{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slavery+--+United+States\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slavery+--+United+States\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slavery+--+United+States\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":null,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":28,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4101.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Williams, Samuel, Ledger","title_ssm":["Samuel Williams Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Williams Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1839-1840"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1839-1840"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839/1840"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840"],"text":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840","Ms.2023.055","/repositories/2/resources/4101","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","The collection is open for research.","The creator of the ledger is probably Samuel Williams (1769-1840), a Virginian enslaver in Wythe and Smyth counties. Williams married Sarah \"Sally\" Buster (c. 1776-1836) on September 25, 1795, in Wythe County, and together they had ten children. The 1830 U. S. Federal Census indicates Williams enslaved 13 persons and the 1840 census lists 11 enslaved people, including 6 under 10 years old. The ledger includes the names of 18 enslaved men, women, and children.","External Sources:","Dealer's description","U.S. Federal Census, 1830-1840","\"Samuel Williams\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams, accessed March 14, 2024.","\"Samuel Williams\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214, accessed March 14, 2024.","The guide to the Samuel Williams Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Williams Ledger was completed in June 2023.","The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840","The material in this collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.055","/repositories/2/resources/4101"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.055","/repositories/2/resources/4101"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Samuel Williams Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in February 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creator of the ledger is probably Samuel Williams (1769-1840), a Virginian enslaver in Wythe and Smyth counties. Williams married Sarah \"Sally\" Buster (c. 1776-1836) on September 25, 1795, in Wythe County, and together they had ten children. The 1830 U. S. Federal Census indicates Williams enslaved 13 persons and the 1840 census lists 11 enslaved people, including 6 under 10 years old. The ledger includes the names of 18 enslaved men, women, and children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDealer's description\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Federal Census, 1830-1840\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Samuel Williams\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 14, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Samuel Williams\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 14, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creator of the ledger is probably Samuel Williams (1769-1840), a Virginian enslaver in Wythe and Smyth counties. Williams married Sarah \"Sally\" Buster (c. 1776-1836) on September 25, 1795, in Wythe County, and together they had ten children. The 1830 U. S. Federal Census indicates Williams enslaved 13 persons and the 1840 census lists 11 enslaved people, including 6 under 10 years old. The ledger includes the names of 18 enslaved men, women, and children.","External Sources:","Dealer's description","U.S. Federal Census, 1830-1840","\"Samuel Williams\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams, accessed March 14, 2024.","\"Samuel Williams\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214, accessed March 14, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Samuel Williams Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Samuel Williams Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Williams Ledger, c. 1839-1840, Ms2023-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Williams Ledger, c. 1839-1840, Ms2023-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Williams Ledger was completed in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Williams Ledger was completed in June 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_00a33176ea9499cfb6d4465b895e93a0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4101.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Williams, Samuel, Ledger","title_ssm":["Samuel Williams Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Williams Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1839-1840"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1839-1840"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839/1840"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840"],"text":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840","Ms.2023.055","/repositories/2/resources/4101","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","The collection is open for research.","The creator of the ledger is probably Samuel Williams (1769-1840), a Virginian enslaver in Wythe and Smyth counties. Williams married Sarah \"Sally\" Buster (c. 1776-1836) on September 25, 1795, in Wythe County, and together they had ten children. The 1830 U. S. Federal Census indicates Williams enslaved 13 persons and the 1840 census lists 11 enslaved people, including 6 under 10 years old. The ledger includes the names of 18 enslaved men, women, and children.","External Sources:","Dealer's description","U.S. Federal Census, 1830-1840","\"Samuel Williams\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams, accessed March 14, 2024.","\"Samuel Williams\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214, accessed March 14, 2024.","The guide to the Samuel Williams Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Williams Ledger was completed in June 2023.","The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840","The material in this collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Williams Ledger, 1839/1840"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.055","/repositories/2/resources/4101"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.055","/repositories/2/resources/4101"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Samuel Williams Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in February 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creator of the ledger is probably Samuel Williams (1769-1840), a Virginian enslaver in Wythe and Smyth counties. Williams married Sarah \"Sally\" Buster (c. 1776-1836) on September 25, 1795, in Wythe County, and together they had ten children. The 1830 U. S. Federal Census indicates Williams enslaved 13 persons and the 1840 census lists 11 enslaved people, including 6 under 10 years old. The ledger includes the names of 18 enslaved men, women, and children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDealer's description\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Federal Census, 1830-1840\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Samuel Williams\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 14, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Samuel Williams\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 14, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creator of the ledger is probably Samuel Williams (1769-1840), a Virginian enslaver in Wythe and Smyth counties. Williams married Sarah \"Sally\" Buster (c. 1776-1836) on September 25, 1795, in Wythe County, and together they had ten children. The 1830 U. S. Federal