{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Rosenwald+schools","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Rosenwald+schools\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Hicks, Delores Oral History, 2023","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDeloris Hicks is a former pupil of Campbell County and Evington Elementary Schools. Deloris Hicks describes a typical day attending a former Rosenwald school, her family background and community efforts to restore the Rosenwald schools in Virginia. 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Original digital media, such as DVDs, cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.","Margaret Stephenson (1942-2014) was born in Richmond, Virginia to Lucille Long Bowles, originally of Severn, NC and later of Como, NC. After graduating from Highland Springs High School in Richmond, Virginia in 1960, she married E. Frank Stephenson, Jr. of Como, NC and attended Chowan College before earning her bachelor's degree in Mathematics from North Carolina State University. She subsequently earned a Masters degree in Architectural History from the University of Virginia. She also taught art at Chowan College and Paul D. Camp Community College and worked for the City of Raleigh's Planning Department and the Virginia Department of Transportation's Environmental Division.","As an architectural historian, Professor Stephenson collected historical information about the Nansemond County Training School, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 in (Holland) Suffolk, Virginia. Constructed in 1924, it was the first public high school for African American students in Nansemond County and was one of the schools that received start up money from the Julius Rosenwald fund ($1,500). It was also funded by African American families ($5,000), and $11,500 in public money.","Booker T. Washington encouraged Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) an American businessman, philanthropist, and part owner of Sears and Roebuck Company to address the poor state of African American education in the Southern United States, which suffered from inadequate buildings and teaching materials.  After meeting Washington in 1911, Rosenwald incorporated the Julius Rosenwald Fund in 1917. By the time the program ended in 1932, it had produced nearly 5,000 schools, 217 teachers' houses and 163 shop buildings for the education of Black students in the rural South. The documentation in the National Register of Historic Places states that the \"Nansemond County Training School is an excellent example of rural southern school architecture. The combination of public and private money and monies from the Julius Rosenwald Fund show how strongly the community wanted to be able to educate its African American population in a modern school building.\"","The Nansemond County Training School grew out of the Little Fork School located on the estate of William Jackson Copeland who had the vision to provide a building site to meet the educational and cultural needs of African American children of the day. The original school was destroyed by fire with its replacement being built in 1924 and becoming known as the Nansemond County Training School.","The building, with seven classrooms and one auditorium, contained an elementary and secondary school, was one of ten Rosenwald schools in Suffolk, Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were known for their standardized floor plans which were designed to let sunlight into the classrooms in the afternoon to save money on electricity and heating. Hannibal E. Howell was its first principal from 1919 to 1961, serving for 42 years. In 1964, the name was changed to Southwestern High School and after the racial integration of county schools, became Southwestern Intermediate School. Today it is called Southwestern Elementary School and is located next to the Nansemond County Training School which is currently used for storage.(East Suffolk High School was also a Rosenwald school for Black students (1926-1965)","Sources\nSpeidell, Phyllis, \"Raising Funds to Restore Historic School into Heritage Center\" Pilotonline.com. The Virginia Pilot. January 10, 2008.\nhttps://www.pilotonline.com/news/article_cec46b96-ce08-5a9c-9b70-8ae452cb5921.html","Staff reports. \"School Celebrates Reunion\" Suffolk-News Herald. July 27, 2015.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/07/27/school-celebrates-reunion/","\"Nansemond County High School\". Wikipedia. Accessed 6/14/22\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansemond_County_Training_School","\"Suffolk Scrapbook\" Mae Burke regarding the Nansemond County Training School\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozt2F3HICus","Agnew, Tracy. \"Four Rosenwald Schools Stand in Suffolk\" Suffolk-News Herald. March 1, 2010.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2010/03/01/four-rosenwald-schools-stand-in-suffolk/","(Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10246018\nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service\nNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGJSTRATION FORM .\nhttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/133-5065_Nansemond_County_Training_School_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf","This collection contains Margaret Stephenson's research materials on the Nansemond County Training School (NCTS), a historic Rosenwald School for African-American students first constructed in 1924 in Suffolk, Virginia.","The materials include historical files and pictures of the school and students, NCTS reunion day event materials and registration forms, newspaper clippings about the history and preservation of the school; and information on \"Strength Through Our Roots\", a documentary that presents a first-hand historical record of the life of African Americans in Nansemond County Training School from 1924 to 1970.The Alumni Association of the school created the documentary \"to encourage an appreciation and knowledge of their heritage, where diverse groups, young and old, learn the culture and experiences of their ancestors, and enrich the quality of life for future generations\" (From a broadside introducing the film)","The collection contains a copy of the documentary film, \"Strength Through Our Roots\", by Jochen Künstler and Caroline Stephenson. https://vimeo.com/106415243","No reproductions can be made of photocopies from other institutions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Nansemond County Training School","Stephenson, Margaret","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School, 2000/2014, bulk 2013/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School, 2000/2014, bulk 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Feet One half-width letter-size document box","1 items 1 DVD"],"extent_tesim":[".2 Cubic Feet One half-width letter-size document box","1 items 1 DVD"],"physfacet_tesim":["two letter size folders"],"date_range_isim":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.The collection contains 1 DVD. Original digital media, such as DVDs, cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use.The collection contains 1 DVD. Original digital media, such as DVDs, cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMargaret Stephenson (1942-2014) was born in Richmond, Virginia to Lucille Long Bowles, originally of Severn, NC and later of Como, NC. After graduating from Highland Springs High School in Richmond, Virginia in 1960, she married E. Frank Stephenson, Jr. of Como, NC and attended Chowan College before earning her bachelor's degree in Mathematics from North Carolina State University. She subsequently earned a Masters degree in Architectural History from the University of Virginia. She also taught art at Chowan College and Paul D. Camp Community College and worked for the City of Raleigh's Planning Department and the Virginia Department of Transportation's Environmental Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an architectural historian, Professor Stephenson collected historical information about the Nansemond County Training School, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 in (Holland) Suffolk, Virginia. Constructed in 1924, it was the first public high school for African American students in Nansemond County and was one of the schools that received start up money from the Julius Rosenwald fund ($1,500). It was also funded by African American families ($5,000), and $11,500 in public money.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooker T. Washington encouraged Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) an American businessman, philanthropist, and part owner of Sears and Roebuck Company to address the poor state of African American education in the Southern United States, which suffered from inadequate buildings and teaching materials.  After meeting Washington in 1911, Rosenwald incorporated the Julius Rosenwald Fund in 1917. By the time the program ended in 1932, it had produced nearly 5,000 schools, 217 teachers' houses and 163 shop buildings for the education of Black students in the rural South. The documentation in the National Register of Historic Places states that the \"Nansemond County Training School is an excellent example of rural southern school architecture. The combination of public and private money and monies from the Julius Rosenwald Fund show how strongly the community wanted to be able to educate its African American population in a modern school building.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Nansemond County Training School grew out of the Little Fork School located on the estate of William Jackson Copeland who had the vision to provide a building site to meet the educational and cultural needs of African American children of the day. The original school was destroyed by fire with its replacement being built in 1924 and becoming known as the Nansemond County Training School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe building, with seven classrooms and one auditorium, contained an elementary and secondary school, was one of ten Rosenwald schools in Suffolk, Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were known for their standardized floor plans which were designed to let sunlight into the classrooms in the afternoon to save money on electricity and heating. Hannibal E. Howell was its first principal from 1919 to 1961, serving for 42 years. In 1964, the name was changed to Southwestern High School and after the racial integration of county schools, became Southwestern Intermediate School. Today it is called Southwestern Elementary School and is located next to the Nansemond County Training School which is currently used for storage.(East Suffolk High School was also a Rosenwald school for Black students (1926-1965) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSources\nSpeidell, Phyllis, \"Raising Funds to Restore Historic School into Heritage Center\" Pilotonline.com. The Virginia Pilot. January 10, 2008.\nhttps://www.pilotonline.com/news/article_cec46b96-ce08-5a9c-9b70-8ae452cb5921.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff reports. \"School Celebrates Reunion\" Suffolk-News Herald. July 27, 2015.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/07/27/school-celebrates-reunion/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Nansemond County High School\". Wikipedia. Accessed 6/14/22\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansemond_County_Training_School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\"Suffolk Scrapbook\" Mae Burke regarding the Nansemond County Training School\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozt2F3HICus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgnew, Tracy. \"Four Rosenwald Schools Stand in Suffolk\" Suffolk-News Herald. March 1, 2010.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2010/03/01/four-rosenwald-schools-stand-in-suffolk/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10246018\nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service\nNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGJSTRATION FORM .\nhttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/133-5065_Nansemond_County_Training_School_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Margaret Stephenson (1942-2014) was born in Richmond, Virginia to Lucille Long Bowles, originally of Severn, NC and later of Como, NC. After graduating from Highland Springs High School in Richmond, Virginia in 1960, she married E. Frank Stephenson, Jr. of Como, NC and attended Chowan College before earning her bachelor's degree in Mathematics from North Carolina State University. She subsequently earned a Masters degree in Architectural History from the University of Virginia. She also taught art at Chowan College and Paul D. Camp Community College and worked for the City of Raleigh's Planning Department and the Virginia Department of Transportation's Environmental Division.","As an architectural historian, Professor Stephenson collected historical information about the Nansemond County Training School, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 in (Holland) Suffolk, Virginia. Constructed in 1924, it was the first public high school for African American students in Nansemond County and was one of the schools that received start up money from the Julius Rosenwald fund ($1,500). It was also funded by African American families ($5,000), and $11,500 in public money.","Booker T. Washington encouraged Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) an American businessman, philanthropist, and part owner of Sears and Roebuck Company to address the poor state of African American education in the Southern United States, which suffered from inadequate buildings and teaching materials.  After meeting Washington in 1911, Rosenwald incorporated the Julius Rosenwald Fund in 1917. By the time the program ended in 1932, it had produced nearly 5,000 schools, 217 teachers' houses and 163 shop buildings for the education of Black students in the rural South. The documentation in the National Register of Historic Places states that the \"Nansemond County Training School is an excellent example of rural southern school architecture. The combination of public and private money and monies from the Julius Rosenwald Fund show how strongly the community wanted to be able to educate its African American population in a modern school building.\"","The Nansemond County Training School grew out of the Little Fork School located on the estate of William Jackson Copeland who had the vision to provide a building site to meet the educational and cultural needs of African American children of the day. The original school was destroyed by fire with its replacement being built in 1924 and becoming known as the Nansemond County Training School.","The building, with seven classrooms and one auditorium, contained an elementary and secondary school, was one of ten Rosenwald schools in Suffolk, Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were known for their standardized floor plans which were designed to let sunlight into the classrooms in the afternoon to save money on electricity and heating. Hannibal E. Howell was its first principal from 1919 to 1961, serving for 42 years. In 1964, the name was changed to Southwestern High School and after the racial integration of county schools, became Southwestern Intermediate School. Today it is called Southwestern Elementary School and is located next to the Nansemond County Training School which is currently used for storage.(East Suffolk High School was also a Rosenwald school for Black students (1926-1965)","Sources\nSpeidell, Phyllis, \"Raising Funds to Restore Historic School into Heritage Center\" Pilotonline.com. The Virginia Pilot. January 10, 2008.\nhttps://www.pilotonline.com/news/article_cec46b96-ce08-5a9c-9b70-8ae452cb5921.html","Staff reports. \"School Celebrates Reunion\" Suffolk-News Herald. July 27, 2015.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/07/27/school-celebrates-reunion/","\"Nansemond County High School\". Wikipedia. Accessed 6/14/22\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansemond_County_Training_School","\"Suffolk Scrapbook\" Mae Burke regarding the Nansemond County Training School\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozt2F3HICus","Agnew, Tracy. \"Four Rosenwald Schools Stand in Suffolk\" Suffolk-News Herald. March 1, 2010.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2010/03/01/four-rosenwald-schools-stand-in-suffolk/","(Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10246018\nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service\nNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGJSTRATION FORM .\nhttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/133-5065_Nansemond_County_Training_School_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains Margaret Stephenson's research materials on the Nansemond County Training School (NCTS), a historic Rosenwald School for African-American students first constructed in 1924 in Suffolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include historical files and pictures of the school and students, NCTS reunion day event materials and registration forms, newspaper clippings about the history and preservation of the school; and information on \"Strength Through Our Roots\", a documentary that presents a first-hand historical record of the life of African Americans in Nansemond County Training School from 1924 to 1970.The Alumni Association of the school created the documentary \"to encourage an appreciation and knowledge of their heritage, where diverse groups, young and old, learn the culture and experiences of their ancestors, and enrich the quality of life for future generations\" (From a broadside introducing the film) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection contains a copy of the documentary film, \"Strength Through Our Roots\", by Jochen Künstler and Caroline Stephenson. https://vimeo.com/106415243\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains Margaret Stephenson's research materials on the Nansemond County Training School (NCTS), a historic Rosenwald School for African-American students first constructed in 1924 in Suffolk, Virginia.","The materials include historical files and pictures of the school and students, NCTS reunion day event materials and registration forms, newspaper clippings about the history and preservation of the school; and information on \"Strength Through Our Roots\", a documentary that presents a first-hand historical record of the life of African Americans in Nansemond County Training School from 1924 to 1970.The Alumni Association of the school created the documentary \"to encourage an appreciation and knowledge of their heritage, where diverse groups, young and old, learn the culture and experiences of their ancestors, and enrich the quality of life for future generations\" (From a broadside introducing the film)","The collection contains a copy of the documentary film, \"Strength Through Our Roots\", by Jochen Künstler and Caroline Stephenson. https://vimeo.com/106415243"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo reproductions can be made of photocopies from other institutions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["No reproductions can be made of photocopies from other institutions."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Nansemond County Training School"],"names_coll_ssim":["Nansemond County Training School"],"persname_ssim":["Stephenson, Margaret"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Nansemond County Training School","Stephenson, Margaret"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1368","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1368","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1368","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1368","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1368.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136019","title_filing_ssi":"Stephenson, Margaret collection on Nansemond County Training School","title_ssm":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School"],"title_tesim":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School"],"unitdate_ssm":["2000 - 2014","2013 - 2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2000 - 2014"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2013 - 2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2000/2014, bulk 2013/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School, 2000/2014, bulk 2013/2014"],"text":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School, 2000/2014, bulk 2013/2014","MSS 16683","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1368","Rosenwald schools","African American students","good","The collection is open for research use.The collection contains 1 DVD. Original digital media, such as DVDs, cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.","Margaret Stephenson (1942-2014) was born in Richmond, Virginia to Lucille Long Bowles, originally of Severn, NC and later of Como, NC. After graduating from Highland Springs High School in Richmond, Virginia in 1960, she married E. Frank Stephenson, Jr. of Como, NC and attended Chowan College before earning her bachelor's degree in Mathematics from North Carolina State University. She subsequently earned a Masters degree in Architectural History from the University of Virginia. She also taught art at Chowan College and Paul D. Camp Community College and worked for the City of Raleigh's Planning Department and the Virginia Department of Transportation's Environmental Division.","As an architectural historian, Professor Stephenson collected historical information about the Nansemond County Training School, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 in (Holland) Suffolk, Virginia. Constructed in 1924, it was the first public high school for African American students in Nansemond County and was one of the schools that received start up money from the Julius Rosenwald fund ($1,500). It was also funded by African American families ($5,000), and $11,500 in public money.","Booker T. Washington encouraged Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) an American businessman, philanthropist, and part owner of Sears and Roebuck Company to address the poor state of African American education in the Southern United States, which suffered from inadequate buildings and teaching materials.  After meeting Washington in 1911, Rosenwald incorporated the Julius Rosenwald Fund in 1917. By the time the program ended in 1932, it had produced nearly 5,000 schools, 217 teachers' houses and 163 shop buildings for the education of Black students in the rural South. The documentation in the National Register of Historic Places states that the \"Nansemond County Training School is an excellent example of rural southern school architecture. The combination of public and private money and monies from the Julius Rosenwald Fund show how strongly the community wanted to be able to educate its African American population in a modern school building.\"","The Nansemond County Training School grew out of the Little Fork School located on the estate of William Jackson Copeland who had the vision to provide a building site to meet the educational and cultural needs of African American children of the day. The original school was destroyed by fire with its replacement being built in 1924 and becoming known as the Nansemond County Training School.","The building, with seven classrooms and one auditorium, contained an elementary and secondary school, was one of ten Rosenwald schools in Suffolk, Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were known for their standardized floor plans which were designed to let sunlight into the classrooms in the afternoon to save money on electricity and heating. Hannibal E. Howell was its first principal from 1919 to 1961, serving for 42 years. In 1964, the name was changed to Southwestern High School and after the racial integration of county schools, became Southwestern Intermediate School. Today it is called Southwestern Elementary School and is located next to the Nansemond County Training School which is currently used for storage.