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Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_653#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_653#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_653#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_653.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107324","title_ssm":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992"],"text":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992","MSS.97.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/653","Memorabilia","Scrapbooks","photographs","Arthur J. Morris was born in North Carolina in 1881, but grew up in Norfolk, Virginia.  His father, a strict Presbyterian, ran a general store for farmers.  At sixteen, Arthur suffered an Achilles tendon injury during football practice and spent the next 29 months in a wheelchair, despite numerous operations on his heel.  Through much trial and error, he invented a brace that enabled him to walk. In the fall of 1898 Morris entered the University of Virginia, where he studied English literature, moral philosophy, and economics.  Having done previous work at a preparatory school, he received his B.A. in June 1899.  That school year, he was awarded a handsome gold medal for his debating skills and the Phi Beta Kappa key for academic excellence.","For the next two years, he studied law.  In his final year at the University, his father paid an unannounced visit to Charlottesville and caught his son playing poker. His father withdrew further financial assistance for the young man's education.  Morris found odd jobs in order to stay in school, until his mother stepped in and agreed to support him through his law graduation in June 1901.  He returned to his hometown to begin practicing law.","Early in his career, Morris encountered a number of clients who lacked the collateral they needed to borrow money from banks. If these wage earners could not borrow from family members, they were at the mercy of pawnbrokers or loan sharks. Morris, a firm believer in the solid character and dignity of the working class, loaned his own money to these clients. The experience made him cognizant of the need for a lending institution for middle and lower income workers.  He applied to the Virginia Corporation Commission for a charter for such a bank, and received the following reply from its chairman, Judge Robert R. Prentiss:","Dear Arthur: I have carefully considered your application for a charter for your hybrid and mongrel institution.  Frankly, I don't know what it is.  It isn't a savings bank; it isn't a state or national bank; it isn't a charity. It isn't anything I ever heard of before.  Its principles seem sound, however, and its purpose admirable.  But the real reason that I am going to grant a charter is because I believe in you.","On April 1, 1910, with $20,000 of his own and a few associates' funds, Morris opened the Morris Plan Bank.  Soon there were eleven of these banks enabling the average American, with the \"collateral\" of earning power and good character, to borrow in order to buy a house, finance a car, or carry the family through a catastrophic illness.  Morris found that there were few defaults because most borrowers were thrifty and eager to be debt-free.","It took some effort to convince the big financiers in New York to allow the Morris Plan to go nationwide.  Morris later recalled the arguments he employed:","\"I told them simply that America's strength was in mass production and the only way to insure mass production was mass consumption.  And, like night follows day, we can't have mass consumption without mass credit.  And, what's more, mass credit guarantees mass employment.  That got them!  The only thing I left out, but since have learned, was that mass credit would create a standard of living among Americans unequaled anywhere in the world.\"","Soon the Morris Plan was adopted by countless other banks.   In 1917, he branched out and established credit life insurance.","In his later years, Morris was frequently honored for his enormous impact on life in twentieth‑century America. His simple idea of installment credit, coupled with his faith in the average citizen, helped to improve the standard of living for millions.  And from the time of his graduation, Morris maintained close ties with his alma mater from which he received many awards of recognition and appreciation. Near the end of his life he gave a generous donation toward the construction of the law library in the new building at North Grounds. The library, bearing his name, opened in 1974, the year after Morris's death.","This collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.","This addition consists of two photographs one of Mr. Morris as a young man and a panoramic photograph of the First Morris Plan Bankers Convention that met in Cleveland, Oh. in October 14-16, 1919, the First Check of the Morris Plan Bank of Norfolk [n.d.] and a framed newspaper article: \"The man that started it all,\"@ Forbes October. 15, 1961.","This addition to the collection was given to the Law Library in December of 2012 by Virginia Huschke, granddaughter of Mr. Morris. It consists of a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.","These files were added to existing box 2, all are in one folder.","This addition to the collection was transferred Law Library in December of 2019  by Denise Forster. It consists of a commemorative silver plate given to Arthur J. Morris by the Morris Plan Bank of Knoxville on January 20th 1941. The tray was given to the Law School foundation by Virginia Huschke, grandaughter of Arthur J. Morris with a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.97.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.97.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Memorabilia"],"geogname_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"places_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"creator_ssm":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"creator_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the Law Library by the Virginia Morris Kincaid Foundation in February of 1997. The addendums were donated by Virginia Morris Huschke, grandaughter of Mr. Morris, in 2012 and 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nArthur J. Morris was born in North Carolina in 1881, but grew up in Norfolk, Virginia.  His father, a strict Presbyterian, ran a general store for farmers.  At sixteen, Arthur suffered an Achilles tendon injury during football practice and spent the next 29 months in a wheelchair, despite numerous operations on his heel.  Through much trial and error, he invented a brace that enabled him to walk. In the fall of 1898 Morris entered the University of Virginia, where he studied English literature, moral philosophy, and economics.  Having done previous work at a preparatory school, he received his B.A. in June 1899.  That school year, he was awarded a handsome gold medal for his debating skills and the Phi Beta Kappa key for academic excellence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the next two years, he studied law.  In his final year at the University, his father paid an unannounced visit to Charlottesville and caught his son playing poker. His father withdrew further financial assistance for the young man's education.  Morris found odd jobs in order to stay in school, until his mother stepped in and agreed to support him through his law graduation in June 1901.  He returned to his hometown to begin practicing law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly in his career, Morris encountered a number of clients who lacked the collateral they needed to borrow money from banks. If these wage earners could not borrow from family members, they were at the mercy of pawnbrokers or loan sharks. Morris, a firm believer in the solid character and dignity of the working class, loaned his own money to these clients. The experience made him cognizant of the need for a lending institution for middle and lower income workers.  He applied to the Virginia Corporation Commission for a charter for such a bank, and received the following reply from its chairman, Judge Robert R. Prentiss:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Arthur: I have carefully considered your application for a charter for your hybrid and mongrel institution.  Frankly, I don't know what it is.  It isn't a savings bank; it isn't a state or national bank; it isn't a charity. It isn't anything I ever heard of before.  Its principles seem sound, however, and its purpose admirable.  But the real reason that I am going to grant a charter is because I believe in you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn April 1, 1910, with $20,000 of his own and a few associates' funds, Morris opened the Morris Plan Bank.  Soon there were eleven of these banks enabling the average American, with the \"collateral\" of earning power and good character, to borrow in order to buy a house, finance a car, or carry the family through a catastrophic illness.  Morris found that there were few defaults because most borrowers were thrifty and eager to be debt-free.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt took some effort to convince the big financiers in New York to allow the Morris Plan to go nationwide.  Morris later recalled the arguments he employed:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"I told them simply that America's strength was in mass production and the only way to insure mass production was mass consumption.  And, like night follows day, we can't have mass consumption without mass credit.  And, what's more, mass credit guarantees mass employment.  That got them!  The only thing I left out, but since have learned, was that mass credit would create a standard of living among Americans unequaled anywhere in the world.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoon the Morris Plan was adopted by countless other banks.   In 1917, he branched out and established credit life insurance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his later years, Morris was frequently honored for his enormous impact on life in twentieth‑century America. His simple idea of installment credit, coupled with his faith in the average citizen, helped to improve the standard of living for millions.  And from the time of his graduation, Morris maintained close ties with his alma mater from which he received many awards of recognition and appreciation. Near the end of his life he gave a generous donation toward the construction of the law library in the new building at North Grounds. The library, bearing his name, opened in 1974, the year after Morris's death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arthur J. Morris was born in North Carolina in 1881, but grew up in Norfolk, Virginia.  His father, a strict Presbyterian, ran a general store for farmers.  At sixteen, Arthur suffered an Achilles tendon injury during football practice and spent the next 29 months in a wheelchair, despite numerous operations on his heel.  Through much trial and error, he invented a brace that enabled him to walk. In the fall of 1898 Morris entered the University of Virginia, where he studied English literature, moral philosophy, and economics.  Having done previous work at a preparatory school, he received his B.A. in June 1899.  That school year, he was awarded a handsome gold medal for his debating skills and the Phi Beta Kappa key for academic excellence.","For the next two years, he studied law.  In his final year at the University, his father paid an unannounced visit to Charlottesville and caught his son playing poker. His father withdrew further financial assistance for the young man's education.  Morris found odd jobs in order to stay in school, until his mother stepped in and agreed to support him through his law graduation in June 1901.  He returned to his hometown to begin practicing law.","Early in his career, Morris encountered a number of clients who lacked the collateral they needed to borrow money from banks. If these wage earners could not borrow from family members, they were at the mercy of pawnbrokers or loan sharks. Morris, a firm believer in the solid character and dignity of the working class, loaned his own money to these clients. The experience made him cognizant of the need for a lending institution for middle and lower income workers.  He applied to the Virginia Corporation Commission for a charter for such a bank, and received the following reply from its chairman, Judge Robert R. Prentiss:","Dear Arthur: I have carefully considered your application for a charter for your hybrid and mongrel institution.  Frankly, I don't know what it is.  It isn't a savings bank; it isn't a state or national bank; it isn't a charity. It isn't anything I ever heard of before.  Its principles seem sound, however, and its purpose admirable.  But the real reason that I am going to grant a charter is because I believe in you.","On April 1, 1910, with $20,000 of his own and a few associates' funds, Morris opened the Morris Plan Bank.  Soon there were eleven of these banks enabling the average American, with the \"collateral\" of earning power and good character, to borrow in order to buy a house, finance a car, or carry the family through a catastrophic illness.  Morris found that there were few defaults because most borrowers were thrifty and eager to be debt-free.","It took some effort to convince the big financiers in New York to allow the Morris Plan to go nationwide.  Morris later recalled the arguments he employed:","\"I told them simply that America's strength was in mass production and the only way to insure mass production was mass consumption.  