Census indicates Williams enslaved 13 persons and the 1840 census lists 11 enslaved people, including 6 under 10 years old. The ledger includes the names of 18 enslaved men, women, and children.","External Sources:","Dealer's description","U.S. Federal Census, 1830-1840","\"Samuel Williams\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/219008167/samuel-williams, accessed March 14, 2024.","\"Samuel Williams\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3800030:60214, accessed March 14, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Samuel Williams Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Samuel Williams Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Williams Ledger, c. 1839-1840, Ms2023-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Williams Ledger, c. 1839-1840, Ms2023-055, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Williams Ledger was completed in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Williams Ledger was completed in June 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_00a33176ea9499cfb6d4465b895e93a0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel Williams Ledger contains a \"Memorandum of the amount Paid to Each of my Children Toward Their Legacies\" with accompanying pages identifying ten children by name along with associated inheritance. The names of 18 men, women, and children enslaved by Williams are listed as well as property such as horses, cows, beds, and land."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Williams, Samuel, 1769-1840"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4101"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_6_resources_119","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Site., 2018","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_6_resources_119#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Harris, Lyall F.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_6_resources_119#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\"What happened, reader, where you are? What happens there today? asks the artists' book Site. Inspired by her discovery of a slave auction block on the first morning in her new town of Charlottesville, VA, Lyall Harris grapples with US history in a project where content is revealed and supported through its material components. 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What happens there today? asks the artists' book Site. Inspired by her discovery of a slave auction block on the first morning in her new town of Charlottesville, VA, Lyall Harris grapples with US history in a project where content is revealed and supported through its material components. With assistance from papermaker Dieu Donné, Harris created a watermark broadside, the key component of an artists' book that both points to the past and brings the reader into an awareness of present\"--Vamp \u0026 Tramp, Booksellers website.","Rare Book Room copy is 7 of 50. Title from cover. Imprint from colophon. \"With custom-made papers from Dieu Donné and gratitute to Tatiana Ginsberg, Site was printed and assembled in Charlottesville, VA, in 2018 in an edition of [50]. Any artist's proceeds from sales will be donated to the Jefferson School African American Heritage Center in Charlottesville\"--Colophon.\r\n\r\nLetterpress printed on handmade papers from Dieu Donné. 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What happens there today? asks the artists' book Site. Inspired by her discovery of a slave auction block on the first morning in her new town of Charlottesville, VA, Lyall Harris grapples with US history in a project where content is revealed and supported through its material components. With assistance from papermaker Dieu Donné, Harris created a watermark broadside, the key component of an artists' book that both points to the past and brings the reader into an awareness of present\"--Vamp \u0026amp; Tramp, Booksellers website.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["\"What happened, reader, where you are? What happens there today? asks the artists' book Site. Inspired by her discovery of a slave auction block on the first morning in her new town of Charlottesville, VA, Lyall Harris grapples with US history in a project where content is revealed and supported through its material components. With assistance from papermaker Dieu Donné, Harris created a watermark broadside, the key component of an artists' book that both points to the past and brings the reader into an awareness of present\"--Vamp \u0026 Tramp, Booksellers website."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_519bb0506838d81dc9ba56470918f8a7\"\u003eRare Book Room copy is 7 of 50. Title from cover. Imprint from colophon. \"With custom-made papers from Dieu Donné and gratitute to Tatiana Ginsberg, Site was printed and assembled in Charlottesville, VA, in 2018 in an edition of [50]. Any artist's proceeds from sales will be donated to the Jefferson School African American Heritage Center in Charlottesville\"--Colophon.\u0026#13;\n\u0026#13;\nLetterpress printed on handmade papers from Dieu Donné. Stiff cover with title, tipped-in, folded broadside with watermark: Slave auction block, on this site slaves were bought and sold.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["Rare Book Room copy is 7 of 50. Title from cover. Imprint from colophon. \"With custom-made papers from Dieu Donné and gratitute to Tatiana Ginsberg, Site was printed and assembled in Charlottesville, VA, in 2018 in an edition of [50]. Any artist's proceeds from sales will be donated to the Jefferson School African American Heritage Center in Charlottesville\"--Colophon.\r\n\r\nLetterpress printed on handmade papers from Dieu Donné. Stiff cover with title, tipped-in, folded broadside with watermark: Slave auction block, on this site slaves were bought and sold."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond Book Arts Studio"],"persname_ssim":["Harris, Lyall F."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond Book Arts Studio","Harris, Lyall F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_6_resources_119","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_6_resources_119","_root_":"viur_repositories_6_resources_119","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_6_resources_119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_6_resources_119.xml","title_ssm":["Site."],"title_tesim":["Site."],"unitdate_ssm":["2018"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Site., 2018"],"text":["Site., 2018","BA-60","/repositories/6/resources/119","United States","Virginia -- Charlottesville","Slavery","Slavery -- United States","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","Artists' Books","In memory of Christine McGeorge McClintic, treasurer of the RFI/WCR Alumnae 1930-1977.","\"What happened, reader, where you are? 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What happens there today? asks the artists' book Site. Inspired by her discovery of a slave auction block on the first morning in her new town of Charlottesville, VA, Lyall Harris grapples with US history in a project where content is revealed and supported through its material components. With assistance from papermaker Dieu Donné, Harris created a watermark broadside, the key component of an artists' book that both points to the past and brings the reader into an awareness of present\"--Vamp \u0026amp; Tramp, Booksellers website.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["\"What happened, reader, where you are? What happens there today? asks the artists' book Site. Inspired by her discovery of a slave auction block on the first morning in her new town of Charlottesville, VA, Lyall Harris grapples with US history in a project where content is revealed and supported through its material components. With assistance from papermaker Dieu Donné, Harris created a watermark broadside, the key component of an artists' book that both points to the past and brings the reader into an awareness of present\"--Vamp \u0026 Tramp, Booksellers website."