath is now in posession of our militia and Romney is now protected by about eight thousand volunteers, partly Virginians, South Carolinians, and some from Arkansas. My\ncandle is nearly out and I must quit writing for tonight. So good night Dear Sarah. Good night sleep well. I hope I will see by and by.","January 30","Having some what leisure time this morning to finish my letter, I thought it fit to finish it off and send it to you. We left that Camp in the next morning and marched about six miles to a place where we will remain for the balance of the winter here. We are going to build shanties to live in. As we were going to Romney we passed where the Yankees had been and I saw near all the houses had been burned up by them. The hogs stuck with the bayonet, some shot the cattle, and the sheep were treated like wise. As we were coming from Romney by another road altogether, we met with an equal destruction.","They killed an old shoemaker, and then burned him up in his house. At another place again they killed another man, who had a wife and three or four small children, and\nafterward they set fire to the house driving his wife and children out of the door. The lady tried to go in the house to try to take out some furniture in order to keep it from burning, but they would not let her so that every thing was burned up, with the corpse of her husband. As we were coming by some found some of his bones in pieces and\nthey put them in their pocket as a relic. As soon as that woman saw our brigade coming she began to cry thinking that may be we were yankees.","Dear Miss, I could come home for two months on a furlow by reenlisting for two years longer, for nobody can get any furlow any more unless he reenlist for two years or during the war. But I don't think I will for I have only three months and a half to stay now and then our time will be out, and I don't intend to volunteer any more. I shall belong to the militia myself for I see that the militia don't have so much hard ship to go thru as the volunteers have, and they are getting the same wages and the same kind of rations, and they have more liberty than we. Only the militia has to make the first attack on the enemy, and then the volunteers come in at the last. So I think I'll come and stay at home untill they draft me. Good many have already reenlisted and are gone home on furlow. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and to all of the family also and remain your affectionate lover untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","To Miss Sarah A. W. Poor \nEnclose you will find four envelops with postage stamps on. The name of this Camp is Zollicoffer I think. I haven't quite understood it [quite] well yet but I will tell you the Name of it better some other time. You will please write to me as soon as this comes to hands and direct your letter to \nWinchester Va. Care of Captain L. T. Hollowy. 27th Reg. Va. Vols.","Camp near Bunker Hill, October 24, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few line I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands, may find you enjoying the same blessings. I arrived here yesterday morning safe. We had to walk from Staunton to this place, about one hundred and fifteen miles distant.\nIt is the general opinion of the men and officers that we shall not stay here long, that we shall either advance again into Maryland or retreat back up the Valley on account that we are too far from any railroad branch, and can't get [means] for transportation. There is no yankee of any amount on this side of the Potomac.","I haven't any news to tell you at this time. I haven't been in the camp long enough to learn any. The boys here are as lively as crickets, just as lively as if it was in time of peace, or as if they were at home. There is thirty four men in our compnay fit for duty. Our company makes up\nnear half of the regiment, it is no more than a good company the whole regiment. They nearly all deserted or went home on a French. There is some few sick and wounded but not many. There was only twelve in the Battle of Sharpsburg in Maryland out of our regiment. The balance remained behind, and the most of them never went across the river. Patrick [Hai----], that use to work up on the mountain is dead. He was wounded in the late battle of Manassas in one of his knees and died.","Every thing is quiet here in the Camp. Dear I could not even buy me a sheet of paper in Winchester to write to you. There is none to be bought. The boys are writing on paper that they have captured on the battle field. When ever you write to me you must send me a blank sheet of paper in your letter. The boys say that we shall soon have our pay and if so, I will send you some. Dear I would like to see you, and feel lonesome for you. Give my best respects to mother, Russia, [illegible] and to all the enquiring friends. So nothing more at present but to reamin you affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Allen, Clarke County, VA. \nNovember 2, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith this opportunity I set myself down to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand may find you enjoying the same blessing. I thought I set down this morning to write you these few lines in order to tell you where and how to direct your answers, being that I think I forgot it on my last letter. It is very hard to get paper to write,\nenvelops or postage stamps either. I couldn't a postage stamp in the company and I had to tear a leaf off an old book in order to write you this letter and I am bound to send it without prepayment.","We are soon to have a pay day, and I have about one hundred and fifty dollars of which, if I can get a chance, I want send you one hundred and thirty, and if I don't get chance to send them to you I intend to take a French furlow and fetch them home myself if I can.","I have no news whatever to write to you now. Everything is peacable in the camp, but I don't know how long it will remain so. There has been cannonading heard this morning in the direction of Harpers Ferry, and it is said that the enemy is crossing large force over the Potomac. We don't get chance to see any newspaper at all and have no news to tell you at present. You must write to me as often as you can for I am very glad to hear from you at all times. Dear I am lonesome for you and would like to be with you, but I hope that the Lord will spare my life long enough to come home again and to see peace restored once more in our\ncountry. But there ain't much sign of peace now for I heard the cannons whilst I am writing. The following shall be the dirction with which you shall send me your letter. \nMr. John Garibaldi \n27th Va. Regt. Company C. \nCare of Captain C. L. Haynes \nFirst Brigade \nJackson's Division","Nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. John Garibaldi.","To Sarah A. Garibaldi. Give my best respects to the whole of the family. I haven't been able to see George yet.","Camp Bailor. November 20th 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying the same blessings.","Having somewhat time to spare now and thinking that we are going to have some long march, for we have just received orders to cook a day's ration and be ready to march in the morning by day light, therefore I may not have time to write to you any more for some time. I thought I better write this present in order to let you know that I am well. I have written you three letters and this makes the fourth one and yet I have not received any answer for them and in my last one I have enclosed five dollars and would like to know whether you received them or not.","Please write to me and don't care how often you do write if it is twice a week I'll be very glad to receive them, for nothing will satisfie me but to hear from you. You are the only one that I care for in this world, and I expect that I am the only one that you care for too. Let us not therefore abandon each other, let not distance be the cause of our forgetfulness. Little did we get to stay\ntogether but I hope that, if God wills, we shall reunite ourselves together, again, never to be parted except by death and I hope that we shall never forsake the hour in which we were united together by ties of matrimony, that we shall lead a happy life together and agreeable as\nit becomes two married people. A day is not passing without thinking of the one I left behind.","Dear We were paid out about three weeks ago and I received one hundred and fifty dollars and wish that I could put them in your hands. You said that you'd think yourself rich if you had one hundred dollars in pocket and I wish I could satisfie you to give them to you. To send them\nin a letter I don't like to trust, so that I shall have to wayt an opportunity to send them to you by hands, or untill I come home myself.","Dear I must tell you that I was appointed Sergeant here lately, my pay is now seventeen dollars per month. George Gilbert Was Sergnt himself but was broken on account of his straggling out from the company without permission, as we were marching through Winchester, and stayed away four or five days. David Gilbert was Corporal and was broken\nfrom his office for the same offence. John Hepler is Corporal now in place of David Gilbert himself. There was sever other noncommissioned officers from our company broken for the same offence.","There is some talk about us going back to Camp Zollicoffer where we made our winter quarters last winter, and we will then be stationed in our old shanties that we built last winter. Dear Give my best respects to mother, Russian, Isiah, Sale, and Mary and to all the neighbors. If there is any furlow given this winter I shall get one, for I am entitle to it and come home and stay, and we shall enjoy ourselves ittle more. Dear thre some little talk of peace about the camp, some thinks that next spring will bring peace and we shall all then come home and rejoin our wives once more. Dear I can't get no postage stamps in Winchester. They thought that we were going to evacuate the place and they send them all away so that I can not pay for the letters that I am sending you, but as soon as I can get any I shall commence to pay for the letter. Dear I have no news to tell you now. I shall just end my letter by wishing you all the good that the world can afford you and try to take good care for yourselves so nothing more at present, but remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me as soon as you get this letter and direct your letters all the time to Mr. John Garibaldi, Comapny C., 27th Va. Regt.","Enclose you will find two dollars which you will keep and make use of it as necessity requires you.","To Mrs. Sarah A.V. Garibaldi.","Dear you must write to me at least once a week so good by Dear Wife.","Camp Winder \nJanuary 4, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I hope to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand will find you enjoying the same blessing. I received three letters from you since I have been with the company and have been awaiting the fourth one but I haven't seen it yet. I hastened therefore to write this present one and to tell you to send me one and don't care whether you either write it or buy me one and send it to me so I may get a letter from you.","I have send you sixty seven dollars since I have been in the Company and would like to know whether you received it or not. I have more to send you but would like to know if you got that I send you before I send you any more. I send fifty dollars enclosed in a letter to Mr. Pursinger by Mr. Lamby just few days before Christmas which I hope you shall have received before this time. You now can buy yourself a cow if you see one that suits you and if Mother is going to sell that little colt you can buy it too provide you can keep him.","I do not know when I shall get chance to come home. It may be that I'll be able to come home but I think it very doubtful. There is no chance for any furlow at present and I don't know when there will be any. There is a heap talk of peace now in the north, but I wouldn't put no dependence in them. But after while I think they'll get tire to get whipt and they will then give us up for a bad joke but that may not be for a good while.","I have not much to tell you at this time. I wrote to you day before Christmas and told you all the news I knew then about the battle. I have written to MackPherson, to old man [A---] and to Pursinger several times since the battle. [illegible] soon have another pay day. Dear you must write to me as often as you can and beg to take good care for yourself until I come home and stay with you and I hope that we shall never forget the hour in which we were joined together but that bless the day on which you and I were joined together with the ties of Matrimony. I\nshall quit writing by just remind you to write to me and wish you all the good that the world can afford you and remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah A. V. Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall first Virginia Brigade \nCare of Captain Charles L. Wagner.","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 18, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI received your kind and affectionate letter of the fourth instant from which I understood with pleasure that you and the house hold was all well. I would have written to you sooner, but I was on Picket when I received it and had therefore no chance to answer. We came back last night late and I thought I would answer it today.","I received them two pair of socks that you send me by Lee H.B. Terry which I was very glad to receive and stood in need of. Now the next thing I like you to do by the next opportunity offered it is to send me some black and white thread if you can get it anywhere and some hard soap as we can't get any anywhere.","I have only received four letters from you since I have been with the Company and have heard that you have only received four from me, but if I have written four letters I have written a dozen of them. In one of them I have enclosed five dollars in another two dollars in another ten dollars and in another fifty dollars. I have heard that you have received the five dollars the two dollars and the fifty dollars but don't hear anything about the ten dollars. You will please to write to me and tell whether you have received the ten dollars or not. I would send you some more but I am afraid to send them in a letter. But if Henry Gilliland is coming on a furlow which\nI expect he will do before long I will by him. I have applied for one myself but I don't know whether I will get it yet or not. Perhaps I will get one before the winter is over, but it will only be for fifteen days furlow.","I have no news to tell you at this time but to tell you that this leaves me well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C, 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, Jackson's Corps","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 27, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written to you week before last in response to the one that you send me by Lee A.B. Terry, for which I haven't yet, received any answer. Dear you must write to me often for I would like to hear from you every week, for I feel lonesome enough and my getting no letter from you makes me more lonesome still; you will please therefore to write to me weekly if you want please me. I have written to you\nabout a douzen of letters and haven't received but four letters yet.","I have some money to send you but I am afraid to risk it in this letter. The next safe opportunity I will get I shall send you sixty dollars again. If you see a cow worth buying you may buy it provide that mother has feed enough to keep her and if she wants to sell her little coult you can buy it too, and give her the price that she would get from anybody else.","Dear I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we all are enjoying as good health as we ever did. We haven't had any snow here yet, the first snow I have seen this winter it was after we had crossed the blue ridge in coming from the valley, and it didn't stay on the ground\ntwenty four hours but we didn't have any snow here yet, on the contrary is warm enough here now, to go on our shirt sleeves, and it has been so all the time for nearly the whole of this month. But we have had right smart rain here in this month and when it wasn't rayning, it was clear and pretty weather, and warm.","We are under marching orders all the time. We are keeping a day's ration cooked ahead all the time and last night was renewed again, we were expecting to march away from here this morning but we are here yet, and it may be that we will stay here yet for weeks, and it may be that we will have to leave here in an hour from now, so that you see we don't know anything about it. It depend altogether upon the movement of the enemy. The prospects are good here for another fight, the yankees are making appearance before Fredericksburg some time but it is not known whether they are in for good or not, although the papers says that they have already crossed the river but it is northern news, and it aint so, for we haven't saw anything of them yet, but it is the general belief among the camp that they will not try to cross here anymore. The troops are removed from here little at time to other fields, and it may be that the next fight will be somewhere else.","You must send me little soap by the next chance you get, (hard soap I mean) we have to pay dollar per pound here and can't get it at that. You will please to send me little thread black and white if you please, provide you can get it. I have nothing more to tell you at present, but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Please direct to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols., care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nStonewall Paxton's Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, \nnear Fredericksburg.","Let this direction be a permanent one untill I tell you to direct your letters some where else.","Mrs Sarah A.V. Garibaldi \nBy the Politeness of Miss Georgeanne Lockheart","Camp Winder \nFebruary 26, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same blessings. As Henry Gilliland is coming home on a furlough I thought I would send you these few lines although I have written you letter by mail in the begining of this week, and send you another by Lieutenant Clark last week and send you fifty dollars . Whenever you write to me I want you to tell me whether you received it or not the last letter that I received from you was dated the 26 of January. You said that you was going to send me a comfort by somebody but I have one so you need not send it to me.","I have nothing to tell you at this time. I want you to send me some black and white thread and some red peper if you have any. The fifty dollars that I send you by Lieutenant Clark they were enclosed in a letter directed to you and in care of Lee Pursinger. I told him that if he has no time to fetch it to Pursinger himself to leave it with Gilly [J---] or with [McCordy] in Covington and to tell them to give it to Pursinger whenever they get chance. I have nothing more to tell you at present but tell you that I remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To his wife","Give my best respects to mother Sisters and brothers","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nMarch 24, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I received your letter, that you send me by Henry Gilliland, from which I understood with sorrow that Isaiah and Sala had departed from this world. I had heard that Isaiah was so sick that it was [un]likely he would recover in one of your last letters, but you thought that Sala would get\nbetter therefore I did not expect that Sala would die. I am very sorry of all that but my sorrow wouldn't prevail anything. You must try to take care of yourself and do the best you can.","I have send you twenty dollars by Mr. [Gordy] when he left here and have never heard anything of it so whenever you write you must let me know something about and also of them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark. I have received some cakes, some thread and some red pepper that you have sended me by Henry Gilliland. You said that you send me some more soap by the next chance you will get but I must tell you that I have plenty soap now and I don't want anything at present, it is likely that we shall march by and by and I want be as light as possible for I expect we shall have hard time yet before the war will be over.","Johnson Boyar send me a cake sugar by Henry Gilliland. I have not much news to tell you now. You will give my best respects to Miss Sarah Johnson and to Mr. Pursinger. You must write to me oftner if you can. I was in hope of getting a furlow but they have stopped giving them now and there is no more chance of my coming home now untill next winter unless we are all discharged and peace made before that time. I could have got one if Mr. Evans had come back as soon as his was out but he stayed about nine days after his time was out and when he came back there was no more furloes to be recommended so I was out of my furlow,\nbut I hope that we will have peace before next winter and we shall all come home and remain for good.","Give my best respects to George and tell him that he must write to me. Give my best respects to Mother and [Russia] L. also and tell them to take good care of themselves. So nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nWrite as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you use to do","Camp Winder \nMarch 29, 1863","Dear Wife: \nAs we are on the eave of a march and the commencement of the spring campaign I thought it better to write you this letter in order to let you know that I am yet in this camp and well, but every indication seems that we are on the verge of move as we had order to pack up all our extra bagages that we can not carry on our shoulder and send it away to Richmond. The days are getting long and the weather dryer and it shall soon pleasant enough to admit of active movement. I might not have time to write to you as regular as I have done, but you must write to me steadier, and not await to write to me untill you get a letter from me, but just write to me as often as it will be convenient to you. It has been long time since I haven't received a letter from you by mail, don't be too stinger in saving writing paper. This is leaving me well at present except a bad cold and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same good health that you was enjoying when I last saw you.","Although there is a heap of talk about fighting, I think that there wouldn't be as much fighting this summer as there was last summer. There may be a fight or two here and if we whip them I think they give it up provide we don't go to Maryland. But if we go there I think we shall some tall fighting to do. This winter they intended to do active operations with there navy but they have been idle all the winter. The biggest navy ever was witnessed went to threaten Charleston but having arrived to the place of operation they paused and hesitated before the harbor as if they was afraid of attacking it and they have never attacked Charleston yet, and if they don't make an attack within two or three weeks from now I doubt very much whether it ever will be attacked or not, the reason of this is that they have been whipped so often that they are afraid to be whipped again.","The furloughs have been suspended for the present and it is very likely that there will not be any more granted untill next winter, but I hope that by that time we shall have peace and that we shall all come home to stay with our families never to be divided any more unless by death.\nDear you must tell me whether you have received the money that I send you or not. I send you 50 dollars by Lieutenant Clark and when he come home on furlough, and twenty dollars by Mr. McCordy afterward of which I haven't heard anything of it. Dear, if there is anybody administering on Captain Holloway's Estate, you must give that account that I left you to Pursinger and let him make the best of it and get the money if he can.","Dear whenever I come home I will try to fetch you something but I don't know what it will be. If you want anything particular you must write to me about, and if my purse shall contain enough to buy it with I shall be happy to please you, but every thing is so high now that it almost take fortune to buy any thing. At the same time if you may make use of the money that I have send you if you see anything worth buying, and make use of it.","Give my respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson and to all the neighbors around you. To Mr. Pursinger also and keep a [illegible] for yourself, mother Russia and George if this shall come to hand before he shall have gone back to the army and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi \nStill direct you letters as you allways did. So Good by.","Camp Winder \nApril 14, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written three or four letters since Henry Gilliland come home for which I haven't yet received any answer, neither can I tell the falt that keeps me from getting letters from you. If you are out papers you will please write to me and I will send you a blank sheet every time I write. You will please to write me every week weather you get any letters from me or not, and that is the I am doing too wether I get letters or not I write every week. You will please to tell me whether you have received them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark or not and the twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. McCordy the next time you write. If I get chance I shall send you some more money during the next month.","Our wages have been increased four dollars per month and at that rate I am getting twenty one dollars per month. That is to comence the first of January, which it will make it sixteen dollars of extra wages due us by the first of May. We shall be paid off again in the begining of\nMay and there will be fifty dollars due me by that time, and if I get chance to send them to you I shall send you some money during next month, for I don't care about keeping much money with me.","Dear We have been expecting to move from here for more than a weak but we haven't moved yet and I can't tell you how long we shall remain here but I don't [think] we shall stay in this camp much longer provide the weather will keep as drie as it does now, at least that is the general opinion among private soldiers and officers. We have been preparing to move for sometime. We have send away our extra bagages for about two weaks, and only kept with us\na blanket an overcoat and a change of clothes. Whenever we shall go on a march the officers shall have to carry their knapsacks on their backs just like we common soldiers. They were drawing knapsacks from the commissary to day to put their clothes in.","Dear I have no news to tell you now of any importance. You must try to take a good care of yourself. Give my best respects to Mother and Russia and to the neighbors and keep a shear {share} for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Still direct your letters to Mr. John Garibaldi, Company C, 27th Va. \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes, Stonewall Brigade, Trimbles' Division \nNear Fredericksburg","April 30, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You will excuse the\npencil writing as I am now in place where ink is too inconvenient to be procured. We are now in the battle field where the cannons are firing over us and I expect that tomorrow we shall have a general engagement.","I received your truly welcome letter of the 19th instant from which I understood that you and mother and Russia and I was very glad to hear from you. I have no news to tell you at present only that we are in the battle field drawn up in line of battle this evening and that the cannons began to roar this evening. How we will come out I am not able to tell you, but I hope that we will be able to whip them. I shall quit writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband until death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to mother Russia Lucinda Bush Sarah Johnson to Mr. and Mrs. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends and keep a shear {share} for yourself. So good by.","May 9, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this blessed oppurtunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessing. I have written you a letter the last day of April with a pencil because I had no other way to write it and I hope that you have received it and will write to me every time you get chance.","Dear I must tell you that we have been engaged in a hot battle since I last wrote to you and with the help of God I came out safe but out of about forty of our company that went in to the fight last Sunday there was only about thirty came out safe.","Dear I must tell you that Lee A.B. Terry got wounded in wrist. There was six hundred and fifty odd killed out of our brigade and wounded. Our brigade went into battle twice, and the second time charged over the yankee brest works and ran the yankees away from there. Men fell on both side of me and if it had not been that God was with me I believe I'd fell too. I saw a man at my left hand who was shot in the face and when he fell he grabbed me by the legs and I got loose from him by jurking away from him. I expect he wanted me to help him out of the battle field but it was against my order to do it because there was men detailed for that purpose. In that fight I got me a portfolio full of writing paper and envelops which I needed badly and an oil cloth coat, our boys are now well supplied of oil cloths.","We got in the rear of the yankees saturday and we were fighting nearly all night saturday and all Sunday. We got thirty pieces of artillery. I can't tell you how many small arms but we have got any number of them. There was yankee knapsacks enough left on the ground to supply our whole army. The blankets were laying there in piles and were trampelled over by our men in the mudd. I never saw so much waste of property in my life. The enemy was laying behind their breastworks sunday morning with their\nknapsacks off and blankets and when they saw us coming they ran away leaving every thing behind them.","We are now encamped in the wood here close to Fredericksburg but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed by good many that we shall have another battle before long, but I hope that we shall have some rest now for a while for we have been laying out in battlefields and without tents for nearly ten days and during that time we haven't had a whole night of sleep and been laying all the time under arms. The enemy is now across the river and I don't know how long he shall remain there.","I have giving you some account of the sunday battle but I expect you shall have heard of it before this [letter] will come to hands and perhaps you shall have heard some fuller accounts than I have given you because them around the battle field not actually ingaged generally knows more about the battle than them that were engaged in it. If my\nhead was right for wrighting you some thing about the battle I might perhaps tell you something more but as I don't [feel] enclined on account of their being such noise in it as I heard in the battle field. But if as soon as I get chance I shall write you again and tell you something more about the battle.","Dear I must tell you that {I saw}George Poor before and after the battle and he was well and he came out safe of the battle, and he sends you all his best respects. I hadn't time to speak to him long. I saw him Friday evening before the battle and only had time to shake hands with him. Then I saw him again tuesday after the battle and hadn't time to speak to him long then as we were ordered off again immediately, but he told me he was well, and came out safe of the battle field and he sends you all his best respects. You must write to me soon and direct your letter as you did before.","Mr. John Garibaldi, care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nCompany C 27th Va. Infantry \nStonewall Brigade \nNear Fredericksburg","John R. Hepler sends you all his best respects and he is well. I shall finish off writing by giving you to mother and Russia my best repects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Fredericksburg Va. \nMay 11, 1863","Dear Wife: \nHaving somewhat leisure time to write to you this beautiful monday evening I will seat myself down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter last weak but not knowing whether you received it or not I thought I would write you this present one, as I have chance to send it to Covington by Mr. Lamby.","We have had some very hard time begining from the 29 of last month up to the about the six of May. On the 29th of last month we left our winter quarters on account of the\nenemy having crossed the Rappahannock and marched up to Hamilton's crossing about eight miles distant. There we slept two nights in a wheat field. It rained nearly all\nthe time and we were to lay out and take it. On the first of May, in the morning, having learned that the enemy, or part of it, had crossed higher up the river about thirty miles, and was marching down on the Fredericksburg plank road, aiming to flank the crest of hills surrounding Fredericksburg, our division and some other divisions with it started up the river on the plank road on which the enemy was coming down and slept that {there} on the battle field where the enemy had been repulsed by the advance of our army. The next morning we started again, and mile or two brought us up in front of the enemy. There we halted for about an hour, and afterward left the main road and took a small county road to left, we marched about twelve miles leaving the enemy at our right, and got in the rear in the evening at about two or three o'clock, where the yankees didn't expect us to attack them.","There the fighting commenced. One of our division took the front and drove the enemy for about two or three miles, drove the yankees out of their breastworks but fortunately\nfor us that them breastworks were not made to defend themselves in the rear, but they were made to defend themselves in front where the enemy expected us to attack them, they took several batteries and good many prisoners.","They made several charges on us during Saturday night but they were repulsed all the time and we took that night a whole brigade and their general prisoners. We spended\nthe whole of Saturday night drawn up in line of battle and changing positions. Sunday morning found our Brigade drawn in line of battle in as very thick bushes and small timber at the enemy's right, and at about day light, or may be little after, they commenced cannonading over our head and it looked like that they had commenced early in the morning just for a day's work, but fortunately for us that their balls [and] shells went all over our heads, and none of our Brigade got killed in that place that I have heard.","At about eight o'clock the enemy moved all his infantry forces on our right in order to overpower us and [cut] their way through us and commenced the firing of small arms, and we were then moved to the right where the enemy was presing the most, and there we were engaged twice. The first time we were engaged we lost our Brigadier General,\nand in about 15 minutes we were ordered to fall back and then we fell back behind the breastworks behind which the enemy had been dislodged by our sharpshooters about\nfifteen or twenty minutes before. And while we were thus laying behind them breastworks which were built by the enemy the night previous General Stuart rode by and our Brigade gave them three cheers, and he then told us to advance.","We then went in again and ran the enemy for about a quarter of a mile and ran them out of two lines of entrenchments, but without no little loss, we took several pieces of cannons, some prisoners and several artillery horses. Out of twenty two hundred of our Brigade there was six hundred and twelve killed and wounded, and out of about thirty five out of our company there was nine killed and wounded. Our orderly Sergeant was killed dead on the battle field. His name was William Scanlon. He was an Irishman and a good Soldier who had been through all the war of Mexico and was a very steady soldier. Another one, a little fellow who came as a substitute [illegible] by the name of John Archy was mortally wounded in the head and died two or three days after. William Evans was wounded somewhere above the knee and it is feared that he will not live. Another fellow by the name of Caleb Griffith was wounded in the nexk, but he is going about and there is no danger of him. James H. Forbes was wounded in the arm but it is thought that he will get better. Isaac Reynolds was wounded somewhere in the leg and he is going about. Lee A. B. Terry was wounded in the wrist but he will get better, and I expect that he is come home and he'll tell you the same news I do. Colonel James K. Edmondson of our regiment had his army cut off.","General T. J. Jackson died day before yesterday at about one o'clock in the afternoon. He did not die on account of his wound, he die of the newmony {pneumonia}. He was wounded early on the Saturday night the second of May, it is said by our men. When the enemy was making them charges on us he accidently or some how or other happened to be between our men and the enemy in one of them charges with several other Generals, and they rode toward our lines. At the approach of the enemy and of his musketry and our men hearing such noise through the bushes thought it was the\nenemy's cavalry and they fired into them wounding two Generals and a Colonel.","Yesterday there was an escort of honor of about two hundred and fifty detailed out of our Brigade to accompany General Jackson's corpse to Richmond and I was one among them, but before we could march down to Guinea Station about eight miles distant from our camp, the remains of our General had been removed on the Rail Road and so we were about an hour too late.","We took about ten thousand yankee prisoners, thirty pieces of Artillery and about forty thousand stands of small arms. There is no end to the knapsacks that the enemy left\nbehind him on the battle field, there was knapsacks enough I believe to supply our whole army. They principally full of crackers and they came to play pretty well with us\nas our rations ran out the day before. They had eight days of provisions with them, they had brought not much clothing with them only a change of underclothes, [and] their portofolios full of writing paper and envelops to write letters at home after the battle, and their pen and ink. All that I did get is a portfolio with paper and envelops in it, some yankee postage stamps, some crackers, a pair of clean new drawers, some ink and an oil cloth coat. Our men have now plenty of oil clothes, and fear rain no more. After our men had done picked up all the oil clothes and blankets and overcoats there was any quantity still left on the ground tramped in the mud.","Our whole loss was estimated at eight thousand. The battle is now over for the present and we are now encamped stationary for a while resting but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed that the enemy will try some where else before long and if he did seek refuge across the Rappahannock, it is believed he will make his\nappearance again as balloon has been seen now for two days in succession, viewing this side of the river.","Mr. Lamby is here now and he is now going to start so I will finish my writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death, John\nGaribaldi.","Give my best respects to elder Lee Pursinger and you might let him read this letter just for information sake. Enclosed you will find two or three yankee postage stamps just for you keepsake.","Write to me as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you did before. I saw George Poor after the fight and he wasn't hurt but I hadn't time to speak to him long. He sends you all his best respects. So Good by.","Camp Near Hamilton Station. \nMay 28, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you three\nletters since the late battle and this makes the fourth for which I haven't yet received any answer. I am awayting for an answer from you almost every day but that answer never came yet. You must write to me often if you are able if it is twice a weak.","We are now encamped here behind Fredericksburg and have been here since the battle but don't know how long we shall yet remain here but I don't think we shall remain here long, for I have heard that Longstreet's forces have had orders to cook three days rations and be ready to march in a moment's warning.","I am sending you this letter by hand as Mr. Raynolds is here now from Alleghany and he is going to start back\ntomorrow. I will give it to him, and I think he is the shorest mail yet. I have no news to write to you at present. You will direct your letter to John Garibaldi\nCo. C., 27th Regt. Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Johnson's Divison.","Just after I had sealed up my letter Mr. Pursinger arrived here just from Alleghany and I thought I would send you this letter by him and twenty five dollars with it. I shall send also by him two neck comforts. Write to me\nsoon and don't wait for letters untill you write because the letters don't come safe. I wrote to you three letters\nhere lately, send them by mail and you haven't received any.","John Hepler is well. Thomas Arrington is well also and he is with the company doing duty. They both send their best respects to you. Give my best respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson. I received the letter that you sended me by Mr. Pursinger and was glad to learn that you mother and Russia was well. Give them my best respects and keep a good share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs Sarah A.V.P. Garibaldi.","Camp Paxton. \nJune 3, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We have received marching orders today and don't know when I will get chance to write you another. We just cooked three days rations and put them in the haversacks and we are now ready to march at a moments warning. It may be that we'll start this evening, or tonight or wait till tomorrow morning but that we are going to commence an active campaign. It is the belief of every body in the army, and it may be that we will take another trip into Maryland before the summer shall end.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time. I wrote to you by Lee Pursinger and sended you twenty five dollars, and told you all the news I knew. I send home also a dozen of yankee envelops with stamps on it and two comforts which I had [no] use of them with me. You will please to send me little soap next chance you get as we can't get any of it here of any amount. You will please to write to me oftner than you do and direct your letter as you always did. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and also to Mother and Sister Russia and to all my enquiring friends and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","to Sarah Garibaldi","Camp Stephenson, Frederick County, Va. \nJune 16, 1863","I take this blessed opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I will tell you know that I survived another storm and that it pleased God to let me come out unhurt from the battle field. We have now here in the valley about forty thousand men, the corps of Lieutenant General Ewell, and what is the object for taking us here I am not able to tell you. I know that it wasn't necessary to take opposite of forty thousand men here to whip and take seven or eight thousand yankees.","We arrived here in the valley and in the vicinity of Winchester last Saturday and surrounded the town. General Rode's Division went down to Martinsburg to cut off their reinforcement who, upon being attacked by the yankee reinforcement whipped them back and captured all their\nordnance train. Sunday morning we drew closer around Winchester, that is our Division and Early's Division, and toward Sunday evening got our artillery in position and began to bombard their fortifications, but too well fortified to charge on their fortifications but we could have taken them with a heavy loss, so the commander of our corps General Ewell left a gap open thinking that they will try to get out during the night and thus make its escape, and he fell on the right plan. During Sunday night the yankee General spiked all its artillery and left every thing behind them and before they got about four miles from town they were headed our division and they had to fight us on open ground.","The battle commenced before it was clear day and lasted about an hour an half. As the enemy had left all their artillery behind them they had none to fight us with but small arms. They tryed to charge on our battery three times and repulsed each time. Then they commenced retreating and we followed, and they surrendered, five yankee regiments gave to our our brigade and surrendered. They staked arms for us, hung their accoutrements and gave themselves up to us as prisoners of war. Our brigade alone took six of their flag.","There was but few killed and wounded out of our Brigade and them were out skirmishing. None of our company got hurt. Henry Gilliland requested to tell you to tell his family that he is alright, and that he would write in a few days. John R. Hepler also requested me to tell you to\nlet Barny Johnson know that he is well and that he would write to them in a few days. This was the cheapest victory ever was achieved yet without the loss of so many lives.","We feel very much tired out marching from around Fredericksburg to this place, and we are now under marching orders again. We cooked three days rations, and filled up our haversacks with it and we are to be ready to march by eleven o'clock.","I haven't much more to tell you at this time, only that I want you to write to me oftner than you do. Give my best respects to Lee Pursinger and family, to Barny Johnson and family and to Sarah Johnson and family and keep a portion for you, for mother and Sister Russia and Remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nDirect Your letters to Winchester, Frederick County, Va. \nCo. C. 27th Va. Regt Vols, \nStonewall Brigade \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes.","Washington County Maryland. July 10, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this present opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am yet alive, but my health is not very good though I am yet doing duty. I haven't received a letter from you since the seventeenth of May last nor I haven't heard any thing about you. You must write often at least once a week. I haven't written to you now for some time because I hadn't chance but when I had I send you a letter every week.","We crossed the Potomac river on the 18 of June. We have been up nearly to Harrisburg the capitol of Pennsylvania. We then came back and met the enemy at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and fought for three days. We whipt him badly the first day, and it then fell back, took up a strong position and threw entrenchments and repulsed us. We then fell back ourselves and took up a position but the enemy refused to attack us. After staying there a day without being attacked we fell back across the mountains where we are now about thirteen miles from the Potomac.","The river is completely swelled by the heavy rains so that we can't ford it for a week and it is believed that before we will cross the river the enemy will come and attack us and that it will be a very big battle. We have about fifteen thousand yankee prisoners that belongs to our corps besides them of Longstreet, and A.P. Hill's corps to fetch to Virginia. Our loss is pretty heavy. There was thirteen out of our company killed and wounded. Henry Gilliland was killed dead on the field. William Lawson was killed, David and Lee Gilbert were badly wounded, John Hepler was slightly wounded and the Captain and Lieutenant Clark.","I haven't time to write any more because that man is going to start out so nothing more at present but to reamin your affectionate husband untill Death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County, Va. \nJuly 19, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received yours of the 15 of June last few days ago from which I understood with gladness that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","You are complaining in your last letter that I don't write to you but that aint so for when I am in camp I write to you at least every weak. Two or three weeks have passed without writing to you but we were constantly marching in Pennsylvania and Maryland and the mail was right smartly interrupted so that we could neither receive nor send a letter. The last letter I wrote to you was written with the pencil, and it was whilst I was in Maryland.","I saw brother Geroge there and he told me that he had came out of the fight safe and that he was well. He asked me when I had heard from you all, and whether you was [well], and sends his best love to you all. You must try to write me oftner if you can.","I could write to you, now, something about the time we have had in Maryland and Pennsylvania but I think it almost unnecessary as I expect you have heard all about it\nbefore this time. The people of Pennsylvania treated us very kindly but I think it was only from their teeth out. When we went to their houses they gave us plenty to eat of every thing they had. They are living in a very flourishing countries, plenty of good wheat, plenty of the best meadows I ever saw in my life. The generality of the people haven't got more than eighty acres of land and they have it in highest state of cultivation and living like princes almost. They seem to be very much unconcerned\nabout the war, very seldom they see a soldier, and they hardly know what war is, but if the war was to be carried on there as long as it was carried on in Virginia they would learn the effects of it, and perhaps would soon be willing to make peace like we are.","Thomas Arrington sends you all his best respects and he is well. Henry Gilliland was killed in the Gettysburg fight. I shall finish writing by giving you, to Russia and mother\nmy best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill Death, John Garibaldi.","Camp Stone Brigade \nAugust 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received your kind and affectionate letters yesterday evening dated July the 11 and 23 which afforded great deal of satisfaction in learning that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter about four or five days ago, which I do not know whether you have or will receive it or not. We don't get half the mail that is send to us. When ever there too much of mail and too troublesome to be distribute it they just destroy it, especially when on a march. So it is very uncertainly, when you write to me, whether I will get the letter or not. The only thing is to keep writing and among so much perhaps we will get hear from each other sometime.","I have no news of any importance to write you at present. We have been encamped for three or four days on the plank road near Orange Court House but I don't know how long we shall remain here. The last camp we left, we started from it at about sundown and marched and marched about nine miles before we stopped, that was the same day that I wrote to you. We started again in the next morning at half after six and came here in the evening. We don't know when shall leave here but we may go at any time.","It is the general belief that the war will be over by next spring and that we shall all come home. I wish I was at home now and be with you for I am getting tire of this war and would like to come home to see you. The weather is very hot here now. I wish I was at home to thrash my wheat but as I can't come you all must try to get it thrashed the best way you can, but I don't expect there will be much to thrash as they all complain that it is all to thin on the ground and I expect that mine is the same way.","Give my best respects to mother and Sister Russia and tell her that I am sorry to hear that she was sick for wanting of a beau, but tell her that she must be patient. Give my respects also to Sarah Johnson, to Mr. Pursinger, to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 14, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written\nto you three or four letters since we crossed the Potomac for which I haven't yet received any answer, only them two that I got from John Tingler and they were no answer to the ones I wrote to you.","We are now encamped about two miles and a half from Orange Courthouse on the plank road, and have been resting for a while , haven't nothing to do yet since we have been\nhere except guard and picket duty and it may be that we will remain here for several weaks yet. There is the best season here we have had for some time. It rains two or\nthree times a weak, and the corn looks better about here now than any corn I have yet seen. We pay one dollar dozen for roasting ears but they are pretty big ones. We received pay for two months three or four days ago, and we will draw two more months in the begining of September.","You will please to send me some socks for the next winter, a pair of woolen gloves and some soap. We have to pay three dollars per pound for soap now. I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are all well, but we don't quite get anything to eat, we sometime buy extra flour and pay at the rate of sixty dollars per barrel. I wish I was at home to sow some more wheat this fall, you must tell me how many bushels of wheat you threshed out of them five bushels that I sowed last fall and how many bushels it took to make a bushel. I have nothing more to tell you at this time only to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letters as follow \nMr. John Garibaldi \nCo. C. 27th Regt Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Second army corps, Army of Northern Virginia.","Camp Stonewall Brigade","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myslef down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying Do.","At this time I have no news of any importance to tell you only that we have hard times and wars coming. Some thinks that we'll have peace before long, but I don't look for any peace during Lincoln administration and, if at the end of his term another president is elected belonging to the same party or he is reelected himself we may look for another four years of war.","I just received your letter of the 31 of July last from which I understand with great pleasure that you and the family was all well. They are commencing to grant furloughs now but they are granting so few that my chance is very poor for that. I hate to apply for one and besides there is some here that they have never been at home since the commencement of the war and I think them are more entitle to a furlough than I am and they will be the first ones to get it, but I am pretty shure that I will get one next winter. At this time they are only granting furloughs to two men out of every hundred, and when these two men will come back there will be but one going home out of the same number. The length of the furlough is only fifteen days. There is one out of our company going home this time. His name is Charles Gilliland and lives with\nMajor Haynes. By next winter the furloughs will be more numerous and of longer time and then, perhaps, I will get chance to come home myself and I have no doubt I will come home sometime next winter.","Thomas Arrington sends his best respects to you and so does the Gilberts. John Hepler was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg and we haven't seen him since. We are looking for him almost every day but he hasn't come yet. It is not known where he is, some says that he never crossed the river and that in Yankeedom yet but now don't know exactly where he is. He was slightly wounded in the arm, and he came from Gettysburg to the banks of the Potomac a distance of about fifty miles by himself and we surely thought he had crossed the river but since that time we heard that he never did.","I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are camping here about Orange Court House and have been here for about three weeks and likely we will stay here good while longer yet and resting pretty well. There is no prospect of any fighting now, and some thinks that we will have no more fighting here or at least no big fighting and I don't think we will much more fighting here neither except we might have another big fight here and that it will be about the last. Some thinks that there is an armistice now, but unknown to us. I would be glad if this\nwar was to stop so that we might all come and mind our business at home. I think if fighting will setlle this matter there has been fighting enough now, and if fighting wouldn't settle it, there is no use of any more bloodshed, for it is the general belief among the soldiers and in foreign countries that fighting can't settle it.","We have preaching here every day and three times on holy days. Yesterday was a feast day by the command of President Davis and there was a great many assembled around the altar for the purpose of worshipping God, and pray for peace, and there was good many ladies came to our camp to preaching from the neighborhood around here.","We have to pay thirty five cents pound for flour here now, one dollar dozen for ginger cakes and very small at that, dollar a piece for pies, dollar a dozen for apples, dollar a dozen for roasting ears, four dollars per pound for soap. The corn crop here looks very promising, the corn about here is of the best I ever saw and there has been rain enough during this summer about here to keep every thing from suffering. The people about here are just now beginning to plow for wheat, and I begin to think that I ought be at home to plant some myself, but I am afraid there will be no plowing done by me this fall.","Give my best respects to Mr. Lee Pursinger and to all the neighbors around you, to mother and Russia and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband till death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me and direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi, Co. C., 27th Regt. Va. Vols., Stonewall Brigade, Second Army Corps, ANV.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 27th, 1863","Dear Wife \nI wrote you a letter last week but not seeing any answer for it I thought I would write you this present one that you may know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. It was just yesterday that I saw an extract from a Northern paper in the dayly Richmond Sentinel in which John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence were reported as prisoners of war at Fort Delaware. Hepler and Reynolds were both slightly wounded. David Pence never was in the engagement and he must have been picked up straggling out by the yankee cavalry. We all thought that Hepler and Reynolds were both at home untill yesterday evening, when we saw it in the Sentinel.","I haven't much news to tell you only that we are all well in the company. George Tingler was sick for two or three days but he is now getting better. You may look for me at\nhome next winter on furlough. I think I stand a pretty good chance to come next winter. I hope that the war will be over next summer and we will all come home for good.","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and for Mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill\ndeath. \nJohn Garibaldi \nTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nSo good by for this time","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 3, 1863","Dear Wife I received your letter of the 8 of August last from which I understood with great pleasure that you and the rest of the family were all well, but sorrow to hear that you had been sick. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are laying here in camp yet doing nothing but guard duty. All the boys are well in general. Thomas M. Arrington's\n[leg] is breaking out again the same one that he got hurt last fall coming home on the cars. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast, and he never spoke a word after he was\nshot, he fell forward and died in an instant. He got killed early in the morning in the first charge, he was left in the field unburied because the yankees fell in possession of the battlefield on the left in which we were fighting. But of course he was burried by the yankees, as it is the rule that the party that falls in possession of the battle field burries the dead.","John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds, and David Pence are prisoners at Fort Delaware. John R. Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded and they were taken\nby the yankee in a raid made on our wagon as they were crossing the south mountain in Pennsylvania coming from Gettysburg. Lee Gilbert is dead, he died in two or three days after he got wounded and David Gilbert got well. The last time we heard from there he was walking about. James A. Rawlins our regimental hospital steward who stayed\nbehind in Pennsylvania with doctor Sayers to take care of our wounded, just lately came through the lines under flag of truce brought the above news about the Gilberts.","You seems to be anxious about my coming home on furlough but there is no chance for me at present. I would like to come home myself but I don't think I'll get chance to come\ntill next winter unless they get to grant the furloughs more numerous than they do now. I think you may look for me next winter.","I saw Brother George about a month ago and he was well at that time. I don't know where he is now, because he was marching at the time I saw him nor does he know where I am now because we have moved the camp since, and I can't get out here to go and hunt for him, for I may have to hunt for several days before I'll find him, and I can't get a pass for that long time to get out of the camp. He told me that he is hardly ever sick and that he enjoys his health in the army as well as when he was out of the army and that he thought he wasn't made to be killed or die in the army. But I will try get a pass for twenty four hours as soon as I can and look for him and will tell him to write\nhome.","You will please tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is with his regiment and he is well. He has been seen by George Gilbert about nine or ten days ago, and by Arrington about two or three days ago, and he was well at that time and with his company. I would go over and see him myself, but they are so strict on us that we can't\nget out of the camp without a pass from our Major General and they wouldn't grant but one pass a day out of each company.","I expect there is soldiers at home all the time on furlough, but there is no soldiers at\nhome now in Alleghany from this army except they have been wounded and unable for duty except one from our company, whose name is Charles Gilliland and lives with Major Haynes and three or four of the Alleghany roughs, who received a furlough for fifteen days. And if there is any others at home besides them that I mentioned they are\nat home on French furlough, that is I am now speaking about this army, but from the army of North Western Virginia they can come home almost any time as they are\nallways in camp and close enough home to go and back in days and they generally keep at a pretty good distance from the enemy, therefore they can come home almost\nas often as they please, because their presence in the army is not so strictly required. But here in this army we have too much fighting and marching to do to be absent from our command and we are therefore kept under strict discipline.","I will finish writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nGive my best respects to Mother and Russia and to all the neighbors. So good by.","Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 25, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of September 11th came to hands last night which afforded untold pleasure in hearing that you and mother and Russia was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You told me in your letter that you hadn't received a letter for almost five weeks but that is the postmaster's falt for I haven't let a week pass without writing to you. I haven't received a letter from you for almost four or five weeks neither except the one I received last night.","We have had no peace for a good while. We have been marching about for opposite of ten days. The enemy is in our front and we look for a battle soon. We have been throwing up breastworks a whole night, but I don't expect that it will do us much good for the yankees never did attack us in our fortifications yet. Whenever we fortify in one place they go and attack us in another, in fact they are too smart to attack us wherever we are fortified for they can't whip us out of our fortifications let alone in the fortifications.","I think I will come home next winter on furlough perhaps fifteen days. I don't think there will be any furloughs granted for any longer time than that. I know I am entitled to a furlough next winter, whether I'll get it or not I am not able to tell lyou, but I think I will get one. I would like to come home and see you all but there is no chance at present for me. I saw Geroge several\ntimes and not later than last week and he was well.","I suppose that you would like to know what became of Lee and David Gilbert. Lee is dead from a wound received at Gettysburg. He didn't live but two or three days after he was wounded. David was wounded also in the same battle but he is well now and he is prisoner of war in the North, and he may be exchanged before long. John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence are at Fort Delaware. John Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded, but I expect they are both well by this time. We did not know what had become of David Pence at first till here about a month ago, when we saw his name on the paper, saying that he was at Fort Delaware prisoner. He got lost from us the night before the battle and therefore he wasn't engaged. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast and died instantly. His body was left on the battle field in the hands of the enemy, and to be burried by the enemy.","The health of our men here now is most excellent, we scarcely hear of any sickness at all. I weigh now one hundred and forty seven pounds, and I never did weigh more than a hundred and forty nine in my life. We are getting very scanty rations too. The weather here now is very\ngood. I suppose you have heard of the battles they have had in tennessee where our men whipped the yankees and took about seventy pieces of artillery, and about then thousand prisoners.","I wish this war was over for I am getting tire of soldiering but I don't see any prospect of peace till Lincoln administration lasts and he has yet more than a year to administer the Federal Government, and it lays in his power either to make peace or carry on the war. My time of enlistment will be out next Spring, but I expect to soldier untill the land is blessed with peace, and every body else may as well conclude to do the same or be considered as deserters, for the man that will not be willing to soldier he'll be forced into it. Neither do I expect that anybody will be exempted from the service because he put in substitutes for I believe that they will take in substitutes and all next spring.","I am sorry to hear that Micahel Aritt was taken prisoner for I believe he was trying to soldier as well as he could, although contrary to the will of his father and mother, but he, though against the will of his mother, is not a bushwacker like good many others, and answers to his country's call. I believe that if all of these bushwhackers and deserters would come in to the army we\ncould whip the yankees [thoroughly] and have peace by next winter. For such people as bushwhackers I have no good feeling. I don't care if they were all drowned although they be my best friend and brothers, because I believe they are reason why this war goes on so long.","Thomas M. Arrington and James C. Gilbert are both well, and send their compliments to you all. I shall bring my letter to a close by giving you and mother and Russia my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.","Stonewall Brigade, twenty miles below Orange Court House \nOctober 6, 1863","Dear Wife \nThough I wrote to you a letter about ten days ago for which I haven't yet received any answer, I will write you another one, and thinking that my letter never came to hands perhaps this will, for I think that not one third of my letters never reach their destiny, because I get just about one letter from you for every three I write to you.","Yours of September the 11 came to hands on the 24 and had just written you day before, and I thought I would wait till I got an answer for the one I had written, but having wayted for nearly two weeks for an answer from you and never seeing any coming I thought I would write to you\nthis present one that you may know that I am well, hoping that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying all the health that you may desire, together with Mother and Sister Russia.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are under marching orders, and yesterday evening we had to cook our two days ration and pack up our knap sacks and ready to march at a moment's warning, but we have had such marching orders good many times before since we came across the mountain and never march afterward, so that we don't think that we will march this time. There is the Rapidan River between us and the enemy, a stream not any larger than Pots Creek in some places only it is deeper. We are in sight of each other. There is only about two hundred distance between the pickets and right in sight of each other but they never shoot at each other, but they talk with each other and sometime they exchange papers.","It is supposed that the yankees are taring up the rail road and burning the ties as we could hear all last night a continual jingle of rail road iron, and could see fires all along the rail road and we saw with a glass yesterday, a train of wagons moving entirely from us. There is\ncertainly some movement on hands among them, and if it is so that they are destroying the rail road, they intend to give up these countries, because if they intended stay here they wouldn't certainly be destroying the railroad so necessary for the subsistance of their army.","We saw an extract in our paper taken from some of the Northern papers, which said that the army of the Potomac has told for its self and that there wouldn't be no more fighting on the Potomac, except may be some skirmishing, or cavalry fighting. They reinforcing the South Western army and if they subjugate the South it will be from the South West, they have already found out that they can't whip the South by coming in this way.","I hope that twelve months from now will bring peace. Tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is well and with his regiment. I think I will get a furlough next winter and come home for a while. You must send me some socks, a pair of woolen gloves, some red pepper if you can by the first opportunity offered. If you can buy me three or four good pair of woolen socks, and a pair of woolen gloves for next Winter and send them to me by as soon as you can I will\nbe very much obliged to you, for we can't draw nothing here except cotton socks.","Give my best respects to Lee A.B. Terry, to Mr. Pursinger, and to all the enquiring friends and keep a share for your self and mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","You must write to me soon and pay for the letters that you write for we don't get any letters unless they are paid for.","Give Mrs. Sara Johnson my best respects. There is some talk about our regiment coming to Western Virginia under General Echols but I don't know how true this is nor when it will be, and perhaps never.","Camp Near Coul Pepper [Culpeper] Courthouse \nOctober 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the six instant came to hands day before yesterday which gave great deal of satisfaction to learn that you and the family were both well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health.","I saw George yesterday and I see him very often, he is as well as he could be expected. As Mr. Lamby is here now and got chance to send this letter by hand, I thought I would\nwrite to you this present letter and enclose twenty dollars, which you will receive and spend them as you need them. We have got payed off this morning and got thirty four dollars for two months that is for July and August. We shall soon have another pay day for September and October and in that pay we will get our clothing money. I expect I will get opposite of one hundred dollars and will try to send you some of it the next chance I get.","There is some talk of our regiment coming to Western Virginia as soon as we'll get settled here for the Winter. We have been on a march for twelve days, and we expected\nto have a fight with the yankees but they didn't stand their own ground when they heard that we were coming, they ran away during the night. We left our old camp on the other side of the Rapidan River on the eight of this month and in three days march got to Coulpepper [Culpeper] Courthouse where the yankees had fixed themsleves nice\ncomfortable winter quarters, and stopped about five miles from the place to cook rations and be ready for the fight the next day, but the enemy having heard of it made\nhis escape at two o'clock in the morning. They even didn't have time to gather up their blankets and shoes but they were rushed out and crossed the Rappahannock River that\nnight. We took after them the next day and after two day's march overtook them again at this side Manassas Junction late in evening.","General A.P. Hill cut off their line of march in two in that case. We lost about one hundred and fifty killed and wounded but it was through bad management of General\nHeath or Hill that we lost so many killed. One North Carolina Brigade did pretty much all the fighting and they were badly whipped just for not having any support close at hand. The yankees had three Brigades engaged and about twenty cannons and we only one brigade and six pieces of cannons, but after reinforcement came up we took possession of the road they were marching on and cut off good many, but being nearly night and not having time to fight them, they got away and made their escape. We were all disapointed because we expected the yanks would make a stand some where but they kept going and when we'd catch up with them in evening they would get away during the night and have two or three hours os start on us, they done that twice, the cavalry done all the fighting in this trip.","We have got about two or three thousand prisoners on this trip principally stragglers who couldn't keep up and the balance cavalry. We are now returned on this side of the\nRappahannock, after having broken up all the rail road from Manassas to the Rappahannock and burned all the ties, we expect to go now in a regular camp, where we may remain till next Spring unmolested. The yankees have been whipped often enough here in Virginia to come here again to fight us, it is believed by northern editors that the army of the Potomac has fought her last battle, and that it is useless to fight any longer here in Virginia so that the war will be removed from here to Tennessee and Kintucky and we shall have some fine time here. They have lately been whipped in Tennessee also and I believe that before twelve months these hostilities shall cease and they will let us depart in peace. It is said that Generals Heath and A.P. Hill are both under arrest for having thus managed the fight willfully bad. If the thing had went on right, we could have got a big fight out of them, whipped them bad and got nearly all their wagons and commissaries and a large quantity of prisoners, because their army is\nnow composed almost all of substitutes and conscripts and they don't care whether they fight or not, because they were forced in to it.","I shall finish writing by giving you my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best Respects to Miss Russia and Mother to Mrs. Sarah Johnson to Mr. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends. Enclosed you will find twenty dollars. Excuse\nmy bad writing because I wrote in the hurry because Mr. Lamby might start before I get letter written.","Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 1, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at present and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We are now and have been drawn up in line of battle for several days and a battle is looked for any time. Our Division had a fight day before yesterday in which we lost\nabout four hundred killed wounded and missing and I had the luck of coming out safe. I haven't time to give you much news at present as we are drawn up in line of battle\nthrowing up breastworks and expecting an attack at any time so I shall close up my letter by giving you and the family my best respects and will reamin your affectionate\nhusband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","George Gilbert got wounded day before yesterday on his league [leg] but there was no bone broken in his leg. He was the only one hurt in our company. You will excuse the\npencil writing because I could get no ink to write with here. Write to me as soon as you get this and let me know how you are getting along.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful Sabath morning in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they\nmay find you enjoying the same blessings. I have no particular news to tell you at this time. We are laying in camp here about seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse where we expect to stay for the winter provide the yankees don't make no new movements. They were offered battle about two\nweeks ago but they began to run so fast that we couldn't hardly keep up to them and when we did overtook them it was late in the evening and they got away during the\nnight, so we don't expect that we'll have any more fighting in the part of the army till next spring.","I hope that I will get a furlough sometime next winter but I am not certain of it. There is good many ahead of me and they will certainly get a furlough before I will but I think that the furloughs will be granted more numerous, and thus I will be able to get one myself.","Tell George Kemper that Billy Kemper is not now with his regiment, he was send away from here sometime in September, he has received a sick furlough home and has never returned yet. Tell him that when he writes to him just to direct his letters thus, Mr. William P. Kemper, Co. C, 42 Reg. Va. Vols, Johnson's Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. I allways thought that Mr. Kemper was with his regiment untill the other day when I went to look for him. I don't know him when I see him.","I send you twenty dollars in the last letter that I send you and when you write to me I want you to tell me whether you have received or not. The letter was directed to you and in the care of Mr. Lee Pursinger and sended it by Mr. Lamby and as the gentlemen has been to Alleghany and back again here now I will send you this present one the same\nway and by the same gentleman. You must write to me soon and tell me how you are getting along.","We will soon have another payday and will send you some more money. I can't send anything except money, there is nothing that I can buy to send you, except to send you\nlittle money every once an while. You must try to get along the best way I can. Give my best repects to Mother and Sister Russia, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, to Mr. and Mrs.\nPursinger and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Orange Court House \nNovember 15, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the 25 of the last month came to hands three or four days ago from which I derived the welcomed information that you and the family and neighbors in general were all enjoying the same state of health in which I have always wished you all remain. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you all enjoying the same.","You haven't wrote to me about them twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. Lamby but I supposed that when you wrote to me this letter you hadn't yet received them, but I hope that you have got them before this time and when you will write to me you will tell me whether you have receive them or not. Besides the money I have sended you two religious newspapers in which you will find a heap of good reading and no doubt you will pass off a good deal of your lonesome time and profit you very much.","I have no news to write to you at this time. We have had severall movements but no fighting of any consequence yet. We are now again camped this side of the Rapidan. The yankees make good many demonstrations but I don't think they have intention to fight, they only want make us believe that they are going to fight us in order to keep us from reinforcing General Bragg. It is the general belief that there will be no more fight here till next spring.","We get very scanty rations now. Since I commenced writing this letter we had orders to cook two days rations and be ready to march at moments warning. There was a heavy\ncannonading down the Rapidan this morning and it may be that we will have a general engagement soon. We have just now receive orders to move at once. So nothing more at present but to Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that yours of the 9th instant came duly to hands last night which afforded me great deal of satisfaction in hearing that you was well with the balance of the family. I don't feel very well today but am still doing duty and I don't think it will amount to very much, and will soon get better, for it is nothing but head ache and pains about my back. But I hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying better health than I do at present.","Dear I must tell you that I have no news of any importance to write to you at present, they keep us moving about right smart, for we hardly stay two or three days stationary at place before we move again, but it looks very much that there will not be no more fighting in this part of the country till next spring. Whenever you write to me you must tell me all that you know about the yankees, for I understood that they have been again in Alleghany. I am very sorry that you couldn't get any wheat sowed, and I wish that I was at home to sow some for you but I am afraid that it will be some time yet, before I'll\nget chance to come home. I hope though that I will get chance to come home next winter.","I must tell now that there was sent here from Staunton a whole lot of clothes especially for the brigade, and that we all had chance to draw anything we want in the way of\nshoes, drawers, shirts, pants, and jackets. I drew a very good jacket and pants and shirts and drawer, this was far the best clothing for winter we drew for long time so that\nwe are all of this brigade supplied of good warm clothing. I shall quit writing for this time by giving you my best respects and also to mother and Russia and will remain\nyour affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Dear I must tell you that Thomas W. Rose is sick and was send away to the hospital about two weeks ago. I haven't seen George for sometime now. If you have any chance\nyou can let Thomas W. Rose people know that he is not now with the company and that they not send letters here to him for Captain Clark has three or four of his letters and\ndon't know what hospital to send them. We have had no snow here yet it is raining here today. We have had some very warm days for this [time] of the year.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 5, 1863","Dear Wife \nI have written you a letter a few days ago but not having wrote to you all that I should have written I come to write to you this present one in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same sort of blessings.","When I wrote to you the last time I should have told you that George Poor got wounded in the shoulder on the 27 of November last by a minie ball. It was a bad wound but not\nmortal. I just now found it out and did not know anything about his being wounded, a man in our company just went over today to George's company to see some of his\nrelations, and brought me the news when he came back that George was wounded. He is now in some hospital but don't know where and will write to you where he is as soon\nas I find it out, but it may be some time before I do find out where he is.","I have no news to tell you at this time only that we are laying still in camp. All the Yankees went back across the river without much fighting. They found out that they\ncouldn't whip us and they went back over the river. It may be that they will not come back any more untill next spring provide the winter sets in soon but if the weather\nremains good.","George Tingler is sick, took sick last night just like he did last fall with a pain on his left side. The doctor applied a muster plaster to it and the pain disappeared but he is not well yet although he is a heap better than he was last night. Thomas W. Rose is sick in General Hospital number 2 Lynchburg, Virginia.","If you get chance to send me anything you will please to send me one of the comforts that I send home last spring but if the winter be about over before you get chance to\nsend it you need not mind it but you can send me some socks any time you get chance because I haven't a pair to my foot now and there is no chance to draw any from the\ngovernment. As it is getting dark and haven't time to write any more I shall wind up my letter by giving my best respects onto all the family and neighbors and will remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and Terry.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 16, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with great pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful day to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written you several letters for which I have not yet received any answer. I hope that you will not put it off writing when you get this letter.","I have no news to tell you of any importance at this time only that we are laying still in camp doing nothing. I suppose you have heard that George Gilbert was wounded in the battle of Germana Ford on the 27 of November last in one of his legs only a flesh wound but it was a pretty bad one. I have written you in one of my previous letters that George Poor was wounded on the same day pretty bad but not mortally. They were both send out to the hospital but don't know where. George Tingler is getting better and he is now near just about as well as ever. Thomas W. Rose was send to the hospital sick little better than a month ago and he is in Lynchburg, Virginia General hospital number two.","You will please to try to get me some socks, some red pepper, some soap and send them to me by the next opportunity offered. You will please to send me also one of them comforts that I send home last Spring by Lee Persinger and my Catholic prayer book as soon as you can. We will draw our pay in two or three weeks from now and will send you some money by the next chance I'll get.","I do not know what time I will get chance to come home this winter there is good many before me to get furloughs yet and they are letting might few to go home at time now\nonly one out every fifty is allowed to go home at time but I hope that after while they will grant them more numerous and will then have chance myself to get one.","I will finish my letter by giving you mother and Sister my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Lee Persinger and Terry and to all the neibors. So good by.","Camp 27th Va Regiment Near Orange Court House \nJanuary 9, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 4 instant came duly at hands last night which afforded great deel of pleasure in hearing that you and the family were all well. This leaves me well at present\nand hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. Dear I have no news of any importance to tell you at present, only that we are all in pretty comfortable winter quarters and doing nothing but guard, and picket duty. Our ration of meat has been reduced to a quarter of a pound of bacon per day, or three quarters of a pound of beef, but they are giving us lard in place of it. Besides we draw sugar, rice, coffee, and dried fruit pretty often. Our flour rations is eighteen ounces per day yet, and very likely to be so for the winter. Myself and Mr. Gibson have a shanty of our own that we built, and sleep together. He is cooking for the preacher, the doctor, the adjutant, and the Regimental stewart, and they are paying him extra wages, and we get plenty to eat.","I don't want you to send me anything by mail except letters, for it is so uncertain, if you want send me anything send it to me by hands or don't send it at all and I'll try to do without it, rather than to [lose, have]. I am entirely bare footed but I think I'll get shoes today or tomorrow, but as for socks there [none] to be drawn and haven't had a pair on me for two months. The winter is going along pretty well and after while it will be warm enough to go without socks, I hope, but if I had couple pairs now, and one of my comforts, I would be very glad. Whenever you get chance, to send it by hands, I want\nyou to send me my Catholic prayer book, a pair of socks or two provide you can get them, and my comfort.","I wish I could come home on a furlough but I expect it will be way late in the winter or Spring before I'll get one, but my turn will come sometime, and you may look for me at home sometime this winter or next Spring. I would like to know how you all are getting along for something to eat, you all have no chance to make money to buy flour because it is so high, and there is nobody at home, to do any thing for you all so that I am afraid that either you are, or will have to suffer. I can not help you much, because my wages are only seventeen dollars per month. However there is about one hundred dollars coming to me next pay day, which is now due, of which I shall try to send you fifty, next opportunity I'll meet. You must try to get along the best way you can, for I cannot help you much and I'll come home as soon as I can.","Next Spring my term of service of three years will be over, but I expect that we will, all, have to stay in, for during the war, and there will be no men discharged from the service at all, except them unfit for duty, but if they, next Spring, give us chance to reinlist and join any command we please, I have concluded to come West. It seems to me that the war is going to be a long one.","The weather is very fine here today, we haven't had but two little snows, it snowed night before last about two inches deept but it is going away very fast. The ground is frost here very deep. You must give my best respects to George [Roore], George Gilbert, Thomas W. Rose, Lee H. B. Terry, to Mother, Sister Russia, to all the neighbors and\nkeep a share for yourself, and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill Death \nJohn Garibaldi","Mr. Gibson sends you his best respects and he is [well]. Mr Arington sends you his best repsects and he is well also, the boys are generally well. There is but very little sickness in the army. \nSo good by \nMr. Gibson sends you a tract for you read.","Camp Stonewall \nMarch 8, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this morning to let you know that I arrived here last friday night safe at camp. Our brigade had been on picket for about thirteen\ndays on account of them yankee raids in our rear and the balance of our division been out on a march toward Chancellorsville, they came to camp again last sunday and they relieved us yesterday. All our troops have returned to camp and settled down again, it was nothing but a yankee raid trying to take Richmond and burn it relieve the yankee prisoners and hang Jeferson Davis, but they failed in all that. General Dalgreen was killed and his party dispersed. General Killpatrick made his escape in Butler's line. He was in full command of the Yankee raiding cavalry.","Mr. Gibson started out on his furlough yesterday morning and he will get home tonight. I am now cooking in his place for the doctor and the preacher untill he'll come back. I am sorry to tell you that Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack at Millboro with everything that he had in it my things and his things both, he said he laid his knapsack on his boxes on the platform and hadn't left it no more than ten minutes when somebody stole it from him. He says that he thinks it was some of the provost guard at that place. Whenever you get chance you will please to send me another pair socks. I want neither gloves nor comfort any more this winter and if I had another pair of socks I could make out for this winter. Lee A.B. Terry is not in camp now he was send off sick sometime before I got here and don't know where he is. You must try to write to me as soon as you get this so I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nMarch 24, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is a pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I wrote you a letter on the tenth of this month for which I haven't yet received any answer. Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack in coming to the army and everything it contained. He said that of the provost guard stole it from him at Millboro so that he lost everything that you had\ngiven him to fetch me.","The snow fell about a foot deep here day before yesterday however the weather is very nice now. There was great snowbowling yesterday. It first commenced between the 27th and 33d Regiment and after about an hour of snow bowling the 4th regiment took our part and reinforced us, and the 2d Regiment reinforced the 33d, in about an hour afterward the fifth Regiment reinforced the 4 and 27th and snowbowled the 2d and 33d out of their camp. Afterward the whole brigade joined together again and attacked Rodes Division. Some of the 4th Brigade Louisianians and some of the 33d Brigade of our Division joined our Brigade. Rodes division turned out and ran our fellows into camp. Brigadier General Doles was commanding Rodes Divison. We had no generals ingaged on our side except some colonels\ntook part in the fun. Some rascal or other nocked General Doles in the head with a rock and cut right smart gash in it. He fell off of his horse but he wasn't out the field more than half an hour when he returned again.","In evening the long roll was beaten in our brigade and Louisiana Brigade and turned out again. Our Brigadier General took the field and commanded our Division. Rodes's Division was waiting on us we went and attacked them and ran them out of their camp, thus ended the 23 of March. It was all nice fun except with Brigadier General Doles some had pick at him and took out of him in that way. I shall cease writing by giving you all my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Since I came back I received a letter from Mary T. Winebrenner inquiring of me about her husband. I don't know neither her nor her husband and she says the news came from you that I was aquainted with her husband. I wrote to his Captain yesterday about C. Winebrenner and\nas soon as I get an answer from him I will write to her.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nApril 5, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 21 of March last came to hands yesterday from which I was glad to hear that you was well. This leaves me well at present and I hope that when these few lines\nwill come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news of importance to tell you at this time, only that the weather is very bad and disagreable here now. Our brigade just came off pickett yesterday evening.\nEverything is peaceable here now, nothing going on. The officers have been reduced down to same rations as the privates and it is issued to them just the same as it is\nissued to us. Neither are they allowed to buy any from the Commissary department. The company officers are drawing with their companies and to the field officers it is weighed out to them.","I am sorry to tell you that there is a man in our company just now dying his name is George Harmon. He lives down on Jackson's River. He took sick last Sunday and died (I\nexpect is dead now) this morning. He was a very strong man.","I wrote to Staunton to the priest for another prayer book, and just got it yesterday with two tracts and three cards. Enclosed you will find a tract and a card in this here letter for you. I sort of think that Thomas W. Rose done something with the things that you sended me by him and he just tells me as an excuse that somebody stole them from\nhim. I have a notion to charge him for it but I have a fear that I shall have to take it out in charging.","I received a letter, sometime ago, from Mary F. Winebrenner enquiring into the whereabouts of her husband saying that she heard that I knew him, and knew where he\nwas and that I had tole you about knowing him. I am uterly stranger of either Mrs. or Mr. Winebrenner, neither do I recollect of having ever heard such name, but I wrote to his captain about him and haven't yet received any answer about him. He belongs to George's old company.","Mr. [Salander] spoke to me about that pistol as I was coming to the army and told him you will take six bushels of corn for it, he said, then, that he hadn't the corn to spare at that time, and I told him that you would wait till the next crop would come, he then said that he would try to raise some. You do as you please with it I think the pistol is worth six bushels of corn and if you can help it don't let him have it for any less.","I will quit writing, by giving you, Mother, Sister, Brother George and family my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stone Wall Brigade \nApril 22, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news to tell you at present, we are to pack up everything we have today and be ready to march tomorrow morning. It is said we are going on picket and that we are\nto camp some where nearer to our picket lines, but none of us knows where we shall go, all we know is that we will abandon our winter quarters tomorrow morning never\nmore, perhaps, to return to this camp.","The weather is most beautiful here now and the roads will soon be in marching order and we look for the Spring campaign close at hands. Meantime our troops have been\ncheered up by the victories that our armies have lately achieved in North Carolina and in Transmississippi Department. General Banks have been defeated in the\nTransmississippi Department with the loss of eight thousand men including killed wounded and missing, thirty five pieces of artillery, two hundred wagons. In North\nCarolina they have been defeated with the loss of twenty six hundred prisoners, one Brigadier General and several pieces of Artillery. General Forrest captured Fort Pillow\nand out of seven hundred yankees defending it four hundred negroes, and three hundred whites, he only took one hundred prisoners. The balance were all killed including the comandant of the fort. All these little victories are very encouraging to us and could we only whip Grant it would be very encouraging to us and very discouraging\nto the enemy. I think we will soon have a trial of it, and I am pretty confident that if General Grant comes over the Rapidan River to fight us over here in our breastworks he\nwill get pretty badly whipped.","This here makes the fifth letter that I have written you since I got back from furlough and haven't received but two from you. I have received them things that you sended me by George Gilbert. I think that this year is the last year of the war provide we can whip the enemy next summer. I hope that we will all come home next winter. I am pretty tire of this war by this time but there is no chance for us unless the war stops for we shall all have keep fighting untill the yankees give us up or untill we shall be subjugated.","There is great revival among the churches in this army. There is at least three times as many more converts in this year than there was last spring. Mr. Gibson is one of them and good many others of our company. John Baker of Covington is to be baptised today.","We are to cook four days rations this evening. I wish I could give some of my coffee that I have on hands. I have nearly half pound on hands ahead of my regular ration, but we are too far apart for me to give to you. The meat is the most scarse article we are getting and that is only a quarter of a pound per day scarsely enough. But considering the times we are doing very well, we done even better this winter than we did did last. Last winter we drew [best] on ration or two of coffee, and but very little sugar. This winter we drew coffee and sugar regular. They are making out to give us some clothing every once and a while so that there is not much complaining in camp. I myself am afraid that we'll have heap harder time in the way of rations than we ever had yet before this war closes. As soon as we draw any money I shall send you some by the first opportunity. Please write to me as soon as you can. Give my best respects to Mother, Russia, and to all the enquiring friends and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda","Mr. Gibson sends his best respects and he is well. Clarington Gilbert told me to write to you in my letter to tell Russia to write to him.","This collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include:\n Camp life The hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians Battles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) Other members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment Family news \nThe letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","The papers also include one letter (dated 1863) from William H. McPherson to Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) and three letters from Garibaldi to his daughter (dated 1904) written in 1904.","Written from \"Camp Stevenson,\" Virginia. Letter regards Chirstmas celebrations, and the breaking of a dam \"in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\"","Written near Winchester, Virginia. Letter concerns the Romney Campaign.","Written from \"Camp near Bunker Hill,\" West Virginia. Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Allen, Clarke County,\" Virginia. Letter regards camp life, payday, and rumors of enemy movements.","Written from \"Camp Bailor.\" Letter regards orders to prepare to march and general family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards finances and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money sent by mail and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter mentions that unit is under marching orders and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter concerns sending of money and supplies.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money, supplies,\nand family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter vocies that the spring campaign will begin soon and furloughs are suspended.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards an increase in wages and that the unit is preparing to move.","Letter voices that the unit is drawn up in line of battle and is expecting a fight tomorrow.","Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia.","Written \"near Fredericksburg,\" Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from \"Camp near Hamilton Station.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from \"Camp Paxton.\" Letter voices that the unit has received marching orders.","Written from \"Camp Stephenson, Frederick County,\" Virginia. Letter regards the a battle in Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Washington County, Maryland. Letter regards the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.","Written from \"Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County,\" Virginia. Letter comments on the kindness of people in Pennsylvania and wealth of countryside there.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards difficulty in receiving mail and general news.","Written from Camp \"Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and general news.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards news of prisoners.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and reports news about various other soldiers who were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.","Letter regards troop movements, news of other soldiers, and remarks that the unit constructing breastworks.","Written \"twenty miles below Orange Court House,\" Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and general news.","Written from Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Letter reports various engagements with the Union and prisoners taken.","Letter reports that the unit is drawn up in line of battle.","Written from \"seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse,\" Virginia. Letter regards general news.","Written from near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards troop movements and life in camp.","Letter regards life in camp and reports on wounded soldiers.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Written near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp, including a snowball fight.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards Civil War news and life in camp.","Three letters sent from John Garibaldi to his daughter.","Civil War envelopes.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0284","/repositories/3/resources/586"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Garibaldi Civil War papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"creator_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"creators_ssim":["Garibaldi, John, 1831-1914"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Chancellorsville (Va.), Battle of, 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Winchester (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Romney Campaign, 1861-1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Chancellorsville (Va.), Battle of, 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Winchester (Va.) -- History -- Siege, 1863","Romney Campaign, 1861-1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["42 items"],"extent_tesim":["42 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/2011\"\u003eFull text transcriptions of the Garibaldi letters are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Full text transcriptions of the Garibaldi letters are available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Garibaldi, a Confederate soldier, was born in Genoa, Italy, on April 30, 1831. He immigrated to the United States 1851, where he married Sarah Ann Virginia Poor of Botetourt County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Garibaldi served as 3rd Sergeant, Company C, 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment (Stonewall Brigade). He was captured at Kernstown, Virginia on March 23, 1862 and sent to Ft. Delaware, Delaware prison. Garibaldi was exchanged on August 5, 1862 and returned to duty until captured at Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia on May 12, 1864. He was again imprisoned at Ft. Delaware and was exchanged for the second time on October 30, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War Garibaldi was a teacher and farmer in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He died in Big Island, Bedford County, Virginia, on September 8, 1914 and is buried in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Garibaldi, a Confederate soldier, was born in Genoa, Italy, on April 30, 1831. He immigrated to the United States 1851, where he married Sarah Ann Virginia Poor of Botetourt County, Virginia. ","During the Civil War Garibaldi served as 3rd Sergeant, Company C, 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment (Stonewall Brigade). He was captured at Kernstown, Virginia on March 23, 1862 and sent to Ft. Delaware, Delaware prison. Garibaldi was exchanged on August 5, 1862 and returned to duty until captured at Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia on May 12, 1864. He was again imprisoned at Ft. Delaware and was exchanged for the second time on October 30, 1864.","After the War Garibaldi was a teacher and farmer in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He died in Big Island, Bedford County, Virginia, on September 8, 1914 and is buried in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery, Lexington, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDear Miss-\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours of the 24 instant just yesterday evening from which I understand with the greatest pleasure that you was well and also the whole of the family, with the whole of the neighbors around you. This leaves me enjoying a perfect good health as it has been the case always. We have had right merry Christmas, we had plenty to eat such as it was and plenty to drink, pretty near the whole of Holloway's company was drunk. The Captain bought about 10\nor 15 gallons of liquor and gave it to the company, he was right merry himself. The whole of the 27 regiment was almost drunk even the Colonels, they were drunk too.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe last letter I wrote you I told you that we were under marching orders, but we did not know where to and now that we all got back safe, except one killed out of our Regiment, belonging to the Rockbridge Rifles, and another slightly wounded by a shell belonging to the artillery, I can tell you where we have been. We left this camp on Monday morning at three o'clock and reached the Potomac river on the second day after dark, at the dam number five about ten miles above Williamsport, there we remained for four days breaking the dam in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe only time that we could work at it was at night in the darkest so as to keep from being shot from the Yankees from the opposite side of the river. They had full view at us in the day time, we had to descend down on the dam from a high precipice of steep rocks while they on the other side they had a small hill, which was in cultivation, to descend to the dam and had a full view at us. We, in the day time, had to march way from there and go out in the countries where we had a full view of then and then march back again in the night after about seven o'clock. We had left our tents about midway between here and the river, therefore we had no tents to sleep in, neither could we make any fire in the night in order to keep from being seen by the enemy, but we [had] good overcoats and blankets enough to keep from freezing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was a great large mill just below the dam, and was burn'd up by the shells thrown in there by the enemy on the second night. A company from our regiment called the Rockbridge Rifles was in the mill guarding those that were working on the dam just as the mill was set a fire from the other side they came out and that was when one of them got killed by a bombshell. They had a narrow path to go through where no more than one at a time could pass and the Yankees were throwing balls as fast as they could at the same time. Some of them remained behind rocks all day and came out at night about ten or fifteen remained there\nall day and didn't come out till night. I anxious to see the Yankees crept up behind rocks and remained there hid for about an hour and shot several times at the Yankees. After I got tire to stay there I got up and walked off, and as I was going away from my hidden place I believe\nthere was no less than five or six shot at me but none of them hitted me, it was almost too far off to be killed by a ball although there was several of the Yankees shot we could see them laying on the ground and when they were falling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was a constant shooting from each side of the river from morning till night, it was no regular battle only for those that wanted to fight could go and take up a position on this side of the river and fire away as much as they wanted. The general came by one evening and looked very much pleased at the boys and said pitch in boys it is a free fight. We killed a good many Yankees and they only killed one of us. After we succeeded in breaking the dam, we came back to our old camp where we now are. It is believed that we shall leave here and go to Romney to have a fight with the Yankees. This is the general belief, that we will march in a day or two and if we go Romney we shall have a hard fight in driving away the enemy from behind\ntheir fortifications. They are just now taking a list of all the cartridges we have in order to give us a full supply and march us off to Romney. I have a heap more to tell you but I haven't time to do it for we have to go out on a general review. So goodbye. I send you my likeness also. So Goodbye.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Miss Sarah A.V. Poor\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letter where you did the last one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Winchester Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 28, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sir:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this favorable opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same. I received your little box that you send me yesterday, with two pair of gloves, a vest and a pair of socks. I sold the vest for three dollars and a half. I had bought me a vest last Christmas in Winchester and therefore I didn't need it and sold a pair of gloves\nfor one dollar and a half. I kept a pair of gloves and the pair of socks for myself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe arrived here on the 25 from Romney and don't know how long we shall remain. We were under marching orders this morning but the order was countermanded on account of the weather which was raining very hard this morning. We don't know how long we shall stay here now; we may stay here few days longer. We were going about 4 miles from here to build shanties for the winter. We had a hard march during the whole time. We left Camp Stevenson on the New Years Day early in the morning, and took up our line of march to Bath the county seat of Morgan County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the fourth day after our departure, there was a fight expected with the yankees who were 1,400 strong, but there was not much of a fight. Our militia had a little fight with them and there was twenty killed and wounded in our militia. We don't know how many there was killed and wounded on the north side. The volunteers didn't shoot a gun. They didn't even see the yankees. The militia was put in front and we, the volunteers behind, to support them. Our forces consisted of about fourteen thousand, the yankees at the hearing of our approach ran away and did not make any stand. They left behind them two cannons but they spiked them before they left them. They left behind them also the right smart army [sto--], about forty thousand dollars worth. Before we left Bath we destroyed two or three bridges on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and tored up right smart track.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter that we took up our line of march to Romney, but the road was so bad that our wagons couldn't keep up and we had to wait on them for four days at the distance of about 14 miles from Bath, and after our wagons got up we started again and reached Romney on the fourth day. The yankees that were in Romney left also on double quick so that we volunteers had no fight at all except few of our cavalry and the militia. The Yankees in leaving Romeny left behind them about five hundred barrels of crackers, a large quantity of flour, clothing, ammunition, and good many other things from there. After we been there four or five days we took our line of march toward Winchester, which we reached on the third day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHere we are now camped for two or three days and we may go away tomorrow or after tomorrow but we will not go very far. We are just going three or four miles from here to\nbuild our winter quarters and threr we shall remain for the balance of the winter and have no more marches for this winter. I'll have time to write to you oftner than I did before. The Captain is at home on a furlow and he has all my money. If I had some with me I would send you ten dollars, but the Captain's furlow will soon be out and he'll come back. I will get some money and send it to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe had a march of twenty five days. We suffered right smart cold weather during that time, for good many had no tent and they had to lay out on the wet over snow beds and\nsnow falling at the same time. Good many took sick and never will get better. They are dying nine or ten almost every day. There is about three hundred in the hospital\nbelonging to our brigade, the whole of them got sick by the exposure of the weather. Thank goodness I have stood up very well and never got sick yet. I was on every march,\nand did my duty as well as any soldier ever did. I feel very well, only I have a little cough.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBath is now in posession of our militia and Romney is now protected by about eight thousand volunteers, partly Virginians, South Carolinians, and some from Arkansas. My\ncandle is nearly out and I must quit writing for tonight. So good night Dear Sarah. Good night sleep well. I hope I will see by and by.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 30\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaving some what leisure time this morning to finish my letter, I thought it fit to finish it off and send it to you. We left that Camp in the next morning and marched about six miles to a place where we will remain for the balance of the winter here. We are going to build shanties to live in. As we were going to Romney we passed where the Yankees had been and I saw near all the houses had been burned up by them. The hogs stuck with the bayonet, some shot the cattle, and the sheep were treated like wise. As we were coming from Romney by another road altogether, we met with an equal destruction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey killed an old shoemaker, and then burned him up in his house. At another place again they killed another man, who had a wife and three or four small children, and\nafterward they set fire to the house driving his wife and children out of the door. The lady tried to go in the house to try to take out some furniture in order to keep it from burning, but they would not let her so that every thing was burned up, with the corpse of her husband. As we were coming by some found some of his bones in pieces and\nthey put them in their pocket as a relic. As soon as that woman saw our brigade coming she began to cry thinking that may be we were yankees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Miss, I could come home for two months on a furlow by reenlisting for two years longer, for nobody can get any furlow any more unless he reenlist for two years or during the war. But I don't think I will for I have only three months and a half to stay now and then our time will be out, and I don't intend to volunteer any more. I shall belong to the militia myself for I see that the militia don't have so much hard ship to go thru as the volunteers have, and they are getting the same wages and the same kind of rations, and they have more liberty than we. Only the militia has to make the first attack on the enemy, and then the volunteers come in at the last. So I think I'll come and stay at home untill they draft me. Good many have already reenlisted and are gone home on furlow. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and to all of the family also and remain your affectionate lover untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Miss Sarah A. W. Poor\u003cbr\u003e\nEnclose you will find four envelops with postage stamps on. The name of this Camp is Zollicoffer I think. I haven't quite understood it [quite] well yet but I will tell you the Name of it better some other time. You will please write to me as soon as this comes to hands and direct your letter to\u003cbr\u003e\nWinchester Va. Care of Captain L. T. Hollowy. 27th Reg. Va. Vols.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Bunker Hill, October 24, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few line I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands, may find you enjoying the same blessings. I arrived here yesterday morning safe. We had to walk from Staunton to this place, about one hundred and fifteen miles distant.\nIt is the general opinion of the men and officers that we shall not stay here long, that we shall either advance again into Maryland or retreat back up the Valley on account that we are too far from any railroad branch, and can't get [means] for transportation. There is no yankee of any amount on this side of the Potomac.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't any news to tell you at this time. I haven't been in the camp long enough to learn any. The boys here are as lively as crickets, just as lively as if it was in time of peace, or as if they were at home. There is thirty four men in our compnay fit for duty. Our company makes up\nnear half of the regiment, it is no more than a good company the whole regiment. They nearly all deserted or went home on a French. There is some few sick and wounded but not many. There was only twelve in the Battle of Sharpsburg in Maryland out of our regiment. The balance remained behind, and the most of them never went across the river. Patrick [Hai----], that use to work up on the mountain is dead. He was wounded in the late battle of Manassas in one of his knees and died.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery thing is quiet here in the Camp. Dear I could not even buy me a sheet of paper in Winchester to write to you. There is none to be bought. The boys are writing on paper that they have captured on the battle field. When ever you write to me you must send me a blank sheet of paper in your letter. The boys say that we shall soon have our pay and if so, I will send you some. Dear I would like to see you, and feel lonesome for you. Give my best respects to mother, Russia, [illegible] and to all the enquiring friends. So nothing more at present but to reamin you affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Allen, Clarke County, VA.\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 2, 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith this opportunity I set myself down to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand may find you enjoying the same blessing. I thought I set down this morning to write you these few lines in order to tell you where and how to direct your answers, being that I think I forgot it on my last letter. It is very hard to get paper to write,\nenvelops or postage stamps either. I couldn't a postage stamp in the company and I had to tear a leaf off an old book in order to write you this letter and I am bound to send it without prepayment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are soon to have a pay day, and I have about one hundred and fifty dollars of which, if I can get a chance, I want send you one hundred and thirty, and if I don't get chance to send them to you I intend to take a French furlow and fetch them home myself if I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news whatever to write to you now. Everything is peacable in the camp, but I don't know how long it will remain so. There has been cannonading heard this morning in the direction of Harpers Ferry, and it is said that the enemy is crossing large force over the Potomac. We don't get chance to see any newspaper at all and have no news to tell you at present. You must write to me as often as you can for I am very glad to hear from you at all times. Dear I am lonesome for you and would like to be with you, but I hope that the Lord will spare my life long enough to come home again and to see peace restored once more in our\ncountry. But there ain't much sign of peace now for I heard the cannons whilst I am writing. The following shall be the dirction with which you shall send me your letter.\u003cbr\u003e\nMr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\n27th Va. Regt. Company C.\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain C. L. Haynes\u003cbr\u003e\nFirst Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nJackson's Division\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. John Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Sarah A. Garibaldi. Give my best respects to the whole of the family. I haven't been able to see George yet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Bailor. November 20th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHaving somewhat time to spare now and thinking that we are going to have some long march, for we have just received orders to cook a day's ration and be ready to march in the morning by day light, therefore I may not have time to write to you any more for some time. I thought I better write this present in order to let you know that I am well. I have written you three letters and this makes the fourth one and yet I have not received any answer for them and in my last one I have enclosed five dollars and would like to know whether you received them or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease write to me and don't care how often you do write if it is twice a week I'll be very glad to receive them, for nothing will satisfie me but to hear from you. You are the only one that I care for in this world, and I expect that I am the only one that you care for too. Let us not therefore abandon each other, let not distance be the cause of our forgetfulness. Little did we get to stay\ntogether but I hope that, if God wills, we shall reunite ourselves together, again, never to be parted except by death and I hope that we shall never forsake the hour in which we were united together by ties of matrimony, that we shall lead a happy life together and agreeable as\nit becomes two married people. A day is not passing without thinking of the one I left behind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear We were paid out about three weeks ago and I received one hundred and fifty dollars and wish that I could put them in your hands. You said that you'd think yourself rich if you had one hundred dollars in pocket and I wish I could satisfie you to give them to you. To send them\nin a letter I don't like to trust, so that I shall have to wayt an opportunity to send them to you by hands, or untill I come home myself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that I was appointed Sergeant here lately, my pay is now seventeen dollars per month. George Gilbert Was Sergnt himself but was broken on account of his straggling out from the company without permission, as we were marching through Winchester, and stayed away four or five days. David Gilbert was Corporal and was broken\nfrom his office for the same offence. John Hepler is Corporal now in place of David Gilbert himself. There was sever other noncommissioned officers from our company broken for the same offence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is some talk about us going back to Camp Zollicoffer where we made our winter quarters last winter, and we will then be stationed in our old shanties that we built last winter. Dear Give my best respects to mother, Russian, Isiah, Sale, and Mary and to all the neighbors. If there is any furlow given this winter I shall get one, for I am entitle to it and come home and stay, and we shall enjoy ourselves ittle more. Dear thre some little talk of peace about the camp, some thinks that next spring will bring peace and we shall all then come home and rejoin our wives once more. Dear I can't get no postage stamps in Winchester. They thought that we were going to evacuate the place and they send them all away so that I can not pay for the letters that I am sending you, but as soon as I can get any I shall commence to pay for the letter. Dear I have no news to tell you now. I shall just end my letter by wishing you all the good that the world can afford you and try to take good care for yourselves so nothing more at present, but remain your affectionate husband untill death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrite to me as soon as you get this letter and direct your letters all the time to Mr. John Garibaldi, Comapny C., 27th Va. Regt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEnclose you will find two dollars which you will keep and make use of it as necessity requires you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah A.V. Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear you must write to me at least once a week so good by Dear Wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 4, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I hope to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand will find you enjoying the same blessing. I received three letters from you since I have been with the company and have been awaiting the fourth one but I haven't seen it yet. I hastened therefore to write this present one and to tell you to send me one and don't care whether you either write it or buy me one and send it to me so I may get a letter from you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have send you sixty seven dollars since I have been in the Company and would like to know whether you received it or not. I have more to send you but would like to know if you got that I send you before I send you any more. I send fifty dollars enclosed in a letter to Mr. Pursinger by Mr. Lamby just few days before Christmas which I hope you shall have received before this time. You now can buy yourself a cow if you see one that suits you and if Mother is going to sell that little colt you can buy it too provide you can keep him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know when I shall get chance to come home. It may be that I'll be able to come home but I think it very doubtful. There is no chance for any furlow at present and I don't know when there will be any. There is a heap talk of peace now in the north, but I wouldn't put no dependence in them. But after while I think they'll get tire to get whipt and they will then give us up for a bad joke but that may not be for a good while.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have not much to tell you at this time. I wrote to you day before Christmas and told you all the news I knew then about the battle. I have written to MackPherson, to old man [A---] and to Pursinger several times since the battle. [illegible] soon have another pay day. Dear you must write to me as often as you can and beg to take good care for yourself until I come home and stay with you and I hope that we shall never forget the hour in which we were joined together but that bless the day on which you and I were joined together with the ties of Matrimony. I\nshall quit writing by just remind you to write to me and wish you all the good that the world can afford you and remain your affectionate husband untill death,\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah A. V. Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols.\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall first Virginia Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain Charles L. Wagner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nPaxton's Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 18, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your kind and affectionate letter of the fourth instant from which I understood with pleasure that you and the house hold was all well. I would have written to you sooner, but I was on Picket when I received it and had therefore no chance to answer. We came back last night late and I thought I would answer it today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received them two pair of socks that you send me by Lee H.B. Terry which I was very glad to receive and stood in need of. Now the next thing I like you to do by the next opportunity offered it is to send me some black and white thread if you can get it anywhere and some hard soap as we can't get any anywhere.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have only received four letters from you since I have been with the Company and have heard that you have only received four from me, but if I have written four letters I have written a dozen of them. In one of them I have enclosed five dollars in another two dollars in another ten dollars and in another fifty dollars. I have heard that you have received the five dollars the two dollars and the fifty dollars but don't hear anything about the ten dollars. You will please to write to me and tell whether you have received the ten dollars or not. I would send you some more but I am afraid to send them in a letter. But if Henry Gilliland is coming on a furlow which\nI expect he will do before long I will by him. I have applied for one myself but I don't know whether I will get it yet or not. Perhaps I will get one before the winter is over, but it will only be for fifteen days furlow.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at this time but to tell you that this leaves me well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C, 27th Regt. Va. Vols.\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, Jackson's Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nPaxton's Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 27, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written to you week before last in response to the one that you send me by Lee A.B. Terry, for which I haven't yet, received any answer. Dear you must write to me often for I would like to hear from you every week, for I feel lonesome enough and my getting no letter from you makes me more lonesome still; you will please therefore to write to me weekly if you want please me. I have written to you\nabout a douzen of letters and haven't received but four letters yet.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have some money to send you but I am afraid to risk it in this letter. The next safe opportunity I will get I shall send you sixty dollars again. If you see a cow worth buying you may buy it provide that mother has feed enough to keep her and if she wants to sell her little coult you can buy it too, and give her the price that she would get from anybody else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we all are enjoying as good health as we ever did. We haven't had any snow here yet, the first snow I have seen this winter it was after we had crossed the blue ridge in coming from the valley, and it didn't stay on the ground\ntwenty four hours but we didn't have any snow here yet, on the contrary is warm enough here now, to go on our shirt sleeves, and it has been so all the time for nearly the whole of this month. But we have had right smart rain here in this month and when it wasn't rayning, it was clear and pretty weather, and warm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are under marching orders all the time. We are keeping a day's ration cooked ahead all the time and last night was renewed again, we were expecting to march away from here this morning but we are here yet, and it may be that we will stay here yet for weeks, and it may be that we will have to leave here in an hour from now, so that you see we don't know anything about it. It depend altogether upon the movement of the enemy. The prospects are good here for another fight, the yankees are making appearance before Fredericksburg some time but it is not known whether they are in for good or not, although the papers says that they have already crossed the river but it is northern news, and it aint so, for we haven't saw anything of them yet, but it is the general belief among the camp that they will not try to cross here anymore. The troops are removed from here little at time to other fields, and it may be that the next fight will be somewhere else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou must send me little soap by the next chance you get, (hard soap I mean) we have to pay dollar per pound here and can't get it at that. You will please to send me little thread black and white if you please, provide you can get it. I have nothing more to tell you at present, but to remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease direct to Mr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols., care of Captain C.L. Haynes\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Paxton's Brigade, Taliaferro's Division,\u003cbr\u003e\nnear Fredericksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLet this direction be a permanent one untill I tell you to direct your letters some where else.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs Sarah A.V. Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nBy the Politeness of Miss Georgeanne Lockheart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nFebruary 26, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same blessings. As Henry Gilliland is coming home on a furlough I thought I would send you these few lines although I have written you letter by mail in the begining of this week, and send you another by Lieutenant Clark last week and send you fifty dollars . Whenever you write to me I want you to tell me whether you received it or not the last letter that I received from you was dated the 26 of January. You said that you was going to send me a comfort by somebody but I have one so you need not send it to me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have nothing to tell you at this time. I want you to send me some black and white thread and some red peper if you have any. The fifty dollars that I send you by Lieutenant Clark they were enclosed in a letter directed to you and in care of Lee Pursinger. I told him that if he has no time to fetch it to Pursinger himself to leave it with Gilly [J---] or with [McCordy] in Covington and to tell them to give it to Pursinger whenever they get chance. I have nothing more to tell you at present but tell you that I remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo his wife\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to mother Sisters and brothers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nPaxton's Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 24, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I received your letter, that you send me by Henry Gilliland, from which I understood with sorrow that Isaiah and Sala had departed from this world. I had heard that Isaiah was so sick that it was [un]likely he would recover in one of your last letters, but you thought that Sala would get\nbetter therefore I did not expect that Sala would die. I am very sorry of all that but my sorrow wouldn't prevail anything. You must try to take care of yourself and do the best you can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have send you twenty dollars by Mr. [Gordy] when he left here and have never heard anything of it so whenever you write you must let me know something about and also of them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark. I have received some cakes, some thread and some red pepper that you have sended me by Henry Gilliland. You said that you send me some more soap by the next chance you will get but I must tell you that I have plenty soap now and I don't want anything at present, it is likely that we shall march by and by and I want be as light as possible for I expect we shall have hard time yet before the war will be over.