And, like night follows day, we can't have mass consumption without mass credit.  And, what's more, mass credit guarantees mass employment.  That got them!  The only thing I left out, but since have learned, was that mass credit would create a standard of living among Americans unequaled anywhere in the world.\"","Soon the Morris Plan was adopted by countless other banks.   In 1917, he branched out and established credit life insurance.","In his later years, Morris was frequently honored for his enormous impact on life in twentieth‑century America. His simple idea of installment credit, coupled with his faith in the average citizen, helped to improve the standard of living for millions.  And from the time of his graduation, Morris maintained close ties with his alma mater from which he received many awards of recognition and appreciation. Near the end of his life he gave a generous donation toward the construction of the law library in the new building at North Grounds. The library, bearing his name, opened in 1974, the year after Morris's death."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis addition consists of two photographs one of Mr. Morris as a young man and a panoramic photograph of the First Morris Plan Bankers Convention that met in Cleveland, Oh. in October 14-16, 1919, the First Check of the Morris Plan Bank of Norfolk [n.d.] and a framed newspaper article: \"The man that started it all,\"@ Forbes October. 15, 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection was given to the Law Library in December of 2012 by Virginia Huschke, granddaughter of Mr. Morris. It consists of a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files were added to existing box 2, all are in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection was transferred Law Library in December of 2019  by Denise Forster. It consists of a commemorative silver plate given to Arthur J. Morris by the Morris Plan Bank of Knoxville on January 20th 1941. The tray was given to the Law School foundation by Virginia Huschke, grandaughter of Arthur J. Morris with a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.","This addition consists of two photographs one of Mr. Morris as a young man and a panoramic photograph of the First Morris Plan Bankers Convention that met in Cleveland, Oh. in October 14-16, 1919, the First Check of the Morris Plan Bank of Norfolk [n.d.] and a framed newspaper article: \"The man that started it all,\"@ Forbes October. 15, 1961.","This addition to the collection was given to the Law Library in December of 2012 by Virginia Huschke, granddaughter of Mr. Morris. It consists of a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.","These files were added to existing box 2, all are in one folder.","This addition to the collection was transferred Law Library in December of 2019  by Denise Forster. It consists of a commemorative silver plate given to Arthur J. Morris by the Morris Plan Bank of Knoxville on January 20th 1941. The tray was given to the Law School foundation by Virginia Huschke, grandaughter of Arthur J. Morris with a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":48,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-08T00:01:12.613Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_653.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107324","title_ssm":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992"],"text":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992","MSS.97.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/653","Memorabilia","Scrapbooks","photographs","Arthur J. Morris was born in North Carolina in 1881, but grew up in Norfolk, Virginia.  His father, a strict Presbyterian, ran a general store for farmers.  At sixteen, Arthur suffered an Achilles tendon injury during football practice and spent the next 29 months in a wheelchair, despite numerous operations on his heel.  Through much trial and error, he invented a brace that enabled him to walk. In the fall of 1898 Morris entered the University of Virginia, where he studied English literature, moral philosophy, and economics.  Having done previous work at a preparatory school, he received his B.A. in June 1899.  That school year, he was awarded a handsome gold medal for his debating skills and the Phi Beta Kappa key for academic excellence.","For the next two years, he studied law.  In his final year at the University, his father paid an unannounced visit to Charlottesville and caught his son playing poker. His father withdrew further financial assistance for the young man's education.  Morris found odd jobs in order to stay in school, until his mother stepped in and agreed to support him through his law graduation in June 1901.  He returned to his hometown to begin practicing law.","Early in his career, Morris encountered a number of clients who lacked the collateral they needed to borrow money from banks. If these wage earners could not borrow from family members, they were at the mercy of pawnbrokers or loan sharks. Morris, a firm believer in the solid character and dignity of the working class, loaned his own money to these clients. The experience made him cognizant of the need for a lending institution for middle and lower income workers.  He applied to the Virginia Corporation Commission for a charter for such a bank, and received the following reply from its chairman, Judge Robert R. Prentiss:","Dear Arthur: I have carefully considered your application for a charter for your hybrid and mongrel institution.  Frankly, I don't know what it is.  It isn't a savings bank; it isn't a state or national bank; it isn't a charity. It isn't anything I ever heard of before.  Its principles seem sound, however, and its purpose admirable.  But the real reason that I am going to grant a charter is because I believe in you.","On April 1, 1910, with $20,000 of his own and a few associates' funds, Morris opened the Morris Plan Bank.  Soon there were eleven of these banks enabling the average American, with the \"collateral\" of earning power and good character, to borrow in order to buy a house, finance a car, or carry the family through a catastrophic illness.  Morris found that there were few defaults because most borrowers were thrifty and eager to be debt-free.","It took some effort to convince the big financiers in New York to allow the Morris Plan to go nationwide.  Morris later recalled the arguments he employed:","\"I told them simply that America's strength was in mass production and the only way to insure mass production was mass consumption.  And, like night follows day, we can't have mass consumption without mass credit.  And, what's more, mass credit guarantees mass employment.  That got them!  The only thing I left out, but since have learned, was that mass credit would create a standard of living among Americans unequaled anywhere in the world.\"","Soon the Morris Plan was adopted by countless other banks.   In 1917, he branched out and established credit life insurance.","In his later years, Morris was frequently honored for his enormous impact on life in twentieth‑century America. His simple idea of installment credit, coupled with his faith in the average citizen, helped to improve the standard of living for millions.  And from the time of his graduation, Morris maintained close ties with his alma mater from which he received many awards of recognition and appreciation. Near the end of his life he gave a generous donation toward the construction of the law library in the new building at North Grounds. The library, bearing his name, opened in 1974, the year after Morris's death.","This collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.","This addition consists of two photographs one of Mr. Morris as a young man and a panoramic photograph of the First Morris Plan Bankers Convention that met in Cleveland, Oh. in October 14-16, 1919, the First Check of the Morris Plan Bank of Norfolk [n.d.] and a framed newspaper article: \"The man that started it all,\"@ Forbes October. 15, 1961.","This addition to the collection was given to the Law Library in December of 2012 by Virginia Huschke, granddaughter of Mr. Morris. It consists of a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.","These files were added to existing box 2, all are in one folder.","This addition to the collection was transferred Law Library in December of 2019  by Denise Forster. It consists of a commemorative silver plate given to Arthur J. Morris by the Morris Plan Bank of Knoxville on January 20th 1941. The tray was given to the Law School foundation by Virginia Huschke, grandaughter of Arthur J. Morris with a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris memorabilia, 1884/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.97.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.97.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Memorabilia"],"geogname_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"places_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"creator_ssm":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"creator_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the Law Library by the Virginia Morris Kincaid Foundation in February of 1997. The addendums were donated by Virginia Morris Huschke, grandaughter of Mr. Morris, in 2012 and 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nArthur J. Morris was born in North Carolina in 1881, but grew up in Norfolk, Virginia.  His father, a strict Presbyterian, ran a general store for farmers.  At sixteen, Arthur suffered an Achilles tendon injury during football practice and spent the next 29 months in a wheelchair, despite numerous operations on his heel.  Through much trial and error, he invented a brace that enabled him to walk. In the fall of 1898 Morris entered the University of Virginia, where he studied English literature, moral philosophy, and economics.  Having done previous work at a preparatory school, he received his B.A. in June 1899.  That school year, he was awarded a handsome gold medal for his debating skills and the Phi Beta Kappa key for academic excellence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the next two years, he studied law.  In his final year at the University, his father paid an unannounced visit to Charlottesville and caught his son playing poker. His father withdrew further financial assistance for the young man's education.  Morris found odd jobs in order to stay in school, until his mother stepped in and agreed to support him through his law graduation in June 1901.  He returned to his hometown to begin practicing law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly in his career, Morris encountered a number of clients who lacked the collateral they needed to borrow money from banks. If these wage earners could not borrow from family members, they were at the mercy of pawnbrokers or loan sharks. Morris, a firm believer in the solid character and dignity of the working class, loaned his own money to these clients. The experience made him cognizant of the need for a lending institution for middle and lower income workers.  He applied to the Virginia Corporation Commission for a charter for such a bank, and received the following reply from its chairman, Judge Robert R. Prentiss:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Arthur: I have carefully considered your application for a charter for your hybrid and mongrel institution.  Frankly, I don't know what it is.  It isn't a savings bank; it isn't a state or national bank; it isn't a charity. It isn't anything I ever heard of before.  Its principles seem sound, however, and its purpose admirable.  But the real reason that I am going to grant a charter is because I believe in you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn April 1, 1910, with $20,000 of his own and a few associates' funds, Morris opened the Morris Plan Bank.  Soon there were eleven of these banks enabling the average American, with the \"collateral\" of earning power and good character, to borrow in order to buy a house, finance a car, or carry the family through a catastrophic illness.  Morris found that there were few defaults because most borrowers were thrifty and eager to be debt-free.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt took some effort to convince the big financiers in New York to allow the Morris Plan to go nationwide.  Morris later recalled the arguments he employed:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"I told them simply that America's strength was in mass production and the only way to insure mass production was mass consumption.  And, like night follows day, we can't have mass consumption without mass credit.  And, what's more, mass credit guarantees mass employment.  That got them!  The only thing I left out, but since have learned, was that mass credit would create a standard of living among Americans unequaled anywhere in the world.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoon the Morris Plan was adopted by countless other banks.   In 1917, he branched out and established credit life insurance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his later years, Morris was frequently honored for his enormous impact on life in twentieth‑century America. His simple idea of installment credit, coupled with his faith in the average citizen, helped to improve the standard of living for millions.  And from the time of his graduation, Morris maintained close ties with his alma mater from which he received many awards of recognition and appreciation. Near the end of his life he gave a generous donation toward the construction of the law library in the new building at North Grounds. The library, bearing his name, opened in 1974, the year after Morris's death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arthur J. Morris was born in North Carolina in 1881, but grew up in Norfolk, Virginia.  