(East Suffolk High School was also a Rosenwald school for Black students (1926-1965)","Sources\nSpeidell, Phyllis, \"Raising Funds to Restore Historic School into Heritage Center\" Pilotonline.com. The Virginia Pilot. January 10, 2008.\nhttps://www.pilotonline.com/news/article_cec46b96-ce08-5a9c-9b70-8ae452cb5921.html","Staff reports. \"School Celebrates Reunion\" Suffolk-News Herald. July 27, 2015.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/07/27/school-celebrates-reunion/","\"Nansemond County High School\". Wikipedia. Accessed 6/14/22\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansemond_County_Training_School","\"Suffolk Scrapbook\" Mae Burke regarding the Nansemond County Training School\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozt2F3HICus","Agnew, Tracy. \"Four Rosenwald Schools Stand in Suffolk\" Suffolk-News Herald. March 1, 2010.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2010/03/01/four-rosenwald-schools-stand-in-suffolk/","(Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10246018\nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service\nNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGJSTRATION FORM .\nhttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/133-5065_Nansemond_County_Training_School_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf","This collection contains Margaret Stephenson's research materials on the Nansemond County Training School (NCTS), a historic Rosenwald School for African-American students first constructed in 1924 in Suffolk, Virginia.","The materials include historical files and pictures of the school and students, NCTS reunion day event materials and registration forms, newspaper clippings about the history and preservation of the school; and information on \"Strength Through Our Roots\", a documentary that presents a first-hand historical record of the life of African Americans in Nansemond County Training School from 1924 to 1970.The Alumni Association of the school created the documentary \"to encourage an appreciation and knowledge of their heritage, where diverse groups, young and old, learn the culture and experiences of their ancestors, and enrich the quality of life for future generations\" (From a broadside introducing the film)","The collection contains a copy of the documentary film, \"Strength Through Our Roots\", by Jochen Künstler and Caroline Stephenson. https://vimeo.com/106415243","No reproductions can be made of photocopies from other institutions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Nansemond County Training School","Stephenson, Margaret","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School, 2000/2014, bulk 2013/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Margaret Stephenson collection on Nansemond County Training School, 2000/2014, bulk 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Feet One half-width letter-size document box","1 items 1 DVD"],"extent_tesim":[".2 Cubic Feet One half-width letter-size document box","1 items 1 DVD"],"physfacet_tesim":["two letter size folders"],"date_range_isim":[2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.The collection contains 1 DVD. Original digital media, such as DVDs, cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use.The collection contains 1 DVD. Original digital media, such as DVDs, cannot be handled directly by patrons. Appointments must be made in advance to request these items held by Special Collections. In most cases, materials must be reformatted before they can be accessed, sometimes at the researcher's expense. Please use our online reference request form (https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request) to request access to these materials or to ask for further information or to schedule access to audio-visual materials."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMargaret Stephenson (1942-2014) was born in Richmond, Virginia to Lucille Long Bowles, originally of Severn, NC and later of Como, NC. After graduating from Highland Springs High School in Richmond, Virginia in 1960, she married E. Frank Stephenson, Jr. of Como, NC and attended Chowan College before earning her bachelor's degree in Mathematics from North Carolina State University. She subsequently earned a Masters degree in Architectural History from the University of Virginia. She also taught art at Chowan College and Paul D. Camp Community College and worked for the City of Raleigh's Planning Department and the Virginia Department of Transportation's Environmental Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs an architectural historian, Professor Stephenson collected historical information about the Nansemond County Training School, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 in (Holland) Suffolk, Virginia. Constructed in 1924, it was the first public high school for African American students in Nansemond County and was one of the schools that received start up money from the Julius Rosenwald fund ($1,500). It was also funded by African American families ($5,000), and $11,500 in public money.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooker T. Washington encouraged Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) an American businessman, philanthropist, and part owner of Sears and Roebuck Company to address the poor state of African American education in the Southern United States, which suffered from inadequate buildings and teaching materials.  After meeting Washington in 1911, Rosenwald incorporated the Julius Rosenwald Fund in 1917. By the time the program ended in 1932, it had produced nearly 5,000 schools, 217 teachers' houses and 163 shop buildings for the education of Black students in the rural South. The documentation in the National Register of Historic Places states that the \"Nansemond County Training School is an excellent example of rural southern school architecture. The combination of public and private money and monies from the Julius Rosenwald Fund show how strongly the community wanted to be able to educate its African American population in a modern school building.