{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=United+States%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Home+life\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=United+States%E2%80%94History%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865%E2%80%94Home+life\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":8,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_269","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cary C. Cocke letters","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_269#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cocke, Cary C. 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Cocke, a VMI cadet.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Cocke, Cary C. (Cary Charles), 1814-1888","Cocke, John H. (John Hartwell), 1847-1920","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0189","/repositories/3/resources/269"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cary C. Cocke letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cary C. Cocke letters"],"collection_ssim":["Cary C. Cocke letters"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Cocke, Cary C. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_47dd5aef78d7882bbce32b4811f01d1c\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Cocke, Cary C. (Cary Charles), 1814-1888","Cocke, John H. (John Hartwell), 1847-1920"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cocke, John H. 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The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_490.xml","title_ssm":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"title_tesim":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865 January 25"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 January 25"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0410","/repositories/3/resources/490"],"text":["MS.0410","/repositories/3/resources/490","Comer Family Civil War letter","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States. -- Army. -- New York Cavalry Regiment, 9th (1861-1865)","There are no restrictions","This item is available online","Dr. Alexander T. C. Comer commissioned as an officer (Assistant Surgeon) with the 9th New York Cavalry Regiment. He mustered in on April 8, 1863 and mustered out on July 17, 1865 at Cloud's Mills, Virginia.","Winchester. Va. Jan 25th/1865","Dear Doctor \nI received your very welcome letter on last Saturday. You wished an explanation for my long continued silence, I can tell you, it was because I was wating to hear from you first. You also wished to know if I was in love with someone else, that I had thus slighted my fond husband. I have not nor do I expect to. Anna and, Mick were at a Ball last night given by Gen Chapman Staff Officers. Gen Sheridan and Chapman were there. I was invited but did not go owing to having a severe cold. Often will my mind revert To the pleasant hours spent in your company. You say in your letter that you would give all the money you possess to come to Winchester for a day or two. I wish your Regt would be sent back here, so your wish could be gratified, and mine also.  Maggie was married on the 15th of this month. Mr. K was very ill and so the wedding took place three day before the appointed time. I could not fulfil my promise about giving you a months notice for I did not know it but eight or ten days myself. We were anticipating a gay time but our hopes were all [?] By her getting married before the time appointed. Please tell Maj. Hanley that Maggie is married for she promised to invite him. I think she played a Yankee trick on us all. Dr. Streeter spent the evening with us day before yesterday. I have not been to an Oyster Supper since I went with you. I had a very nice sleigh ride day before yesterday and Scottie had one yesterday.  Sisters send their kindest regards to you. You wished to know how your sister Anna stands your long absence. She often wished she could see here brother Alick [Alex] so I think you better come back to old W for your sister want to see you as well as your fond wife.","A. Comer Asst Surgeon \nA.T. C. C.","This collection consists of one letter (dated January 25, 1865) from Susan Comer (Russell) to her husband, Alexander T. C. Comer, Assistant Surgeon. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Comer Family","Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0410","/repositories/3/resources/490"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"collection_ssim":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Comer Family"],"creator_ssim":["Comer Family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Comer Family"],"creators_ssim":["Comer Family"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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Gen Sheridan and Chapman were there. I was invited but did not go owing to having a severe cold. Often will my mind revert To the pleasant hours spent in your company. You say in your letter that you would give all the money you possess to come to Winchester for a day or two. I wish your Regt would be sent back here, so your wish could be gratified, and mine also.  Maggie was married on the 15th of this month. Mr. K was very ill and so the wedding took place three day before the appointed time. I could not fulfil my promise about giving you a months notice for I did not know it but eight or ten days myself. We were anticipating a gay time but our hopes were all [?] By her getting married before the time appointed. Please tell Maj. Hanley that Maggie is married for she promised to invite him. I think she played a Yankee trick on us all. Dr. Streeter spent the evening with us day before yesterday. I have not been to an Oyster Supper since I went with you. I had a very nice sleigh ride day before yesterday and Scottie had one yesterday.  Sisters send their kindest regards to you. You wished to know how your sister Anna stands your long absence. She often wished she could see here brother Alick [Alex] so I think you better come back to old W for your sister want to see you as well as your fond wife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Comer Asst Surgeon\u003cbr\u003e\nA.T. C. C.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Winchester. Va. Jan 25th/1865","Dear Doctor \nI received your very welcome letter on last Saturday. You wished an explanation for my long continued silence, I can tell you, it was because I was wating to hear from you first. You also wished to know if I was in love with someone else, that I had thus slighted my fond husband. I have not nor do I expect to. Anna and, Mick were at a Ball last night given by Gen Chapman Staff Officers. Gen Sheridan and Chapman were there. I was invited but did not go owing to having a severe cold. Often will my mind revert To the pleasant hours spent in your company. You say in your letter that you would give all the money you possess to come to Winchester for a day or two. I wish your Regt would be sent back here, so your wish could be gratified, and mine also.  Maggie was married on the 15th of this month. Mr. K was very ill and so the wedding took place three day before the appointed time. I could not fulfil my promise about giving you a months notice for I did not know it but eight or ten days myself. We were anticipating a gay time but our hopes were all [?] By her getting married before the time appointed. Please tell Maj. Hanley that Maggie is married for she promised to invite him. I think she played a Yankee trick on us all. Dr. Streeter spent the evening with us day before yesterday. I have not been to an Oyster Supper since I went with you. I had a very nice sleigh ride day before yesterday and Scottie had one yesterday.  Sisters send their kindest regards to you. You wished to know how your sister Anna stands your long absence. She often wished she could see here brother Alick [Alex] so I think you better come back to old W for your sister want to see you as well as your fond wife.","A. Comer Asst Surgeon \nA.T. C. C."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComer Family Civil War letter, 1865. MS 0410. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Comer Family Civil War letter, 1865. MS 0410. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated January 25, 1865) from Susan Comer (Russell) to her husband, Alexander T. C. Comer, Assistant Surgeon. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated January 25, 1865) from Susan Comer (Russell) to her husband, Alexander T. C. Comer, Assistant Surgeon. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6d81a61038482c1e78aab81d1cad2616\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Comer Family","Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Comer Family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy"],"persname_ssim":["Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:12:24.750Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_490.xml","title_ssm":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"title_tesim":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865 January 25"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 January 25"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0410","/repositories/3/resources/490"],"text":["MS.0410","/repositories/3/resources/490","Comer Family Civil War letter","Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States. -- Army. -- New York Cavalry Regiment, 9th (1861-1865)","There are no restrictions","This item is available online","Dr. Alexander T. C. Comer commissioned as an officer (Assistant Surgeon) with the 9th New York Cavalry Regiment. He mustered in on April 8, 1863 and mustered out on July 17, 1865 at Cloud's Mills, Virginia.","Winchester. Va. Jan 25th/1865","Dear Doctor \nI received your very welcome letter on last Saturday. You wished an explanation for my long continued silence, I can tell you, it was because I was wating to hear from you first. You also wished to know if I was in love with someone else, that I had thus slighted my fond husband. I have not nor do I expect to. Anna and, Mick were at a Ball last night given by Gen Chapman Staff Officers. Gen Sheridan and Chapman were there. I was invited but did not go owing to having a severe cold. Often will my mind revert To the pleasant hours spent in your company. You say in your letter that you would give all the money you possess to come to Winchester for a day or two. I wish your Regt would be sent back here, so your wish could be gratified, and mine also.  Maggie was married on the 15th of this month. Mr. K was very ill and so the wedding took place three day before the appointed time. I could not fulfil my promise about giving you a months notice for I did not know it but eight or ten days myself. We were anticipating a gay time but our hopes were all [?] By her getting married before the time appointed. Please tell Maj. Hanley that Maggie is married for she promised to invite him. I think she played a Yankee trick on us all. Dr. Streeter spent the evening with us day before yesterday. I have not been to an Oyster Supper since I went with you. I had a very nice sleigh ride day before yesterday and Scottie had one yesterday.  Sisters send their kindest regards to you. You wished to know how your sister Anna stands your long absence. She often wished she could see here brother Alick [Alex] so I think you better come back to old W for your sister want to see you as well as your fond wife.","A. Comer Asst Surgeon \nA.T. C. C.","This collection consists of one letter (dated January 25, 1865) from Susan Comer (Russell) to her husband, Alexander T. C. Comer, Assistant Surgeon. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Comer Family","Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0410","/repositories/3/resources/490"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"collection_ssim":["Comer Family Civil War letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Comer Family"],"creator_ssim":["Comer Family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Comer Family"],"creators_ssim":["Comer Family"],"places_ssim":["Winchester (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States. -- Army. -- New York Cavalry Regiment, 9th (1861-1865)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States. -- Army. -- New York Cavalry Regiment, 9th (1861-1865)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/3379\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This item is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Alexander T. C. Comer commissioned as an officer (Assistant Surgeon) with the 9th New York Cavalry Regiment. He mustered in on April 8, 1863 and mustered out on July 17, 1865 at Cloud's Mills, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Alexander T. C. Comer commissioned as an officer (Assistant Surgeon) with the 9th New York Cavalry Regiment. He mustered in on April 8, 1863 and mustered out on July 17, 1865 at Cloud's Mills, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWinchester. Va. Jan 25th/1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Doctor\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your very welcome letter on last Saturday. You wished an explanation for my long continued silence, I can tell you, it was because I was wating to hear from you first. You also wished to know if I was in love with someone else, that I had thus slighted my fond husband. I have not nor do I expect to. Anna and, Mick were at a Ball last night given by Gen Chapman Staff Officers. Gen Sheridan and Chapman were there. I was invited but did not go owing to having a severe cold. Often will my mind revert To the pleasant hours spent in your company. You say in your letter that you would give all the money you possess to come to Winchester for a day or two. I wish your Regt would be sent back here, so your wish could be gratified, and mine also.  Maggie was married on the 15th of this month. Mr. K was very ill and so the wedding took place three day before the appointed time. I could not fulfil my promise about giving you a months notice for I did not know it but eight or ten days myself. We were anticipating a gay time but our hopes were all [?] By her getting married before the time appointed. Please tell Maj. Hanley that Maggie is married for she promised to invite him. I think she played a Yankee trick on us all. Dr. Streeter spent the evening with us day before yesterday. I have not been to an Oyster Supper since I went with you. I had a very nice sleigh ride day before yesterday and Scottie had one yesterday.  Sisters send their kindest regards to you. You wished to know how your sister Anna stands your long absence. She often wished she could see here brother Alick [Alex] so I think you better come back to old W for your sister want to see you as well as your fond wife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA. Comer Asst Surgeon\u003cbr\u003e\nA.T. C. C.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Winchester. Va. Jan 25th/1865","Dear Doctor \nI received your very welcome letter on last Saturday. You wished an explanation for my long continued silence, I can tell you, it was because I was wating to hear from you first. You also wished to know if I was in love with someone else, that I had thus slighted my fond husband. I have not nor do I expect to. Anna and, Mick were at a Ball last night given by Gen Chapman Staff Officers. Gen Sheridan and Chapman were there. I was invited but did not go owing to having a severe cold. Often will my mind revert To the pleasant hours spent in your company. You say in your letter that you would give all the money you possess to come to Winchester for a day or two. I wish your Regt would be sent back here, so your wish could be gratified, and mine also.  Maggie was married on the 15th of this month. Mr. K was very ill and so the wedding took place three day before the appointed time. I could not fulfil my promise about giving you a months notice for I did not know it but eight or ten days myself. We were anticipating a gay time but our hopes were all [?] By her getting married before the time appointed. Please tell Maj. Hanley that Maggie is married for she promised to invite him. I think she played a Yankee trick on us all. Dr. Streeter spent the evening with us day before yesterday. I have not been to an Oyster Supper since I went with you. I had a very nice sleigh ride day before yesterday and Scottie had one yesterday.  Sisters send their kindest regards to you. You wished to know how your sister Anna stands your long absence. She often wished she could see here brother Alick [Alex] so I think you better come back to old W for your sister want to see you as well as your fond wife.","A. Comer Asst Surgeon \nA.T. C. C."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComer Family Civil War letter, 1865. MS 0410. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Comer Family Civil War letter, 1865. MS 0410. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated January 25, 1865) from Susan Comer (Russell) to her husband, Alexander T. C. Comer, Assistant Surgeon. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Winchester, Virginia. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated January 25, 1865) from Susan Comer (Russell) to her husband, Alexander T. C. Comer, Assistant Surgeon. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride.","Written from Winchester, Virginia. The letter contains personal and family news, including the mention of a ball given by General Chapman's staff, a wedding, and a sleigh ride."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6d81a61038482c1e78aab81d1cad2616\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Comer Family","Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Comer Family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy"],"persname_ssim":["Comer, Alexander T. C.","Hanley, Timothy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:12:24.750Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_490"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James W. A. Ford letter","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_353.xml","title_ssm":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"title_tesim":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863 September 20"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1863 September 20"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0271","/repositories/3/resources/353"],"text":["MS.0271","/repositories/3/resources/353","James W. A. Ford letter","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Childbirth—United States","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","James William Andrew Ford was bornin 1843 in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, West Virgini to David J. Ford (?-1881) and Mary A. Ford (?-1860). During the Civil War he served in various regiments, including the 20th Virginia Cavalry. Ford was captured in July 1864 and was one of the \"Immortal 600\" held at Morris Island, South Carolina. After the War he was a prominent citizen and merchant in Lewisburg. He died in 1900 and is buried in Old Stone Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Lewisburg.","Little is known of Ford's sister, Lizzie Ford Burdett (sometimes spelled Burdette), whose death due to complications of childbirth is described in this letter. She was born on November 25, 1839 and died on September 17, 1863. She is buried next to her parents and brother at the Old Stone Presbyterian Church cemetery.","Lewisburg Va. Sunday Morning \nSeptember 20th 1863","Dear Cousin Caroline \nIn the dispensation of an over-ruling, and to some a mysterious providence, becomes my sad duty to communicate to you the intelligence of My Dear Sister Lizzie's death.","Last Wednesday night a week ago she gave birth to a little boy from the effects of which she breathed her last the eight day, last Thursday evening at 3 o'clock p.m.; and was buried yesterday morning. She suffered apparently very little up to the day she died. When she complained very much of her breast \u0026 back and a few minutes before she died her husband (Capt. Burdett) hurried for Dr. Caldwell, but before he returned she silently passed from the world of sin \u0026 misery without a paroxysm of pain. It was hard indeed to give her up. She was all that a sister and mother could be. She has been keeping house for us ever since My Dear Mother died, so that we had become doubly attached to her. We will greatly miss her gentle voice \u0026 smiling face from the home circle, but will be consoled that the affliction is at Our Father's bidding and calmly submitting to his ways say: Thy Will be done. She was conscious of her approaching end \u0026 made a great many requests. She died I think fully prepared, she having been a consistent member of the Church for several years and said she hoped soon to meet her Mother in heaven. I was not at home when she died, being at \"Camp Miller\", Pocahontas Co. where I have been stationed for a couple of weeks. I have raised a company of Cavalry to be organized the 1st October which is to be connected to Col. Jackson's command.","There is no news here of importance. Every thing quiet since our glorious little victory at the White Sulphur Spring. I wrote the Dr. all the particulars. As I have two or three more letters to write, I must close, hoping you will answer this very soon. Direct to Lewisburg and I'll have it forwarded to Camp.","Remember me very kindly to all the friends and believe me to be \nYour affectionate Cousin, \nJ. W. A. Ford","P.S. I am very well excepting a very sore hip, caused by my horse falling with me in Camp a few days ago \u0026 throwing me entirely over his head. Has [Hons] gone back to his company yet. \nGoodby Jimmie","This collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.","Written from Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of James W. A. Ford's sister Lizzie Burdett. Ford also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0271","/repositories/3/resources/353"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"collection_ssim":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"creator_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"creators_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Childbirth—United States","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Childbirth—United States","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames William Andrew Ford was bornin 1843 in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, West Virgini to David J. Ford (?-1881) and Mary A. Ford (?-1860). During the Civil War he served in various regiments, including the 20th Virginia Cavalry. Ford was captured in July 1864 and was one of the \"Immortal 600\" held at Morris Island, South Carolina. After the War he was a prominent citizen and merchant in Lewisburg. He died in 1900 and is buried in Old Stone Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Lewisburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLittle is known of Ford's sister, Lizzie Ford Burdett (sometimes spelled Burdette), whose death due to complications of childbirth is described in this letter. She was born on November 25, 1839 and died on September 17, 1863. She is buried next to her parents and brother at the Old Stone Presbyterian Church cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James William Andrew Ford was bornin 1843 in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, West Virgini to David J. Ford (?-1881) and Mary A. Ford (?-1860). During the Civil War he served in various regiments, including the 20th Virginia Cavalry. Ford was captured in July 1864 and was one of the \"Immortal 600\" held at Morris Island, South Carolina. After the War he was a prominent citizen and merchant in Lewisburg. He died in 1900 and is buried in Old Stone Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Lewisburg.","Little is known of Ford's sister, Lizzie Ford Burdett (sometimes spelled Burdette), whose death due to complications of childbirth is described in this letter. She was born on November 25, 1839 and died on September 17, 1863. She is buried next to her parents and brother at the Old Stone Presbyterian Church cemetery."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewisburg Va. Sunday Morning\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 20th 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Cousin Caroline\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the dispensation of an over-ruling, and to some a mysterious providence, becomes my sad duty to communicate to you the intelligence of My Dear Sister Lizzie's death.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLast Wednesday night a week ago she gave birth to a little boy from the effects of which she breathed her last the eight day, last Thursday evening at 3 o'clock p.m.; and was buried yesterday morning. She suffered apparently very little up to the day she died. When she complained very much of her breast \u0026amp; back and a few minutes before she died her husband (Capt. Burdett) hurried for Dr. Caldwell, but before he returned she silently passed from the world of sin \u0026amp; misery without a paroxysm of pain. It was hard indeed to give her up. She was all that a sister and mother could be. She has been keeping house for us ever since My Dear Mother died, so that we had become doubly attached to her. We will greatly miss her gentle voice \u0026amp; smiling face from the home circle, but will be consoled that the affliction is at Our Father's bidding and calmly submitting to his ways say: Thy Will be done. She was conscious of her approaching end \u0026amp; made a great many requests. She died I think fully prepared, she having been a consistent member of the Church for several years and said she hoped soon to meet her Mother in heaven. I was not at home when she died, being at \"Camp Miller\", Pocahontas Co. where I have been stationed for a couple of weeks. I have raised a company of Cavalry to be organized the 1st October which is to be connected to Col. Jackson's command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no news here of importance. Every thing quiet since our glorious little victory at the White Sulphur Spring. I wrote the Dr. all the particulars. As I have two or three more letters to write, I must close, hoping you will answer this very soon. Direct to Lewisburg and I'll have it forwarded to Camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRemember me very kindly to all the friends and believe me to be\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate Cousin,\u003cbr\u003e\nJ. W. A. Ford\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. I am very well excepting a very sore hip, caused by my horse falling with me in Camp a few days ago \u0026amp; throwing me entirely over his head. Has [Hons] gone back to his company yet.\u003cbr\u003e\nGoodby Jimmie\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lewisburg Va. Sunday Morning \nSeptember 20th 1863","Dear Cousin Caroline \nIn the dispensation of an over-ruling, and to some a mysterious providence, becomes my sad duty to communicate to you the intelligence of My Dear Sister Lizzie's death.","Last Wednesday night a week ago she gave birth to a little boy from the effects of which she breathed her last the eight day, last Thursday evening at 3 o'clock p.m.; and was buried yesterday morning. She suffered apparently very little up to the day she died. When she complained very much of her breast \u0026 back and a few minutes before she died her husband (Capt. Burdett) hurried for Dr. Caldwell, but before he returned she silently passed from the world of sin \u0026 misery without a paroxysm of pain. It was hard indeed to give her up. She was all that a sister and mother could be. She has been keeping house for us ever since My Dear Mother died, so that we had become doubly attached to her. We will greatly miss her gentle voice \u0026 smiling face from the home circle, but will be consoled that the affliction is at Our Father's bidding and calmly submitting to his ways say: Thy Will be done. She was conscious of her approaching end \u0026 made a great many requests. She died I think fully prepared, she having been a consistent member of the Church for several years and said she hoped soon to meet her Mother in heaven. I was not at home when she died, being at \"Camp Miller\", Pocahontas Co. where I have been stationed for a couple of weeks. I have raised a company of Cavalry to be organized the 1st October which is to be connected to Col. Jackson's command.","There is no news here of importance. Every thing quiet since our glorious little victory at the White Sulphur Spring. I wrote the Dr. all the particulars. As I have two or three more letters to write, I must close, hoping you will answer this very soon. Direct to Lewisburg and I'll have it forwarded to Camp.","Remember me very kindly to all the friends and believe me to be \nYour affectionate Cousin, \nJ. W. A. Ford","P.S. I am very well excepting a very sore hip, caused by my horse falling with me in Camp a few days ago \u0026 throwing me entirely over his head. Has [Hons] gone back to his company yet. \nGoodby Jimmie"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript # 0271. James W. A. Ford letter. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Manuscript # 0271. James W. A. Ford letter. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of James W. A. Ford's sister Lizzie Burdett. Ford also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.","Written from Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of James W. A. Ford's sister Lizzie Burdett. Ford also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f722185bde4d2239f76ca4d36e036fa5\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)"],"persname_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:14.516Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_353.xml","title_ssm":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"title_tesim":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863 September 20"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1863 September 20"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0271","/repositories/3/resources/353"],"text":["MS.0271","/repositories/3/resources/353","James W. A. Ford letter","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Childbirth—United States","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","James William Andrew Ford was bornin 1843 in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, West Virgini to David J. Ford (?-1881) and Mary A. Ford (?-1860). During the Civil War he served in various regiments, including the 20th Virginia Cavalry. Ford was captured in July 1864 and was one of the \"Immortal 600\" held at Morris Island, South Carolina. After the War he was a prominent citizen and merchant in Lewisburg. He died in 1900 and is buried in Old Stone Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Lewisburg.","Little is known of Ford's sister, Lizzie Ford Burdett (sometimes spelled Burdette), whose death due to complications of childbirth is described in this letter. She was born on November 25, 1839 and died on September 17, 1863. She is buried next to her parents and brother at the Old Stone Presbyterian Church cemetery.","Lewisburg Va. Sunday Morning \nSeptember 20th 1863","Dear Cousin Caroline \nIn the dispensation of an over-ruling, and to some a mysterious providence, becomes my sad duty to communicate to you the intelligence of My Dear Sister Lizzie's death.","Last Wednesday night a week ago she gave birth to a little boy from the effects of which she breathed her last the eight day, last Thursday evening at 3 o'clock p.m.; and was buried yesterday morning. She suffered apparently very little up to the day she died. When she complained very much of her breast \u0026 back and a few minutes before she died her husband (Capt. Burdett) hurried for Dr. Caldwell, but before he returned she silently passed from the world of sin \u0026 misery without a paroxysm of pain. It was hard indeed to give her up. She was all that a sister and mother could be. She has been keeping house for us ever since My Dear Mother died, so that we had become doubly attached to her. We will greatly miss her gentle voice \u0026 smiling face from the home circle, but will be consoled that the affliction is at Our Father's bidding and calmly submitting to his ways say: Thy Will be done. She was conscious of her approaching end \u0026 made a great many requests. She died I think fully prepared, she having been a consistent member of the Church for several years and said she hoped soon to meet her Mother in heaven. I was not at home when she died, being at \"Camp Miller\", Pocahontas Co. where I have been stationed for a couple of weeks. I have raised a company of Cavalry to be organized the 1st October which is to be connected to Col. Jackson's command.","There is no news here of importance. Every thing quiet since our glorious little victory at the White Sulphur Spring. I wrote the Dr. all the particulars. As I have two or three more letters to write, I must close, hoping you will answer this very soon. Direct to Lewisburg and I'll have it forwarded to Camp.","Remember me very kindly to all the friends and believe me to be \nYour affectionate Cousin, \nJ. W. A. Ford","P.S. I am very well excepting a very sore hip, caused by my horse falling with me in Camp a few days ago \u0026 throwing me entirely over his head. Has [Hons] gone back to his company yet. \nGoodby Jimmie","This collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.","Written from Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of James W. A. Ford's sister Lizzie Burdett. Ford also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0271","/repositories/3/resources/353"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"collection_ssim":["James W. A. Ford letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"creator_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"creators_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Childbirth—United States","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Childbirth—United States","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames William Andrew Ford was bornin 1843 in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, West Virgini to David J. Ford (?-1881) and Mary A. Ford (?-1860). During the Civil War he served in various regiments, including the 20th Virginia Cavalry. Ford was captured in July 1864 and was one of the \"Immortal 600\" held at Morris Island, South Carolina. After the War he was a prominent citizen and merchant in Lewisburg. He died in 1900 and is buried in Old Stone Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Lewisburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLittle is known of Ford's sister, Lizzie Ford Burdett (sometimes spelled Burdette), whose death due to complications of childbirth is described in this letter. She was born on November 25, 1839 and died on September 17, 1863. She is buried next to her parents and brother at the Old Stone Presbyterian Church cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James William Andrew Ford was bornin 1843 in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, West Virgini to David J. Ford (?-1881) and Mary A. Ford (?-1860). During the Civil War he served in various regiments, including the 20th Virginia Cavalry. Ford was captured in July 1864 and was one of the \"Immortal 600\" held at Morris Island, South Carolina. After the War he was a prominent citizen and merchant in Lewisburg. He died in 1900 and is buried in Old Stone Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Lewisburg.","Little is known of Ford's sister, Lizzie Ford Burdett (sometimes spelled Burdette), whose death due to complications of childbirth is described in this letter. She was born on November 25, 1839 and died on September 17, 1863. She is buried next to her parents and brother at the Old Stone Presbyterian Church cemetery."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewisburg Va. Sunday Morning\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 20th 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Cousin Caroline\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the dispensation of an over-ruling, and to some a mysterious providence, becomes my sad duty to communicate to you the intelligence of My Dear Sister Lizzie's death.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLast Wednesday night a week ago she gave birth to a little boy from the effects of which she breathed her last the eight day, last Thursday evening at 3 o'clock p.m.; and was buried yesterday morning. She suffered apparently very little up to the day she died. When she complained very much of her breast \u0026amp; back and a few minutes before she died her husband (Capt. Burdett) hurried for Dr. Caldwell, but before he returned she silently passed from the world of sin \u0026amp; misery without a paroxysm of pain. It was hard indeed to give her up. She was all that a sister and mother could be. She has been keeping house for us ever since My Dear Mother died, so that we had become doubly attached to her. We will greatly miss her gentle voice \u0026amp; smiling face from the home circle, but will be consoled that the affliction is at Our Father's bidding and calmly submitting to his ways say: Thy Will be done. She was conscious of her approaching end \u0026amp; made a great many requests. She died I think fully prepared, she having been a consistent member of the Church for several years and said she hoped soon to meet her Mother in heaven. I was not at home when she died, being at \"Camp Miller\", Pocahontas Co. where I have been stationed for a couple of weeks. I have raised a company of Cavalry to be organized the 1st October which is to be connected to Col. Jackson's command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no news here of importance. Every thing quiet since our glorious little victory at the White Sulphur Spring. I wrote the Dr. all the particulars. As I have two or three more letters to write, I must close, hoping you will answer this very soon. Direct to Lewisburg and I'll have it forwarded to Camp.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRemember me very kindly to all the friends and believe me to be\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate Cousin,\u003cbr\u003e\nJ. W. A. Ford\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. I am very well excepting a very sore hip, caused by my horse falling with me in Camp a few days ago \u0026amp; throwing me entirely over his head. Has [Hons] gone back to his company yet.\u003cbr\u003e\nGoodby Jimmie\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lewisburg Va. Sunday Morning \nSeptember 20th 1863","Dear Cousin Caroline \nIn the dispensation of an over-ruling, and to some a mysterious providence, becomes my sad duty to communicate to you the intelligence of My Dear Sister Lizzie's death.","Last Wednesday night a week ago she gave birth to a little boy from the effects of which she breathed her last the eight day, last Thursday evening at 3 o'clock p.m.; and was buried yesterday morning. She suffered apparently very little up to the day she died. When she complained very much of her breast \u0026 back and a few minutes before she died her husband (Capt. Burdett) hurried for Dr. Caldwell, but before he returned she silently passed from the world of sin \u0026 misery without a paroxysm of pain. It was hard indeed to give her up. She was all that a sister and mother could be. She has been keeping house for us ever since My Dear Mother died, so that we had become doubly attached to her. We will greatly miss her gentle voice \u0026 smiling face from the home circle, but will be consoled that the affliction is at Our Father's bidding and calmly submitting to his ways say: Thy Will be done. She was conscious of her approaching end \u0026 made a great many requests. She died I think fully prepared, she having been a consistent member of the Church for several years and said she hoped soon to meet her Mother in heaven. I was not at home when she died, being at \"Camp Miller\", Pocahontas Co. where I have been stationed for a couple of weeks. I have raised a company of Cavalry to be organized the 1st October which is to be connected to Col. Jackson's command.","There is no news here of importance. Every thing quiet since our glorious little victory at the White Sulphur Spring. I wrote the Dr. all the particulars. As I have two or three more letters to write, I must close, hoping you will answer this very soon. Direct to Lewisburg and I'll have it forwarded to Camp.","Remember me very kindly to all the friends and believe me to be \nYour affectionate Cousin, \nJ. W. A. Ford","P.S. I am very well excepting a very sore hip, caused by my horse falling with me in Camp a few days ago \u0026 throwing me entirely over his head. Has [Hons] gone back to his company yet. \nGoodby Jimmie"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript # 0271. James W. A. Ford letter. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Manuscript # 0271. James W. A. Ford letter. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of James W. A. Ford's sister Lizzie Burdett. Ford also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated September 20, 1863) from James W. A. Ford to his cousin Caroline. Ford discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of his sister Lizzie Ford Burdett. He also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry.","Written from Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter discusses the death from the effects of childbirth of James W. A. Ford's sister Lizzie Burdett. Ford also mentions that he has raised a company of cavalry."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f722185bde4d2239f76ca4d36e036fa5\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)"],"persname_ssim":["Ford, James W. A., 1843-1900","Burdett, Elizabeth Ford (Lizzie)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:14.516Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_353"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John B. Snodgrass letters","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_156.xml","title_ssm":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"title_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0072","/repositories/3/resources/156"],"text":["MS.0072","/repositories/3/resources/156","John B. Snodgrass letters","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","John B. Snodgrass letters are avaliable  online .","John Breathed Snodgrass was born in 1843 in Berkeley County, West Virginia. He is a non-graduate, VMI class of 1864. He later became a physician. Snodgrass died in 1908 in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","Virginia Military Inst \nFeb 22nd 1862","My Dear Sister, \nColonel Tate has decreed that I shan't go to Lexington, today, for tis raining hard, and I am forced to stay close to barracks.  My roommate and myself had intended to pay \"our respects\" to two young \"Misses\" but have thus been foiled.  Today above all others ought to have been bright and clear, as it tis the day on which our glorious President is to be inaugurated.  All honour to him; and to our glorious young Confederacy! Which he pledges his sacred honour to maintain.  Though this 22nd is dark and gloomy; may that 22nd yet dawn which shall behold our unsullied banner floating in triumph over our Southern homes faned by the gentle zephyrs of Heaven.  I am glad to hear you are in such a high class.  I am in the 3rd Class (alias) Sophmores.  I have just commenced studying French, also.  I don't think it tis at all hard, on the other hand it is very easy.  I would rather read some some good novel, than bother my head about \"Je poole\".  Since the great disaster to our arms at Roanoke Island, and Fort Donalson, the Cadets have all tendered the services to Gov. Letcher.  I don't suppose he will except us.  We have not heard from him yet.  I wish he would accept us.  I think every one ought to be in the field.  I had no idea your school is as large, as you say.  We have three hundred here.  Tell Miss Georgiana (is that her name?) that Mr. Selden is here and a very pleasant young man.  Give my best love to Miss Georgia, complement her highly on her beautiful hand writing.  My room mates all agreed with me that she wrote a beautiful hand - would that I could write one half as good.  Tell me her name in your next.  I am bound to come down to see her, and close her from all your blushing roses, as the sweetest, the loveliest, the best.  We are going to have a grand dinner today, seventy-five turkeys to celebrate the 22nd.  We would have fired thirteen cannons this morning - but it was to wet.  Dandridge is not here. All are well at home when I last heard, they write you oftener than they do me.  Bose wrote me he was not going to enlist again, for some time.  You asked me to come up and see you Easter I wish I could.  I will not see you for two years.  I will not be allowed to go home next summer at all, unless I withdraw altogether.  Were I to stay here it would take me to years to graduate, which is a long long time.  I never cantemplate any thing of the kind now.  Times are so very uncertain, we realize now more than ever the quotation \"No man can tell what a day may bring forth\".  Well Kate I must close, write me very soon.  Love to Nannie and Misses -  \nand believe me your aff brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Ma said you were very homesick.  You should get over that.  The time will soon pass away and you will be home again.  The boys are having a splendid time in Martinsburg.  Miss Lottie and Miss Pink Bolten are up.  Jack H. and Miss Lottie are engaged cousin Fannie says.  Tom Harrison is now at home he is a Lieutenant.  We had splendid fire works here the night of the 22nd.  I never saw such beautiful ones in my life.  I am certainly sorry to hear of my class - mates death.  I think it cannot be so.  His death was certainly tragical.  He was staying at a friends house, lying on a sofa, when the husband and wife came in, and the later remarked, \"Oh, is he not handsome and bent over and kissed him.  Her husband immediately shot him.  However this may be I intend to address a letter to him. 18th Miss. Regt. Co. K. Leesburg Va. Ma complains of me not writing long letters, the same she says of you.  So you better write long letters in future.  I nevefr can think of anthing to write.  I wish the Cadets could have gone to Richmond the 22nd.  I should have liked much to have been present at the inauguration of our first President. Well Kate I have no time to spare tonight - so goodbye-  Love to all - your aff. Brother - \n John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nMarch 8th 1862","My Dear Sister. \nI rec'd a long letter this morning from Ma. She said the Federals had been in Martinsburg. They were not there when she wrote, but were daily expected over.  We having  no troops in town. The mail does not go to Martinsburg from Winchester. I don't know whether she will get my letter or not – very probably she will not. She said you and myself must not give ourselves any uneasiness about them all, at home. Ma says – she will get Aunt Liz to stay with her – and try and take care of themselves. Every one confidently expects the Hessians over.  When they came before, it was in the night. The citizens had the Court house bell rang. George Murphy and Mr. Hopkins went in a hurry to Darksville. Mr. Young came out to Uncle Williams and stayed that night.  