His father, a strict Presbyterian, ran a general store for farmers.  At sixteen, Arthur suffered an Achilles tendon injury during football practice and spent the next 29 months in a wheelchair, despite numerous operations on his heel.  Through much trial and error, he invented a brace that enabled him to walk. In the fall of 1898 Morris entered the University of Virginia, where he studied English literature, moral philosophy, and economics.  Having done previous work at a preparatory school, he received his B.A. in June 1899.  That school year, he was awarded a handsome gold medal for his debating skills and the Phi Beta Kappa key for academic excellence.","For the next two years, he studied law.  In his final year at the University, his father paid an unannounced visit to Charlottesville and caught his son playing poker. His father withdrew further financial assistance for the young man's education.  Morris found odd jobs in order to stay in school, until his mother stepped in and agreed to support him through his law graduation in June 1901.  He returned to his hometown to begin practicing law.","Early in his career, Morris encountered a number of clients who lacked the collateral they needed to borrow money from banks. If these wage earners could not borrow from family members, they were at the mercy of pawnbrokers or loan sharks. Morris, a firm believer in the solid character and dignity of the working class, loaned his own money to these clients. The experience made him cognizant of the need for a lending institution for middle and lower income workers.  He applied to the Virginia Corporation Commission for a charter for such a bank, and received the following reply from its chairman, Judge Robert R. Prentiss:","Dear Arthur: I have carefully considered your application for a charter for your hybrid and mongrel institution.  Frankly, I don't know what it is.  It isn't a savings bank; it isn't a state or national bank; it isn't a charity. It isn't anything I ever heard of before.  Its principles seem sound, however, and its purpose admirable.  But the real reason that I am going to grant a charter is because I believe in you.","On April 1, 1910, with $20,000 of his own and a few associates' funds, Morris opened the Morris Plan Bank.  Soon there were eleven of these banks enabling the average American, with the \"collateral\" of earning power and good character, to borrow in order to buy a house, finance a car, or carry the family through a catastrophic illness.  Morris found that there were few defaults because most borrowers were thrifty and eager to be debt-free.","It took some effort to convince the big financiers in New York to allow the Morris Plan to go nationwide.  Morris later recalled the arguments he employed:","\"I told them simply that America's strength was in mass production and the only way to insure mass production was mass consumption.  And, like night follows day, we can't have mass consumption without mass credit.  And, what's more, mass credit guarantees mass employment.  That got them!  The only thing I left out, but since have learned, was that mass credit would create a standard of living among Americans unequaled anywhere in the world.\"","Soon the Morris Plan was adopted by countless other banks.   In 1917, he branched out and established credit life insurance.","In his later years, Morris was frequently honored for his enormous impact on life in twentieth‑century America. His simple idea of installment credit, coupled with his faith in the average citizen, helped to improve the standard of living for millions.  And from the time of his graduation, Morris maintained close ties with his alma mater from which he received many awards of recognition and appreciation. Near the end of his life he gave a generous donation toward the construction of the law library in the new building at North Grounds. The library, bearing his name, opened in 1974, the year after Morris's death."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis addition consists of two photographs one of Mr. Morris as a young man and a panoramic photograph of the First Morris Plan Bankers Convention that met in Cleveland, Oh. in October 14-16, 1919, the First Check of the Morris Plan Bank of Norfolk [n.d.] and a framed newspaper article: \"The man that started it all,\"@ Forbes October. 15, 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection was given to the Law Library in December of 2012 by Virginia Huschke, granddaughter of Mr. Morris. It consists of a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files were added to existing box 2, all are in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection was transferred Law Library in December of 2019  by Denise Forster. It consists of a commemorative silver plate given to Arthur J. Morris by the Morris Plan Bank of Knoxville on January 20th 1941. The tray was given to the Law School foundation by Virginia Huschke, grandaughter of Arthur J. Morris with a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains diplomas, certificates, photographs, newspaper clippings, a gold watch and a gold medal, a scrapbook, and many other pieces of memorabilia that belonged to Arthur J. Morris, class of 1901 and a benefactor of the University of Virginia Law Library.","This addition consists of two photographs one of Mr. Morris as a young man and a panoramic photograph of the First Morris Plan Bankers Convention that met in Cleveland, Oh. in October 14-16, 1919, the First Check of the Morris Plan Bank of Norfolk [n.d.] and a framed newspaper article: \"The man that started it all,\"@ Forbes October. 15, 1961.","This addition to the collection was given to the Law Library in December of 2012 by Virginia Huschke, granddaughter of Mr. Morris. It consists of a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation.","These files were added to existing box 2, all are in one folder.","This addition to the collection was transferred Law Library in December of 2019  by Denise Forster. It consists of a commemorative silver plate given to Arthur J. Morris by the Morris Plan Bank of Knoxville on January 20th 1941. The tray was given to the Law School foundation by Virginia Huschke, grandaughter of Arthur J. Morris with a few pieces of memorabilia and one photograph. The files were given to Special Collections by Elizabeth Leverage, Director of Trusts, Estates, and Gift Planning, Law School Foundation."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Morris, Arthur J., 1881-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":48,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-08T00:01:12.613Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_653"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Langdon Manor Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the \u003cem\u003ePittsburgh Courier, \u003c/em\u003e illustrations from a syndicated cartoon \u003cem\u003eYour History,\u003c/em\u003e by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from \u003cem\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress\u003c/em\u003e\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1644.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196327","title_filing_ssi":"Proctor, Bernard, Black History Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1949-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1949-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950"],"text":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950","MSS 16835","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1644","African American newspapers","Scrapbooks","fair","The collection is open for research use.","The scrapbook came with no original order. Some of the pages were loose from the scrapbook and were placed in mylar in a folder. Since it is being digitized, we created an artificial numbering system for metadata in matching up the images with the scrapbook. Each image is given a number and each image on the same page is given the same number and a letter to distinguish it. Preservaton will make a decision about how the scrapbook will be housed. All the pages will be in mylar in folders and the notebook binder with the title \"Negro History\" will stay with the collection.","Captain Bernard Proctor (1921-2013) was awarded three Presidential Citations, twelve Battle Stars, and a Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Medal of Honor in 2007 for his service, in the United States Army Air Force Reserve in the 0riginal 99th fighter squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen [1943-1958]. He was an officer who fought in the theaters of North Africa, Italy and France during World War II.","He was also Vice President of Cheyney University, and was the football and basketball coach at Wilberforce University and attended Ohio State University for graduate school. He taught industrial arts at several historically Black colleges and universities. He was a descendant of the West Indies and African Americans.","He compiled a Black history scrapbook with clippings from Joel August Rogers paperback series Your History, first published in 1940. This is a unique history which chronicles the accomplishments and tenacity of Black men and women. Also included is Negroes in the Halls of Congress by James M. Rosbrow, and illustrations from Ahmed Samuel Milai, and clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier.","Proctor was selected to be interviewed for the Library of Congress National Visionary Leadership Project as a noted African American leader. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXgWFA74ng\u0026list=PLCwE4GdJdVRLH4E09gFhwTYyymDWTqfpf","Joel Augustus Rogers(1880-1966) was a Jamaican-American author, journalist, and amateur historian who focused on the history of Africa; as well as the African diaspora. After settling in the United States in 1906, he lived in Chicago and then New York City. He became interested in the history of African Americans in the United States. His research spanned the academic fields of history, sociology and anthropology. He challenged prevailing ideas about scientific racism and the social construction of race, demonstrated the connections between civilizations, and traced achievements of ethnic Africans, including some with mixed European ancestry. He was one of the earliest popularizers of African and African-American history in the 20th century.Among his non-fiction works are World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent (1935), 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro (1934), The Real Facts about Ethiopia (1936), and World's Great Men of Color (1947). He is probably best known for Sex and Race (1941) and The Five Negro Presidents (1965). In addition, he wrote columns, including \"Impressions of Europe\" and \"Jazz at Home\", for several black newspapers and for the Pittsburgh Courier, an illustrated feature entitled \"Your History.\" He also wrote two novels From \"Superman\" to Man and She Walks in Beauty.","Ahmed Samuel Milai, better known as Sam Milai, was an African American editorial and comic strip cartoonist who drew for the Pittsburgh Courier. From 1940–c. 1971, Milai illustrated \"Your History\", written by Joel Augustus Rogers.","The Pittsburgh Courier was an African American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the Courier was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acquired in 1965 by John H. Sengstacke, a major black publisher and owner of the Chicago Defender. He re-opened the paper in 1967 as the New Pittsburgh Courier, making it one of his four newspapers for the African American audience.","Sources:\nWikipedia. Accessed 4/8/24","This collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier,  illustrations from a syndicated cartoon Your History, by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from Negroes in the Halls of Congress\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai.","Joel Augustus Rogers, creator of Your History is a well-known Black author, self-trained historian, novelist, and journalist focused on debunking racist theories and depictions of people of African ancestry.","Your History contains at least three historical figures or facts. There are approximately 150 short illustrated biographies of African Americans, some of whom are well-known, such as Henry Flipper or Booker T. Washington. Most are about people and events that are lesser known. These include boxer George Dixon and William A. Jackson, Jefferson Davis' coachman who shared intelligence with the Union, Jean-Pierre Boyer, a president of Haiti, artist William A. Harper, and Elizabeth Keckley (Mary Todd Lincoln's White House confidante), among many others.","Very little information is known about James M. Rosbrow, creator of Negroes in the Halls of Congress. The series contains biographical text along with a large illustration of the subject. Included are well-known officials such as Blanche Bruce and others such as Benjamin Sterling Turner from Alabama or John Roy Lynch, the youngest-ever Congressman at the time.