{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Spanish-American+War%2C+1898\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Spanish-American+War%2C+1898\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles A. Townsend Letter","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Townsend, Charles A.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3601.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Townsend, Charles A., Letter","title_ssm":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1898"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.009"],"text":["Ms.2022.009","Charles A. Townsend Letter","Spanish-American War, 1898","Correspondence","Letters","The collection is open for research.","There is not much information to identify Charles A. Townsend. A Charles A. Townsend enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army's 9th Infantry, Company C, enlisting on December 7, 1897. A Charles A. Townsend served in the 8th Infantry.","Sources:","\"Charles A. Townsend\" entry in the database \"U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916\", Ancestry.com, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)'s \"Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821 - December 1916\", Microfilm Serial: M665; Roll: 106,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229","\"Charles A Townsend\" entry in the U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229","The guide to the Charles A. Townsend Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Townsend Letter was completed in April 2022.","This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, Chief Clerk of the United States, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, to his brother, Joseph Townsend in Colorado City, Texas, detailing events about the Spanish American War with remarks about the causalities during the \"invasion of Puerto Rico\" and the actions of Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill. Charles hopes to reunite with his brother soon. The end of the letter contains racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops participating in the war. ","N.B.:  The document contains offensive and racist language.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Townsend, Charles A.","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Townsend, Charles A."],"creator_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"creators_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Spanish-American War, 1898","Correspondence","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Spanish-American War, 1898","Correspondence","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1898],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is not much information to identify Charles A. Townsend. A Charles A. Townsend enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army's 9th Infantry, Company C, enlisting on December 7, 1897. A Charles A. Townsend served in the 8th Infantry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles A. Townsend\" entry in the database \"U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916\", Ancestry.com, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)'s \"Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821 - December 1916\", Microfilm Serial: M665; Roll: 106, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229\"\u003ehttps://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles A Townsend\" entry in the U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["There is not much information to identify Charles A. Townsend. A Charles A. Townsend enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army's 9th Infantry, Company C, enlisting on December 7, 1897. A Charles A. Townsend served in the 8th Infantry.","Sources:","\"Charles A. Townsend\" entry in the database \"U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916\", Ancestry.com, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)'s \"Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821 - December 1916\", Microfilm Serial: M665; Roll: 106,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229","\"Charles A Townsend\" entry in the U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles A. Townsend Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles A. Townsend Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Townsend Letter, 1898, Ms2022-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Townsend Letter, 1898, Ms2022-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Townsend Letter was completed in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Townsend Letter was completed in April 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, Chief Clerk of the United States, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, to his brother, Joseph Townsend in Colorado City, Texas, detailing events about the Spanish American War with remarks about the causalities during the \"invasion of Puerto Rico\" and the actions of Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill. Charles hopes to reunite with his brother soon. The end of the letter contains racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops participating in the war. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eN.B.:\u003c/emph\u003e The document contains offensive and racist language.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, Chief Clerk of the United States, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, to his brother, Joseph Townsend in Colorado City, Texas, detailing events about the Spanish American War with remarks about the causalities during the \"invasion of Puerto Rico\" and the actions of Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill. Charles hopes to reunite with his brother soon. The end of the letter contains racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops participating in the war. ","N.B.:  The document contains offensive and racist language."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d6439f3440bab415a7ead0e7767640c4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Townsend, Charles A."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:36:07.359Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3601.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Townsend, Charles A., Letter","title_ssm":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1898"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.009"],"text":["Ms.2022.009","Charles A. Townsend Letter","Spanish-American War, 1898","Correspondence","Letters","The collection is open for research.","There is not much information to identify Charles A. Townsend. A Charles A. Townsend enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army's 9th Infantry, Company C, enlisting on December 7, 1897. A Charles A. Townsend served in the 8th Infantry.","Sources:","\"Charles A. Townsend\" entry in the database \"U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916\", Ancestry.com, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)'s \"Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821 - December 1916\", Microfilm Serial: M665; Roll: 106,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229","\"Charles A Townsend\" entry in the U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229","The guide to the Charles A. Townsend Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Townsend Letter was completed in April 2022.","This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, Chief Clerk of the United States, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, to his brother, Joseph Townsend in Colorado City, Texas, detailing events about the Spanish American War with remarks about the causalities during the \"invasion of Puerto Rico\" and the actions of Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill. Charles hopes to reunite with his brother soon. The end of the letter contains racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops participating in the war. ","N.B.:  The document contains offensive and racist language.