{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8567#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8567#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8567#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8567.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernice E. Payne letters","title_ssm":["Bernice E. Payne letters"],"title_tesim":["Bernice E. Payne letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919"],"text":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919","MS 00297","/repositories/2/resources/8567","Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Quartermasters--United States","World War, 1914-1918--France","Racism","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia.","Letters addressed to his family reveal Payne's appreciation for his position and gratitude for not having to serve in an infantry battalion. While responsible for a group of all-African American soldiers, Payne writes in his letters that he mostly interacts with his fellow white officers and sergeants. This segregation of race and rank, is highlighted in the separate barracks and mess halls reserved solely for Payne and other white soldiers.","Following his time at Camp Hill, Payne is transferred to Termes, Ardennes, France. Letters from January 1919 onward describe his experiences in Europe, but the collection primarily consists of accounts of his training in Texas and Virginia. Occasionally, letters are supplemented by writings from someone else, perhaps his mother or sister, drafting replies to him or forwarding his letters to other relatives. Also included in this collection is an undated telegram, presumably from Europe, with neither a sender nor recipient name.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army","Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00297","/repositories/2/resources/8567"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00297","/repositories/2/resources/8567"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"creator_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army"],"creators_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","Quartermasters--United States","World War, 1914-1918--France","Racism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","Quartermasters--United States","World War, 1914-1918--France","Racism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half Hollinger box."],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half Hollinger box."],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William \u0026amp; Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBernice E. Payne letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Bernice E. Payne letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters addressed to his family reveal Payne's appreciation for his position and gratitude for not having to serve in an infantry battalion. While responsible for a group of all-African American soldiers, Payne writes in his letters that he mostly interacts with his fellow white officers and sergeants. This segregation of race and rank, is highlighted in the separate barracks and mess halls reserved solely for Payne and other white soldiers.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his time at Camp Hill, Payne is transferred to Termes, Ardennes, France. Letters from January 1919 onward describe his experiences in Europe, but the collection primarily consists of accounts of his training in Texas and Virginia. Occasionally, letters are supplemented by writings from someone else, perhaps his mother or sister, drafting replies to him or forwarding his letters to other relatives. Also included in this collection is an undated telegram, presumably from Europe, with neither a sender nor recipient name. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia.","Letters addressed to his family reveal Payne's appreciation for his position and gratitude for not having to serve in an infantry battalion. While responsible for a group of all-African American soldiers, Payne writes in his letters that he mostly interacts with his fellow white officers and sergeants. This segregation of race and rank, is highlighted in the separate barracks and mess halls reserved solely for Payne and other white soldiers.","Following his time at Camp Hill, Payne is transferred to Termes, Ardennes, France. Letters from January 1919 onward describe his experiences in Europe, but the collection primarily consists of accounts of his training in Texas and Virginia. Occasionally, letters are supplemented by writings from someone else, perhaps his mother or sister, drafting replies to him or forwarding his letters to other relatives. Also included in this collection is an undated telegram, presumably from Europe, with neither a sender nor recipient name."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army"],"persname_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army","Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:01.879Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8567.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernice E. Payne letters","title_ssm":["Bernice E. Payne letters"],"title_tesim":["Bernice E. Payne letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1919"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1919"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919"],"text":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919","MS 00297","/repositories/2/resources/8567","Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Quartermasters--United States","World War, 1914-1918--France","Racism","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia.","Letters addressed to his family reveal Payne's appreciation for his position and gratitude for not having to serve in an infantry battalion. While responsible for a group of all-African American soldiers, Payne writes in his letters that he mostly interacts with his fellow white officers and sergeants. This segregation of race and rank, is highlighted in the separate barracks and mess halls reserved solely for Payne and other white soldiers.","Following his time at Camp Hill, Payne is transferred to Termes, Ardennes, France. Letters from January 1919 onward describe his experiences in Europe, but the collection primarily consists of accounts of his training in Texas and Virginia. Occasionally, letters are supplemented by writings from someone else, perhaps his mother or sister, drafting replies to him or forwarding his letters to other relatives. Also included in this collection is an undated telegram, presumably from Europe, with neither a sender nor recipient name.