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16835","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1644"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16835","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1644"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"creator_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books"],"creators_ssim":["Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American newspapers","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American newspapers","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["fair"],"extent_ssm":[".375 Cubic Feet 1 flat-box"],"extent_tesim":[".375 Cubic Feet 1 flat-box"],"dimensions_tesim":["12\"X18\"X3\""],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook came with no original order. Some of the pages were loose from the scrapbook and were placed in mylar in a folder. Since it is being digitized, we created an artificial numbering system for metadata in matching up the images with the scrapbook. Each image is given a number and each image on the same page is given the same number and a letter to distinguish it. Preservaton will make a decision about how the scrapbook will be housed. All the pages will be in mylar in folders and the notebook binder with the title \"Negro History\" will stay with the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbook came with no original order. Some of the pages were loose from the scrapbook and were placed in mylar in a folder. Since it is being digitized, we created an artificial numbering system for metadata in matching up the images with the scrapbook. Each image is given a number and each image on the same page is given the same number and a letter to distinguish it. Preservaton will make a decision about how the scrapbook will be housed. All the pages will be in mylar in folders and the notebook binder with the title \"Negro History\" will stay with the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Bernard Proctor (1921-2013) was awarded three Presidential Citations, twelve Battle Stars, and a Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Medal of Honor in 2007 for his service, in the United States Army Air Force Reserve in the 0riginal 99th fighter squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen [1943-1958]. He was an officer who fought in the theaters of North Africa, Italy and France during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was also Vice President of Cheyney University, and was the football and basketball coach at Wilberforce University and attended Ohio State University for graduate school. He taught industrial arts at several historically Black colleges and universities. He was a descendant of the West Indies and African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe compiled a Black history scrapbook with clippings from Joel August Rogers paperback series \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History,\u003c/emph\u003e first published in 1940. This is a unique history which chronicles the accomplishments and tenacity of Black men and women. Also included is \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress\u003c/emph\u003e by James M. Rosbrow, and illustrations from Ahmed Samuel Milai, and clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePittsburgh Courier\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProctor was selected to be interviewed for the Library of Congress National Visionary Leadership Project as a noted African American leader. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXgWFA74ng\u0026amp;list=PLCwE4GdJdVRLH4E09gFhwTYyymDWTqfpf\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoel Augustus Rogers(1880-1966) was a Jamaican-American author, journalist, and amateur historian who focused on the history of Africa; as well as the African diaspora. After settling in the United States in 1906, he lived in Chicago and then New York City. He became interested in the history of African Americans in the United States. His research spanned the academic fields of history, sociology and anthropology. He challenged prevailing ideas about scientific racism and the social construction of race, demonstrated the connections between civilizations, and traced achievements of ethnic Africans, including some with mixed European ancestry. He was one of the earliest popularizers of African and African-American history in the 20th century.Among his non-fiction works are World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent (1935), 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro (1934), The Real Facts about Ethiopia (1936), and World's Great Men of Color (1947). He is probably best known for Sex and Race (1941) and The Five Negro Presidents (1965). In addition, he wrote columns, including \"Impressions of Europe\" and \"Jazz at Home\", for several black newspapers and for the Pittsburgh Courier, an illustrated feature entitled \"Your History.\" He also wrote two novels From \"Superman\" to Man and She Walks in Beauty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAhmed Samuel Milai, better known as Sam Milai, was an African American editorial and comic strip cartoonist who drew for the Pittsburgh Courier. From 1940–c. 1971, Milai illustrated \"Your History\", written by Joel Augustus Rogers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pittsburgh Courier was an African American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the Courier was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acquired in 1965 by John H. Sengstacke, a major black publisher and owner of the Chicago Defender. He re-opened the paper in 1967 as the New Pittsburgh Courier, making it one of his four newspapers for the African American audience. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nWikipedia. Accessed 4/8/24\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Bernard Proctor (1921-2013) was awarded three Presidential Citations, twelve Battle Stars, and a Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Medal of Honor in 2007 for his service, in the United States Army Air Force Reserve in the 0riginal 99th fighter squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen [1943-1958]. He was an officer who fought in the theaters of North Africa, Italy and France during World War II.","He was also Vice President of Cheyney University, and was the football and basketball coach at Wilberforce University and attended Ohio State University for graduate school. He taught industrial arts at several historically Black colleges and universities. He was a descendant of the West Indies and African Americans.","He compiled a Black history scrapbook with clippings from Joel August Rogers paperback series Your History, first published in 1940. This is a unique history which chronicles the accomplishments and tenacity of Black men and women. Also included is Negroes in the Halls of Congress by James M. Rosbrow, and illustrations from Ahmed Samuel Milai, and clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier.","Proctor was selected to be interviewed for the Library of Congress National Visionary Leadership Project as a noted African American leader. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXgWFA74ng\u0026list=PLCwE4GdJdVRLH4E09gFhwTYyymDWTqfpf","Joel Augustus Rogers(1880-1966) was a Jamaican-American author, journalist, and amateur historian who focused on the history of Africa; as well as the African diaspora. After settling in the United States in 1906, he lived in Chicago and then New York City. He became interested in the history of African Americans in the United States. His research spanned the academic fields of history, sociology and anthropology. He challenged prevailing ideas about scientific racism and the social construction of race, demonstrated the connections between civilizations, and traced achievements of ethnic Africans, including some with mixed European ancestry. He was one of the earliest popularizers of African and African-American history in the 20th century.Among his non-fiction works are World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent (1935), 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro (1934), The Real Facts about Ethiopia (1936), and World's Great Men of Color (1947). He is probably best known for Sex and Race (1941) and The Five Negro Presidents (1965). In addition, he wrote columns, including \"Impressions of Europe\" and \"Jazz at Home\", for several black newspapers and for the Pittsburgh Courier, an illustrated feature entitled \"Your History.\" He also wrote two novels From \"Superman\" to Man and She Walks in Beauty.","Ahmed Samuel Milai, better known as Sam Milai, was an African American editorial and comic strip cartoonist who drew for the Pittsburgh Courier. From 1940–c. 1971, Milai illustrated \"Your History\", written by Joel Augustus Rogers.","The Pittsburgh Courier was an African American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the Courier was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acquired in 1965 by John H. Sengstacke, a major black publisher and owner of the Chicago Defender. He re-opened the paper in 1967 as the New Pittsburgh Courier, making it one of his four newspapers for the African American audience.","Sources:\nWikipedia. Accessed 4/8/24"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16835, Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16835, Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePittsburgh Courier, \u003c/emph\u003e illustrations from a syndicated cartoon \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History,\u003c/emph\u003e by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress\u003c/emph\u003e\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoel Augustus Rogers, creator of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History\u003c/emph\u003e is a well-known Black author, self-trained historian, novelist, and journalist focused on debunking racist theories and depictions of people of African ancestry. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History\u003c/emph\u003e contains at least three historical figures or facts. There are approximately 150 short illustrated biographies of African Americans, some of whom are well-known, such as Henry Flipper or Booker T. Washington. Most are about people and events that are lesser known. These include boxer George Dixon and William A. Jackson, Jefferson Davis' coachman who shared intelligence with the Union, Jean-Pierre Boyer, a president of Haiti, artist William A. Harper, and Elizabeth Keckley (Mary Todd Lincoln's White House confidante), among many others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVery little information is known about James M. Rosbrow, creator of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress.\u003c/emph\u003e The series contains biographical text along with a large illustration of the subject. Included are well-known officials such as Blanche Bruce and others such as Benjamin Sterling Turner from Alabama or John Roy Lynch, the youngest-ever Congressman at the time.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier,  illustrations from a syndicated cartoon Your History, by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from Negroes in the Halls of Congress\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai.","Joel Augustus Rogers, creator of Your History is a well-known Black author, self-trained historian, novelist, and journalist focused on debunking racist theories and depictions of people of African ancestry.","Your History contains at least three historical figures or facts. There are approximately 150 short illustrated biographies of African Americans, some of whom are well-known, such as Henry Flipper or Booker T. Washington. Most are about people and events that are lesser known. These include boxer George Dixon and William A. Jackson, Jefferson Davis' coachman who shared intelligence with the Union, Jean-Pierre Boyer, a president of Haiti, artist William A. Harper, and Elizabeth Keckley (Mary Todd Lincoln's White House confidante), among many others.","Very little information is known about James M. Rosbrow, creator of Negroes in the Halls of Congress. The series contains biographical text along with a large illustration of the subject. Included are well-known officials such as Blanche Bruce and others such as Benjamin Sterling Turner from Alabama or John Roy Lynch, the youngest-ever Congressman at the time."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books"],"persname_ssim":["Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1644.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196327","title_filing_ssi":"Proctor, Bernard, Black History Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1949-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1949-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950"],"text":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950","MSS 16835","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1644","African American newspapers","Scrapbooks","fair","The collection is open for research use.","The scrapbook came with no original order. Some of the pages were loose from the scrapbook and were placed in mylar in a folder. Since it is being digitized, we created an artificial numbering system for metadata in matching up the images with the scrapbook. Each image is given a number and each image on the same page is given the same number and a letter to distinguish it. Preservaton will make a decision about how the scrapbook will be housed. All the pages will be in mylar in folders and the notebook binder with the title \"Negro History\" will stay with the collection.","Captain Bernard Proctor (1921-2013) was awarded three Presidential Citations, twelve Battle Stars, and a Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Medal of Honor in 2007 for his service, in the United States Army Air Force Reserve in the 0riginal 99th fighter squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen [1943-1958]. He was an officer who fought in the theaters of North Africa, Italy and France during World War II.","He was also Vice President of Cheyney University, and was the football and basketball coach at Wilberforce University and attended Ohio State University for graduate school. He taught industrial arts at several historically Black colleges and universities. He was a descendant of the West Indies and African Americans.","He compiled a Black history scrapbook with clippings from Joel August Rogers paperback series Your History, first published in 1940. This is a unique history which chronicles the accomplishments and tenacity of Black men and women. Also included is Negroes in the Halls of Congress by James M. Rosbrow, and illustrations from Ahmed Samuel Milai, and clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier.","Proctor was selected to be interviewed for the Library of Congress National Visionary Leadership Project as a noted African American leader. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXgWFA74ng\u0026list=PLCwE4GdJdVRLH4E09gFhwTYyymDWTqfpf","Joel Augustus Rogers(1880-1966) was a Jamaican-American author, journalist, and amateur historian who focused on the history of Africa; as well as the African diaspora. After settling in the United States in 1906, he lived in Chicago and then New York City. He became interested in the history of African Americans in the United States. His research spanned the academic fields of history, sociology and anthropology. He challenged prevailing ideas about scientific racism and the social construction of race, demonstrated the connections between civilizations, and traced achievements of ethnic Africans, including some with mixed European ancestry. He was one of the earliest popularizers of African and African-American history in the 20th century.Among his non-fiction works are World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent (1935), 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro (1934), The Real Facts about Ethiopia (1936), and World's Great Men of Color (1947). He is probably best known for Sex and Race (1941) and The Five Negro Presidents (1965). In addition, he wrote columns, including \"Impressions of Europe\" and \"Jazz at Home\", for several black newspapers and for the Pittsburgh Courier, an illustrated feature entitled \"Your History.\" He also wrote two novels From \"Superman\" to Man and She Walks in Beauty.","Ahmed Samuel Milai, better known as Sam Milai, was an African American editorial and comic strip cartoonist who drew for the Pittsburgh Courier. From 1940–c. 1971, Milai illustrated \"Your History\", written by Joel Augustus Rogers.","The Pittsburgh Courier was an African American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the Courier was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acquired in 1965 by John H. Sengstacke, a major black publisher and owner of the Chicago Defender. He re-opened the paper in 1967 as the New Pittsburgh Courier, making it one of his four newspapers for the African American audience.","Sources:\nWikipedia. Accessed 4/8/24","This collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier,  illustrations from a syndicated cartoon Your History, by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from Negroes in the Halls of Congress\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai.","Joel Augustus Rogers, creator of Your History is a well-known Black author, self-trained historian, novelist, and journalist focused on debunking racist theories and depictions of people of African ancestry.","Your History contains at least three historical figures or facts. There are approximately 150 short illustrated biographies of African Americans, some of whom are well-known, such as Henry Flipper or Booker T. Washington. Most are about people and events that are lesser known. These include boxer George Dixon and William A. Jackson, Jefferson Davis' coachman who shared intelligence with the Union, Jean-Pierre Boyer, a president of Haiti, artist William A. Harper, and Elizabeth Keckley (Mary Todd Lincoln's White House confidante), among many others.","Very little information is known about James M. Rosbrow, creator of Negroes in the Halls of Congress. The series contains biographical text along with a large illustration of the subject. Included are well-known officials such as Blanche Bruce and others such as Benjamin Sterling Turner from Alabama or John Roy Lynch, the youngest-ever Congressman at the time.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, 1949/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16835","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1644"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16835","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1644"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"creator_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books"],"creators_ssim":["Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American newspapers","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American newspapers","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["fair"],"extent_ssm":[".375 Cubic Feet 1 flat-box"],"extent_tesim":[".375 Cubic Feet 1 flat-box"],"dimensions_tesim":["12\"X18\"X3\""],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook came with no original order. Some of the pages were loose from the scrapbook and were placed in mylar in a folder. Since it is being digitized, we created an artificial numbering system for metadata in matching up the images with the scrapbook. Each image is given a number and each image on the same page is given the same number and a letter to distinguish it. Preservaton will make a decision about how the scrapbook will be housed. All the pages will be in mylar in folders and the notebook binder with the title \"Negro History\" will stay with the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbook came with no original order. Some of the pages were loose from the scrapbook and were placed in mylar in a folder. Since it is being digitized, we created an artificial numbering system for metadata in matching up the images with the scrapbook. Each image is given a number and each image on the same page is given the same number and a letter to distinguish it. Preservaton will make a decision about how the scrapbook will be housed. All the pages will be in mylar in folders and the notebook binder with the title \"Negro History\" will stay with the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Bernard Proctor (1921-2013) was awarded three Presidential Citations, twelve Battle Stars, and a Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Medal of Honor in 2007 for his service, in the United States Army Air Force Reserve in the 0riginal 99th fighter squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen [1943-1958]. He was an officer who fought in the theaters of North Africa, Italy and France during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was also Vice President of Cheyney University, and was the football and basketball coach at Wilberforce University and attended Ohio State University for graduate school. He taught industrial arts at several historically Black colleges and universities. He was a descendant of the West Indies and African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe compiled a Black history scrapbook with clippings from Joel August Rogers paperback series \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History,\u003c/emph\u003e first published in 1940. This is a unique history which chronicles the accomplishments and tenacity of Black men and women. Also included is \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress\u003c/emph\u003e by James M. Rosbrow, and illustrations from Ahmed Samuel Milai, and clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePittsburgh Courier\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProctor was selected to be interviewed for the Library of Congress National Visionary Leadership Project as a noted African American leader. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXgWFA74ng\u0026amp;list=PLCwE4GdJdVRLH4E09gFhwTYyymDWTqfpf\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoel Augustus Rogers(1880-1966) was a Jamaican-American author, journalist, and amateur historian who focused on the history of Africa; as well as the African diaspora. After settling in the United States in 1906, he lived in Chicago and then New York City. He became interested in the history of African Americans in the United States. His research spanned the academic fields of history, sociology and anthropology. He challenged prevailing ideas about scientific racism and the social construction of race, demonstrated the connections between civilizations, and traced achievements of ethnic Africans, including some with mixed European ancestry. He was one of the earliest popularizers of African and African-American history in the 20th century.Among his non-fiction works are World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent (1935), 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro (1934), The Real Facts about Ethiopia (1936), and World's Great Men of Color (1947). He is probably best known for Sex and Race (1941) and The Five Negro Presidents (1965). In addition, he wrote columns, including \"Impressions of Europe\" and \"Jazz at Home\", for several black newspapers and for the Pittsburgh Courier, an illustrated feature entitled \"Your History.\" He also wrote two novels From \"Superman\" to Man and She Walks in Beauty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAhmed Samuel Milai, better known as Sam Milai, was an African American editorial and comic strip cartoonist who drew for the Pittsburgh Courier. From 1940–c. 1971, Milai illustrated \"Your History\", written by Joel Augustus Rogers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pittsburgh Courier was an African American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the Courier was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acquired in 1965 by John H. Sengstacke, a major black publisher and owner of the Chicago Defender. He re-opened the paper in 1967 as the New Pittsburgh Courier, making it one of his four newspapers for the African American audience. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nWikipedia. Accessed 4/8/24\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Bernard Proctor (1921-2013) was awarded three Presidential Citations, twelve Battle Stars, and a Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Medal of Honor in 2007 for his service, in the United States Army Air Force Reserve in the 0riginal 99th fighter squadron of the Tuskegee Airmen [1943-1958]. He was an officer who fought in the theaters of North Africa, Italy and France during World War II.","He was also Vice President of Cheyney University, and was the football and basketball coach at Wilberforce University and attended Ohio State University for graduate school. He taught industrial arts at several historically Black colleges and universities. He was a descendant of the West Indies and African Americans.","He compiled a Black history scrapbook with clippings from Joel August Rogers paperback series Your History, first published in 1940. This is a unique history which chronicles the accomplishments and tenacity of Black men and women. Also included is Negroes in the Halls of Congress by James M. Rosbrow, and illustrations from Ahmed Samuel Milai, and clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier.","Proctor was selected to be interviewed for the Library of Congress National Visionary Leadership Project as a noted African American leader. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sXgWFA74ng\u0026list=PLCwE4GdJdVRLH4E09gFhwTYyymDWTqfpf","Joel Augustus Rogers(1880-1966) was a Jamaican-American author, journalist, and amateur historian who focused on the history of Africa; as well as the African diaspora. After settling in the United States in 1906, he lived in Chicago and then New York City. He became interested in the history of African Americans in the United States. His research spanned the academic fields of history, sociology and anthropology. He challenged prevailing ideas about scientific racism and the social construction of race, demonstrated the connections between civilizations, and traced achievements of ethnic Africans, including some with mixed European ancestry. He was one of the earliest popularizers of African and African-American history in the 20th century.Among his non-fiction works are World's Greatest Men and Women of African Descent (1935), 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro (1934), The Real Facts about Ethiopia (1936), and World's Great Men of Color (1947). He is probably best known for Sex and Race (1941) and The Five Negro Presidents (1965). In addition, he wrote columns, including \"Impressions of Europe\" and \"Jazz at Home\", for several black newspapers and for the Pittsburgh Courier, an illustrated feature entitled \"Your History.