Ma seems to have given up all hope of hearing from us soon.  Since the mail does not go to Martinsburg. She told me to direct to Winchester to be forwarded to Martinsburg. So you better do the same. Ma says she has heard the scarlet fever is at the University. She is very uneasy about you. You must write to me if you are sick, as Ma told me to go down and see you if you were sick. So write me immediately if you should be sick, which I hope you will not, notwithstanding I want to see you very much and a certain Miss --  at the Institute. I suppose you have not heard of the death of Mr. Dabney Harrison, he was killed in the battle at Fort Donalson.  He has fallen in a glorious cause, his friends should not weep. When the Federals came to Martinsburg, Aunt Susan's Polly came over with them. Two men in town arrested her, and sent word to Mr. H. who went to town, and got her, and took her in a great hurry to Winchester, where she is now in prison. I hope her capture will deter ours from running off. No doubt it was an agreeable surprise to Aunt Susan. Mr. H expects to be used roughly by the Federals for taking her out of town. He wrote me if the Yankees used him badly, he would join the army and be revenged. Well Kate I must close.  Give my love to Nannie and all other friends. Write me very often, as I am always glad to hear from you.   \nGoodbye yours aff. \nBrother (signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Ins. \nMarch 29th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd letter from Bose this morning. He was not in the bloody engagement near Winchester. He was not well enough to return to his company, is going back next week. He wrote me that none of his company were killed but heard that Arch Oden and Jack Harrison were missing. I hope this may not be so. It was only rumored. He does not know whether it is so or not. Ma, I expect is distressed to death about Bose thinking he was in the engagement and knows not but what he may have been killed. If Arch and Jack have been taken prisoner she may perhaps here better - hope she may I have heard today that Genl. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) has been largely reinforced. Hope it may be true, and that he will be able to drive off the Invaders from the soil of Virginia. If it is true that Genl. J (Stonewall Jackson) has been reinforced no doubt we will soon be able to hear from home,  Bose seems to enjoy himself very much in Staunton  he has become acquainted with several of the Cadets who have left the Institute and gone down to Staunton but who are now unable to get home. The Cadets are resigning very fast – but new ones come in today – every day – all think they ought to be in the army – any so do I think so – but we can't get off – if we should try. So we will have to remain – and as Genl J (Stonewall Jackson) much says – be soldiers in the next army – after the present one has been killed off. Have the students left the University? We have heard so. Well Kate I must close. Write me soon. I have no news to but you. Goodbye – love to Nannie \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 6th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd your letter several days ago. I would have answered it sooner but I knew you had not received my letter when you wrote – I heard from Bose yesterday. He is well – going back or rather by this time has gone back to his company – he said that Arch and Jack had reported back to their company.  I was sorry to learn that Joe McMarran was taken prisoner. He has been sent to Baltimore. I hope he will be treated kindly – his mother and sisters will be much distressed about him. I know how all in Martinsburg and how Ma feels about the boys – hope they will hear in some way that they are safe – I would not be surprised if Grand Ma has gotten home. Communication is of course open between Maryland, and that part of the valley now subject to the Yankee despotism. [?] Delaplane has been over to see them at home I suppose - he would come, if none of Uncle Johns family did.  I am sorry to see you are dissatisfied and long to be home. It is of course natural that you should feel in that way since you are deprived of hearing from home - don't despair, it may be a long time, before you can see home again - and it may be a short time - none can tell but I hope when we do hear, all will be right. Bose told me in his letter,  that his time in the army would be up - the eighteenth of April. He is coming to see me - on his way down to Capt Pelhorns company - I wouldn't stop much to go down with him - I went yesterday with several boys to explore a cave about 2 miles from the Institute. We went several hundred feet under the ground past through some of the most perfect rooms I ever saw. I believe no one has ever gone to the bottom of it - several boys have gone over today to go farther down in it than we went yesterday - Will H among the number - Well Kate I must close - Goodbye  Love to Nannie - write soon \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 29th 1862","Dear Sister \nI have just read your letter and now will answer it. Since I last wrote to you we have been constantly under a great state of excitement. Last Sunday the news came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton. Academic duties were suspended and our time was devoted to three drills a day – preparing ourselves to meet the invader, should he attempt to drive us away from the V.M.I. Genl Smith told us he intended to lead us out to meet them, if they came a thousand strong. He had provisions cooked for us as to take with us on our way to Lynchburg or Richmond if they came in too large a force for us to meet them. I assure you I was very sorry when I heard they were not coming to Staunton. Genl Smith wrote to Genl Jackson tendering him our services. Genl Jackson replied, that he would keep us as a reserve body.  That we could be of immense service to him and that he would call upon us when he wanted us – that we must keep ourselves constantly in readiness.  I do hope he will call upon us. It will be the proudest day of my life when we receive marching orders to defend our own homes against the invader.  I am not content to stay here, when the Old Dominion – The Mother of Statesmen and heroes is calling so loudly upon her sons to rally to her defense – when this bloody war is over. What a pleasure it will be to every son of Virginia to know that he was so manly and brave as to lay his life upon his countrys altar. Don't be surprised if you should see me in Charlottesville some of these pretty days. I am now waiting to hear from Bose, for permission to resign. Genl  S. will not accept my resignation without permission. Why are you so homesick – cheer up. It will not be long before you can get home.  If the great battle at Yorktown is fought – the Yankees will leave the valley quicker than they came into it!  Genl S told me yesterday they were falling back toward the Potomac – hope it is true. Genl Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) is not at Gordonsville he is in the neighbourhood of Harrisonburg – near the blue ridge. You are I suppose were very much excited when the cannon was sent back to Charlottesville. All were we could not study. Prof. told us they did not expect us to study. The young ladies at the Institute in Staunton came back to Lexington. Six stages loaded with passengers came from Staunton that Sunday evening. Should the Yankees get possession of Charlottesville, do what Miss L thinks best. As for myself I will go immediately to the army. When I wrote to you I could have gotten home by the counties I mentioned but I can't now. They are occupied by the Yankees .  Well Kate I must close   write to me often – I am always glad to hear from you. Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  J. B. Snodgrass ","Va. Mil. Institute \nMay 1st 1862","Dear Kate \nThe Corps of Cadets leave the Institute this morning to go to Staunton t reinforce Genl. Jackson. All of us are in fine spirits – anxious to get a shot at the enemy. I will mail this letter in Staunton. Goodbye. Don't be uneasy about me. I hope you may soon hear the enemy are leaving the valley.\nGoodbye\nYour. Aff. Brother \nJohn B. Snodgrass C. S. A. \nCo. D. Corps Cadets","Virginia Military Institute \nMay 18th 1862","Dear Kate \nWe returned to the V.M.I. yesterday after one of the most toilsome marches of 10 days ever endured by an army. After we left Staunton our hardships began. We marched every day without even a days rest for ten or twelve days always averaging 18 miles and often 20 and 25. One day the day of the battle at McDowell we marched forty miles -  marching from early in the morning until 2 or 3 in the night. We drove the enemy before us all the time. Genl Jacksons men were in the rear of the army so we did not get in the fight - the battle was fought by Genl Johnsons Army. I saw Bose very often. He endured the march very well. The Corps of Cadets were nearly all broken down - all were lame with sore feet. I could scarcely walk at times my feet hurt me so much.  Numbers of us threw our shoes away and walked barefoot, over some of the loftiest mountains in western Virginia I ever saw. For days we saw nothing but mountains, and often it rained hard - some nights I would lie down and in the morning I would get p with my clothes very wet. The Volunteers all say that march through Western Virginia was the hardest they have endured since the war. After we returned to Staunton we were dismissed.  Genl Jackson has gone down the valley, hope he will drive the Yankees across the Potomac.  I am anxiously awaiting the result of the great battle near Richmond.   If we defeat the Yankees, those in the valley will leave quicker than they came over - if we are defeated, the Yankees will take possession of all this part of Virginia. Then if you remain at your school you can get home -  you will then be within the Yankee lines. I saw all the boys - when I was gone - Jack is now Lieutenant in Nadenboushes company. He and Dick [D] are the only ones out of their mess who enlisted again in the company. I would like very much to get down to see you - I wanted to come down whilst I was in Staunton but could not get off. I heard Bose had gone to see you. If he had not I would have come any way. Well Kate I must close. I am both tired and sleepy. Excuse hasty and I have a miserable old pen – Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nJune 8th 1862","My dear sister \nI recd a letter yesterday from Bose. Whilst Genl. Jackson was in Winchester he succeeded in getting down home. He said all were well, and everything going on right. Grandma has gotten home. She looks remarkably well. Ma and Cousin Fannie have both been to Maryland. Our darkies behaved remarkably well. None of them left. The Yankees tried to persuade them to run away, they would not go. They told Bose he need not be uneasy, they did not intend to go. Ma has let Nancy live to herself, on account of her good conduct.  Mr. Thornburg has rented our farm. So you see Katy everything seems to be going on well – hope it will be so this time. I am sorry you and Nannie could not get home. You are both much better where you are. You won't catch me going home when the Yankees are about there. The New York Herald says Genl. Jackson has been reinforced by 2000 well drilled cadets. They are slightly mistaken in the number, we were not 200 strong.  They would arrest me if I were at home. I tried to get Genl. Smith to give me a furlough when the way home was open. He told me to wait until I got a letter. I have not recd any letter - think they might have written to us at any rate. Will got a very short letter from his Pa. Said the Yankees ran by our house like dogs in full run. You had better both stay at the Institute when the session is up. Do you graduate this year? Our school will close about the first of July. I don't know what I shall do yet! I will try and get down to see you when the session closes. Ma told Bose to tell me to stay at the V. M. I. said Uncle John had given her plenty of money. So you see you had better stay at your school when it closes. Bose says his regt. was the first to enter Winchester. He captured 2 new suits of clothes, and eat so many captured sweet meats that it made him sick. He [Jess] and Sam McM. have joined a new company. They are now in Staunton. George Murphy is also there.  I suppose Cousin Fannie and Ma were rejoiced when they saw the Yankees running so fast by the house. I should have been. Grandma is delighted I know to get home. I would like to see her. You must not be uneasy about home. All depends upon the fight at Richmond. If the Yankees are whipped there they must leave the Valley. Of course they will be. Give my love to Nannie. I will write to her soon. Write me by return mail. \nYour brother, John.","This collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards poor weather, the inaguration of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, French studies, and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters, the death of a classmate, and the desire to have been at Jefferson Davis' inaguration.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and news of the Federals being in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the desire for the cadets to fight in the Civil War and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and a trip with other cadets to explore a cave outside of Lexington.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards cadet preparations for war after the news \"came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton\" (Virginia). The letter also mentions that General Stonewall Jackson is \"keeping us [VMI cadets] as a reserve body\" and that John B. Snodgrass is actively working to resign from VMI.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the Corps of Cadets leaving VMI to go to Staunton, Virginia to reinforce General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards war activities in Staunton, Virginia, the march back to VMI, and general news about the war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards general news about the war and family matters.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Snodgrass family","Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0072","/repositories/3/resources/156"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"collection_ssim":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"creator_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"creators_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 items"],"extent_tesim":["9 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn B. Snodgrass letters are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1416\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters are avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Breathed Snodgrass was born in 1843 in Berkeley County, West Virginia. He is a non-graduate, VMI class of 1864. He later became a physician. Snodgrass died in 1908 in Martinsburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Breathed Snodgrass was born in 1843 in Berkeley County, West Virginia. He is a non-graduate, VMI class of 1864. He later became a physician. Snodgrass died in 1908 in Martinsburg, West Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Inst\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb 22nd 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nColonel Tate has decreed that I shan't go to Lexington, today, for tis raining hard, and I am forced to stay close to barracks.  My roommate and myself had intended to pay \"our respects\" to two young \"Misses\" but have thus been foiled.  Today above all others ought to have been bright and clear, as it tis the day on which our glorious President is to be inaugurated.  All honour to him; and to our glorious young Confederacy! Which he pledges his sacred honour to maintain.  Though this 22nd is dark and gloomy; may that 22nd yet dawn which shall behold our unsullied banner floating in triumph over our Southern homes faned by the gentle zephyrs of Heaven.  I am glad to hear you are in such a high class.  I am in the 3rd Class (alias) Sophmores.  I have just commenced studying French, also.  I don't think it tis at all hard, on the other hand it is very easy.  I would rather read some some good novel, than bother my head about \"Je poole\".  Since the great disaster to our arms at Roanoke Island, and Fort Donalson, the Cadets have all tendered the services to Gov. Letcher.  I don't suppose he will except us.  We have not heard from him yet.  I wish he would accept us.  I think every one ought to be in the field.  I had no idea your school is as large, as you say.  We have three hundred here.  Tell Miss Georgiana (is that her name?) that Mr. Selden is here and a very pleasant young man.  Give my best love to Miss Georgia, complement her highly on her beautiful hand writing.  My room mates all agreed with me that she wrote a beautiful hand - would that I could write one half as good.  Tell me her name in your next.  I am bound to come down to see her, and close her from all your blushing roses, as the sweetest, the loveliest, the best.  We are going to have a grand dinner today, seventy-five turkeys to celebrate the 22nd.  We would have fired thirteen cannons this morning - but it was to wet.  Dandridge is not here. All are well at home when I last heard, they write you oftener than they do me.  Bose wrote me he was not going to enlist again, for some time.  You asked me to come up and see you Easter I wish I could.  I will not see you for two years.  I will not be allowed to go home next summer at all, unless I withdraw altogether.  Were I to stay here it would take me to years to graduate, which is a long long time.  I never cantemplate any thing of the kind now.  Times are so very uncertain, we realize now more than ever the quotation \"No man can tell what a day may bring forth\".  Well Kate I must close, write me very soon.  Love to Nannie and Misses -\u003cbr\u003e \nand believe me your aff brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa said you were very homesick.  You should get over that.  The time will soon pass away and you will be home again.  The boys are having a splendid time in Martinsburg.  Miss Lottie and Miss Pink Bolten are up.  Jack H. and Miss Lottie are engaged cousin Fannie says.  Tom Harrison is now at home he is a Lieutenant.  We had splendid fire works here the night of the 22nd.  I never saw such beautiful ones in my life.  I am certainly sorry to hear of my class - mates death.  I think it cannot be so.  His death was certainly tragical.  He was staying at a friends house, lying on a sofa, when the husband and wife came in, and the later remarked, \"Oh, is he not handsome and bent over and kissed him.  Her husband immediately shot him.  However this may be I intend to address a letter to him. 18th Miss. Regt. Co. K. Leesburg Va. Ma complains of me not writing long letters, the same she says of you.  So you better write long letters in future.  I nevefr can think of anthing to write.  I wish the Cadets could have gone to Richmond the 22nd.  I should have liked much to have been present at the inauguration of our first President. Well Kate I have no time to spare tonight - so goodbye-\u003cbr\u003e Love to all - your aff. Brother -\u003cbr\u003e\n John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 8th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd a long letter this morning from Ma. She said the Federals had been in Martinsburg. They were not there when she wrote, but were daily expected over.  We having  no troops in town. The mail does not go to Martinsburg from Winchester. I don't know whether she will get my letter or not – very probably she will not. She said you and myself must not give ourselves any uneasiness about them all, at home. Ma says – she will get Aunt Liz to stay with her – and try and take care of themselves. Every one confidently expects the Hessians over.  When they came before, it was in the night. The citizens had the Court house bell rang. George Murphy and Mr. Hopkins went in a hurry to Darksville. Mr. Young came out to Uncle Williams and stayed that night.  Ma seems to have given up all hope of hearing from us soon.  Since the mail does not go to Martinsburg. She told me to direct to Winchester to be forwarded to Martinsburg. So you better do the same. Ma says she has heard the scarlet fever is at the University. She is very uneasy about you. You must write to me if you are sick, as Ma told me to go down and see you if you were sick. So write me immediately if you should be sick, which I hope you will not, notwithstanding I want to see you very much and a certain Miss --  at the Institute. I suppose you have not heard of the death of Mr. Dabney Harrison, he was killed in the battle at Fort Donalson.  He has fallen in a glorious cause, his friends should not weep. When the Federals came to Martinsburg, Aunt Susan's Polly came over with them. Two men in town arrested her, and sent word to Mr. H. who went to town, and got her, and took her in a great hurry to Winchester, where she is now in prison. I hope her capture will deter ours from running off. No doubt it was an agreeable surprise to Aunt Susan. Mr. H expects to be used roughly by the Federals for taking her out of town. He wrote me if the Yankees used him badly, he would join the army and be revenged. Well Kate I must close.  Give my love to Nannie and all other friends. Write me very often, as I am always glad to hear from you.\u003cbr\u003e  \nGoodbye yours aff.\u003cbr\u003e\nBrother (signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Ins.\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 29th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd letter from Bose this morning. He was not in the bloody engagement near Winchester. He was not well enough to return to his company, is going back next week. He wrote me that none of his company were killed but heard that Arch Oden and Jack Harrison were missing. I hope this may not be so. It was only rumored. He does not know whether it is so or not. Ma, I expect is distressed to death about Bose thinking he was in the engagement and knows not but what he may have been killed. If Arch and Jack have been taken prisoner she may perhaps here better - hope she may I have heard today that Genl. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) has been largely reinforced. Hope it may be true, and that he will be able to drive off the Invaders from the soil of Virginia. If it is true that Genl. J (Stonewall Jackson) has been reinforced no doubt we will soon be able to hear from home,  Bose seems to enjoy himself very much in Staunton  he has become acquainted with several of the Cadets who have left the Institute and gone down to Staunton but who are now unable to get home. The Cadets are resigning very fast – but new ones come in today – every day – all think they ought to be in the army – any so do I think so – but we can't get off – if we should try. So we will have to remain – and as Genl J (Stonewall Jackson) much says – be soldiers in the next army – after the present one has been killed off. Have the students left the University? We have heard so. Well Kate I must close. Write me soon. I have no news to but you. Goodbye – love to Nannie\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 6th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd your letter several days ago. I would have answered it sooner but I knew you had not received my letter when you wrote – I heard from Bose yesterday. He is well – going back or rather by this time has gone back to his company – he said that Arch and Jack had reported back to their company.  I was sorry to learn that Joe McMarran was taken prisoner. He has been sent to Baltimore. I hope he will be treated kindly – his mother and sisters will be much distressed about him. I know how all in Martinsburg and how Ma feels about the boys – hope they will hear in some way that they are safe – I would not be surprised if Grand Ma has gotten home. Communication is of course open between Maryland, and that part of the valley now subject to the Yankee despotism. [?] Delaplane has been over to see them at home I suppose - he would come, if none of Uncle Johns family did.  I am sorry to see you are dissatisfied and long to be home. It is of course natural that you should feel in that way since you are deprived of hearing from home - don't despair, it may be a long time, before you can see home again - and it may be a short time - none can tell but I hope when we do hear, all will be right. Bose told me in his letter,  that his time in the army would be up - the eighteenth of April. He is coming to see me - on his way down to Capt Pelhorns company - I wouldn't stop much to go down with him - I went yesterday with several boys to explore a cave about 2 miles from the Institute. We went several hundred feet under the ground past through some of the most perfect rooms I ever saw. I believe no one has ever gone to the bottom of it - several boys have gone over today to go farther down in it than we went yesterday - Will H among the number - Well Kate I must close - Goodbye  Love to Nannie - write soon\u003cbr\u003e\nYour aff. Brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 29th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI have just read your letter and now will answer it. Since I last wrote to you we have been constantly under a great state of excitement. Last Sunday the news came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton. Academic duties were suspended and our time was devoted to three drills a day – preparing ourselves to meet the invader, should he attempt to drive us away from the V.M.I. Genl Smith told us he intended to lead us out to meet them, if they came a thousand strong. He had provisions cooked for us as to take with us on our way to Lynchburg or Richmond if they came in too large a force for us to meet them. I assure you I was very sorry when I heard they were not coming to Staunton. Genl Smith wrote to Genl Jackson tendering him our services. Genl Jackson replied, that he would keep us as a reserve body.  That we could be of immense service to him and that he would call upon us when he wanted us – that we must keep ourselves constantly in readiness.  I do hope he will call upon us. It will be the proudest day of my life when we receive marching orders to defend our own homes against the invader.  I am not content to stay here, when the Old Dominion – The Mother of Statesmen and heroes is calling so loudly upon her sons to rally to her defense – when this bloody war is over. What a pleasure it will be to every son of Virginia to know that he was so manly and brave as to lay his life upon his countrys altar. Don't be surprised if you should see me in Charlottesville some of these pretty days. I am now waiting to hear from Bose, for permission to resign. Genl  S. will not accept my resignation without permission. Why are you so homesick – cheer up. It will not be long before you can get home.  If the great battle at Yorktown is fought – the Yankees will leave the valley quicker than they came into it!  Genl S told me yesterday they were falling back toward the Potomac – hope it is true. Genl Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) is not at Gordonsville he is in the neighbourhood of Harrisonburg – near the blue ridge. You are I suppose were very much excited when the cannon was sent back to Charlottesville. All were we could not study. Prof. told us they did not expect us to study. The young ladies at the Institute in Staunton came back to Lexington. Six stages loaded with passengers came from Staunton that Sunday evening. Should the Yankees get possession of Charlottesville, do what Miss L thinks best. As for myself I will go immediately to the army. When I wrote to you I could have gotten home by the counties I mentioned but I can't now. They are occupied by the Yankees .  Well Kate I must close   write to me often – I am always glad to hear from you. Love to Nannie. Goodbye\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  J. B. Snodgrass \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVa. Mil. Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 1st 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Corps of Cadets leave the Institute this morning to go to Staunton t reinforce Genl. Jackson. All of us are in fine spirits – anxious to get a shot at the enemy. I will mail this letter in Staunton. Goodbye. Don't be uneasy about me. I hope you may soon hear the enemy are leaving the valley.\nGoodbye\nYour. Aff. Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn B. Snodgrass C. S. A.\u003cbr\u003e\nCo. D. Corps Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 18th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nWe returned to the V.M.I. yesterday after one of the most toilsome marches of 10 days ever endured by an army. After we left Staunton our hardships began. We marched every day without even a days rest for ten or twelve days always averaging 18 miles and often 20 and 25. One day the day of the battle at McDowell we marched forty miles -  marching from early in the morning until 2 or 3 in the night. We drove the enemy before us all the time. Genl Jacksons men were in the rear of the army so we did not get in the fight - the battle was fought by Genl Johnsons Army. I saw Bose very often. He endured the march very well. The Corps of Cadets were nearly all broken down - all were lame with sore feet. I could scarcely walk at times my feet hurt me so much.  Numbers of us threw our shoes away and walked barefoot, over some of the loftiest mountains in western Virginia I ever saw. For days we saw nothing but mountains, and often it rained hard - some nights I would lie down and in the morning I would get p with my clothes very wet. The Volunteers all say that march through Western Virginia was the hardest they have endured since the war. After we returned to Staunton we were dismissed.  Genl Jackson has gone down the valley, hope he will drive the Yankees across the Potomac.  I am anxiously awaiting the result of the great battle near Richmond.   If we defeat the Yankees, those in the valley will leave quicker than they came over - if we are defeated, the Yankees will take possession of all this part of Virginia. Then if you remain at your school you can get home -  you will then be within the Yankee lines. I saw all the boys - when I was gone - Jack is now Lieutenant in Nadenboushes company. He and Dick [D] are the only ones out of their mess who enlisted again in the company. I would like very much to get down to see you - I wanted to come down whilst I was in Staunton but could not get off. I heard Bose had gone to see you. If he had not I would have come any way. Well Kate I must close. I am both tired and sleepy. Excuse hasty and I have a miserable old pen – Love to Nannie. Goodbye\u003cbr\u003e\nYour aff. Brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 8th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI recd a letter yesterday from Bose. Whilst Genl. Jackson was in Winchester he succeeded in getting down home. He said all were well, and everything going on right. Grandma has gotten home. She looks remarkably well. Ma and Cousin Fannie have both been to Maryland. Our darkies behaved remarkably well. None of them left. The Yankees tried to persuade them to run away, they would not go. They told Bose he need not be uneasy, they did not intend to go. Ma has let Nancy live to herself, on account of her good conduct.  Mr. Thornburg has rented our farm. So you see Katy everything seems to be going on well – hope it will be so this time. I am sorry you and Nannie could not get home. You are both much better where you are. You won't catch me going home when the Yankees are about there. The New York Herald says Genl. Jackson has been reinforced by 2000 well drilled cadets. They are slightly mistaken in the number, we were not 200 strong.  They would arrest me if I were at home. I tried to get Genl. Smith to give me a furlough when the way home was open. He told me to wait until I got a letter. I have not recd any letter - think they might have written to us at any rate. Will got a very short letter from his Pa. Said the Yankees ran by our house like dogs in full run. You had better both stay at the Institute when the session is up. Do you graduate this year? Our school will close about the first of July. I don't know what I shall do yet! I will try and get down to see you when the session closes. Ma told Bose to tell me to stay at the V. M. I. said Uncle John had given her plenty of money. So you see you had better stay at your school when it closes. Bose says his regt. was the first to enter Winchester. He captured 2 new suits of clothes, and eat so many captured sweet meats that it made him sick. He [Jess] and Sam McM. have joined a new company. They are now in Staunton. George Murphy is also there.  I suppose Cousin Fannie and Ma were rejoiced when they saw the Yankees running so fast by the house. I should have been. Grandma is delighted I know to get home. I would like to see her. You must not be uneasy about home. All depends upon the fight at Richmond. If the Yankees are whipped there they must leave the Valley. Of course they will be. Give my love to Nannie. I will write to her soon. Write me by return mail.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother, John.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","General","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Inst \nFeb 22nd 1862","My Dear Sister, \nColonel Tate has decreed that I shan't go to Lexington, today, for tis raining hard, and I am forced to stay close to barracks.  My roommate and myself had intended to pay \"our respects\" to two young \"Misses\" but have thus been foiled.  Today above all others ought to have been bright and clear, as it tis the day on which our glorious President is to be inaugurated.  All honour to him; and to our glorious young Confederacy! Which he pledges his sacred honour to maintain.  Though this 22nd is dark and gloomy; may that 22nd yet dawn which shall behold our unsullied banner floating in triumph over our Southern homes faned by the gentle zephyrs of Heaven.  I am glad to hear you are in such a high class.  I am in the 3rd Class (alias) Sophmores.  I have just commenced studying French, also.  I don't think it tis at all hard, on the other hand it is very easy.  I would rather read some some good novel, than bother my head about \"Je poole\".  Since the great disaster to our arms at Roanoke Island, and Fort Donalson, the Cadets have all tendered the services to Gov. Letcher.  I don't suppose he will except us.  We have not heard from him yet.  I wish he would accept us.  I think every one ought to be in the field.  I had no idea your school is as large, as you say.  We have three hundred here.  Tell Miss Georgiana (is that her name?) that Mr. Selden is here and a very pleasant young man.  Give my best love to Miss Georgia, complement her highly on her beautiful hand writing.  My room mates all agreed with me that she wrote a beautiful hand - would that I could write one half as good.  Tell me her name in your next.  I am bound to come down to see her, and close her from all your blushing roses, as the sweetest, the loveliest, the best.  We are going to have a grand dinner today, seventy-five turkeys to celebrate the 22nd.  We would have fired thirteen cannons this morning - but it was to wet.  Dandridge is not here. All are well at home when I last heard, they write you oftener than they do me.  Bose wrote me he was not going to enlist again, for some time.  You asked me to come up and see you Easter I wish I could.  I will not see you for two years.  I will not be allowed to go home next summer at all, unless I withdraw altogether.  Were I to stay here it would take me to years to graduate, which is a long long time.  I never cantemplate any thing of the kind now.  Times are so very uncertain, we realize now more than ever the quotation \"No man can tell what a day may bring forth\".  Well Kate I must close, write me very soon.  Love to Nannie and Misses -  \nand believe me your aff brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Ma said you were very homesick.  You should get over that.  The time will soon pass away and you will be home again.  The boys are having a splendid time in Martinsburg.  Miss Lottie and Miss Pink Bolten are up.  Jack H. and Miss Lottie are engaged cousin Fannie says.  Tom Harrison is now at home he is a Lieutenant.  We had splendid fire works here the night of the 22nd.  I never saw such beautiful ones in my life.  I am certainly sorry to hear of my class - mates death.  I think it cannot be so.  His death was certainly tragical.  He was staying at a friends house, lying on a sofa, when the husband and wife came in, and the later remarked, \"Oh, is he not handsome and bent over and kissed him.  Her husband immediately shot him.  However this may be I intend to address a letter to him. 18th Miss. Regt. Co. K. Leesburg Va. Ma complains of me not writing long letters, the same she says of you.  So you better write long letters in future.  I nevefr can think of anthing to write.  I wish the Cadets could have gone to Richmond the 22nd.  I should have liked much to have been present at the inauguration of our first President. Well Kate I have no time to spare tonight - so goodbye-  Love to all - your aff. Brother - \n John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nMarch 8th 1862","My Dear Sister. \nI rec'd a long letter this morning from Ma. She said the Federals had been in Martinsburg. They were not there when she wrote, but were daily expected over.  We having  no troops in town. The mail does not go to Martinsburg from Winchester. I don't know whether she will get my letter or not – very probably she will not. She said you and myself must not give ourselves any uneasiness about them all, at home. Ma says – she will get Aunt Liz to stay with her – and try and take care of themselves. Every one confidently expects the Hessians over.  When they came before, it was in the night. The citizens had the Court house bell rang. George Murphy and Mr. Hopkins went in a hurry to Darksville. Mr. Young came out to Uncle Williams and stayed that night.  Ma seems to have given up all hope of hearing from us soon.  Since the mail does not go to Martinsburg. She told me to direct to Winchester to be forwarded to Martinsburg. So you better do the same. Ma says she has heard the scarlet fever is at the University. She is very uneasy about you. You must write to me if you are sick, as Ma told me to go down and see you if you were sick. So write me immediately if you should be sick, which I hope you will not, notwithstanding I want to see you very much and a certain Miss --  at the Institute. I suppose you have not heard of the death of Mr. Dabney Harrison, he was killed in the battle at Fort Donalson.  He has fallen in a glorious cause, his friends should not weep. When the Federals came to Martinsburg, Aunt Susan's Polly came over with them. Two men in town arrested her, and sent word to Mr. H. who went to town, and got her, and took her in a great hurry to Winchester, where she is now in prison. I hope her capture will deter ours from running off. No doubt it was an agreeable surprise to Aunt Susan. Mr. H expects to be used roughly by the Federals for taking her out of town. He wrote me if the Yankees used him badly, he would join the army and be revenged. Well Kate I must close.  Give my love to Nannie and all other friends. Write me very often, as I am always glad to hear from you.   \nGoodbye yours aff. \nBrother (signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Ins. \nMarch 29th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd letter from Bose this morning. He was not in the bloody engagement near Winchester. He was not well enough to return to his company, is going back next week. He wrote me that none of his company were killed but heard that Arch Oden and Jack Harrison were missing. I hope this may not be so. It was only rumored. He does not know whether it is so or not. Ma, I expect is distressed to death about Bose thinking he was in the engagement and knows not but what he may have been killed. If Arch and Jack have been taken prisoner she may perhaps here better - hope she may I have heard today that Genl. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) has been largely reinforced. Hope it may be true, and that he will be able to drive off the Invaders from the soil of Virginia. If it is true that Genl. J (Stonewall Jackson) has been reinforced no doubt we will soon be able to hear from home,  Bose seems to enjoy himself very much in Staunton  he has become acquainted with several of the Cadets who have left the Institute and gone down to Staunton but who are now unable to get home. The Cadets are resigning very fast – but new ones come in today – every day – all think they ought to be in the army – any so do I think so – but we can't get off – if we should try. So we will have to remain – and as Genl J (Stonewall Jackson) much says – be soldiers in the next army – after the present one has been killed off. Have the students left the University? We have heard so. Well Kate I must close. Write me soon. I have no news to but you. Goodbye – love to Nannie \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 6th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd your letter several days ago. I would have answered it sooner but I knew you had not received my letter when you wrote – I heard from Bose yesterday. He is well – going back or rather by this time has gone back to his company – he said that Arch and Jack had reported back to their company.  I was sorry to learn that Joe McMarran was taken prisoner. He has been sent to Baltimore. I hope he will be treated kindly – his mother and sisters will be much distressed about him. I know how all in Martinsburg and how Ma feels about the boys – hope they will hear in some way that they are safe – I would not be surprised if Grand Ma has gotten home. Communication is of course open between Maryland, and that part of the valley now subject to the Yankee despotism. [?] Delaplane has been over to see them at home I suppose - he would come, if none of Uncle Johns family did.  I am sorry to see you are dissatisfied and long to be home. It is of course natural that you should feel in that way since you are deprived of hearing from home - don't despair, it may be a long time, before you can see home again - and it may be a short time - none can tell but I hope when we do hear, all will be right. Bose told me in his letter,  that his time in the army would be up - the eighteenth of April. He is coming to see me - on his way down to Capt Pelhorns company - I wouldn't stop much to go down with him - I went yesterday with several boys to explore a cave about 2 miles from the Institute. We went several hundred feet under the ground past through some of the most perfect rooms I ever saw. I believe no one has ever gone to the bottom of it - several boys have gone over today to go farther down in it than we went yesterday - Will H among the number - Well Kate I must close - Goodbye  Love to Nannie - write soon \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 29th 1862","Dear Sister \nI have just read your letter and now will answer it. Since I last wrote to you we have been constantly under a great state of excitement. Last Sunday the news came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton. Academic duties were suspended and our time was devoted to three drills a day – preparing ourselves to meet the invader, should he attempt to drive us away from the V.M.I. Genl Smith told us he intended to lead us out to meet them, if they came a thousand strong. He had provisions cooked for us as to take with us on our way to Lynchburg or Richmond if they came in too large a force for us to meet them. I assure you I was very sorry when I heard they were not coming to Staunton. Genl Smith wrote to Genl Jackson tendering him our services. Genl Jackson replied, that he would keep us as a reserve body.  That we could be of immense service to him and that he would call upon us when he wanted us – that we must keep ourselves constantly in readiness.  I do hope he will call upon us. It will be the proudest day of my life when we receive marching orders to defend our own homes against the invader.  I am not content to stay here, when the Old Dominion – The Mother of Statesmen and heroes is calling so loudly upon her sons to rally to her defense – when this bloody war is over. What a pleasure it will be to every son of Virginia to know that he was so manly and brave as to lay his life upon his countrys altar. Don't be surprised if you should see me in Charlottesville some of these pretty days. I am now waiting to hear from Bose, for permission to resign. Genl  S. will not accept my resignation without permission. Why are you so homesick – cheer up. It will not be long before you can get home.  If the great battle at Yorktown is fought – the Yankees will leave the valley quicker than they came into it!  Genl S told me yesterday they were falling back toward the Potomac – hope it is true. Genl Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) is not at Gordonsville he is in the neighbourhood of Harrisonburg – near the blue ridge. You are I suppose were very much excited when the cannon was sent back to Charlottesville. All were we could not study. Prof. told us they did not expect us to study. The young ladies at the Institute in Staunton came back to Lexington. Six stages loaded with passengers came from Staunton that Sunday evening. Should the Yankees get possession of Charlottesville, do what Miss L thinks best. As for myself I will go immediately to the army. When I wrote to you I could have gotten home by the counties I mentioned but I can't now. They are occupied by the Yankees .  Well Kate I must close   write to me often – I am always glad to hear from you. Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  J. B. Snodgrass ","Va. Mil. Institute \nMay 1st 1862","Dear Kate \nThe Corps of Cadets leave the Institute this morning to go to Staunton t reinforce Genl. Jackson. All of us are in fine spirits – anxious to get a shot at the enemy. I will mail this letter in Staunton. Goodbye. Don't be uneasy about me. I hope you may soon hear the enemy are leaving the valley.\nGoodbye\nYour. Aff. Brother \nJohn B. Snodgrass C. S. A. \nCo. D. Corps Cadets","Virginia Military Institute \nMay 18th 1862","Dear Kate \nWe returned to the V.M.I. yesterday after one of the most toilsome marches of 10 days ever endured by an army. After we left Staunton our hardships began. We marched every day without even a days rest for ten or twelve days always averaging 18 miles and often 20 and 25. One day the day of the battle at McDowell we marched forty miles -  marching from early in the morning until 2 or 3 in the night. We drove the enemy before us all the time. Genl Jacksons men were in the rear of the army so we did not get in the fight - the battle was fought by Genl Johnsons Army. I saw Bose very often. He endured the march very well. The Corps of Cadets were nearly all broken down - all were lame with sore feet. I could scarcely walk at times my feet hurt me so much.  