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_519bb0506838d81dc9ba56470918f8a7\"\u003eRare Book Room copy is 7 of 50. Title from cover. Imprint from colophon. \"With custom-made papers from Dieu Donné and gratitute to Tatiana Ginsberg, Site was printed and assembled in Charlottesville, VA, in 2018 in an edition of [50]. Any artist's proceeds from sales will be donated to the Jefferson School African American Heritage Center in Charlottesville\"--Colophon.\u0026#13;\n\u0026#13;\nLetterpress printed on handmade papers from Dieu Donné. Stiff cover with title, tipped-in, folded broadside with watermark: Slave auction block, on this site slaves were bought and sold.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["Rare Book Room copy is 7 of 50. Title from cover. Imprint from colophon. \"With custom-made papers from Dieu Donné and gratitute to Tatiana Ginsberg, Site was printed and assembled in Charlottesville, VA, in 2018 in an edition of [50]. Any artist's proceeds from sales will be donated to the Jefferson School African American Heritage Center in Charlottesville\"--Colophon.\r\n\r\nLetterpress printed on handmade papers from Dieu Donné. Stiff cover with title, tipped-in, folded broadside with watermark: Slave auction block, on this site slaves were bought and sold."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond Book Arts Studio"],"persname_ssim":["Harris, Lyall F."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond Book Arts Studio","Harris, Lyall F."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_6_resources_119"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4076.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Dickerson, Thomas,  Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1805-1850"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1805/1850"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850"],"text":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850","Ms.2023.031","/repositories/2/resources/4076","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812.","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288, accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/, accessed 5/31/2023.","The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.","This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","The material in this collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.031","/repositories/2/resources/4076"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.031","/repositories/2/resources/4076"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Dickerson Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in September 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. 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Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\"\u003ehttp://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812.","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288, accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/, accessed 5/31/2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79d0c758d66f5f4e400bc1729f760680\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4076.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Dickerson, Thomas,  Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1805-1850"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1805/1850"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850"],"text":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850","Ms.2023.031","/repositories/2/resources/4076","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812.","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288, accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/, accessed 5/31/2023.","The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.","This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","The material in this collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805/1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.031","/repositories/2/resources/4076"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.031","/repositories/2/resources/4076"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Dickerson Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in September 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","African Americans -- History","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\"\u003ehttp://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026amp;db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026amp;h=15402288\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed 5/31/2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Dickerson (also known as Dickinson or Dickenson) was a plantation owner from Nottoway County, Virginia who enslaved 139 people by 1860. The 1850 U. S. Federal Census lists him as Thomas Dickenson, owning a residence and two plantations, known as 'Belgrove' and 'Turkey island'. In his ledger kept from 1805-1850, Thomas Dickerson lists the events and transactions regarding enslaved persons. A noteable name mentioned in Dickerson's ledger is Dr. James Jones (1772-1848), a U. S. Representative from Virginia who also served as the Surgeon General for Virginia during the War of 1812.","External sources:","\"Thomas Dickemons\", ancestry.com, http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1\u0026db=1850usfedcenancestry\u0026h=15402288, accessed 5/31/2023.","\"Mountain Hall\", Virginia Department of Historic Resources, https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/067-0031/, accessed 5/31/2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Dickerson Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Dickerson Ledger, 1805-1850, Ms2023-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Dickerson Ledger was completed in May 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a ledger of plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), owner of several plantations in Nottoway County, Va. Kept between 1805 and 1850, the ledger includes notes and business transactions. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_79d0c758d66f5f4e400bc1729f760680\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This ledger includes notes and business transactions of the plantation owner Thomas Dickerson (also Dickenson and Dickinson), of Nottoway County, Virginia. The plantations grew tobacco, wheat, and corn. Entries include sale of these goods, purchase of others, purchase of medical services for enslaved persons, and cash loans."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Dickerson, Thomas (Nottoway County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4076"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1881"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1881"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881"],"text":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881","Ms.2024.093","/repositories/2/resources/4320","Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883.","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952).","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall. Franklin County, Virginia, a history, p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History, p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], The Times Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548, accessed October 29, 2024.","The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people.","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400.","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871.","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","The material in this collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.093","/repositories/2/resources/4320"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.093","/repositories/2/resources/4320"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in November 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Links:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1850-1900.