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Townsend, Charles A.","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles A. Townsend Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Townsend, Charles A."],"creator_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"creators_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Spanish-American War, 1898","Correspondence","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Spanish-American War, 1898","Correspondence","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1898],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is not much information to identify Charles A. Townsend. A Charles A. Townsend enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army's 9th Infantry, Company C, enlisting on December 7, 1897. A Charles A. Townsend served in the 8th Infantry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles A. Townsend\" entry in the database \"U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916\", Ancestry.com, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)'s \"Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821 - December 1916\", Microfilm Serial: M665; Roll: 106, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229\"\u003ehttps://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles A Townsend\" entry in the U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["There is not much information to identify Charles A. Townsend. A Charles A. Townsend enlisted as a private in the U. S. Army's 9th Infantry, Company C, enlisting on December 7, 1897. A Charles A. Townsend served in the 8th Infantry.","Sources:","\"Charles A. Townsend\" entry in the database \"U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916\", Ancestry.com, from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)'s \"Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, June 1821 - December 1916\", Microfilm Serial: M665; Roll: 106,  https://www-ancestrylibrary-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/discoveryui-content/view/13066435:2229","\"Charles A Townsend\" entry in the U.S., Returns from Regular Army Infantry Regiments, 1821-1916, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/13407928:2229"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles A. Townsend Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles A. Townsend Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Townsend Letter, 1898, Ms2022-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Townsend Letter, 1898, Ms2022-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Townsend Letter was completed in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Townsend Letter was completed in April 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, Chief Clerk of the United States, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, to his brother, Joseph Townsend in Colorado City, Texas, detailing events about the Spanish American War with remarks about the causalities during the \"invasion of Puerto Rico\" and the actions of Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill. Charles hopes to reunite with his brother soon. The end of the letter contains racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops participating in the war. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eN.B.:\u003c/emph\u003e The document contains offensive and racist language.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, Chief Clerk of the United States, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, to his brother, Joseph Townsend in Colorado City, Texas, detailing events about the Spanish American War with remarks about the causalities during the \"invasion of Puerto Rico\" and the actions of Theodore Roosevelt at San Juan Hill. Charles hopes to reunite with his brother soon. The end of the letter contains racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops participating in the war. ","N.B.:  The document contains offensive and racist language."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d6439f3440bab415a7ead0e7767640c4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a short letter from Charles A. Townsend, chief clerk of the United States of America, while at Guantánamo, Cuba, on August 14, 1898, during the Spanish American War, to his brother, Joseph Townsend. The letter discusses events during the Spanish-American War in Puerto Rico, including racist remarks about the \"colored\" troops fighting in the war."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Townsend, Charles A."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Townsend, Charles A."],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:36:07.359Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3601"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Francis, Henry","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1632.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Francis, Henry L. and Maurice K. Letters","title_ssm":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"title_tesim":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1899"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1899"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.005"],"text":["Ms.1989.005","Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters","Floyd County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Spanish-American War, 1898","The collection is open to research.","Henry Lewis Francis, Sr., son of William H. and Eliza Attaway Shelor, was born in Floyd County, Virginia, on September 24, 1876. In 1897, while working for the  Roanoke Times , he married Harriet R. Massie. The marriage would apparently later end in divorce. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Francis volunteered for military service and served as a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment. He continued to serve in the Roanoke Blues (a volunteer militia company) and in the Roanoke National Guard company, after the war. On December 12, 1906, Francis--still working for the  Roanoke Times --married Agnes Mayo (1885-1988) in Roanoke. The 1910 census shows Francis living in Roanoke with wife Agnes and a nine-month-old son while working as a merchant for a confectionary. (The Francises would have at least two more children.) By 1912, Francis was working as salesman for the Virginia Real Estate Exchange, Roanoke. He continued to work in real estate sales for the rest of his life. Henry L. Francis died in Roanoke on June 25, 1945.","Maurice Kemper Francis, older brother of Henry L. Francis, was born in Floyd County, Virginia on January 8, 1874. By late 1896, Francis was living and working in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1899, he was working for P. Kennedy's Foundry in Baltimore, but the 1900 census found him again in Chattanooga, boarding in the home of Victoria Vioux while working as an iron molder. By 1905, Francis had returned to Virginia and