Numbers of us threw our shoes away and walked barefoot, over some of the loftiest mountains in western Virginia I ever saw. For days we saw nothing but mountains, and often it rained hard - some nights I would lie down and in the morning I would get p with my clothes very wet. The Volunteers all say that march through Western Virginia was the hardest they have endured since the war. After we returned to Staunton we were dismissed.  Genl Jackson has gone down the valley, hope he will drive the Yankees across the Potomac.  I am anxiously awaiting the result of the great battle near Richmond.   If we defeat the Yankees, those in the valley will leave quicker than they came over - if we are defeated, the Yankees will take possession of all this part of Virginia. Then if you remain at your school you can get home -  you will then be within the Yankee lines. I saw all the boys - when I was gone - Jack is now Lieutenant in Nadenboushes company. He and Dick [D] are the only ones out of their mess who enlisted again in the company. I would like very much to get down to see you - I wanted to come down whilst I was in Staunton but could not get off. I heard Bose had gone to see you. If he had not I would have come any way. Well Kate I must close. I am both tired and sleepy. Excuse hasty and I have a miserable old pen – Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nJune 8th 1862","My dear sister \nI recd a letter yesterday from Bose. Whilst Genl. Jackson was in Winchester he succeeded in getting down home. He said all were well, and everything going on right. Grandma has gotten home. She looks remarkably well. Ma and Cousin Fannie have both been to Maryland. Our darkies behaved remarkably well. None of them left. The Yankees tried to persuade them to run away, they would not go. They told Bose he need not be uneasy, they did not intend to go. Ma has let Nancy live to herself, on account of her good conduct.  Mr. Thornburg has rented our farm. So you see Katy everything seems to be going on well – hope it will be so this time. I am sorry you and Nannie could not get home. You are both much better where you are. You won't catch me going home when the Yankees are about there. The New York Herald says Genl. Jackson has been reinforced by 2000 well drilled cadets. They are slightly mistaken in the number, we were not 200 strong.  They would arrest me if I were at home. I tried to get Genl. Smith to give me a furlough when the way home was open. He told me to wait until I got a letter. I have not recd any letter - think they might have written to us at any rate. Will got a very short letter from his Pa. Said the Yankees ran by our house like dogs in full run. You had better both stay at the Institute when the session is up. Do you graduate this year? Our school will close about the first of July. I don't know what I shall do yet! I will try and get down to see you when the session closes. Ma told Bose to tell me to stay at the V. M. I. said Uncle John had given her plenty of money. So you see you had better stay at your school when it closes. Bose says his regt. was the first to enter Winchester. He captured 2 new suits of clothes, and eat so many captured sweet meats that it made him sick. He [Jess] and Sam McM. have joined a new company. They are now in Staunton. George Murphy is also there.  I suppose Cousin Fannie and Ma were rejoiced when they saw the Yankees running so fast by the house. I should have been. Grandma is delighted I know to get home. I would like to see her. You must not be uneasy about home. All depends upon the fight at Richmond. If the Yankees are whipped there they must leave the Valley. Of course they will be. Give my love to Nannie. I will write to her soon. Write me by return mail. \nYour brother, John."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn B. Snodgrass letters, 1862. MS 0072. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters, 1862. MS 0072. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards poor weather, the inaguration of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, French studies, and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters, the death of a classmate, and the desire to have been at Jefferson Davis' inaguration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and news of the Federals being in Martinsburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the desire for the cadets to fight in the Civil War and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and a trip with other cadets to explore a cave outside of Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards cadet preparations for war after the news \"came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton\" (Virginia). The letter also mentions that General Stonewall Jackson is \"keeping us [VMI cadets] as a reserve body\" and that John B. Snodgrass is actively working to resign from VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the Corps of Cadets leaving VMI to go to Staunton, Virginia to reinforce General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards war activities in Staunton, Virginia, the march back to VMI, and general news about the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards general news about the war and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards poor weather, the inaguration of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, French studies, and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters, the death of a classmate, and the desire to have been at Jefferson Davis' inaguration.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and news of the Federals being in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the desire for the cadets to fight in the Civil War and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and a trip with other cadets to explore a cave outside of Lexington.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards cadet preparations for war after the news \"came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton\" (Virginia). The letter also mentions that General Stonewall Jackson is \"keeping us [VMI cadets] as a reserve body\" and that John B. Snodgrass is actively working to resign from VMI.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the Corps of Cadets leaving VMI to go to Staunton, Virginia to reinforce General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards war activities in Staunton, Virginia, the march back to VMI, and general news about the war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards general news about the war and family matters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cdf6e8e8607cb3a6eb303bde6b4ed848\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Snodgrass family","Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Snodgrass family","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"famname_ssim":["Snodgrass family"],"persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_156.xml","title_ssm":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"title_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0072","/repositories/3/resources/156"],"text":["MS.0072","/repositories/3/resources/156","John B. Snodgrass letters","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","John B. Snodgrass letters are avaliable  online .","John Breathed Snodgrass was born in 1843 in Berkeley County, West Virginia. He is a non-graduate, VMI class of 1864. He later became a physician. Snodgrass died in 1908 in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","Virginia Military Inst \nFeb 22nd 1862","My Dear Sister, \nColonel Tate has decreed that I shan't go to Lexington, today, for tis raining hard, and I am forced to stay close to barracks.  My roommate and myself had intended to pay \"our respects\" to two young \"Misses\" but have thus been foiled.  Today above all others ought to have been bright and clear, as it tis the day on which our glorious President is to be inaugurated.  All honour to him; and to our glorious young Confederacy! Which he pledges his sacred honour to maintain.  Though this 22nd is dark and gloomy; may that 22nd yet dawn which shall behold our unsullied banner floating in triumph over our Southern homes faned by the gentle zephyrs of Heaven.  I am glad to hear you are in such a high class.  I am in the 3rd Class (alias) Sophmores.  I have just commenced studying French, also.  I don't think it tis at all hard, on the other hand it is very easy.  I would rather read some some good novel, than bother my head about \"Je poole\".  Since the great disaster to our arms at Roanoke Island, and Fort Donalson, the Cadets have all tendered the services to Gov. Letcher.  I don't suppose he will except us.  We have not heard from him yet.  I wish he would accept us.  I think every one ought to be in the field.  I had no idea your school is as large, as you say.  We have three hundred here.  Tell Miss Georgiana (is that her name?) that Mr. Selden is here and a very pleasant young man.  Give my best love to Miss Georgia, complement her highly on her beautiful hand writing.  My room mates all agreed with me that she wrote a beautiful hand - would that I could write one half as good.  Tell me her name in your next.  I am bound to come down to see her, and close her from all your blushing roses, as the sweetest, the loveliest, the best.  We are going to have a grand dinner today, seventy-five turkeys to celebrate the 22nd.  We would have fired thirteen cannons this morning - but it was to wet.  Dandridge is not here. All are well at home when I last heard, they write you oftener than they do me.  Bose wrote me he was not going to enlist again, for some time.  You asked me to come up and see you Easter I wish I could.  I will not see you for two years.  I will not be allowed to go home next summer at all, unless I withdraw altogether.  Were I to stay here it would take me to years to graduate, which is a long long time.  I never cantemplate any thing of the kind now.  Times are so very uncertain, we realize now more than ever the quotation \"No man can tell what a day may bring forth\".  Well Kate I must close, write me very soon.  Love to Nannie and Misses -  \nand believe me your aff brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Ma said you were very homesick.  You should get over that.  The time will soon pass away and you will be home again.  The boys are having a splendid time in Martinsburg.  Miss Lottie and Miss Pink Bolten are up.  Jack H. and Miss Lottie are engaged cousin Fannie says.  Tom Harrison is now at home he is a Lieutenant.  We had splendid fire works here the night of the 22nd.  I never saw such beautiful ones in my life.  I am certainly sorry to hear of my class - mates death.  I think it cannot be so.  His death was certainly tragical.  He was staying at a friends house, lying on a sofa, when the husband and wife came in, and the later remarked, \"Oh, is he not handsome and bent over and kissed him.  Her husband immediately shot him.  However this may be I intend to address a letter to him. 18th Miss. Regt. Co. K. Leesburg Va. Ma complains of me not writing long letters, the same she says of you.  So you better write long letters in future.  I nevefr can think of anthing to write.  I wish the Cadets could have gone to Richmond the 22nd.  I should have liked much to have been present at the inauguration of our first President. Well Kate I have no time to spare tonight - so goodbye-  Love to all - your aff. Brother - \n John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nMarch 8th 1862","My Dear Sister. \nI rec'd a long letter this morning from Ma. She said the Federals had been in Martinsburg. They were not there when she wrote, but were daily expected over.  We having  no troops in town. The mail does not go to Martinsburg from Winchester. I don't know whether she will get my letter or not – very probably she will not. She said you and myself must not give ourselves any uneasiness about them all, at home. Ma says – she will get Aunt Liz to stay with her – and try and take care of themselves. Every one confidently expects the Hessians over.  When they came before, it was in the night. The citizens had the Court house bell rang. George Murphy and Mr. Hopkins went in a hurry to Darksville. Mr. Young came out to Uncle Williams and stayed that night.  Ma seems to have given up all hope of hearing from us soon.  Since the mail does not go to Martinsburg. She told me to direct to Winchester to be forwarded to Martinsburg. So you better do the same. Ma says she has heard the scarlet fever is at the University. She is very uneasy about you. You must write to me if you are sick, as Ma told me to go down and see you if you were sick. So write me immediately if you should be sick, which I hope you will not, notwithstanding I want to see you very much and a certain Miss --  at the Institute. I suppose you have not heard of the death of Mr. Dabney Harrison, he was killed in the battle at Fort Donalson.  He has fallen in a glorious cause, his friends should not weep. When the Federals came to Martinsburg, Aunt Susan's Polly came over with them. Two men in town arrested her, and sent word to Mr. H. who went to town, and got her, and took her in a great hurry to Winchester, where she is now in prison. I hope her capture will deter ours from running off. No doubt it was an agreeable surprise to Aunt Susan. Mr. H expects to be used roughly by the Federals for taking her out of town. He wrote me if the Yankees used him badly, he would join the army and be revenged. Well Kate I must close.  Give my love to Nannie and all other friends. Write me very often, as I am always glad to hear from you.   \nGoodbye yours aff. \nBrother (signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Ins. \nMarch 29th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd letter from Bose this morning. He was not in the bloody engagement near Winchester. He was not well enough to return to his company, is going back next week. He wrote me that none of his company were killed but heard that Arch Oden and Jack Harrison were missing. I hope this may not be so. It was only rumored. He does not know whether it is so or not. Ma, I expect is distressed to death about Bose thinking he was in the engagement and knows not but what he may have been killed. If Arch and Jack have been taken prisoner she may perhaps here better - hope she may I have heard today that Genl. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) has been largely reinforced. Hope it may be true, and that he will be able to drive off the Invaders from the soil of Virginia. If it is true that Genl. J (Stonewall Jackson) has been reinforced no doubt we will soon be able to hear from home,  Bose seems to enjoy himself very much in Staunton  he has become acquainted with several of the Cadets who have left the Institute and gone down to Staunton but who are now unable to get home. The Cadets are resigning very fast – but new ones come in today – every day – all think they ought to be in the army – any so do I think so – but we can't get off – if we should try. So we will have to remain – and as Genl J (Stonewall Jackson) much says – be soldiers in the next army – after the present one has been killed off. Have the students left the University? We have heard so. Well Kate I must close. Write me soon. I have no news to but you. Goodbye – love to Nannie \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 6th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd your letter several days ago. I would have answered it sooner but I knew you had not received my letter when you wrote – I heard from Bose yesterday. He is well – going back or rather by this time has gone back to his company – he said that Arch and Jack had reported back to their company.  I was sorry to learn that Joe McMarran was taken prisoner. He has been sent to Baltimore. I hope he will be treated kindly – his mother and sisters will be much distressed about him. I know how all in Martinsburg and how Ma feels about the boys – hope they will hear in some way that they are safe – I would not be surprised if Grand Ma has gotten home. Communication is of course open between Maryland, and that part of the valley now subject to the Yankee despotism. [?] Delaplane has been over to see them at home I suppose - he would come, if none of Uncle Johns family did.  I am sorry to see you are dissatisfied and long to be home. It is of course natural that you should feel in that way since you are deprived of hearing from home - don't despair, it may be a long time, before you can see home again - and it may be a short time - none can tell but I hope when we do hear, all will be right. Bose told me in his letter,  that his time in the army would be up - the eighteenth of April. He is coming to see me - on his way down to Capt Pelhorns company - I wouldn't stop much to go down with him - I went yesterday with several boys to explore a cave about 2 miles from the Institute. We went several hundred feet under the ground past through some of the most perfect rooms I ever saw. I believe no one has ever gone to the bottom of it - several boys have gone over today to go farther down in it than we went yesterday - Will H among the number - Well Kate I must close - Goodbye  Love to Nannie - write soon \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 29th 1862","Dear Sister \nI have just read your letter and now will answer it. Since I last wrote to you we have been constantly under a great state of excitement. Last Sunday the news came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton. Academic duties were suspended and our time was devoted to three drills a day – preparing ourselves to meet the invader, should he attempt to drive us away from the V.M.I. Genl Smith told us he intended to lead us out to meet them, if they came a thousand strong. He had provisions cooked for us as to take with us on our way to Lynchburg or Richmond if they came in too large a force for us to meet them. I assure you I was very sorry when I heard they were not coming to Staunton. Genl Smith wrote to Genl Jackson tendering him our services. Genl Jackson replied, that he would keep us as a reserve body.  That we could be of immense service to him and that he would call upon us when he wanted us – that we must keep ourselves constantly in readiness.  I do hope he will call upon us. It will be the proudest day of my life when we receive marching orders to defend our own homes against the invader.  I am not content to stay here, when the Old Dominion – The Mother of Statesmen and heroes is calling so loudly upon her sons to rally to her defense – when this bloody war is over. What a pleasure it will be to every son of Virginia to know that he was so manly and brave as to lay his life upon his countrys altar. Don't be surprised if you should see me in Charlottesville some of these pretty days. I am now waiting to hear from Bose, for permission to resign. Genl  S. will not accept my resignation without permission. Why are you so homesick – cheer up. It will not be long before you can get home.  If the great battle at Yorktown is fought – the Yankees will leave the valley quicker than they came into it!  Genl S told me yesterday they were falling back toward the Potomac – hope it is true. Genl Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) is not at Gordonsville he is in the neighbourhood of Harrisonburg – near the blue ridge. You are I suppose were very much excited when the cannon was sent back to Charlottesville. All were we could not study. Prof. told us they did not expect us to study. The young ladies at the Institute in Staunton came back to Lexington. Six stages loaded with passengers came from Staunton that Sunday evening. Should the Yankees get possession of Charlottesville, do what Miss L thinks best. As for myself I will go immediately to the army. When I wrote to you I could have gotten home by the counties I mentioned but I can't now. They are occupied by the Yankees .  Well Kate I must close   write to me often – I am always glad to hear from you. Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  J. B. Snodgrass ","Va. Mil. Institute \nMay 1st 1862","Dear Kate \nThe Corps of Cadets leave the Institute this morning to go to Staunton t reinforce Genl. Jackson. All of us are in fine spirits – anxious to get a shot at the enemy. I will mail this letter in Staunton. Goodbye. Don't be uneasy about me. I hope you may soon hear the enemy are leaving the valley.\nGoodbye\nYour. Aff. Brother \nJohn B. Snodgrass C. S. A. \nCo. D. Corps Cadets","Virginia Military Institute \nMay 18th 1862","Dear Kate \nWe returned to the V.M.I. yesterday after one of the most toilsome marches of 10 days ever endured by an army. After we left Staunton our hardships began. We marched every day without even a days rest for ten or twelve days always averaging 18 miles and often 20 and 25. One day the day of the battle at McDowell we marched forty miles -  marching from early in the morning until 2 or 3 in the night. We drove the enemy before us all the time. Genl Jacksons men were in the rear of the army so we did not get in the fight - the battle was fought by Genl Johnsons Army. I saw Bose very often. He endured the march very well. The Corps of Cadets were nearly all broken down - all were lame with sore feet. I could scarcely walk at times my feet hurt me so much.  Numbers of us threw our shoes away and walked barefoot, over some of the loftiest mountains in western Virginia I ever saw. For days we saw nothing but mountains, and often it rained hard - some nights I would lie down and in the morning I would get p with my clothes very wet. The Volunteers all say that march through Western Virginia was the hardest they have endured since the war. After we returned to Staunton we were dismissed.  Genl Jackson has gone down the valley, hope he will drive the Yankees across the Potomac.  I am anxiously awaiting the result of the great battle near Richmond.   If we defeat the Yankees, those in the valley will leave quicker than they came over - if we are defeated, the Yankees will take possession of all this part of Virginia. Then if you remain at your school you can get home -  you will then be within the Yankee lines. I saw all the boys - when I was gone - Jack is now Lieutenant in Nadenboushes company. He and Dick [D] are the only ones out of their mess who enlisted again in the company. I would like very much to get down to see you - I wanted to come down whilst I was in Staunton but could not get off. I heard Bose had gone to see you. If he had not I would have come any way. Well Kate I must close. I am both tired and sleepy. Excuse hasty and I have a miserable old pen – Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nJune 8th 1862","My dear sister \nI recd a letter yesterday from Bose. Whilst Genl. Jackson was in Winchester he succeeded in getting down home. He said all were well, and everything going on right. Grandma has gotten home. She looks remarkably well. Ma and Cousin Fannie have both been to Maryland. Our darkies behaved remarkably well. None of them left. The Yankees tried to persuade them to run away, they would not go. They told Bose he need not be uneasy, they did not intend to go. Ma has let Nancy live to herself, on account of her good conduct.  Mr. Thornburg has rented our farm. So you see Katy everything seems to be going on well – hope it will be so this time. I am sorry you and Nannie could not get home. You are both much better where you are. You won't catch me going home when the Yankees are about there. The New York Herald says Genl. Jackson has been reinforced by 2000 well drilled cadets. They are slightly mistaken in the number, we were not 200 strong.  They would arrest me if I were at home. I tried to get Genl. Smith to give me a furlough when the way home was open. He told me to wait until I got a letter. I have not recd any letter - think they might have written to us at any rate. Will got a very short letter from his Pa. Said the Yankees ran by our house like dogs in full run. You had better both stay at the Institute when the session is up. Do you graduate this year? Our school will close about the first of July. I don't know what I shall do yet! I will try and get down to see you when the session closes. Ma told Bose to tell me to stay at the V. M. I. said Uncle John had given her plenty of money. So you see you had better stay at your school when it closes. Bose says his regt. was the first to enter Winchester. He captured 2 new suits of clothes, and eat so many captured sweet meats that it made him sick. He [Jess] and Sam McM. have joined a new company. They are now in Staunton. George Murphy is also there.  I suppose Cousin Fannie and Ma were rejoiced when they saw the Yankees running so fast by the house. I should have been. Grandma is delighted I know to get home. I would like to see her. You must not be uneasy about home. All depends upon the fight at Richmond. If the Yankees are whipped there they must leave the Valley. Of course they will be. Give my love to Nannie. I will write to her soon. Write me by return mail. \nYour brother, John.","This collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards poor weather, the inaguration of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, French studies, and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters, the death of a classmate, and the desire to have been at Jefferson Davis' inaguration.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and news of the Federals being in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the desire for the cadets to fight in the Civil War and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and a trip with other cadets to explore a cave outside of Lexington.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards cadet preparations for war after the news \"came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton\" (Virginia). The letter also mentions that General Stonewall Jackson is \"keeping us [VMI cadets] as a reserve body\" and that John B. Snodgrass is actively working to resign from VMI.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the Corps of Cadets leaving VMI to go to Staunton, Virginia to reinforce General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards war activities in Staunton, Virginia, the march back to VMI, and general news about the war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards general news about the war and family matters.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Snodgrass family","Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0072","/repositories/3/resources/156"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"collection_ssim":["John B. Snodgrass letters"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"creator_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"creators_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 items"],"extent_tesim":["9 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn B. Snodgrass letters are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1416\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters are avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Breathed Snodgrass was born in 1843 in Berkeley County, West Virginia. He is a non-graduate, VMI class of 1864. He later became a physician. Snodgrass died in 1908 in Martinsburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Breathed Snodgrass was born in 1843 in Berkeley County, West Virginia. He is a non-graduate, VMI class of 1864. He later became a physician. Snodgrass died in 1908 in Martinsburg, West Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Inst\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb 22nd 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nColonel Tate has decreed that I shan't go to Lexington, today, for tis raining hard, and I am forced to stay close to barracks.  My roommate and myself had intended to pay \"our respects\" to two young \"Misses\" but have thus been foiled.  Today above all others ought to have been bright and clear, as it tis the day on which our glorious President is to be inaugurated.  All honour to him; and to our glorious young Confederacy! Which he pledges his sacred honour to maintain.  Though this 22nd is dark and gloomy; may that 22nd yet dawn which shall behold our unsullied banner floating in triumph over our Southern homes faned by the gentle zephyrs of Heaven.  I am glad to hear you are in such a high class.  I am in the 3rd Class (alias) Sophmores.  I have just commenced studying French, also.  I don't think it tis at all hard, on the other hand it is very easy.  I would rather read some some good novel, than bother my head about \"Je poole\".  Since the great disaster to our arms at Roanoke Island, and Fort Donalson, the Cadets have all tendered the services to Gov. Letcher.  I don't suppose he will except us.  We have not heard from him yet.  I wish he would accept us.  I think every one ought to be in the field.  I had no idea your school is as large, as you say.  We have three hundred here.  Tell Miss Georgiana (is that her name?) that Mr. Selden is here and a very pleasant young man.  Give my best love to Miss Georgia, complement her highly on her beautiful hand writing.  My room mates all agreed with me that she wrote a beautiful hand - would that I could write one half as good.  Tell me her name in your next.  I am bound to come down to see her, and close her from all your blushing roses, as the sweetest, the loveliest, the best.  We are going to have a grand dinner today, seventy-five turkeys to celebrate the 22nd.  We would have fired thirteen cannons this morning - but it was to wet.  Dandridge is not here. All are well at home when I last heard, they write you oftener than they do me.  Bose wrote me he was not going to enlist again, for some time.  You asked me to come up and see you Easter I wish I could.  I will not see you for two years.  I will not be allowed to go home next summer at all, unless I withdraw altogether.  Were I to stay here it would take me to years to graduate, which is a long long time.  I never cantemplate any thing of the kind now.  Times are so very uncertain, we realize now more than ever the quotation \"No man can tell what a day may bring forth\".  Well Kate I must close, write me very soon.  Love to Nannie and Misses -\u003cbr\u003e \nand believe me your aff brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMa said you were very homesick.  You should get over that.  The time will soon pass away and you will be home again.  The boys are having a splendid time in Martinsburg.  Miss Lottie and Miss Pink Bolten are up.  Jack H. and Miss Lottie are engaged cousin Fannie says.  Tom Harrison is now at home he is a Lieutenant.  We had splendid fire works here the night of the 22nd.  I never saw such beautiful ones in my life.  I am certainly sorry to hear of my class - mates death.  I think it cannot be so.  His death was certainly tragical.  He was staying at a friends house, lying on a sofa, when the husband and wife came in, and the later remarked, \"Oh, is he not handsome and bent over and kissed him.  Her husband immediately shot him.  However this may be I intend to address a letter to him. 18th Miss. Regt. Co. K. Leesburg Va. Ma complains of me not writing long letters, the same she says of you.  So you better write long letters in future.  I nevefr can think of anthing to write.  I wish the Cadets could have gone to Richmond the 22nd.  I should have liked much to have been present at the inauguration of our first President. Well Kate I have no time to spare tonight - so goodbye-\u003cbr\u003e Love to all - your aff. Brother -\u003cbr\u003e\n John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 8th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd a long letter this morning from Ma. She said the Federals had been in Martinsburg. They were not there when she wrote, but were daily expected over.  We having  no troops in town. The mail does not go to Martinsburg from Winchester. I don't know whether she will get my letter or not – very probably she will not. She said you and myself must not give ourselves any uneasiness about them all, at home. Ma says – she will get Aunt Liz to stay with her – and try and take care of themselves. Every one confidently expects the Hessians over.  When they came before, it was in the night. The citizens had the Court house bell rang. George Murphy and Mr. Hopkins went in a hurry to Darksville. Mr. Young came out to Uncle Williams and stayed that night.  Ma seems to have given up all hope of hearing from us soon.  Since the mail does not go to Martinsburg. She told me to direct to Winchester to be forwarded to Martinsburg. So you better do the same. Ma says she has heard the scarlet fever is at the University. She is very uneasy about you. You must write to me if you are sick, as Ma told me to go down and see you if you were sick. So write me immediately if you should be sick, which I hope you will not, notwithstanding I want to see you very much and a certain Miss --  at the Institute. I suppose you have not heard of the death of Mr. Dabney Harrison, he was killed in the battle at Fort Donalson.  He has fallen in a glorious cause, his friends should not weep. When the Federals came to Martinsburg, Aunt Susan's Polly came over with them. Two men in town arrested her, and sent word to Mr. H. who went to town, and got her, and took her in a great hurry to Winchester, where she is now in prison. I hope her capture will deter ours from running off. No doubt it was an agreeable surprise to Aunt Susan. Mr. H expects to be used roughly by the Federals for taking her out of town. He wrote me if the Yankees used him badly, he would join the army and be revenged. Well Kate I must close.  Give my love to Nannie and all other friends. Write me very often, as I am always glad to hear from you.\u003cbr\u003e  \nGoodbye yours aff.\u003cbr\u003e\nBrother (signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Ins.\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 29th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd letter from Bose this morning. He was not in the bloody engagement near Winchester. He was not well enough to return to his company, is going back next week. He wrote me that none of his company were killed but heard that Arch Oden and Jack Harrison were missing. I hope this may not be so. It was only rumored. He does not know whether it is so or not. Ma, I expect is distressed to death about Bose thinking he was in the engagement and knows not but what he may have been killed. If Arch and Jack have been taken prisoner she may perhaps here better - hope she may I have heard today that Genl. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) has been largely reinforced. Hope it may be true, and that he will be able to drive off the Invaders from the soil of Virginia. If it is true that Genl. J (Stonewall Jackson) has been reinforced no doubt we will soon be able to hear from home,  Bose seems to enjoy himself very much in Staunton  he has become acquainted with several of the Cadets who have left the Institute and gone down to Staunton but who are now unable to get home. The Cadets are resigning very fast – but new ones come in today – every day – all think they ought to be in the army – any so do I think so – but we can't get off – if we should try. So we will have to remain – and as Genl J (Stonewall Jackson) much says – be soldiers in the next army – after the present one has been killed off. Have the students left the University? We have heard so. Well Kate I must close. Write me soon. I have no news to but you. Goodbye – love to Nannie\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 6th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd your letter several days ago. I would have answered it sooner but I knew you had not received my letter when you wrote – I heard from Bose yesterday. He is well – going back or rather by this time has gone back to his company – he said that Arch and Jack had reported back to their company.  I was sorry to learn that Joe McMarran was taken prisoner. He has been sent to Baltimore. I hope he will be treated kindly – his mother and sisters will be much distressed about him. I know how all in Martinsburg and how Ma feels about the boys – hope they will hear in some way that they are safe – I would not be surprised if Grand Ma has gotten home. Communication is of course open between Maryland, and that part of the valley now subject to the Yankee despotism. [?] Delaplane has been over to see them at home I suppose - he would come, if none of Uncle Johns family did.  I am sorry to see you are dissatisfied and long to be home. It is of course natural that you should feel in that way since you are deprived of hearing from home - don't despair, it may be a long time, before you can see home again - and it may be a short time - none can tell but I hope when we do hear, all will be right. Bose told me in his letter,  that his time in the army would be up - the eighteenth of April. He is coming to see me - on his way down to Capt Pelhorns company - I wouldn't stop much to go down with him - I went yesterday with several boys to explore a cave about 2 miles from the Institute. We went several hundred feet under the ground past through some of the most perfect rooms I ever saw. I believe no one has ever gone to the bottom of it - several boys have gone over today to go farther down in it than we went yesterday - Will H among the number - Well Kate I must close - Goodbye  Love to Nannie - write soon\u003cbr\u003e\nYour aff. Brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 29th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI have just read your letter and now will answer it. Since I last wrote to you we have been constantly under a great state of excitement. Last Sunday the news came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton. Academic duties were suspended and our time was devoted to three drills a day – preparing ourselves to meet the invader, should he attempt to drive us away from the V.M.I. Genl Smith told us he intended to lead us out to meet them, if they came a thousand strong. He had provisions cooked for us as to take with us on our way to Lynchburg or Richmond if they came in too large a force for us to meet them. I assure you I was very sorry when I heard they were not coming to Staunton. Genl Smith wrote to Genl Jackson tendering him our services. Genl Jackson replied, that he would keep us as a reserve body.  That we could be of immense service to him and that he would call upon us when he wanted us – that we must keep ourselves constantly in readiness.  I do hope he will call upon us. It will be the proudest day of my life when we receive marching orders to defend our own homes against the invader.  I am not content to stay here, when the Old Dominion – The Mother of Statesmen and heroes is calling so loudly upon her sons to rally to her defense – when this bloody war is over. What a pleasure it will be to every son of Virginia to know that he was so manly and brave as to lay his life upon his countrys altar. Don't be surprised if you should see me in Charlottesville some of these pretty days. I am now waiting to hear from Bose, for permission to resign. Genl  S. will not accept my resignation without permission. Why are you so homesick – cheer up. It will not be long before you can get home.  If the great battle at Yorktown is fought – the Yankees will leave the valley quicker than they came into it!  Genl S told me yesterday they were falling back toward the Potomac – hope it is true. Genl Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) is not at Gordonsville he is in the neighbourhood of Harrisonburg – near the blue ridge. You are I suppose were very much excited when the cannon was sent back to Charlottesville. All were we could not study. Prof. told us they did not expect us to study. The young ladies at the Institute in Staunton came back to Lexington. Six stages loaded with passengers came from Staunton that Sunday evening. Should the Yankees get possession of Charlottesville, do what Miss L thinks best. As for myself I will go immediately to the army. When I wrote to you I could have gotten home by the counties I mentioned but I can't now. They are occupied by the Yankees .  Well Kate I must close   write to me often – I am always glad to hear from you. Love to Nannie. Goodbye\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  J. B. Snodgrass \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVa. Mil. Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 1st 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Corps of Cadets leave the Institute this morning to go to Staunton t reinforce Genl. Jackson. All of us are in fine spirits – anxious to get a shot at the enemy. I will mail this letter in Staunton. Goodbye. Don't be uneasy about me. I hope you may soon hear the enemy are leaving the valley.\nGoodbye\nYour. Aff. Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn B. Snodgrass C. S. A.\u003cbr\u003e\nCo. D. Corps Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 18th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Kate\u003cbr\u003e\nWe returned to the V.M.I. yesterday after one of the most toilsome marches of 10 days ever endured by an army. After we left Staunton our hardships began. We marched every day without even a days rest for ten or twelve days always averaging 18 miles and often 20 and 25. One day the day of the battle at McDowell we marched forty miles -  marching from early in the morning until 2 or 3 in the night. We drove the enemy before us all the time. Genl Jacksons men were in the rear of the army so we did not get in the fight - the battle was fought by Genl Johnsons Army. I saw Bose very often. He endured the march very well. The Corps of Cadets were nearly all broken down - all were lame with sore feet. I could scarcely walk at times my feet hurt me so much.  Numbers of us threw our shoes away and walked barefoot, over some of the loftiest mountains in western Virginia I ever saw. For days we saw nothing but mountains, and often it rained hard - some nights I would lie down and in the morning I would get p with my clothes very wet. The Volunteers all say that march through Western Virginia was the hardest they have endured since the war. After we returned to Staunton we were dismissed.  Genl Jackson has gone down the valley, hope he will drive the Yankees across the Potomac.  I am anxiously awaiting the result of the great battle near Richmond.   If we defeat the Yankees, those in the valley will leave quicker than they came over - if we are defeated, the Yankees will take possession of all this part of Virginia. Then if you remain at your school you can get home -  you will then be within the Yankee lines. I saw all the boys - when I was gone - Jack is now Lieutenant in Nadenboushes company. He and Dick [D] are the only ones out of their mess who enlisted again in the company. I would like very much to get down to see you - I wanted to come down whilst I was in Staunton but could not get off. I heard Bose had gone to see you. If he had not I would have come any way. Well Kate I must close. I am both tired and sleepy. Excuse hasty and I have a miserable old pen – Love to Nannie. Goodbye\u003cbr\u003e\nYour aff. Brother\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 8th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI recd a letter yesterday from Bose. Whilst Genl. Jackson was in Winchester he succeeded in getting down home. He said all were well, and everything going on right. Grandma has gotten home. She looks remarkably well. Ma and Cousin Fannie have both been to Maryland. Our darkies behaved remarkably well. None of them left. The Yankees tried to persuade them to run away, they would not go. They told Bose he need not be uneasy, they did not intend to go. Ma has let Nancy live to herself, on account of her good conduct.  Mr. Thornburg has rented our farm. So you see Katy everything seems to be going on well – hope it will be so this time. I am sorry you and Nannie could not get home. You are both much better where you are. You won't catch me going home when the Yankees are about there. The New York Herald says Genl. Jackson has been reinforced by 2000 well drilled cadets. They are slightly mistaken in the number, we were not 200 strong.  They would arrest me if I were at home. I tried to get Genl. Smith to give me a furlough when the way home was open. He told me to wait until I got a letter. I have not recd any letter - think they might have written to us at any rate. Will got a very short letter from his Pa. Said the Yankees ran by our house like dogs in full run. You had better both stay at the Institute when the session is up. Do you graduate this year? Our school will close about the first of July. I don't know what I shall do yet! I will try and get down to see you when the session closes. Ma told Bose to tell me to stay at the V. M. I. said Uncle John had given her plenty of money. So you see you had better stay at your school when it closes. Bose says his regt. was the first to enter Winchester. He captured 2 new suits of clothes, and eat so many captured sweet meats that it made him sick. He [Jess] and Sam McM. have joined a new company. They are now in Staunton. George Murphy is also there.  I suppose Cousin Fannie and Ma were rejoiced when they saw the Yankees running so fast by the house. I should have been. Grandma is delighted I know to get home. I would like to see her. You must not be uneasy about home. All depends upon the fight at Richmond. If the Yankees are whipped there they must leave the Valley. Of course they will be. Give my love to Nannie. I will write to her soon. Write me by return mail.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother, John.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","General","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Inst \nFeb 22nd 1862","My Dear Sister, \nColonel Tate has decreed that I shan't go to Lexington, today, for tis raining hard, and I am forced to stay close to barracks.  My roommate and myself had intended to pay \"our respects\" to two young \"Misses\" but have thus been foiled.  Today above all others ought to have been bright and clear, as it tis the day on which our glorious President is to be inaugurated.  All honour to him; and to our glorious young Confederacy! Which he pledges his sacred honour to maintain.  Though this 22nd is dark and gloomy; may that 22nd yet dawn which shall behold our unsullied banner floating in triumph over our Southern homes faned by the gentle zephyrs of Heaven.  I am glad to hear you are in such a high class.  I am in the 3rd Class (alias) Sophmores.  I have just commenced studying French, also.  I don't think it tis at all hard, on the other hand it is very easy.  I would rather read some some good novel, than bother my head about \"Je poole\".  Since the great disaster to our arms at Roanoke Island, and Fort Donalson, the Cadets have all tendered the services to Gov. Letcher.  I don't suppose he will except us.  We have not heard from him yet.  I wish he would accept us.  I think every one ought to be in the field.  I had no idea your school is as large, as you say.  We have three hundred here.  Tell Miss Georgiana (is that her name?) that Mr. Selden is here and a very pleasant young man.  Give my best love to Miss Georgia, complement her highly on her beautiful hand writing.  My room mates all agreed with me that she wrote a beautiful hand - would that I could write one half as good.  Tell me her name in your next.  I am bound to come down to see her, and close her from all your blushing roses, as the sweetest, the loveliest, the best.  We are going to have a grand dinner today, seventy-five turkeys to celebrate the 22nd.  