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWingfield, Marshall. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, a history,\u003c/title\u003e p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,\u003c/title\u003e p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Times Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883.","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952).","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall. Franklin County, Virginia, a history, p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History, p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], The Times Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548, accessed October 29, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people.","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400.","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871.","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3efe15902e23389631e2c75e28b5063a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1881"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1881"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881"],"text":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881","Ms.2024.093","/repositories/2/resources/4320","Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883.","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952).","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall. Franklin County, Virginia, a history, p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History, p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], The Times Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548, accessed October 29, 2024.","The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people.","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400.","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871.","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","The material in this collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853/1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.093","/repositories/2/resources/4320"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.093","/repositories/2/resources/4320"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in November 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Links:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1850-1900.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWingfield, Marshall. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, a history,\u003c/title\u003e p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,\u003c/title\u003e p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Times Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883.","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952).","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall. Franklin County, Virginia, a history, p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History, p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], The Times Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], Richmond Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555, accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548, accessed October 29, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people.","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400.","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871.","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3efe15902e23389631e2c75e28b5063a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Central Railroad Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2993.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1857"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1857"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855/1857"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857"],"text":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857","Ms.2015.043","Railroad","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged by material type.","The Virginia Central Railroad Company started as the Louisa Railroad Company. Formed in 1836, the Louisa Railroad Company built several railroad lines in south and central Virginia. In 1850, the company name was changed to the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The company's trains and tracks became vital to the Confederacy during the Civil War, transporting men and supplies throughout Virginia. Most of the rail lines belonging to the Virginia Central Railroad Company were destroyed by order of Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Phillip Sheridan. Although heavily damaged at the end of the Civil War, the railroad was rebuilt and fully operational by the end of 1865. The Virginia Central Railroad Company merged with the Covington and Ohio Railroad in 1868 to form the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was completed in July 2015.","This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends. The receipt is a check-sized form made out to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay. The receipt promises to pay Mrs. Lindsay $175 in exchange for the enslavement of Isaac to the railroad for the year 1856. The document also states that money is to be paid after the first day of January 1857 and that the railroad must return Isaac with a hat and blanket and be well clothed. The receipt is signed by E. Fontaine, president of the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The back of the document bares the signature of Lindsay and states that the sum was paid out on January 15, 1857.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.043"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.043"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Central Railroad Company started as the Louisa Railroad Company. Formed in 1836, the Louisa Railroad Company built several railroad lines in south and central Virginia. In 1850, the company name was changed to the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The company's trains and tracks became vital to the Confederacy during the Civil War, transporting men and supplies throughout Virginia. Most of the rail lines belonging to the Virginia Central Railroad Company were destroyed by order of Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Phillip Sheridan. Although heavily damaged at the end of the Civil War, the railroad was rebuilt and fully operational by the end of 1865. The Virginia Central Railroad Company merged with the Covington and Ohio Railroad in 1868 to form the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Central Railroad Company started as the Louisa Railroad Company. Formed in 1836, the Louisa Railroad Company built several railroad lines in south and central Virginia. In 1850, the company name was changed to the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The company's trains and tracks became vital to the Confederacy during the Civil War, transporting men and supplies throughout Virginia. Most of the rail lines belonging to the Virginia Central Railroad Company were destroyed by order of Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Phillip Sheridan. Although heavily damaged at the end of the Civil War, the railroad was rebuilt and fully operational by the end of 1865. The Virginia Central Railroad Company merged with the Covington and Ohio Railroad in 1868 to form the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt, 1855-1857, Ms2015-043, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt, 1855-1857, Ms2015-043, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends. The receipt is a check-sized form made out to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay. The receipt promises to pay Mrs. Lindsay $175 in exchange for the enslavement of Isaac to the railroad for the year 1856. The document also states that money is to be paid after the first day of January 1857 and that the railroad must return Isaac with a hat and blanket and be \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003ewell clothed\u003c/emph\u003e. The receipt is signed by E. Fontaine, president of the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The back of the document bares the signature of Lindsay and states that the sum was paid out on January 15, 1857.