was working for the Roanoke Machine Works as a molder while living with his mother and brothers in the city. On July 29, 1905, he was murdered in Floyd County and was buried in Fair View Cemetery, Roanoke. ","The guide to the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters  by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","This collection had long held the title \"Henry Francis Correspondence,\" but a closer look at the contents during processing suggested that \"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters\" would be a more accurate title.","The processing and description of the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters commenced and was completed in January 2022.","This collection contains letters written by brothers Henry K. Francis--a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War--and his brother Maurice K. Francis, an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis, in Floyd County, Virginia. Most of Henry Francis's letters are written from Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Florida) and relate to personal matters, chiefly the trouble he is having with estranged wife Harriet (usually referred to in the letters as \"H\"). He touches only briefly on military affairs. His final letter discusses his imminent return home. ","Maurice Francis's letters, commencing from Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1896, also relate to personal matters: his living quarters, family relations, job prospects, and his personal finances and health. In his letter of May 1, 1898, he expresses concern over his brother Henry having volunteered for military service. ","The collection also contains a photographic portrait of an unidentified man--presumably Henry L. Francis--in uniform, with a \"VA\" insignia on collar. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K.","The materials in the colletion are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Floyd County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Floyd County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"creator_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"creators_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"places_ssim":["Floyd County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters were  purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Spanish-American War, 1898"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Spanish-American War, 1898"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Lewis Francis, Sr., son of William H. and Eliza Attaway Shelor, was born in Floyd County, Virginia, on September 24, 1876. In 1897, while working for the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, he married Harriet R. Massie. The marriage would apparently later end in divorce. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Francis volunteered for military service and served as a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment. He continued to serve in the Roanoke Blues (a volunteer militia company) and in the Roanoke National Guard company, after the war. On December 12, 1906, Francis--still working for the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e--married Agnes Mayo (1885-1988) in Roanoke. The 1910 census shows Francis living in Roanoke with wife Agnes and a nine-month-old son while working as a merchant for a confectionary. (The Francises would have at least two more children.) By 1912, Francis was working as salesman for the Virginia Real Estate Exchange, Roanoke. He continued to work in real estate sales for the rest of his life. Henry L. Francis died in Roanoke on June 25, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaurice Kemper Francis, older brother of Henry L. Francis, was born in Floyd County, Virginia on January 8, 1874. By late 1896, Francis was living and working in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1899, he was working for P. Kennedy's Foundry in Baltimore, but the 1900 census found him again in Chattanooga, boarding in the home of Victoria Vioux while working as an iron molder. By 1905, Francis had returned to Virginia and was working for the Roanoke Machine Works as a molder while living with his mother and brothers in the city. On July 29, 1905, he was murdered in Floyd County and was buried in Fair View Cemetery, Roanoke. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Lewis Francis, Sr., son of William H. and Eliza Attaway Shelor, was born in Floyd County, Virginia, on September 24, 1876. In 1897, while working for the  Roanoke Times , he married Harriet R. Massie. The marriage would apparently later end in divorce. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Francis volunteered for military service and served as a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment. He continued to serve in the Roanoke Blues (a volunteer militia company) and in the Roanoke National Guard company, after the war. On December 12, 1906, Francis--still working for the  Roanoke Times --married Agnes Mayo (1885-1988) in Roanoke. The 1910 census shows Francis living in Roanoke with wife Agnes and a nine-month-old son while working as a merchant for a confectionary. (The Francises would have at least two more children.) By 1912, Francis was working as salesman for the Virginia Real Estate Exchange, Roanoke. He continued to work in real estate sales for the rest of his life. Henry L. Francis died in Roanoke on June 25, 1945.","Maurice Kemper Francis, older brother of Henry L. Francis, was born in Floyd County, Virginia on January 8, 1874. By late 1896, Francis was living and working in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1899, he was working for P. Kennedy's Foundry in Baltimore, but the 1900 census found him again in Chattanooga, boarding in the home of Victoria Vioux while working as an iron molder. By 1905, Francis had returned to Virginia and was working for the Roanoke Machine Works as a molder while living with his mother and brothers in the city. On July 29, 1905, he was murdered in Floyd County and was buried in Fair View Cemetery, Roanoke. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters  by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection had long held the title \"Henry Francis Correspondence,\" but a closer look at the contents during processing suggested that \"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters\" would be a more accurate title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description","General"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters  by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","This collection had long held the title \"Henry Francis Correspondence,\" but a closer look at the contents during processing suggested that \"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters\" would be a more accurate title."