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Nansemond County Training School grew out of the Little Fork School located on the estate of William Jackson Copeland who had the vision to provide a building site to meet the educational and cultural needs of African American children of the day. The original school was destroyed by fire with its replacement being built in 1924 and becoming known as the Nansemond County Training School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe building, with seven classrooms and one auditorium, contained an elementary and secondary school, was one of ten Rosenwald schools in Suffolk, Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were known for their standardized floor plans which were designed to let sunlight into the classrooms in the afternoon to save money on electricity and heating. Hannibal E. Howell was its first principal from 1919 to 1961, serving for 42 years. In 1964, the name was changed to Southwestern High School and after the racial integration of county schools, became Southwestern Intermediate School. Today it is called Southwestern Elementary School and is located next to the Nansemond County Training School which is currently used for storage.(East Suffolk High School was also a Rosenwald school for Black students (1926-1965) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSources\nSpeidell, Phyllis, \"Raising Funds to Restore Historic School into Heritage Center\" Pilotonline.com. The Virginia Pilot. January 10, 2008.\nhttps://www.pilotonline.com/news/article_cec46b96-ce08-5a9c-9b70-8ae452cb5921.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff reports. \"School Celebrates Reunion\" Suffolk-News Herald. July 27, 2015.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/07/27/school-celebrates-reunion/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Nansemond County High School\". Wikipedia. Accessed 6/14/22\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansemond_County_Training_School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\"Suffolk Scrapbook\" Mae Burke regarding the Nansemond County Training School\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozt2F3HICus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgnew, Tracy. \"Four Rosenwald Schools Stand in Suffolk\" Suffolk-News Herald. March 1, 2010.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2010/03/01/four-rosenwald-schools-stand-in-suffolk/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10246018\nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service\nNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGJSTRATION FORM .\nhttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/133-5065_Nansemond_County_Training_School_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Margaret Stephenson (1942-2014) was born in Richmond, Virginia to Lucille Long Bowles, originally of Severn, NC and later of Como, NC. After graduating from Highland Springs High School in Richmond, Virginia in 1960, she married E. Frank Stephenson, Jr. of Como, NC and attended Chowan College before earning her bachelor's degree in Mathematics from North Carolina State University. She subsequently earned a Masters degree in Architectural History from the University of Virginia. She also taught art at Chowan College and Paul D. Camp Community College and worked for the City of Raleigh's Planning Department and the Virginia Department of Transportation's Environmental Division.","As an architectural historian, Professor Stephenson collected historical information about the Nansemond County Training School, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 in (Holland) Suffolk, Virginia. Constructed in 1924, it was the first public high school for African American students in Nansemond County and was one of the schools that received start up money from the Julius Rosenwald fund ($1,500). It was also funded by African American families ($5,000), and $11,500 in public money.","Booker T. Washington encouraged Julius Rosenwald (1862-1932) an American businessman, philanthropist, and part owner of Sears and Roebuck Company to address the poor state of African American education in the Southern United States, which suffered from inadequate buildings and teaching materials.  After meeting Washington in 1911, Rosenwald incorporated the Julius Rosenwald Fund in 1917. By the time the program ended in 1932, it had produced nearly 5,000 schools, 217 teachers' houses and 163 shop buildings for the education of Black students in the rural South. The documentation in the National Register of Historic Places states that the \"Nansemond County Training School is an excellent example of rural southern school architecture. The combination of public and private money and monies from the Julius Rosenwald Fund show how strongly the community wanted to be able to educate its African American population in a modern school building.\"","The Nansemond County Training School grew out of the Little Fork School located on the estate of William Jackson Copeland who had the vision to provide a building site to meet the educational and cultural needs of African American children of the day. The original school was destroyed by fire with its replacement being built in 1924 and becoming known as the Nansemond County Training School.","The building, with seven classrooms and one auditorium, contained an elementary and secondary school, was one of ten Rosenwald schools in Suffolk, Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were known for their standardized floor plans which were designed to let sunlight into the classrooms in the afternoon to save money on electricity and heating. Hannibal E. Howell was its first principal from 1919 to 1961, serving for 42 years. In 1964, the name was changed to Southwestern High School and after the racial integration of county schools, became Southwestern Intermediate School. Today it is called Southwestern Elementary School and is located next to the Nansemond County Training School which is currently used for storage.