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnson Boyar send me a cake sugar by Henry Gilliland. I have not much news to tell you now. You will give my best respects to Miss Sarah Johnson and to Mr. Pursinger. You must write to me oftner if you can. I was in hope of getting a furlow but they have stopped giving them now and there is no more chance of my coming home now untill next winter unless we are all discharged and peace made before that time. I could have got one if Mr. Evans had come back as soon as his was out but he stayed about nine days after his time was out and when he came back there was no more furloes to be recommended so I was out of my furlow,\nbut I hope that we will have peace before next winter and we shall all come home and remain for good.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to George and tell him that he must write to me. Give my best respects to Mother and [Russia] L. also and tell them to take good care of themselves. So nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you use to do\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 29, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nAs we are on the eave of a march and the commencement of the spring campaign I thought it better to write you this letter in order to let you know that I am yet in this camp and well, but every indication seems that we are on the verge of move as we had order to pack up all our extra bagages that we can not carry on our shoulder and send it away to Richmond. The days are getting long and the weather dryer and it shall soon pleasant enough to admit of active movement. I might not have time to write to you as regular as I have done, but you must write to me steadier, and not await to write to me untill you get a letter from me, but just write to me as often as it will be convenient to you. It has been long time since I haven't received a letter from you by mail, don't be too stinger in saving writing paper. This is leaving me well at present except a bad cold and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same good health that you was enjoying when I last saw you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there is a heap of talk about fighting, I think that there wouldn't be as much fighting this summer as there was last summer. There may be a fight or two here and if we whip them I think they give it up provide we don't go to Maryland. But if we go there I think we shall some tall fighting to do. This winter they intended to do active operations with there navy but they have been idle all the winter. The biggest navy ever was witnessed went to threaten Charleston but having arrived to the place of operation they paused and hesitated before the harbor as if they was afraid of attacking it and they have never attacked Charleston yet, and if they don't make an attack within two or three weeks from now I doubt very much whether it ever will be attacked or not, the reason of this is that they have been whipped so often that they are afraid to be whipped again.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe furloughs have been suspended for the present and it is very likely that there will not be any more granted untill next winter, but I hope that by that time we shall have peace and that we shall all come home to stay with our families never to be divided any more unless by death.\nDear you must tell me whether you have received the money that I send you or not. I send you 50 dollars by Lieutenant Clark and when he come home on furlough, and twenty dollars by Mr. McCordy afterward of which I haven't heard anything of it. Dear, if there is anybody administering on Captain Holloway's Estate, you must give that account that I left you to Pursinger and let him make the best of it and get the money if he can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear whenever I come home I will try to fetch you something but I don't know what it will be. If you want anything particular you must write to me about, and if my purse shall contain enough to buy it with I shall be happy to please you, but every thing is so high now that it almost take fortune to buy any thing. At the same time if you may make use of the money that I have send you if you see anything worth buying, and make use of it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson and to all the neighbors around you. To Mr. Pursinger also and keep a [illegible] for yourself, mother Russia and George if this shall come to hand before he shall have gone back to the army and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nStill direct you letters as you allways did. So Good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Winder\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 14, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written three or four letters since Henry Gilliland come home for which I haven't yet received any answer, neither can I tell the falt that keeps me from getting letters from you. If you are out papers you will please write to me and I will send you a blank sheet every time I write. You will please to write me every week weather you get any letters from me or not, and that is the I am doing too wether I get letters or not I write every week. You will please to tell me whether you have received them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark or not and the twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. McCordy the next time you write. If I get chance I shall send you some more money during the next month.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur wages have been increased four dollars per month and at that rate I am getting twenty one dollars per month. That is to comence the first of January, which it will make it sixteen dollars of extra wages due us by the first of May. We shall be paid off again in the begining of\nMay and there will be fifty dollars due me by that time, and if I get chance to send them to you I shall send you some money during next month, for I don't care about keeping much money with me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear We have been expecting to move from here for more than a weak but we haven't moved yet and I can't tell you how long we shall remain here but I don't [think] we shall stay in this camp much longer provide the weather will keep as drie as it does now, at least that is the general opinion among private soldiers and officers. We have been preparing to move for sometime. We have send away our extra bagages for about two weaks, and only kept with us\na blanket an overcoat and a change of clothes. Whenever we shall go on a march the officers shall have to carry their knapsacks on their backs just like we common soldiers. They were drawing knapsacks from the commissary to day to put their clothes in.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I have no news to tell you now of any importance. You must try to take a good care of yourself. Give my best respects to Mother and Russia and to the neighbors and keep a shear {share} for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStill direct your letters to Mr. John Garibaldi, Company C, 27th Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes, Stonewall Brigade, Trimbles' Division\u003cbr\u003e\nNear Fredericksburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You will excuse the\npencil writing as I am now in place where ink is too inconvenient to be procured. We are now in the battle field where the cannons are firing over us and I expect that tomorrow we shall have a general engagement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received your truly welcome letter of the 19th instant from which I understood that you and mother and Russia and I was very glad to hear from you. I have no news to tell you at present only that we are in the battle field drawn up in line of battle this evening and that the cannons began to roar this evening. How we will come out I am not able to tell you, but I hope that we will be able to whip them. I shall quit writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband until death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to mother Russia Lucinda Bush Sarah Johnson to Mr. and Mrs. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends and keep a shear {share} for yourself. So good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 9, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this blessed oppurtunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessing. I have written you a letter the last day of April with a pencil because I had no other way to write it and I hope that you have received it and will write to me every time you get chance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that we have been engaged in a hot battle since I last wrote to you and with the help of God I came out safe but out of about forty of our company that went in to the fight last Sunday there was only about thirty came out safe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that Lee A.B. Terry got wounded in wrist. There was six hundred and fifty odd killed out of our brigade and wounded. Our brigade went into battle twice, and the second time charged over the yankee brest works and ran the yankees away from there. Men fell on both side of me and if it had not been that God was with me I believe I'd fell too. I saw a man at my left hand who was shot in the face and when he fell he grabbed me by the legs and I got loose from him by jurking away from him. I expect he wanted me to help him out of the battle field but it was against my order to do it because there was men detailed for that purpose. In that fight I got me a portfolio full of writing paper and envelops which I needed badly and an oil cloth coat, our boys are now well supplied of oil cloths.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe got in the rear of the yankees saturday and we were fighting nearly all night saturday and all Sunday. We got thirty pieces of artillery. I can't tell you how many small arms but we have got any number of them. There was yankee knapsacks enough left on the ground to supply our whole army. The blankets were laying there in piles and were trampelled over by our men in the mudd. I never saw so much waste of property in my life. The enemy was laying behind their breastworks sunday morning with their\nknapsacks off and blankets and when they saw us coming they ran away leaving every thing behind them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now encamped in the wood here close to Fredericksburg but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed by good many that we shall have another battle before long, but I hope that we shall have some rest now for a while for we have been laying out in battlefields and without tents for nearly ten days and during that time we haven't had a whole night of sleep and been laying all the time under arms. The enemy is now across the river and I don't know how long he shall remain there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have giving you some account of the sunday battle but I expect you shall have heard of it before this [letter] will come to hands and perhaps you shall have heard some fuller accounts than I have given you because them around the battle field not actually ingaged generally knows more about the battle than them that were engaged in it. If my\nhead was right for wrighting you some thing about the battle I might perhaps tell you something more but as I don't [feel] enclined on account of their being such noise in it as I heard in the battle field. But if as soon as I get chance I shall write you again and tell you something more about the battle.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that {I saw}George Poor before and after the battle and he was well and he came out safe of the battle, and he sends you all his best respects. I hadn't time to speak to him long. I saw him Friday evening before the battle and only had time to shake hands with him. Then I saw him again tuesday after the battle and hadn't time to speak to him long then as we were ordered off again immediately, but he told me he was well, and came out safe of the battle field and he sends you all his best respects. You must write to me soon and direct your letter as you did before.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. John Garibaldi, care of Captain C.L. Haynes\u003cbr\u003e\nCompany C 27th Va. Infantry\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNear Fredericksburg\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn R. Hepler sends you all his best respects and he is well. I shall finish off writing by giving you to mother and Russia my best repects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Fredericksburg Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 11, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife:\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving somewhat leisure time to write to you this beautiful monday evening I will seat myself down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter last weak but not knowing whether you received it or not I thought I would write you this present one, as I have chance to send it to Covington by Mr. Lamby.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have had some very hard time begining from the 29 of last month up to the about the six of May. On the 29th of last month we left our winter quarters on account of the\nenemy having crossed the Rappahannock and marched up to Hamilton's crossing about eight miles distant. There we slept two nights in a wheat field. It rained nearly all\nthe time and we were to lay out and take it. On the first of May, in the morning, having learned that the enemy, or part of it, had crossed higher up the river about thirty miles, and was marching down on the Fredericksburg plank road, aiming to flank the crest of hills surrounding Fredericksburg, our division and some other divisions with it started up the river on the plank road on which the enemy was coming down and slept that {there} on the battle field where the enemy had been repulsed by the advance of our army. The next morning we started again, and mile or two brought us up in front of the enemy. There we halted for about an hour, and afterward left the main road and took a small county road to left, we marched about twelve miles leaving the enemy at our right, and got in the rear in the evening at about two or three o'clock, where the yankees didn't expect us to attack them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere the fighting commenced. One of our division took the front and drove the enemy for about two or three miles, drove the yankees out of their breastworks but fortunately\nfor us that them breastworks were not made to defend themselves in the rear, but they were made to defend themselves in front where the enemy expected us to attack them, they took several batteries and good many prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey made several charges on us during Saturday night but they were repulsed all the time and we took that night a whole brigade and their general prisoners. We spended\nthe whole of Saturday night drawn up in line of battle and changing positions. Sunday morning found our Brigade drawn in line of battle in as very thick bushes and small timber at the enemy's right, and at about day light, or may be little after, they commenced cannonading over our head and it looked like that they had commenced early in the morning just for a day's work, but fortunately for us that their balls [and] shells went all over our heads, and none of our Brigade got killed in that place that I have heard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt about eight o'clock the enemy moved all his infantry forces on our right in order to overpower us and [cut] their way through us and commenced the firing of small arms, and we were then moved to the right where the enemy was presing the most, and there we were engaged twice. The first time we were engaged we lost our Brigadier General,\nand in about 15 minutes we were ordered to fall back and then we fell back behind the breastworks behind which the enemy had been dislodged by our sharpshooters about\nfifteen or twenty minutes before. And while we were thus laying behind them breastworks which were built by the enemy the night previous General Stuart rode by and our Brigade gave them three cheers, and he then told us to advance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe then went in again and ran the enemy for about a quarter of a mile and ran them out of two lines of entrenchments, but without no little loss, we took several pieces of cannons, some prisoners and several artillery horses. Out of twenty two hundred of our Brigade there was six hundred and twelve killed and wounded, and out of about thirty five out of our company there was nine killed and wounded. Our orderly Sergeant was killed dead on the battle field. His name was William Scanlon. He was an Irishman and a good Soldier who had been through all the war of Mexico and was a very steady soldier. Another one, a little fellow who came as a substitute [illegible] by the name of John Archy was mortally wounded in the head and died two or three days after. William Evans was wounded somewhere above the knee and it is feared that he will not live. Another fellow by the name of Caleb Griffith was wounded in the nexk, but he is going about and there is no danger of him. James H. Forbes was wounded in the arm but it is thought that he will get better. Isaac Reynolds was wounded somewhere in the leg and he is going about. Lee A. B. Terry was wounded in the wrist but he will get better, and I expect that he is come home and he'll tell you the same news I do. Colonel James K. Edmondson of our regiment had his army cut off.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral T. J. Jackson died day before yesterday at about one o'clock in the afternoon. He did not die on account of his wound, he die of the newmony {pneumonia}. He was wounded early on the Saturday night the second of May, it is said by our men. When the enemy was making them charges on us he accidently or some how or other happened to be between our men and the enemy in one of them charges with several other Generals, and they rode toward our lines. At the approach of the enemy and of his musketry and our men hearing such noise through the bushes thought it was the\nenemy's cavalry and they fired into them wounding two Generals and a Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYesterday there was an escort of honor of about two hundred and fifty detailed out of our Brigade to accompany General Jackson's corpse to Richmond and I was one among them, but before we could march down to Guinea Station about eight miles distant from our camp, the remains of our General had been removed on the Rail Road and so we were about an hour too late.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe took about ten thousand yankee prisoners, thirty pieces of Artillery and about forty thousand stands of small arms. There is no end to the knapsacks that the enemy left\nbehind him on the battle field, there was knapsacks enough I believe to supply our whole army. They principally full of crackers and they came to play pretty well with us\nas our rations ran out the day before. They had eight days of provisions with them, they had brought not much clothing with them only a change of underclothes, [and] their portofolios full of writing paper and envelops to write letters at home after the battle, and their pen and ink. All that I did get is a portfolio with paper and envelops in it, some yankee postage stamps, some crackers, a pair of clean new drawers, some ink and an oil cloth coat. Our men have now plenty of oil clothes, and fear rain no more. After our men had done picked up all the oil clothes and blankets and overcoats there was any quantity still left on the ground tramped in the mud.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur whole loss was estimated at eight thousand. The battle is now over for the present and we are now encamped stationary for a while resting but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed that the enemy will try some where else before long and if he did seek refuge across the Rappahannock, it is believed he will make his\nappearance again as balloon has been seen now for two days in succession, viewing this side of the river.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Lamby is here now and he is now going to start so I will finish my writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death, John\nGaribaldi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to elder Lee Pursinger and you might let him read this letter just for information sake. Enclosed you will find two or three yankee postage stamps just for you keepsake.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you did before. I saw George Poor after the fight and he wasn't hurt but I hadn't time to speak to him long. He sends you all his best respects. So Good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Hamilton Station.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 28, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you three\nletters since the late battle and this makes the fourth for which I haven't yet received any answer. I am awayting for an answer from you almost every day but that answer never came yet. You must write to me often if you are able if it is twice a weak.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now encamped here behind Fredericksburg and have been here since the battle but don't know how long we shall yet remain here but I don't think we shall remain here long, for I have heard that Longstreet's forces have had orders to cook three days rations and be ready to march in a moment's warning.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am sending you this letter by hand as Mr. Raynolds is here now from Alleghany and he is going to start back\ntomorrow. I will give it to him, and I think he is the shorest mail yet. I have no news to write to you at present. You will direct your letter to John Garibaldi\nCo. C., 27th Regt. Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Johnson's Divison.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJust after I had sealed up my letter Mr. Pursinger arrived here just from Alleghany and I thought I would send you this letter by him and twenty five dollars with it. I shall send also by him two neck comforts. Write to me\nsoon and don't wait for letters untill you write because the letters don't come safe. I wrote to you three letters\nhere lately, send them by mail and you haven't received any.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Hepler is well. Thomas Arrington is well also and he is with the company doing duty. They both send their best respects to you. Give my best respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson. I received the letter that you sended me by Mr. Pursinger and was glad to learn that you mother and Russia was well. Give them my best respects and keep a good share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs Sarah A.V.P. Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Paxton.\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 3, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have received marching orders today and don't know when I will get chance to write you another. We just cooked three days rations and put them in the haversacks and we are now ready to march at a moments warning. It may be that we'll start this evening, or tonight or wait till tomorrow morning but that we are going to commence an active campaign. It is the belief of every body in the army, and it may be that we will take another trip into Maryland before the summer shall end.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you at this time. I wrote to you by Lee Pursinger and sended you twenty five dollars, and told you all the news I knew. I send home also a dozen of yankee envelops with stamps on it and two comforts which I had [no] use of them with me. You will please to send me little soap next chance you get as we can't get any of it here of any amount. You will please to write to me oftner than you do and direct your letter as you always did. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and also to Mother and Sister Russia and to all my enquiring friends and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eto Sarah Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stephenson, Frederick County, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 16, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI take this blessed opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will tell you know that I survived another storm and that it pleased God to let me come out unhurt from the battle field. We have now here in the valley about forty thousand men, the corps of Lieutenant General Ewell, and what is the object for taking us here I am not able to tell you. I know that it wasn't necessary to take opposite of forty thousand men here to whip and take seven or eight thousand yankees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe arrived here in the valley and in the vicinity of Winchester last Saturday and surrounded the town. General Rode's Division went down to Martinsburg to cut off their reinforcement who, upon being attacked by the yankee reinforcement whipped them back and captured all their\nordnance train. Sunday morning we drew closer around Winchester, that is our Division and Early's Division, and toward Sunday evening got our artillery in position and began to bombard their fortifications, but too well fortified to charge on their fortifications but we could have taken them with a heavy loss, so the commander of our corps General Ewell left a gap open thinking that they will try to get out during the night and thus make its escape, and he fell on the right plan. During Sunday night the yankee General spiked all its artillery and left every thing behind them and before they got about four miles from town they were headed our division and they had to fight us on open ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe battle commenced before it was clear day and lasted about an hour an half. As the enemy had left all their artillery behind them they had none to fight us with but small arms. They tryed to charge on our battery three times and repulsed each time. Then they commenced retreating and we followed, and they surrendered, five yankee regiments gave to our our brigade and surrendered. They staked arms for us, hung their accoutrements and gave themselves up to us as prisoners of war. Our brigade alone took six of their flag.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was but few killed and wounded out of our Brigade and them were out skirmishing. None of our company got hurt. Henry Gilliland requested to tell you to tell his family that he is alright, and that he would write in a few days. John R. Hepler also requested me to tell you to\nlet Barny Johnson know that he is well and that he would write to them in a few days. This was the cheapest victory ever was achieved yet without the loss of so many lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe feel very much tired out marching from around Fredericksburg to this place, and we are now under marching orders again. We cooked three days rations, and filled up our haversacks with it and we are to be ready to march by eleven o'clock.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much more to tell you at this time, only that I want you to write to me oftner than you do. Give my best respects to Lee Pursinger and family, to Barny Johnson and family and to Sarah Johnson and family and keep a portion for you, for mother and Sister Russia and Remain your affectionate husband untill death,\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda\u003cbr\u003e\nDirect Your letters to Winchester, Frederick County, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nCo. C. 27th Va. Regt Vols,\u003cbr\u003e\nStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington County Maryland. July 10, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI take this present opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am yet alive, but my health is not very good though I am yet doing duty. I haven't received a letter from you since the seventeenth of May last nor I haven't heard any thing about you. You must write often at least once a week. I haven't written to you now for some time because I hadn't chance but when I had I send you a letter every week.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe crossed the Potomac river on the 18 of June. We have been up nearly to Harrisburg the capitol of Pennsylvania. We then came back and met the enemy at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and fought for three days. We whipt him badly the first day, and it then fell back, took up a strong position and threw entrenchments and repulsed us. We then fell back ourselves and took up a position but the enemy refused to attack us. After staying there a day without being attacked we fell back across the mountains where we are now about thirteen miles from the Potomac.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe river is completely swelled by the heavy rains so that we can't ford it for a week and it is believed that before we will cross the river the enemy will come and attack us and that it will be a very big battle. We have about fifteen thousand yankee prisoners that belongs to our corps besides them of Longstreet, and A.P. Hill's corps to fetch to Virginia. Our loss is pretty heavy. There was thirteen out of our company killed and wounded. Henry Gilliland was killed dead on the field. William Lawson was killed, David and Lee Gilbert were badly wounded, John Hepler was slightly wounded and the Captain and Lieutenant Clark.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't time to write any more because that man is going to start out so nothing more at present but to reamin your affectionate husband untill Death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Darksville, Berkeley County, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 19, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours of the 15 of June last few days ago from which I understood with gladness that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou are complaining in your last letter that I don't write to you but that aint so for when I am in camp I write to you at least every weak. Two or three weeks have passed without writing to you but we were constantly marching in Pennsylvania and Maryland and the mail was right smartly interrupted so that we could neither receive nor send a letter. The last letter I wrote to you was written with the pencil, and it was whilst I was in Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI saw brother Geroge there and he told me that he had came out of the fight safe and that he was well. He asked me when I had heard from you all, and whether you was [well], and sends his best love to you all. You must try to write me oftner if you can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI could write to you, now, something about the time we have had in Maryland and Pennsylvania but I think it almost unnecessary as I expect you have heard all about it\nbefore this time. The people of Pennsylvania treated us very kindly but I think it was only from their teeth out. When we went to their houses they gave us plenty to eat of every thing they had. They are living in a very flourishing countries, plenty of good wheat, plenty of the best meadows I ever saw in my life. The generality of the people haven't got more than eighty acres of land and they have it in highest state of cultivation and living like princes almost. They seem to be very much unconcerned\nabout the war, very seldom they see a soldier, and they hardly know what war is, but if the war was to be carried on there as long as it was carried on in Virginia they would learn the effects of it, and perhaps would soon be willing to make peace like we are.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Arrington sends you all his best respects and he is well. Henry Gilliland was killed in the Gettysburg fight. I shall finish writing by giving you, to Russia and mother\nmy best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill Death, John Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stone Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nAugust 4, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your kind and affectionate letters yesterday evening dated July the 11 and 23 which afforded great deal of satisfaction in learning that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter about four or five days ago, which I do not know whether you have or will receive it or not. We don't get half the mail that is send to us. When ever there too much of mail and too troublesome to be distribute it they just destroy it, especially when on a march. So it is very uncertainly, when you write to me, whether I will get the letter or not. The only thing is to keep writing and among so much perhaps we will get hear from each other sometime.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news of any importance to write you at present. We have been encamped for three or four days on the plank road near Orange Court House but I don't know how long we shall remain here. The last camp we left, we started from it at about sundown and marched and marched about nine miles before we stopped, that was the same day that I wrote to you. We started again in the next morning at half after six and came here in the evening. We don't know when shall leave here but we may go at any time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is the general belief that the war will be over by next spring and that we shall all come home. I wish I was at home now and be with you for I am getting tire of this war and would like to come home to see you. The weather is very hot here now. I wish I was at home to thrash my wheat but as I can't come you all must try to get it thrashed the best way you can, but I don't expect there will be much to thrash as they all complain that it is all to thin on the ground and I expect that mine is the same way.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to mother and Sister Russia and tell her that I am sorry to hear that she was sick for wanting of a beau, but tell her that she must be patient. Give my respects also to Sarah Johnson, to Mr. Pursinger, to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nAugust 14, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written\nto you three or four letters since we crossed the Potomac for which I haven't yet received any answer, only them two that I got from John Tingler and they were no answer to the ones I wrote to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now encamped about two miles and a half from Orange Courthouse on the plank road, and have been resting for a while , haven't nothing to do yet since we have been\nhere except guard and picket duty and it may be that we will remain here for several weaks yet. There is the best season here we have had for some time. It rains two or\nthree times a weak, and the corn looks better about here now than any corn I have yet seen. We pay one dollar dozen for roasting ears but they are pretty big ones. We received pay for two months three or four days ago, and we will draw two more months in the begining of September.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will please to send me some socks for the next winter, a pair of woolen gloves and some soap. We have to pay three dollars per pound for soap now. I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are all well, but we don't quite get anything to eat, we sometime buy extra flour and pay at the rate of sixty dollars per barrel. I wish I was at home to sow some more wheat this fall, you must tell me how many bushels of wheat you threshed out of them five bushels that I sowed last fall and how many bushels it took to make a bushel. I have nothing more to tell you at this time only to remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect your letters as follow\u003cbr\u003e\nMr. John Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nCo. C. 27th Regt Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Second army corps, Army of Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myslef down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying Do.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt this time I have no news of any importance to tell you only that we have hard times and wars coming. Some thinks that we'll have peace before long, but I don't look for any peace during Lincoln administration and, if at the end of his term another president is elected belonging to the same party or he is reelected himself we may look for another four years of war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI just received your letter of the 31 of July last from which I understand with great pleasure that you and the family was all well. They are commencing to grant furloughs now but they are granting so few that my chance is very poor for that. I hate to apply for one and besides there is some here that they have never been at home since the commencement of the war and I think them are more entitle to a furlough than I am and they will be the first ones to get it, but I am pretty shure that I will get one next winter. At this time they are only granting furloughs to two men out of every hundred, and when these two men will come back there will be but one going home out of the same number. The length of the furlough is only fifteen days. There is one out of our company going home this time. His name is Charles Gilliland and lives with\nMajor Haynes. By next winter the furloughs will be more numerous and of longer time and then, perhaps, I will get chance to come home myself and I have no doubt I will come home sometime next winter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Arrington sends his best respects to you and so does the Gilberts. John Hepler was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg and we haven't seen him since. We are looking for him almost every day but he hasn't come yet. It is not known where he is, some says that he never crossed the river and that in Yankeedom yet but now don't know exactly where he is. He was slightly wounded in the arm, and he came from Gettysburg to the banks of the Potomac a distance of about fifty miles by himself and we surely thought he had crossed the river but since that time we heard that he never did.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are camping here about Orange Court House and have been here for about three weeks and likely we will stay here good while longer yet and resting pretty well. There is no prospect of any fighting now, and some thinks that we will have no more fighting here or at least no big fighting and I don't think we will much more fighting here neither except we might have another big fight here and that it will be about the last. Some thinks that there is an armistice now, but unknown to us. I would be glad if this\nwar was to stop so that we might all come and mind our business at home. I think if fighting will setlle this matter there has been fighting enough now, and if fighting wouldn't settle it, there is no use of any more bloodshed, for it is the general belief among the soldiers and in foreign countries that fighting can't settle it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have preaching here every day and three times on holy days. Yesterday was a feast day by the command of President Davis and there was a great many assembled around the altar for the purpose of worshipping God, and pray for peace, and there was good many ladies came to our camp to preaching from the neighborhood around here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have to pay thirty five cents pound for flour here now, one dollar dozen for ginger cakes and very small at that, dollar a piece for pies, dollar a dozen for apples, dollar a dozen for roasting ears, four dollars per pound for soap. The corn crop here looks very promising, the corn about here is of the best I ever saw and there has been rain enough during this summer about here to keep every thing from suffering. The people about here are just now beginning to plow for wheat, and I begin to think that I ought be at home to plant some myself, but I am afraid there will be no plowing done by me this fall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Mr. Lee Pursinger and to all the neighbors around you, to mother and Russia and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband till death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrite to me and direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi, Co. C., 27th Regt. Va. Vols., Stonewall Brigade, Second Army Corps, ANV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nAugust 27th, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote you a letter last week but not seeing any answer for it I thought I would write you this present one that you may know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. It was just yesterday that I saw an extract from a Northern paper in the dayly Richmond Sentinel in which John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence were reported as prisoners of war at Fort Delaware. Hepler and Reynolds were both slightly wounded. David Pence never was in the engagement and he must have been picked up straggling out by the yankee cavalry. We all thought that Hepler and Reynolds were both at home untill yesterday evening, when we saw it in the Sentinel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you only that we are all well in the company. George Tingler was sick for two or three days but he is now getting better. You may look for me at\nhome next winter on furlough. I think I stand a pretty good chance to come next winter. I hope that the war will be over next summer and we will all come home for good.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and for Mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill\ndeath.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda\u003cbr\u003e\nSo good by for this time\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 3, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife I received your letter of the 8 of August last from which I understood with great pleasure that you and the rest of the family were all well, but sorrow to hear that you had been sick. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are laying here in camp yet doing nothing but guard duty. All the boys are well in general. Thomas M. Arrington's\n[leg] is breaking out again the same one that he got hurt last fall coming home on the cars. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast, and he never spoke a word after he was\nshot, he fell forward and died in an instant. He got killed early in the morning in the first charge, he was left in the field unburied because the yankees fell in possession of the battlefield on the left in which we were fighting. But of course he was burried by the yankees, as it is the rule that the party that falls in possession of the battle field burries the dead.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds, and David Pence are prisoners at Fort Delaware. John R. Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded and they were taken\nby the yankee in a raid made on our wagon as they were crossing the south mountain in Pennsylvania coming from Gettysburg. Lee Gilbert is dead, he died in two or three days after he got wounded and David Gilbert got well. The last time we heard from there he was walking about. James A. Rawlins our regimental hospital steward who stayed\nbehind in Pennsylvania with doctor Sayers to take care of our wounded, just lately came through the lines under flag of truce brought the above news about the Gilberts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou seems to be anxious about my coming home on furlough but there is no chance for me at present. I would like to come home myself but I don't think I'll get chance to come\ntill next winter unless they get to grant the furloughs more numerous than they do now. I think you may look for me next winter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI saw Brother George about a month ago and he was well at that time. I don't know where he is now, because he was marching at the time I saw him nor does he know where I am now because we have moved the camp since, and I can't get out here to go and hunt for him, for I may have to hunt for several days before I'll find him, and I can't get a pass for that long time to get out of the camp. He told me that he is hardly ever sick and that he enjoys his health in the army as well as when he was out of the army and that he thought he wasn't made to be killed or die in the army. But I will try get a pass for twenty four hours as soon as I can and look for him and will tell him to write\nhome.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will please tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is with his regiment and he is well. He has been seen by George Gilbert about nine or ten days ago, and by Arrington about two or three days ago, and he was well at that time and with his company. I would go over and see him myself, but they are so strict on us that we can't\nget out of the camp without a pass from our Major General and they wouldn't grant but one pass a day out of each company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect there is soldiers at home all the time on furlough, but there is no soldiers at\nhome now in Alleghany from this army except they have been wounded and unable for duty except one from our company, whose name is Charles Gilliland and lives with Major Haynes and three or four of the Alleghany roughs, who received a furlough for fifteen days. And if there is any others at home besides them that I mentioned they are\nat home on French furlough, that is I am now speaking about this army, but from the army of North Western Virginia they can come home almost any time as they are\nallways in camp and close enough home to go and back in days and they generally keep at a pretty good distance from the enemy, therefore they can come home almost\nas often as they please, because their presence in the army is not so strictly required. But here in this army we have too much fighting and marching to do to be absent from our command and we are therefore kept under strict discipline.