{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Smallpox+prevention.\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Smallpox+prevention.\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05123","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05123","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05123","_root_":"vi_vi05123","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05123","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05123.xml","title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007770387\n"],"text":["0007770387\n","Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n","Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007770387\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Chesterfield County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJustices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:08:45.570Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05123","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05123","_root_":"vi_vi05123","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05123","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05123.xml","title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007770387\n"],"text":["0007770387\n","Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n","Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007770387\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Chesterfield County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJustices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:08:45.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123"}},{"id":"vi_vi05124","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05124","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05124","_root_":"vi_vi05124","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05124","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05124.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1156173\n"],"text":["1156173\n","Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n","Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1156173\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eletter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026amp; child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstablishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:20:26.189Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05124","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05124","_root_":"vi_vi05124","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05124","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05124.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1156173\n"],"text":["1156173\n","Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n","Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1156173\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eletter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026amp; child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstablishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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