(East Suffolk High School was also a Rosenwald school for Black students (1926-1965)","Sources\nSpeidell, Phyllis, \"Raising Funds to Restore Historic School into Heritage Center\" Pilotonline.com. The Virginia Pilot. January 10, 2008.\nhttps://www.pilotonline.com/news/article_cec46b96-ce08-5a9c-9b70-8ae452cb5921.html","Staff reports. \"School Celebrates Reunion\" Suffolk-News Herald. July 27, 2015.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2015/07/27/school-celebrates-reunion/","\"Nansemond County High School\". Wikipedia. Accessed 6/14/22\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansemond_County_Training_School","\"Suffolk Scrapbook\" Mae Burke regarding the Nansemond County Training School\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozt2F3HICus","Agnew, Tracy. \"Four Rosenwald Schools Stand in Suffolk\" Suffolk-News Herald. March 1, 2010.\nhttps://www.suffolknewsherald.com/2010/03/01/four-rosenwald-schools-stand-in-suffolk/","(Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10246018\nUnited States Department of the Interior National Park Service\nNATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGJSTRATION FORM .\nhttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/VLR_to_transfer/PDFNoms/133-5065_Nansemond_County_Training_School_2004_Final_Nomination.pdf"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains Margaret Stephenson's research materials on the Nansemond County Training School (NCTS), a historic Rosenwald School for African-American students first constructed in 1924 in Suffolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include historical files and pictures of the school and students, NCTS reunion day event materials and registration forms, newspaper clippings about the history and preservation of the school; and information on \"Strength Through Our Roots\", a documentary that presents a first-hand historical record of the life of African Americans in Nansemond County Training School from 1924 to 1970.The Alumni Association of the school created the documentary \"to encourage an appreciation and knowledge of their heritage, where diverse groups, young and old, learn the culture and experiences of their ancestors, and enrich the quality of life for future generations\" (From a broadside introducing the film) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection contains a copy of the documentary film, \"Strength Through Our Roots\", by Jochen Künstler and Caroline Stephenson. https://vimeo.com/106415243\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains Margaret Stephenson's research materials on the Nansemond County Training School (NCTS), a historic Rosenwald School for African-American students first constructed in 1924 in Suffolk, Virginia.","The materials include historical files and pictures of the school and students, NCTS reunion day event materials and registration forms, newspaper clippings about the history and preservation of the school; and information on \"Strength Through Our Roots\", a documentary that presents a first-hand historical record of the life of African Americans in Nansemond County Training School from 1924 to 1970.The Alumni Association of the school created the documentary \"to encourage an appreciation and knowledge of their heritage, where diverse groups, young and old, learn the culture and experiences of their ancestors, and enrich the quality of life for future generations\" (From a broadside introducing the film)","The collection contains a copy of the documentary film, \"Strength Through Our Roots\", by Jochen Künstler and Caroline Stephenson. https://vimeo.com/106415243"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo reproductions can be made of photocopies from other institutions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["No reproductions can be made of photocopies from other institutions."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Nansemond County Training School"],"names_coll_ssim":["Nansemond County Training School"],"persname_ssim":["Stephenson, Margaret"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Nansemond County Training School","Stephenson, Margaret"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1368"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History, 2023","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eGeraldine Pettigrew is a former pupil of the Campbell County Elementary School, a former Rosenwald school. Geraldine Pettigrew recounts her experiences attending the Campbell County Elementary School in Rustberg Virginia during segregation. The Rosenwald School were created by Booker T. Washington and funded by Julius Rosenwald. Together they built over 4900 schools across the south to provide an education for black children. Geraldine Pettigrew describes what a typical day was like attending the former Rosenwald School and the community response, and also her thoughts on the future hopes for the site.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","parent_ssim":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_9823"],"title_filing_ssi":"Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History","title_ssm":["Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History"],"title_tesim":["Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History, 2023"],"text":["Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History, 2023","Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024","African Americans--Education--Virginia","Rosenwald schools","African Americans -- Segregation","African Americans--History--20th century","Geraldine Pettigrew is a former pupil of the Campbell County Elementary School, a former Rosenwald school. Geraldine Pettigrew recounts her experiences attending the Campbell County Elementary School in Rustberg Virginia during segregation. The Rosenwald School were created by Booker T. Washington and funded by Julius Rosenwald. Together they built over 4900 schools across the south to provide an education for black children. Geraldine Pettigrew describes what a typical day was like attending the former Rosenwald School and the community response, and also her thoughts on the future hopes for the site."