We would have fired thirteen cannons this morning - but it was to wet.  Dandridge is not here. All are well at home when I last heard, they write you oftener than they do me.  Bose wrote me he was not going to enlist again, for some time.  You asked me to come up and see you Easter I wish I could.  I will not see you for two years.  I will not be allowed to go home next summer at all, unless I withdraw altogether.  Were I to stay here it would take me to years to graduate, which is a long long time.  I never cantemplate any thing of the kind now.  Times are so very uncertain, we realize now more than ever the quotation \"No man can tell what a day may bring forth\".  Well Kate I must close, write me very soon.  Love to Nannie and Misses -  \nand believe me your aff brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Ma said you were very homesick.  You should get over that.  The time will soon pass away and you will be home again.  The boys are having a splendid time in Martinsburg.  Miss Lottie and Miss Pink Bolten are up.  Jack H. and Miss Lottie are engaged cousin Fannie says.  Tom Harrison is now at home he is a Lieutenant.  We had splendid fire works here the night of the 22nd.  I never saw such beautiful ones in my life.  I am certainly sorry to hear of my class - mates death.  I think it cannot be so.  His death was certainly tragical.  He was staying at a friends house, lying on a sofa, when the husband and wife came in, and the later remarked, \"Oh, is he not handsome and bent over and kissed him.  Her husband immediately shot him.  However this may be I intend to address a letter to him. 18th Miss. Regt. Co. K. Leesburg Va. Ma complains of me not writing long letters, the same she says of you.  So you better write long letters in future.  I nevefr can think of anthing to write.  I wish the Cadets could have gone to Richmond the 22nd.  I should have liked much to have been present at the inauguration of our first President. Well Kate I have no time to spare tonight - so goodbye-  Love to all - your aff. Brother - \n John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nMarch 8th 1862","My Dear Sister. \nI rec'd a long letter this morning from Ma. She said the Federals had been in Martinsburg. They were not there when she wrote, but were daily expected over.  We having  no troops in town. The mail does not go to Martinsburg from Winchester. I don't know whether she will get my letter or not – very probably she will not. She said you and myself must not give ourselves any uneasiness about them all, at home. Ma says – she will get Aunt Liz to stay with her – and try and take care of themselves. Every one confidently expects the Hessians over.  When they came before, it was in the night. The citizens had the Court house bell rang. George Murphy and Mr. Hopkins went in a hurry to Darksville. Mr. Young came out to Uncle Williams and stayed that night.  Ma seems to have given up all hope of hearing from us soon.  Since the mail does not go to Martinsburg. She told me to direct to Winchester to be forwarded to Martinsburg. So you better do the same. Ma says she has heard the scarlet fever is at the University. She is very uneasy about you. You must write to me if you are sick, as Ma told me to go down and see you if you were sick. So write me immediately if you should be sick, which I hope you will not, notwithstanding I want to see you very much and a certain Miss --  at the Institute. I suppose you have not heard of the death of Mr. Dabney Harrison, he was killed in the battle at Fort Donalson.  He has fallen in a glorious cause, his friends should not weep. When the Federals came to Martinsburg, Aunt Susan's Polly came over with them. Two men in town arrested her, and sent word to Mr. H. who went to town, and got her, and took her in a great hurry to Winchester, where she is now in prison. I hope her capture will deter ours from running off. No doubt it was an agreeable surprise to Aunt Susan. Mr. H expects to be used roughly by the Federals for taking her out of town. He wrote me if the Yankees used him badly, he would join the army and be revenged. Well Kate I must close.  Give my love to Nannie and all other friends. Write me very often, as I am always glad to hear from you.   \nGoodbye yours aff. \nBrother (signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Ins. \nMarch 29th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd letter from Bose this morning. He was not in the bloody engagement near Winchester. He was not well enough to return to his company, is going back next week. He wrote me that none of his company were killed but heard that Arch Oden and Jack Harrison were missing. I hope this may not be so. It was only rumored. He does not know whether it is so or not. Ma, I expect is distressed to death about Bose thinking he was in the engagement and knows not but what he may have been killed. If Arch and Jack have been taken prisoner she may perhaps here better - hope she may I have heard today that Genl. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) has been largely reinforced. Hope it may be true, and that he will be able to drive off the Invaders from the soil of Virginia. If it is true that Genl. J (Stonewall Jackson) has been reinforced no doubt we will soon be able to hear from home,  Bose seems to enjoy himself very much in Staunton  he has become acquainted with several of the Cadets who have left the Institute and gone down to Staunton but who are now unable to get home. The Cadets are resigning very fast – but new ones come in today – every day – all think they ought to be in the army – any so do I think so – but we can't get off – if we should try. So we will have to remain – and as Genl J (Stonewall Jackson) much says – be soldiers in the next army – after the present one has been killed off. Have the students left the University? We have heard so. Well Kate I must close. Write me soon. I have no news to but you. Goodbye – love to Nannie \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 6th 1862","My Dear Sister \nI rec'd your letter several days ago. I would have answered it sooner but I knew you had not received my letter when you wrote – I heard from Bose yesterday. He is well – going back or rather by this time has gone back to his company – he said that Arch and Jack had reported back to their company.  I was sorry to learn that Joe McMarran was taken prisoner. He has been sent to Baltimore. I hope he will be treated kindly – his mother and sisters will be much distressed about him. I know how all in Martinsburg and how Ma feels about the boys – hope they will hear in some way that they are safe – I would not be surprised if Grand Ma has gotten home. Communication is of course open between Maryland, and that part of the valley now subject to the Yankee despotism. [?] Delaplane has been over to see them at home I suppose - he would come, if none of Uncle Johns family did.  I am sorry to see you are dissatisfied and long to be home. It is of course natural that you should feel in that way since you are deprived of hearing from home - don't despair, it may be a long time, before you can see home again - and it may be a short time - none can tell but I hope when we do hear, all will be right. Bose told me in his letter,  that his time in the army would be up - the eighteenth of April. He is coming to see me - on his way down to Capt Pelhorns company - I wouldn't stop much to go down with him - I went yesterday with several boys to explore a cave about 2 miles from the Institute. We went several hundred feet under the ground past through some of the most perfect rooms I ever saw. I believe no one has ever gone to the bottom of it - several boys have gone over today to go farther down in it than we went yesterday - Will H among the number - Well Kate I must close - Goodbye  Love to Nannie - write soon \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nApril 29th 1862","Dear Sister \nI have just read your letter and now will answer it. Since I last wrote to you we have been constantly under a great state of excitement. Last Sunday the news came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton. Academic duties were suspended and our time was devoted to three drills a day – preparing ourselves to meet the invader, should he attempt to drive us away from the V.M.I. Genl Smith told us he intended to lead us out to meet them, if they came a thousand strong. He had provisions cooked for us as to take with us on our way to Lynchburg or Richmond if they came in too large a force for us to meet them. I assure you I was very sorry when I heard they were not coming to Staunton. Genl Smith wrote to Genl Jackson tendering him our services. Genl Jackson replied, that he would keep us as a reserve body.  That we could be of immense service to him and that he would call upon us when he wanted us – that we must keep ourselves constantly in readiness.  I do hope he will call upon us. It will be the proudest day of my life when we receive marching orders to defend our own homes against the invader.  I am not content to stay here, when the Old Dominion – The Mother of Statesmen and heroes is calling so loudly upon her sons to rally to her defense – when this bloody war is over. What a pleasure it will be to every son of Virginia to know that he was so manly and brave as to lay his life upon his countrys altar. Don't be surprised if you should see me in Charlottesville some of these pretty days. I am now waiting to hear from Bose, for permission to resign. Genl  S. will not accept my resignation without permission. Why are you so homesick – cheer up. It will not be long before you can get home.  If the great battle at Yorktown is fought – the Yankees will leave the valley quicker than they came into it!  Genl S told me yesterday they were falling back toward the Potomac – hope it is true. Genl Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) is not at Gordonsville he is in the neighbourhood of Harrisonburg – near the blue ridge. You are I suppose were very much excited when the cannon was sent back to Charlottesville. All were we could not study. Prof. told us they did not expect us to study. The young ladies at the Institute in Staunton came back to Lexington. Six stages loaded with passengers came from Staunton that Sunday evening. Should the Yankees get possession of Charlottesville, do what Miss L thinks best. As for myself I will go immediately to the army. When I wrote to you I could have gotten home by the counties I mentioned but I can't now. They are occupied by the Yankees .  Well Kate I must close   write to me often – I am always glad to hear from you. Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour affectionate brother \n(signed)  J. B. Snodgrass ","Va. Mil. Institute \nMay 1st 1862","Dear Kate \nThe Corps of Cadets leave the Institute this morning to go to Staunton t reinforce Genl. Jackson. All of us are in fine spirits – anxious to get a shot at the enemy. I will mail this letter in Staunton. Goodbye. Don't be uneasy about me. I hope you may soon hear the enemy are leaving the valley.\nGoodbye\nYour. Aff. Brother \nJohn B. Snodgrass C. S. A. \nCo. D. Corps Cadets","Virginia Military Institute \nMay 18th 1862","Dear Kate \nWe returned to the V.M.I. yesterday after one of the most toilsome marches of 10 days ever endured by an army. After we left Staunton our hardships began. We marched every day without even a days rest for ten or twelve days always averaging 18 miles and often 20 and 25. One day the day of the battle at McDowell we marched forty miles -  marching from early in the morning until 2 or 3 in the night. We drove the enemy before us all the time. Genl Jacksons men were in the rear of the army so we did not get in the fight - the battle was fought by Genl Johnsons Army. I saw Bose very often. He endured the march very well. The Corps of Cadets were nearly all broken down - all were lame with sore feet. I could scarcely walk at times my feet hurt me so much.  Numbers of us threw our shoes away and walked barefoot, over some of the loftiest mountains in western Virginia I ever saw. For days we saw nothing but mountains, and often it rained hard - some nights I would lie down and in the morning I would get p with my clothes very wet. The Volunteers all say that march through Western Virginia was the hardest they have endured since the war. After we returned to Staunton we were dismissed.  Genl Jackson has gone down the valley, hope he will drive the Yankees across the Potomac.  I am anxiously awaiting the result of the great battle near Richmond.   If we defeat the Yankees, those in the valley will leave quicker than they came over - if we are defeated, the Yankees will take possession of all this part of Virginia. Then if you remain at your school you can get home -  you will then be within the Yankee lines. I saw all the boys - when I was gone - Jack is now Lieutenant in Nadenboushes company. He and Dick [D] are the only ones out of their mess who enlisted again in the company. I would like very much to get down to see you - I wanted to come down whilst I was in Staunton but could not get off. I heard Bose had gone to see you. If he had not I would have come any way. Well Kate I must close. I am both tired and sleepy. Excuse hasty and I have a miserable old pen – Love to Nannie. Goodbye \nYour aff. Brother \n(signed)  John B. Snodgrass","Virginia Military Institute \nJune 8th 1862","My dear sister \nI recd a letter yesterday from Bose. Whilst Genl. Jackson was in Winchester he succeeded in getting down home. He said all were well, and everything going on right. Grandma has gotten home. She looks remarkably well. Ma and Cousin Fannie have both been to Maryland. Our darkies behaved remarkably well. None of them left. The Yankees tried to persuade them to run away, they would not go. They told Bose he need not be uneasy, they did not intend to go. Ma has let Nancy live to herself, on account of her good conduct.  Mr. Thornburg has rented our farm. So you see Katy everything seems to be going on well – hope it will be so this time. I am sorry you and Nannie could not get home. You are both much better where you are. You won't catch me going home when the Yankees are about there. The New York Herald says Genl. Jackson has been reinforced by 2000 well drilled cadets. They are slightly mistaken in the number, we were not 200 strong.  They would arrest me if I were at home. I tried to get Genl. Smith to give me a furlough when the way home was open. He told me to wait until I got a letter. I have not recd any letter - think they might have written to us at any rate. Will got a very short letter from his Pa. Said the Yankees ran by our house like dogs in full run. You had better both stay at the Institute when the session is up. Do you graduate this year? Our school will close about the first of July. I don't know what I shall do yet! I will try and get down to see you when the session closes. Ma told Bose to tell me to stay at the V. M. I. said Uncle John had given her plenty of money. So you see you had better stay at your school when it closes. Bose says his regt. was the first to enter Winchester. He captured 2 new suits of clothes, and eat so many captured sweet meats that it made him sick. He [Jess] and Sam McM. have joined a new company. They are now in Staunton. George Murphy is also there.  I suppose Cousin Fannie and Ma were rejoiced when they saw the Yankees running so fast by the house. I should have been. Grandma is delighted I know to get home. I would like to see her. You must not be uneasy about home. All depends upon the fight at Richmond. If the Yankees are whipped there they must leave the Valley. Of course they will be. Give my love to Nannie. I will write to her soon. Write me by return mail. \nYour brother, John."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn B. Snodgrass letters, 1862. MS 0072. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John B. Snodgrass letters, 1862. MS 0072. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards poor weather, the inaguration of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, French studies, and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters, the death of a classmate, and the desire to have been at Jefferson Davis' inaguration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and news of the Federals being in Martinsburg, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the desire for the cadets to fight in the Civil War and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and a trip with other cadets to explore a cave outside of Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards cadet preparations for war after the news \"came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton\" (Virginia). The letter also mentions that General Stonewall Jackson is \"keeping us [VMI cadets] as a reserve body\" and that John B. Snodgrass is actively working to resign from VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the Corps of Cadets leaving VMI to go to Staunton, Virginia to reinforce General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards war activities in Staunton, Virginia, the march back to VMI, and general news about the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards general news about the war and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of eight letters and one letter fragment from Cadet John B. Snodgrass to his sister Katherine (Kate) Snodgrass-Boyd. All letters are dated 1862 and written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. The primary topic is the Civil War and its effect on the Snodgrass family, with occasional references to VMI. Multiple letters (see April 19, May 1, May 18) mention that Corps of Cadets has been ordered to aid General Stonewall Jackson because he is \"anxious to get a shot at the enemy.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards poor weather, the inaguration of Confederate president Jefferson Davis, French studies, and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters, the death of a classmate, and the desire to have been at Jefferson Davis' inaguration.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and news of the Federals being in Martinsburg, West Virginia.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the desire for the cadets to fight in the Civil War and family matters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family matters and a trip with other cadets to explore a cave outside of Lexington.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards cadet preparations for war after the news \"came that the Yankees were about entering Staunton\" (Virginia). The letter also mentions that General Stonewall Jackson is \"keeping us [VMI cadets] as a reserve body\" and that John B. Snodgrass is actively working to resign from VMI.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards the Corps of Cadets leaving VMI to go to Staunton, Virginia to reinforce General Stonewall Jackson.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards war activities in Staunton, Virginia, the march back to VMI, and general news about the war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards general news about the war and family matters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cdf6e8e8607cb3a6eb303bde6b4ed848\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Snodgrass family","Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Snodgrass family","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"famname_ssim":["Snodgrass family"],"persname_ssim":["Snodgrass, John B. (John Breathed), 1843-1908","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:02.995Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_156"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Johnson Family papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_609.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00024.xml","title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"text":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609","Johnson Family papers","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","The Johnson Family papers are available online","Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.","Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.","Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online","This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Johnson Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 items"],"extent_tesim":["26 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1291\"\u003eThe Johnson Family papers are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Johnson Family papers are available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917."],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Johnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1545\"\u003ePorter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market\u003c/a\u003e is available online\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards dress parades.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5593780f55ffb147ac91bc6b6cf6a7b0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Johnson Family","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911"],"famname_ssim":["Johnson Family"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":29,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond, Feby 10 58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Leake\u003cbr\u003e \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM. H. Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia\u003cbr\u003eFebruary 2, 1862\u003cbr\u003eC.W. Newlon, Esq\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sir\u003cbr\u003eExpecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026amp; c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton, Sept. 20th, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003eIt is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026amp; c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.\u003cbr\u003e \nBelieve me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePorter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026amp; c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair.\u003cbr\u003e\nTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM. H. Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday Evening\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday morning\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003cbr\u003e\nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDec. 25th 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDecember 29, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Verden\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 25, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynchburg, Tuesday\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 10, 1863\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Verden\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 14, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15 63\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday March 29 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeverly\u003cbr\u003e\nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours in haste\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly\u003cbr\u003e \nTuesday April [28, 1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026amp; Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHad Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 1st 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026amp; Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026amp; also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026amp; c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWeston\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 5th [1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026amp; c. A large no of the Union men going with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026amp; c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMason [Hisser] \u0026amp; Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Kemper, Near Staunton\u003cbr\u003e\nSept 23d 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026amp; Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nOct 11 64 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Sunday\u003cbr\u003e\nDec. 4th, 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him.\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Mr. Newlon \u0026amp; Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, March 7 65 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nJany 12, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate\u003cbr\u003e \nBrother Porter \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave.\u003cbr\u003e\nGoodbye\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb 5th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026amp; invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nFeb 23d 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThen acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew's Ferry, March 27th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDearling Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour devoted son, Porter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrison Hospital\u003cbr\u003e\nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your Affectionate Son\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson esq\u003cbr\u003e \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Allie\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_609.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00024.xml","title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"text":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609","Johnson Family papers","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","The Johnson Family papers are available online","Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.","Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.","Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online","This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Johnson Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 items"],"extent_tesim":["26 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1291\"\u003eThe Johnson Family papers are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Johnson Family papers are available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917."],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Johnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1545\"\u003ePorter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market\u003c/a\u003e is available online\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards dress parades.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5593780f55ffb147ac91bc6b6cf6a7b0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Johnson Family","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911"],"famname_ssim":["Johnson Family"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":29,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond, Feby 10 58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Leake\u003cbr\u003e \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM. H. Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia\u003cbr\u003eFebruary 2, 1862\u003cbr\u003eC.W. Newlon, Esq\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sir\u003cbr\u003eExpecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026amp; c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton, Sept. 20th, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003eIt is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026amp; c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.\u003cbr\u003e \nBelieve me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePorter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026amp; c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair.\u003cbr\u003e\nTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM. H. Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday Evening\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday morning\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003cbr\u003e\nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDec. 25th 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDecember 29, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Verden\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 25, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynchburg, Tuesday\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 10, 1863\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Verden\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 14, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15 63\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday March 29 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeverly\u003cbr\u003e\nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours in haste\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly\u003cbr\u003e \nTuesday April [28, 1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026amp; Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHad Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 1st 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026amp; Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026amp; also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026amp; c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWeston\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 5th [1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026amp; c. A large no of the Union men going with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026amp; c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMason [Hisser] \u0026amp; Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Kemper, Near Staunton\u003cbr\u003e\nSept 23d 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026amp; Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nOct 11 64 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Sunday\u003cbr\u003e\nDec. 4th, 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him.\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Mr. Newlon \u0026amp; Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, March 7 65 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nJany 12, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate\u003cbr\u003e \nBrother Porter \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave.\u003cbr\u003e\nGoodbye\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb 5th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026amp; invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nFeb 23d 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThen acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew's Ferry, March 27th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDearling Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour devoted son, Porter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrison Hospital\u003cbr\u003e\nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your Affectionate Son\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson esq\u003cbr\u003e \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Allie\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Morgan Family Civil War papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_612.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00027.xml","title_ssm":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0356","/repositories/3/resources/612"],"text":["MS.0356","/repositories/3/resources/612","Morgan Family Civil War papers","Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","This collection is available online","During the Civil War, the family of Joseph B. and Annie Lamb Morgan resided in Currituck County, North Carolina. One of the Morgan sons, Patrick H. (1844-1917), was a cadet at VMI from 1862-1864. During his cadetship, he took part in the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. After the War, Patrick studied law, but did not practice. He then engaged in business and was a state senator in the North Carolina legislature. He was subsequently a district supervisor of the United States Life Saving Service (now the United States Coast Guard). Patrick died on August 27, 1917 in Shawboro, North Carolina.","Forestville N. C. \nJuly 2d 1862","Friend Pat \nI was in Currituck a few days ago and saw your father. He gave me a letter to bring out for you which I have this day mailed to you. He requested me to write to you and tell you where to write to him at so that he could get it.  If you would write to him and enclose it to me at Murfreesboro NC I will endeavor to get it to him. Say to Col. Shaw and Mr. Woods sons that if they will do the same I will try to forward their letters on for them. I hear that Pat Grandy was killed at Richmond. Poor fellow I am sorry for him he was a brave little fellow. Write soon as I shall be in Murfreesboro in about six day.","Yours very Respectfully \n[D. W. ?]","Abram Riddicks Farm.  Hertford Co. NC","Dear Pat \nI have just come through the lines and have with me a letter for you which I will mail at Weldon.  Write to me immediately on the reception of this and I may be able to carry it through to your father on my return.  Tom Hampkins and myself are going to Raleigh with a lunatic.  Then I am going to Greensboro Lincolnton and Charlotte.  Bill [Dozier] is married to Miss Barnard.  Mr. Wigginton is dear and there is much sickness in Currituck.  The Yankees are carrying on high in E. City [Elizabeth City]. [They] have nearly driven all the citizens away [from] E. City now and then killing one.  They murdered George Fearing last Thursday.  They have destroyed the Salt works on the banks \u0026 c \u0026 c.  Excuse this bad writing.  I am in a hurry and have a miserable pen.  Give my regards Will Shaw and Mr. Wood.  Tell them both their familys are well.  I was at Dr. Woods a few days ago.  Write and direct your letter to my care Weldon","Yours in friendship \nW. H. [Cowell]","Pat I broke open your leeter to put this in is the cause of it looking so ragged about the envelope","Camp Galtin Murfreesboro \nNC March the 12 64","Your letter of the 26 of Feb came to hand on yesterday and found me well except weakness. I have just returned from Camden. I had a sick furlough and it happened in a good time the confederates went down just behind me and placed their pickets at [Shingle] Landing. You may depend that I had a gay time we had a party at Mr. J. Ambros Doziers we danced nearly all night. I danced the first set with Cousin Arch [?] the second with Maggie Fanshaw. Mr. Ambrose Dozier also danced we had three members of the church on the floor at once. I went to see Shaw. I stopped at by yur house a day or two they were all well I believe. I went to see my [?] twice while I was in there and found her as lovely as ever. She is as perfect as an angel and as precious as a diamond. I went to school with her both times walked with her alone to the academy and spoke of the pst present and future. Jessy Williams has gone in on furlough this morning.  I wrote to Mattie and sent your enclosed to the [?].  Marcus [Tavells] was in on furlough the same time that I was he came out with me we had fine times together. Try to get a leave of absence and come and see me.  Mattie sends her respects to you and says she would be pleased to see you if you will write me when you think you can get one I will manage to get one the same time and we will go in together. I have not time to write much more as I have to mke out requistitions for rations for the men this evening. Our company are all in Camden except 8 and they are without shoes consequently they nor myself have but little duty to perform. We manage to draw rations enough for ourselves and cook and eat.","If I have accused you wrongfully I beg your pardon. You spoke of my flirting with my intended much sooner would I destroy my own life. What deceive my first and only love and the best girl that ever graced the side of a gentleman do not speak of it again you will me tremble to think of such vile thing. You speak of being low spirited you must cheer up and if you will do you duty I think you will be able to accomplish all you wish for I have made Mat promise to use her influence in your behalf and you know she can be of much use to you. I had a letter from a young lady in Petersburg yesterday she thinks I am a flirt little does she think that I am engaged but I will not deceive her any longer for I respect her very highly. I will ask to be excused and to be her friend in the future and not a lover. Our Regt. will start over the river tomorrow morning. I have had the men that are with me belonging to our Company excused from this march they seem to be very much pleased at it.  We will have the whole camp to oursleves. I wish you were with me so that we could lay in our bunk and talk of our sweethearts. I hope the time is not far distant when we will be able to go where we please then we can visit our sweethearts and not be looking for the infernal yankees to come and capture us. I also had a leter from brother Isaac he is well and in Petersburg. I believe all of our friends and relatives are well. Write soon and tell Wood to write to me. Give my respects to all of my inquiring friends if any and reserve a greater portion for yourself.","Your cousin \nJno B. Wiginton","Indian Ridge \nCurrituck County, Jany 28/63","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you. The last one I think was dated the 16 of November last. We heard from you by Albert, who got safely home, but destroyed all the letters he brought off with him for fear of falling into the hands of enemies. He reported you\ntolerably well- but gives a horrid description of your fare, \u0026 seems very glad to get home even under the circumstances.","Your Uncle James has again been driven from his home by the shelling of his premises, and together with his family is now residing with us. Albert is going to school to Mr. Lowe, who now has a very large school. Since I last wrote you we have the distressing intelligence of the death\nof your Uncle [Geo?]. He was killed at Fredericksburg. His family is in great distress. They are making arrangements for moving back to Currituck \u0026 will reside with William [D___], who was recently married to Miss[A_nett] Barnard. Your Ma is in deep distress in consequence of her brother's death. She takes it very hard indeed. Otherwise we are getting along about as we have been for the last eighteen months.","The enemy occasionally makes raids upon us \u0026 plunder \u0026 destroy our property. A few weeks ago they came over to Indian Town \u0026 burned all the buildings on Dr. Marchant's place, opposite where he used to live, together with the academy, \u0026 plundered several citizens, taking horses, carts, [__groes], salt \u0026 c. They have since removed from Shiloh \u0026 have made their headquarters at E. City.  One of their officers, a Capt. Sanders was killed in the street the night of the 5th inst.","The Diphtheria has been very prevalent this winter. I believe I wrote you of the death of two of Mr. Baxter's children. Now I have to inform you of the death of [Suda] Shaw of the same horrible disease. It was a heart rending scene to witness the distress of the family. I deeply sympathize with the bereaved parents, but for [Suda], we know she is better off. She is beyond the reach of harm, safe in her Heavenly Father's arms. Jodie has been strongly threatened with the same disease, if indeed he has not had it in a modified form. All of us have had sore throats \u0026 your Ma has been doctoring for diphtheria. All are however better now, Lillie \u0026 Ida going to school \u0026 Jodie playing about the house as lively as ever. He has grown very much since you saw him, \u0026 talks quite plain. You would hardly know him. from home and hoping soon to hear from you. You cannot imagine how anxious we are to hear from you, or surely you would write much oftener than you do. What can be the matter? Is it that you do not write, or does your letters miscarry? I know not the cause, but whatever it may be should be very glad if it could be remedied. I know not how to direct you more than I have. ","There are so many changes. I received one letter from Mr. Lassiter from Mr. [Boro]. Since then I learn he has sold out \u0026 removed, so you must seek for information \u0026 opportunities, \u0026 neglect no possible chance of letting us hear from you. I have committed you unto Him that is able to keep you, and I forget not my prayers morning \u0026 night to beseech Him to take care of you, to preserve \u0026 keep you from all evil \u0026 harm, and restore you again to the bosom of the family, if it can accord with His blessed will. All send their love.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Feby 13 [1863]","We have just heard that the guerillas had attacked the enemy in Pasquotank killing [Tim.] Cox \u0026 probably some others. We hear that the Capt. commanding in E. City [Elizabeth City] has ordered all the people white \u0026 black to report to him, \u0026 it is said he intends to compel them to take up arms. The whole country is in a perfect ferment. The people are growing desperate \u0026 the inhuman conduct of our enemies seems to be driving every man capable of bearing arms into the bushes or into the army. How long such a state of things is to exist the Lord only can determine.","My health is very bad just now. I am suffering among other things with sore throat, \u0026 have been for some time past.  The rest of the family are well.","I should be so glad to hear from you. Not one word yet since Albert left have we heard from you. Mrs. Shaw gets letters from Willie \u0026 Julian \u0026 I should suppose yours could come in the same way. Send them to Col. Shaw \u0026 he will forward them if you will request him to do so I am sure. Your Ma sends her love \u0026 says she would like to write, but you must not think because she does not, she has forgotten you. Other causes prevents. I have hastily penned these few lines this morning having just heard of an opportunity for sending a letter out. Your Uncle James is still with us \u0026 talks of coming out soon.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Currituck County \nJany. 3d 1864","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you \u0026 we are beginning to feel very anxious to hear from you. I wrote you a short time since giving a short statement of our troubles \u0026 the devastations \u0026 excitement produced by a Brigade of negro troops under Gen. Wild passing through our county. But it is utterly impossible for me to give you anything like a correct idea of the state of things in our midst. ","I have just returned home from Fortress Monroe. The citizens of our county held a meeting \u0026 appointed Dr. Cowell, A. J. Lowe, B. L. Dey, B. M. Baxter \u0026 myself a committee to proceed to Old Point, the Headquarters of Gen. Butler, who is in command of the Department of Va. \u0026 N. C., for the purpose of ascertaining what was required of the peaceful inhabitants to secure their property from destruction \u0026 their dwellings from the flames. We left home last Sunday \u0026 passed through their lines by way of Deep Creek. Col. DeForest in command at North West treated us very courteously \u0026 and gave us a passport to Gen. Getty's headquarters, which is some three miles back of Portsmouth. We had a very pleasant interview with Gen. Getty, who seems to be a perfect gentleman, and who kindly facilitated our business by giving us a passport and transportation to Gen. Butler's Headquarters.","Tuesday morning at 8 o'clock we took the boat for Old Point, where we arrived about ten A.M. We obtained an interview with Gen. Butler about three o'clock P. M. He received us very respectfully \u0026 treated us very courteously, and after hearing our statement conversed with us some half an hour or more very pleasantly. He said nothing was required of us only to remain peaceful and use our influence to put down guerrillaing \u0026 blockade running; that being accomplished we should not be further molested by his troops; that he did not include us in his general order no. 49, nor did he consider us within his lines. ","We returned home \u0026 reported the result of our interview with Gen. Butler. We had hardly got home when a squad was sent out to enroll the inhabitants of Camden \u0026 Currituck. We are inclined to believe, however, they are recalled \u0026 we may be allowed a short respite.","Your Ma has been quite ill but is now fast recovering. Jodie is suffering from croup very much. All the rest are tolerable well. I am not very well but hope am improving. Everything is excitement \u0026 suspense \u0026 God only knows how we are to get along. All is gloom \u0026 doubt around us, but God governs in the affairs of men \u0026 will bring all things right in the end. You Ma is trying to get some shirts ready for you, and whenever we can procure anything for you will send by the first opportunity. Some of my friends talk of going to Richmond \u0026 if they do I shall try to send my horse  by them with instructions to sell him \u0026 send you the money. It may come when you do not need it \u0026 if so take care of it for future use. You must be economical \u0026 make the best use you can of both time \u0026 money. Should they bring him out, I shall instruct them to\nsell him and have the money insured \u0026 sent by express to you.","All send their love \u0026 best wishes, and I pray that a kind Providence may preserve and protect you my dear son. \nYour Father. J. B. M.","P.S. Since writing the enclosed your two letters of the 13th and 27th of Decr. have come to hand. We are glad to learn you are so well after your exposure \u0026 hope you will not suffer any very serious consequences. All are well at present \u0026 send their love. Those gentlemen I spoke of coming out have returned. They sold my horse for $600 \u0026 I trust you have recd. the money. J.B. M.","Indian Ridge \nMay 16th 1864","My Dear Son- \nI embrace the opportunity this morning, as Mr. Forbs is just going out, to write you a few lines, to let you know we have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 26th of April, that we were all well, \u0026 made still more happy on hearing glorious news from Va. The N. York Herald admits that Grant has been terribly whipped \u0026 driven back with the loss of only 41.000 including 7 Major Gens. \u0026 some 15 Brigadiers. We have rumors that the Yanks have also been badly worsted near Petersburg \u0026 driven back with considerable loss. Also various other rumors of the capture of the \"Beast\" \u0026 c \u0026 c. which if true you have no doubt heard ere this, as you can learn the truth much earlier than we can. Should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day. I think there can scarcely be a doubt of the truth of Grant's disaster. I did not see the statement myself, but Mr. Hilliard Baxter told me he had read it in last Thursday's Herald \u0026 you may be sure his loss is much greater than the Herald would admit. The Yanks have been making frequent raids among us for the last three weeks, one a week at least. Saturday night they carried off one of my mules, but I was fortunate enough to recover him on Sunday.","I am glad to learn you were pleased with your things. The boots \u0026 gloves I expected would be full large, but it was the best I could do, \u0026 your cloth, how does it suit you? It was nearest the color that could be got. We have felt a great deal of anxiety about you of late, fearing that the Yankees would get so near, you would have to take the field again [see note below], but if Grant is driven back we should feel much easier on that account. I forgot to say that our joy at the good news was somewhat allayed by a report that the brave \u0026 noble Gen. Longstreet was badly wounded, Pickett \u0026 Jenkins \u0026 some others killed. I trust the reports may not be true, but should it prove true, God will raise up others to fill their places. He will not suffer our enemies to succeed in this unjust, cruel \u0026 unholy war.","I said we were all well. Jodie has slight chills \u0026 fevers, caused perhaps by the [days?] of The Measles--he says he wants to see Bro. Pat mighty bad. He has been keeping you some apples but has been compelled to eat them, to keep them from rotting. The children all send their love. Mr. Low \u0026 family request me to send their respects. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are well.","Give my respects to Willie, Jule \u0026 all your friends. Write often. May a kind Providence continue to watch over you \u0026 protect you my dear son. Your Father. J. B. M.","Indian Ridge \nOct 31st 1864","My Dear Son- \nAfter so long a time I find an opportunity of sending you a few lines from home, as I know you are very anxious to hear from us all. Your note from Riddick's Ferry was received, though not until we heard from you through your friend from [K/Hitt___?] \u0026 who also delivered me a package of smoking tobacco, which was very acceptable, \u0026 for which accept\nmy thanks.","We have had a good long respite from the Raiders, not having been troubled with any since you left. They have passed on the Indian Town Road once since, but none came up our road. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand. We are still having the most delightful weather. It is so dry we can scarcely get water to use. I have never seen so dry a season. Mr. Lowe and myself have just finished making syrup. We have made about 70 gals., enough to serve us the next year plentifully. I am again without any help at all. Mr. Sawyer \u0026 his wife left the week you went away. I do not know how I shall manage to house my crop as there is no laborers to be had.","A few days after you left I saw the order postponing the commencement of your school until the 10th of Novr., and ordering the cadets to report for temporary duty at Camp Lee. I suppose you are still there, though according to the order will soon leave for school. I shall therefore leave the direction of my letter to the friend who will take it out after he can ascertain your whereabouts.","We are all in as good health as usual. I am still very much troubled with rheumatism in my arm, which bothers me very much. You must write me every opportunity, tell me how you are getting on, \u0026 how you have disposed of your money, and do not forget to have the discrepancy in your account corrected. And above all things else my Dear Son do not\nforget, nor neglect, your duties to your Heavenly Father; let not your young \u0026 gay companions lead you astray, nor tempt you to neglect your religious duties, and may our Heavenly Father keep you as in the hollow of his hand, shield \u0026 protect you from all danger \u0026 harm, and restore you to us again in His own good time. ","I forgot to tell you the result of our meeting. It closed on Sunday after you left, and on Monday seventeen were baptized \u0026 added to the church, among them our neighbor Mr. John Fanshaw.","Your Ma, Archie, \u0026 the children all send their love. Frank is on a visit to Mayock \u0026 will write you soon. Write him often. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are all well. Tell Willie he must write me sometimes. Give him my respects \u0026 tell him not to forget his good resolutions \u0026 to never stop until he has obtained the pearl of great price. God bless \u0026 protect you my dear\nson is the constant prayer of our father. \nJ. B. M.","Ida sends you some money, $2.00.","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from morning drill on April 15 [1863]","It was a very rainy and disagreeable morning, and my shoews being very inferior, also having a cold, I thought it very imprudent for me to go, as it would make me worse.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Overcoat on Post after taps. April 23 [1863]","It was a very chilly night and I felt very uncomfortable without an overcoat and as I was unwell I thought it very imprudent to be without it.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Visiting on the 8th of May [1863]","I had just come out of the hospital and could not find any of my books in my room, they had been misplaced during my absence, some of my roommates told me that some one in No. 34 had borrowed them.  I went in to get them, and while doing so, I was reported.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from drill on May 12th [1863]","When I had come from the funeral of Genl. Paxton, the day being very warm, and having marched nearly 3 miles, I was taken with a very severe headache, which compelled me to take my bed and rendered me entirely unfit to attend to the above duty.  At the time for sick call I reported to the surgeon and got some medicine.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Surgeon V. M. I.","This collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. ","Also included are Cadet Morgan's written excuses (four items) to the VMI Commandant for various infractions for the period of April to May 1863.","Written from Forestville, North Carolina. Letter regards mail from James B. Morgan and the death of Pat Grandy.","Written from Hertford County, North Carolina. Letter regards family news.","Written from \"Camp Galtin Murfreesboro.\" Letter regards personal and family news.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. Letter regards wartime civilian life, the death of an uncle in battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and enemy raids.","Letter regards enemy treatment of civilians and family news. Letter also mentions \"Willie\" who is William Brenton Shaw, VMI Class of 1865.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. The letter includes a detailed account of the journey of a  committee of citizens to appeal to Union General Butler to \"secure their property from destruction.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and discusses rumors of a major Confederate victory, stating \"should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and cautions son against neglecting his \"religious duties.\"","Written excuses by Cadet Patrick Morgan submitted to the VMI Commandant. These were explanations given by cadets after breaking a regulation.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Morgan family","Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Shaw, William B. (William Brenton), 1843-1908","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0356","/repositories/3/resources/612"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Morgan family"],"creator_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Morgan family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Morgan family"],"creators_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Morgan family"],"places_ssim":["Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 items"],"extent_tesim":["12 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1813\"\u003eThis collection is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, the family of Joseph B. and Annie Lamb Morgan resided in Currituck County, North Carolina. One of the Morgan sons, Patrick H. (1844-1917), was a cadet at VMI from 1862-1864. During his cadetship, he took part in the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. After the War, Patrick studied law, but did not practice. He then engaged in business and was a state senator in the North Carolina legislature. He was subsequently a district supervisor of the United States Life Saving Service (now the United States Coast Guard). Patrick died on August 27, 1917 in Shawboro, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the Civil War, the family of Joseph B. and Annie Lamb Morgan resided in Currituck County, North Carolina. One of the Morgan sons, Patrick H. (1844-1917), was a cadet at VMI from 1862-1864. During his cadetship, he took part in the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. After the War, Patrick studied law, but did not practice. He then engaged in business and was a state senator in the North Carolina legislature. He was subsequently a district supervisor of the United States Life Saving Service (now the United States Coast Guard). Patrick died on August 27, 1917 in Shawboro, North Carolina."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eForestville N. C.\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 2d 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFriend Pat\u003cbr\u003e\nI was in Currituck a few days ago and saw your father. He gave me a letter to bring out for you which I have this day mailed to you. He requested me to write to you and tell you where to write to him at so that he could get it.  If you would write to him and enclose it to me at Murfreesboro NC I will endeavor to get it to him. Say to Col. Shaw and Mr. Woods sons that if they will do the same I will try to forward their letters on for them. I hear that Pat Grandy was killed at Richmond. Poor fellow I am sorry for him he was a brave little fellow. Write soon as I shall be in Murfreesboro in about six day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours very Respectfully\u003cbr\u003e\n[D. W. ?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbram Riddicks Farm.  Hertford Co. NC\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Pat\u003cbr\u003e\nI have just come through the lines and have with me a letter for you which I will mail at Weldon.  Write to me immediately on the reception of this and I may be able to carry it through to your father on my return.  Tom Hampkins and myself are going to Raleigh with a lunatic.  Then I am going to Greensboro Lincolnton and Charlotte.  Bill [Dozier] is married to Miss Barnard.  Mr. Wigginton is dear and there is much sickness in Currituck.  The Yankees are carrying on high in E. City [Elizabeth City]. [They] have nearly driven all the citizens away [from] E. City now and then killing one.  They murdered George Fearing last Thursday.  They have destroyed the Salt works on the banks \u0026amp; c \u0026amp; c.  Excuse this bad writing.  I am in a hurry and have a miserable pen.  Give my regards Will Shaw and Mr. Wood.  Tell them both their familys are well.  I was at Dr. Woods a few days ago.  Write and direct your letter to my care Weldon\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours in friendship\u003cbr\u003e\nW. H. [Cowell]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePat I broke open your leeter to put this in is the cause of it looking so ragged about the envelope\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Galtin Murfreesboro\u003cbr\u003e\nNC March the 12 64\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour letter of the 26 of Feb came to hand on yesterday and found me well except weakness. I have just returned from Camden. I had a sick furlough and it happened in a good time the confederates went down just behind me and placed their pickets at [Shingle] Landing. You may depend that I had a gay time we had a party at Mr. J. Ambros Doziers we danced nearly all night. I danced the first set with Cousin Arch [?] the second with Maggie Fanshaw. Mr. Ambrose Dozier also danced we had three members of the church on the floor at once. I went to see Shaw. I stopped at by yur house a day or two they were all well I believe. I went to see my [?] twice while I was in there and found her as lovely as ever. She is as perfect as an angel and as precious as a diamond. I went to school with her both times walked with her alone to the academy and spoke of the pst present and future. Jessy Williams has gone in on furlough this morning.  I wrote to Mattie and sent your enclosed to the [?].  Marcus [Tavells] was in on furlough the same time that I was he came out with me we had fine times together. Try to get a leave of absence and come and see me.  Mattie sends her respects to you and says she would be pleased to see you if you will write me when you think you can get one I will manage to get one the same time and we will go in together. I have not time to write much more as I have to mke out requistitions for rations for the men this evening. Our company are all in Camden except 8 and they are without shoes consequently they nor myself have but little duty to perform. We manage to draw rations enough for ourselves and cook and eat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf I have accused you wrongfully I beg your pardon. You spoke of my flirting with my intended much sooner would I destroy my own life. What deceive my first and only love and the best girl that ever graced the side of a gentleman do not speak of it again you will me tremble to think of such vile thing. You speak of being low spirited you must cheer up and if you will do you duty I think you will be able to accomplish all you wish for I have made Mat promise to use her influence in your behalf and you know she can be of much use to you. I had a letter from a young lady in Petersburg yesterday she thinks I am a flirt little does she think that I am engaged but I will not deceive her any longer for I respect her very highly. I will ask to be excused and to be her friend in the future and not a lover. Our Regt. will start over the river tomorrow morning. I have had the men that are with me belonging to our Company excused from this march they seem to be very much pleased at it.  We will have the whole camp to oursleves. I wish you were with me so that we could lay in our bunk and talk of our sweethearts. I hope the time is not far distant when we will be able to go where we please then we can visit our sweethearts and not be looking for the infernal yankees to come and capture us. I also had a leter from brother Isaac he is well and in Petersburg. I believe all of our friends and relatives are well. Write soon and tell Wood to write to me. Give my respects to all of my inquiring friends if any and reserve a greater portion for yourself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour cousin\u003cbr\u003e\nJno B. Wiginton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Ridge\u003cbr\u003e\nCurrituck County, Jany 28/63\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you. The last one I think was dated the 16 of November last. We heard from you by Albert, who got safely home, but destroyed all the letters he brought off with him for fear of falling into the hands of enemies. He reported you\ntolerably well- but gives a horrid description of your fare, \u0026amp; seems very glad to get home even under the circumstances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Uncle James has again been driven from his home by the shelling of his premises, and together with his family is now residing with us. Albert is going to school to Mr. Lowe, who now has a very large school. Since I last wrote you we have the distressing intelligence of the death\nof your Uncle [Geo?]. He was killed at Fredericksburg. His family is in great distress. They are making arrangements for moving back to Currituck \u0026amp; will reside with William [D___], who was recently married to Miss[A_nett] Barnard. Your Ma is in deep distress in consequence of her brother's death. She takes it very hard indeed. Otherwise we are getting along about as we have been for the last eighteen months.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe enemy occasionally makes raids upon us \u0026amp; plunder \u0026amp; destroy our property. A few weeks ago they came over to Indian Town \u0026amp; burned all the buildings on Dr. Marchant's place, opposite where he used to live, together with the academy, \u0026amp; plundered several citizens, taking horses, carts, [__groes], salt \u0026amp; c. They have since removed from Shiloh \u0026amp; have made their headquarters at E. City.  One of their officers, a Capt. Sanders was killed in the street the night of the 5th inst.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Diphtheria has been very prevalent this winter. I believe I wrote you of the death of two of Mr. Baxter's children. Now I have to inform you of the death of [Suda] Shaw of the same horrible disease. It was a heart rending scene to witness the distress of the family. I deeply sympathize with the bereaved parents, but for [Suda], we know she is better off. She is beyond the reach of harm, safe in her Heavenly Father's arms. Jodie has been strongly threatened with the same disease, if indeed he has not had it in a modified form. All of us have had sore throats \u0026amp; your Ma has been doctoring for diphtheria. All are however better now, Lillie \u0026amp; Ida going to school \u0026amp; Jodie playing about the house as lively as ever. He has grown very much since you saw him, \u0026amp; talks quite plain. You would hardly know him. from home and hoping soon to hear from you. You cannot imagine how anxious we are to hear from you, or surely you would write much oftener than you do. What can be the matter? Is it that you do not write, or does your letters miscarry? I know not the cause, but whatever it may be should be very glad if it could be remedied. I know not how to direct you more than I have. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are so many changes. I received one letter from Mr. Lassiter from Mr. [Boro]. Since then I learn he has sold out \u0026amp; removed, so you must seek for information \u0026amp; opportunities, \u0026amp; neglect no possible chance of letting us hear from you. I have committed you unto Him that is able to keep you, and I forget not my prayers morning \u0026amp; night to beseech Him to take care of you, to preserve \u0026amp; keep you from all evil \u0026amp; harm, and restore you again to the bosom of the family, if it can accord with His blessed will. All send their love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Father. Jos. B. Morgan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeby 13 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have just heard that the guerillas had attacked the enemy in Pasquotank killing [Tim.] Cox \u0026amp; probably some others. We hear that the Capt. commanding in E. City [Elizabeth City] has ordered all the people white \u0026amp; black to report to him, \u0026amp; it is said he intends to compel them to take up arms. The whole country is in a perfect ferment. The people are growing desperate \u0026amp; the inhuman conduct of our enemies seems to be driving every man capable of bearing arms into the bushes or into the army. How long such a state of things is to exist the Lord only can determine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy health is very bad just now. I am suffering among other things with sore throat, \u0026amp; have been for some time past.  The rest of the family are well.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI should be so glad to hear from you. Not one word yet since Albert left have we heard from you. Mrs. Shaw gets letters from Willie \u0026amp; Julian \u0026amp; I should suppose yours could come in the same way. Send them to Col. Shaw \u0026amp; he will forward them if you will request him to do so I am sure. Your Ma sends her love \u0026amp; says she would like to write, but you must not think because she does not, she has forgotten you. Other causes prevents. I have hastily penned these few lines this morning having just heard of an opportunity for sending a letter out. Your Uncle James is still with us \u0026amp; talks of coming out soon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Father. Jos. B. Morgan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCurrituck County\u003cbr\u003e\nJany. 3d 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you \u0026amp; we are beginning to feel very anxious to hear from you. I wrote you a short time since giving a short statement of our troubles \u0026amp; the devastations \u0026amp; excitement produced by a Brigade of negro troops under Gen. Wild passing through our county. But it is utterly impossible for me to give you anything like a correct idea of the state of things in our midst. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have just returned home from Fortress Monroe. The citizens of our county held a meeting \u0026amp; appointed Dr. Cowell, A. J. Lowe, B. L. Dey, B. M. Baxter \u0026amp; myself a committee to proceed to Old Point, the Headquarters of Gen. Butler, who is in command of the Department of Va. \u0026amp; N. C., for the purpose of ascertaining what was required of the peaceful inhabitants to secure their property from destruction \u0026amp; their dwellings from the flames. We left home last Sunday \u0026amp; passed through their lines by way of Deep Creek. Col. DeForest in command at North West treated us very courteously \u0026amp; and gave us a passport to Gen. Getty's headquarters, which is some three miles back of Portsmouth. We had a very pleasant interview with Gen. Getty, who seems to be a perfect gentleman, and who kindly facilitated our business by giving us a passport and transportation to Gen. Butler's Headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTuesday morning at 8 o'clock we took the boat for Old Point, where we arrived about ten A.M. We obtained an interview with Gen. Butler about three o'clock P. M. He received us very respectfully \u0026amp; treated us very courteously, and after hearing our statement conversed with us some half an hour or more very pleasantly. He said nothing was required of us only to remain peaceful and use our influence to put down guerrillaing \u0026amp; blockade running; that being accomplished we should not be further molested by his troops; that he did not include us in his general order no. 49, nor did he consider us within his lines. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe returned home \u0026amp; reported the result of our interview with Gen. Butler. We had hardly got home when a squad was sent out to enroll the inhabitants of Camden \u0026amp; Currituck. We are inclined to believe, however, they are recalled \u0026amp; we may be allowed a short respite.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Ma has been quite ill but is now fast recovering. Jodie is suffering from croup very much. All the rest are tolerable well. I am not very well but hope am improving. Everything is excitement \u0026amp; suspense \u0026amp; God only knows how we are to get along. All is gloom \u0026amp; doubt around us, but God governs in the affairs of men \u0026amp; will bring all things right in the end. You Ma is trying to get some shirts ready for you, and whenever we can procure anything for you will send by the first opportunity. Some of my friends talk of going to Richmond \u0026amp; if they do I shall try to send my horse  by them with instructions to sell him \u0026amp; send you the money. It may come when you do not need it \u0026amp; if so take care of it for future use. You must be economical \u0026amp; make the best use you can of both time \u0026amp; money. Should they bring him out, I shall instruct them to\nsell him and have the money insured \u0026amp; sent by express to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll send their love \u0026amp; best wishes, and I pray that a kind Providence may preserve and protect you my dear son.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Father. J. B. M.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. Since writing the enclosed your two letters of the 13th and 27th of Decr. have come to hand. We are glad to learn you are so well after your exposure \u0026amp; hope you will not suffer any very serious consequences. All are well at present \u0026amp; send their love. Those gentlemen I spoke of coming out have returned. They sold my horse for $600 \u0026amp; I trust you have recd. the money. J.B. M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Ridge\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 16th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nI embrace the opportunity this morning, as Mr. Forbs is just going out, to write you a few lines, to let you know we have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 26th of April, that we were all well, \u0026amp; made still more happy on hearing glorious news from Va. The N. York Herald admits that Grant has been terribly whipped \u0026amp; driven back with the loss of only 41.000 including 7 Major Gens. \u0026amp; some 15 Brigadiers. We have rumors that the Yanks have also been badly worsted near Petersburg \u0026amp; driven back with considerable loss. Also various other rumors of the capture of the \"Beast\" \u0026amp; c \u0026amp; c. which if true you have no doubt heard ere this, as you can learn the truth much earlier than we can. Should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day. I think there can scarcely be a doubt of the truth of Grant's disaster. I did not see the statement myself, but Mr. Hilliard Baxter told me he had read it in last Thursday's Herald \u0026amp; you may be sure his loss is much greater than the Herald would admit. The Yanks have been making frequent raids among us for the last three weeks, one a week at least. Saturday night they carried off one of my mules, but I was fortunate enough to recover him on Sunday.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am glad to learn you were pleased with your things. The boots \u0026amp; gloves I expected would be full large, but it was the best I could do, \u0026amp; your cloth, how does it suit you? It was nearest the color that could be got. We have felt a great deal of anxiety about you of late, fearing that the Yankees would get so near, you would have to take the field again [see note below], but if Grant is driven back we should feel much easier on that account. I forgot to say that our joy at the good news was somewhat allayed by a report that the brave \u0026amp; noble Gen. Longstreet was badly wounded, Pickett \u0026amp; Jenkins \u0026amp; some others killed. I trust the reports may not be true, but should it prove true, God will raise up others to fill their places. He will not suffer our enemies to succeed in this unjust, cruel \u0026amp; unholy war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI said we were all well. Jodie has slight chills \u0026amp; fevers, caused perhaps by the [days?] of The Measles--he says he wants to see Bro. Pat mighty bad. He has been keeping you some apples but has been compelled to eat them, to keep them from rotting. The children all send their love. Mr. Low \u0026amp; family request me to send their respects. Mrs. Shaw \u0026amp; family are well.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my respects to Willie, Jule \u0026amp; all your friends. Write often. May a kind Providence continue to watch over you \u0026amp; protect you my dear son. Your Father. J. B. M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Ridge\u003cbr\u003e\nOct 31st 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nAfter so long a time I find an opportunity of sending you a few lines from home, as I know you are very anxious to hear from us all. Your note from Riddick's Ferry was received, though not until we heard from you through your friend from [K/Hitt___?] \u0026amp; who also delivered me a package of smoking tobacco, which was very acceptable, \u0026amp; for which accept\nmy thanks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have had a good long respite from the Raiders, not having been troubled with any since you left. They have passed on the Indian Town Road once since, but none came up our road. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand. We are still having the most delightful weather. It is so dry we can scarcely get water to use. I have never seen so dry a season. Mr. Lowe and myself have just finished making syrup. We have made about 70 gals., enough to serve us the next year plentifully. I am again without any help at all. Mr. Sawyer \u0026amp; his wife left the week you went away. I do not know how I shall manage to house my crop as there is no laborers to be had.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few days after you left I saw the order postponing the commencement of your school until the 10th of Novr., and ordering the cadets to report for temporary duty at Camp Lee. I suppose you are still there, though according to the order will soon leave for school. I shall therefore leave the direction of my letter to the friend who will take it out after he can ascertain your whereabouts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are all in as good health as usual. I am still very much troubled with rheumatism in my arm, which bothers me very much. You must write me every opportunity, tell me how you are getting on, \u0026amp; how you have disposed of your money, and do not forget to have the discrepancy in your account corrected. And above all things else my Dear Son do not\nforget, nor neglect, your duties to your Heavenly Father; let not your young \u0026amp; gay companions lead you astray, nor tempt you to neglect your religious duties, and may our Heavenly Father keep you as in the hollow of his hand, shield \u0026amp; protect you from all danger \u0026amp; harm, and restore you to us again in His own good time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI forgot to tell you the result of our meeting. It closed on Sunday after you left, and on Monday seventeen were baptized \u0026amp; added to the church, among them our neighbor Mr. John Fanshaw.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Ma, Archie, \u0026amp; the children all send their love. Frank is on a visit to Mayock \u0026amp; will write you soon. Write him often. Mrs. Shaw \u0026amp; family are all well. Tell Willie he must write me sometimes. Give him my respects \u0026amp; tell him not to forget his good resolutions \u0026amp; to never stop until he has obtained the pearl of great price. God bless \u0026amp; protect you my dear\nson is the constant prayer of our father.\u003cbr\u003e\nJ. B. M.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIda sends you some money, $2.00.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from morning drill on April 15 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was a very rainy and disagreeable morning, and my shoews being very inferior, also having a cold, I thought it very imprudent for me to go, as it would make me worse.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Commandant of Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Overcoat on Post after taps. April 23 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was a very chilly night and I felt very uncomfortable without an overcoat and as I was unwell I thought it very imprudent to be without it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Commandant of Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Visiting on the 8th of May [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI had just come out of the hospital and could not find any of my books in my room, they had been misplaced during my absence, some of my roommates told me that some one in No. 34 had borrowed them.  I went in to get them, and while doing so, I was reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Commandant of Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from drill on May 12th [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I had come from the funeral of Genl. Paxton, the day being very warm, and having marched nearly 3 miles, I was taken with a very severe headache, which compelled me to take my bed and rendered me entirely unfit to attend to the above duty.  At the time for sick call I reported to the surgeon and got some medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Surgeon V. M. I.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Forestville N. C. \nJuly 2d 1862","Friend Pat \nI was in Currituck a few days ago and saw your father. He gave me a letter to bring out for you which I have this day mailed to you. He requested me to write to you and tell you where to write to him at so that he could get it.  If you would write to him and enclose it to me at Murfreesboro NC I will endeavor to get it to him. Say to Col. Shaw and Mr. Woods sons that if they will do the same I will try to forward their letters on for them. I hear that Pat Grandy was killed at Richmond. Poor fellow I am sorry for him he was a brave little fellow. Write soon as I shall be in Murfreesboro in about six day.","Yours very Respectfully \n[D. W. ?]","Abram Riddicks Farm.  Hertford Co. NC","Dear Pat \nI have just come through the lines and have with me a letter for you which I will mail at Weldon.  Write to me immediately on the reception of this and I may be able to carry it through to your father on my return.  Tom Hampkins and myself are going to Raleigh with a lunatic.  Then I am going to Greensboro Lincolnton and Charlotte.  Bill [Dozier] is married to Miss Barnard.  Mr. Wigginton is dear and there is much sickness in Currituck.  The Yankees are carrying on high in E. City [Elizabeth City]. [They] have nearly driven all the citizens away [from] E. City now and then killing one.  They murdered George Fearing last Thursday.  They have destroyed the Salt works on the banks \u0026 c \u0026 c.  Excuse this bad writing.  I am in a hurry and have a miserable pen.  Give my regards Will Shaw and Mr. Wood.  Tell them both their familys are well.  I was at Dr. Woods a few days ago.  Write and direct your letter to my care Weldon","Yours in friendship \nW. H. [Cowell]","Pat I broke open your leeter to put this in is the cause of it looking so ragged about the envelope","Camp Galtin Murfreesboro \nNC March the 12 64","Your letter of the 26 of Feb came to hand on yesterday and found me well except weakness. I have just returned from Camden. I had a sick furlough and it happened in a good time the confederates went down just behind me and placed their pickets at [Shingle] Landing. You may depend that I had a gay time we had a party at Mr. J. Ambros Doziers we danced nearly all night. I danced the first set with Cousin Arch [?] the second with Maggie Fanshaw. Mr. Ambrose Dozier also danced we had three members of the church on the floor at once. I went to see Shaw. I stopped at by yur house a day or two they were all well I believe. I went to see my [?] twice while I was in there and found her as lovely as ever. She is as perfect as an angel and as precious as a diamond. I went to school with her both times walked with her alone to the academy and spoke of the pst present and future. Jessy Williams has gone in on furlough this morning.  I wrote to Mattie and sent your enclosed to the [?].  Marcus [Tavells] was in on furlough the same time that I was he came out with me we had fine times together. Try to get a leave of absence and come and see me.  Mattie sends her respects to you and says she would be pleased to see you if you will write me when you think you can get one I will manage to get one the same time and we will go in together. I have not time to write much more as I have to mke out requistitions for rations for the men this evening. Our company are all in Camden except 8 and they are without shoes consequently they nor myself have but little duty to perform. We manage to draw rations enough for ourselves and cook and eat.","If I have accused you wrongfully I beg your pardon. You spoke of my flirting with my intended much sooner would I destroy my own life. What deceive my first and only love and the best girl that ever graced the side of a gentleman do not speak of it again you will me tremble to think of such vile thing. You speak of being low spirited you must cheer up and if you will do you duty I think you will be able to accomplish all you wish for I have made Mat promise to use her influence in your behalf and you know she can be of much use to you. I had a letter from a young lady in Petersburg yesterday she thinks I am a flirt little does she think that I am engaged but I will not deceive her any longer for I respect her very highly. I will ask to be excused and to be her friend in the future and not a lover. Our Regt. will start over the river tomorrow morning. I have had the men that are with me belonging to our Company excused from this march they seem to be very much pleased at it.  We will have the whole camp to oursleves. I wish you were with me so that we could lay in our bunk and talk of our sweethearts. I hope the time is not far distant when we will be able to go where we please then we can visit our sweethearts and not be looking for the infernal yankees to come and capture us. I also had a leter from brother Isaac he is well and in Petersburg. I believe all of our friends and relatives are well. Write soon and tell Wood to write to me. Give my respects to all of my inquiring friends if any and reserve a greater portion for yourself.","Your cousin \nJno B. Wiginton","Indian Ridge \nCurrituck County, Jany 28/63","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you. The last one I think was dated the 16 of November last. We heard from you by Albert, who got safely home, but destroyed all the letters he brought off with him for fear of falling into the hands of enemies. He reported you\ntolerably well- but gives a horrid description of your fare, \u0026 seems very glad to get home even under the circumstances.","Your Uncle James has again been driven from his home by the shelling of his premises, and together with his family is now residing with us. Albert is going to school to Mr. Lowe, who now has a very large school. Since I last wrote you we have the distressing intelligence of the death\nof your Uncle [Geo?]. He was killed at Fredericksburg. His family is in great distress. They are making arrangements for moving back to Currituck \u0026 will reside with William [D___], who was recently married to Miss[A_nett] Barnard. Your Ma is in deep distress in consequence of her brother's death. She takes it very hard indeed. Otherwise we are getting along about as we have been for the last eighteen months.","The enemy occasionally makes raids upon us \u0026 plunder \u0026 destroy our property. A few weeks ago they came over to Indian Town \u0026 burned all the buildings on Dr. Marchant's place, opposite where he used to live, together with the academy, \u0026 plundered several citizens, taking horses, carts, [__groes], salt \u0026 c. They have since removed from Shiloh \u0026 have made their headquarters at E. City.  One of their officers, a Capt. Sanders was killed in the street the night of the 5th inst.","The Diphtheria has been very prevalent this winter. I believe I wrote you of the death of two of Mr. Baxter's children. Now I have to inform you of the death of [Suda] Shaw of the same horrible disease. It was a heart rending scene to witness the distress of the family. I deeply sympathize with the bereaved parents, but for [Suda], we know she is better off. She is beyond the reach of harm, safe in her Heavenly Father's arms. Jodie has been strongly threatened with the same disease, if indeed he has not had it in a modified form. All of us have had sore throats \u0026 your Ma has been doctoring for diphtheria. All are however better now, Lillie \u0026 Ida going to school \u0026 Jodie playing about the house as lively as ever. He has grown very much since you saw him, \u0026 talks quite plain. You would hardly know him. from home and hoping soon to hear from you. You cannot imagine how anxious we are to hear from you, or surely you would write much oftener than you do. What can be the matter? Is it that you do not write, or does your letters miscarry? I know not the cause, but whatever it may be should be very glad if it could be remedied. I know not how to direct you more than I have. ","There are so many changes. I received one letter from Mr. Lassiter from Mr. [Boro]. Since then I learn he has sold out \u0026 removed, so you must seek for information \u0026 opportunities, \u0026 neglect no possible chance of letting us hear from you. I have committed you unto Him that is able to keep you, and I forget not my prayers morning \u0026 night to beseech Him to take care of you, to preserve \u0026 keep you from all evil \u0026 harm, and restore you again to the bosom of the family, if it can accord with His blessed will. All send their love.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Feby 13 [1863]","We have just heard that the guerillas had attacked the enemy in Pasquotank killing [Tim.] Cox \u0026 probably some others. We hear that the Capt. commanding in E. City [Elizabeth City] has ordered all the people white \u0026 black to report to him, \u0026 it is said he intends to compel them to take up arms. The whole country is in a perfect ferment. The people are growing desperate \u0026 the inhuman conduct of our enemies seems to be driving every man capable of bearing arms into the bushes or into the army. How long such a state of things is to exist the Lord only can determine.","My health is very bad just now. I am suffering among other things with sore throat, \u0026 have been for some time past.  The rest of the family are well.","I should be so glad to hear from you. Not one word yet since Albert left have we heard from you. Mrs. Shaw gets letters from Willie \u0026 Julian \u0026 I should suppose yours could come in the same way. Send them to Col. Shaw \u0026 he will forward them if you will request him to do so I am sure. Your Ma sends her love \u0026 says she would like to write, but you must not think because she does not, she has forgotten you. Other causes prevents. I have hastily penned these few lines this morning having just heard of an opportunity for sending a letter out. Your Uncle James is still with us \u0026 talks of coming out soon.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Currituck County \nJany. 3d 1864","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you \u0026 we are beginning to feel very anxious to hear from you. I wrote you a short time since giving a short statement of our troubles \u0026 the devastations \u0026 excitement produced by a Brigade of negro troops under Gen. Wild passing through our county. But it is utterly impossible for me to give you anything like a correct idea of the state of things in our midst. ","I have just returned home from Fortress Monroe. The citizens of our county held a meeting \u0026 appointed Dr. Cowell, A. J. Lowe, B. L. Dey, B. M. Baxter \u0026 myself a committee to proceed to Old Point, the Headquarters of Gen. Butler, who is in command of the Department of Va. \u0026 N. C., for the purpose of ascertaining what was required of the peaceful inhabitants to secure their property from destruction \u0026 their dwellings from the flames. We left home last Sunday \u0026 passed through their lines by way of Deep Creek. Col. DeForest in command at North West treated us very courteously \u0026 and gave us a passport to Gen. Getty's headquarters, which is some three miles back of Portsmouth. We had a very pleasant interview with Gen. Getty, who seems to be a perfect gentleman, and who kindly facilitated our business by giving us a passport and transportation to Gen. Butler's Headquarters.","Tuesday morning at 8 o'clock we took the boat for Old Point, where we arrived about ten A.M. We obtained an interview with Gen. Butler about three o'clock P. M. He received us very respectfully \u0026 treated us very courteously, and after hearing our statement conversed with us some half an hour or more very pleasantly. He said nothing was required of us only to remain peaceful and use our influence to put down guerrillaing \u0026 blockade running; that being accomplished we should not be further molested by his troops; that he did not include us in his general order no. 49, nor did he consider us within his lines. ","We returned home \u0026 reported the result of our interview with Gen. Butler. We had hardly got home when a squad was sent out to enroll the inhabitants of Camden \u0026 Currituck. We are inclined to believe, however, they are recalled \u0026 we may be allowed a short respite.","Your Ma has been quite ill but is now fast recovering. Jodie is suffering from croup very much. All the rest are tolerable well. I am not very well but hope am improving. Everything is excitement \u0026 suspense \u0026 God only knows how we are to get along. All is gloom \u0026 doubt around us, but God governs in the affairs of men \u0026 will bring all things right in the end. You Ma is trying to get some shirts ready for you, and whenever we can procure anything for you will send by the first opportunity. Some of my friends talk of going to Richmond \u0026 if they do I shall try to send my horse  by them with instructions to sell him \u0026 send you the money. It may come when you do not need it \u0026 if so take care of it for future use. You must be economical \u0026 make the best use you can of both time \u0026 money. Should they bring him out, I shall instruct them to\nsell him and have the money insured \u0026 sent by express to you.","All send their love \u0026 best wishes, and I pray that a kind Providence may preserve and protect you my dear son. \nYour Father. J. B. M.","P.S. Since writing the enclosed your two letters of the 13th and 27th of Decr. have come to hand. We are glad to learn you are so well after your exposure \u0026 hope you will not suffer any very serious consequences. All are well at present \u0026 send their love. Those gentlemen I spoke of coming out have returned. They sold my horse for $600 \u0026 I trust you have recd. the money. J.B. M.","Indian Ridge \nMay 16th 1864","My Dear Son- \nI embrace the opportunity this morning, as Mr. Forbs is just going out, to write you a few lines, to let you know we have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 26th of April, that we were all well, \u0026 made still more happy on hearing glorious news from Va. The N. York Herald admits that Grant has been terribly whipped \u0026 driven back with the loss of only 41.000 including 7 Major Gens. \u0026 some 15 Brigadiers. We have rumors that the Yanks have also been badly worsted near Petersburg \u0026 driven back with considerable loss. Also various other rumors of the capture of the \"Beast\" \u0026 c \u0026 c. which if true you have no doubt heard ere this, as you can learn the truth much earlier than we can. Should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day. I think there can scarcely be a doubt of the truth of Grant's disaster. I did not see the statement myself, but Mr. Hilliard Baxter told me he had read it in last Thursday's Herald \u0026 you may be sure his loss is much greater than the Herald would admit. The Yanks have been making frequent raids among us for the last three weeks, one a week at least. Saturday night they carried off one of my mules, but I was fortunate enough to recover him on Sunday.","I am glad to learn you were pleased with your things. The boots \u0026 gloves I expected would be full large, but it was the best I could do, \u0026 your cloth, how does it suit you? It was nearest the color that could be got. We have felt a great deal of anxiety about you of late, fearing that the Yankees would get so near, you would have to take the field again [see note below], but if Grant is driven back we should feel much easier on that account. I forgot to say that our joy at the good news was somewhat allayed by a report that the brave \u0026 noble Gen. Longstreet was badly wounded, Pickett \u0026 Jenkins \u0026 some others killed. I trust the reports may not be true, but should it prove true, God will raise up others to fill their places. He will not suffer our enemies to succeed in this unjust, cruel \u0026 unholy war.","I said we were all well. Jodie has slight chills \u0026 fevers, caused perhaps by the [days?] of The Measles--he says he wants to see Bro. Pat mighty bad. He has been keeping you some apples but has been compelled to eat them, to keep them from rotting. The children all send their love. Mr. Low \u0026 family request me to send their respects. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are well.","Give my respects to Willie, Jule \u0026 all your friends. Write often. May a kind Providence continue to watch over you \u0026 protect you my dear son. Your Father. J. B. M.","Indian Ridge \nOct 31st 1864","My Dear Son- \nAfter so long a time I find an opportunity of sending you a few lines from home, as I know you are very anxious to hear from us all. Your note from Riddick's Ferry was received, though not until we heard from you through your friend from [K/Hitt___?] \u0026 who also delivered me a package of smoking tobacco, which was very acceptable, \u0026 for which accept\nmy thanks.","We have had a good long respite from the Raiders, not having been troubled with any since you left. They have passed on the Indian Town Road once since, but none came up our road. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand. We are still having the most delightful weather. It is so dry we can scarcely get water to use. I have never seen so dry a season. Mr. Lowe and myself have just finished making syrup. We have made about 70 gals., enough to serve us the next year plentifully. I am again without any help at all. Mr. Sawyer \u0026 his wife left the week you went away. I do not know how I shall manage to house my crop as there is no laborers to be had.","A few days after you left I saw the order postponing the commencement of your school until the 10th of Novr., and ordering the cadets to report for temporary duty at Camp Lee. I suppose you are still there, though according to the order will soon leave for school. I shall therefore leave the direction of my letter to the friend who will take it out after he can ascertain your whereabouts.","We are all in as good health as usual. I am still very much troubled with rheumatism in my arm, which bothers me very much. You must write me every opportunity, tell me how you are getting on, \u0026 how you have disposed of your money, and do not forget to have the discrepancy in your account corrected. And above all things else my Dear Son do not\nforget, nor neglect, your duties to your Heavenly Father; let not your young \u0026 gay companions lead you astray, nor tempt you to neglect your religious duties, and may our Heavenly Father keep you as in the hollow of his hand, shield \u0026 protect you from all danger \u0026 harm, and restore you to us again in His own good time. ","I forgot to tell you the result of our meeting. It closed on Sunday after you left, and on Monday seventeen were baptized \u0026 added to the church, among them our neighbor Mr. John Fanshaw.","Your Ma, Archie, \u0026 the children all send their love. Frank is on a visit to Mayock \u0026 will write you soon. Write him often. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are all well. Tell Willie he must write me sometimes. Give him my respects \u0026 tell him not to forget his good resolutions \u0026 to never stop until he has obtained the pearl of great price. God bless \u0026 protect you my dear\nson is the constant prayer of our father. \nJ. B. M.","Ida sends you some money, $2.00.","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from morning drill on April 15 [1863]","It was a very rainy and disagreeable morning, and my shoews being very inferior, also having a cold, I thought it very imprudent for me to go, as it would make me worse.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Overcoat on Post after taps. April 23 [1863]","It was a very chilly night and I felt very uncomfortable without an overcoat and as I was unwell I thought it very imprudent to be without it.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Visiting on the 8th of May [1863]","I had just come out of the hospital and could not find any of my books in my room, they had been misplaced during my absence, some of my roommates told me that some one in No. 34 had borrowed them.  I went in to get them, and while doing so, I was reported.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from drill on May 12th [1863]","When I had come from the funeral of Genl. Paxton, the day being very warm, and having marched nearly 3 miles, I was taken with a very severe headache, which compelled me to take my bed and rendered me entirely unfit to attend to the above duty.  At the time for sick call I reported to the surgeon and got some medicine.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Surgeon V. M. I."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorgan Family Civil War papers, 1862-1864. MS 0356. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers, 1862-1864. MS 0356. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included are Cadet Morgan's written excuses (four items) to the VMI Commandant for various infractions for the period of April to May 1863.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Forestville, North Carolina. Letter regards mail from James B. Morgan and the death of Pat Grandy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Hertford County, North Carolina. Letter regards family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Galtin Murfreesboro.\" Letter regards personal and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Currituck County, North Carolina. Letter regards wartime civilian life, the death of an uncle in battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and enemy raids.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards enemy treatment of civilians and family news. Letter also mentions \"Willie\" who is William Brenton Shaw, VMI Class of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Currituck County, North Carolina. The letter includes a detailed account of the journey of a  committee of citizens to appeal to Union General Butler to \"secure their property from destruction.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and discusses rumors of a major Confederate victory, stating \"should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and cautions son against neglecting his \"religious duties.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten excuses by Cadet Patrick Morgan submitted to the VMI Commandant. These were explanations given by cadets after breaking a regulation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. ","Also included are Cadet Morgan's written excuses (four items) to the VMI Commandant for various infractions for the period of April to May 1863.","Written from Forestville, North Carolina. Letter regards mail from James B. Morgan and the death of Pat Grandy.","Written from Hertford County, North Carolina. Letter regards family news.","Written from \"Camp Galtin Murfreesboro.\" Letter regards personal and family news.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. Letter regards wartime civilian life, the death of an uncle in battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and enemy raids.","Letter regards enemy treatment of civilians and family news. Letter also mentions \"Willie\" who is William Brenton Shaw, VMI Class of 1865.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. The letter includes a detailed account of the journey of a  committee of citizens to appeal to Union General Butler to \"secure their property from destruction.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and discusses rumors of a major Confederate victory, stating \"should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and cautions son against neglecting his \"religious duties.\"","Written excuses by Cadet Patrick Morgan submitted to the VMI Commandant. These were explanations given by cadets after breaking a regulation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f20f82c4c3cf6dfb048677ca709303e6\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Morgan family","Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Shaw, William B. (William Brenton), 1843-1908"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Morgan family"],"persname_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Shaw, William B. (William Brenton), 1843-1908"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:53.647Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_612.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00027.xml","title_ssm":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0356","/repositories/3/resources/612"],"text":["MS.0356","/repositories/3/resources/612","Morgan Family Civil War papers","Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","This collection is available online","During the Civil War, the family of Joseph B. and Annie Lamb Morgan resided in Currituck County, North Carolina. One of the Morgan sons, Patrick H. (1844-1917), was a cadet at VMI from 1862-1864. During his cadetship, he took part in the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. After the War, Patrick studied law, but did not practice. He then engaged in business and was a state senator in the North Carolina legislature. He was subsequently a district supervisor of the United States Life Saving Service (now the United States Coast Guard). Patrick died on August 27, 1917 in Shawboro, North Carolina.","Forestville N. C. \nJuly 2d 1862","Friend Pat \nI was in Currituck a few days ago and saw your father. He gave me a letter to bring out for you which I have this day mailed to you. He requested me to write to you and tell you where to write to him at so that he could get it.  If you would write to him and enclose it to me at Murfreesboro NC I will endeavor to get it to him. Say to Col. Shaw and Mr. Woods sons that if they will do the same I will try to forward their letters on for them. I hear that Pat Grandy was killed at Richmond. Poor fellow I am sorry for him he was a brave little fellow. Write soon as I shall be in Murfreesboro in about six day.","Yours very Respectfully \n[D. W. ?]","Abram Riddicks Farm.  Hertford Co. NC","Dear Pat \nI have just come through the lines and have with me a letter for you which I will mail at Weldon.  Write to me immediately on the reception of this and I may be able to carry it through to your father on my return.  Tom Hampkins and myself are going to Raleigh with a lunatic.  Then I am going to Greensboro Lincolnton and Charlotte.  Bill [Dozier] is married to Miss Barnard.  Mr. Wigginton is dear and there is much sickness in Currituck.  The Yankees are carrying on high in E. City [Elizabeth City]. [They] have nearly driven all the citizens away [from] E. City now and then killing one.  They murdered George Fearing last Thursday.  They have destroyed the Salt works on the banks \u0026 c \u0026 c.  Excuse this bad writing.  I am in a hurry and have a miserable pen.  Give my regards Will Shaw and Mr. Wood.  Tell them both their familys are well.  I was at Dr. Woods a few days ago.  Write and direct your letter to my care Weldon","Yours in friendship \nW. H. [Cowell]","Pat I broke open your leeter to put this in is the cause of it looking so ragged about the envelope","Camp Galtin Murfreesboro \nNC March the 12 64","Your letter of the 26 of Feb came to hand on yesterday and found me well except weakness. I have just returned from Camden. I had a sick furlough and it happened in a good time the confederates went down just behind me and placed their pickets at [Shingle] Landing. You may depend that I had a gay time we had a party at Mr. J. Ambros Doziers we danced nearly all night. I danced the first set with Cousin Arch [?] the second with Maggie Fanshaw. Mr. Ambrose Dozier also danced we had three members of the church on the floor at once. I went to see Shaw. I stopped at by yur house a day or two they were all well I believe. I went to see my [?] twice while I was in there and found her as lovely as ever. She is as perfect as an angel and as precious as a diamond. I went to school with her both times walked with her alone to the academy and spoke of the pst present and future. Jessy Williams has gone in on furlough this morning.  I wrote to Mattie and sent your enclosed to the [?].  Marcus [Tavells] was in on furlough the same time that I was he came out with me we had fine times together. Try to get a leave of absence and come and see me.  Mattie sends her respects to you and says she would be pleased to see you if you will write me when you think you can get one I will manage to get one the same time and we will go in together. I have not time to write much more as I have to mke out requistitions for rations for the men this evening. Our company are all in Camden except 8 and they are without shoes consequently they nor myself have but little duty to perform. We manage to draw rations enough for ourselves and cook and eat.","If I have accused you wrongfully I beg your pardon. You spoke of my flirting with my intended much sooner would I destroy my own life. What deceive my first and only love and the best girl that ever graced the side of a gentleman do not speak of it again you will me tremble to think of such vile thing. You speak of being low spirited you must cheer up and if you will do you duty I think you will be able to accomplish all you wish for I have made Mat promise to use her influence in your behalf and you know she can be of much use to you. I had a letter from a young lady in Petersburg yesterday she thinks I am a flirt little does she think that I am engaged but I will not deceive her any longer for I respect her very highly. I will ask to be excused and to be her friend in the future and not a lover. Our Regt. will start over the river tomorrow morning. I have had the men that are with me belonging to our Company excused from this march they seem to be very much pleased at it.  We will have the whole camp to oursleves. I wish you were with me so that we could lay in our bunk and talk of our sweethearts. I hope the time is not far distant when we will be able to go where we please then we can visit our sweethearts and not be looking for the infernal yankees to come and capture us. I also had a leter from brother Isaac he is well and in Petersburg. I believe all of our friends and relatives are well. Write soon and tell Wood to write to me. Give my respects to all of my inquiring friends if any and reserve a greater portion for yourself.","Your cousin \nJno B. Wiginton","Indian Ridge \nCurrituck County, Jany 28/63","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you. The last one I think was dated the 16 of November last. We heard from you by Albert, who got safely home, but destroyed all the letters he brought off with him for fear of falling into the hands of enemies. He reported you\ntolerably well- but gives a horrid description of your fare, \u0026 seems very glad to get home even under the circumstances.","Your Uncle James has again been driven from his home by the shelling of his premises, and together with his family is now residing with us. Albert is going to school to Mr. Lowe, who now has a very large school. Since I last wrote you we have the distressing intelligence of the death\nof your Uncle [Geo?]. He was killed at Fredericksburg. His family is in great distress. They are making arrangements for moving back to Currituck \u0026 will reside with William [D___], who was recently married to Miss[A_nett] Barnard. Your Ma is in deep distress in consequence of her brother's death. She takes it very hard indeed. Otherwise we are getting along about as we have been for the last eighteen months.","The enemy occasionally makes raids upon us \u0026 plunder \u0026 destroy our property. A few weeks ago they came over to Indian Town \u0026 burned all the buildings on Dr. Marchant's place, opposite where he used to live, together with the academy, \u0026 plundered several citizens, taking horses, carts, [__groes], salt \u0026 c. They have since removed from Shiloh \u0026 have made their headquarters at E. City.  One of their officers, a Capt. Sanders was killed in the street the night of the 5th inst.","The Diphtheria has been very prevalent this winter. I believe I wrote you of the death of two of Mr. Baxter's children. Now I have to inform you of the death of [Suda] Shaw of the same horrible disease. It was a heart rending scene to witness the distress of the family. I deeply sympathize with the bereaved parents, but for [Suda], we know she is better off. She is beyond the reach of harm, safe in her Heavenly Father's arms. Jodie has been strongly threatened with the same disease, if indeed he has not had it in a modified form. All of us have had sore throats \u0026 your Ma has been doctoring for diphtheria. All are however better now, Lillie \u0026 Ida going to school \u0026 Jodie playing about the house as lively as ever. He has grown very much since you saw him, \u0026 talks quite plain. You would hardly know him. from home and hoping soon to hear from you. You cannot imagine how anxious we are to hear from you, or surely you would write much oftener than you do. What can be the matter? Is it that you do not write, or does your letters miscarry? I know not the cause, but whatever it may be should be very glad if it could be remedied. I know not how to direct you more than I have. ","There are so many changes. I received one letter from Mr. Lassiter from Mr. [Boro]. Since then I learn he has sold out \u0026 removed, so you must seek for information \u0026 opportunities, \u0026 neglect no possible chance of letting us hear from you. I have committed you unto Him that is able to keep you, and I forget not my prayers morning \u0026 night to beseech Him to take care of you, to preserve \u0026 keep you from all evil \u0026 harm, and restore you again to the bosom of the family, if it can accord with His blessed will. All send their love.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Feby 13 [1863]","We have just heard that the guerillas had attacked the enemy in Pasquotank killing [Tim.] Cox \u0026 probably some others. We hear that the Capt. commanding in E. City [Elizabeth City] has ordered all the people white \u0026 black to report to him, \u0026 it is said he intends to compel them to take up arms. The whole country is in a perfect ferment. The people are growing desperate \u0026 the inhuman conduct of our enemies seems to be driving every man capable of bearing arms into the bushes or into the army. How long such a state of things is to exist the Lord only can determine.","My health is very bad just now. I am suffering among other things with sore throat, \u0026 have been for some time past.  The rest of the family are well.","I should be so glad to hear from you. Not one word yet since Albert left have we heard from you. Mrs. Shaw gets letters from Willie \u0026 Julian \u0026 I should suppose yours could come in the same way. Send them to Col. Shaw \u0026 he will forward them if you will request him to do so I am sure. Your Ma sends her love \u0026 says she would like to write, but you must not think because she does not, she has forgotten you. Other causes prevents. I have hastily penned these few lines this morning having just heard of an opportunity for sending a letter out. Your Uncle James is still with us \u0026 talks of coming out soon.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Currituck County \nJany. 3d 1864","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you \u0026 we are beginning to feel very anxious to hear from you. I wrote you a short time since giving a short statement of our troubles \u0026 the devastations \u0026 excitement produced by a Brigade of negro troops under Gen. Wild passing through our county. But it is utterly impossible for me to give you anything like a correct idea of the state of things in our midst. ","I have just returned home from Fortress Monroe. The citizens of our county held a meeting \u0026 appointed Dr. Cowell, A. J. Lowe, B. L. Dey, B. M. Baxter \u0026 myself a committee to proceed to Old Point, the Headquarters of Gen. Butler, who is in command of the Department of Va. \u0026 N. C., for the purpose of ascertaining what was required of the peaceful inhabitants to secure their property from destruction \u0026 their dwellings from the flames. We left home last Sunday \u0026 passed through their lines by way of Deep Creek. Col. DeForest in command at North West treated us very courteously \u0026 and gave us a passport to Gen. Getty's headquarters, which is some three miles back of Portsmouth. We had a very pleasant interview with Gen. Getty, who seems to be a perfect gentleman, and who kindly facilitated our business by giving us a passport and transportation to Gen. Butler's Headquarters.","Tuesday morning at 8 o'clock we took the boat for Old Point, where we arrived about ten A.M. We obtained an interview with Gen. Butler about three o'clock P. M. He received us very respectfully \u0026 treated us very courteously, and after hearing our statement conversed with us some half an hour or more very pleasantly. He said nothing was required of us only to remain peaceful and use our influence to put down guerrillaing \u0026 blockade running; that being accomplished we should not be further molested by his troops; that he did not include us in his general order no. 49, nor did he consider us within his lines. ","We returned home \u0026 reported the result of our interview with Gen. Butler. We had hardly got home when a squad was sent out to enroll the inhabitants of Camden \u0026 Currituck. We are inclined to believe, however, they are recalled \u0026 we may be allowed a short respite.","Your Ma has been quite ill but is now fast recovering. Jodie is suffering from croup very much. All the rest are tolerable well. I am not very well but hope am improving. Everything is excitement \u0026 suspense \u0026 God only knows how we are to get along. All is gloom \u0026 doubt around us, but God governs in the affairs of men \u0026 will bring all things right in the end. You Ma is trying to get some shirts ready for you, and whenever we can procure anything for you will send by the first opportunity. Some of my friends talk of going to Richmond \u0026 if they do I shall try to send my horse  by them with instructions to sell him \u0026 send you the money. It may come when you do not need it \u0026 if so take care of it for future use. You must be economical \u0026 make the best use you can of both time \u0026 money. Should they bring him out, I shall instruct them to\nsell him and have the money insured \u0026 sent by express to you.","All send their love \u0026 best wishes, and I pray that a kind Providence may preserve and protect you my dear son. \nYour Father. J. B. M.","P.S. Since writing the enclosed your two letters of the 13th and 27th of Decr. have come to hand. We are glad to learn you are so well after your exposure \u0026 hope you will not suffer any very serious consequences. All are well at present \u0026 send their love. Those gentlemen I spoke of coming out have returned. They sold my horse for $600 \u0026 I trust you have recd. the money. J.B. M.","Indian Ridge \nMay 16th 1864","My Dear Son- \nI embrace the opportunity this morning, as Mr. Forbs is just going out, to write you a few lines, to let you know we have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 26th of April, that we were all well, \u0026 made still more happy on hearing glorious news from Va. The N. York Herald admits that Grant has been terribly whipped \u0026 driven back with the loss of only 41.000 including 7 Major Gens. \u0026 some 15 Brigadiers. We have rumors that the Yanks have also been badly worsted near Petersburg \u0026 driven back with considerable loss. Also various other rumors of the capture of the \"Beast\" \u0026 c \u0026 c. which if true you have no doubt heard ere this, as you can learn the truth much earlier than we can. Should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day. I think there can scarcely be a doubt of the truth of Grant's disaster. I did not see the statement myself, but Mr. Hilliard Baxter told me he had read it in last Thursday's Herald \u0026 you may be sure his loss is much greater than the Herald would admit. The Yanks have been making frequent raids among us for the last three weeks, one a week at least. Saturday night they carried off one of my mules, but I was fortunate enough to recover him on Sunday.","I am glad to learn you were pleased with your things. The boots \u0026 gloves I expected would be full large, but it was the best I could do, \u0026 your cloth, how does it suit you? It was nearest the color that could be got. We have felt a great deal of anxiety about you of late, fearing that the Yankees would get so near, you would have to take the field again [see note below], but if Grant is driven back we should feel much easier on that account. I forgot to say that our joy at the good news was somewhat allayed by a report that the brave \u0026 noble Gen. Longstreet was badly wounded, Pickett \u0026 Jenkins \u0026 some others killed. I trust the reports may not be true, but should it prove true, God will raise up others to fill their places. He will not suffer our enemies to succeed in this unjust, cruel \u0026 unholy war.","I said we were all well. Jodie has slight chills \u0026 fevers, caused perhaps by the [days?] of The Measles--he says he wants to see Bro. Pat mighty bad. He has been keeping you some apples but has been compelled to eat them, to keep them from rotting. The children all send their love. Mr. Low \u0026 family request me to send their respects. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are well.","Give my respects to Willie, Jule \u0026 all your friends. Write often. May a kind Providence continue to watch over you \u0026 protect you my dear son. Your Father. J. B. M.","Indian Ridge \nOct 31st 1864","My Dear Son- \nAfter so long a time I find an opportunity of sending you a few lines from home, as I know you are very anxious to hear from us all. Your note from Riddick's Ferry was received, though not until we heard from you through your friend from [K/Hitt___?] \u0026 who also delivered me a package of smoking tobacco, which was very acceptable, \u0026 for which accept\nmy thanks.","We have had a good long respite from the Raiders, not having been troubled with any since you left. They have passed on the Indian Town Road once since, but none came up our road. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand. We are still having the most delightful weather. It is so dry we can scarcely get water to use. I have never seen so dry a season. Mr. Lowe and myself have just finished making syrup. We have made about 70 gals., enough to serve us the next year plentifully. I am again without any help at all. Mr. Sawyer \u0026 his wife left the week you went away. I do not know how I shall manage to house my crop as there is no laborers to be had.","A few days after you left I saw the order postponing the commencement of your school until the 10th of Novr., and ordering the cadets to report for temporary duty at Camp Lee. I suppose you are still there, though according to the order will soon leave for school. I shall therefore leave the direction of my letter to the friend who will take it out after he can ascertain your whereabouts.","We are all in as good health as usual. I am still very much troubled with rheumatism in my arm, which bothers me very much. You must write me every opportunity, tell me how you are getting on, \u0026 how you have disposed of your money, and do not forget to have the discrepancy in your account corrected. And above all things else my Dear Son do not\nforget, nor neglect, your duties to your Heavenly Father; let not your young \u0026 gay companions lead you astray, nor tempt you to neglect your religious duties, and may our Heavenly Father keep you as in the hollow of his hand, shield \u0026 protect you from all danger \u0026 harm, and restore you to us again in His own good time. ","I forgot to tell you the result of our meeting. It closed on Sunday after you left, and on Monday seventeen were baptized \u0026 added to the church, among them our neighbor Mr. John Fanshaw.","Your Ma, Archie, \u0026 the children all send their love. Frank is on a visit to Mayock \u0026 will write you soon. Write him often. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are all well. Tell Willie he must write me sometimes. Give him my respects \u0026 tell him not to forget his good resolutions \u0026 to never stop until he has obtained the pearl of great price. God bless \u0026 protect you my dear\nson is the constant prayer of our father. \nJ. B. M.","Ida sends you some money, $2.00.","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from morning drill on April 15 [1863]","It was a very rainy and disagreeable morning, and my shoews being very inferior, also having a cold, I thought it very imprudent for me to go, as it would make me worse.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Overcoat on Post after taps. April 23 [1863]","It was a very chilly night and I felt very uncomfortable without an overcoat and as I was unwell I thought it very imprudent to be without it.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Visiting on the 8th of May [1863]","I had just come out of the hospital and could not find any of my books in my room, they had been misplaced during my absence, some of my roommates told me that some one in No. 34 had borrowed them.  I went in to get them, and while doing so, I was reported.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from drill on May 12th [1863]","When I had come from the funeral of Genl. Paxton, the day being very warm, and having marched nearly 3 miles, I was taken with a very severe headache, which compelled me to take my bed and rendered me entirely unfit to attend to the above duty.  At the time for sick call I reported to the surgeon and got some medicine.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Surgeon V. M. I.","This collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. ","Also included are Cadet Morgan's written excuses (four items) to the VMI Commandant for various infractions for the period of April to May 1863.","Written from Forestville, North Carolina. Letter regards mail from James B. Morgan and the death of Pat Grandy.","Written from Hertford County, North Carolina. Letter regards family news.","Written from \"Camp Galtin Murfreesboro.\" Letter regards personal and family news.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. Letter regards wartime civilian life, the death of an uncle in battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and enemy raids.","Letter regards enemy treatment of civilians and family news. Letter also mentions \"Willie\" who is William Brenton Shaw, VMI Class of 1865.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. The letter includes a detailed account of the journey of a  committee of citizens to appeal to Union General Butler to \"secure their property from destruction.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and discusses rumors of a major Confederate victory, stating \"should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and cautions son against neglecting his \"religious duties.\"","Written excuses by Cadet Patrick Morgan submitted to the VMI Commandant. These were explanations given by cadets after breaking a regulation.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Morgan family","Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Shaw, William B. (William Brenton), 1843-1908","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0356","/repositories/3/resources/612"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Morgan family"],"creator_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Morgan family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Morgan family"],"creators_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Morgan family"],"places_ssim":["Currituck County (N.C.)","North Carolina -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 items"],"extent_tesim":["12 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1813\"\u003eThis collection is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, the family of Joseph B. and Annie Lamb Morgan resided in Currituck County, North Carolina. One of the Morgan sons, Patrick H. (1844-1917), was a cadet at VMI from 1862-1864. During his cadetship, he took part in the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. After the War, Patrick studied law, but did not practice. He then engaged in business and was a state senator in the North Carolina legislature. He was subsequently a district supervisor of the United States Life Saving Service (now the United States Coast Guard). Patrick died on August 27, 1917 in Shawboro, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the Civil War, the family of Joseph B. and Annie Lamb Morgan resided in Currituck County, North Carolina. One of the Morgan sons, Patrick H. (1844-1917), was a cadet at VMI from 1862-1864. During his cadetship, he took part in the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. After the War, Patrick studied law, but did not practice. He then engaged in business and was a state senator in the North Carolina legislature. He was subsequently a district supervisor of the United States Life Saving Service (now the United States Coast Guard). Patrick died on August 27, 1917 in Shawboro, North Carolina."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eForestville N. C.\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 2d 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFriend Pat\u003cbr\u003e\nI was in Currituck a few days ago and saw your father. He gave me a letter to bring out for you which I have this day mailed to you. He requested me to write to you and tell you where to write to him at so that he could get it.  If you would write to him and enclose it to me at Murfreesboro NC I will endeavor to get it to him. Say to Col. Shaw and Mr. Woods sons that if they will do the same I will try to forward their letters on for them. I hear that Pat Grandy was killed at Richmond. Poor fellow I am sorry for him he was a brave little fellow. Write soon as I shall be in Murfreesboro in about six day.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours very Respectfully\u003cbr\u003e\n[D. W. ?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbram Riddicks Farm.  Hertford Co. NC\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Pat\u003cbr\u003e\nI have just come through the lines and have with me a letter for you which I will mail at Weldon.  Write to me immediately on the reception of this and I may be able to carry it through to your father on my return.  Tom Hampkins and myself are going to Raleigh with a lunatic.  Then I am going to Greensboro Lincolnton and Charlotte.  Bill [Dozier] is married to Miss Barnard.  Mr. Wigginton is dear and there is much sickness in Currituck.  The Yankees are carrying on high in E. City [Elizabeth City]. [They] have nearly driven all the citizens away [from] E. City now and then killing one.  They murdered George Fearing last Thursday.  They have destroyed the Salt works on the banks \u0026amp; c \u0026amp; c.  Excuse this bad writing.  I am in a hurry and have a miserable pen.  Give my regards Will Shaw and Mr. Wood.  Tell them both their familys are well.  I was at Dr. Woods a few days ago.  Write and direct your letter to my care Weldon\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours in friendship\u003cbr\u003e\nW. H. [Cowell]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePat I broke open your leeter to put this in is the cause of it looking so ragged about the envelope\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Galtin Murfreesboro\u003cbr\u003e\nNC March the 12 64\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour letter of the 26 of Feb came to hand on yesterday and found me well except weakness. I have just returned from Camden. I had a sick furlough and it happened in a good time the confederates went down just behind me and placed their pickets at [Shingle] Landing. You may depend that I had a gay time we had a party at Mr. J. Ambros Doziers we danced nearly all night. I danced the first set with Cousin Arch [?] the second with Maggie Fanshaw. Mr. Ambrose Dozier also danced we had three members of the church on the floor at once. I went to see Shaw. I stopped at by yur house a day or two they were all well I believe. I went to see my [?] twice while I was in there and found her as lovely as ever. She is as perfect as an angel and as precious as a diamond. I went to school with her both times walked with her alone to the academy and spoke of the pst present and future. Jessy Williams has gone in on furlough this morning.  I wrote to Mattie and sent your enclosed to the [?].  Marcus [Tavells] was in on furlough the same time that I was he came out with me we had fine times together. Try to get a leave of absence and come and see me.  Mattie sends her respects to you and says she would be pleased to see you if you will write me when you think you can get one I will manage to get one the same time and we will go in together. I have not time to write much more as I have to mke out requistitions for rations for the men this evening. Our company are all in Camden except 8 and they are without shoes consequently they nor myself have but little duty to perform. We manage to draw rations enough for ourselves and cook and eat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf I have accused you wrongfully I beg your pardon. You spoke of my flirting with my intended much sooner would I destroy my own life. What deceive my first and only love and the best girl that ever graced the side of a gentleman do not speak of it again you will me tremble to think of such vile thing. You speak of being low spirited you must cheer up and if you will do you duty I think you will be able to accomplish all you wish for I have made Mat promise to use her influence in your behalf and you know she can be of much use to you. I had a letter from a young lady in Petersburg yesterday she thinks I am a flirt little does she think that I am engaged but I will not deceive her any longer for I respect her very highly. I will ask to be excused and to be her friend in the future and not a lover. Our Regt. will start over the river tomorrow morning. I have had the men that are with me belonging to our Company excused from this march they seem to be very much pleased at it.  We will have the whole camp to oursleves. I wish you were with me so that we could lay in our bunk and talk of our sweethearts. I hope the time is not far distant when we will be able to go where we please then we can visit our sweethearts and not be looking for the infernal yankees to come and capture us. I also had a leter from brother Isaac he is well and in Petersburg. I believe all of our friends and relatives are well. Write soon and tell Wood to write to me. Give my respects to all of my inquiring friends if any and reserve a greater portion for yourself.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour cousin\u003cbr\u003e\nJno B. Wiginton\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Ridge\u003cbr\u003e\nCurrituck County, Jany 28/63\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you. The last one I think was dated the 16 of November last. We heard from you by Albert, who got safely home, but destroyed all the letters he brought off with him for fear of falling into the hands of enemies. He reported you\ntolerably well- but gives a horrid description of your fare, \u0026amp; seems very glad to get home even under the circumstances.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Uncle James has again been driven from his home by the shelling of his premises, and together with his family is now residing with us. Albert is going to school to Mr. Lowe, who now has a very large school. Since I last wrote you we have the distressing intelligence of the death\nof your Uncle [Geo?]. He was killed at Fredericksburg. His family is in great distress. They are making arrangements for moving back to Currituck \u0026amp; will reside with William [D___], who was recently married to Miss[A_nett] Barnard. Your Ma is in deep distress in consequence of her brother's death. She takes it very hard indeed. Otherwise we are getting along about as we have been for the last eighteen months.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe enemy occasionally makes raids upon us \u0026amp; plunder \u0026amp; destroy our property. A few weeks ago they came over to Indian Town \u0026amp; burned all the buildings on Dr. Marchant's place, opposite where he used to live, together with the academy, \u0026amp; plundered several citizens, taking horses, carts, [__groes], salt \u0026amp; c. They have since removed from Shiloh \u0026amp; have made their headquarters at E. City.  One of their officers, a Capt. Sanders was killed in the street the night of the 5th inst.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Diphtheria has been very prevalent this winter. I believe I wrote you of the death of two of Mr. Baxter's children. Now I have to inform you of the death of [Suda] Shaw of the same horrible disease. It was a heart rending scene to witness the distress of the family. I deeply sympathize with the bereaved parents, but for [Suda], we know she is better off. She is beyond the reach of harm, safe in her Heavenly Father's arms. Jodie has been strongly threatened with the same disease, if indeed he has not had it in a modified form. All of us have had sore throats \u0026amp; your Ma has been doctoring for diphtheria. All are however better now, Lillie \u0026amp; Ida going to school \u0026amp; Jodie playing about the house as lively as ever. He has grown very much since you saw him, \u0026amp; talks quite plain. You would hardly know him. from home and hoping soon to hear from you. You cannot imagine how anxious we are to hear from you, or surely you would write much oftener than you do. What can be the matter? Is it that you do not write, or does your letters miscarry? I know not the cause, but whatever it may be should be very glad if it could be remedied. I know not how to direct you more than I have. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are so many changes. I received one letter from Mr. Lassiter from Mr. [Boro]. Since then I learn he has sold out \u0026amp; removed, so you must seek for information \u0026amp; opportunities, \u0026amp; neglect no possible chance of letting us hear from you. I have committed you unto Him that is able to keep you, and I forget not my prayers morning \u0026amp; night to beseech Him to take care of you, to preserve \u0026amp; keep you from all evil \u0026amp; harm, and restore you again to the bosom of the family, if it can accord with His blessed will. All send their love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Father. Jos. B. Morgan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeby 13 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have just heard that the guerillas had attacked the enemy in Pasquotank killing [Tim.] Cox \u0026amp; probably some others. We hear that the Capt. commanding in E. City [Elizabeth City] has ordered all the people white \u0026amp; black to report to him, \u0026amp; it is said he intends to compel them to take up arms. The whole country is in a perfect ferment. The people are growing desperate \u0026amp; the inhuman conduct of our enemies seems to be driving every man capable of bearing arms into the bushes or into the army. How long such a state of things is to exist the Lord only can determine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy health is very bad just now. I am suffering among other things with sore throat, \u0026amp; have been for some time past.  The rest of the family are well.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI should be so glad to hear from you. Not one word yet since Albert left have we heard from you. Mrs. Shaw gets letters from Willie \u0026amp; Julian \u0026amp; I should suppose yours could come in the same way. Send them to Col. Shaw \u0026amp; he will forward them if you will request him to do so I am sure. Your Ma sends her love \u0026amp; says she would like to write, but you must not think because she does not, she has forgotten you. Other causes prevents. I have hastily penned these few lines this morning having just heard of an opportunity for sending a letter out. Your Uncle James is still with us \u0026amp; talks of coming out soon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Father. Jos. B. Morgan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCurrituck County\u003cbr\u003e\nJany. 3d 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you \u0026amp; we are beginning to feel very anxious to hear from you. I wrote you a short time since giving a short statement of our troubles \u0026amp; the devastations \u0026amp; excitement produced by a Brigade of negro troops under Gen. Wild passing through our county. But it is utterly impossible for me to give you anything like a correct idea of the state of things in our midst. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have just returned home from Fortress Monroe. The citizens of our county held a meeting \u0026amp; appointed Dr. Cowell, A. J. Lowe, B. L. Dey, B. M. Baxter \u0026amp; myself a committee to proceed to Old Point, the Headquarters of Gen. Butler, who is in command of the Department of Va. \u0026amp; N. C., for the purpose of ascertaining what was required of the peaceful inhabitants to secure their property from destruction \u0026amp; their dwellings from the flames. We left home last Sunday \u0026amp; passed through their lines by way of Deep Creek. Col. DeForest in command at North West treated us very courteously \u0026amp; and gave us a passport to Gen. Getty's headquarters, which is some three miles back of Portsmouth. We had a very pleasant interview with Gen. Getty, who seems to be a perfect gentleman, and who kindly facilitated our business by giving us a passport and transportation to Gen. Butler's Headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTuesday morning at 8 o'clock we took the boat for Old Point, where we arrived about ten A.M. We obtained an interview with Gen. Butler about three o'clock P. M. He received us very respectfully \u0026amp; treated us very courteously, and after hearing our statement conversed with us some half an hour or more very pleasantly. He said nothing was required of us only to remain peaceful and use our influence to put down guerrillaing \u0026amp; blockade running; that being accomplished we should not be further molested by his troops; that he did not include us in his general order no. 49, nor did he consider us within his lines. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe returned home \u0026amp; reported the result of our interview with Gen. Butler. We had hardly got home when a squad was sent out to enroll the inhabitants of Camden \u0026amp; Currituck. We are inclined to believe, however, they are recalled \u0026amp; we may be allowed a short respite.