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Correspondence, Ms1989-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Correspondence, Ms1989-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters commenced and was completed in January 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters commenced and was completed in January 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters written by brothers Henry K. Francis--a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War--and his brother Maurice K. Francis, an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis, in Floyd County, Virginia. Most of Henry Francis's letters are written from Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Florida) and relate to personal matters, chiefly the trouble he is having with estranged wife Harriet (usually referred to in the letters as \"H\"). He touches only briefly on military affairs. His final letter discusses his imminent return home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaurice Francis's letters, commencing from Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1896, also relate to personal matters: his living quarters, family relations, job prospects, and his personal finances and health. In his letter of May 1, 1898, he expresses concern over his brother Henry having volunteered for military service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a photographic portrait of an unidentified man--presumably Henry L. Francis--in uniform, with a \"VA\" insignia on collar. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters written by brothers Henry K. Francis--a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War--and his brother Maurice K. Francis, an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis, in Floyd County, Virginia. Most of Henry Francis's letters are written from Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Florida) and relate to personal matters, chiefly the trouble he is having with estranged wife Harriet (usually referred to in the letters as \"H\"). He touches only briefly on military affairs. His final letter discusses his imminent return home. ","Maurice Francis's letters, commencing from Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1896, also relate to personal matters: his living quarters, family relations, job prospects, and his personal finances and health. In his letter of May 1, 1898, he expresses concern over his brother Henry having volunteered for military service. ","The collection also contains a photographic portrait of an unidentified man--presumably Henry L. Francis--in uniform, with a \"VA\" insignia on collar. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_92713e22ddc226a2adc8432aff2132b8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the colletion are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:59.576Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1632.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Francis, Henry L. and Maurice K. Letters","title_ssm":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"title_tesim":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1896-1899"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1896-1899"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.005"],"text":["Ms.1989.005","Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters","Floyd County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Spanish-American War, 1898","The collection is open to research.","Henry Lewis Francis, Sr., son of William H. and Eliza Attaway Shelor, was born in Floyd County, Virginia, on September 24, 1876. In 1897, while working for the  Roanoke Times , he married Harriet R. Massie. The marriage would apparently later end in divorce. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Francis volunteered for military service and served as a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment. He continued to serve in the Roanoke Blues (a volunteer militia company) and in the Roanoke National Guard company, after the war. On December 12, 1906, Francis--still working for the  Roanoke Times --married Agnes Mayo (1885-1988) in Roanoke. The 1910 census shows Francis living in Roanoke with wife Agnes and a nine-month-old son while working as a merchant for a confectionary. (The Francises would have at least two more children.) By 1912, Francis was working as salesman for the Virginia Real Estate Exchange, Roanoke. He continued to work in real estate sales for the rest of his life. Henry L. Francis died in Roanoke on June 25, 1945.","Maurice Kemper Francis, older brother of Henry L. Francis, was born in Floyd County, Virginia on January 8, 1874. By late 1896, Francis was living and working in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1899, he was working for P. Kennedy's Foundry in Baltimore, but the 1900 census found him again in Chattanooga, boarding in the home of Victoria Vioux while working as an iron molder. By 1905, Francis had returned to Virginia and was working for the Roanoke Machine Works as a molder while living with his mother and brothers in the city. On July 29, 1905, he was murdered in Floyd County and was buried in Fair View Cemetery, Roanoke. ","The guide to the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters  by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","This collection had long held the title \"Henry Francis Correspondence,\" but a closer look at the contents during processing suggested that \"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters\" would be a more accurate title.","The processing and description of the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters commenced and was completed in January 2022.","This collection contains letters written by brothers Henry K. Francis--a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War--and his brother Maurice K. Francis, an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis, in Floyd County, Virginia. Most of Henry Francis's letters are written from Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Florida) and relate to personal matters, chiefly the trouble he is having with estranged wife Harriet (usually referred to in the letters as \"H\"). He touches only briefly on military affairs. His final letter discusses his imminent return home. ","Maurice Francis's letters, commencing from Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1896, also relate to personal matters: his living quarters, family relations, job prospects, and his personal finances and health. In his letter of May 1, 1898, he expresses concern over his brother Henry having volunteered for military service. ","The collection also contains a photographic portrait of an unidentified man--presumably Henry L. Francis--in uniform, with a \"VA\" insignia on collar. ","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K.","The materials in the colletion are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"collection_ssim":["Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Floyd County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Floyd County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"creator_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"creators_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"places_ssim":["Floyd County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters were  purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Spanish-American War, 1898"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Spanish-American War, 1898"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1897,1898,1899],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Lewis Francis, Sr., son of William H. and Eliza Attaway Shelor, was born in Floyd County, Virginia, on September 24, 1876. In 1897, while working for the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, he married Harriet R. Massie. The marriage would apparently later end in divorce. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Francis volunteered for military service and served as a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment. He continued to serve in the Roanoke Blues (a volunteer militia company) and in the Roanoke National Guard company, after the war. On December 12, 1906, Francis--still working for the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e--married Agnes Mayo (1885-1988) in Roanoke. The 1910 census shows Francis living in Roanoke with wife Agnes and a nine-month-old son while working as a merchant for a confectionary. (The Francises would have at least two more children.) By 1912, Francis was working as salesman for the Virginia Real Estate Exchange, Roanoke. He continued to work in real estate sales for the rest of his life. Henry L. Francis died in Roanoke on June 25, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaurice Kemper Francis, older brother of Henry L. Francis, was born in Floyd County, Virginia on January 8, 1874. By late 1896, Francis was living and working in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1899, he was working for P. Kennedy's Foundry in Baltimore, but the 1900 census found him again in Chattanooga, boarding in the home of Victoria Vioux while working as an iron molder. By 1905, Francis had returned to Virginia and was working for the Roanoke Machine Works as a molder while living with his mother and brothers in the city. On July 29, 1905, he was murdered in Floyd County and was buried in Fair View Cemetery, Roanoke. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Lewis Francis, Sr., son of William H. and Eliza Attaway Shelor, was born in Floyd County, Virginia, on September 24, 1876. In 1897, while working for the  Roanoke Times , he married Harriet R. Massie. The marriage would apparently later end in divorce. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Francis volunteered for military service and served as a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment. He continued to serve in the Roanoke Blues (a volunteer militia company) and in the Roanoke National Guard company, after the war. On December 12, 1906, Francis--still working for the  Roanoke Times --married Agnes Mayo (1885-1988) in Roanoke. The 1910 census shows Francis living in Roanoke with wife Agnes and a nine-month-old son while working as a merchant for a confectionary. (The Francises would have at least two more children.) By 1912, Francis was working as salesman for the Virginia Real Estate Exchange, Roanoke. He continued to work in real estate sales for the rest of his life. Henry L. Francis died in Roanoke on June 25, 1945.","Maurice Kemper Francis, older brother of Henry L. Francis, was born in Floyd County, Virginia on January 8, 1874. By late 1896, Francis was living and working in Chattanooga, Tennessee. In 1899, he was working for P. Kennedy's Foundry in Baltimore, but the 1900 census found him again in Chattanooga, boarding in the home of Victoria Vioux while working as an iron molder. By 1905, Francis had returned to Virginia and was working for the Roanoke Machine Works as a molder while living with his mother and brothers in the city. On July 29, 1905, he was murdered in Floyd County and was buried in Fair View Cemetery, Roanoke. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters  by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection had long held the title \"Henry Francis Correspondence,\" but a closer look at the contents during processing suggested that \"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters\" would be a more accurate title.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description","General"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters  by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","This collection had long held the title \"Henry Francis Correspondence,\" but a closer look at the contents during processing suggested that \"Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters\" would be a more accurate title."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Correspondence, Ms1989-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Correspondence, Ms1989-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters commenced and was completed in January 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Henry L. and Maurice K. Francis Letters commenced and was completed in January 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters written by brothers Henry K. Francis--a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War--and his brother Maurice K. Francis, an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis, in Floyd County, Virginia. Most of Henry Francis's letters are written from Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Florida) and relate to personal matters, chiefly the trouble he is having with estranged wife Harriet (usually referred to in the letters as \"H\"). He touches only briefly on military affairs. His final letter discusses his imminent return home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaurice Francis's letters, commencing from Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1896, also relate to personal matters: his living quarters, family relations, job prospects, and his personal finances and health. In his letter of May 1, 1898, he expresses concern over his brother Henry having volunteered for military service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a photographic portrait of an unidentified man--presumably Henry L. Francis--in uniform, with a \"VA\" insignia on collar. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters written by brothers Henry K. Francis--a corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish-American War--and his brother Maurice K. Francis, an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis, in Floyd County, Virginia. Most of Henry Francis's letters are written from Camp Cuba Libre (Jacksonville, Florida) and relate to personal matters, chiefly the trouble he is having with estranged wife Harriet (usually referred to in the letters as \"H\"). He touches only briefly on military affairs. His final letter discusses his imminent return home. ","Maurice Francis's letters, commencing from Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1896, also relate to personal matters: his living quarters, family relations, job prospects, and his personal finances and health. In his letter of May 1, 1898, he expresses concern over his brother Henry having volunteered for military service. ","The collection also contains a photographic portrait of an unidentified man--presumably Henry L. Francis--in uniform, with a \"VA\" insignia on collar. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_92713e22ddc226a2adc8432aff2132b8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letters of brothers Henry Lewis Francis, Sr. (1876-1945), corporal in Company F, 2nd Virginia Regiment during the Spanish-American War, and Maurice K. Francis (1874-1905), an iron molder, written to their mother, Eliza A. Francis of Floyd County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Francis, Henry","Francis, Maurice K."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the colletion are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:59.576Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1632"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":2},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Spanish-American+War%2C+1898\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Spanish-American+War%2C+1898\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Charles A. 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