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2023"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2023 December 19"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":19,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Education--Virginia","Rosenwald schools","African Americans -- Segregation","African Americans--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Education--Virginia","Rosenwald schools","African Americans -- Segregation","African Americans--History--20th century"],"date_range_isim":[2023],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeraldine Pettigrew is a former pupil of the Campbell County Elementary School, a former Rosenwald school. Geraldine Pettigrew recounts her experiences attending the Campbell County Elementary School in Rustberg Virginia during segregation. The Rosenwald School were created by Booker T. Washington and funded by Julius Rosenwald. Together they built over 4900 schools across the south to provide an education for black children. Geraldine Pettigrew describes what a typical day was like attending the former Rosenwald School and the community response, and also her thoughts on the future hopes for the site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Geraldine Pettigrew is a former pupil of the Campbell County Elementary School, a former Rosenwald school. Geraldine Pettigrew recounts her experiences attending the Campbell County Elementary School in Rustberg Virginia during segregation. The Rosenwald School were created by Booker T. Washington and funded by Julius Rosenwald. Together they built over 4900 schools across the south to provide an education for black children. Geraldine Pettigrew describes what a typical day was like attending the former Rosenwald School and the community response, and also her thoughts on the future hopes for the site."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:53:26.715Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9823.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Rosenwald School Oral History Project","title_ssm":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project"],"title_tesim":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["2023-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2023-2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2023/2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"text":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024","MS 00396","/repositories/2/resources/9823","African Americans--Education--Virginia","Segregation","African Americans--History","College of William and Mary--History","Jews, American","Rosenwald schools","Collection is open to all researchers. 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Washington, and the 4,978 Schools that Changed America\" exhibit, which will be on display in the Virginia Museum of History \u0026 Culture from May 2024 until April 2025. The exhibit and the oral history project examine the legacy of Julius Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington co-creating schools in the American South to educate Black children otherwise exluded from the public school system due to segregation laws. The oral history project consists of interviews with former pupils of Rosenwald schools in Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"collection_ssim":["Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00396","/repositories/2/resources/9823"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00396","/repositories/2/resources/9823"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Education--Virginia","Segregation","African Americans--History","College of William and Mary--History","Jews, American","Rosenwald schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Education--Virginia","Segregation","African Americans--History","College of William and Mary--History","Jews, American","Rosenwald schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.55 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["3.55 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis oral history project accompanys and is used extensively for the \"A Better Life for Their Children: Julius Rosenwald, Booker T. 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The exhibit and the oral history project examine the legacy of Julius Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington co-creating schools in the American South to educate Black children otherwise exluded from the public school system due to segregation laws. The oral history project consists of interviews with former pupils of Rosenwald schools in Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":30,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:53:26.715Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9823_c07"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9823","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rosenwald School Oral History Project, 2023/2024","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9823#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis oral history project accompanys and is used extensively for the \"A Better Life for Their Children: Julius Rosenwald, Booker T. Washington, and the 4,978 Schools that Changed America\" exhibit, which will be on display in the Virginia Museum of History \u0026amp; Culture from May 2024 until April 2025. The exhibit and the oral history project examine the legacy of Julius Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington co-creating schools in the American South to educate Black children otherwise exluded from the public school system due to segregation laws. 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