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army","Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00297","/repositories/2/resources/8567"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00297","/repositories/2/resources/8567"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Newport News (Va.)","United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"creator_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army"],"creators_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","Quartermasters--United States","World War, 1914-1918--France","Racism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","Quartermasters--United States","World War, 1914-1918--France","Racism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half Hollinger box."],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half Hollinger box."],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William \u0026amp; Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William \u0026 Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBernice E. Payne letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Bernice E. Payne letters, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters addressed to his family reveal Payne's appreciation for his position and gratitude for not having to serve in an infantry battalion. While responsible for a group of all-African American soldiers, Payne writes in his letters that he mostly interacts with his fellow white officers and sergeants. This segregation of race and rank, is highlighted in the separate barracks and mess halls reserved solely for Payne and other white soldiers.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing his time at Camp Hill, Payne is transferred to Termes, Ardennes, France. Letters from January 1919 onward describe his experiences in Europe, but the collection primarily consists of accounts of his training in Texas and Virginia. Occasionally, letters are supplemented by writings from someone else, perhaps his mother or sister, drafting replies to him or forwarding his letters to other relatives. Also included in this collection is an undated telegram, presumably from Europe, with neither a sender nor recipient name. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters predominately from Bernice Edward Payne, of Roaring Springs, Texas, to his parents, Macon L. and Mattie S. Payne, and sister, Eunice Payne. Bernice Payne, a white man, served in the US Army during World War I. He began his initial training at Camp Travis, Texas as a private in the Quartermaster Corps. After successfully passing his examinations, Payne began to oversee the 322nd Labor Battalion Quartermaster Corps, an all-African American battalion. He was soon promoted to sergeant and was transferred along with the 322nd Labor Battalion to Camp Hill in Newport News, Virginia.","Letters addressed to his family reveal Payne's appreciation for his position and gratitude for not having to serve in an infantry battalion. While responsible for a group of all-African American soldiers, Payne writes in his letters that he mostly interacts with his fellow white officers and sergeants. This segregation of race and rank, is highlighted in the separate barracks and mess halls reserved solely for Payne and other white soldiers.","Following his time at Camp Hill, Payne is transferred to Termes, Ardennes, France. Letters from January 1919 onward describe his experiences in Europe, but the collection primarily consists of accounts of his training in Texas and Virginia. Occasionally, letters are supplemented by writings from someone else, perhaps his mother or sister, drafting replies to him or forwarding his letters to other relatives. Also included in this collection is an undated telegram, presumably from Europe, with neither a sender nor recipient name."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army"],"persname_ssim":["Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army","Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:01.879Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8567"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9140#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9140#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9140.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Student Protest collection","title_ssm":["Student Protest Collection"],"title_tesim":["Student Protest Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["2020-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2020-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2020/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023"],"text":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023","UA 387","/repositories/2/resources/9140","Demonstrations","Student protestors","Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","Racism","Protest and social movements","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests","Two flyers from a student protest at the February 6, 2020 Charter Day Event, \"Crucibles of Leadership - A Public Talk with Chancellor Robert M. Gates.\" They read: \"Robert Gates is a War Criminal, Robert Gates is Complicit in the Iran-Contra Affair\" with a picture of Gates in a mug shot style; and \"Robert Gates Has Blood on His Hands\" with a list of three \"War Crime Charges: Prosecuting a war of agression, bombing civilian populations, directed illegal kidnapping and torture.\"","Though the protest was not led by any specific William \u0026 Mary student group, W\u0026M Students United live-streamed the event on their Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/wmstudentsunited/videos/852887338519904/.","Used to protest Virginia Governor Glen Younkin's honorary degree at Charter Day 2022.","Initially used in a protest outside a Board of Visitors meeting in the Alumni house and then regularly at monthly Black Lives Matter unity marches on campus.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 387","/repositories/2/resources/9140"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 387","/repositories/2/resources/9140"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Demonstrations","Student protestors","Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","Racism","Protest and social movements"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Demonstrations","Student protestors","Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","Racism","Protest and social movements"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.02 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.02 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTwo flyers from a student protest at the February 6, 2020 Charter Day Event, \"Crucibles of Leadership - A Public Talk with Chancellor Robert M. Gates.\" They read: \"Robert Gates is a War Criminal, Robert Gates is Complicit in the Iran-Contra Affair\" with a picture of Gates in a mug shot style; and \"Robert Gates Has Blood on His Hands\" with a list of three \"War Crime Charges: Prosecuting a war of agression, bombing civilian populations, directed illegal kidnapping and torture.