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends. The receipt is a check-sized form made out to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay. The receipt promises to pay Mrs. Lindsay $175 in exchange for the enslavement of Isaac to the railroad for the year 1856. The document also states that money is to be paid after the first day of January 1857 and that the railroad must return Isaac with a hat and blanket and be well clothed. The receipt is signed by E. Fontaine, president of the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The back of the document bares the signature of Lindsay and states that the sum was paid out on January 15, 1857."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1644ddb1845d1b8cb6e6efdc1fe2e006\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:47:53.929Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2993.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1857"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1857"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855/1857"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857"],"text":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857","Ms.2015.043","Railroad","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged by material type.","The Virginia Central Railroad Company started as the Louisa Railroad Company. Formed in 1836, the Louisa Railroad Company built several railroad lines in south and central Virginia. In 1850, the company name was changed to the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The company's trains and tracks became vital to the Confederacy during the Civil War, transporting men and supplies throughout Virginia. Most of the rail lines belonging to the Virginia Central Railroad Company were destroyed by order of Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Phillip Sheridan. Although heavily damaged at the end of the Civil War, the railroad was rebuilt and fully operational by the end of 1865. The Virginia Central Railroad Company merged with the Covington and Ohio Railroad in 1868 to form the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was completed in July 2015.","This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends. The receipt is a check-sized form made out to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay. The receipt promises to pay Mrs. Lindsay $175 in exchange for the enslavement of Isaac to the railroad for the year 1856. The document also states that money is to be paid after the first day of January 1857 and that the railroad must return Isaac with a hat and blanket and be well clothed. The receipt is signed by E. Fontaine, president of the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The back of the document bares the signature of Lindsay and states that the sum was paid out on January 15, 1857.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt,, 1855/1857"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.043"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.043"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Central Railroad Company started as the Louisa Railroad Company. Formed in 1836, the Louisa Railroad Company built several railroad lines in south and central Virginia. In 1850, the company name was changed to the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The company's trains and tracks became vital to the Confederacy during the Civil War, transporting men and supplies throughout Virginia. Most of the rail lines belonging to the Virginia Central Railroad Company were destroyed by order of Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Phillip Sheridan. Although heavily damaged at the end of the Civil War, the railroad was rebuilt and fully operational by the end of 1865. The Virginia Central Railroad Company merged with the Covington and Ohio Railroad in 1868 to form the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Central Railroad Company started as the Louisa Railroad Company. Formed in 1836, the Louisa Railroad Company built several railroad lines in south and central Virginia. In 1850, the company name was changed to the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The company's trains and tracks became vital to the Confederacy during the Civil War, transporting men and supplies throughout Virginia. Most of the rail lines belonging to the Virginia Central Railroad Company were destroyed by order of Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Phillip Sheridan. Although heavily damaged at the end of the Civil War, the railroad was rebuilt and fully operational by the end of 1865. The Virginia Central Railroad Company merged with the Covington and Ohio Railroad in 1868 to form the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt, 1855-1857, Ms2015-043, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt, 1855-1857, Ms2015-043, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Central Railroad Company Rental Receipt was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends. The receipt is a check-sized form made out to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay. The receipt promises to pay Mrs. Lindsay $175 in exchange for the enslavement of Isaac to the railroad for the year 1856. The document also states that money is to be paid after the first day of January 1857 and that the railroad must return Isaac with a hat and blanket and be \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003ewell clothed\u003c/emph\u003e. The receipt is signed by E. Fontaine, president of the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The back of the document bares the signature of Lindsay and states that the sum was paid out on January 15, 1857.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends. The receipt is a check-sized form made out to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay. The receipt promises to pay Mrs. Lindsay $175 in exchange for the enslavement of Isaac to the railroad for the year 1856. The document also states that money is to be paid after the first day of January 1857 and that the railroad must return Isaac with a hat and blanket and be well clothed. The receipt is signed by E. Fontaine, president of the Virginia Central Railroad Company. The back of the document bares the signature of Lindsay and states that the sum was paid out on January 15, 1857."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.\nReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and\nUniversity Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need\nassistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1644ddb1845d1b8cb6e6efdc1fe2e006\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains a rental receipt for the labor of Isaac, an enslaved man. The receipt was issued by the Virginia Central Railroad Company in 1855 to Mrs. Elisabeth S. Lindsay and promises a payment of $175 to Lindsay after the one year rental period ends."