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Ma has been quite ill but is now fast recovering. Jodie is suffering from croup very much. All the rest are tolerable well. I am not very well but hope am improving. Everything is excitement \u0026amp; suspense \u0026amp; God only knows how we are to get along. All is gloom \u0026amp; doubt around us, but God governs in the affairs of men \u0026amp; will bring all things right in the end. You Ma is trying to get some shirts ready for you, and whenever we can procure anything for you will send by the first opportunity. Some of my friends talk of going to Richmond \u0026amp; if they do I shall try to send my horse  by them with instructions to sell him \u0026amp; send you the money. It may come when you do not need it \u0026amp; if so take care of it for future use. You must be economical \u0026amp; make the best use you can of both time \u0026amp; money. Should they bring him out, I shall instruct them to\nsell him and have the money insured \u0026amp; sent by express to you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll send their love \u0026amp; best wishes, and I pray that a kind Providence may preserve and protect you my dear son.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Father. J. B. M.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. Since writing the enclosed your two letters of the 13th and 27th of Decr. have come to hand. We are glad to learn you are so well after your exposure \u0026amp; hope you will not suffer any very serious consequences. All are well at present \u0026amp; send their love. Those gentlemen I spoke of coming out have returned. They sold my horse for $600 \u0026amp; I trust you have recd. the money. J.B. M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Ridge\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 16th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nI embrace the opportunity this morning, as Mr. Forbs is just going out, to write you a few lines, to let you know we have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 26th of April, that we were all well, \u0026amp; made still more happy on hearing glorious news from Va. The N. York Herald admits that Grant has been terribly whipped \u0026amp; driven back with the loss of only 41.000 including 7 Major Gens. \u0026amp; some 15 Brigadiers. We have rumors that the Yanks have also been badly worsted near Petersburg \u0026amp; driven back with considerable loss. Also various other rumors of the capture of the \"Beast\" \u0026amp; c \u0026amp; c. which if true you have no doubt heard ere this, as you can learn the truth much earlier than we can. Should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day. I think there can scarcely be a doubt of the truth of Grant's disaster. I did not see the statement myself, but Mr. Hilliard Baxter told me he had read it in last Thursday's Herald \u0026amp; you may be sure his loss is much greater than the Herald would admit. The Yanks have been making frequent raids among us for the last three weeks, one a week at least. Saturday night they carried off one of my mules, but I was fortunate enough to recover him on Sunday.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am glad to learn you were pleased with your things. The boots \u0026amp; gloves I expected would be full large, but it was the best I could do, \u0026amp; your cloth, how does it suit you? It was nearest the color that could be got. We have felt a great deal of anxiety about you of late, fearing that the Yankees would get so near, you would have to take the field again [see note below], but if Grant is driven back we should feel much easier on that account. I forgot to say that our joy at the good news was somewhat allayed by a report that the brave \u0026amp; noble Gen. Longstreet was badly wounded, Pickett \u0026amp; Jenkins \u0026amp; some others killed. I trust the reports may not be true, but should it prove true, God will raise up others to fill their places. He will not suffer our enemies to succeed in this unjust, cruel \u0026amp; unholy war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI said we were all well. Jodie has slight chills \u0026amp; fevers, caused perhaps by the [days?] of The Measles--he says he wants to see Bro. Pat mighty bad. He has been keeping you some apples but has been compelled to eat them, to keep them from rotting. The children all send their love. Mr. Low \u0026amp; family request me to send their respects. Mrs. Shaw \u0026amp; family are well.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my respects to Willie, Jule \u0026amp; all your friends. Write often. May a kind Providence continue to watch over you \u0026amp; protect you my dear son. Your Father. J. B. M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Ridge\u003cbr\u003e\nOct 31st 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Son-\u003cbr\u003e\nAfter so long a time I find an opportunity of sending you a few lines from home, as I know you are very anxious to hear from us all. Your note from Riddick's Ferry was received, though not until we heard from you through your friend from [K/Hitt___?] \u0026amp; who also delivered me a package of smoking tobacco, which was very acceptable, \u0026amp; for which accept\nmy thanks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have had a good long respite from the Raiders, not having been troubled with any since you left. They have passed on the Indian Town Road once since, but none came up our road. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand. We are still having the most delightful weather. It is so dry we can scarcely get water to use. I have never seen so dry a season. Mr. Lowe and myself have just finished making syrup. We have made about 70 gals., enough to serve us the next year plentifully. I am again without any help at all. Mr. Sawyer \u0026amp; his wife left the week you went away. I do not know how I shall manage to house my crop as there is no laborers to be had.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few days after you left I saw the order postponing the commencement of your school until the 10th of Novr., and ordering the cadets to report for temporary duty at Camp Lee. I suppose you are still there, though according to the order will soon leave for school. I shall therefore leave the direction of my letter to the friend who will take it out after he can ascertain your whereabouts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are all in as good health as usual. I am still very much troubled with rheumatism in my arm, which bothers me very much. You must write me every opportunity, tell me how you are getting on, \u0026amp; how you have disposed of your money, and do not forget to have the discrepancy in your account corrected. And above all things else my Dear Son do not\nforget, nor neglect, your duties to your Heavenly Father; let not your young \u0026amp; gay companions lead you astray, nor tempt you to neglect your religious duties, and may our Heavenly Father keep you as in the hollow of his hand, shield \u0026amp; protect you from all danger \u0026amp; harm, and restore you to us again in His own good time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI forgot to tell you the result of our meeting. It closed on Sunday after you left, and on Monday seventeen were baptized \u0026amp; added to the church, among them our neighbor Mr. John Fanshaw.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Ma, Archie, \u0026amp; the children all send their love. Frank is on a visit to Mayock \u0026amp; will write you soon. Write him often. Mrs. Shaw \u0026amp; family are all well. Tell Willie he must write me sometimes. Give him my respects \u0026amp; tell him not to forget his good resolutions \u0026amp; to never stop until he has obtained the pearl of great price. God bless \u0026amp; protect you my dear\nson is the constant prayer of our father.\u003cbr\u003e\nJ. B. M.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIda sends you some money, $2.00.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from morning drill on April 15 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was a very rainy and disagreeable morning, and my shoews being very inferior, also having a cold, I thought it very imprudent for me to go, as it would make me worse.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Commandant of Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Overcoat on Post after taps. April 23 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt was a very chilly night and I felt very uncomfortable without an overcoat and as I was unwell I thought it very imprudent to be without it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Commandant of Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Visiting on the 8th of May [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI had just come out of the hospital and could not find any of my books in my room, they had been misplaced during my absence, some of my roommates told me that some one in No. 34 had borrowed them.  I went in to get them, and while doing so, I was reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Commandant of Cadets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from drill on May 12th [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen I had come from the funeral of Genl. Paxton, the day being very warm, and having marched nearly 3 miles, I was taken with a very severe headache, which compelled me to take my bed and rendered me entirely unfit to attend to the above duty.  At the time for sick call I reported to the surgeon and got some medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRespectfully submitted,\u003cbr\u003e\nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Surgeon V. M. I.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Forestville N. C. \nJuly 2d 1862","Friend Pat \nI was in Currituck a few days ago and saw your father. He gave me a letter to bring out for you which I have this day mailed to you. He requested me to write to you and tell you where to write to him at so that he could get it.  If you would write to him and enclose it to me at Murfreesboro NC I will endeavor to get it to him. Say to Col. Shaw and Mr. Woods sons that if they will do the same I will try to forward their letters on for them. I hear that Pat Grandy was killed at Richmond. Poor fellow I am sorry for him he was a brave little fellow. Write soon as I shall be in Murfreesboro in about six day.","Yours very Respectfully \n[D. W. ?]","Abram Riddicks Farm.  Hertford Co. NC","Dear Pat \nI have just come through the lines and have with me a letter for you which I will mail at Weldon.  Write to me immediately on the reception of this and I may be able to carry it through to your father on my return.  Tom Hampkins and myself are going to Raleigh with a lunatic.  Then I am going to Greensboro Lincolnton and Charlotte.  Bill [Dozier] is married to Miss Barnard.  Mr. Wigginton is dear and there is much sickness in Currituck.  The Yankees are carrying on high in E. City [Elizabeth City]. [They] have nearly driven all the citizens away [from] E. City now and then killing one.  They murdered George Fearing last Thursday.  They have destroyed the Salt works on the banks \u0026 c \u0026 c.  Excuse this bad writing.  I am in a hurry and have a miserable pen.  Give my regards Will Shaw and Mr. Wood.  Tell them both their familys are well.  I was at Dr. Woods a few days ago.  Write and direct your letter to my care Weldon","Yours in friendship \nW. H. [Cowell]","Pat I broke open your leeter to put this in is the cause of it looking so ragged about the envelope","Camp Galtin Murfreesboro \nNC March the 12 64","Your letter of the 26 of Feb came to hand on yesterday and found me well except weakness. I have just returned from Camden. I had a sick furlough and it happened in a good time the confederates went down just behind me and placed their pickets at [Shingle] Landing. You may depend that I had a gay time we had a party at Mr. J. Ambros Doziers we danced nearly all night. I danced the first set with Cousin Arch [?] the second with Maggie Fanshaw. Mr. Ambrose Dozier also danced we had three members of the church on the floor at once. I went to see Shaw. I stopped at by yur house a day or two they were all well I believe. I went to see my [?] twice while I was in there and found her as lovely as ever. She is as perfect as an angel and as precious as a diamond. I went to school with her both times walked with her alone to the academy and spoke of the pst present and future. Jessy Williams has gone in on furlough this morning.  I wrote to Mattie and sent your enclosed to the [?].  Marcus [Tavells] was in on furlough the same time that I was he came out with me we had fine times together. Try to get a leave of absence and come and see me.  Mattie sends her respects to you and says she would be pleased to see you if you will write me when you think you can get one I will manage to get one the same time and we will go in together. I have not time to write much more as I have to mke out requistitions for rations for the men this evening. Our company are all in Camden except 8 and they are without shoes consequently they nor myself have but little duty to perform. We manage to draw rations enough for ourselves and cook and eat.","If I have accused you wrongfully I beg your pardon. You spoke of my flirting with my intended much sooner would I destroy my own life. What deceive my first and only love and the best girl that ever graced the side of a gentleman do not speak of it again you will me tremble to think of such vile thing. You speak of being low spirited you must cheer up and if you will do you duty I think you will be able to accomplish all you wish for I have made Mat promise to use her influence in your behalf and you know she can be of much use to you. I had a letter from a young lady in Petersburg yesterday she thinks I am a flirt little does she think that I am engaged but I will not deceive her any longer for I respect her very highly. I will ask to be excused and to be her friend in the future and not a lover. Our Regt. will start over the river tomorrow morning. I have had the men that are with me belonging to our Company excused from this march they seem to be very much pleased at it.  We will have the whole camp to oursleves. I wish you were with me so that we could lay in our bunk and talk of our sweethearts. I hope the time is not far distant when we will be able to go where we please then we can visit our sweethearts and not be looking for the infernal yankees to come and capture us. I also had a leter from brother Isaac he is well and in Petersburg. I believe all of our friends and relatives are well. Write soon and tell Wood to write to me. Give my respects to all of my inquiring friends if any and reserve a greater portion for yourself.","Your cousin \nJno B. Wiginton","Indian Ridge \nCurrituck County, Jany 28/63","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you. The last one I think was dated the 16 of November last. We heard from you by Albert, who got safely home, but destroyed all the letters he brought off with him for fear of falling into the hands of enemies. He reported you\ntolerably well- but gives a horrid description of your fare, \u0026 seems very glad to get home even under the circumstances.","Your Uncle James has again been driven from his home by the shelling of his premises, and together with his family is now residing with us. Albert is going to school to Mr. Lowe, who now has a very large school. Since I last wrote you we have the distressing intelligence of the death\nof your Uncle [Geo?]. He was killed at Fredericksburg. His family is in great distress. They are making arrangements for moving back to Currituck \u0026 will reside with William [D___], who was recently married to Miss[A_nett] Barnard. Your Ma is in deep distress in consequence of her brother's death. She takes it very hard indeed. Otherwise we are getting along about as we have been for the last eighteen months.","The enemy occasionally makes raids upon us \u0026 plunder \u0026 destroy our property. A few weeks ago they came over to Indian Town \u0026 burned all the buildings on Dr. Marchant's place, opposite where he used to live, together with the academy, \u0026 plundered several citizens, taking horses, carts, [__groes], salt \u0026 c. They have since removed from Shiloh \u0026 have made their headquarters at E. City.  One of their officers, a Capt. Sanders was killed in the street the night of the 5th inst.","The Diphtheria has been very prevalent this winter. I believe I wrote you of the death of two of Mr. Baxter's children. Now I have to inform you of the death of [Suda] Shaw of the same horrible disease. It was a heart rending scene to witness the distress of the family. I deeply sympathize with the bereaved parents, but for [Suda], we know she is better off. She is beyond the reach of harm, safe in her Heavenly Father's arms. Jodie has been strongly threatened with the same disease, if indeed he has not had it in a modified form. All of us have had sore throats \u0026 your Ma has been doctoring for diphtheria. All are however better now, Lillie \u0026 Ida going to school \u0026 Jodie playing about the house as lively as ever. He has grown very much since you saw him, \u0026 talks quite plain. You would hardly know him. from home and hoping soon to hear from you. You cannot imagine how anxious we are to hear from you, or surely you would write much oftener than you do. What can be the matter? Is it that you do not write, or does your letters miscarry? I know not the cause, but whatever it may be should be very glad if it could be remedied. I know not how to direct you more than I have. ","There are so many changes. I received one letter from Mr. Lassiter from Mr. [Boro]. Since then I learn he has sold out \u0026 removed, so you must seek for information \u0026 opportunities, \u0026 neglect no possible chance of letting us hear from you. I have committed you unto Him that is able to keep you, and I forget not my prayers morning \u0026 night to beseech Him to take care of you, to preserve \u0026 keep you from all evil \u0026 harm, and restore you again to the bosom of the family, if it can accord with His blessed will. All send their love.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Feby 13 [1863]","We have just heard that the guerillas had attacked the enemy in Pasquotank killing [Tim.] Cox \u0026 probably some others. We hear that the Capt. commanding in E. City [Elizabeth City] has ordered all the people white \u0026 black to report to him, \u0026 it is said he intends to compel them to take up arms. The whole country is in a perfect ferment. The people are growing desperate \u0026 the inhuman conduct of our enemies seems to be driving every man capable of bearing arms into the bushes or into the army. How long such a state of things is to exist the Lord only can determine.","My health is very bad just now. I am suffering among other things with sore throat, \u0026 have been for some time past.  The rest of the family are well.","I should be so glad to hear from you. Not one word yet since Albert left have we heard from you. Mrs. Shaw gets letters from Willie \u0026 Julian \u0026 I should suppose yours could come in the same way. Send them to Col. Shaw \u0026 he will forward them if you will request him to do so I am sure. Your Ma sends her love \u0026 says she would like to write, but you must not think because she does not, she has forgotten you. Other causes prevents. I have hastily penned these few lines this morning having just heard of an opportunity for sending a letter out. Your Uncle James is still with us \u0026 talks of coming out soon.","Your Father. Jos. B. Morgan","Currituck County \nJany. 3d 1864","My Dear Son- \nIt is a long time since we have had a letter from you \u0026 we are beginning to feel very anxious to hear from you. I wrote you a short time since giving a short statement of our troubles \u0026 the devastations \u0026 excitement produced by a Brigade of negro troops under Gen. Wild passing through our county. But it is utterly impossible for me to give you anything like a correct idea of the state of things in our midst. ","I have just returned home from Fortress Monroe. The citizens of our county held a meeting \u0026 appointed Dr. Cowell, A. J. Lowe, B. L. Dey, B. M. Baxter \u0026 myself a committee to proceed to Old Point, the Headquarters of Gen. Butler, who is in command of the Department of Va. \u0026 N. C., for the purpose of ascertaining what was required of the peaceful inhabitants to secure their property from destruction \u0026 their dwellings from the flames. We left home last Sunday \u0026 passed through their lines by way of Deep Creek. Col. DeForest in command at North West treated us very courteously \u0026 and gave us a passport to Gen. Getty's headquarters, which is some three miles back of Portsmouth. We had a very pleasant interview with Gen. Getty, who seems to be a perfect gentleman, and who kindly facilitated our business by giving us a passport and transportation to Gen. Butler's Headquarters.","Tuesday morning at 8 o'clock we took the boat for Old Point, where we arrived about ten A.M. We obtained an interview with Gen. Butler about three o'clock P. M. He received us very respectfully \u0026 treated us very courteously, and after hearing our statement conversed with us some half an hour or more very pleasantly. He said nothing was required of us only to remain peaceful and use our influence to put down guerrillaing \u0026 blockade running; that being accomplished we should not be further molested by his troops; that he did not include us in his general order no. 49, nor did he consider us within his lines. ","We returned home \u0026 reported the result of our interview with Gen. Butler. We had hardly got home when a squad was sent out to enroll the inhabitants of Camden \u0026 Currituck. We are inclined to believe, however, they are recalled \u0026 we may be allowed a short respite.","Your Ma has been quite ill but is now fast recovering. Jodie is suffering from croup very much. All the rest are tolerable well. I am not very well but hope am improving. Everything is excitement \u0026 suspense \u0026 God only knows how we are to get along. All is gloom \u0026 doubt around us, but God governs in the affairs of men \u0026 will bring all things right in the end. You Ma is trying to get some shirts ready for you, and whenever we can procure anything for you will send by the first opportunity. Some of my friends talk of going to Richmond \u0026 if they do I shall try to send my horse  by them with instructions to sell him \u0026 send you the money. It may come when you do not need it \u0026 if so take care of it for future use. You must be economical \u0026 make the best use you can of both time \u0026 money. Should they bring him out, I shall instruct them to\nsell him and have the money insured \u0026 sent by express to you.","All send their love \u0026 best wishes, and I pray that a kind Providence may preserve and protect you my dear son. \nYour Father. J. B. M.","P.S. Since writing the enclosed your two letters of the 13th and 27th of Decr. have come to hand. We are glad to learn you are so well after your exposure \u0026 hope you will not suffer any very serious consequences. All are well at present \u0026 send their love. Those gentlemen I spoke of coming out have returned. They sold my horse for $600 \u0026 I trust you have recd. the money. J.B. M.","Indian Ridge \nMay 16th 1864","My Dear Son- \nI embrace the opportunity this morning, as Mr. Forbs is just going out, to write you a few lines, to let you know we have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 26th of April, that we were all well, \u0026 made still more happy on hearing glorious news from Va. The N. York Herald admits that Grant has been terribly whipped \u0026 driven back with the loss of only 41.000 including 7 Major Gens. \u0026 some 15 Brigadiers. We have rumors that the Yanks have also been badly worsted near Petersburg \u0026 driven back with considerable loss. Also various other rumors of the capture of the \"Beast\" \u0026 c \u0026 c. which if true you have no doubt heard ere this, as you can learn the truth much earlier than we can. Should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day. I think there can scarcely be a doubt of the truth of Grant's disaster. I did not see the statement myself, but Mr. Hilliard Baxter told me he had read it in last Thursday's Herald \u0026 you may be sure his loss is much greater than the Herald would admit. The Yanks have been making frequent raids among us for the last three weeks, one a week at least. Saturday night they carried off one of my mules, but I was fortunate enough to recover him on Sunday.","I am glad to learn you were pleased with your things. The boots \u0026 gloves I expected would be full large, but it was the best I could do, \u0026 your cloth, how does it suit you? It was nearest the color that could be got. We have felt a great deal of anxiety about you of late, fearing that the Yankees would get so near, you would have to take the field again [see note below], but if Grant is driven back we should feel much easier on that account. I forgot to say that our joy at the good news was somewhat allayed by a report that the brave \u0026 noble Gen. Longstreet was badly wounded, Pickett \u0026 Jenkins \u0026 some others killed. I trust the reports may not be true, but should it prove true, God will raise up others to fill their places. He will not suffer our enemies to succeed in this unjust, cruel \u0026 unholy war.","I said we were all well. Jodie has slight chills \u0026 fevers, caused perhaps by the [days?] of The Measles--he says he wants to see Bro. Pat mighty bad. He has been keeping you some apples but has been compelled to eat them, to keep them from rotting. The children all send their love. Mr. Low \u0026 family request me to send their respects. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are well.","Give my respects to Willie, Jule \u0026 all your friends. Write often. May a kind Providence continue to watch over you \u0026 protect you my dear son. Your Father. J. B. M.","Indian Ridge \nOct 31st 1864","My Dear Son- \nAfter so long a time I find an opportunity of sending you a few lines from home, as I know you are very anxious to hear from us all. Your note from Riddick's Ferry was received, though not until we heard from you through your friend from [K/Hitt___?] \u0026 who also delivered me a package of smoking tobacco, which was very acceptable, \u0026 for which accept\nmy thanks.","We have had a good long respite from the Raiders, not having been troubled with any since you left. They have passed on the Indian Town Road once since, but none came up our road. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand. We are still having the most delightful weather. It is so dry we can scarcely get water to use. I have never seen so dry a season. Mr. Lowe and myself have just finished making syrup. We have made about 70 gals., enough to serve us the next year plentifully. I am again without any help at all. Mr. Sawyer \u0026 his wife left the week you went away. I do not know how I shall manage to house my crop as there is no laborers to be had.","A few days after you left I saw the order postponing the commencement of your school until the 10th of Novr., and ordering the cadets to report for temporary duty at Camp Lee. I suppose you are still there, though according to the order will soon leave for school. I shall therefore leave the direction of my letter to the friend who will take it out after he can ascertain your whereabouts.","We are all in as good health as usual. I am still very much troubled with rheumatism in my arm, which bothers me very much. You must write me every opportunity, tell me how you are getting on, \u0026 how you have disposed of your money, and do not forget to have the discrepancy in your account corrected. And above all things else my Dear Son do not\nforget, nor neglect, your duties to your Heavenly Father; let not your young \u0026 gay companions lead you astray, nor tempt you to neglect your religious duties, and may our Heavenly Father keep you as in the hollow of his hand, shield \u0026 protect you from all danger \u0026 harm, and restore you to us again in His own good time. ","I forgot to tell you the result of our meeting. It closed on Sunday after you left, and on Monday seventeen were baptized \u0026 added to the church, among them our neighbor Mr. John Fanshaw.","Your Ma, Archie, \u0026 the children all send their love. Frank is on a visit to Mayock \u0026 will write you soon. Write him often. Mrs. Shaw \u0026 family are all well. Tell Willie he must write me sometimes. Give him my respects \u0026 tell him not to forget his good resolutions \u0026 to never stop until he has obtained the pearl of great price. God bless \u0026 protect you my dear\nson is the constant prayer of our father. \nJ. B. M.","Ida sends you some money, $2.00.","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from morning drill on April 15 [1863]","It was a very rainy and disagreeable morning, and my shoews being very inferior, also having a cold, I thought it very imprudent for me to go, as it would make me worse.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Overcoat on Post after taps. April 23 [1863]","It was a very chilly night and I felt very uncomfortable without an overcoat and as I was unwell I thought it very imprudent to be without it.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Visiting on the 8th of May [1863]","I had just come out of the hospital and could not find any of my books in my room, they had been misplaced during my absence, some of my roommates told me that some one in No. 34 had borrowed them.  I went in to get them, and while doing so, I was reported.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan","To Commandant of Cadets","Report of Cadet Morgan.  Absent from drill on May 12th [1863]","When I had come from the funeral of Genl. Paxton, the day being very warm, and having marched nearly 3 miles, I was taken with a very severe headache, which compelled me to take my bed and rendered me entirely unfit to attend to the above duty.  At the time for sick call I reported to the surgeon and got some medicine.","Respectfully submitted, \nBy Cadet Morgan, P. H.","To Surgeon V. M. I."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMorgan Family Civil War papers, 1862-1864. MS 0356. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Morgan Family Civil War papers, 1862-1864. MS 0356. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included are Cadet Morgan's written excuses (four items) to the VMI Commandant for various infractions for the period of April to May 1863.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Forestville, North Carolina. Letter regards mail from James B. Morgan and the death of Pat Grandy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Hertford County, North Carolina. Letter regards family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Galtin Murfreesboro.\" Letter regards personal and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Currituck County, North Carolina. Letter regards wartime civilian life, the death of an uncle in battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and enemy raids.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards enemy treatment of civilians and family news. Letter also mentions \"Willie\" who is William Brenton Shaw, VMI Class of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Currituck County, North Carolina. The letter includes a detailed account of the journey of a  committee of citizens to appeal to Union General Butler to \"secure their property from destruction.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and discusses rumors of a major Confederate victory, stating \"should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and cautions son against neglecting his \"religious duties.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten excuses by Cadet Patrick Morgan submitted to the VMI Commandant. These were explanations given by cadets after breaking a regulation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of Morgan Family correspondence (12 items) during the Civil War. Included are eight letters (dated 1862-1864) to Cadet Patrick H. Morgan. Those from his father (dated 1863-1864), Joseph B. Morgan, contain news of Civil War civilian and home life in Currituck County, North Carolina. Specific topics include enemy raids for food and supplies, diptheria, an uncle's death in battle, and the hardships of war. Other letters are from family friends and cousin John B. Wiginton. ","Also included are Cadet Morgan's written excuses (four items) to the VMI Commandant for various infractions for the period of April to May 1863.","Written from Forestville, North Carolina. Letter regards mail from James B. Morgan and the death of Pat Grandy.","Written from Hertford County, North Carolina. Letter regards family news.","Written from \"Camp Galtin Murfreesboro.\" Letter regards personal and family news.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. Letter regards wartime civilian life, the death of an uncle in battle at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and enemy raids.","Letter regards enemy treatment of civilians and family news. Letter also mentions \"Willie\" who is William Brenton Shaw, VMI Class of 1865.","Written from Currituck County, North Carolina. The letter includes a detailed account of the journey of a  committee of citizens to appeal to Union General Butler to \"secure their property from destruction.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and discusses rumors of a major Confederate victory, stating \"should these things be true, this fanatical war must be drawing rapidly to a close. May God speed the happy day.\"","Written from \"Indian Ridge.\" Letter regards family news and cautions son against neglecting his \"religious duties.\"","Written excuses by Cadet Patrick Morgan submitted to the VMI Commandant. These were explanations given by cadets after breaking a regulation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f20f82c4c3cf6dfb048677ca709303e6\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Morgan family","Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Shaw, William B. (William Brenton), 1843-1908"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Morgan family"],"persname_ssim":["Morgan, Patrick H. (Patrick Henry), 1844-1917","Shaw, William B. (William Brenton), 1843-1908"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:53.647Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_612"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvacuation of the city\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensive fire\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOccupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_367.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Weisiger, Oscar F., Civil War Letter","title_ssm":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"title_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865 May 25"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 May 25"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0285","/repositories/3/resources/367"],"text":["MS.0285","/repositories/3/resources/367","Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Siege of Richmond (Virginia : 1864-1865)","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","This item is available online","Oscar F. Weisiger (1820-1886) was a businessman in Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War he was a Confederate officer. On January 20, 1863 he was serving as a Captain, Assistant Quartermaster (superintendent of clothing depot in Richmond).","Richmond May 29th, 1865","Dear Ward,\nIt was with much pleasure that I received your letter of the 16th inst. for I have longed wished to hear from you, and should have written if there had been any way of sending a letter.","The night of the 2d ultimo will be memorable to all who were residents of this city. The evacuation was not thought of even by the President who was attending service at St. Paul's. At 12 o'clock a dispatch was received from Genl. Lee and handed to the President, while in church, to the effect that his- Genl. Lee's - line, had been pierced in two places and that unless he could reinstate them, it would be necessary to evacuate the city that night. It was then reported throughout the city. Hearing these reports, I started down to the office and on my way saw Genl. Ewell who informed me that the report was true and that Richmond would be evacuated that night at 12 o'clock.","I hurried down to the office and went to work with what force I could collect to box up and ship off the goods on hand. I worked all night but to little purpose, for what goods were sent to the Danville depot remained there until Monday morning and were either consumed by the fire or stolen. Such a scene I never saw before and hope never to see again. The most perfect confusion and disorder reigned. The troops from the North side of James River were passing from 12 o'clock Sunday night until 7 o'clock Monday morning, the last had scarcely crossed the bridge before the Federal troops entered the City. I cleared my house of every article, what I could not distribute to the troops while passing, I distributed to the citizens at large. It is fortunate that I did so for in a few hours the building was consumed by fire. The order as I understand it was to fire the Warehouse which was done early Monday morning and from that hour until late in the evening the fire raged with great fury. The explosion of the Powder Magazine was most fearful, and by it, I regret to say that some 10 or 12 paupers lost their lives.","I cannot begin to describe to you the terrors of that day. It can only be likened to my conception of the Judgement Day. At no time during the war did the fiercest artillery duel equal in bursting of shell the firing of the Laboratory. Every second there was a discharge of shell from early morn to late in the evening to the great danger of the lives of all who lived in the direction of the building. Fortunately no one was injured by the explosion of shell to my knowledge. I scarcely know how to describe to you the extent of the fire so that you will understand it. However I will do the best I can.","The whole business part of the City from 9 to 15th St. is in ashes. The houses on both sides of Cary St. from 9 to 15th St. and all of the houses on the cross streets to the river including Warwicks Mill and all of the houses around the Basin, the Petersburg depot and all the houses under Gambill's Hill to 5th St. including the state armory, the houses on Main St. from 9th to 15th St. with the exception that on the east side of Main the fire was stopped at Mitchell \u0026 Tyler's house, the houses on the west side of Main were destroyed to the Traders Bank which is opposite to Hening's Store. All of the houses between Main \u0026 Bank streets and on Bank were destroyed. The fire then extended up Franklin Street on the west side to Dr. Cunningham's and on the east side to 2 houses above Dr. Reid's church, burning the Church and Lecture room. The houses on the south side of Governors St. were saved, but those on the north side were burned. All of the bridges were destroyed. It will be necessary for you to see the ruins to fully understand the extent of this fire.","The result has been just what I predicted three years ago, that when Richmond was given up it would be the death blow to the Confederacy. did not think however that it would follow so soon. Since the occupation of the City by the Federal Troops the most perfect order has prevailed. They have no respect for the Negro, and make them toe the mark in every respect. The Negro is nothing like so free as before, except in name. They are kept in very strict discipline, not allowed to stand about the streets, and all made to work.","Danacott had returned and is living out with, and managing for his cousin Miss Sheppherd. He is a strange fellow, why he does not marry the woman I cannot divine. I have no doubt they have been engaged to be married for 15 years. He has now left his own place and taken the management of her affairs. His health is good. I have not heard from Clarkson since the evacuation. I fear with you that he is in a bad fix.","You are mistaken in supposing that Kent Paine \u0026 Co. and others are worth more than they were before the war. I understand that they will not be able to pay their debts, and this is the case with few exceptions of nearly all of the merchants in the city. Merchants have lost more than any other class by the fire.","In relation to our business affairs, I do not agree with you that we have \"fallen to rise no more.\" In relation to our Northern indebtedness I think it can be settled for 20 or 25 % and I would like very much to see you and have a talk with you on this subject. I think if we can raise 10 or 12,000 dollars, we can pay our whole debt and the sooner some arrangement is made the better. I have been advised to this course by merchants who have recently returned from the North and know the feeling of the merchants there. If this can be done it will be certainly best for both of us.","I do not know what your views of business are for the future, whether you will embark in the Mercantile business again or not, but as for myself I must get to doing something as soon as prudent to do so. I feel like going to work with renewed effort and regain what is lost. In the first place I would like to be free from our old debts and then I shall be ready for any business that might offer. I hope to see or hear from you soon. I would come up to see you, but I have not the money to spare at present. I was only left with six dollars of available funds, though since the evacuation I have not been idle. I have been buying a few goods at auction and reselling, and have made and have made a few dollars which has enabled me to get along without drawing rations from the Northern Government, though very many of our best citizens have had to do so, and many who were able before the evacuation. As to Mr. Warwick, I do not think he has ever drawn rations- if so I have never heard of it.","I have had some few calls from our Northern Creditors. Mr. Merchant was in, but said nothing about business, nor did I to him. He only remained two days. A gentleman of the house of O. R. Tweedy \u0026 Co. of New York called on me. He had in his possession a letter written by you in May 1861, which was very bitter. He stated that the house was very much hurt at receiving such a letter (he is not a partner). I regret myself the writing of the letter to that house for the reason that I believe the Members of that concern to be conservative and had been very kind to us. A few days since, a gentleman called on me from Boston who had with him the a/c [account] of W. Lovejoy \u0026 Co. I told him the [word eligible] of affairs as well as I could, what losses were sustained, etc. He seemed to sympathize with us as well as others in the same condition and hoped that all would be well. So far as I have seen the disposition [of] all Northern Creditors is kind. I enclose you a letter received from a concern in Hartford, Ct. If you can do so, you will come down at an early day- if not please write me and give me your views. I think the sooner we take some step to arranging our debts the better.","My family are all well and join in kind regards to Mrs. Ward \u0026 yourself. \nYours truly, \nO. F. Weisiger","This collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes:\n Evacuation of the city Extensive fire Occupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves Problems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business Discussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. ","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0285","/repositories/3/resources/367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"collection_ssim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"creator_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"creators_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Siege of Richmond (Virginia : 1864-1865)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Siege of Richmond (Virginia : 1864-1865)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/3457\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This item is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOscar F. Weisiger (1820-1886) was a businessman in Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War he was a Confederate officer. On January 20, 1863 he was serving as a Captain, Assistant Quartermaster (superintendent of clothing depot in Richmond).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger (1820-1886) was a businessman in Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War he was a Confederate officer. On January 20, 1863 he was serving as a Captain, Assistant Quartermaster (superintendent of clothing depot in Richmond)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond May 29th, 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Ward,\nIt was with much pleasure that I received your letter of the 16th inst. for I have longed wished to hear from you, and should have written if there had been any way of sending a letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe night of the 2d ultimo will be memorable to all who were residents of this city. The evacuation was not thought of even by the President who was attending service at St. Paul's. At 12 o'clock a dispatch was received from Genl. Lee and handed to the President, while in church, to the effect that his- Genl. Lee's - line, had been pierced in two places and that unless he could reinstate them, it would be necessary to evacuate the city that night. It was then reported throughout the city. Hearing these reports, I started down to the office and on my way saw Genl. Ewell who informed me that the report was true and that Richmond would be evacuated that night at 12 o'clock.