\" He also wrote two novels From \"Superman\" to Man and She Walks in Beauty.","Ahmed Samuel Milai, better known as Sam Milai, was an African American editorial and comic strip cartoonist who drew for the Pittsburgh Courier. From 1940–c. 1971, Milai illustrated \"Your History\", written by Joel Augustus Rogers.","The Pittsburgh Courier was an African American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the Courier was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acquired in 1965 by John H. Sengstacke, a major black publisher and owner of the Chicago Defender. He re-opened the paper in 1967 as the New Pittsburgh Courier, making it one of his four newspapers for the African American audience.","Sources:\nWikipedia. Accessed 4/8/24"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16835, Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16835, Bernard Proctor Black History Scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePittsburgh Courier, \u003c/emph\u003e illustrations from a syndicated cartoon \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History,\u003c/emph\u003e by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress\u003c/emph\u003e\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoel Augustus Rogers, creator of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History\u003c/emph\u003e is a well-known Black author, self-trained historian, novelist, and journalist focused on debunking racist theories and depictions of people of African ancestry. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYour History\u003c/emph\u003e contains at least three historical figures or facts. There are approximately 150 short illustrated biographies of African Americans, some of whom are well-known, such as Henry Flipper or Booker T. Washington. Most are about people and events that are lesser known. These include boxer George Dixon and William A. Jackson, Jefferson Davis' coachman who shared intelligence with the Union, Jean-Pierre Boyer, a president of Haiti, artist William A. Harper, and Elizabeth Keckley (Mary Todd Lincoln's White House confidante), among many others. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVery little information is known about James M. Rosbrow, creator of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNegroes in the Halls of Congress.\u003c/emph\u003e The series contains biographical text along with a large illustration of the subject. Included are well-known officials such as Blanche Bruce and others such as Benjamin Sterling Turner from Alabama or John Roy Lynch, the youngest-ever Congressman at the time.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a homemade Black history notebook of clippings and illustrations compiled by Bernard S. Proctor, (a Tuskegee Airman). The notebook is a green cloth 3-ring binder, with \"Negro History\" written on the spine, containing newspaper clippings from the Pittsburgh Courier,  illustrations from a syndicated cartoon Your History, by J.A. Rogers, and illustrations from Negroes in the Halls of Congress\" by James M. Rosbrow, both drawn by A.S. Milai.","Joel Augustus Rogers, creator of Your History is a well-known Black author, self-trained historian, novelist, and journalist focused on debunking racist theories and depictions of people of African ancestry.","Your History contains at least three historical figures or facts. There are approximately 150 short illustrated biographies of African Americans, some of whom are well-known, such as Henry Flipper or Booker T. Washington. Most are about people and events that are lesser known. These include boxer George Dixon and William A. Jackson, Jefferson Davis' coachman who shared intelligence with the Union, Jean-Pierre Boyer, a president of Haiti, artist William A. Harper, and Elizabeth Keckley (Mary Todd Lincoln's White House confidante), among many others.","Very little information is known about James M. Rosbrow, creator of Negroes in the Halls of Congress. The series contains biographical text along with a large illustration of the subject. Included are well-known officials such as Blanche Bruce and others such as Benjamin Sterling Turner from Alabama or John Roy Lynch, the youngest-ever Congressman at the time."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books"],"persname_ssim":["Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. (Ahmed Samuel), 1908-1970","Rosbrow, James M."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Proctor, Bernard S., 1921-2013","Rogers , J. A. (Joel Augustus), 1880-1966","Milai, A.S. 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It includes correspondence, programs, and mementos from theater, basketball, and football, and a declamatory contest. There are two large dolls created out of crepe paper.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1385#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1385.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/137723","title_filing_ssi":"Africa, Bessie Marie, scrapbook","title_ssm":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1923-1927","1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923-1927"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1925"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/1927, bulk 1925"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, 1923/1927, bulk 1925"],"text":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, 1923/1927, bulk 1925","MSS 16697","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1385","Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Scrapbooks","Commonplace books","The collection is open for research use.","High school memory scrapbook and photo album of Bessie Marie Africa of Kanawha, Iowa from 1923 to 1927. 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The scrapbook is in a \"School Friendship Book binding\" assembled by Bessie Marie Africa documenting her high school years at Sanborn High School. It includes correspondence, programs, and mementos from theater, basketball, and football, and a declamatory contest. There are two large dolls created out of crepe paper.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["High school memory scrapbook and photo album of Bessie Marie Africa of Kanawha, Iowa from 1923 to 1927. The scrapbook is in a \"School Friendship Book binding\" assembled by Bessie Marie Africa documenting her high school years at Sanborn High School. It includes correspondence, programs, and mementos from theater, basketball, and football, and a declamatory contest. There are two large dolls created out of crepe paper."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:13.060Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1385","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1385.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/137723","title_filing_ssi":"Africa, Bessie Marie, scrapbook","title_ssm":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1923-1927","1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923-1927"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1925"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1923/1927, bulk 1925"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, 1923/1927, bulk 1925"],"text":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, 1923/1927, bulk 1925","MSS 16697","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1385","Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Scrapbooks","Commonplace books","The collection is open for research use.","High school memory scrapbook and photo album of Bessie Marie Africa of Kanawha, Iowa from 1923 to 1927. The scrapbook is in a \"School Friendship Book binding\" assembled by Bessie Marie Africa documenting her high school years at Sanborn High School. It includes correspondence, programs, and mementos from theater, basketball, and football, and a declamatory contest. There are two large dolls created out of crepe paper.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, 1923/1927, bulk 1925"],"collection_ssim":["Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, 1923/1927, bulk 1925"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16697","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1385"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16697","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1385"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Caroliniana Jeffrey Rovenpor by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 2 May 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Scrapbooks","Commonplace books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Scrapbooks","Commonplace books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["scrapbook album"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Commonplace books"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16697, Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16697, Bessie Marie Africa scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHigh school memory scrapbook and photo album of Bessie Marie Africa of Kanawha, Iowa from 1923 to 1927. The scrapbook is in a \"School Friendship Book binding\" assembled by Bessie Marie Africa documenting her high school years at Sanborn High School. It includes correspondence, programs, and mementos from theater, basketball, and football, and a declamatory contest. There are two large dolls created out of crepe paper.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["High school memory scrapbook and photo album of Bessie Marie Africa of Kanawha, Iowa from 1923 to 1927. The scrapbook is in a \"School Friendship Book binding\" assembled by Bessie Marie Africa documenting her high school years at Sanborn High School. It includes correspondence, programs, and mementos from theater, basketball, and football, and a declamatory contest. There are two large dolls created out of crepe paper."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:13.060Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1385"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bruce family papers, 1880/1951","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1740#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1740#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eUVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1740#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1740.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/212834","title_filing_ssi":"Bruce family papers","title_ssm":["Bruce family papers"],"title_tesim":["Bruce family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951"],"text":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951","MSS 16876","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1740","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research use.","Philip A. Bruce (1856-1933) was a historian, essayist, and poet of Scotch descent. The son of Charles and Sarah Seddon Bruce, Philip spent his youth at Staunton Hall Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia. Deeply influenced by the social and cultural life of the plantation, Bruce received a good education from various tutors. Later, he attended Norwood Academy; and then the University of Virginia from 1873 to 1875. He obtained a Bachelor of Law degree from Harvard in 1879.","Bruce's career was varied and colorful. His first position as editorial writer for The Richmond Times brought him recognition as a promising writer. As corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, Bruce played a major role editing its quarterly publication. Bruce never taught, but devoted his full creative energies to writing. In 1896 his major work The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century appeared. Bruce spent time in England to research colonial Virginia records. He published a social and institutional history of Virginia and a History of the University of Virginia (5 vols.) in 1921. For additional biographical information, see Darrett B. Rutman, \"Philip Alexander Bruce: A Divided Mind of the South\" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, LXVIII (Oct. 1960), pp. 387-408.","MSS 38-207 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce and ViU-2025-0012 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce Addition 1 are part of this collection.","Another addition of this collection is MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948.","These have been combined along with two recent additions (ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012) into this one ArchivesSpace record.","ViU-2024-0136 is related to the University of Virginia collection of the History of Childhood MSS 16758 but is not part of it.","This collection includes several additions such as (MSS 2889) the papers regarding Philip Alexander Bruce's historical writings and personal correspondence, including correspondence with A. Henderson, 1917 July and 15 January 1925, Dunbar Rowland, 18 March 1933, and Carter Woodson, 3 February, 1921 and 15 January, 1940. Included is a brief letter of thanks from Woodrow Wilson, 1912 July 23.(Boxes 1-2)","Another addition MSS 38-207 contains the typescript of Philip Alexander Bruce's history of the University of Virginia together with some chapters from his writings on Thomas Jefferson and on the education of African-Americans. (Boxes 3-12)","UVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)","Similar to manuscripts in MSS 38-207. Also overlaps with MSS 2889","The baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16876","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1740"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16876","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1740"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940"],"creator_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Additions ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012 were purchases from Black Swan Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 16 July, 2024 and 15 November 2025.","MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948.","MSS 38-207 provenance is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.6 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes in Series 1. 10 legal document boxes in Series 2. One letter document box and one small flat box in Series 3. One legal document box and one small flat box in Series 4."],"extent_tesim":["10.6 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes in Series 1. 