{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=UMWA+-+Miners+for+Democracy.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=UMWA+-+Miners+for+Democracy.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"J. Davitt McAteer Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1272#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McAteer, J. 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Davitt McAteer Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1967-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1967-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272"],"text":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272","J. Davitt McAteer Papers","UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","No special access restriction applies.","Papers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.","Series include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)","This series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.","This series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.","This series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","McAteer, J. Davitt","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"collection_ssim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creator_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creators_ssim":["McAteer, J. 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Davitt McAteer Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3088, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], J. Davitt McAteer Papers, A\u0026M 3088, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). 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Davitt McAteer Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1967-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1967-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272"],"text":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272","J. Davitt McAteer Papers","UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","No special access restriction applies.","Papers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.","Series include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)","This series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.","This series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.","This series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","McAteer, J. Davitt","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3088","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1272"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"collection_ssim":["J. Davitt McAteer Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creator_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"creators_ssim":["McAteer, J. Davitt"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy."],"access_subjects_ssm":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.08 Linear Feet 2 ft. 1 in. (5 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["2.08 Linear Feet 2 ft. 1 in. (5 document cases, 5 in. each)"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], J. 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Subjects include property taxes, various counties in WV, and assorted manuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes files regarding McAteer's tenure on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance, a coalition of assorted organizations across Appalachia that focused on several different topics, including miners, land ownership, and strip mining.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of J. Davitt McAteer, formerly a staff attorney for the United Mine Workers of America. The papers document McAteer's activities on behalf of Miners for Democracy in the UMWA's 1972 election, his involvement with West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes (1976-1982), and his service on the executive steering committee of the Appalachian Alliance (1977-1981). Includes correspondence, legal materials, subject files, memos, and scattered meeting minutes.","Series include:\nSeries 1. Miners for Democracy, 1972 Election, ca. 1972 (boxes 1-2)\nSeries 2. West Virginians for Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, 1967-1980, undated (boxes 3-5)\nSeries 3. Appalachian Alliance, 1977–1981 (box 5)","This series includes subject files regarding the Miners for Democracy and the 1972 Presidential Election of the United Mine Workers of America. Subjects include weekly reports, lawyers, the election, etc.","This series includes subject files regarding the West Virginians for a Fair and Equitable Assessment of Taxes, a group advocating for property tax reform in West Virginia. 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Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6636.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199501","title_ssm":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4497","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6636"],"text":["A\u0026M 4497","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6636","Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material","Finley Mine Disaster, 1972","UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","Unions - UMWA.","Coal mining - disasters.","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster:","The Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred on December 30, 1970, shortly after 12:00 p.m. and resulted in the deaths of 39 men. It occurred a year to the day after the passage of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 as was frequently mentioned during coverage of the disaster. Recovery was complicated by the fact that a foot of snow fell on the mountain roads at the time of the accident. It was the deadliest United States mine disaster since the Farmington Mine disaster (1968) and is the subject of several songs.","That day, the 38 dayshift workers entered the 3 ft. tall mine shaft at 7:00 a.m. and crawled down to approximately 2,400 ft. The explosion occurred around five hours later (at about 12:10 p.m.). The bodies of victims were removed within a day, and the mine was sealed until investigation could begin. There were two survivors of the explosion: A.T. Collins, who was blown out of the mine by the explosion while reentering the mine shaft after a lunch break, and Harrison Henson, who had been sent outside to get tools. Henson had turned around to return to the shaft when the mine exploded. Collins was one of three miners who testified that he had seen primer cord (an illegal fuse) at the mine site before the explosion.","(Adapted from Hurricane Creek mine disaster. (2021, January 02). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Creek_mine_disaster)","Buffalo Creek Flood Disaster:","The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3 (located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia) burst four days after having been declared \"satisfactory\" by a federal mine inspector. Dam #3, constructed of coal slurry sediment that had collected behind dams #1 and #2 dumped into the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek starting in 1968, failed first following heavy rains. The water from dam #3 then overwhelmed dams #2 and #1. Dam #3 was approximately 260 feet above the town of Saunders when it failed.","The resulting flood unleashed around 132 million gallons of black wastewater (cresting over 30 ft. high) upon the residents of sixteen coal towns along Buffalo Creek Hollow. As a result, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless of a population of 5,000. 551 homes and 30 businesses were destroyed. The disaster destroyed or damaged homes in several towns, including Saunders, Pardee, Lorado, Craneco, Lundale, Stowe, Crites, Latrobe, Robinette, Amherstdale, and others.","(Adapted from Buffalo Creek flood. (2020, December 18). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood)","Digital copies of negatives (35 mm) and some prints of photographs shot by photographer Phil Primack, who at one time worked for the Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, KY. Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.","This folder includes photos of the rescue efforts and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the congressional hearing in Hyden, KY and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the aftermath of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. See the Historical Note for more information about this event.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at the 46th Constitutional Convention of the United Mine Workers of America. This convention was the first after the results of the 1969 UMWA international union election results were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (William B. Bryant). Judge Bryant ordered that a new election should be held 1972/12/01-1972/12/08, which partially fell during this convention.","This folder includes photos taken at a \"Miners for Miller\" campaign event at the Evarts, KY community center.","This folder includes assorted photographs, including those of a talk given by Dr. I.E. Buff, a prominent cardiologist who was the person to coin the term \"black lung disease.\"","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Primack, Phil","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4497","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6636"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Finley Mine Disaster, 1972"],"geogname_ssim":["Finley Mine Disaster, 1972"],"creator_ssm":["Primack, Phil"],"creator_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"creators_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"places_ssim":["Finley Mine Disaster, 1972"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","Unions - UMWA.","Coal mining - disasters."],"access_subjects_ssm":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","Unions - UMWA.","Coal mining - disasters."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.33 Gigabytes 492 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"extent_tesim":["1.33 Gigabytes 492 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHurricane Creek Mine Disaster:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred on December 30, 1970, shortly after 12:00 p.m. and resulted in the deaths of 39 men. It occurred a year to the day after the passage of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 as was frequently mentioned during coverage of the disaster. Recovery was complicated by the fact that a foot of snow fell on the mountain roads at the time of the accident. It was the deadliest United States mine disaster since the Farmington Mine disaster (1968) and is the subject of several songs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat day, the 38 dayshift workers entered the 3 ft. tall mine shaft at 7:00 a.m. and crawled down to approximately 2,400 ft. The explosion occurred around five hours later (at about 12:10 p.m.). The bodies of victims were removed within a day, and the mine was sealed until investigation could begin. There were two survivors of the explosion: A.T. Collins, who was blown out of the mine by the explosion while reentering the mine shaft after a lunch break, and Harrison Henson, who had been sent outside to get tools. Henson had turned around to return to the shaft when the mine exploded. Collins was one of three miners who testified that he had seen primer cord (an illegal fuse) at the mine site before the explosion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(Adapted from Hurricane Creek mine disaster. (2021, January 02). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Creek_mine_disaster)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuffalo Creek Flood Disaster:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3 (located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia) burst four days after having been declared \"satisfactory\" by a federal mine inspector. Dam #3, constructed of coal slurry sediment that had collected behind dams #1 and #2 dumped into the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek starting in 1968, failed first following heavy rains. The water from dam #3 then overwhelmed dams #2 and #1. Dam #3 was approximately 260 feet above the town of Saunders when it failed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe resulting flood unleashed around 132 million gallons of black wastewater (cresting over 30 ft. high) upon the residents of sixteen coal towns along Buffalo Creek Hollow. As a result, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless of a population of 5,000. 551 homes and 30 businesses were destroyed. The disaster destroyed or damaged homes in several towns, including Saunders, Pardee, Lorado, Craneco, Lundale, Stowe, Crites, Latrobe, Robinette, Amherstdale, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(Adapted from Buffalo Creek flood. (2020, December 18). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster:","The Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred on December 30, 1970, shortly after 12:00 p.m. and resulted in the deaths of 39 men. It occurred a year to the day after the passage of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 as was frequently mentioned during coverage of the disaster. Recovery was complicated by the fact that a foot of snow fell on the mountain roads at the time of the accident. It was the deadliest United States mine disaster since the Farmington Mine disaster (1968) and is the subject of several songs.","That day, the 38 dayshift workers entered the 3 ft. tall mine shaft at 7:00 a.m. and crawled down to approximately 2,400 ft. The explosion occurred around five hours later (at about 12:10 p.m.). The bodies of victims were removed within a day, and the mine was sealed until investigation could begin. There were two survivors of the explosion: A.T. Collins, who was blown out of the mine by the explosion while reentering the mine shaft after a lunch break, and Harrison Henson, who had been sent outside to get tools. Henson had turned around to return to the shaft when the mine exploded. Collins was one of three miners who testified that he had seen primer cord (an illegal fuse) at the mine site before the explosion.","(Adapted from Hurricane Creek mine disaster. (2021, January 02). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Creek_mine_disaster)","Buffalo Creek Flood Disaster:","The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3 (located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia) burst four days after having been declared \"satisfactory\" by a federal mine inspector. Dam #3, constructed of coal slurry sediment that had collected behind dams #1 and #2 dumped into the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek starting in 1968, failed first following heavy rains. The water from dam #3 then overwhelmed dams #2 and #1. Dam #3 was approximately 260 feet above the town of Saunders when it failed.","The resulting flood unleashed around 132 million gallons of black wastewater (cresting over 30 ft. high) upon the residents of sixteen coal towns along Buffalo Creek Hollow. As a result, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless of a population of 5,000. 551 homes and 30 businesses were destroyed. The disaster destroyed or damaged homes in several towns, including Saunders, Pardee, Lorado, Craneco, Lundale, Stowe, Crites, Latrobe, Robinette, Amherstdale, and others.","(Adapted from Buffalo Creek flood. (2020, December 18). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 4497, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material, A\u0026M 4497, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of negatives (35 mm) and some prints of photographs shot by photographer Phil Primack, who at one time worked for the Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, KY. Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the rescue efforts and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the congressional hearing in Hyden, KY and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the aftermath of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. See the Historical Note for more information about this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at the 46th Constitutional Convention of the United Mine Workers of America. This convention was the first after the results of the 1969 UMWA international union election results were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (William B. Bryant). Judge Bryant ordered that a new election should be held 1972/12/01-1972/12/08, which partially fell during this convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at a \"Miners for Miller\" campaign event at the Evarts, KY community center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes assorted photographs, including those of a talk given by Dr. I.E. Buff, a prominent cardiologist who was the person to coin the term \"black lung disease.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Digital copies of negatives (35 mm) and some prints of photographs shot by photographer Phil Primack, who at one time worked for the Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, KY. Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.","This folder includes photos of the rescue efforts and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the congressional hearing in Hyden, KY and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the aftermath of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. See the Historical Note for more information about this event.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at the 46th Constitutional Convention of the United Mine Workers of America. This convention was the first after the results of the 1969 UMWA international union election results were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (William B. Bryant). Judge Bryant ordered that a new election should be held 1972/12/01-1972/12/08, which partially fell during this convention.","This folder includes photos taken at a \"Miners for Miller\" campaign event at the Evarts, KY community center.","This folder includes assorted photographs, including those of a talk given by Dr. I.E. Buff, a prominent cardiologist who was the person to coin the term \"black lung disease.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df10fd0137be86a4de7ec9296811008b\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Primack, Phil"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":474,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:52:28.444Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6636.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199501","title_ssm":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4497","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6636"],"text":["A\u0026M 4497","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6636","Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material","Finley Mine Disaster, 1972","UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","Unions - UMWA.","Coal mining - disasters.","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster:","The Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred on December 30, 1970, shortly after 12:00 p.m. and resulted in the deaths of 39 men. It occurred a year to the day after the passage of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 as was frequently mentioned during coverage of the disaster. Recovery was complicated by the fact that a foot of snow fell on the mountain roads at the time of the accident. It was the deadliest United States mine disaster since the Farmington Mine disaster (1968) and is the subject of several songs.","That day, the 38 dayshift workers entered the 3 ft. tall mine shaft at 7:00 a.m. and crawled down to approximately 2,400 ft. The explosion occurred around five hours later (at about 12:10 p.m.). The bodies of victims were removed within a day, and the mine was sealed until investigation could begin. There were two survivors of the explosion: A.T. Collins, who was blown out of the mine by the explosion while reentering the mine shaft after a lunch break, and Harrison Henson, who had been sent outside to get tools. Henson had turned around to return to the shaft when the mine exploded. Collins was one of three miners who testified that he had seen primer cord (an illegal fuse) at the mine site before the explosion.","(Adapted from Hurricane Creek mine disaster. (2021, January 02). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Creek_mine_disaster)","Buffalo Creek Flood Disaster:","The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3 (located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia) burst four days after having been declared \"satisfactory\" by a federal mine inspector. Dam #3, constructed of coal slurry sediment that had collected behind dams #1 and #2 dumped into the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek starting in 1968, failed first following heavy rains. The water from dam #3 then overwhelmed dams #2 and #1. Dam #3 was approximately 260 feet above the town of Saunders when it failed.","The resulting flood unleashed around 132 million gallons of black wastewater (cresting over 30 ft. high) upon the residents of sixteen coal towns along Buffalo Creek Hollow. As a result, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless of a population of 5,000. 551 homes and 30 businesses were destroyed. The disaster destroyed or damaged homes in several towns, including Saunders, Pardee, Lorado, Craneco, Lundale, Stowe, Crites, Latrobe, Robinette, Amherstdale, and others.","(Adapted from Buffalo Creek flood. (2020, December 18). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood)","Digital copies of negatives (35 mm) and some prints of photographs shot by photographer Phil Primack, who at one time worked for the Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, KY. Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.","This folder includes photos of the rescue efforts and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the congressional hearing in Hyden, KY and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the aftermath of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. See the Historical Note for more information about this event.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at the 46th Constitutional Convention of the United Mine Workers of America. This convention was the first after the results of the 1969 UMWA international union election results were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (William B. Bryant). Judge Bryant ordered that a new election should be held 1972/12/01-1972/12/08, which partially fell during this convention.","This folder includes photos taken at a \"Miners for Miller\" campaign event at the Evarts, KY community center.","This folder includes assorted photographs, including those of a talk given by Dr. I.E. Buff, a prominent cardiologist who was the person to coin the term \"black lung disease.\"","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Primack, Phil","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4497","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6636"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Finley Mine Disaster, 1972"],"geogname_ssim":["Finley Mine Disaster, 1972"],"creator_ssm":["Primack, Phil"],"creator_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"creators_ssim":["Primack, Phil"],"places_ssim":["Finley Mine Disaster, 1972"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","Unions - UMWA.","Coal mining - disasters."],"access_subjects_ssm":["UMWA - Miners for Democracy.","Unions - UMWA.","Coal mining - disasters."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.33 Gigabytes 492 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"extent_tesim":["1.33 Gigabytes 492 files, formats include .tif and .docx"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHurricane Creek Mine Disaster:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred on December 30, 1970, shortly after 12:00 p.m. and resulted in the deaths of 39 men. It occurred a year to the day after the passage of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 as was frequently mentioned during coverage of the disaster. Recovery was complicated by the fact that a foot of snow fell on the mountain roads at the time of the accident. It was the deadliest United States mine disaster since the Farmington Mine disaster (1968) and is the subject of several songs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat day, the 38 dayshift workers entered the 3 ft. tall mine shaft at 7:00 a.m. and crawled down to approximately 2,400 ft. The explosion occurred around five hours later (at about 12:10 p.m.). The bodies of victims were removed within a day, and the mine was sealed until investigation could begin. There were two survivors of the explosion: A.T. Collins, who was blown out of the mine by the explosion while reentering the mine shaft after a lunch break, and Harrison Henson, who had been sent outside to get tools. Henson had turned around to return to the shaft when the mine exploded. Collins was one of three miners who testified that he had seen primer cord (an illegal fuse) at the mine site before the explosion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(Adapted from Hurricane Creek mine disaster. (2021, January 02). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Creek_mine_disaster)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuffalo Creek Flood Disaster:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3 (located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia) burst four days after having been declared \"satisfactory\" by a federal mine inspector. Dam #3, constructed of coal slurry sediment that had collected behind dams #1 and #2 dumped into the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek starting in 1968, failed first following heavy rains. The water from dam #3 then overwhelmed dams #2 and #1. Dam #3 was approximately 260 feet above the town of Saunders when it failed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe resulting flood unleashed around 132 million gallons of black wastewater (cresting over 30 ft. high) upon the residents of sixteen coal towns along Buffalo Creek Hollow. As a result, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless of a population of 5,000. 551 homes and 30 businesses were destroyed. The disaster destroyed or damaged homes in several towns, including Saunders, Pardee, Lorado, Craneco, Lundale, Stowe, Crites, Latrobe, Robinette, Amherstdale, and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(Adapted from Buffalo Creek flood. (2020, December 18). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster:","The Hurricane Creek mine disaster occurred on December 30, 1970, shortly after 12:00 p.m. and resulted in the deaths of 39 men. It occurred a year to the day after the passage of the Coal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 as was frequently mentioned during coverage of the disaster. Recovery was complicated by the fact that a foot of snow fell on the mountain roads at the time of the accident. It was the deadliest United States mine disaster since the Farmington Mine disaster (1968) and is the subject of several songs.","That day, the 38 dayshift workers entered the 3 ft. tall mine shaft at 7:00 a.m. and crawled down to approximately 2,400 ft. The explosion occurred around five hours later (at about 12:10 p.m.). The bodies of victims were removed within a day, and the mine was sealed until investigation could begin. There were two survivors of the explosion: A.T. Collins, who was blown out of the mine by the explosion while reentering the mine shaft after a lunch break, and Harrison Henson, who had been sent outside to get tools. Henson had turned around to return to the shaft when the mine exploded. Collins was one of three miners who testified that he had seen primer cord (an illegal fuse) at the mine site before the explosion.","(Adapted from Hurricane Creek mine disaster. (2021, January 02). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Creek_mine_disaster)","Buffalo Creek Flood Disaster:","The Buffalo Creek flood was a disaster that occurred on February 26, 1972, when the Pittston Coal Company's coal slurry impoundment dam #3 (located on a hillside in Logan County, West Virginia) burst four days after having been declared \"satisfactory\" by a federal mine inspector. Dam #3, constructed of coal slurry sediment that had collected behind dams #1 and #2 dumped into the Middle Fork of Buffalo Creek starting in 1968, failed first following heavy rains. The water from dam #3 then overwhelmed dams #2 and #1. Dam #3 was approximately 260 feet above the town of Saunders when it failed.","The resulting flood unleashed around 132 million gallons of black wastewater (cresting over 30 ft. high) upon the residents of sixteen coal towns along Buffalo Creek Hollow. As a result, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless of a population of 5,000. 551 homes and 30 businesses were destroyed. The disaster destroyed or damaged homes in several towns, including Saunders, Pardee, Lorado, Craneco, Lundale, Stowe, Crites, Latrobe, Robinette, Amherstdale, and others.","(Adapted from Buffalo Creek flood. (2020, December 18). Retrieved February 01, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Creek_flood)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 4497, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Phil Primack, Photographer, Photographs of the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster and Other Material, A\u0026M 4497, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital copies of negatives (35 mm) and some prints of photographs shot by photographer Phil Primack, who at one time worked for the Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, KY. Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the rescue efforts and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the congressional hearing in Hyden, KY and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos of the aftermath of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. See the Historical Note for more information about this event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at the 46th Constitutional Convention of the United Mine Workers of America. This convention was the first after the results of the 1969 UMWA international union election results were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (William B. Bryant). Judge Bryant ordered that a new election should be held 1972/12/01-1972/12/08, which partially fell during this convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes photos taken at a \"Miners for Miller\" campaign event at the Evarts, KY community center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes assorted photographs, including those of a talk given by Dr. I.E. Buff, a prominent cardiologist who was the person to coin the term \"black lung disease.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Digital copies of negatives (35 mm) and some prints of photographs shot by photographer Phil Primack, who at one time worked for the Mountain Eagle newspaper in Whitesburg, KY. Subjects include the Hurricane Creek Mine Disaster (1970), the Buffalo Creek flood disaster (1972), the Miners for Democracy convention in Wheeling, West Virginia (1972, undated), a UMWA rally on Labor Day (1972), a \"Miners for Miller\" event in Evarts, KY, and the UMWA 46th Constitutional Convention (1973), the first under the reform leadership of Arnold Miller.","This folder includes photos of the rescue efforts and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the congressional hearing in Hyden, KY and investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the investigation into the Hurricane Creek mine disaster. See the Historical Note for more information on this event.","This folder includes photos of the aftermath of the Buffalo Creek flood disaster. See the Historical Note for more information about this event.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken during the Miners for Democracy (MFD) convention in Wheeling, WV. MFD was a reform caucus in the United Mine Workers of America that formed after the killings of Joseph \"Jock\" Yablonski (a UMWA presidential candidate at the time of his death), his wife, and his daughter on 1969/12/31. The convention was held to select a candidate for president of the UMWA after the results of the previous election were thrown out by a Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Arthur Miller and Mike Trbovich were chosen as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates respectively.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at a Labor Day rally hosted by the United Mine Workers of America for current and former members and their families.","This folder includes photos taken at the 46th Constitutional Convention of the United Mine Workers of America. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df10fd0137be86a4de7ec9296811008b\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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