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hurried down to the office and went to work with what force I could collect to box up and ship off the goods on hand. I worked all night but to little purpose, for what goods were sent to the Danville depot remained there until Monday morning and were either consumed by the fire or stolen. Such a scene I never saw before and hope never to see again. The most perfect confusion and disorder reigned. The troops from the North side of James River were passing from 12 o'clock Sunday night until 7 o'clock Monday morning, the last had scarcely crossed the bridge before the Federal troops entered the City. I cleared my house of every article, what I could not distribute to the troops while passing, I distributed to the citizens at large. It is fortunate that I did so for in a few hours the building was consumed by fire. The order as I understand it was to fire the Warehouse which was done early Monday morning and from that hour until late in the evening the fire raged with great fury. The explosion of the Powder Magazine was most fearful, and by it, I regret to say that some 10 or 12 paupers lost their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI cannot begin to describe to you the terrors of that day. It can only be likened to my conception of the Judgement Day. At no time during the war did the fiercest artillery duel equal in bursting of shell the firing of the Laboratory. Every second there was a discharge of shell from early morn to late in the evening to the great danger of the lives of all who lived in the direction of the building. Fortunately no one was injured by the explosion of shell to my knowledge. I scarcely know how to describe to you the extent of the fire so that you will understand it. However I will do the best I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe whole business part of the City from 9 to 15th St. is in ashes. The houses on both sides of Cary St. from 9 to 15th St. and all of the houses on the cross streets to the river including Warwicks Mill and all of the houses around the Basin, the Petersburg depot and all the houses under Gambill's Hill to 5th St. including the state armory, the houses on Main St. from 9th to 15th St. with the exception that on the east side of Main the fire was stopped at Mitchell \u0026amp; Tyler's house, the houses on the west side of Main were destroyed to the Traders Bank which is opposite to Hening's Store. All of the houses between Main \u0026amp; Bank streets and on Bank were destroyed. The fire then extended up Franklin Street on the west side to Dr. Cunningham's and on the east side to 2 houses above Dr. Reid's church, burning the Church and Lecture room. The houses on the south side of Governors St. were saved, but those on the north side were burned. All of the bridges were destroyed. It will be necessary for you to see the ruins to fully understand the extent of this fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe result has been just what I predicted three years ago, that when Richmond was given up it would be the death blow to the Confederacy. did not think however that it would follow so soon. Since the occupation of the City by the Federal Troops the most perfect order has prevailed. They have no respect for the Negro, and make them toe the mark in every respect. The Negro is nothing like so free as before, except in name. They are kept in very strict discipline, not allowed to stand about the streets, and all made to work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDanacott had returned and is living out with, and managing for his cousin Miss Sheppherd. He is a strange fellow, why he does not marry the woman I cannot divine. I have no doubt they have been engaged to be married for 15 years. He has now left his own place and taken the management of her affairs. His health is good. I have not heard from Clarkson since the evacuation. I fear with you that he is in a bad fix.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou are mistaken in supposing that Kent Paine \u0026amp; Co. and others are worth more than they were before the war. I understand that they will not be able to pay their debts, and this is the case with few exceptions of nearly all of the merchants in the city. Merchants have lost more than any other class by the fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn relation to our business affairs, I do not agree with you that we have \"fallen to rise no more.\" In relation to our Northern indebtedness I think it can be settled for 20 or 25 % and I would like very much to see you and have a talk with you on this subject. I think if we can raise 10 or 12,000 dollars, we can pay our whole debt and the sooner some arrangement is made the better. I have been advised to this course by merchants who have recently returned from the North and know the feeling of the merchants there. If this can be done it will be certainly best for both of us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know what your views of business are for the future, whether you will embark in the Mercantile business again or not, but as for myself I must get to doing something as soon as prudent to do so. I feel like going to work with renewed effort and regain what is lost. In the first place I would like to be free from our old debts and then I shall be ready for any business that might offer. I hope to see or hear from you soon. I would come up to see you, but I have not the money to spare at present. I was only left with six dollars of available funds, though since the evacuation I have not been idle. I have been buying a few goods at auction and reselling, and have made and have made a few dollars which has enabled me to get along without drawing rations from the Northern Government, though very many of our best citizens have had to do so, and many who were able before the evacuation. As to Mr. Warwick, I do not think he has ever drawn rations- if so I have never heard of it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have had some few calls from our Northern Creditors. Mr. Merchant was in, but said nothing about business, nor did I to him. He only remained two days. A gentleman of the house of O. R. Tweedy \u0026amp; Co. of New York called on me. He had in his possession a letter written by you in May 1861, which was very bitter. He stated that the house was very much hurt at receiving such a letter (he is not a partner). I regret myself the writing of the letter to that house for the reason that I believe the Members of that concern to be conservative and had been very kind to us. A few days since, a gentleman called on me from Boston who had with him the a/c [account] of W. Lovejoy \u0026amp; Co. I told him the [word eligible] of affairs as well as I could, what losses were sustained, etc. He seemed to sympathize with us as well as others in the same condition and hoped that all would be well. So far as I have seen the disposition [of] all Northern Creditors is kind. I enclose you a letter received from a concern in Hartford, Ct. If you can do so, you will come down at an early day- if not please write me and give me your views. I think the sooner we take some step to arranging our debts the better.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy family are all well and join in kind regards to Mrs. Ward \u0026amp; yourself.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours truly,\u003cbr\u003e\nO. F. Weisiger\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Richmond May 29th, 1865","Dear Ward,\nIt was with much pleasure that I received your letter of the 16th inst. for I have longed wished to hear from you, and should have written if there had been any way of sending a letter.","The night of the 2d ultimo will be memorable to all who were residents of this city. The evacuation was not thought of even by the President who was attending service at St. Paul's. At 12 o'clock a dispatch was received from Genl. Lee and handed to the President, while in church, to the effect that his- Genl. Lee's - line, had been pierced in two places and that unless he could reinstate them, it would be necessary to evacuate the city that night. It was then reported throughout the city. Hearing these reports, I started down to the office and on my way saw Genl. Ewell who informed me that the report was true and that Richmond would be evacuated that night at 12 o'clock.","I hurried down to the office and went to work with what force I could collect to box up and ship off the goods on hand. I worked all night but to little purpose, for what goods were sent to the Danville depot remained there until Monday morning and were either consumed by the fire or stolen. Such a scene I never saw before and hope never to see again. The most perfect confusion and disorder reigned. The troops from the North side of James River were passing from 12 o'clock Sunday night until 7 o'clock Monday morning, the last had scarcely crossed the bridge before the Federal troops entered the City. I cleared my house of every article, what I could not distribute to the troops while passing, I distributed to the citizens at large. It is fortunate that I did so for in a few hours the building was consumed by fire. The order as I understand it was to fire the Warehouse which was done early Monday morning and from that hour until late in the evening the fire raged with great fury. The explosion of the Powder Magazine was most fearful, and by it, I regret to say that some 10 or 12 paupers lost their lives.","I cannot begin to describe to you the terrors of that day. It can only be likened to my conception of the Judgement Day. At no time during the war did the fiercest artillery duel equal in bursting of shell the firing of the Laboratory. Every second there was a discharge of shell from early morn to late in the evening to the great danger of the lives of all who lived in the direction of the building. Fortunately no one was injured by the explosion of shell to my knowledge. I scarcely know how to describe to you the extent of the fire so that you will understand it. However I will do the best I can.","The whole business part of the City from 9 to 15th St. is in ashes. The houses on both sides of Cary St. from 9 to 15th St. and all of the houses on the cross streets to the river including Warwicks Mill and all of the houses around the Basin, the Petersburg depot and all the houses under Gambill's Hill to 5th St. including the state armory, the houses on Main St. from 9th to 15th St. with the exception that on the east side of Main the fire was stopped at Mitchell \u0026 Tyler's house, the houses on the west side of Main were destroyed to the Traders Bank which is opposite to Hening's Store. All of the houses between Main \u0026 Bank streets and on Bank were destroyed. The fire then extended up Franklin Street on the west side to Dr. Cunningham's and on the east side to 2 houses above Dr. Reid's church, burning the Church and Lecture room. The houses on the south side of Governors St. were saved, but those on the north side were burned. All of the bridges were destroyed. It will be necessary for you to see the ruins to fully understand the extent of this fire.","The result has been just what I predicted three years ago, that when Richmond was given up it would be the death blow to the Confederacy. did not think however that it would follow so soon. Since the occupation of the City by the Federal Troops the most perfect order has prevailed. They have no respect for the Negro, and make them toe the mark in every respect. The Negro is nothing like so free as before, except in name. They are kept in very strict discipline, not allowed to stand about the streets, and all made to work.","Danacott had returned and is living out with, and managing for his cousin Miss Sheppherd. He is a strange fellow, why he does not marry the woman I cannot divine. I have no doubt they have been engaged to be married for 15 years. He has now left his own place and taken the management of her affairs. His health is good. I have not heard from Clarkson since the evacuation. I fear with you that he is in a bad fix.","You are mistaken in supposing that Kent Paine \u0026 Co. and others are worth more than they were before the war. I understand that they will not be able to pay their debts, and this is the case with few exceptions of nearly all of the merchants in the city. Merchants have lost more than any other class by the fire.","In relation to our business affairs, I do not agree with you that we have \"fallen to rise no more.\" In relation to our Northern indebtedness I think it can be settled for 20 or 25 % and I would like very much to see you and have a talk with you on this subject. I think if we can raise 10 or 12,000 dollars, we can pay our whole debt and the sooner some arrangement is made the better. I have been advised to this course by merchants who have recently returned from the North and know the feeling of the merchants there. If this can be done it will be certainly best for both of us.","I do not know what your views of business are for the future, whether you will embark in the Mercantile business again or not, but as for myself I must get to doing something as soon as prudent to do so. I feel like going to work with renewed effort and regain what is lost. In the first place I would like to be free from our old debts and then I shall be ready for any business that might offer. I hope to see or hear from you soon. I would come up to see you, but I have not the money to spare at present. I was only left with six dollars of available funds, though since the evacuation I have not been idle. I have been buying a few goods at auction and reselling, and have made and have made a few dollars which has enabled me to get along without drawing rations from the Northern Government, though very many of our best citizens have had to do so, and many who were able before the evacuation. As to Mr. Warwick, I do not think he has ever drawn rations- if so I have never heard of it.","I have had some few calls from our Northern Creditors. Mr. Merchant was in, but said nothing about business, nor did I to him. He only remained two days. A gentleman of the house of O. R. Tweedy \u0026 Co. of New York called on me. He had in his possession a letter written by you in May 1861, which was very bitter. He stated that the house was very much hurt at receiving such a letter (he is not a partner). I regret myself the writing of the letter to that house for the reason that I believe the Members of that concern to be conservative and had been very kind to us. A few days since, a gentleman called on me from Boston who had with him the a/c [account] of W. Lovejoy \u0026 Co. I told him the [word eligible] of affairs as well as I could, what losses were sustained, etc. He seemed to sympathize with us as well as others in the same condition and hoped that all would be well. So far as I have seen the disposition [of] all Northern Creditors is kind. I enclose you a letter received from a concern in Hartford, Ct. If you can do so, you will come down at an early day- if not please write me and give me your views. I think the sooner we take some step to arranging our debts the better.","My family are all well and join in kind regards to Mrs. Ward \u0026 yourself. \nYours truly, \nO. F. Weisiger"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter. Manuscript # 0285. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter. Manuscript # 0285. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvacuation of the city\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensive fire\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOccupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes:\n Evacuation of the city Extensive fire Occupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves Problems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business Discussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. ","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d5884f186106e46368d6234607050019\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:38.121Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_367.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Weisiger, Oscar F., Civil War Letter","title_ssm":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"title_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865 May 25"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 May 25"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0285","/repositories/3/resources/367"],"text":["MS.0285","/repositories/3/resources/367","Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Siege of Richmond (Virginia : 1864-1865)","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","This item is available online","Oscar F. Weisiger (1820-1886) was a businessman in Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War he was a Confederate officer. On January 20, 1863 he was serving as a Captain, Assistant Quartermaster (superintendent of clothing depot in Richmond).","Richmond May 29th, 1865","Dear Ward,\nIt was with much pleasure that I received your letter of the 16th inst. for I have longed wished to hear from you, and should have written if there had been any way of sending a letter.","The night of the 2d ultimo will be memorable to all who were residents of this city. The evacuation was not thought of even by the President who was attending service at St. Paul's. At 12 o'clock a dispatch was received from Genl. Lee and handed to the President, while in church, to the effect that his- Genl. Lee's - line, had been pierced in two places and that unless he could reinstate them, it would be necessary to evacuate the city that night. It was then reported throughout the city. Hearing these reports, I started down to the office and on my way saw Genl. Ewell who informed me that the report was true and that Richmond would be evacuated that night at 12 o'clock.","I hurried down to the office and went to work with what force I could collect to box up and ship off the goods on hand. I worked all night but to little purpose, for what goods were sent to the Danville depot remained there until Monday morning and were either consumed by the fire or stolen. Such a scene I never saw before and hope never to see again. The most perfect confusion and disorder reigned. The troops from the North side of James River were passing from 12 o'clock Sunday night until 7 o'clock Monday morning, the last had scarcely crossed the bridge before the Federal troops entered the City. I cleared my house of every article, what I could not distribute to the troops while passing, I distributed to the citizens at large. It is fortunate that I did so for in a few hours the building was consumed by fire. The order as I understand it was to fire the Warehouse which was done early Monday morning and from that hour until late in the evening the fire raged with great fury. The explosion of the Powder Magazine was most fearful, and by it, I regret to say that some 10 or 12 paupers lost their lives.","I cannot begin to describe to you the terrors of that day. It can only be likened to my conception of the Judgement Day. At no time during the war did the fiercest artillery duel equal in bursting of shell the firing of the Laboratory. Every second there was a discharge of shell from early morn to late in the evening to the great danger of the lives of all who lived in the direction of the building. Fortunately no one was injured by the explosion of shell to my knowledge. I scarcely know how to describe to you the extent of the fire so that you will understand it. However I will do the best I can.","The whole business part of the City from 9 to 15th St. is in ashes. The houses on both sides of Cary St. from 9 to 15th St. and all of the houses on the cross streets to the river including Warwicks Mill and all of the houses around the Basin, the Petersburg depot and all the houses under Gambill's Hill to 5th St. including the state armory, the houses on Main St. from 9th to 15th St. with the exception that on the east side of Main the fire was stopped at Mitchell \u0026 Tyler's house, the houses on the west side of Main were destroyed to the Traders Bank which is opposite to Hening's Store. All of the houses between Main \u0026 Bank streets and on Bank were destroyed. The fire then extended up Franklin Street on the west side to Dr. Cunningham's and on the east side to 2 houses above Dr. Reid's church, burning the Church and Lecture room. The houses on the south side of Governors St. were saved, but those on the north side were burned. All of the bridges were destroyed. It will be necessary for you to see the ruins to fully understand the extent of this fire.","The result has been just what I predicted three years ago, that when Richmond was given up it would be the death blow to the Confederacy. did not think however that it would follow so soon. Since the occupation of the City by the Federal Troops the most perfect order has prevailed. They have no respect for the Negro, and make them toe the mark in every respect. The Negro is nothing like so free as before, except in name. They are kept in very strict discipline, not allowed to stand about the streets, and all made to work.","Danacott had returned and is living out with, and managing for his cousin Miss Sheppherd. He is a strange fellow, why he does not marry the woman I cannot divine. I have no doubt they have been engaged to be married for 15 years. He has now left his own place and taken the management of her affairs. His health is good. I have not heard from Clarkson since the evacuation. I fear with you that he is in a bad fix.","You are mistaken in supposing that Kent Paine \u0026 Co. and others are worth more than they were before the war. I understand that they will not be able to pay their debts, and this is the case with few exceptions of nearly all of the merchants in the city. Merchants have lost more than any other class by the fire.","In relation to our business affairs, I do not agree with you that we have \"fallen to rise no more.\" In relation to our Northern indebtedness I think it can be settled for 20 or 25 % and I would like very much to see you and have a talk with you on this subject. I think if we can raise 10 or 12,000 dollars, we can pay our whole debt and the sooner some arrangement is made the better. I have been advised to this course by merchants who have recently returned from the North and know the feeling of the merchants there. If this can be done it will be certainly best for both of us.","I do not know what your views of business are for the future, whether you will embark in the Mercantile business again or not, but as for myself I must get to doing something as soon as prudent to do so. I feel like going to work with renewed effort and regain what is lost. In the first place I would like to be free from our old debts and then I shall be ready for any business that might offer. I hope to see or hear from you soon. I would come up to see you, but I have not the money to spare at present. I was only left with six dollars of available funds, though since the evacuation I have not been idle. I have been buying a few goods at auction and reselling, and have made and have made a few dollars which has enabled me to get along without drawing rations from the Northern Government, though very many of our best citizens have had to do so, and many who were able before the evacuation. As to Mr. Warwick, I do not think he has ever drawn rations- if so I have never heard of it.","I have had some few calls from our Northern Creditors. Mr. Merchant was in, but said nothing about business, nor did I to him. He only remained two days. A gentleman of the house of O. R. Tweedy \u0026 Co. of New York called on me. He had in his possession a letter written by you in May 1861, which was very bitter. He stated that the house was very much hurt at receiving such a letter (he is not a partner). I regret myself the writing of the letter to that house for the reason that I believe the Members of that concern to be conservative and had been very kind to us. A few days since, a gentleman called on me from Boston who had with him the a/c [account] of W. Lovejoy \u0026 Co. I told him the [word eligible] of affairs as well as I could, what losses were sustained, etc. He seemed to sympathize with us as well as others in the same condition and hoped that all would be well. So far as I have seen the disposition [of] all Northern Creditors is kind. I enclose you a letter received from a concern in Hartford, Ct. If you can do so, you will come down at an early day- if not please write me and give me your views. I think the sooner we take some step to arranging our debts the better.","My family are all well and join in kind regards to Mrs. Ward \u0026 yourself. \nYours truly, \nO. F. Weisiger","This collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes:\n Evacuation of the city Extensive fire Occupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves Problems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business Discussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. ","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0285","/repositories/3/resources/367"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"collection_ssim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"creator_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"creators_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Siege of Richmond (Virginia : 1864-1865)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Siege of Richmond (Virginia : 1864-1865)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/3457\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This item is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOscar F. Weisiger (1820-1886) was a businessman in Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War he was a Confederate officer. On January 20, 1863 he was serving as a Captain, Assistant Quartermaster (superintendent of clothing depot in Richmond).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger (1820-1886) was a businessman in Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War he was a Confederate officer. On January 20, 1863 he was serving as a Captain, Assistant Quartermaster (superintendent of clothing depot in Richmond)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond May 29th, 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Ward,\nIt was with much pleasure that I received your letter of the 16th inst. for I have longed wished to hear from you, and should have written if there had been any way of sending a letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe night of the 2d ultimo will be memorable to all who were residents of this city. The evacuation was not thought of even by the President who was attending service at St. Paul's. At 12 o'clock a dispatch was received from Genl. Lee and handed to the President, while in church, to the effect that his- Genl. Lee's - line, had been pierced in two places and that unless he could reinstate them, it would be necessary to evacuate the city that night. It was then reported throughout the city. Hearing these reports, I started down to the office and on my way saw Genl. Ewell who informed me that the report was true and that Richmond would be evacuated that night at 12 o'clock.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hurried down to the office and went to work with what force I could collect to box up and ship off the goods on hand. I worked all night but to little purpose, for what goods were sent to the Danville depot remained there until Monday morning and were either consumed by the fire or stolen. Such a scene I never saw before and hope never to see again. The most perfect confusion and disorder reigned. The troops from the North side of James River were passing from 12 o'clock Sunday night until 7 o'clock Monday morning, the last had scarcely crossed the bridge before the Federal troops entered the City. I cleared my house of every article, what I could not distribute to the troops while passing, I distributed to the citizens at large. It is fortunate that I did so for in a few hours the building was consumed by fire. The order as I understand it was to fire the Warehouse which was done early Monday morning and from that hour until late in the evening the fire raged with great fury. The explosion of the Powder Magazine was most fearful, and by it, I regret to say that some 10 or 12 paupers lost their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI cannot begin to describe to you the terrors of that day. It can only be likened to my conception of the Judgement Day. At no time during the war did the fiercest artillery duel equal in bursting of shell the firing of the Laboratory. Every second there was a discharge of shell from early morn to late in the evening to the great danger of the lives of all who lived in the direction of the building. Fortunately no one was injured by the explosion of shell to my knowledge. I scarcely know how to describe to you the extent of the fire so that you will understand it. However I will do the best I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe whole business part of the City from 9 to 15th St. is in ashes. The houses on both sides of Cary St. from 9 to 15th St. and all of the houses on the cross streets to the river including Warwicks Mill and all of the houses around the Basin, the Petersburg depot and all the houses under Gambill's Hill to 5th St. including the state armory, the houses on Main St. from 9th to 15th St. with the exception that on the east side of Main the fire was stopped at Mitchell \u0026amp; Tyler's house, the houses on the west side of Main were destroyed to the Traders Bank which is opposite to Hening's Store. All of the houses between Main \u0026amp; Bank streets and on Bank were destroyed. The fire then extended up Franklin Street on the west side to Dr. Cunningham's and on the east side to 2 houses above Dr. Reid's church, burning the Church and Lecture room. The houses on the south side of Governors St. were saved, but those on the north side were burned. All of the bridges were destroyed. It will be necessary for you to see the ruins to fully understand the extent of this fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe result has been just what I predicted three years ago, that when Richmond was given up it would be the death blow to the Confederacy. did not think however that it would follow so soon. Since the occupation of the City by the Federal Troops the most perfect order has prevailed. They have no respect for the Negro, and make them toe the mark in every respect. The Negro is nothing like so free as before, except in name. They are kept in very strict discipline, not allowed to stand about the streets, and all made to work.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDanacott had returned and is living out with, and managing for his cousin Miss Sheppherd. He is a strange fellow, why he does not marry the woman I cannot divine. I have no doubt they have been engaged to be married for 15 years. He has now left his own place and taken the management of her affairs. His health is good. I have not heard from Clarkson since the evacuation. I fear with you that he is in a bad fix.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou are mistaken in supposing that Kent Paine \u0026amp; Co. and others are worth more than they were before the war. I understand that they will not be able to pay their debts, and this is the case with few exceptions of nearly all of the merchants in the city. Merchants have lost more than any other class by the fire.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn relation to our business affairs, I do not agree with you that we have \"fallen to rise no more.\" In relation to our Northern indebtedness I think it can be settled for 20 or 25 % and I would like very much to see you and have a talk with you on this subject. I think if we can raise 10 or 12,000 dollars, we can pay our whole debt and the sooner some arrangement is made the better. I have been advised to this course by merchants who have recently returned from the North and know the feeling of the merchants there. If this can be done it will be certainly best for both of us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know what your views of business are for the future, whether you will embark in the Mercantile business again or not, but as for myself I must get to doing something as soon as prudent to do so. I feel like going to work with renewed effort and regain what is lost. In the first place I would like to be free from our old debts and then I shall be ready for any business that might offer. I hope to see or hear from you soon. I would come up to see you, but I have not the money to spare at present. I was only left with six dollars of available funds, though since the evacuation I have not been idle. I have been buying a few goods at auction and reselling, and have made and have made a few dollars which has enabled me to get along without drawing rations from the Northern Government, though very many of our best citizens have had to do so, and many who were able before the evacuation. As to Mr. Warwick, I do not think he has ever drawn rations- if so I have never heard of it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have had some few calls from our Northern Creditors. Mr. Merchant was in, but said nothing about business, nor did I to him. He only remained two days. A gentleman of the house of O. R. Tweedy \u0026amp; Co. of New York called on me. He had in his possession a letter written by you in May 1861, which was very bitter. He stated that the house was very much hurt at receiving such a letter (he is not a partner). I regret myself the writing of the letter to that house for the reason that I believe the Members of that concern to be conservative and had been very kind to us. A few days since, a gentleman called on me from Boston who had with him the a/c [account] of W. Lovejoy \u0026amp; Co. I told him the [word eligible] of affairs as well as I could, what losses were sustained, etc. He seemed to sympathize with us as well as others in the same condition and hoped that all would be well. So far as I have seen the disposition [of] all Northern Creditors is kind. I enclose you a letter received from a concern in Hartford, Ct. If you can do so, you will come down at an early day- if not please write me and give me your views. I think the sooner we take some step to arranging our debts the better.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy family are all well and join in kind regards to Mrs. Ward \u0026amp; yourself.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours truly,\u003cbr\u003e\nO. F. Weisiger\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Richmond May 29th, 1865","Dear Ward,\nIt was with much pleasure that I received your letter of the 16th inst. for I have longed wished to hear from you, and should have written if there had been any way of sending a letter.","The night of the 2d ultimo will be memorable to all who were residents of this city. The evacuation was not thought of even by the President who was attending service at St. Paul's. At 12 o'clock a dispatch was received from Genl. Lee and handed to the President, while in church, to the effect that his- Genl. Lee's - line, had been pierced in two places and that unless he could reinstate them, it would be necessary to evacuate the city that night. It was then reported throughout the city. Hearing these reports, I started down to the office and on my way saw Genl. Ewell who informed me that the report was true and that Richmond would be evacuated that night at 12 o'clock.","I hurried down to the office and went to work with what force I could collect to box up and ship off the goods on hand. I worked all night but to little purpose, for what goods were sent to the Danville depot remained there until Monday morning and were either consumed by the fire or stolen. Such a scene I never saw before and hope never to see again. The most perfect confusion and disorder reigned. The troops from the North side of James River were passing from 12 o'clock Sunday night until 7 o'clock Monday morning, the last had scarcely crossed the bridge before the Federal troops entered the City. I cleared my house of every article, what I could not distribute to the troops while passing, I distributed to the citizens at large. It is fortunate that I did so for in a few hours the building was consumed by fire. The order as I understand it was to fire the Warehouse which was done early Monday morning and from that hour until late in the evening the fire raged with great fury. The explosion of the Powder Magazine was most fearful, and by it, I regret to say that some 10 or 12 paupers lost their lives.","I cannot begin to describe to you the terrors of that day. It can only be likened to my conception of the Judgement Day. At no time during the war did the fiercest artillery duel equal in bursting of shell the firing of the Laboratory. Every second there was a discharge of shell from early morn to late in the evening to the great danger of the lives of all who lived in the direction of the building. Fortunately no one was injured by the explosion of shell to my knowledge. I scarcely know how to describe to you the extent of the fire so that you will understand it. However I will do the best I can.","The whole business part of the City from 9 to 15th St. is in ashes. The houses on both sides of Cary St. from 9 to 15th St. and all of the houses on the cross streets to the river including Warwicks Mill and all of the houses around the Basin, the Petersburg depot and all the houses under Gambill's Hill to 5th St. including the state armory, the houses on Main St. from 9th to 15th St. with the exception that on the east side of Main the fire was stopped at Mitchell \u0026 Tyler's house, the houses on the west side of Main were destroyed to the Traders Bank which is opposite to Hening's Store. All of the houses between Main \u0026 Bank streets and on Bank were destroyed. The fire then extended up Franklin Street on the west side to Dr. Cunningham's and on the east side to 2 houses above Dr. Reid's church, burning the Church and Lecture room. The houses on the south side of Governors St. were saved, but those on the north side were burned. All of the bridges were destroyed. It will be necessary for you to see the ruins to fully understand the extent of this fire.","The result has been just what I predicted three years ago, that when Richmond was given up it would be the death blow to the Confederacy. did not think however that it would follow so soon. Since the occupation of the City by the Federal Troops the most perfect order has prevailed. They have no respect for the Negro, and make them toe the mark in every respect. The Negro is nothing like so free as before, except in name. They are kept in very strict discipline, not allowed to stand about the streets, and all made to work.","Danacott had returned and is living out with, and managing for his cousin Miss Sheppherd. He is a strange fellow, why he does not marry the woman I cannot divine. I have no doubt they have been engaged to be married for 15 years. He has now left his own place and taken the management of her affairs. His health is good. I have not heard from Clarkson since the evacuation. I fear with you that he is in a bad fix.","You are mistaken in supposing that Kent Paine \u0026 Co. and others are worth more than they were before the war. I understand that they will not be able to pay their debts, and this is the case with few exceptions of nearly all of the merchants in the city. Merchants have lost more than any other class by the fire.","In relation to our business affairs, I do not agree with you that we have \"fallen to rise no more.\" In relation to our Northern indebtedness I think it can be settled for 20 or 25 % and I would like very much to see you and have a talk with you on this subject. I think if we can raise 10 or 12,000 dollars, we can pay our whole debt and the sooner some arrangement is made the better. I have been advised to this course by merchants who have recently returned from the North and know the feeling of the merchants there. If this can be done it will be certainly best for both of us.","I do not know what your views of business are for the future, whether you will embark in the Mercantile business again or not, but as for myself I must get to doing something as soon as prudent to do so. I feel like going to work with renewed effort and regain what is lost. In the first place I would like to be free from our old debts and then I shall be ready for any business that might offer. I hope to see or hear from you soon. I would come up to see you, but I have not the money to spare at present. I was only left with six dollars of available funds, though since the evacuation I have not been idle. I have been buying a few goods at auction and reselling, and have made and have made a few dollars which has enabled me to get along without drawing rations from the Northern Government, though very many of our best citizens have had to do so, and many who were able before the evacuation. As to Mr. Warwick, I do not think he has ever drawn rations- if so I have never heard of it.","I have had some few calls from our Northern Creditors. Mr. Merchant was in, but said nothing about business, nor did I to him. He only remained two days. A gentleman of the house of O. R. Tweedy \u0026 Co. of New York called on me. He had in his possession a letter written by you in May 1861, which was very bitter. He stated that the house was very much hurt at receiving such a letter (he is not a partner). I regret myself the writing of the letter to that house for the reason that I believe the Members of that concern to be conservative and had been very kind to us. A few days since, a gentleman called on me from Boston who had with him the a/c [account] of W. Lovejoy \u0026 Co. I told him the [word eligible] of affairs as well as I could, what losses were sustained, etc. He seemed to sympathize with us as well as others in the same condition and hoped that all would be well. So far as I have seen the disposition [of] all Northern Creditors is kind. I enclose you a letter received from a concern in Hartford, Ct. If you can do so, you will come down at an early day- if not please write me and give me your views. I think the sooner we take some step to arranging our debts the better.","My family are all well and join in kind regards to Mrs. Ward \u0026 yourself. \nYours truly, \nO. F. Weisiger"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter. Manuscript # 0285. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Oscar F. Weisiger Civil War letter. Manuscript # 0285. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvacuation of the city\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensive fire\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOccupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProblems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated May 25, 1865) from Oscar F. Weisiger to Q. M. Ward, a business partner in Big Lick (now Roanoke), Virginia. This detailed letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy. The letter describes:\n Evacuation of the city Extensive fire Occupation of the city by federal troops and the troops' treatment of former slaves Problems Weisiger faces in attempting to reestablish his mercantile business Discussion of Weisiger's relationship with northern creditors. ","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter provides an eyewitness account of the last days of the Civil War in Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d5884f186106e46368d6234607050019\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Weisiger, Oscar F., 1820-1886"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:38.121Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_367"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel S. Brooke papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_606.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00021.xml","title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"text":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606","Samuel S. Brooke papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online .","Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.","Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.","The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creators_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 items"],"extent_tesim":["11 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1923\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFredericksburg, April 17th/62\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam \u0026amp; Mr. Bruce-\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026amp; family \u0026amp; Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond, May 17th\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFluvanna, June 26\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nAugst. 18th, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026amp; have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026amp; and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026amp; Washington, \u0026amp; their army is now too weak to be divided.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFenton says in her letter that she \u0026amp; the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026amp; succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026amp; fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026amp; anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026amp; jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026amp; plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026amp; I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026amp; that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026amp; I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026amp; staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026amp; myself, \u0026amp; one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026amp; Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026amp; the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026amp; remember me to all enquiring friends.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWill Fenton \u0026amp; Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cc34fecb0fd7d6f78c29af65af21b932\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:11.210Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_606.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00021.xml","title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"text":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606","Samuel S. Brooke papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online .","Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.","Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.","The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creators_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 items"],"extent_tesim":["11 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1923\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFredericksburg, April 17th/62\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam \u0026amp; Mr. Bruce-\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026amp; family \u0026amp; Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond, May 17th\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFluvanna, June 26\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nAugst. 18th, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026amp; have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026amp; and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026amp; Washington, \u0026amp; their army is now too weak to be divided.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFenton says in her letter that she \u0026amp; the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026amp; succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026amp; fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026amp; anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026amp; jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026amp; plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026amp; I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026amp; that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026amp; I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026amp; staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026amp; myself, \u0026amp; one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026amp; Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026amp; the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026amp; remember me to all enquiring friends.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWill Fenton \u0026amp; Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cc34fecb0fd7d6f78c29af65af21b932\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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