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Central Railroad Company"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:47:53.929Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2993"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2972.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,"],"title_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1859-1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1859-1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861"],"text":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861","Ms.2015.022","Slavery -- United States","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Collection is open for research.","The Collection is arranged by type of material.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was completed in July 2015.","This collections contains eight versions of Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233. The bills have been cut or torn from other sources and relate to the rights of free African-Americans within the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Permission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.022"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.022"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was purchased by Special Collections in 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- United States","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- United States","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Collection is arranged by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Collection is arranged by type of material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233, Ms2015-022, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233, Ms2015-022, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections contains eight versions of Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233. The bills have been cut or torn from other sources and relate to the rights of free African-Americans within the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collections contains eight versions of Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233. The bills have been cut or torn from other sources and relate to the rights of free African-Americans within the Commonwealth of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b0133c607391945320760232a4d49f7e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eVirginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:47:53.929Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2972.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,"],"title_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1859-1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1859-1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861"],"text":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861","Ms.2015.022","Slavery -- United States","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Collection is open for research.","The Collection is arranged by type of material.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was completed in July 2015.","This collections contains eight versions of Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233. The bills have been cut or torn from other sources and relate to the rights of free African-Americans within the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Permission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233,, 1859/1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.022"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.022"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was purchased by Special Collections in 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- United States","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- United States","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Collection is arranged by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Collection is arranged by type of material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233, Ms2015-022, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233, Ms2015-022, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections contains eight versions of Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233. The bills have been cut or torn from other sources and relate to the rights of free African-Americans within the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collections contains eight versions of Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233. The bills have been cut or torn from other sources and relate to the rights of free African-Americans within the Commonwealth of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b0133c607391945320760232a4d49f7e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eVirginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly Bill No. 233 contains several amended versions of Bill No. 233. Each of the bills lists the rights and privileges given to free African-Americans living with in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The bill also discusses the process by which a free person can be sold into slavery if they have been convicted of a crime."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:47:53.929Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2972"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3858.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865"],"text":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865","Ms.2022.038","/repositories/2/resources/3858","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records)","The collection is open for research.","The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.","This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.038","/repositories/2/resources/3858"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.038","/repositories/2/resources/3858"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2122422fd322e26241538fd72db9defe\"\u003eThis collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:49:11.469Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3858.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons","title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865"],"text":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865","Ms.2022.038","/repositories/2/resources/3858","African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records)","The collection is open for research.","The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.","This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","The materials in this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, 1823/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.038","/repositories/2/resources/3858"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.038","/repositories/2/resources/3858"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","Virginia -- History","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons, Ms2022-038, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Virginia Receipts for Enslaved Persons was completed in August 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes receipts for taxes paid to Albemarle County, Nelson County, Greenbrier County, and Augustus County, ranging from 1839 to 1861. Some tax receipts include an amount of enslaved people being taxed. Also included are hand-written receipts involving enslaved people, including a receipt for a Black boy named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2122422fd322e26241538fd72db9defe\"\u003eThis collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains nineteenth century financial documents, including tax records for various Virginia residents. Also included are several hand-written receipts mentioning the sale or labor of enslaved people, including a Black child named Peter and a Black man named Bob."