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThough the protest was not led by any specific William \u0026amp; Mary student group, W\u0026amp;M Students United live-streamed the event on their Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/wmstudentsunited/videos/852887338519904/. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUsed to protest Virginia Governor Glen Younkin's honorary degree at Charter Day 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitially used in a protest outside a Board of Visitors meeting in the Alumni house and then regularly at monthly Black Lives Matter unity marches on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests","Two flyers from a student protest at the February 6, 2020 Charter Day Event, \"Crucibles of Leadership - A Public Talk with Chancellor Robert M. Gates.\" They read: \"Robert Gates is a War Criminal, Robert Gates is Complicit in the Iran-Contra Affair\" with a picture of Gates in a mug shot style; and \"Robert Gates Has Blood on His Hands\" with a list of three \"War Crime Charges: Prosecuting a war of agression, bombing civilian populations, directed illegal kidnapping and torture.\"","Though the protest was not led by any specific William \u0026 Mary student group, W\u0026M Students United live-streamed the event on their Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/wmstudentsunited/videos/852887338519904/.","Used to protest Virginia Governor Glen Younkin's honorary degree at Charter Day 2022.","Initially used in a protest outside a Board of Visitors meeting in the Alumni house and then regularly at monthly Black Lives Matter unity marches on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:32.028Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9140.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Student Protest collection","title_ssm":["Student Protest Collection"],"title_tesim":["Student Protest Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["2020-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2020-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2020/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023"],"text":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023","UA 387","/repositories/2/resources/9140","Demonstrations","Student protestors","Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","Racism","Protest and social movements","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests","Two flyers from a student protest at the February 6, 2020 Charter Day Event, \"Crucibles of Leadership - A Public Talk with Chancellor Robert M. Gates.\" They read: \"Robert Gates is a War Criminal, Robert Gates is Complicit in the Iran-Contra Affair\" with a picture of Gates in a mug shot style; and \"Robert Gates Has Blood on His Hands\" with a list of three \"War Crime Charges: Prosecuting a war of agression, bombing civilian populations, directed illegal kidnapping and torture.\"","Though the protest was not led by any specific William \u0026 Mary student group, W\u0026M Students United live-streamed the event on their Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/wmstudentsunited/videos/852887338519904/.","Used to protest Virginia Governor Glen Younkin's honorary degree at Charter Day 2022.","Initially used in a protest outside a Board of Visitors meeting in the Alumni house and then regularly at monthly Black Lives Matter unity marches on campus.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 387","/repositories/2/resources/9140"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 387","/repositories/2/resources/9140"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Demonstrations","Student protestors","Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","Racism","Protest and social movements"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Demonstrations","Student protestors","Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","Racism","Protest and social movements"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.02 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.02 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTwo flyers from a student protest at the February 6, 2020 Charter Day Event, \"Crucibles of Leadership - A Public Talk with Chancellor Robert M. Gates.\" They read: \"Robert Gates is a War Criminal, Robert Gates is Complicit in the Iran-Contra Affair\" with a picture of Gates in a mug shot style; and \"Robert Gates Has Blood on His Hands\" with a list of three \"War Crime Charges: Prosecuting a war of agression, bombing civilian populations, directed illegal kidnapping and torture.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThough the protest was not led by any specific William \u0026amp; Mary student group, W\u0026amp;M Students United live-streamed the event on their Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/wmstudentsunited/videos/852887338519904/. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUsed to protest Virginia Governor Glen Younkin's honorary degree at Charter Day 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitially used in a protest outside a Board of Visitors meeting in the Alumni house and then regularly at monthly Black Lives Matter unity marches on campus.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains materials related to on-campus student-led protests","Two flyers from a student protest at the February 6, 2020 Charter Day Event, \"Crucibles of Leadership - A Public Talk with Chancellor Robert M. Gates.\" They read: \"Robert Gates is a War Criminal, Robert Gates is Complicit in the Iran-Contra Affair\" with a picture of Gates in a mug shot style; and \"Robert Gates Has Blood on His Hands\" with a list of three \"War Crime Charges: Prosecuting a war of agression, bombing civilian populations, directed illegal kidnapping and torture.\"","Though the protest was not led by any specific William \u0026 Mary student group, W\u0026M Students United live-streamed the event on their Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/wmstudentsunited/videos/852887338519904/.","Used to protest Virginia Governor Glen Younkin's honorary degree at Charter Day 2022.","Initially used in a protest outside a Board of Visitors meeting in the Alumni house and then regularly at monthly Black Lives Matter unity marches on campus."