10 legal document boxes in Series 2. One letter document box and one small flat box in Series 3. One legal document box and one small flat box in Series 4."],"physfacet_tesim":["These are not all housed together in the stacks."],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhilip A. Bruce (1856-1933) was a historian, essayist, and poet of Scotch descent. The son of Charles and Sarah Seddon Bruce, Philip spent his youth at Staunton Hall Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia. Deeply influenced by the social and cultural life of the plantation, Bruce received a good education from various tutors. Later, he attended Norwood Academy; and then the University of Virginia from 1873 to 1875. He obtained a Bachelor of Law degree from Harvard in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBruce's career was varied and colorful. His first position as editorial writer for The Richmond Times brought him recognition as a promising writer. As corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, Bruce played a major role editing its quarterly publication. Bruce never taught, but devoted his full creative energies to writing. In 1896 his major work The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century appeared. Bruce spent time in England to research colonial Virginia records. He published a social and institutional history of Virginia and a History of the University of Virginia (5 vols.) in 1921. For additional biographical information, see Darrett B. Rutman, \"Philip Alexander Bruce: A Divided Mind of the South\" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, LXVIII (Oct. 1960), pp. 387-408. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Philip A. Bruce (1856-1933) was a historian, essayist, and poet of Scotch descent. The son of Charles and Sarah Seddon Bruce, Philip spent his youth at Staunton Hall Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia. Deeply influenced by the social and cultural life of the plantation, Bruce received a good education from various tutors. Later, he attended Norwood Academy; and then the University of Virginia from 1873 to 1875. He obtained a Bachelor of Law degree from Harvard in 1879.","Bruce's career was varied and colorful. His first position as editorial writer for The Richmond Times brought him recognition as a promising writer. As corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, Bruce played a major role editing its quarterly publication. Bruce never taught, but devoted his full creative energies to writing. In 1896 his major work The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century appeared. Bruce spent time in England to research colonial Virginia records. He published a social and institutional history of Virginia and a History of the University of Virginia (5 vols.) in 1921. For additional biographical information, see Darrett B. Rutman, \"Philip Alexander Bruce: A Divided Mind of the South\" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, LXVIII (Oct. 1960), pp. 387-408."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16876,Bruce family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16876,Bruce family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 38-207 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce and ViU-2025-0012 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce Addition 1 are part of this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother addition of this collection is MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese have been combined along with two recent additions (ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012) into this one ArchivesSpace record. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eViU-2024-0136 is related to the University of Virginia collection of the History of Childhood MSS 16758 but is not part of it.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes several additions such as (MSS 2889) the papers regarding Philip Alexander Bruce's historical writings and personal correspondence, including correspondence with A. Henderson, 1917 July and 15 January 1925, Dunbar Rowland, 18 March 1933, and Carter Woodson, 3 February, 1921 and 15 January, 1940. Included is a brief letter of thanks from Woodrow Wilson, 1912 July 23.(Boxes 1-2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother addition MSS 38-207 contains the typescript of Philip Alexander Bruce's history of the University of Virginia together with some chapters from his writings on Thomas Jefferson and on the education of African-Americans. (Boxes 3-12)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MSS 38-207 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce and ViU-2025-0012 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce Addition 1 are part of this collection.","Another addition of this collection is MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948.","These have been combined along with two recent additions (ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012) into this one ArchivesSpace record.","ViU-2024-0136 is related to the University of Virginia collection of the History of Childhood MSS 16758 but is not part of it.","This collection includes several additions such as (MSS 2889) the papers regarding Philip Alexander Bruce's historical writings and personal correspondence, including correspondence with A. Henderson, 1917 July and 15 January 1925, Dunbar Rowland, 18 March 1933, and Carter Woodson, 3 February, 1921 and 15 January, 1940. Included is a brief letter of thanks from Woodrow Wilson, 1912 July 23.(Boxes 1-2)","Another addition MSS 38-207 contains the typescript of Philip Alexander Bruce's history of the University of Virginia together with some chapters from his writings on Thomas Jefferson and on the education of African-Americans. (Boxes 3-12)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimilar to manuscripts in MSS 38-207. Also overlaps with MSS 2889\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["UVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)","Similar to manuscripts in MSS 38-207. Also overlaps with MSS 2889"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":143,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:43.518Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1740","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1740.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/212834","title_filing_ssi":"Bruce family papers","title_ssm":["Bruce family papers"],"title_tesim":["Bruce family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951"],"text":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951","MSS 16876","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1740","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research use.","Philip A. Bruce (1856-1933) was a historian, essayist, and poet of Scotch descent. The son of Charles and Sarah Seddon Bruce, Philip spent his youth at Staunton Hall Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia. Deeply influenced by the social and cultural life of the plantation, Bruce received a good education from various tutors. Later, he attended Norwood Academy; and then the University of Virginia from 1873 to 1875. He obtained a Bachelor of Law degree from Harvard in 1879.","Bruce's career was varied and colorful. His first position as editorial writer for The Richmond Times brought him recognition as a promising writer. As corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, Bruce played a major role editing its quarterly publication. Bruce never taught, but devoted his full creative energies to writing. In 1896 his major work The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century appeared. Bruce spent time in England to research colonial Virginia records. He published a social and institutional history of Virginia and a History of the University of Virginia (5 vols.) in 1921. For additional biographical information, see Darrett B. Rutman, \"Philip Alexander Bruce: A Divided Mind of the South\" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, LXVIII (Oct. 1960), pp. 387-408.","MSS 38-207 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce and ViU-2025-0012 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce Addition 1 are part of this collection.","Another addition of this collection is MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948.","These have been combined along with two recent additions (ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012) into this one ArchivesSpace record.","ViU-2024-0136 is related to the University of Virginia collection of the History of Childhood MSS 16758 but is not part of it.","This collection includes several additions such as (MSS 2889) the papers regarding Philip Alexander Bruce's historical writings and personal correspondence, including correspondence with A. Henderson, 1917 July and 15 January 1925, Dunbar Rowland, 18 March 1933, and Carter Woodson, 3 February, 1921 and 15 January, 1940. Included is a brief letter of thanks from Woodrow Wilson, 1912 July 23.(Boxes 1-2)","Another addition MSS 38-207 contains the typescript of Philip Alexander Bruce's history of the University of Virginia together with some chapters from his writings on Thomas Jefferson and on the education of African-Americans. (Boxes 3-12)","UVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)","Similar to manuscripts in MSS 38-207. Also overlaps with MSS 2889","The baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Bruce family papers, 1880/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16876","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1740"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16876","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1740"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940"],"creator_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Additions ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012 were purchases from Black Swan Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 16 July, 2024 and 15 November 2025.","MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948.","MSS 38-207 provenance is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.6 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes in Series 1. 10 legal document boxes in Series 2. One letter document box and one small flat box in Series 3. One legal document box and one small flat box in Series 4."],"extent_tesim":["10.6 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes in Series 1. 10 legal document boxes in Series 2. One letter document box and one small flat box in Series 3. One legal document box and one small flat box in Series 4."],"physfacet_tesim":["These are not all housed together in the stacks."],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhilip A. Bruce (1856-1933) was a historian, essayist, and poet of Scotch descent. The son of Charles and Sarah Seddon Bruce, Philip spent his youth at Staunton Hall Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia. Deeply influenced by the social and cultural life of the plantation, Bruce received a good education from various tutors. Later, he attended Norwood Academy; and then the University of Virginia from 1873 to 1875. He obtained a Bachelor of Law degree from Harvard in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBruce's career was varied and colorful. His first position as editorial writer for The Richmond Times brought him recognition as a promising writer. As corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, Bruce played a major role editing its quarterly publication. Bruce never taught, but devoted his full creative energies to writing. In 1896 his major work The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century appeared. Bruce spent time in England to research colonial Virginia records. He published a social and institutional history of Virginia and a History of the University of Virginia (5 vols.) in 1921. For additional biographical information, see Darrett B. Rutman, \"Philip Alexander Bruce: A Divided Mind of the South\" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, LXVIII (Oct. 1960), pp. 387-408. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Philip A. Bruce (1856-1933) was a historian, essayist, and poet of Scotch descent. The son of Charles and Sarah Seddon Bruce, Philip spent his youth at Staunton Hall Plantation in Charlotte County, Virginia. Deeply influenced by the social and cultural life of the plantation, Bruce received a good education from various tutors. Later, he attended Norwood Academy; and then the University of Virginia from 1873 to 1875. He obtained a Bachelor of Law degree from Harvard in 1879.","Bruce's career was varied and colorful. His first position as editorial writer for The Richmond Times brought him recognition as a promising writer. As corresponding secretary of the Virginia Historical Society, Bruce played a major role editing its quarterly publication. Bruce never taught, but devoted his full creative energies to writing. In 1896 his major work The Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century appeared. Bruce spent time in England to research colonial Virginia records. He published a social and institutional history of Virginia and a History of the University of Virginia (5 vols.) in 1921. For additional biographical information, see Darrett B. Rutman, \"Philip Alexander Bruce: A Divided Mind of the South\" Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, LXVIII (Oct. 1960), pp. 387-408."