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will finish writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003cbr\u003e\nGive my best respects to Mother and Russia and to all the neighbors. So good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 25, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of September 11th came to hands last night which afforded untold pleasure in hearing that you and mother and Russia was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You told me in your letter that you hadn't received a letter for almost five weeks but that is the postmaster's falt for I haven't let a week pass without writing to you. I haven't received a letter from you for almost four or five weeks neither except the one I received last night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have had no peace for a good while. We have been marching about for opposite of ten days. The enemy is in our front and we look for a battle soon. We have been throwing up breastworks a whole night, but I don't expect that it will do us much good for the yankees never did attack us in our fortifications yet. Whenever we fortify in one place they go and attack us in another, in fact they are too smart to attack us wherever we are fortified for they can't whip us out of our fortifications let alone in the fortifications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think I will come home next winter on furlough perhaps fifteen days. I don't think there will be any furloughs granted for any longer time than that. I know I am entitled to a furlough next winter, whether I'll get it or not I am not able to tell lyou, but I think I will get one. I would like to come home and see you all but there is no chance at present for me. I saw Geroge several\ntimes and not later than last week and he was well.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you would like to know what became of Lee and David Gilbert. Lee is dead from a wound received at Gettysburg. He didn't live but two or three days after he was wounded. David was wounded also in the same battle but he is well now and he is prisoner of war in the North, and he may be exchanged before long. John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence are at Fort Delaware. John Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded, but I expect they are both well by this time. We did not know what had become of David Pence at first till here about a month ago, when we saw his name on the paper, saying that he was at Fort Delaware prisoner. He got lost from us the night before the battle and therefore he wasn't engaged. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast and died instantly. His body was left on the battle field in the hands of the enemy, and to be burried by the enemy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe health of our men here now is most excellent, we scarcely hear of any sickness at all. I weigh now one hundred and forty seven pounds, and I never did weigh more than a hundred and forty nine in my life. We are getting very scanty rations too. The weather here now is very\ngood. I suppose you have heard of the battles they have had in tennessee where our men whipped the yankees and took about seventy pieces of artillery, and about then thousand prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wish this war was over for I am getting tire of soldiering but I don't see any prospect of peace till Lincoln administration lasts and he has yet more than a year to administer the Federal Government, and it lays in his power either to make peace or carry on the war. My time of enlistment will be out next Spring, but I expect to soldier untill the land is blessed with peace, and every body else may as well conclude to do the same or be considered as deserters, for the man that will not be willing to soldier he'll be forced into it. Neither do I expect that anybody will be exempted from the service because he put in substitutes for I believe that they will take in substitutes and all next spring.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am sorry to hear that Micahel Aritt was taken prisoner for I believe he was trying to soldier as well as he could, although contrary to the will of his father and mother, but he, though against the will of his mother, is not a bushwacker like good many others, and answers to his country's call. I believe that if all of these bushwhackers and deserters would come in to the army we\ncould whip the yankees [thoroughly] and have peace by next winter. For such people as bushwhackers I have no good feeling. I don't care if they were all drowned although they be my best friend and brothers, because I believe they are reason why this war goes on so long.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas M. Arrington and James C. Gilbert are both well, and send their compliments to you all. I shall bring my letter to a close by giving you and mother and Russia my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStonewall Brigade, twenty miles below Orange Court House\u003cbr\u003e\nOctober 6, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nThough I wrote to you a letter about ten days ago for which I haven't yet received any answer, I will write you another one, and thinking that my letter never came to hands perhaps this will, for I think that not one third of my letters never reach their destiny, because I get just about one letter from you for every three I write to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours of September the 11 came to hands on the 24 and had just written you day before, and I thought I would wait till I got an answer for the one I had written, but having wayted for nearly two weeks for an answer from you and never seeing any coming I thought I would write to you\nthis present one that you may know that I am well, hoping that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying all the health that you may desire, together with Mother and Sister Russia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are under marching orders, and yesterday evening we had to cook our two days ration and pack up our knap sacks and ready to march at a moment's warning, but we have had such marching orders good many times before since we came across the mountain and never march afterward, so that we don't think that we will march this time. There is the Rapidan River between us and the enemy, a stream not any larger than Pots Creek in some places only it is deeper. We are in sight of each other. There is only about two hundred distance between the pickets and right in sight of each other but they never shoot at each other, but they talk with each other and sometime they exchange papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is supposed that the yankees are taring up the rail road and burning the ties as we could hear all last night a continual jingle of rail road iron, and could see fires all along the rail road and we saw with a glass yesterday, a train of wagons moving entirely from us. There is\ncertainly some movement on hands among them, and if it is so that they are destroying the rail road, they intend to give up these countries, because if they intended stay here they wouldn't certainly be destroying the railroad so necessary for the subsistance of their army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe saw an extract in our paper taken from some of the Northern papers, which said that the army of the Potomac has told for its self and that there wouldn't be no more fighting on the Potomac, except may be some skirmishing, or cavalry fighting. They reinforcing the South Western army and if they subjugate the South it will be from the South West, they have already found out that they can't whip the South by coming in this way.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope that twelve months from now will bring peace. Tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is well and with his regiment. I think I will get a furlough next winter and come home for a while. You must send me some socks, a pair of woolen gloves, some red pepper if you can by the first opportunity offered. If you can buy me three or four good pair of woolen socks, and a pair of woolen gloves for next Winter and send them to me by as soon as you can I will\nbe very much obliged to you, for we can't draw nothing here except cotton socks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Lee A.B. Terry, to Mr. Pursinger, and to all the enquiring friends and keep a share for your self and mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou must write to me soon and pay for the letters that you write for we don't get any letters unless they are paid for.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive Mrs. Sara Johnson my best respects. There is some talk about our regiment coming to Western Virginia under General Echols but I don't know how true this is nor when it will be, and perhaps never.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Coul Pepper [Culpeper] Courthouse\u003cbr\u003e\nOctober 21, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the six instant came to hands day before yesterday which gave great deal of satisfaction to learn that you and the family were both well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI saw George yesterday and I see him very often, he is as well as he could be expected. As Mr. Lamby is here now and got chance to send this letter by hand, I thought I would\nwrite to you this present letter and enclose twenty dollars, which you will receive and spend them as you need them. We have got payed off this morning and got thirty four dollars for two months that is for July and August. We shall soon have another pay day for September and October and in that pay we will get our clothing money. I expect I will get opposite of one hundred dollars and will try to send you some of it the next chance I get.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is some talk of our regiment coming to Western Virginia as soon as we'll get settled here for the Winter. We have been on a march for twelve days, and we expected\nto have a fight with the yankees but they didn't stand their own ground when they heard that we were coming, they ran away during the night. We left our old camp on the other side of the Rapidan River on the eight of this month and in three days march got to Coulpepper [Culpeper] Courthouse where the yankees had fixed themsleves nice\ncomfortable winter quarters, and stopped about five miles from the place to cook rations and be ready for the fight the next day, but the enemy having heard of it made\nhis escape at two o'clock in the morning. They even didn't have time to gather up their blankets and shoes but they were rushed out and crossed the Rappahannock River that\nnight. We took after them the next day and after two day's march overtook them again at this side Manassas Junction late in evening.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral A.P. Hill cut off their line of march in two in that case. We lost about one hundred and fifty killed and wounded but it was through bad management of General\nHeath or Hill that we lost so many killed. One North Carolina Brigade did pretty much all the fighting and they were badly whipped just for not having any support close at hand. The yankees had three Brigades engaged and about twenty cannons and we only one brigade and six pieces of cannons, but after reinforcement came up we took possession of the road they were marching on and cut off good many, but being nearly night and not having time to fight them, they got away and made their escape. We were all disapointed because we expected the yanks would make a stand some where but they kept going and when we'd catch up with them in evening they would get away during the night and have two or three hours os start on us, they done that twice, the cavalry done all the fighting in this trip.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have got about two or three thousand prisoners on this trip principally stragglers who couldn't keep up and the balance cavalry. We are now returned on this side of the\nRappahannock, after having broken up all the rail road from Manassas to the Rappahannock and burned all the ties, we expect to go now in a regular camp, where we may remain till next Spring unmolested. The yankees have been whipped often enough here in Virginia to come here again to fight us, it is believed by northern editors that the army of the Potomac has fought her last battle, and that it is useless to fight any longer here in Virginia so that the war will be removed from here to Tennessee and Kintucky and we shall have some fine time here. They have lately been whipped in Tennessee also and I believe that before twelve months these hostilities shall cease and they will let us depart in peace. It is said that Generals Heath and A.P. Hill are both under arrest for having thus managed the fight willfully bad. If the thing had went on right, we could have got a big fight out of them, whipped them bad and got nearly all their wagons and commissaries and a large quantity of prisoners, because their army is\nnow composed almost all of substitutes and conscripts and they don't care whether they fight or not, because they were forced in to it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI shall finish writing by giving you my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best Respects to Miss Russia and Mother to Mrs. Sarah Johnson to Mr. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends. Enclosed you will find twenty dollars. Excuse\nmy bad writing because I wrote in the hurry because Mr. Lamby might start before I get letter written.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 1, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at present and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are now and have been drawn up in line of battle for several days and a battle is looked for any time. Our Division had a fight day before yesterday in which we lost\nabout four hundred killed wounded and missing and I had the luck of coming out safe. I haven't time to give you much news at present as we are drawn up in line of battle\nthrowing up breastworks and expecting an attack at any time so I shall close up my letter by giving you and the family my best respects and will reamin your affectionate\nhusband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Gilbert got wounded day before yesterday on his league [leg] but there was no bone broken in his leg. He was the only one hurt in our company. You will excuse the\npencil writing because I could get no ink to write with here. Write to me as soon as you get this and let me know how you are getting along.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 4, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful Sabath morning in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they\nmay find you enjoying the same blessings. I have no particular news to tell you at this time. We are laying in camp here about seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse where we expect to stay for the winter provide the yankees don't make no new movements. They were offered battle about two\nweeks ago but they began to run so fast that we couldn't hardly keep up to them and when we did overtook them it was late in the evening and they got away during the\nnight, so we don't expect that we'll have any more fighting in the part of the army till next spring.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope that I will get a furlough sometime next winter but I am not certain of it. There is good many ahead of me and they will certainly get a furlough before I will but I think that the furloughs will be granted more numerous, and thus I will be able to get one myself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell George Kemper that Billy Kemper is not now with his regiment, he was send away from here sometime in September, he has received a sick furlough home and has never returned yet. Tell him that when he writes to him just to direct his letters thus, Mr. William P. Kemper, Co. C, 42 Reg. Va. Vols, Johnson's Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. I allways thought that Mr. Kemper was with his regiment untill the other day when I went to look for him. I don't know him when I see him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI send you twenty dollars in the last letter that I send you and when you write to me I want you to tell me whether you have received or not. The letter was directed to you and in the care of Mr. Lee Pursinger and sended it by Mr. Lamby and as the gentlemen has been to Alleghany and back again here now I will send you this present one the same\nway and by the same gentleman. You must write to me soon and tell me how you are getting along.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe will soon have another payday and will send you some more money. I can't send anything except money, there is nothing that I can buy to send you, except to send you\nlittle money every once an while. You must try to get along the best way I can. Give my best repects to Mother and Sister Russia, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, to Mr. and Mrs.\nPursinger and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Orange Court House\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 15, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 25 of the last month came to hands three or four days ago from which I derived the welcomed information that you and the family and neighbors in general were all enjoying the same state of health in which I have always wished you all remain. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you all enjoying the same.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou haven't wrote to me about them twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. Lamby but I supposed that when you wrote to me this letter you hadn't yet received them, but I hope that you have got them before this time and when you will write to me you will tell me whether you have receive them or not. Besides the money I have sended you two religious newspapers in which you will find a heap of good reading and no doubt you will pass off a good deal of your lonesome time and profit you very much.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to write to you at this time. We have had severall movements but no fighting of any consequence yet. We are now again camped this side of the Rapidan. The yankees make good many demonstrations but I don't think they have intention to fight, they only want make us believe that they are going to fight us in order to keep us from reinforcing General Bragg. It is the general belief that there will be no more fight here till next spring.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe get very scanty rations now. Since I commenced writing this letter we had orders to cook two days rations and be ready to march at moments warning. There was a heavy\ncannonading down the Rapidan this morning and it may be that we will have a general engagement soon. We have just now receive orders to move at once. So nothing more at present but to Remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 21, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that yours of the 9th instant came duly to hands last night which afforded me great deal of satisfaction in hearing that you was well with the balance of the family. I don't feel very well today but am still doing duty and I don't think it will amount to very much, and will soon get better, for it is nothing but head ache and pains about my back. But I hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying better health than I do at present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that I have no news of any importance to write to you at present, they keep us moving about right smart, for we hardly stay two or three days stationary at place before we move again, but it looks very much that there will not be no more fighting in this part of the country till next spring. Whenever you write to me you must tell me all that you know about the yankees, for I understood that they have been again in Alleghany. I am very sorry that you couldn't get any wheat sowed, and I wish that I was at home to sow some for you but I am afraid that it will be some time yet, before I'll\nget chance to come home. I hope though that I will get chance to come home next winter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI must tell now that there was sent here from Staunton a whole lot of clothes especially for the brigade, and that we all had chance to draw anything we want in the way of\nshoes, drawers, shirts, pants, and jackets. I drew a very good jacket and pants and shirts and drawer, this was far the best clothing for winter we drew for long time so that\nwe are all of this brigade supplied of good warm clothing. I shall quit writing for this time by giving you my best respects and also to mother and Russia and will remain\nyour affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear I must tell you that Thomas W. Rose is sick and was send away to the hospital about two weeks ago. I haven't seen George for sometime now. If you have any chance\nyou can let Thomas W. Rose people know that he is not now with the company and that they not send letters here to him for Captain Clark has three or four of his letters and\ndon't know what hospital to send them. We have had no snow here yet it is raining here today. We have had some very warm days for this [time] of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 5, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI have written you a letter a few days ago but not having wrote to you all that I should have written I come to write to you this present one in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same sort of blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I wrote to you the last time I should have told you that George Poor got wounded in the shoulder on the 27 of November last by a minie ball. It was a bad wound but not\nmortal. I just now found it out and did not know anything about his being wounded, a man in our company just went over today to George's company to see some of his\nrelations, and brought me the news when he came back that George was wounded. He is now in some hospital but don't know where and will write to you where he is as soon\nas I find it out, but it may be some time before I do find out where he is.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at this time only that we are laying still in camp. All the Yankees went back across the river without much fighting. They found out that they\ncouldn't whip us and they went back over the river. It may be that they will not come back any more untill next spring provide the winter sets in soon but if the weather\nremains good.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Tingler is sick, took sick last night just like he did last fall with a pain on his left side. The doctor applied a muster plaster to it and the pain disappeared but he is not well yet although he is a heap better than he was last night. Thomas W. Rose is sick in General Hospital number 2 Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf you get chance to send me anything you will please to send me one of the comforts that I send home last spring but if the winter be about over before you get chance to\nsend it you need not mind it but you can send me some socks any time you get chance because I haven't a pair to my foot now and there is no chance to draw any from the\ngovernment. As it is getting dark and haven't time to write any more I shall wind up my letter by giving my best respects onto all the family and neighbors and will remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and Terry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 16, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with great pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful day to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written you several letters for which I have not yet received any answer. I hope that you will not put it off writing when you get this letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you of any importance at this time only that we are laying still in camp doing nothing. I suppose you have heard that George Gilbert was wounded in the battle of Germana Ford on the 27 of November last in one of his legs only a flesh wound but it was a pretty bad one. I have written you in one of my previous letters that George Poor was wounded on the same day pretty bad but not mortally. They were both send out to the hospital but don't know where. George Tingler is getting better and he is now near just about as well as ever. Thomas W. Rose was send to the hospital sick little better than a month ago and he is in Lynchburg, Virginia General hospital number two.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will please to try to get me some socks, some red pepper, some soap and send them to me by the next opportunity offered. You will please to send me also one of them comforts that I send home last Spring by Lee Persinger and my Catholic prayer book as soon as you can. We will draw our pay in two or three weeks from now and will send you some money by the next chance I'll get.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know what time I will get chance to come home this winter there is good many before me to get furloughs yet and they are letting might few to go home at time now\nonly one out every fifty is allowed to go home at time but I hope that after while they will grant them more numerous and will then have chance myself to get one.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will finish my letter by giving you mother and Sister my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my best respects to Lee Persinger and Terry and to all the neibors. So good by.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp 27th Va Regiment Near Orange Court House\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 9, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 4 instant came duly at hands last night which afforded great deel of pleasure in hearing that you and the family were all well. This leaves me well at present\nand hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. Dear I have no news of any importance to tell you at present, only that we are all in pretty comfortable winter quarters and doing nothing but guard, and picket duty. Our ration of meat has been reduced to a quarter of a pound of bacon per day, or three quarters of a pound of beef, but they are giving us lard in place of it. Besides we draw sugar, rice, coffee, and dried fruit pretty often. Our flour rations is eighteen ounces per day yet, and very likely to be so for the winter. Myself and Mr. Gibson have a shanty of our own that we built, and sleep together. He is cooking for the preacher, the doctor, the adjutant, and the Regimental stewart, and they are paying him extra wages, and we get plenty to eat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI don't want you to send me anything by mail except letters, for it is so uncertain, if you want send me anything send it to me by hands or don't send it at all and I'll try to do without it, rather than to [lose, have]. I am entirely bare footed but I think I'll get shoes today or tomorrow, but as for socks there [none] to be drawn and haven't had a pair on me for two months. The winter is going along pretty well and after while it will be warm enough to go without socks, I hope, but if I had couple pairs now, and one of my comforts, I would be very glad. Whenever you get chance, to send it by hands, I want\nyou to send me my Catholic prayer book, a pair of socks or two provide you can get them, and my comfort.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wish I could come home on a furlough but I expect it will be way late in the winter or Spring before I'll get one, but my turn will come sometime, and you may look for me at home sometime this winter or next Spring. I would like to know how you all are getting along for something to eat, you all have no chance to make money to buy flour because it is so high, and there is nobody at home, to do any thing for you all so that I am afraid that either you are, or will have to suffer. I can not help you much, because my wages are only seventeen dollars per month. However there is about one hundred dollars coming to me next pay day, which is now due, of which I shall try to send you fifty, next opportunity I'll meet. You must try to get along the best way you can, for I cannot help you much and I'll come home as soon as I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext Spring my term of service of three years will be over, but I expect that we will, all, have to stay in, for during the war, and there will be no men discharged from the service at all, except them unfit for duty, but if they, next Spring, give us chance to reinlist and join any command we please, I have concluded to come West. It seems to me that the war is going to be a long one.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe weather is very fine here today, we haven't had but two little snows, it snowed night before last about two inches deept but it is going away very fast. The ground is frost here very deep. You must give my best respects to George [Roore], George Gilbert, Thomas W. Rose, Lee H. B. Terry, to Mother, Sister Russia, to all the neighbors and\nkeep a share for yourself, and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill Death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Gibson sends you his best respects and he is [well]. Mr Arington sends you his best repsects and he is well also, the boys are generally well. There is but very little sickness in the army.\u003cbr\u003e\nSo good by\u003cbr\u003e\nMr. Gibson sends you a tract for you read.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 8, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this morning to let you know that I arrived here last friday night safe at camp. Our brigade had been on picket for about thirteen\ndays on account of them yankee raids in our rear and the balance of our division been out on a march toward Chancellorsville, they came to camp again last sunday and they relieved us yesterday. All our troops have returned to camp and settled down again, it was nothing but a yankee raid trying to take Richmond and burn it relieve the yankee prisoners and hang Jeferson Davis, but they failed in all that. General Dalgreen was killed and his party dispersed. General Killpatrick made his escape in Butler's line. He was in full command of the Yankee raiding cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Gibson started out on his furlough yesterday morning and he will get home tonight. I am now cooking in his place for the doctor and the preacher untill he'll come back. I am sorry to tell you that Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack at Millboro with everything that he had in it my things and his things both, he said he laid his knapsack on his boxes on the platform and hadn't left it no more than ten minutes when somebody stole it from him. He says that he thinks it was some of the provost guard at that place. Whenever you get chance you will please to send me another pair socks. I want neither gloves nor comfort any more this winter and if I had another pair of socks I could make out for this winter. Lee A.B. Terry is not in camp now he was send off sick sometime before I got here and don't know where he is. You must try to write to me as soon as you get this so I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 24, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is a pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you a letter on the tenth of this month for which I haven't yet received any answer. Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack in coming to the army and everything it contained. He said that of the provost guard stole it from him at Millboro so that he lost everything that you had\ngiven him to fetch me.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe snow fell about a foot deep here day before yesterday however the weather is very nice now. There was great snowbowling yesterday. It first commenced between the 27th and 33d Regiment and after about an hour of snow bowling the 4th regiment took our part and reinforced us, and the 2d Regiment reinforced the 33d, in about an hour afterward the fifth Regiment reinforced the 4 and 27th and snowbowled the 2d and 33d out of their camp. Afterward the whole brigade joined together again and attacked Rodes Division. Some of the 4th Brigade Louisianians and some of the 33d Brigade of our Division joined our Brigade. Rodes division turned out and ran our fellows into camp. Brigadier General Doles was commanding Rodes Divison. We had no generals ingaged on our side except some colonels\ntook part in the fun. Some rascal or other nocked General Doles in the head with a rock and cut right smart gash in it. He fell off of his horse but he wasn't out the field more than half an hour when he returned again.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn evening the long roll was beaten in our brigade and Louisiana Brigade and turned out again. Our Brigadier General took the field and commanded our Division. Rodes's Division was waiting on us we went and attacked them and ran them out of their camp, thus ended the 23 of March. It was all nice fun except with Brigadier General Doles some had pick at him and took out of him in that way. I shall cease writing by giving you all my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I came back I received a letter from Mary T. Winebrenner inquiring of me about her husband. I don't know neither her nor her husband and she says the news came from you that I was aquainted with her husband. I wrote to his Captain yesterday about C. Winebrenner and\nas soon as I get an answer from him I will write to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stonewall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 5, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 21 of March last came to hands yesterday from which I was glad to hear that you was well. This leaves me well at present and I hope that when these few lines\nwill come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news of importance to tell you at this time, only that the weather is very bad and disagreable here now. Our brigade just came off pickett yesterday evening.\nEverything is peaceable here now, nothing going on. The officers have been reduced down to same rations as the privates and it is issued to them just the same as it is\nissued to us. Neither are they allowed to buy any from the Commissary department. The company officers are drawing with their companies and to the field officers it is weighed out to them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am sorry to tell you that there is a man in our company just now dying his name is George Harmon. He lives down on Jackson's River. He took sick last Sunday and died (I\nexpect is dead now) this morning. He was a very strong man.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote to Staunton to the priest for another prayer book, and just got it yesterday with two tracts and three cards. Enclosed you will find a tract and a card in this here letter for you. I sort of think that Thomas W. Rose done something with the things that you sended me by him and he just tells me as an excuse that somebody stole them from\nhim. I have a notion to charge him for it but I have a fear that I shall have to take it out in charging.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received a letter, sometime ago, from Mary F. Winebrenner enquiring into the whereabouts of her husband saying that she heard that I knew him, and knew where he\nwas and that I had tole you about knowing him. I am uterly stranger of either Mrs. or Mr. Winebrenner, neither do I recollect of having ever heard such name, but I wrote to his captain about him and haven't yet received any answer about him. He belongs to George's old company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. [Salander] spoke to me about that pistol as I was coming to the army and told him you will take six bushels of corn for it, he said, then, that he hadn't the corn to spare at that time, and I told him that you would wait till the next crop would come, he then said that he would try to raise some. You do as you please with it I think the pistol is worth six bushels of corn and if you can help it don't let him have it for any less.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI will quit writing, by giving you, Mother, Sister, Brother George and family my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Stone Wall Brigade\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 22, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have no news to tell you at present, we are to pack up everything we have today and be ready to march tomorrow morning. It is said we are going on picket and that we are\nto camp some where nearer to our picket lines, but none of us knows where we shall go, all we know is that we will abandon our winter quarters tomorrow morning never\nmore, perhaps, to return to this camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe weather is most beautiful here now and the roads will soon be in marching order and we look for the Spring campaign close at hands. Meantime our troops have been\ncheered up by the victories that our armies have lately achieved in North Carolina and in Transmississippi Department. General Banks have been defeated in the\nTransmississippi Department with the loss of eight thousand men including killed wounded and missing, thirty five pieces of artillery, two hundred wagons. In North\nCarolina they have been defeated with the loss of twenty six hundred prisoners, one Brigadier General and several pieces of Artillery. General Forrest captured Fort Pillow\nand out of seven hundred yankees defending it four hundred negroes, and three hundred whites, he only took one hundred prisoners. The balance were all killed including the comandant of the fort. All these little victories are very encouraging to us and could we only whip Grant it would be very encouraging to us and very discouraging\nto the enemy. I think we will soon have a trial of it, and I am pretty confident that if General Grant comes over the Rapidan River to fight us over here in our breastworks he\nwill get pretty badly whipped.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis here makes the fifth letter that I have written you since I got back from furlough and haven't received but two from you. I have received them things that you sended me by George Gilbert. I think that this year is the last year of the war provide we can whip the enemy next summer. I hope that we will all come home next winter. I am pretty tire of this war by this time but there is no chance for us unless the war stops for we shall all have keep fighting untill the yankees give us up or untill we shall be subjugated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is great revival among the churches in this army. There is at least three times as many more converts in this year than there was last spring. Mr. Gibson is one of them and good many others of our company. John Baker of Covington is to be baptised today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are to cook four days rations this evening. I wish I could give some of my coffee that I have on hands. I have nearly half pound on hands ahead of my regular ration, but we are too far apart for me to give to you. The meat is the most scarse article we are getting and that is only a quarter of a pound per day scarsely enough. But considering the times we are doing very well, we done even better this winter than we did did last. Last winter we drew [best] on ration or two of coffee, and but very little sugar. This winter we drew coffee and sugar regular. They are making out to give us some clothing every once and a while so that there is not much complaining in camp. I myself am afraid that we'll have heap harder time in the way of rations than we ever had yet before this war closes. As soon as we draw any money I shall send you some by the first opportunity. Please write to me as soon as you can. Give my best respects to Mother, Russia, and to all the enquiring friends and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Garibaldi\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. Gibson sends his best respects and he is well. Clarington Gilbert told me to write to you in my letter to tell Russia to write to him.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Dear Miss- \nI received yours of the 24 instant just yesterday evening from which I understand with the greatest pleasure that you was well and also the whole of the family, with the whole of the neighbors around you. This leaves me enjoying a perfect good health as it has been the case always. We have had right merry Christmas, we had plenty to eat such as it was and plenty to drink, pretty near the whole of Holloway's company was drunk. The Captain bought about 10\nor 15 gallons of liquor and gave it to the company, he was right merry himself. The whole of the 27 regiment was almost drunk even the Colonels, they were drunk too.","The last letter I wrote you I told you that we were under marching orders, but we did not know where to and now that we all got back safe, except one killed out of our Regiment, belonging to the Rockbridge Rifles, and another slightly wounded by a shell belonging to the artillery, I can tell you where we have been. We left this camp on Monday morning at three o'clock and reached the Potomac river on the second day after dark, at the dam number five about ten miles above Williamsport, there we remained for four days breaking the dam in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.","The only time that we could work at it was at night in the darkest so as to keep from being shot from the Yankees from the opposite side of the river. They had full view at us in the day time, we had to descend down on the dam from a high precipice of steep rocks while they on the other side they had a small hill, which was in cultivation, to descend to the dam and had a full view at us. We, in the day time, had to march way from there and go out in the countries where we had a full view of then and then march back again in the night after about seven o'clock. We had left our tents about midway between here and the river, therefore we had no tents to sleep in, neither could we make any fire in the night in order to keep from being seen by the enemy, but we [had] good overcoats and blankets enough to keep from freezing.","There was a great large mill just below the dam, and was burn'd up by the shells thrown in there by the enemy on the second night. A company from our regiment called the Rockbridge Rifles was in the mill guarding those that were working on the dam just as the mill was set a fire from the other side they came out and that was when one of them got killed by a bombshell. They had a narrow path to go through where no more than one at a time could pass and the Yankees were throwing balls as fast as they could at the same time. Some of them remained behind rocks all day and came out at night about ten or fifteen remained there\nall day and didn't come out till night. I anxious to see the Yankees crept up behind rocks and remained there hid for about an hour and shot several times at the Yankees. After I got tire to stay there I got up and walked off, and as I was going away from my hidden place I believe\nthere was no less than five or six shot at me but none of them hitted me, it was almost too far off to be killed by a ball although there was several of the Yankees shot we could see them laying on the ground and when they were falling.","There was a constant shooting from each side of the river from morning till night, it was no regular battle only for those that wanted to fight could go and take up a position on this side of the river and fire away as much as they wanted. The general came by one evening and looked very much pleased at the boys and said pitch in boys it is a free fight. We killed a good many Yankees and they only killed one of us. After we succeeded in breaking the dam, we came back to our old camp where we now are. It is believed that we shall leave here and go to Romney to have a fight with the Yankees. This is the general belief, that we will march in a day or two and if we go Romney we shall have a hard fight in driving away the enemy from behind\ntheir fortifications. They are just now taking a list of all the cartridges we have in order to give us a full supply and march us off to Romney. I have a heap more to tell you but I haven't time to do it for we have to go out on a general review. So goodbye. I send you my likeness also. So Goodbye. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Miss Sarah A.V. Poor \nWrite to me as soon as you get this and direct your letter where you did the last one.","Camp Near Winchester Va. \nJanuary 28, 1862","Dear Sir: \nI take this favorable opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same. I received your little box that you send me yesterday, with two pair of gloves, a vest and a pair of socks. I sold the vest for three dollars and a half. I had bought me a vest last Christmas in Winchester and therefore I didn't need it and sold a pair of gloves\nfor one dollar and a half. I kept a pair of gloves and the pair of socks for myself.","We arrived here on the 25 from Romney and don't know how long we shall remain. We were under marching orders this morning but the order was countermanded on account of the weather which was raining very hard this morning. We don't know how long we shall stay here now; we may stay here few days longer. We were going about 4 miles from here to build shanties for the winter. We had a hard march during the whole time. We left Camp Stevenson on the New Years Day early in the morning, and took up our line of march to Bath the county seat of Morgan County.","On the fourth day after our departure, there was a fight expected with the yankees who were 1,400 strong, but there was not much of a fight. Our militia had a little fight with them and there was twenty killed and wounded in our militia. We don't know how many there was killed and wounded on the north side. The volunteers didn't shoot a gun. They didn't even see the yankees. The militia was put in front and we, the volunteers behind, to support them. Our forces consisted of about fourteen thousand, the yankees at the hearing of our approach ran away and did not make any stand. They left behind them two cannons but they spiked them before they left them. They left behind them also the right smart army [sto--], about forty thousand dollars worth. Before we left Bath we destroyed two or three bridges on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and tored up right smart track.","After that we took up our line of march to Romney, but the road was so bad that our wagons couldn't keep up and we had to wait on them for four days at the distance of about 14 miles from Bath, and after our wagons got up we started again and reached Romney on the fourth day. The yankees that were in Romney left also on double quick so that we volunteers had no fight at all except few of our cavalry and the militia. The Yankees in leaving Romeny left behind them about five hundred barrels of crackers, a large quantity of flour, clothing, ammunition, and good many other things from there. After we been there four or five days we took our line of march toward Winchester, which we reached on the third day.","Here we are now camped for two or three days and we may go away tomorrow or after tomorrow but we will not go very far. We are just going three or four miles from here to\nbuild our winter quarters and threr we shall remain for the balance of the winter and have no more marches for this winter. I'll have time to write to you oftner than I did before. The Captain is at home on a furlow and he has all my money. If I had some with me I would send you ten dollars, but the Captain's furlow will soon be out and he'll come back. I will get some money and send it to you.","We had a march of twenty five days. We suffered right smart cold weather during that time, for good many had no tent and they had to lay out on the wet over snow beds and\nsnow falling at the same time. Good many took sick and never will get better. They are dying nine or ten almost every day. There is about three hundred in the hospital\nbelonging to our brigade, the whole of them got sick by the exposure of the weather. Thank goodness I have stood up very well and never got sick yet. I was on every march,\nand did my duty as well as any soldier ever did. I feel very well, only I have a little cough.","Bath is now in posession of our militia and Romney is now protected by about eight thousand volunteers, partly Virginians, South Carolinians, and some from Arkansas. My\ncandle is nearly out and I must quit writing for tonight. So good night Dear Sarah. Good night sleep well. I hope I will see by and by.","January 30","Having some what leisure time this morning to finish my letter, I thought it fit to finish it off and send it to you. We left that Camp in the next morning and marched about six miles to a place where we will remain for the balance of the winter here. We are going to build shanties to live in. As we were going to Romney we passed where the Yankees had been and I saw near all the houses had been burned up by them. The hogs stuck with the bayonet, some shot the cattle, and the sheep were treated like wise. As we were coming from Romney by another road altogether, we met with an equal destruction.","They killed an old shoemaker, and then burned him up in his house. At another place again they killed another man, who had a wife and three or four small children, and\nafterward they set fire to the house driving his wife and children out of the door. The lady tried to go in the house to try to take out some furniture in order to keep it from burning, but they would not let her so that every thing was burned up, with the corpse of her husband. As we were coming by some found some of his bones in pieces and\nthey put them in their pocket as a relic. As soon as that woman saw our brigade coming she began to cry thinking that may be we were yankees.","Dear Miss, I could come home for two months on a furlow by reenlisting for two years longer, for nobody can get any furlow any more unless he reenlist for two years or during the war. But I don't think I will for I have only three months and a half to stay now and then our time will be out, and I don't intend to volunteer any more. I shall belong to the militia myself for I see that the militia don't have so much hard ship to go thru as the volunteers have, and they are getting the same wages and the same kind of rations, and they have more liberty than we. Only the militia has to make the first attack on the enemy, and then the volunteers come in at the last. So I think I'll come and stay at home untill they draft me. Good many have already reenlisted and are gone home on furlow. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and to all of the family also and remain your affectionate lover untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","To Miss Sarah A. W. Poor \nEnclose you will find four envelops with postage stamps on. The name of this Camp is Zollicoffer I think. I haven't quite understood it [quite] well yet but I will tell you the Name of it better some other time. You will please write to me as soon as this comes to hands and direct your letter to \nWinchester Va. Care of Captain L. T. Hollowy. 27th Reg. Va. Vols.","Camp near Bunker Hill, October 24, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few line I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands, may find you enjoying the same blessings. I arrived here yesterday morning safe. We had to walk from Staunton to this place, about one hundred and fifteen miles distant.\nIt is the general opinion of the men and officers that we shall not stay here long, that we shall either advance again into Maryland or retreat back up the Valley on account that we are too far from any railroad branch, and can't get [means] for transportation. There is no yankee of any amount on this side of the Potomac.","I haven't any news to tell you at this time. I haven't been in the camp long enough to learn any. The boys here are as lively as crickets, just as lively as if it was in time of peace, or as if they were at home. There is thirty four men in our compnay fit for duty. Our company makes up\nnear half of the regiment, it is no more than a good company the whole regiment. They nearly all deserted or went home on a French. There is some few sick and wounded but not many. There was only twelve in the Battle of Sharpsburg in Maryland out of our regiment. The balance remained behind, and the most of them never went across the river. Patrick [Hai----], that use to work up on the mountain is dead. He was wounded in the late battle of Manassas in one of his knees and died.","Every thing is quiet here in the Camp. Dear I could not even buy me a sheet of paper in Winchester to write to you. There is none to be bought. The boys are writing on paper that they have captured on the battle field. When ever you write to me you must send me a blank sheet of paper in your letter. The boys say that we shall soon have our pay and if so, I will send you some. Dear I would like to see you, and feel lonesome for you. Give my best respects to mother, Russia, [illegible] and to all the enquiring friends. So nothing more at present but to reamin you affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Allen, Clarke County, VA. \nNovember 2, 1862","Dear Wife \nWith this opportunity I set myself down to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand may find you enjoying the same blessing. I thought I set down this morning to write you these few lines in order to tell you where and how to direct your answers, being that I think I forgot it on my last letter. It is very hard to get paper to write,\nenvelops or postage stamps either. I couldn't a postage stamp in the company and I had to tear a leaf off an old book in order to write you this letter and I am bound to send it without prepayment.","We are soon to have a pay day, and I have about one hundred and fifty dollars of which, if I can get a chance, I want send you one hundred and thirty, and if I don't get chance to send them to you I intend to take a French furlow and fetch them home myself if I can.","I have no news whatever to write to you now. Everything is peacable in the camp, but I don't know how long it will remain so. There has been cannonading heard this morning in the direction of Harpers Ferry, and it is said that the enemy is crossing large force over the Potomac. We don't get chance to see any newspaper at all and have no news to tell you at present. You must write to me as often as you can for I am very glad to hear from you at all times. Dear I am lonesome for you and would like to be with you, but I hope that the Lord will spare my life long enough to come home again and to see peace restored once more in our\ncountry. But there ain't much sign of peace now for I heard the cannons whilst I am writing. The following shall be the dirction with which you shall send me your letter. \nMr. John Garibaldi \n27th Va. Regt. Company C. \nCare of Captain C. L. Haynes \nFirst Brigade \nJackson's Division","Nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. John Garibaldi.","To Sarah A. Garibaldi. Give my best respects to the whole of the family. I haven't been able to see George yet.","Camp Bailor. November 20th 1862","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying the same blessings.","Having somewhat time to spare now and thinking that we are going to have some long march, for we have just received orders to cook a day's ration and be ready to march in the morning by day light, therefore I may not have time to write to you any more for some time. I thought I better write this present in order to let you know that I am well. I have written you three letters and this makes the fourth one and yet I have not received any answer for them and in my last one I have enclosed five dollars and would like to know whether you received them or not.","Please write to me and don't care how often you do write if it is twice a week I'll be very glad to receive them, for nothing will satisfie me but to hear from you. You are the only one that I care for in this world, and I expect that I am the only one that you care for too. Let us not therefore abandon each other, let not distance be the cause of our forgetfulness. Little did we get to stay\ntogether but I hope that, if God wills, we shall reunite ourselves together, again, never to be parted except by death and I hope that we shall never forsake the hour in which we were united together by ties of matrimony, that we shall lead a happy life together and agreeable as\nit becomes two married people. A day is not passing without thinking of the one I left behind.","Dear We were paid out about three weeks ago and I received one hundred and fifty dollars and wish that I could put them in your hands. You said that you'd think yourself rich if you had one hundred dollars in pocket and I wish I could satisfie you to give them to you. To send them\nin a letter I don't like to trust, so that I shall have to wayt an opportunity to send them to you by hands, or untill I come home myself.","Dear I must tell you that I was appointed Sergeant here lately, my pay is now seventeen dollars per month. George Gilbert Was Sergnt himself but was broken on account of his straggling out from the company without permission, as we were marching through Winchester, and stayed away four or five days. David Gilbert was Corporal and was broken\nfrom his office for the same offence. John Hepler is Corporal now in place of David Gilbert himself. There was sever other noncommissioned officers from our company broken for the same offence.","There is some talk about us going back to Camp Zollicoffer where we made our winter quarters last winter, and we will then be stationed in our old shanties that we built last winter. Dear Give my best respects to mother, Russian, Isiah, Sale, and Mary and to all the neighbors. If there is any furlow given this winter I shall get one, for I am entitle to it and come home and stay, and we shall enjoy ourselves ittle more. Dear thre some little talk of peace about the camp, some thinks that next spring will bring peace and we shall all then come home and rejoin our wives once more. Dear I can't get no postage stamps in Winchester. They thought that we were going to evacuate the place and they send them all away so that I can not pay for the letters that I am sending you, but as soon as I can get any I shall commence to pay for the letter. Dear I have no news to tell you now. I shall just end my letter by wishing you all the good that the world can afford you and try to take good care for yourselves so nothing more at present, but remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me as soon as you get this letter and direct your letters all the time to Mr. John Garibaldi, Comapny C., 27th Va. Regt.","Enclose you will find two dollars which you will keep and make use of it as necessity requires you.","To Mrs. Sarah A.V. Garibaldi.","Dear you must write to me at least once a week so good by Dear Wife.","Camp Winder \nJanuary 4, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I hope to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand will find you enjoying the same blessing. I received three letters from you since I have been with the company and have been awaiting the fourth one but I haven't seen it yet. I hastened therefore to write this present one and to tell you to send me one and don't care whether you either write it or buy me one and send it to me so I may get a letter from you.","I have send you sixty seven dollars since I have been in the Company and would like to know whether you received it or not. I have more to send you but would like to know if you got that I send you before I send you any more. I send fifty dollars enclosed in a letter to Mr. Pursinger by Mr. Lamby just few days before Christmas which I hope you shall have received before this time. You now can buy yourself a cow if you see one that suits you and if Mother is going to sell that little colt you can buy it too provide you can keep him.","I do not know when I shall get chance to come home. It may be that I'll be able to come home but I think it very doubtful. There is no chance for any furlow at present and I don't know when there will be any. There is a heap talk of peace now in the north, but I wouldn't put no dependence in them. But after while I think they'll get tire to get whipt and they will then give us up for a bad joke but that may not be for a good while.","I have not much to tell you at this time. I wrote to you day before Christmas and told you all the news I knew then about the battle. I have written to MackPherson, to old man [A---] and to Pursinger several times since the battle. [illegible] soon have another pay day. Dear you must write to me as often as you can and beg to take good care for yourself until I come home and stay with you and I hope that we shall never forget the hour in which we were joined together but that bless the day on which you and I were joined together with the ties of Matrimony. I\nshall quit writing by just remind you to write to me and wish you all the good that the world can afford you and remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah A. V. Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall first Virginia Brigade \nCare of Captain Charles L. Wagner.","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 18, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI received your kind and affectionate letter of the fourth instant from which I understood with pleasure that you and the house hold was all well. I would have written to you sooner, but I was on Picket when I received it and had therefore no chance to answer. We came back last night late and I thought I would answer it today.","I received them two pair of socks that you send me by Lee H.B. Terry which I was very glad to receive and stood in need of. Now the next thing I like you to do by the next opportunity offered it is to send me some black and white thread if you can get it anywhere and some hard soap as we can't get any anywhere.","I have only received four letters from you since I have been with the Company and have heard that you have only received four from me, but if I have written four letters I have written a dozen of them. In one of them I have enclosed five dollars in another two dollars in another ten dollars and in another fifty dollars. I have heard that you have received the five dollars the two dollars and the fifty dollars but don't hear anything about the ten dollars. You will please to write to me and tell whether you have received the ten dollars or not. I would send you some more but I am afraid to send them in a letter. But if Henry Gilliland is coming on a furlow which\nI expect he will do before long I will by him. I have applied for one myself but I don't know whether I will get it yet or not. Perhaps I will get one before the winter is over, but it will only be for fifteen days furlow.","I have no news to tell you at this time but to tell you that this leaves me well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C, 27th Regt. Va. Vols. \nStonewall Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, Jackson's Corps","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nJanuary 27, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written to you week before last in response to the one that you send me by Lee A.B. Terry, for which I haven't yet, received any answer. Dear you must write to me often for I would like to hear from you every week, for I feel lonesome enough and my getting no letter from you makes me more lonesome still; you will please therefore to write to me weekly if you want please me. I have written to you\nabout a douzen of letters and haven't received but four letters yet.","I have some money to send you but I am afraid to risk it in this letter. The next safe opportunity I will get I shall send you sixty dollars again. If you see a cow worth buying you may buy it provide that mother has feed enough to keep her and if she wants to sell her little coult you can buy it too, and give her the price that she would get from anybody else.","Dear I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we all are enjoying as good health as we ever did. We haven't had any snow here yet, the first snow I have seen this winter it was after we had crossed the blue ridge in coming from the valley, and it didn't stay on the ground\ntwenty four hours but we didn't have any snow here yet, on the contrary is warm enough here now, to go on our shirt sleeves, and it has been so all the time for nearly the whole of this month. But we have had right smart rain here in this month and when it wasn't rayning, it was clear and pretty weather, and warm.","We are under marching orders all the time. We are keeping a day's ration cooked ahead all the time and last night was renewed again, we were expecting to march away from here this morning but we are here yet, and it may be that we will stay here yet for weeks, and it may be that we will have to leave here in an hour from now, so that you see we don't know anything about it. It depend altogether upon the movement of the enemy. The prospects are good here for another fight, the yankees are making appearance before Fredericksburg some time but it is not known whether they are in for good or not, although the papers says that they have already crossed the river but it is northern news, and it aint so, for we haven't saw anything of them yet, but it is the general belief among the camp that they will not try to cross here anymore. The troops are removed from here little at time to other fields, and it may be that the next fight will be somewhere else.","You must send me little soap by the next chance you get, (hard soap I mean) we have to pay dollar per pound here and can't get it at that. You will please to send me little thread black and white if you please, provide you can get it. I have nothing more to tell you at present, but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Please direct to Mr. John Garibaldi \nCompany C 27th Regt. Va. Vols., care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nStonewall Paxton's Brigade, Taliaferro's Division, \nnear Fredericksburg.","Let this direction be a permanent one untill I tell you to direct your letters some where else.","Mrs Sarah A.V. Garibaldi \nBy the Politeness of Miss Georgeanne Lockheart","Camp Winder \nFebruary 26, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will reach you may find you enjoying the same blessings. As Henry Gilliland is coming home on a furlough I thought I would send you these few lines although I have written you letter by mail in the begining of this week, and send you another by Lieutenant Clark last week and send you fifty dollars . Whenever you write to me I want you to tell me whether you received it or not the last letter that I received from you was dated the 26 of January. You said that you was going to send me a comfort by somebody but I have one so you need not send it to me.","I have nothing to tell you at this time. I want you to send me some black and white thread and some red peper if you have any. The fifty dollars that I send you by Lieutenant Clark they were enclosed in a letter directed to you and in care of Lee Pursinger. I told him that if he has no time to fetch it to Pursinger himself to leave it with Gilly [J---] or with [McCordy] in Covington and to tell them to give it to Pursinger whenever they get chance. I have nothing more to tell you at present but tell you that I remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To his wife","Give my best respects to mother Sisters and brothers","Camp Winder \nPaxton's Brigade \nMarch 24, 1863","Dear Wife: \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I received your letter, that you send me by Henry Gilliland, from which I understood with sorrow that Isaiah and Sala had departed from this world. I had heard that Isaiah was so sick that it was [un]likely he would recover in one of your last letters, but you thought that Sala would get\nbetter therefore I did not expect that Sala would die. I am very sorry of all that but my sorrow wouldn't prevail anything. You must try to take care of yourself and do the best you can.","I have send you twenty dollars by Mr. [Gordy] when he left here and have never heard anything of it so whenever you write you must let me know something about and also of them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark. I have received some cakes, some thread and some red pepper that you have sended me by Henry Gilliland. You said that you send me some more soap by the next chance you will get but I must tell you that I have plenty soap now and I don't want anything at present, it is likely that we shall march by and by and I want be as light as possible for I expect we shall have hard time yet before the war will be over.","Johnson Boyar send me a cake sugar by Henry Gilliland. I have not much news to tell you now. You will give my best respects to Miss Sarah Johnson and to Mr. Pursinger. You must write to me oftner if you can. I was in hope of getting a furlow but they have stopped giving them now and there is no more chance of my coming home now untill next winter unless we are all discharged and peace made before that time. I could have got one if Mr. Evans had come back as soon as his was out but he stayed about nine days after his time was out and when he came back there was no more furloes to be recommended so I was out of my furlow,\nbut I hope that we will have peace before next winter and we shall all come home and remain for good.","Give my best respects to George and tell him that he must write to me. Give my best respects to Mother and [Russia] L. also and tell them to take good care of themselves. So nothing more at present but to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nWrite as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you use to do","Camp Winder \nMarch 29, 1863","Dear Wife: \nAs we are on the eave of a march and the commencement of the spring campaign I thought it better to write you this letter in order to let you know that I am yet in this camp and well, but every indication seems that we are on the verge of move as we had order to pack up all our extra bagages that we can not carry on our shoulder and send it away to Richmond. The days are getting long and the weather dryer and it shall soon pleasant enough to admit of active movement. I might not have time to write to you as regular as I have done, but you must write to me steadier, and not await to write to me untill you get a letter from me, but just write to me as often as it will be convenient to you. It has been long time since I haven't received a letter from you by mail, don't be too stinger in saving writing paper. This is leaving me well at present except a bad cold and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same good health that you was enjoying when I last saw you.","Although there is a heap of talk about fighting, I think that there wouldn't be as much fighting this summer as there was last summer. There may be a fight or two here and if we whip them I think they give it up provide we don't go to Maryland. But if we go there I think we shall some tall fighting to do. This winter they intended to do active operations with there navy but they have been idle all the winter. The biggest navy ever was witnessed went to threaten Charleston but having arrived to the place of operation they paused and hesitated before the harbor as if they was afraid of attacking it and they have never attacked Charleston yet, and if they don't make an attack within two or three weeks from now I doubt very much whether it ever will be attacked or not, the reason of this is that they have been whipped so often that they are afraid to be whipped again.","The furloughs have been suspended for the present and it is very likely that there will not be any more granted untill next winter, but I hope that by that time we shall have peace and that we shall all come home to stay with our families never to be divided any more unless by death.\nDear you must tell me whether you have received the money that I send you or not. I send you 50 dollars by Lieutenant Clark and when he come home on furlough, and twenty dollars by Mr. McCordy afterward of which I haven't heard anything of it. Dear, if there is anybody administering on Captain Holloway's Estate, you must give that account that I left you to Pursinger and let him make the best of it and get the money if he can.","Dear whenever I come home I will try to fetch you something but I don't know what it will be. If you want anything particular you must write to me about, and if my purse shall contain enough to buy it with I shall be happy to please you, but every thing is so high now that it almost take fortune to buy any thing. At the same time if you may make use of the money that I have send you if you see anything worth buying, and make use of it.","Give my respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson and to all the neighbors around you. To Mr. Pursinger also and keep a [illegible] for yourself, mother Russia and George if this shall come to hand before he shall have gone back to the army and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi \nStill direct you letters as you allways did. So Good by.","Camp Winder \nApril 14, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hand they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written three or four letters since Henry Gilliland come home for which I haven't yet received any answer, neither can I tell the falt that keeps me from getting letters from you. If you are out papers you will please write to me and I will send you a blank sheet every time I write. You will please to write me every week weather you get any letters from me or not, and that is the I am doing too wether I get letters or not I write every week. You will please to tell me whether you have received them fifty dollars that I have send you by Clark or not and the twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. McCordy the next time you write. If I get chance I shall send you some more money during the next month.","Our wages have been increased four dollars per month and at that rate I am getting twenty one dollars per month. That is to comence the first of January, which it will make it sixteen dollars of extra wages due us by the first of May. We shall be paid off again in the begining of\nMay and there will be fifty dollars due me by that time, and if I get chance to send them to you I shall send you some money during next month, for I don't care about keeping much money with me.","Dear We have been expecting to move from here for more than a weak but we haven't moved yet and I can't tell you how long we shall remain here but I don't [think] we shall stay in this camp much longer provide the weather will keep as drie as it does now, at least that is the general opinion among private soldiers and officers. We have been preparing to move for sometime. We have send away our extra bagages for about two weaks, and only kept with us\na blanket an overcoat and a change of clothes. Whenever we shall go on a march the officers shall have to carry their knapsacks on their backs just like we common soldiers. They were drawing knapsacks from the commissary to day to put their clothes in.","Dear I have no news to tell you now of any importance. You must try to take a good care of yourself. Give my best respects to Mother and Russia and to the neighbors and keep a shear {share} for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Still direct your letters to Mr. John Garibaldi, Company C, 27th Va. \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes, Stonewall Brigade, Trimbles' Division \nNear Fredericksburg","April 30, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You will excuse the\npencil writing as I am now in place where ink is too inconvenient to be procured. We are now in the battle field where the cannons are firing over us and I expect that tomorrow we shall have a general engagement.","I received your truly welcome letter of the 19th instant from which I understood that you and mother and Russia and I was very glad to hear from you. I have no news to tell you at present only that we are in the battle field drawn up in line of battle this evening and that the cannons began to roar this evening. How we will come out I am not able to tell you, but I hope that we will be able to whip them. I shall quit writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband until death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to mother Russia Lucinda Bush Sarah Johnson to Mr. and Mrs. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends and keep a shear {share} for yourself. So good by.","May 9, 1863","Dear Wife: \nI take this blessed oppurtunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessing. I have written you a letter the last day of April with a pencil because I had no other way to write it and I hope that you have received it and will write to me every time you get chance.","Dear I must tell you that we have been engaged in a hot battle since I last wrote to you and with the help of God I came out safe but out of about forty of our company that went in to the fight last Sunday there was only about thirty came out safe.","Dear I must tell you that Lee A.B. Terry got wounded in wrist. There was six hundred and fifty odd killed out of our brigade and wounded. Our brigade went into battle twice, and the second time charged over the yankee brest works and ran the yankees away from there. Men fell on both side of me and if it had not been that God was with me I believe I'd fell too. I saw a man at my left hand who was shot in the face and when he fell he grabbed me by the legs and I got loose from him by jurking away from him. I expect he wanted me to help him out of the battle field but it was against my order to do it because there was men detailed for that purpose. In that fight I got me a portfolio full of writing paper and envelops which I needed badly and an oil cloth coat, our boys are now well supplied of oil cloths.","We got in the rear of the yankees saturday and we were fighting nearly all night saturday and all Sunday. We got thirty pieces of artillery. I can't tell you how many small arms but we have got any number of them. There was yankee knapsacks enough left on the ground to supply our whole army. The blankets were laying there in piles and were trampelled over by our men in the mudd. I never saw so much waste of property in my life. The enemy was laying behind their breastworks sunday morning with their\nknapsacks off and blankets and when they saw us coming they ran away leaving every thing behind them.","We are now encamped in the wood here close to Fredericksburg but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed by good many that we shall have another battle before long, but I hope that we shall have some rest now for a while for we have been laying out in battlefields and without tents for nearly ten days and during that time we haven't had a whole night of sleep and been laying all the time under arms. The enemy is now across the river and I don't know how long he shall remain there.","I have giving you some account of the sunday battle but I expect you shall have heard of it before this [letter] will come to hands and perhaps you shall have heard some fuller accounts than I have given you because them around the battle field not actually ingaged generally knows more about the battle than them that were engaged in it. If my\nhead was right for wrighting you some thing about the battle I might perhaps tell you something more but as I don't [feel] enclined on account of their being such noise in it as I heard in the battle field. But if as soon as I get chance I shall write you again and tell you something more about the battle.","Dear I must tell you that {I saw}George Poor before and after the battle and he was well and he came out safe of the battle, and he sends you all his best respects. I hadn't time to speak to him long. I saw him Friday evening before the battle and only had time to shake hands with him. Then I saw him again tuesday after the battle and hadn't time to speak to him long then as we were ordered off again immediately, but he told me he was well, and came out safe of the battle field and he sends you all his best respects. You must write to me soon and direct your letter as you did before.","Mr. John Garibaldi, care of Captain C.L. Haynes \nCompany C 27th Va. Infantry \nStonewall Brigade \nNear Fredericksburg","John R. Hepler sends you all his best respects and he is well. I shall finish off writing by giving you to mother and Russia my best repects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Fredericksburg Va. \nMay 11, 1863","Dear Wife: \nHaving somewhat leisure time to write to you this beautiful monday evening I will seat myself down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter last weak but not knowing whether you received it or not I thought I would write you this present one, as I have chance to send it to Covington by Mr. Lamby.","We have had some very hard time begining from the 29 of last month up to the about the six of May. On the 29th of last month we left our winter quarters on account of the\nenemy having crossed the Rappahannock and marched up to Hamilton's crossing about eight miles distant. There we slept two nights in a wheat field. It rained nearly all\nthe time and we were to lay out and take it. On the first of May, in the morning, having learned that the enemy, or part of it, had crossed higher up the river about thirty miles, and was marching down on the Fredericksburg plank road, aiming to flank the crest of hills surrounding Fredericksburg, our division and some other divisions with it started up the river on the plank road on which the enemy was coming down and slept that {there} on the battle field where the enemy had been repulsed by the advance of our army. The next morning we started again, and mile or two brought us up in front of the enemy. There we halted for about an hour, and afterward left the main road and took a small county road to left, we marched about twelve miles leaving the enemy at our right, and got in the rear in the evening at about two or three o'clock, where the yankees didn't expect us to attack them.","There the fighting commenced. One of our division took the front and drove the enemy for about two or three miles, drove the yankees out of their breastworks but fortunately\nfor us that them breastworks were not made to defend themselves in the rear, but they were made to defend themselves in front where the enemy expected us to attack them, they took several batteries and good many prisoners.","They made several charges on us during Saturday night but they were repulsed all the time and we took that night a whole brigade and their general prisoners. We spended\nthe whole of Saturday night drawn up in line of battle and changing positions. Sunday morning found our Brigade drawn in line of battle in as very thick bushes and small timber at the enemy's right, and at about day light, or may be little after, they commenced cannonading over our head and it looked like that they had commenced early in the morning just for a day's work, but fortunately for us that their balls [and] shells went all over our heads, and none of our Brigade got killed in that place that I have heard.","At about eight o'clock the enemy moved all his infantry forces on our right in order to overpower us and [cut] their way through us and commenced the firing of small arms, and we were then moved to the right where the enemy was presing the most, and there we were engaged twice. The first time we were engaged we lost our Brigadier General,\nand in about 15 minutes we were ordered to fall back and then we fell back behind the breastworks behind which the enemy had been dislodged by our sharpshooters about\nfifteen or twenty minutes before. And while we were thus laying behind them breastworks which were built by the enemy the night previous General Stuart rode by and our Brigade gave them three cheers, and he then told us to advance.","We then went in again and ran the enemy for about a quarter of a mile and ran them out of two lines of entrenchments, but without no little loss, we took several pieces of cannons, some prisoners and several artillery horses. Out of twenty two hundred of our Brigade there was six hundred and twelve killed and wounded, and out of about thirty five out of our company there was nine killed and wounded. Our orderly Sergeant was killed dead on the battle field. His name was William Scanlon. He was an Irishman and a good Soldier who had been through all the war of Mexico and was a very steady soldier. Another one, a little fellow who came as a substitute [illegible] by the name of John Archy was mortally wounded in the head and died two or three days after. William Evans was wounded somewhere above the knee and it is feared that he will not live. Another fellow by the name of Caleb Griffith was wounded in the nexk, but he is going about and there is no danger of him. James H. Forbes was wounded in the arm but it is thought that he will get better. Isaac Reynolds was wounded somewhere in the leg and he is going about. Lee A. B. Terry was wounded in the wrist but he will get better, and I expect that he is come home and he'll tell you the same news I do. Colonel James K. Edmondson of our regiment had his army cut off.","General T. J. Jackson died day before yesterday at about one o'clock in the afternoon. He did not die on account of his wound, he die of the newmony {pneumonia}. He was wounded early on the Saturday night the second of May, it is said by our men. When the enemy was making them charges on us he accidently or some how or other happened to be between our men and the enemy in one of them charges with several other Generals, and they rode toward our lines. At the approach of the enemy and of his musketry and our men hearing such noise through the bushes thought it was the\nenemy's cavalry and they fired into them wounding two Generals and a Colonel.","Yesterday there was an escort of honor of about two hundred and fifty detailed out of our Brigade to accompany General Jackson's corpse to Richmond and I was one among them, but before we could march down to Guinea Station about eight miles distant from our camp, the remains of our General had been removed on the Rail Road and so we were about an hour too late.","We took about ten thousand yankee prisoners, thirty pieces of Artillery and about forty thousand stands of small arms. There is no end to the knapsacks that the enemy left\nbehind him on the battle field, there was knapsacks enough I believe to supply our whole army. They principally full of crackers and they came to play pretty well with us\nas our rations ran out the day before. They had eight days of provisions with them, they had brought not much clothing with them only a change of underclothes, [and] their portofolios full of writing paper and envelops to write letters at home after the battle, and their pen and ink. All that I did get is a portfolio with paper and envelops in it, some yankee postage stamps, some crackers, a pair of clean new drawers, some ink and an oil cloth coat. Our men have now plenty of oil clothes, and fear rain no more. After our men had done picked up all the oil clothes and blankets and overcoats there was any quantity still left on the ground tramped in the mud.","Our whole loss was estimated at eight thousand. The battle is now over for the present and we are now encamped stationary for a while resting but we don't know how long we shall remain here. It is believed that the enemy will try some where else before long and if he did seek refuge across the Rappahannock, it is believed he will make his\nappearance again as balloon has been seen now for two days in succession, viewing this side of the river.","Mr. Lamby is here now and he is now going to start so I will finish my writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death, John\nGaribaldi.","Give my best respects to elder Lee Pursinger and you might let him read this letter just for information sake. Enclosed you will find two or three yankee postage stamps just for you keepsake.","Write to me as soon as you get this and direct your letters as you did before. I saw George Poor after the fight and he wasn't hurt but I hadn't time to speak to him long. He sends you all his best respects. So Good by.","Camp Near Hamilton Station. \nMay 28, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when\nthese few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you three\nletters since the late battle and this makes the fourth for which I haven't yet received any answer. I am awayting for an answer from you almost every day but that answer never came yet. You must write to me often if you are able if it is twice a weak.","We are now encamped here behind Fredericksburg and have been here since the battle but don't know how long we shall yet remain here but I don't think we shall remain here long, for I have heard that Longstreet's forces have had orders to cook three days rations and be ready to march in a moment's warning.","I am sending you this letter by hand as Mr. Raynolds is here now from Alleghany and he is going to start back\ntomorrow. I will give it to him, and I think he is the shorest mail yet. I have no news to write to you at present. You will direct your letter to John Garibaldi\nCo. C., 27th Regt. Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Johnson's Divison.","Just after I had sealed up my letter Mr. Pursinger arrived here just from Alleghany and I thought I would send you this letter by him and twenty five dollars with it. I shall send also by him two neck comforts. Write to me\nsoon and don't wait for letters untill you write because the letters don't come safe. I wrote to you three letters\nhere lately, send them by mail and you haven't received any.","John Hepler is well. Thomas Arrington is well also and he is with the company doing duty. They both send their best respects to you. Give my best respects to Mrs. Sarah Johnson. I received the letter that you sended me by Mr. Pursinger and was glad to learn that you mother and Russia was well. Give them my best respects and keep a good share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs Sarah A.V.P. Garibaldi.","Camp Paxton. \nJune 3, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We have received marching orders today and don't know when I will get chance to write you another. We just cooked three days rations and put them in the haversacks and we are now ready to march at a moments warning. It may be that we'll start this evening, or tonight or wait till tomorrow morning but that we are going to commence an active campaign. It is the belief of every body in the army, and it may be that we will take another trip into Maryland before the summer shall end.