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:32.028Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9140"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9570#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContent warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9570#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9570.xml","title_filing_ssi":"United Klans of America Collection","title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection"],"title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975"],"text":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975","SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570","16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.","The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.","Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes.","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975"],"collection_ssim":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Francis Randolph Howard Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 Folder"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["United Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes.","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:49:58.131Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9570.xml","title_filing_ssi":"United Klans of America Collection","title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection"],"title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975"],"text":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975","SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570","16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.","The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.","Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes.","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975"],"collection_ssim":["United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Francis Randolph Howard Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 Folder"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["United Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes.","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:49:58.131Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9570"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":3},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919","value":"Bernice E. Payne letters, 1918/1919","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bernice+E.+Payne+letters%2C+1918%2F1919\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023","value":"Student Protest Collection, 2020/2023","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Student+Protest+Collection%2C+2020%2F2023\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975","value":"United Klans of America collection, 1971/1975","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=United+Klans+of+America+collection%2C+1971%2F1975\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1918","value":"1918","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1918\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1919","value":"1919","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1919\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1971","value":"1971","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1972","value":"1972","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1973","value":"1973","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1973\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1974","value":"1974","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1975","value":"1975","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2020","value":"2020","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2020\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2021","value":"2021","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2021\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2022","value":"2022","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2022\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2023","value":"2023","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2023\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","value":"Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Payne%2C+Bernice+E.+%28Bernice+Edward%29\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","value":"Payne, Bernice E. (Bernice Edward)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Payne%2C+Bernice+E.+%28Bernice+Edward%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Special Collections Research Center","value":"Special Collections Research Center","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States. Army","value":"United States. Army","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=United+States.+Army\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Newport News (Va.)","value":"Newport News (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Newport+News+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century","value":"United States--Armed Forces--African Americans--History--20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States--Armed+Forces--African+Americans--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","value":"16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=16th+Street+Baptist+Church+Bombing%2C+Birmingham%2C+Ala.%2C+1963\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans","value":"African Americans","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Communism--United States","value":"Communism--United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Communism--United+States\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Demonstrations","value":"Demonstrations","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Demonstrations\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","value":"Iran-Contra Affair, 1985-1990","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Iran-Contra+Affair%2C+1985-1990\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Lynching--United States--History","value":"Lynching--United States--History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lynching--United+States--History\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Protest and social movements","value":"Protest and social movements","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Protest+and+social+movements\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Quartermasters--United States","value":"Quartermasters--United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Quartermasters--United+States\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Race discrimination","value":"Race discrimination","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+discrimination\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Race relations--United States--History--20th century","value":"Race relations--United States--History--20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Racism","value":"Racism","hits":3},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":3},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}