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16876,Bruce family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16876,Bruce family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 38-207 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce and ViU-2025-0012 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce Addition 1 are part of this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother addition of this collection is MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese have been combined along with two recent additions (ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012) into this one ArchivesSpace record. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eViU-2024-0136 is related to the University of Virginia collection of the History of Childhood MSS 16758 but is not part of it.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes several additions such as (MSS 2889) the papers regarding Philip Alexander Bruce's historical writings and personal correspondence, including correspondence with A. Henderson, 1917 July and 15 January 1925, Dunbar Rowland, 18 March 1933, and Carter Woodson, 3 February, 1921 and 15 January, 1940. Included is a brief letter of thanks from Woodrow Wilson, 1912 July 23.(Boxes 1-2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother addition MSS 38-207 contains the typescript of Philip Alexander Bruce's history of the University of Virginia together with some chapters from his writings on Thomas Jefferson and on the education of African-Americans. (Boxes 3-12)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MSS 38-207 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce and ViU-2025-0012 Papers of Philip Alexander Bruce Addition 1 are part of this collection.","Another addition of this collection is MSS 2889, -a,-b,-c and was a gift to Small Special Collections by his daughter, Mrs. Archibald B. Shepperson, in 1948.","These have been combined along with two recent additions (ViU-2024-0136 and ViU-2025-0012) into this one ArchivesSpace record.","ViU-2024-0136 is related to the University of Virginia collection of the History of Childhood MSS 16758 but is not part of it.","This collection includes several additions such as (MSS 2889) the papers regarding Philip Alexander Bruce's historical writings and personal correspondence, including correspondence with A. Henderson, 1917 July and 15 January 1925, Dunbar Rowland, 18 March 1933, and Carter Woodson, 3 February, 1921 and 15 January, 1940. Included is a brief letter of thanks from Woodrow Wilson, 1912 July 23.(Boxes 1-2)","Another addition MSS 38-207 contains the typescript of Philip Alexander Bruce's history of the University of Virginia together with some chapters from his writings on Thomas Jefferson and on the education of African-Americans. (Boxes 3-12)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSimilar to manuscripts in MSS 38-207. Also overlaps with MSS 2889\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["UVA Librarian to Shepperson (son-in-law of Philip Alexander Bruce)","Similar to manuscripts in MSS 38-207. Also overlaps with MSS 2889"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The baby album contains photographs and gloves should be worn for handling these photographs. The scrapbook in Box 1 and the removed contents in Box 2 should be viewed together."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bruce, Philip Alexander, 1856-1933","Bruce, Elizabeth Tunstall Taylor Newton, 1856-1940","Hobson, Amanda, 1831","Shepperson, Philippa Alexander Bruce, 1897-1972","Armstrong, Philippa Alexander Bruce Shepperson, 1934-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":143,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:43.518Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1740"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eChisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia, 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_416.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/114086","title_filing_ssi":"Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997"],"text":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997","MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416","photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research use.","Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.","MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library","Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.","Frank Gardiner Wisner letter to his mother Jeanette Gardiner Wisner and a letter from Polly Wisner to her husband Frank Gardiner Wisner","Series II contains certificates for Frank Gardiner Wisner from the Winchester Rifle Corps and track at Woodberry Forest School (1924; 1927),  magazine article about the Marquis de Ganay family, newspaper clippings, obituaries for Frank Gardiner Wisner (1965) and Genevieve de Viral Wisner (1974), oversize items including a torn high school diploma and photographs of Frank Gardiner Wisner, Allen W. Dulles, and General Marshal, additional photographs from 1909 to 1965, school work and art work of Frank Gardiner Wisner, and printed items related to the University of Virginia, all totaling more than .05 cubic feet.","Oversize photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles and his wife, and photographs of the University of Virginia.","Laurel High School diploma and photograph of Polly Wisner on her wedding day","Printed items and miscellaneous include a program from the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932, a 1997 Central Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary booklet on trailblazers, a small miscellaneous broadside (in French), and a miscellaneous ribbon.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Chisholm Foundation (Lex Lindsay) to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box, 1 half-width document box, 1 flat box, and oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box, 1 half-width document box, 1 flat box, and oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner letter to his mother Jeanette Gardiner Wisner and a letter from Polly Wisner to her husband Frank Gardiner Wisner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II contains certificates for Frank Gardiner Wisner from the Winchester Rifle Corps and track at Woodberry Forest School (1924; 1927),  magazine article about the Marquis de Ganay family, newspaper clippings, obituaries for Frank Gardiner Wisner (1965) and Genevieve de Viral Wisner (1974), oversize items including a torn high school diploma and photographs of Frank Gardiner Wisner, Allen W. Dulles, and General Marshal, additional photographs from 1909 to 1965, school work and art work of Frank Gardiner Wisner, and printed items related to the University of Virginia, all totaling more than .05 cubic feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles and his wife, and photographs of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaurel High School diploma and photograph of Polly Wisner on her wedding day\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted items and miscellaneous include a program from the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932, a 1997 Central Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary booklet on trailblazers, a small miscellaneous broadside (in French), and a miscellaneous ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.","Frank Gardiner Wisner letter to his mother Jeanette Gardiner Wisner and a letter from Polly Wisner to her husband Frank Gardiner Wisner","Series II contains certificates for Frank Gardiner Wisner from the Winchester Rifle Corps and track at Woodberry Forest School (1924; 1927),  magazine article about the Marquis de Ganay family, newspaper clippings, obituaries for Frank Gardiner Wisner (1965) and Genevieve de Viral Wisner (1974), oversize items including a torn high school diploma and photographs of Frank Gardiner Wisner, Allen W. Dulles, and General Marshal, additional photographs from 1909 to 1965, school work and art work of Frank Gardiner Wisner, and printed items related to the University of Virginia, all totaling more than .05 cubic feet.","Oversize photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles and his wife, and photographs of the University of Virginia.","Laurel High School diploma and photograph of Polly Wisner on her wedding day","Printed items and miscellaneous include a program from the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932, a 1997 Central Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary booklet on trailblazers, a small miscellaneous broadside (in French), and a miscellaneous ribbon."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:29:24.432Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026amp; Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_416.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/114086","title_filing_ssi":"Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997"],"text":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997","MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416","photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research use.","Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.","MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library","Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.","Frank Gardiner Wisner letter to his mother Jeanette Gardiner Wisner and a letter from Polly Wisner to her husband Frank Gardiner Wisner","Series II contains certificates for Frank Gardiner Wisner from the Winchester Rifle Corps and track at Woodberry Forest School (1924; 1927),  magazine article about the Marquis de Ganay family, newspaper clippings, obituaries for Frank Gardiner Wisner (1965) and Genevieve de Viral Wisner (1974), oversize items including a torn high school diploma and photographs of Frank Gardiner Wisner, Allen W. Dulles, and General Marshal, additional photographs from 1909 to 1965, school work and art work of Frank Gardiner Wisner, and printed items related to the University of Virginia, all totaling more than .05 cubic feet.","Oversize photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles and his wife, and photographs of the University of Virginia.","Laurel High School diploma and photograph of Polly Wisner on her wedding day","Printed items and miscellaneous include a program from the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932, a 1997 Central Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary booklet on trailblazers, a small miscellaneous broadside (in French), and a miscellaneous ribbon.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, 1909/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Chisholm Foundation (Lex Lindsay) to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box, 1 half-width document box, 1 flat box, and oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box, 1 half-width document box, 1 flat box, and oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner letter to his mother Jeanette Gardiner Wisner and a letter from Polly Wisner to her husband Frank Gardiner Wisner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II contains certificates for Frank Gardiner Wisner from the Winchester Rifle Corps and track at Woodberry Forest School (1924; 1927),  magazine article about the Marquis de Ganay family, newspaper clippings, obituaries for Frank Gardiner Wisner (1965) and Genevieve de Viral Wisner (1974), oversize items including a torn high school diploma and photographs of Frank Gardiner Wisner, Allen W. Dulles, and General Marshal, additional photographs from 1909 to 1965, school work and art work of Frank Gardiner Wisner, and printed items related to the University of Virginia, all totaling more than .05 cubic feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles and his wife, and photographs of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaurel High School diploma and photograph of Polly Wisner on her wedding day\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted items and miscellaneous include a program from the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932, a 1997 Central Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary booklet on trailblazers, a small miscellaneous broadside (in French), and a miscellaneous ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.","Frank Gardiner Wisner letter to his mother Jeanette Gardiner Wisner and a letter from Polly Wisner to her husband Frank Gardiner Wisner","Series II contains certificates for Frank Gardiner Wisner from the Winchester Rifle Corps and track at Woodberry Forest School (1924; 1927),  magazine article about the Marquis de Ganay family, newspaper clippings, obituaries for Frank Gardiner Wisner (1965) and Genevieve de Viral Wisner (1974), oversize items including a torn high school diploma and photographs of Frank Gardiner Wisner, Allen W. Dulles, and General Marshal, additional photographs from 1909 to 1965, school work and art work of Frank Gardiner Wisner, and printed items related to the University of Virginia, all totaling more than .05 cubic feet.","Oversize photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles and his wife, and photographs of the University of Virginia.","Laurel High School diploma and photograph of Polly Wisner on her wedding day","Printed items and miscellaneous include a program from the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1932, a 1997 Central Intelligence Agency 50th Anniversary booklet on trailblazers, a small miscellaneous broadside (in French), and a miscellaneous ribbon."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:29:24.432Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026amp; Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. 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