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time. I wrote to you by Lee Pursinger and sended you twenty five dollars, and told you all the news I knew. I send home also a dozen of yankee envelops with stamps on it and two comforts which I had [no] use of them with me. You will please to send me little soap next chance you get as we can't get any of it here of any amount. You will please to write to me oftner than you do and direct your letter as you always did. I shall finish my letter by giving you my best respects and also to Mother and Sister Russia and to all my enquiring friends and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","to Sarah Garibaldi","Camp Stephenson, Frederick County, Va. \nJune 16, 1863","I take this blessed opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I will tell you know that I survived another storm and that it pleased God to let me come out unhurt from the battle field. We have now here in the valley about forty thousand men, the corps of Lieutenant General Ewell, and what is the object for taking us here I am not able to tell you. I know that it wasn't necessary to take opposite of forty thousand men here to whip and take seven or eight thousand yankees.","We arrived here in the valley and in the vicinity of Winchester last Saturday and surrounded the town. General Rode's Division went down to Martinsburg to cut off their reinforcement who, upon being attacked by the yankee reinforcement whipped them back and captured all their\nordnance train. Sunday morning we drew closer around Winchester, that is our Division and Early's Division, and toward Sunday evening got our artillery in position and began to bombard their fortifications, but too well fortified to charge on their fortifications but we could have taken them with a heavy loss, so the commander of our corps General Ewell left a gap open thinking that they will try to get out during the night and thus make its escape, and he fell on the right plan. During Sunday night the yankee General spiked all its artillery and left every thing behind them and before they got about four miles from town they were headed our division and they had to fight us on open ground.","The battle commenced before it was clear day and lasted about an hour an half. As the enemy had left all their artillery behind them they had none to fight us with but small arms. They tryed to charge on our battery three times and repulsed each time. Then they commenced retreating and we followed, and they surrendered, five yankee regiments gave to our our brigade and surrendered. They staked arms for us, hung their accoutrements and gave themselves up to us as prisoners of war. Our brigade alone took six of their flag.","There was but few killed and wounded out of our Brigade and them were out skirmishing. None of our company got hurt. Henry Gilliland requested to tell you to tell his family that he is alright, and that he would write in a few days. John R. Hepler also requested me to tell you to\nlet Barny Johnson know that he is well and that he would write to them in a few days. This was the cheapest victory ever was achieved yet without the loss of so many lives.","We feel very much tired out marching from around Fredericksburg to this place, and we are now under marching orders again. We cooked three days rations, and filled up our haversacks with it and we are to be ready to march by eleven o'clock.","I haven't much more to tell you at this time, only that I want you to write to me oftner than you do. Give my best respects to Lee Pursinger and family, to Barny Johnson and family and to Sarah Johnson and family and keep a portion for you, for mother and Sister Russia and Remain your affectionate husband untill death, \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nDirect Your letters to Winchester, Frederick County, Va. \nCo. C. 27th Va. Regt Vols, \nStonewall Brigade \nCare of Captain C.L. Haynes.","Washington County Maryland. July 10, 1863","Dear Wife \nI take this present opportunity to drop you these few lines in order to let you know that I am yet alive, but my health is not very good though I am yet doing duty. I haven't received a letter from you since the seventeenth of May last nor I haven't heard any thing about you. You must write often at least once a week. I haven't written to you now for some time because I hadn't chance but when I had I send you a letter every week.","We crossed the Potomac river on the 18 of June. We have been up nearly to Harrisburg the capitol of Pennsylvania. We then came back and met the enemy at Gettysburg Pennsylvania and fought for three days. We whipt him badly the first day, and it then fell back, took up a strong position and threw entrenchments and repulsed us. We then fell back ourselves and took up a position but the enemy refused to attack us. After staying there a day without being attacked we fell back across the mountains where we are now about thirteen miles from the Potomac.","The river is completely swelled by the heavy rains so that we can't ford it for a week and it is believed that before we will cross the river the enemy will come and attack us and that it will be a very big battle. We have about fifteen thousand yankee prisoners that belongs to our corps besides them of Longstreet, and A.P. Hill's corps to fetch to Virginia. Our loss is pretty heavy. There was thirteen out of our company killed and wounded. Henry Gilliland was killed dead on the field. William Lawson was killed, David and Lee Gilbert were badly wounded, John Hepler was slightly wounded and the Captain and Lieutenant Clark.","I haven't time to write any more because that man is going to start out so nothing more at present but to reamin your affectionate husband untill Death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County, Va. \nJuly 19, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received yours of the 15 of June last few days ago from which I understood with gladness that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","You are complaining in your last letter that I don't write to you but that aint so for when I am in camp I write to you at least every weak. Two or three weeks have passed without writing to you but we were constantly marching in Pennsylvania and Maryland and the mail was right smartly interrupted so that we could neither receive nor send a letter. The last letter I wrote to you was written with the pencil, and it was whilst I was in Maryland.","I saw brother Geroge there and he told me that he had came out of the fight safe and that he was well. He asked me when I had heard from you all, and whether you was [well], and sends his best love to you all. You must try to write me oftner if you can.","I could write to you, now, something about the time we have had in Maryland and Pennsylvania but I think it almost unnecessary as I expect you have heard all about it\nbefore this time. The people of Pennsylvania treated us very kindly but I think it was only from their teeth out. When we went to their houses they gave us plenty to eat of every thing they had. They are living in a very flourishing countries, plenty of good wheat, plenty of the best meadows I ever saw in my life. The generality of the people haven't got more than eighty acres of land and they have it in highest state of cultivation and living like princes almost. They seem to be very much unconcerned\nabout the war, very seldom they see a soldier, and they hardly know what war is, but if the war was to be carried on there as long as it was carried on in Virginia they would learn the effects of it, and perhaps would soon be willing to make peace like we are.","Thomas Arrington sends you all his best respects and he is well. Henry Gilliland was killed in the Gettysburg fight. I shall finish writing by giving you, to Russia and mother\nmy best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill Death, John Garibaldi.","Camp Stone Brigade \nAugust 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nI received your kind and affectionate letters yesterday evening dated July the 11 and 23 which afforded great deal of satisfaction in learning that you was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written you a letter about four or five days ago, which I do not know whether you have or will receive it or not. We don't get half the mail that is send to us. When ever there too much of mail and too troublesome to be distribute it they just destroy it, especially when on a march. So it is very uncertainly, when you write to me, whether I will get the letter or not. The only thing is to keep writing and among so much perhaps we will get hear from each other sometime.","I have no news of any importance to write you at present. We have been encamped for three or four days on the plank road near Orange Court House but I don't know how long we shall remain here. The last camp we left, we started from it at about sundown and marched and marched about nine miles before we stopped, that was the same day that I wrote to you. We started again in the next morning at half after six and came here in the evening. We don't know when shall leave here but we may go at any time.","It is the general belief that the war will be over by next spring and that we shall all come home. I wish I was at home now and be with you for I am getting tire of this war and would like to come home to see you. The weather is very hot here now. I wish I was at home to thrash my wheat but as I can't come you all must try to get it thrashed the best way you can, but I don't expect there will be much to thrash as they all complain that it is all to thin on the ground and I expect that mine is the same way.","Give my best respects to mother and Sister Russia and tell her that I am sorry to hear that she was sick for wanting of a beau, but tell her that she must be patient. Give my respects also to Sarah Johnson, to Mr. Pursinger, to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 14, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. I have written\nto you three or four letters since we crossed the Potomac for which I haven't yet received any answer, only them two that I got from John Tingler and they were no answer to the ones I wrote to you.","We are now encamped about two miles and a half from Orange Courthouse on the plank road, and have been resting for a while , haven't nothing to do yet since we have been\nhere except guard and picket duty and it may be that we will remain here for several weaks yet. There is the best season here we have had for some time. It rains two or\nthree times a weak, and the corn looks better about here now than any corn I have yet seen. We pay one dollar dozen for roasting ears but they are pretty big ones. We received pay for two months three or four days ago, and we will draw two more months in the begining of September.","You will please to send me some socks for the next winter, a pair of woolen gloves and some soap. We have to pay three dollars per pound for soap now. I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are all well, but we don't quite get anything to eat, we sometime buy extra flour and pay at the rate of sixty dollars per barrel. I wish I was at home to sow some more wheat this fall, you must tell me how many bushels of wheat you threshed out of them five bushels that I sowed last fall and how many bushels it took to make a bushel. I have nothing more to tell you at this time only to remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Direct your letters as follow \nMr. John Garibaldi \nCo. C. 27th Regt Va. Inft, Stonewall Brigade, Second army corps, Army of Northern Virginia.","Camp Stonewall Brigade","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myslef down to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying Do.","At this time I have no news of any importance to tell you only that we have hard times and wars coming. Some thinks that we'll have peace before long, but I don't look for any peace during Lincoln administration and, if at the end of his term another president is elected belonging to the same party or he is reelected himself we may look for another four years of war.","I just received your letter of the 31 of July last from which I understand with great pleasure that you and the family was all well. They are commencing to grant furloughs now but they are granting so few that my chance is very poor for that. I hate to apply for one and besides there is some here that they have never been at home since the commencement of the war and I think them are more entitle to a furlough than I am and they will be the first ones to get it, but I am pretty shure that I will get one next winter. At this time they are only granting furloughs to two men out of every hundred, and when these two men will come back there will be but one going home out of the same number. The length of the furlough is only fifteen days. There is one out of our company going home this time. His name is Charles Gilliland and lives with\nMajor Haynes. By next winter the furloughs will be more numerous and of longer time and then, perhaps, I will get chance to come home myself and I have no doubt I will come home sometime next winter.","Thomas Arrington sends his best respects to you and so does the Gilberts. John Hepler was slightly wounded at the battle of Gettysburg and we haven't seen him since. We are looking for him almost every day but he hasn't come yet. It is not known where he is, some says that he never crossed the river and that in Yankeedom yet but now don't know exactly where he is. He was slightly wounded in the arm, and he came from Gettysburg to the banks of the Potomac a distance of about fifty miles by himself and we surely thought he had crossed the river but since that time we heard that he never did.","I have no news to tell you at this time, only that we are camping here about Orange Court House and have been here for about three weeks and likely we will stay here good while longer yet and resting pretty well. There is no prospect of any fighting now, and some thinks that we will have no more fighting here or at least no big fighting and I don't think we will much more fighting here neither except we might have another big fight here and that it will be about the last. Some thinks that there is an armistice now, but unknown to us. I would be glad if this\nwar was to stop so that we might all come and mind our business at home. I think if fighting will setlle this matter there has been fighting enough now, and if fighting wouldn't settle it, there is no use of any more bloodshed, for it is the general belief among the soldiers and in foreign countries that fighting can't settle it.","We have preaching here every day and three times on holy days. Yesterday was a feast day by the command of President Davis and there was a great many assembled around the altar for the purpose of worshipping God, and pray for peace, and there was good many ladies came to our camp to preaching from the neighborhood around here.","We have to pay thirty five cents pound for flour here now, one dollar dozen for ginger cakes and very small at that, dollar a piece for pies, dollar a dozen for apples, dollar a dozen for roasting ears, four dollars per pound for soap. The corn crop here looks very promising, the corn about here is of the best I ever saw and there has been rain enough during this summer about here to keep every thing from suffering. The people about here are just now beginning to plow for wheat, and I begin to think that I ought be at home to plant some myself, but I am afraid there will be no plowing done by me this fall.","Give my best respects to Mr. Lee Pursinger and to all the neighbors around you, to mother and Russia and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband till death \nJohn Garibaldi","Write to me and direct your letter to Mr. John Garibaldi, Co. C., 27th Regt. Va. Vols., Stonewall Brigade, Second Army Corps, ANV.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nAugust 27th, 1863","Dear Wife \nI wrote you a letter last week but not seeing any answer for it I thought I would write you this present one that you may know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings. It was just yesterday that I saw an extract from a Northern paper in the dayly Richmond Sentinel in which John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence were reported as prisoners of war at Fort Delaware. Hepler and Reynolds were both slightly wounded. David Pence never was in the engagement and he must have been picked up straggling out by the yankee cavalry. We all thought that Hepler and Reynolds were both at home untill yesterday evening, when we saw it in the Sentinel.","I haven't much news to tell you only that we are all well in the company. George Tingler was sick for two or three days but he is now getting better. You may look for me at\nhome next winter on furlough. I think I stand a pretty good chance to come next winter. I hope that the war will be over next summer and we will all come home for good.","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and to all the neighbors and keep a share for yourself and for Mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill\ndeath. \nJohn Garibaldi \nTo Mrs. Sarah Garibalda \nSo good by for this time","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 3, 1863","Dear Wife I received your letter of the 8 of August last from which I understood with great pleasure that you and the rest of the family were all well, but sorrow to hear that you had been sick. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are laying here in camp yet doing nothing but guard duty. All the boys are well in general. Thomas M. Arrington's\n[leg] is breaking out again the same one that he got hurt last fall coming home on the cars. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast, and he never spoke a word after he was\nshot, he fell forward and died in an instant. He got killed early in the morning in the first charge, he was left in the field unburied because the yankees fell in possession of the battlefield on the left in which we were fighting. But of course he was burried by the yankees, as it is the rule that the party that falls in possession of the battle field burries the dead.","John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds, and David Pence are prisoners at Fort Delaware. John R. Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded and they were taken\nby the yankee in a raid made on our wagon as they were crossing the south mountain in Pennsylvania coming from Gettysburg. Lee Gilbert is dead, he died in two or three days after he got wounded and David Gilbert got well. The last time we heard from there he was walking about. James A. Rawlins our regimental hospital steward who stayed\nbehind in Pennsylvania with doctor Sayers to take care of our wounded, just lately came through the lines under flag of truce brought the above news about the Gilberts.","You seems to be anxious about my coming home on furlough but there is no chance for me at present. I would like to come home myself but I don't think I'll get chance to come\ntill next winter unless they get to grant the furloughs more numerous than they do now. I think you may look for me next winter.","I saw Brother George about a month ago and he was well at that time. I don't know where he is now, because he was marching at the time I saw him nor does he know where I am now because we have moved the camp since, and I can't get out here to go and hunt for him, for I may have to hunt for several days before I'll find him, and I can't get a pass for that long time to get out of the camp. He told me that he is hardly ever sick and that he enjoys his health in the army as well as when he was out of the army and that he thought he wasn't made to be killed or die in the army. But I will try get a pass for twenty four hours as soon as I can and look for him and will tell him to write\nhome.","You will please tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is with his regiment and he is well. He has been seen by George Gilbert about nine or ten days ago, and by Arrington about two or three days ago, and he was well at that time and with his company. I would go over and see him myself, but they are so strict on us that we can't\nget out of the camp without a pass from our Major General and they wouldn't grant but one pass a day out of each company.","I expect there is soldiers at home all the time on furlough, but there is no soldiers at\nhome now in Alleghany from this army except they have been wounded and unable for duty except one from our company, whose name is Charles Gilliland and lives with Major Haynes and three or four of the Alleghany roughs, who received a furlough for fifteen days. And if there is any others at home besides them that I mentioned they are\nat home on French furlough, that is I am now speaking about this army, but from the army of North Western Virginia they can come home almost any time as they are\nallways in camp and close enough home to go and back in days and they generally keep at a pretty good distance from the enemy, therefore they can come home almost\nas often as they please, because their presence in the army is not so strictly required. But here in this army we have too much fighting and marching to do to be absent from our command and we are therefore kept under strict discipline.","I will finish writing by giving you my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi \nGive my best respects to Mother and Russia and to all the neighbors. So good by.","Stonewall Brigade \nSeptember 25, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of September 11th came to hands last night which afforded untold pleasure in hearing that you and mother and Russia was well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. You told me in your letter that you hadn't received a letter for almost five weeks but that is the postmaster's falt for I haven't let a week pass without writing to you. I haven't received a letter from you for almost four or five weeks neither except the one I received last night.","We have had no peace for a good while. We have been marching about for opposite of ten days. The enemy is in our front and we look for a battle soon. We have been throwing up breastworks a whole night, but I don't expect that it will do us much good for the yankees never did attack us in our fortifications yet. Whenever we fortify in one place they go and attack us in another, in fact they are too smart to attack us wherever we are fortified for they can't whip us out of our fortifications let alone in the fortifications.","I think I will come home next winter on furlough perhaps fifteen days. I don't think there will be any furloughs granted for any longer time than that. I know I am entitled to a furlough next winter, whether I'll get it or not I am not able to tell lyou, but I think I will get one. I would like to come home and see you all but there is no chance at present for me. I saw Geroge several\ntimes and not later than last week and he was well.","I suppose that you would like to know what became of Lee and David Gilbert. Lee is dead from a wound received at Gettysburg. He didn't live but two or three days after he was wounded. David was wounded also in the same battle but he is well now and he is prisoner of war in the North, and he may be exchanged before long. John R. Hepler, Joseph Reynolds and David Pence are at Fort Delaware. John Hepler and Joseph Reynolds were both slightly wounded, but I expect they are both well by this time. We did not know what had become of David Pence at first till here about a month ago, when we saw his name on the paper, saying that he was at Fort Delaware prisoner. He got lost from us the night before the battle and therefore he wasn't engaged. Henry Gilliland was shot in the breast and died instantly. His body was left on the battle field in the hands of the enemy, and to be burried by the enemy.","The health of our men here now is most excellent, we scarcely hear of any sickness at all. I weigh now one hundred and forty seven pounds, and I never did weigh more than a hundred and forty nine in my life. We are getting very scanty rations too. The weather here now is very\ngood. I suppose you have heard of the battles they have had in tennessee where our men whipped the yankees and took about seventy pieces of artillery, and about then thousand prisoners.","I wish this war was over for I am getting tire of soldiering but I don't see any prospect of peace till Lincoln administration lasts and he has yet more than a year to administer the Federal Government, and it lays in his power either to make peace or carry on the war. My time of enlistment will be out next Spring, but I expect to soldier untill the land is blessed with peace, and every body else may as well conclude to do the same or be considered as deserters, for the man that will not be willing to soldier he'll be forced into it. Neither do I expect that anybody will be exempted from the service because he put in substitutes for I believe that they will take in substitutes and all next spring.","I am sorry to hear that Micahel Aritt was taken prisoner for I believe he was trying to soldier as well as he could, although contrary to the will of his father and mother, but he, though against the will of his mother, is not a bushwacker like good many others, and answers to his country's call. I believe that if all of these bushwhackers and deserters would come in to the army we\ncould whip the yankees [thoroughly] and have peace by next winter. For such people as bushwhackers I have no good feeling. I don't care if they were all drowned although they be my best friend and brothers, because I believe they are reason why this war goes on so long.","Thomas M. Arrington and James C. Gilbert are both well, and send their compliments to you all. I shall bring my letter to a close by giving you and mother and Russia my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death.","Stonewall Brigade, twenty miles below Orange Court House \nOctober 6, 1863","Dear Wife \nThough I wrote to you a letter about ten days ago for which I haven't yet received any answer, I will write you another one, and thinking that my letter never came to hands perhaps this will, for I think that not one third of my letters never reach their destiny, because I get just about one letter from you for every three I write to you.","Yours of September the 11 came to hands on the 24 and had just written you day before, and I thought I would wait till I got an answer for the one I had written, but having wayted for nearly two weeks for an answer from you and never seeing any coming I thought I would write to you\nthis present one that you may know that I am well, hoping that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying all the health that you may desire, together with Mother and Sister Russia.","I haven't much news to tell you at this time, only that we are under marching orders, and yesterday evening we had to cook our two days ration and pack up our knap sacks and ready to march at a moment's warning, but we have had such marching orders good many times before since we came across the mountain and never march afterward, so that we don't think that we will march this time. There is the Rapidan River between us and the enemy, a stream not any larger than Pots Creek in some places only it is deeper. We are in sight of each other. There is only about two hundred distance between the pickets and right in sight of each other but they never shoot at each other, but they talk with each other and sometime they exchange papers.","It is supposed that the yankees are taring up the rail road and burning the ties as we could hear all last night a continual jingle of rail road iron, and could see fires all along the rail road and we saw with a glass yesterday, a train of wagons moving entirely from us. There is\ncertainly some movement on hands among them, and if it is so that they are destroying the rail road, they intend to give up these countries, because if they intended stay here they wouldn't certainly be destroying the railroad so necessary for the subsistance of their army.","We saw an extract in our paper taken from some of the Northern papers, which said that the army of the Potomac has told for its self and that there wouldn't be no more fighting on the Potomac, except may be some skirmishing, or cavalry fighting. They reinforcing the South Western army and if they subjugate the South it will be from the South West, they have already found out that they can't whip the South by coming in this way.","I hope that twelve months from now will bring peace. Tell George Kemper that William P. Kemper is well and with his regiment. I think I will get a furlough next winter and come home for a while. You must send me some socks, a pair of woolen gloves, some red pepper if you can by the first opportunity offered. If you can buy me three or four good pair of woolen socks, and a pair of woolen gloves for next Winter and send them to me by as soon as you can I will\nbe very much obliged to you, for we can't draw nothing here except cotton socks.","Give my best respects to Lee A.B. Terry, to Mr. Pursinger, and to all the enquiring friends and keep a share for your self and mother and Russia and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","You must write to me soon and pay for the letters that you write for we don't get any letters unless they are paid for.","Give Mrs. Sara Johnson my best respects. There is some talk about our regiment coming to Western Virginia under General Echols but I don't know how true this is nor when it will be, and perhaps never.","Camp Near Coul Pepper [Culpeper] Courthouse \nOctober 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the six instant came to hands day before yesterday which gave great deal of satisfaction to learn that you and the family were both well. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health.","I saw George yesterday and I see him very often, he is as well as he could be expected. As Mr. Lamby is here now and got chance to send this letter by hand, I thought I would\nwrite to you this present letter and enclose twenty dollars, which you will receive and spend them as you need them. We have got payed off this morning and got thirty four dollars for two months that is for July and August. We shall soon have another pay day for September and October and in that pay we will get our clothing money. I expect I will get opposite of one hundred dollars and will try to send you some of it the next chance I get.","There is some talk of our regiment coming to Western Virginia as soon as we'll get settled here for the Winter. We have been on a march for twelve days, and we expected\nto have a fight with the yankees but they didn't stand their own ground when they heard that we were coming, they ran away during the night. We left our old camp on the other side of the Rapidan River on the eight of this month and in three days march got to Coulpepper [Culpeper] Courthouse where the yankees had fixed themsleves nice\ncomfortable winter quarters, and stopped about five miles from the place to cook rations and be ready for the fight the next day, but the enemy having heard of it made\nhis escape at two o'clock in the morning. They even didn't have time to gather up their blankets and shoes but they were rushed out and crossed the Rappahannock River that\nnight. We took after them the next day and after two day's march overtook them again at this side Manassas Junction late in evening.","General A.P. Hill cut off their line of march in two in that case. We lost about one hundred and fifty killed and wounded but it was through bad management of General\nHeath or Hill that we lost so many killed. One North Carolina Brigade did pretty much all the fighting and they were badly whipped just for not having any support close at hand. The yankees had three Brigades engaged and about twenty cannons and we only one brigade and six pieces of cannons, but after reinforcement came up we took possession of the road they were marching on and cut off good many, but being nearly night and not having time to fight them, they got away and made their escape. We were all disapointed because we expected the yanks would make a stand some where but they kept going and when we'd catch up with them in evening they would get away during the night and have two or three hours os start on us, they done that twice, the cavalry done all the fighting in this trip.","We have got about two or three thousand prisoners on this trip principally stragglers who couldn't keep up and the balance cavalry. We are now returned on this side of the\nRappahannock, after having broken up all the rail road from Manassas to the Rappahannock and burned all the ties, we expect to go now in a regular camp, where we may remain till next Spring unmolested. The yankees have been whipped often enough here in Virginia to come here again to fight us, it is believed by northern editors that the army of the Potomac has fought her last battle, and that it is useless to fight any longer here in Virginia so that the war will be removed from here to Tennessee and Kintucky and we shall have some fine time here. They have lately been whipped in Tennessee also and I believe that before twelve months these hostilities shall cease and they will let us depart in peace. It is said that Generals Heath and A.P. Hill are both under arrest for having thus managed the fight willfully bad. If the thing had went on right, we could have got a big fight out of them, whipped them bad and got nearly all their wagons and commissaries and a large quantity of prisoners, because their army is\nnow composed almost all of substitutes and conscripts and they don't care whether they fight or not, because they were forced in to it.","I shall finish writing by giving you my best respects and Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best Respects to Miss Russia and Mother to Mrs. Sarah Johnson to Mr. Pursinger and to all the enquiring friends. Enclosed you will find twenty dollars. Excuse\nmy bad writing because I wrote in the hurry because Mr. Lamby might start before I get letter written.","Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 1, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I come to let you know that I am well at present and hope when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","We are now and have been drawn up in line of battle for several days and a battle is looked for any time. Our Division had a fight day before yesterday in which we lost\nabout four hundred killed wounded and missing and I had the luck of coming out safe. I haven't time to give you much news at present as we are drawn up in line of battle\nthrowing up breastworks and expecting an attack at any time so I shall close up my letter by giving you and the family my best respects and will reamin your affectionate\nhusband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","George Gilbert got wounded day before yesterday on his league [leg] but there was no bone broken in his leg. He was the only one hurt in our company. You will excuse the\npencil writing because I could get no ink to write with here. Write to me as soon as you get this and let me know how you are getting along.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 4, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful Sabath morning in order to inform you that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they\nmay find you enjoying the same blessings. I have no particular news to tell you at this time. We are laying in camp here about seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse where we expect to stay for the winter provide the yankees don't make no new movements. They were offered battle about two\nweeks ago but they began to run so fast that we couldn't hardly keep up to them and when we did overtook them it was late in the evening and they got away during the\nnight, so we don't expect that we'll have any more fighting in the part of the army till next spring.","I hope that I will get a furlough sometime next winter but I am not certain of it. There is good many ahead of me and they will certainly get a furlough before I will but I think that the furloughs will be granted more numerous, and thus I will be able to get one myself.","Tell George Kemper that Billy Kemper is not now with his regiment, he was send away from here sometime in September, he has received a sick furlough home and has never returned yet. Tell him that when he writes to him just to direct his letters thus, Mr. William P. Kemper, Co. C, 42 Reg. Va. Vols, Johnson's Division, Second Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia. I allways thought that Mr. Kemper was with his regiment untill the other day when I went to look for him. I don't know him when I see him.","I send you twenty dollars in the last letter that I send you and when you write to me I want you to tell me whether you have received or not. The letter was directed to you and in the care of Mr. Lee Pursinger and sended it by Mr. Lamby and as the gentlemen has been to Alleghany and back again here now I will send you this present one the same\nway and by the same gentleman. You must write to me soon and tell me how you are getting along.","We will soon have another payday and will send you some more money. I can't send anything except money, there is nothing that I can buy to send you, except to send you\nlittle money every once an while. You must try to get along the best way I can. Give my best repects to Mother and Sister Russia, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, to Mr. and Mrs.\nPursinger and keep a share for yourself and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi.","Camp Near Orange Court House \nNovember 15, 1863","Dear Wife \nYours of the 25 of the last month came to hands three or four days ago from which I derived the welcomed information that you and the family and neighbors in general were all enjoying the same state of health in which I have always wished you all remain. This leaves me well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you all enjoying the same.","You haven't wrote to me about them twenty dollars that I have sended you by Mr. Lamby but I supposed that when you wrote to me this letter you hadn't yet received them, but I hope that you have got them before this time and when you will write to me you will tell me whether you have receive them or not. Besides the money I have sended you two religious newspapers in which you will find a heap of good reading and no doubt you will pass off a good deal of your lonesome time and profit you very much.","I have no news to write to you at this time. We have had severall movements but no fighting of any consequence yet. We are now again camped this side of the Rapidan. The yankees make good many demonstrations but I don't think they have intention to fight, they only want make us believe that they are going to fight us in order to keep us from reinforcing General Bragg. It is the general belief that there will be no more fight here till next spring.","We get very scanty rations now. Since I commenced writing this letter we had orders to cook two days rations and be ready to march at moments warning. There was a heavy\ncannonading down the Rapidan this morning and it may be that we will have a general engagement soon. We have just now receive orders to move at once. So nothing more at present but to Remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nNovember 21, 1863","Dear Wife \nWith these few lines I wish to let you know that yours of the 9th instant came duly to hands last night which afforded me great deal of satisfaction in hearing that you was well with the balance of the family. I don't feel very well today but am still doing duty and I don't think it will amount to very much, and will soon get better, for it is nothing but head ache and pains about my back. But I hope that when these few lines will come to hands they will find you enjoying better health than I do at present.","Dear I must tell you that I have no news of any importance to write to you at present, they keep us moving about right smart, for we hardly stay two or three days stationary at place before we move again, but it looks very much that there will not be no more fighting in this part of the country till next spring. Whenever you write to me you must tell me all that you know about the yankees, for I understood that they have been again in Alleghany. I am very sorry that you couldn't get any wheat sowed, and I wish that I was at home to sow some for you but I am afraid that it will be some time yet, before I'll\nget chance to come home. I hope though that I will get chance to come home next winter.","I must tell now that there was sent here from Staunton a whole lot of clothes especially for the brigade, and that we all had chance to draw anything we want in the way of\nshoes, drawers, shirts, pants, and jackets. I drew a very good jacket and pants and shirts and drawer, this was far the best clothing for winter we drew for long time so that\nwe are all of this brigade supplied of good warm clothing. I shall quit writing for this time by giving you my best respects and also to mother and Russia and will remain\nyour affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Dear I must tell you that Thomas W. Rose is sick and was send away to the hospital about two weeks ago. I haven't seen George for sometime now. If you have any chance\nyou can let Thomas W. Rose people know that he is not now with the company and that they not send letters here to him for Captain Clark has three or four of his letters and\ndon't know what hospital to send them. We have had no snow here yet it is raining here today. We have had some very warm days for this [time] of the year.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 5, 1863","Dear Wife \nI have written you a letter a few days ago but not having wrote to you all that I should have written I come to write to you this present one in order to let you know that I am well at present and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same sort of blessings.","When I wrote to you the last time I should have told you that George Poor got wounded in the shoulder on the 27 of November last by a minie ball. It was a bad wound but not\nmortal. I just now found it out and did not know anything about his being wounded, a man in our company just went over today to George's company to see some of his\nrelations, and brought me the news when he came back that George was wounded. He is now in some hospital but don't know where and will write to you where he is as soon\nas I find it out, but it may be some time before I do find out where he is.","I have no news to tell you at this time only that we are laying still in camp. All the Yankees went back across the river without much fighting. They found out that they\ncouldn't whip us and they went back over the river. It may be that they will not come back any more untill next spring provide the winter sets in soon but if the weather\nremains good.","George Tingler is sick, took sick last night just like he did last fall with a pain on his left side. The doctor applied a muster plaster to it and the pain disappeared but he is not well yet although he is a heap better than he was last night. Thomas W. Rose is sick in General Hospital number 2 Lynchburg, Virginia.","If you get chance to send me anything you will please to send me one of the comforts that I send home last spring but if the winter be about over before you get chance to\nsend it you need not mind it but you can send me some socks any time you get chance because I haven't a pair to my foot now and there is no chance to draw any from the\ngovernment. As it is getting dark and haven't time to write any more I shall wind up my letter by giving my best respects onto all the family and neighbors and will remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Mr. Pursinger and Terry.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nDecember 16, 1863","Dear Wife \nIt is with great pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful day to write you these few lines in order to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. I have written you several letters for which I have not yet received any answer. I hope that you will not put it off writing when you get this letter.","I have no news to tell you of any importance at this time only that we are laying still in camp doing nothing. I suppose you have heard that George Gilbert was wounded in the battle of Germana Ford on the 27 of November last in one of his legs only a flesh wound but it was a pretty bad one. I have written you in one of my previous letters that George Poor was wounded on the same day pretty bad but not mortally. They were both send out to the hospital but don't know where. George Tingler is getting better and he is now near just about as well as ever. Thomas W. Rose was send to the hospital sick little better than a month ago and he is in Lynchburg, Virginia General hospital number two.","You will please to try to get me some socks, some red pepper, some soap and send them to me by the next opportunity offered. You will please to send me also one of them comforts that I send home last Spring by Lee Persinger and my Catholic prayer book as soon as you can. We will draw our pay in two or three weeks from now and will send you some money by the next chance I'll get.","I do not know what time I will get chance to come home this winter there is good many before me to get furloughs yet and they are letting might few to go home at time now\nonly one out every fifty is allowed to go home at time but I hope that after while they will grant them more numerous and will then have chance myself to get one.","I will finish my letter by giving you mother and Sister my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Give my best respects to Lee Persinger and Terry and to all the neibors. So good by.","Camp 27th Va Regiment Near Orange Court House \nJanuary 9, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 4 instant came duly at hands last night which afforded great deel of pleasure in hearing that you and the family were all well. This leaves me well at present\nand hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same state of health. Dear I have no news of any importance to tell you at present, only that we are all in pretty comfortable winter quarters and doing nothing but guard, and picket duty. Our ration of meat has been reduced to a quarter of a pound of bacon per day, or three quarters of a pound of beef, but they are giving us lard in place of it. Besides we draw sugar, rice, coffee, and dried fruit pretty often. Our flour rations is eighteen ounces per day yet, and very likely to be so for the winter. Myself and Mr. Gibson have a shanty of our own that we built, and sleep together. He is cooking for the preacher, the doctor, the adjutant, and the Regimental stewart, and they are paying him extra wages, and we get plenty to eat.","I don't want you to send me anything by mail except letters, for it is so uncertain, if you want send me anything send it to me by hands or don't send it at all and I'll try to do without it, rather than to [lose, have]. I am entirely bare footed but I think I'll get shoes today or tomorrow, but as for socks there [none] to be drawn and haven't had a pair on me for two months. The winter is going along pretty well and after while it will be warm enough to go without socks, I hope, but if I had couple pairs now, and one of my comforts, I would be very glad. Whenever you get chance, to send it by hands, I want\nyou to send me my Catholic prayer book, a pair of socks or two provide you can get them, and my comfort.","I wish I could come home on a furlough but I expect it will be way late in the winter or Spring before I'll get one, but my turn will come sometime, and you may look for me at home sometime this winter or next Spring. I would like to know how you all are getting along for something to eat, you all have no chance to make money to buy flour because it is so high, and there is nobody at home, to do any thing for you all so that I am afraid that either you are, or will have to suffer. I can not help you much, because my wages are only seventeen dollars per month. However there is about one hundred dollars coming to me next pay day, which is now due, of which I shall try to send you fifty, next opportunity I'll meet. You must try to get along the best way you can, for I cannot help you much and I'll come home as soon as I can.","Next Spring my term of service of three years will be over, but I expect that we will, all, have to stay in, for during the war, and there will be no men discharged from the service at all, except them unfit for duty, but if they, next Spring, give us chance to reinlist and join any command we please, I have concluded to come West. It seems to me that the war is going to be a long one.","The weather is very fine here today, we haven't had but two little snows, it snowed night before last about two inches deept but it is going away very fast. The ground is frost here very deep. You must give my best respects to George [Roore], George Gilbert, Thomas W. Rose, Lee H. B. Terry, to Mother, Sister Russia, to all the neighbors and\nkeep a share for yourself, and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill Death \nJohn Garibaldi","Mr. Gibson sends you his best respects and he is [well]. Mr Arington sends you his best repsects and he is well also, the boys are generally well. There is but very little sickness in the army. \nSo good by \nMr. Gibson sends you a tract for you read.","Camp Stonewall \nMarch 8, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this morning to let you know that I arrived here last friday night safe at camp. Our brigade had been on picket for about thirteen\ndays on account of them yankee raids in our rear and the balance of our division been out on a march toward Chancellorsville, they came to camp again last sunday and they relieved us yesterday. All our troops have returned to camp and settled down again, it was nothing but a yankee raid trying to take Richmond and burn it relieve the yankee prisoners and hang Jeferson Davis, but they failed in all that. General Dalgreen was killed and his party dispersed. General Killpatrick made his escape in Butler's line. He was in full command of the Yankee raiding cavalry.","Mr. Gibson started out on his furlough yesterday morning and he will get home tonight. I am now cooking in his place for the doctor and the preacher untill he'll come back. I am sorry to tell you that Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack at Millboro with everything that he had in it my things and his things both, he said he laid his knapsack on his boxes on the platform and hadn't left it no more than ten minutes when somebody stole it from him. He says that he thinks it was some of the provost guard at that place. Whenever you get chance you will please to send me another pair socks. I want neither gloves nor comfort any more this winter and if I had another pair of socks I could make out for this winter. Lee A.B. Terry is not in camp now he was send off sick sometime before I got here and don't know where he is. You must try to write to me as soon as you get this so I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nMarch 24, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is a pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well and hope that when these few lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I wrote you a letter on the tenth of this month for which I haven't yet received any answer. Thomas W. Rose lost his knapsack in coming to the army and everything it contained. He said that of the provost guard stole it from him at Millboro so that he lost everything that you had\ngiven him to fetch me.","The snow fell about a foot deep here day before yesterday however the weather is very nice now. There was great snowbowling yesterday. It first commenced between the 27th and 33d Regiment and after about an hour of snow bowling the 4th regiment took our part and reinforced us, and the 2d Regiment reinforced the 33d, in about an hour afterward the fifth Regiment reinforced the 4 and 27th and snowbowled the 2d and 33d out of their camp. Afterward the whole brigade joined together again and attacked Rodes Division. Some of the 4th Brigade Louisianians and some of the 33d Brigade of our Division joined our Brigade. Rodes division turned out and ran our fellows into camp. Brigadier General Doles was commanding Rodes Divison. We had no generals ingaged on our side except some colonels\ntook part in the fun. Some rascal or other nocked General Doles in the head with a rock and cut right smart gash in it. He fell off of his horse but he wasn't out the field more than half an hour when he returned again.","In evening the long roll was beaten in our brigade and Louisiana Brigade and turned out again. Our Brigadier General took the field and commanded our Division. Rodes's Division was waiting on us we went and attacked them and ran them out of their camp, thus ended the 23 of March. It was all nice fun except with Brigadier General Doles some had pick at him and took out of him in that way. I shall cease writing by giving you all my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","Since I came back I received a letter from Mary T. Winebrenner inquiring of me about her husband. I don't know neither her nor her husband and she says the news came from you that I was aquainted with her husband. I wrote to his Captain yesterday about C. Winebrenner and\nas soon as I get an answer from him I will write to her.","Camp Stonewall Brigade \nApril 5, 1864","Dear Wife \nYours of the 21 of March last came to hands yesterday from which I was glad to hear that you was well. This leaves me well at present and I hope that when these few lines\nwill come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news of importance to tell you at this time, only that the weather is very bad and disagreable here now. Our brigade just came off pickett yesterday evening.