{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan+County.\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan+County.\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03383","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God. Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known. If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased. Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03383","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03383","_root_":"vi_vi03383","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03383.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904","0007308135","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023.","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.","Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","Powhatan County (Va.) 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(1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904","0007308135","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023.","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.","Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","Powhatan County (Va.) 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(1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:25:47.320Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383"}},{"id":"vi_vi02258","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02258","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02258","_root_":"vi_vi02258","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02258","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02258.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866","1177495, 1188800-1188802","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","There are no restrictions.","In part, photocopies.","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain.","See also:  Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177495, 1188800-1188802"],"unitid_tesim":["1177495, 1188800-1188802"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court records from Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn part, photocopies.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["In part, photocopies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04787.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n        ","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFree negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdditional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:25:16.129Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02258","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02258","_root_":"vi_vi02258","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02258","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02258.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866","1177495, 1188800-1188802","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","There are no restrictions.","In part, photocopies.","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain.","See also:  Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177495, 1188800-1188802"],"unitid_tesim":["1177495, 1188800-1188802"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court records from Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn part, photocopies.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["In part, photocopies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04787.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\n        ","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFree negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAdditional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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Records, 1797-1902","0007551201","African Americans--History.","Immigrants -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Naturalization -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Naturalization records--Virginia--Powhatan County.",".35 cu. ft.","There are no restrictions.","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","Additional Powhatan County records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Powhatan County (Va.) Records, 1797-1902, consists of records from the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Overseers of the Poor Records, Tax snd Fiscal Records, and Wills. The documents record names of slaves and free African Americans. Also included are Naturalization Records dated 1902.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Records, 1797-1902"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Records, 1797-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007551201"],"unitid_tesim":["0007551201"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creators_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County records are available at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County records are available at the Library of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Records, 1797-1902, consists of records from the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Overseers of the Poor Records, Tax snd Fiscal Records, and Wills. The documents record names of slaves and free African Americans. Also included are Naturalization Records dated 1902. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n     "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County records are available at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County records are available at the Library of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Records, 1797-1902, consists of records from the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Overseers of the Poor Records, Tax snd Fiscal Records, and Wills. The documents record names of slaves and free African Americans. Also included are Naturalization Records dated 1902. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n     "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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