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Peter (enslaved person)","Bob (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:49:11.469Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3858"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4540.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wharton and Radford Families Papers","title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1783-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1783-1906"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1783/1906"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"text":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906","Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540","Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\n\nSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.","The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd.","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause.","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.","The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.","Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \n\nSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   \n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. \n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. \n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Materials in this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated in April 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II. Financial and Legal Materials, 1783-1865. \n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries III. Military, 1861-1902.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries IV: Family Papers, 1822-1906.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\n\nSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd.","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause.","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.  \u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II. Financial and Legal Materials, 1783-1865. This series is made up of financial and legal documents, including tax documents, receipts, promissory notes, land grants, an arrest warrant, communication with the Treasury Department of the Confederate States, and a pardon request. ","\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e    \nSeries III. Military Documents, 1861-1902. This series includes materials related to the military aspects of the American Civil War. These materials largely relate to the service of Gabriel C. Wharton during his time in the Confederate Army. In addition to orders, roll calls, enlistment records, and passes, this series contains hand-drawn maps of relevant areas and post-war oaths of allegiance to the United States of America.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e    \nSeries IV: Family Papers, 1822-1906. Due to the blended nature of the materials and their origins, this series is not restricted to one family, rather, it contains material from all families represented in the collection. Documents not contained in a subseries include a hand-drawn map of the geology of the Ramapo mountain region in New York and New Jersey as well as GCW's pocket diary from February to August of 1863. \n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \n\nSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   \n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. \n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. \n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e618e9a9170b925d5ffa8d5c7635be0b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1313,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4540.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wharton and Radford Families Papers","title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1783-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1783-1906"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1783/1906"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"text":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906","Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540","Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\n\nSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.","The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd.","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause.","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.","The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.","Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \n\nSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   \n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. \n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. \n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Materials in this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783/1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated in April 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II. Financial and Legal Materials, 1783-1865. \n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries III. Military, 1861-1902.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries IV: Family Papers, 1822-1906.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\n\nSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd.","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause.","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.  \u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II. Financial and Legal Materials, 1783-1865. This series is made up of financial and legal documents, including tax documents, receipts, promissory notes, land grants, an arrest warrant, communication with the Treasury Department of the Confederate States, and a pardon request. ","\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e    \nSeries III. Military Documents, 1861-1902. This series includes materials related to the military aspects of the American Civil War. These materials largely relate to the service of Gabriel C. Wharton during his time in the Confederate Army. In addition to orders, roll calls, enlistment records, and passes, this series contains hand-drawn maps of relevant areas and post-war oaths of allegiance to the United States of America.\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e    \nSeries IV: Family Papers, 1822-1906. Due to the blended nature of the materials and their origins, this series is not restricted to one family, rather, it contains material from all families represented in the collection. Documents not contained in a subseries include a hand-drawn map of the geology of the Ramapo mountain region in New York and New Jersey as well as GCW's pocket diary from February to August of 1863. \n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \n\nSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\n\nSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\n\nSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \n\nSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\n\nSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   \n\nSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\n\nSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\n\nSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\n\nSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\n\nSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\n\nSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. \n\nSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. \n\nSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\n\nSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\n\nSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e618e9a9170b925d5ffa8d5c7635be0b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1313,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:50:43.410Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slavery+--+United+States\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason 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