\nEverything is peaceable here now, nothing going on. The officers have been reduced down to same rations as the privates and it is issued to them just the same as it is\nissued to us. Neither are they allowed to buy any from the Commissary department. The company officers are drawing with their companies and to the field officers it is weighed out to them.","I am sorry to tell you that there is a man in our company just now dying his name is George Harmon. He lives down on Jackson's River. He took sick last Sunday and died (I\nexpect is dead now) this morning. He was a very strong man.","I wrote to Staunton to the priest for another prayer book, and just got it yesterday with two tracts and three cards. Enclosed you will find a tract and a card in this here letter for you. I sort of think that Thomas W. Rose done something with the things that you sended me by him and he just tells me as an excuse that somebody stole them from\nhim. I have a notion to charge him for it but I have a fear that I shall have to take it out in charging.","I received a letter, sometime ago, from Mary F. Winebrenner enquiring into the whereabouts of her husband saying that she heard that I knew him, and knew where he\nwas and that I had tole you about knowing him. I am uterly stranger of either Mrs. or Mr. Winebrenner, neither do I recollect of having ever heard such name, but I wrote to his captain about him and haven't yet received any answer about him. He belongs to George's old company.","Mr. [Salander] spoke to me about that pistol as I was coming to the army and told him you will take six bushels of corn for it, he said, then, that he hadn't the corn to spare at that time, and I told him that you would wait till the next crop would come, he then said that he would try to raise some. You do as you please with it I think the pistol is worth six bushels of corn and if you can help it don't let him have it for any less.","I will quit writing, by giving you, Mother, Sister, Brother George and family my best respects and remain your affectionate husband untill death \nJohn Garibaldi","Camp Stone Wall Brigade \nApril 22, 1864","Dear Wife \nIt is with pleasure that I seat myself down this beautiful morning to let you know that I am well at this time and hope that when these lines will come to hands they may find you enjoying the same blessings.","I have no news to tell you at present, we are to pack up everything we have today and be ready to march tomorrow morning. It is said we are going on picket and that we are\nto camp some where nearer to our picket lines, but none of us knows where we shall go, all we know is that we will abandon our winter quarters tomorrow morning never\nmore, perhaps, to return to this camp.","The weather is most beautiful here now and the roads will soon be in marching order and we look for the Spring campaign close at hands. Meantime our troops have been\ncheered up by the victories that our armies have lately achieved in North Carolina and in Transmississippi Department. General Banks have been defeated in the\nTransmississippi Department with the loss of eight thousand men including killed wounded and missing, thirty five pieces of artillery, two hundred wagons. In North\nCarolina they have been defeated with the loss of twenty six hundred prisoners, one Brigadier General and several pieces of Artillery. General Forrest captured Fort Pillow\nand out of seven hundred yankees defending it four hundred negroes, and three hundred whites, he only took one hundred prisoners. The balance were all killed including the comandant of the fort. All these little victories are very encouraging to us and could we only whip Grant it would be very encouraging to us and very discouraging\nto the enemy. I think we will soon have a trial of it, and I am pretty confident that if General Grant comes over the Rapidan River to fight us over here in our breastworks he\nwill get pretty badly whipped.","This here makes the fifth letter that I have written you since I got back from furlough and haven't received but two from you. I have received them things that you sended me by George Gilbert. I think that this year is the last year of the war provide we can whip the enemy next summer. I hope that we will all come home next winter. I am pretty tire of this war by this time but there is no chance for us unless the war stops for we shall all have keep fighting untill the yankees give us up or untill we shall be subjugated.","There is great revival among the churches in this army. There is at least three times as many more converts in this year than there was last spring. Mr. Gibson is one of them and good many others of our company. John Baker of Covington is to be baptised today.","We are to cook four days rations this evening. I wish I could give some of my coffee that I have on hands. I have nearly half pound on hands ahead of my regular ration, but we are too far apart for me to give to you. The meat is the most scarse article we are getting and that is only a quarter of a pound per day scarsely enough. But considering the times we are doing very well, we done even better this winter than we did did last. Last winter we drew [best] on ration or two of coffee, and but very little sugar. This winter we drew coffee and sugar regular. They are making out to give us some clothing every once and a while so that there is not much complaining in camp. I myself am afraid that we'll have heap harder time in the way of rations than we ever had yet before this war closes. As soon as we draw any money I shall send you some by the first opportunity. Please write to me as soon as you can. Give my best respects to Mother, Russia, and to all the enquiring friends and I'll remain your affectionate husband untill death. \nJohn Garibaldi","To Mrs. Sarah Garibalda","Mr. Gibson sends his best respects and he is well. Clarington Gilbert told me to write to you in my letter to tell Russia to write to him."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Garibaldi Papers, MS 0284, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Garibaldi Papers, MS 0284, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCamp life\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily news\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include one letter (dated 1863) from William H. McPherson to Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) and three letters from Garibaldi to his daughter (dated 1904) written in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stevenson,\" Virginia. Letter regards Chirstmas celebrations, and the breaking of a dam \"in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten near Winchester, Virginia. Letter concerns the Romney Campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Bunker Hill,\" West Virginia. Letter regards life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Allen, Clarke County,\" Virginia. Letter regards camp life, payday, and rumors of enemy movements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Bailor.\" Letter regards orders to prepare to march and general family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards finances and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money sent by mail and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter mentions that unit is under marching orders and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter concerns sending of money and supplies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money, supplies,\nand family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter vocies that the spring campaign will begin soon and furloughs are suspended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards an increase in wages and that the unit is preparing to move.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter voices that the unit is drawn up in line of battle and is expecting a fight tomorrow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten \"near Fredericksburg,\" Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Hamilton Station.\" Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Paxton.\" Letter voices that the unit has received marching orders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stephenson, Frederick County,\" Virginia. Letter regards the a battle in Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Washington County, Maryland. Letter regards the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County,\" Virginia. Letter comments on the kindness of people in Pennsylvania and wealth of countryside there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards difficulty in receiving mail and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp \"Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards news of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and reports news about various other soldiers who were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards troop movements, news of other soldiers, and remarks that the unit constructing breastworks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten \"twenty miles below Orange Court House,\" Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Letter reports various engagements with the Union and prisoners taken.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter reports that the unit is drawn up in line of battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse,\" Virginia. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards troop movements and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards life in camp and reports on wounded soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp, including a snowball fight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Civil War news and life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree letters sent from John Garibaldi to his daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the Civil War papers of John Garibaldi. The bulk of the collection consists of 38 letters (dated 1861-1864) written by Garibaldi to his wife Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) during his service in the Confederate Army (27th Virginia Infantry Regiment). Primary topics include:\n Camp life The hardships of war for both soldiers and civilians Battles and skirmishes, including Chancellorsville (Virginia) and Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) Other members of the 27th Virginia Infantry Regiment Family news \nThe letter dated May 11, 1863 discusses the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","The papers also include one letter (dated 1863) from William H. McPherson to Sarah Garibaldi (Poor) and three letters from Garibaldi to his daughter (dated 1904) written in 1904.","Written from \"Camp Stevenson,\" Virginia. Letter regards Chirstmas celebrations, and the breaking of a dam \"in order to dry the water in the Ohio and Chesapeake canal so as to prevent provisions being carried into Washington by that road.\"","Written near Winchester, Virginia. Letter concerns the Romney Campaign.","Written from \"Camp near Bunker Hill,\" West Virginia. Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Allen, Clarke County,\" Virginia. Letter regards camp life, payday, and rumors of enemy movements.","Written from \"Camp Bailor.\" Letter regards orders to prepare to march and general family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards finances and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money sent by mail and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter mentions that unit is under marching orders and general news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter concerns sending of money and supplies.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards money, supplies,\nand family news.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter vocies that the spring campaign will begin soon and furloughs are suspended.","Written from \"Camp Winder.\" Letter regards an increase in wages and that the unit is preparing to move.","Letter voices that the unit is drawn up in line of battle and is expecting a fight tomorrow.","Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia.","Written \"near Fredericksburg,\" Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia and the death of General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from \"Camp near Hamilton Station.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from \"Camp Paxton.\" Letter voices that the unit has received marching orders.","Written from \"Camp Stephenson, Frederick County,\" Virginia. Letter regards the a battle in Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Washington County, Maryland. Letter regards the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.","Written from \"Camp Near Darksville, Berkeley County,\" Virginia. Letter comments on the kindness of people in Pennsylvania and wealth of countryside there.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards difficulty in receiving mail and general news.","Written from Camp \"Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and general news.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards news of prisoners.","Written from \"Camp Stonewall Brigade.\" Letter regards life in camp and reports news about various other soldiers who were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner.","Letter regards troop movements, news of other soldiers, and remarks that the unit constructing breastworks.","Written \"twenty miles below Orange Court House,\" Virginia. Letter regards troop movements and general news.","Written from Culpeper Court House, Virginia. Letter reports various engagements with the Union and prisoners taken.","Letter reports that the unit is drawn up in line of battle.","Written from \"seven miles east of the Rappahannock and\nabout five miles west of Culpeper Courthouse,\" Virginia. Letter regards general news.","Written from near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards troop movements and life in camp.","Letter regards life in camp and reports on wounded soldiers.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Written near Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards general news and life in camp, including a snowball fight.","Letter regards general news and life in camp.","Letter regards Civil War news and life in camp.","Three letters sent from John Garibaldi to his daughter.","Civil War envelopes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. 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Welsh was killed later that year."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Welsh was killed later that year."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_31a4e6ddbe850d8a357b8e3a623b6eb1\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Welsh, John P., ?-1863","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Welsh, John P., ?-1863","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Preston papers","Journal photocopy and transcription","Photocopy of the original journal and typescript transcription.","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Virginia -- Craney Island","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 9th","Diaries","English","The original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284).","Copy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.","The journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  "],"title_filing_ssi":"Journal photocopy and transcription","title_ssm":["Journal photocopy and transcription"],"title_tesim":["Journal photocopy and transcription"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Journal photocopy and transcription"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["John T. L. 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Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 9th","Diaries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284).\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Copy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.","The journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  "],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:56.008Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_322.xml","title_ssm":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"title_tesim":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0240","/repositories/3/resources/322"],"text":["MS.0240","/repositories/3/resources/322","John T. L. Preston papers","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","Account Books","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Certificates","Financial records","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","A portion of the John T. L. Preston papers are avaliable \n  online .","John Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890) was one of the founders of VMI. He served at VMI as a member of the first Board of Visitors (1839) and as a Professor of Modern Languages from 1839 to 1875. During the Civil War he was on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.","Lexington April 28, 1863","Dr General, \nAccording to your direction I have purchased for you $2700 of 8 prct [percent] Confed. Bonds. This leaves a small balance to your credit. The bonds are deposited in the Bank of Rockbridge.","Our tannery has been very prosperous. I have not deemed it necessary to write to you about it hitherto. But now I have to say that the concern will be ready to pay over to you in a few weeks, as your share of the profits from ten to fifteen thousand dollars ($10,000 - 15,000). We have on hand a contract for tanning from the Government which will not be as profitable as our operations heretofore have been but it will be remunerative and [left edge] Maggie sends her love at the same time safe. If I can be of any service to you in investing your money let me know. I was informed at the VMI that there was a balance of $50 against you on the Treasurer's Book. I told the Supt. that I would settle it out of your funds. Maggie wrote lately to Mrs. Jackson something about your house. I cannot recollect any other business items.","I expect to leave home, day after tomorrow for the Gen. Assembly at Columbia. I go with the earnest wish and prayer that this the supreme council of our branch of the church may under the guidance of the Holy Spirit be able to devise something which will be operative in impregnating the institutions of our very nation with the spirit of vital Christianity. I cannot myself think of any new mode of attempting this. We have in operation all the agencies prescribed in the Gospel and if these are used in the spirit of the Gospel they will prove sufficient. But the real battle of the Church will begin when the national struggle is closed and Peace opens the flood gates through which will flow upon society the stream of evils generated by War. Profanity, Sabbath breaking, intemperance, idleness, lawlessness and general looseness of morals may be expected partly as the reactive influence of the scenes through which the entire youthful population of the land have been called to pass. Against all this the church must lift up her banners if would maintain her own. But instead of merely maintaining her own she does not make the reorganization of things the occasion of assuming an advanced position, will she be guiltless.\nDr. Palmer has replied to Dr. White who had communicated [illegible] about supplying the army with religious service. He does not express any very decided convictions upon the subject and looks to some action by the Gen. Assb. I trust it is a good Providence that has given to your corps Mr. Lacy.  Remember me warmly to him.","If you can make any suggestions touching church matters, write to me at Columbia Pres. Gen. Assembly. On business at Lex. If you wish anything done before I return Gilham or Fuller will attend to it for you. My love to your wife if she is still with you. \nYrs. Trly J. T. L. Preston.","July 4, 1889 \nMy dear General and old-time comrade- \nFinis Opus Coronat \nThe crown of a worthy work is its successful completion.  How unspeakably precious is this crown, when the work is one's life work! No other work to be done, and therefore, no apprehension of failure in the future.","The proof of your work is twofold- first in rearing a noble structure upon its foundation and then in raising it from its ruins.  Testimony to this work is found in the annals of the state of Virginia, in the records of successive Boards of Visitors, by the voices and the lives of the Alumni who have gone forth from its walls, and by these words from him who is the sole surviving sharer of your labors from the founding of the V. M. I. to its semi-centennial Jubilee.","But best of all is the testimony of your own conscience, that you have never swerved from your purpose, nor spared yourself in your devotion to the object you had set before you.","With the many, various, and formidable obstacles you had to encounter I am familiar, but what other and unrevealed struggles were yours, none but yourself may ever know.","The crown of a completed work is yours.","But for all true and faithful followers of the Master there is another crown laid up – a crown of glory – a crown, not for the closing of this mortal life, but a crown for the opening of an immortal life – a crown to be worn forever!","May this crown, my old friend, be yours and mine! \nAnd for this hope let us united in saying – Laus Deo! \nAffectionately, \nJ. T. L. Preston \n1839-1889","The original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284).","The John T. L. Preston papers consist of the personal papers of Preston, including:\n A farm account book (1834-1887) Bills Deeds Memoranda Receipts Correspondence A photocopy and transcription of Preston's Civil War journal (\"Jottings\"), which dates from his military service at Craney Island, Virginia from late July to October 1861. The original journal is held by the Library of Congress. Preston's United States passport (May 1851) Franklin Society membership certificate (1851) A typescript \"brief historical sketch\" of VMI written as a speech for the Institute's semi-centennial celebration in 1889 (the typescript contains handwritten corrections in ink; Preston's son delivered the address on behalf of his father). \nThe majority of the papers relate to Preston's personal, financial, and property (land) transactions and do not involve his work at VMI. ","A noteable item includes a letter (dated April 24 1863) to General Stonewall Jackson (to whom Preston was related by marriage) in which Preston discusses religious and financial matters.","Passport for John T. L. Preston.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards Topics financial transactions affecting Stonewall Jackson, including the purchase of Confederate bonds and proceeds from sale of tannery. The letter also concerns religious matters, particularly the upcoming General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina.","Typescript sketch written by John T. L. Preston. It was prepared at the request of the VMI Board of Visitors to mark the Institute's semicentennial celebration. Preston had planned to deliver this as an address, but he was not able to do so and it was read by his son Reverend Dr. T. L. Preston.","The sketch includes details about events leading to the establishment of VMI, including debates in the local Franklin Society and letters to the local newspaper written by Preston under the penname \"Cives\" in 1835.","Reprint in pamphlet form of letters written by John T. L. Preston to the Lexington (Virginia) Gazette in 1835, discussing the desirability of turning the local arsenal into a military college. Preston wrote these letters under the pen name \"Cives\" and these are often referred to as the \"Cives letters.\"  This pamphlet was issued in 1889 to mark VMI's semicentennial.","Copy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.","The journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  ","This letter was written on the occasion of VMI's semicentennial celebration, in which John T. L. Preston reminiscences about Francis H. Smith's role in the founding and growth of VMI.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)","Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0240","/repositories/3/resources/322"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"collection_ssim":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890"],"creator_ssim":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890"],"creators_ssim":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","Account Books","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Certificates","Financial records","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","Account Books","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Certificates","Financial records","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.69 cubic feet 1 2.5-inch legal document box and 1 5-inch legal document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.69 cubic feet 1 2.5-inch legal document box and 1 5-inch legal document box"],"genreform_ssim":["Account Books","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Certificates","Financial records","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the John T. L. Preston papers are avaliable \n\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200240/mode/exact\"\u003e online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of the John T. L. Preston papers are avaliable \n  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890) was one of the founders of VMI. He served at VMI as a member of the first Board of Visitors (1839) and as a Professor of Modern Languages from 1839 to 1875. During the Civil War he was on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890) was one of the founders of VMI. He served at VMI as a member of the first Board of Visitors (1839) and as a Professor of Modern Languages from 1839 to 1875. During the Civil War he was on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington April 28, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr General,\u003cbr\u003e\nAccording to your direction I have purchased for you $2700 of 8 prct [percent] Confed. Bonds. This leaves a small balance to your credit. The bonds are deposited in the Bank of Rockbridge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOur tannery has been very prosperous. I have not deemed it necessary to write to you about it hitherto. But now I have to say that the concern will be ready to pay over to you in a few weeks, as your share of the profits from ten to fifteen thousand dollars ($10,000 - 15,000). We have on hand a contract for tanning from the Government which will not be as profitable as our operations heretofore have been but it will be remunerative and [left edge] Maggie sends her love at the same time safe. If I can be of any service to you in investing your money let me know. I was informed at the VMI that there was a balance of $50 against you on the Treasurer's Book. I told the Supt. that I would settle it out of your funds. Maggie wrote lately to Mrs. Jackson something about your house. I cannot recollect any other business items.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect to leave home, day after tomorrow for the Gen. Assembly at Columbia. I go with the earnest wish and prayer that this the supreme council of our branch of the church may under the guidance of the Holy Spirit be able to devise something which will be operative in impregnating the institutions of our very nation with the spirit of vital Christianity. I cannot myself think of any new mode of attempting this. We have in operation all the agencies prescribed in the Gospel and if these are used in the spirit of the Gospel they will prove sufficient. But the real battle of the Church will begin when the national struggle is closed and Peace opens the flood gates through which will flow upon society the stream of evils generated by War. Profanity, Sabbath breaking, intemperance, idleness, lawlessness and general looseness of morals may be expected partly as the reactive influence of the scenes through which the entire youthful population of the land have been called to pass. Against all this the church must lift up her banners if would maintain her own. But instead of merely maintaining her own she does not make the reorganization of things the occasion of assuming an advanced position, will she be guiltless.\nDr. Palmer has replied to Dr. White who had communicated [illegible] about supplying the army with religious service. He does not express any very decided convictions upon the subject and looks to some action by the Gen. Assb. I trust it is a good Providence that has given to your corps Mr. Lacy.  Remember me warmly to him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf you can make any suggestions touching church matters, write to me at Columbia Pres. Gen. Assembly. On business at Lex. If you wish anything done before I return Gilham or Fuller will attend to it for you. My love to your wife if she is still with you.\u003cbr\u003e\nYrs. Trly J. T. L. Preston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1889\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear General and old-time comrade-\u003cbr\u003e\nFinis Opus Coronat\u003cbr\u003e\nThe crown of a worthy work is its successful completion.  How unspeakably precious is this crown, when the work is one's life work! No other work to be done, and therefore, no apprehension of failure in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe proof of your work is twofold- first in rearing a noble structure upon its foundation and then in raising it from its ruins.  Testimony to this work is found in the annals of the state of Virginia, in the records of successive Boards of Visitors, by the voices and the lives of the Alumni who have gone forth from its walls, and by these words from him who is the sole surviving sharer of your labors from the founding of the V. M. I. to its semi-centennial Jubilee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut best of all is the testimony of your own conscience, that you have never swerved from your purpose, nor spared yourself in your devotion to the object you had set before you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith the many, various, and formidable obstacles you had to encounter I am familiar, but what other and unrevealed struggles were yours, none but yourself may ever know.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe crown of a completed work is yours.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut for all true and faithful followers of the Master there is another crown laid up – a crown of glory – a crown, not for the closing of this mortal life, but a crown for the opening of an immortal life – a crown to be worn forever!\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay this crown, my old friend, be yours and mine!\u003cbr\u003e\nAnd for this hope let us united in saying – Laus Deo!\u003cbr\u003e\nAffectionately,\u003cbr\u003e\nJ. T. L. Preston\u003cbr\u003e\n1839-1889\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington April 28, 1863","Dr General, \nAccording to your direction I have purchased for you $2700 of 8 prct [percent] Confed. Bonds. This leaves a small balance to your credit. The bonds are deposited in the Bank of Rockbridge.","Our tannery has been very prosperous. I have not deemed it necessary to write to you about it hitherto. But now I have to say that the concern will be ready to pay over to you in a few weeks, as your share of the profits from ten to fifteen thousand dollars ($10,000 - 15,000). We have on hand a contract for tanning from the Government which will not be as profitable as our operations heretofore have been but it will be remunerative and [left edge] Maggie sends her love at the same time safe. If I can be of any service to you in investing your money let me know. I was informed at the VMI that there was a balance of $50 against you on the Treasurer's Book. I told the Supt. that I would settle it out of your funds. Maggie wrote lately to Mrs. Jackson something about your house. I cannot recollect any other business items.","I expect to leave home, day after tomorrow for the Gen. Assembly at Columbia. I go with the earnest wish and prayer that this the supreme council of our branch of the church may under the guidance of the Holy Spirit be able to devise something which will be operative in impregnating the institutions of our very nation with the spirit of vital Christianity. I cannot myself think of any new mode of attempting this. We have in operation all the agencies prescribed in the Gospel and if these are used in the spirit of the Gospel they will prove sufficient. But the real battle of the Church will begin when the national struggle is closed and Peace opens the flood gates through which will flow upon society the stream of evils generated by War. Profanity, Sabbath breaking, intemperance, idleness, lawlessness and general looseness of morals may be expected partly as the reactive influence of the scenes through which the entire youthful population of the land have been called to pass. Against all this the church must lift up her banners if would maintain her own. But instead of merely maintaining her own she does not make the reorganization of things the occasion of assuming an advanced position, will she be guiltless.\nDr. Palmer has replied to Dr. White who had communicated [illegible] about supplying the army with religious service. He does not express any very decided convictions upon the subject and looks to some action by the Gen. Assb. I trust it is a good Providence that has given to your corps Mr. Lacy.  Remember me warmly to him.","If you can make any suggestions touching church matters, write to me at Columbia Pres. Gen. Assembly. On business at Lex. If you wish anything done before I return Gilham or Fuller will attend to it for you. My love to your wife if she is still with you. \nYrs. Trly J. T. L. Preston.","July 4, 1889 \nMy dear General and old-time comrade- \nFinis Opus Coronat \nThe crown of a worthy work is its successful completion.  How unspeakably precious is this crown, when the work is one's life work! No other work to be done, and therefore, no apprehension of failure in the future.","The proof of your work is twofold- first in rearing a noble structure upon its foundation and then in raising it from its ruins.  Testimony to this work is found in the annals of the state of Virginia, in the records of successive Boards of Visitors, by the voices and the lives of the Alumni who have gone forth from its walls, and by these words from him who is the sole surviving sharer of your labors from the founding of the V. M. I. to its semi-centennial Jubilee.","But best of all is the testimony of your own conscience, that you have never swerved from your purpose, nor spared yourself in your devotion to the object you had set before you.","With the many, various, and formidable obstacles you had to encounter I am familiar, but what other and unrevealed struggles were yours, none but yourself may ever know.","The crown of a completed work is yours.","But for all true and faithful followers of the Master there is another crown laid up – a crown of glory – a crown, not for the closing of this mortal life, but a crown for the opening of an immortal life – a crown to be worn forever!","May this crown, my old friend, be yours and mine! \nAnd for this hope let us united in saying – Laus Deo! \nAffectionately, \nJ. T. L. Preston \n1839-1889"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284).\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn T. L. Preston papers, 1806-1889. MS 0240. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John T. L. Preston papers, 1806-1889. MS 0240. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John T. L. Preston papers consist of the personal papers of Preston, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA farm account book (1834-1887)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBills\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeeds\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoranda\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReceipts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA photocopy and transcription of Preston's Civil War journal (\"Jottings\"), which dates from his military service at Craney Island, Virginia from late July to October 1861. The original journal is held by the Library of Congress.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreston's United States passport (May 1851)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFranklin Society membership certificate (1851)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript \"brief historical sketch\" of VMI written as a speech for the Institute's semi-centennial celebration in 1889 (the typescript contains handwritten corrections in ink; Preston's son delivered the address on behalf of his father).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe majority of the papers relate to Preston's personal, financial, and property (land) transactions and do not involve his work at VMI. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA noteable item includes a letter (dated April 24 1863) to General Stonewall Jackson (to whom Preston was related by marriage) in which Preston discusses religious and financial matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePassport for John T. L. Preston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards Topics financial transactions affecting Stonewall Jackson, including the purchase of Confederate bonds and proceeds from sale of tannery. The letter also concerns religious matters, particularly the upcoming General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript sketch written by John T. L. Preston. It was prepared at the request of the VMI Board of Visitors to mark the Institute's semicentennial celebration. Preston had planned to deliver this as an address, but he was not able to do so and it was read by his son Reverend Dr. T. L. Preston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe sketch includes details about events leading to the establishment of VMI, including debates in the local Franklin Society and letters to the local newspaper written by Preston under the penname \"Cives\" in 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint in pamphlet form of letters written by John T. L. Preston to the Lexington (Virginia) Gazette in 1835, discussing the desirability of turning the local arsenal into a military college. Preston wrote these letters under the pen name \"Cives\" and these are often referred to as the \"Cives letters.\"  This pamphlet was issued in 1889 to mark VMI's semicentennial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter was written on the occasion of VMI's semicentennial celebration, in which John T. L. Preston reminiscences about Francis H. Smith's role in the founding and growth of VMI.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John T. L. Preston papers consist of the personal papers of Preston, including:\n A farm account book (1834-1887) Bills Deeds Memoranda Receipts Correspondence A photocopy and transcription of Preston's Civil War journal (\"Jottings\"), which dates from his military service at Craney Island, Virginia from late July to October 1861. The original journal is held by the Library of Congress. Preston's United States passport (May 1851) Franklin Society membership certificate (1851) A typescript \"brief historical sketch\" of VMI written as a speech for the Institute's semi-centennial celebration in 1889 (the typescript contains handwritten corrections in ink; Preston's son delivered the address on behalf of his father). \nThe majority of the papers relate to Preston's personal, financial, and property (land) transactions and do not involve his work at VMI. ","A noteable item includes a letter (dated April 24 1863) to General Stonewall Jackson (to whom Preston was related by marriage) in which Preston discusses religious and financial matters.","Passport for John T. L. Preston.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards Topics financial transactions affecting Stonewall Jackson, including the purchase of Confederate bonds and proceeds from sale of tannery. The letter also concerns religious matters, particularly the upcoming General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina.","Typescript sketch written by John T. L. Preston. It was prepared at the request of the VMI Board of Visitors to mark the Institute's semicentennial celebration. Preston had planned to deliver this as an address, but he was not able to do so and it was read by his son Reverend Dr. T. L. Preston.","The sketch includes details about events leading to the establishment of VMI, including debates in the local Franklin Society and letters to the local newspaper written by Preston under the penname \"Cives\" in 1835.","Reprint in pamphlet form of letters written by John T. L. Preston to the Lexington (Virginia) Gazette in 1835, discussing the desirability of turning the local arsenal into a military college. Preston wrote these letters under the pen name \"Cives\" and these are often referred to as the \"Cives letters.\"  This pamphlet was issued in 1889 to mark VMI's semicentennial.","Copy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.","The journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  ","This letter was written on the occasion of VMI's semicentennial celebration, in which John T. L. Preston reminiscences about Francis H. Smith's role in the founding and growth of VMI."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_381c5f8510d064f2b89dfdd78d5a613d\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)","Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:56.008Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","value":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Personal+narratives%E2%80%94Confederate\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Personal+narratives%E2%80%94Confederate\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Clayton G. 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