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VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Clifford Chambliss III Artist Archives (VA-09). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor.\" The poster is a two-sided cardboard sign handwritten by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo-sided cardboard poster handwritten by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor.\" The poster is a two-sided cardboard sign handwritten by the artist.","Two-sided cardboard poster handwritten by the artist."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. 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Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5f6e27352dfd519c7d32f032ceddae87\"\u003eThe collection consists of artist Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor,\" created in response to the killing of unarmed African American George Floyd in 2020.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of artist Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor,\" created in response to the killing of unarmed African American George Floyd in 2020."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:08:19.599Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_467","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_467","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_467","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_467","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_467.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Chambliss, III, Clifford (VA-09)","title_ssm":["Clifford Chambliss III Poster Collection (VA-09)"],"title_tesim":["Clifford Chambliss III Poster Collection (VA-09)"],"unitdate_ssm":["June 2020"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["June 2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-09","/repositories/2/resources/467"],"text":["VA-09","/repositories/2/resources/467","Clifford Chambliss III Poster Collection (VA-09)","Political art","Protest movements","Posters","The collection is open for research.","A native of Richmond, Clifford Chambliss III, comes from a long line of civil rights activists, so it's understandable that he prefers the term patriots to protesters.","He attended Richmond Public Schools through the eighth grade, then Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for high school, where a photojournalism class had a strong impact, he says, teaching him to tell stories through images.","After attending Hampton University for college and grad school, he worked in marketing and advertising in Richmond before studying intellectual property law at the Catholic University of America. He currently works for the U.S. Copyright Office in Washington, but still lives in Richmond.","Chambliss has been involved in the local arts community since he was young, he says, first playing music then transitioning to visual arts with his photography in high school. In college, his work turned to apparel and sewing as well as screenprinting. His interest in Kehinde Wiley has been developing for years. He first became acquainted with the \"Rumors of War\" painting series during a retrospective show of Wiley's work at VMFA in 2016. He says that he photographed the \"Rumors of War\" statue in New York before it was moved to Richmond, where he shot the local unveiling.","Chambliss went out shirtless to protest June 3, 2020 to \"let his Black skin be a part of the sign,\" he says. He was hoping photographers and other artists would notice.","\"Coming from a family active in the civil rights movement, I knew I had to get out there and be a part of the peaceful protests,\" he recalls. \"I was thinking about themes of Richmond and thought of 'Rumors.' The war on police brutality, the war on Black lives, it all resonated that rumors of war wasn't a rumor.\"","However, he was shocked when his sign garnered worldwide exposure and he got requests for an interview from Agence France Presse. The image went everywhere from Canada and France to Kenya, he says, covered by ABC, NBC News and Forbes.","Source:  Style Weekly","The poster was purchased by the VMFA from the artist in July of 2020.","The collection consists of Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor.\" The poster is a two-sided cardboard sign handwritten by the artist.","Two-sided cardboard poster handwritten by the artist.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection consists of artist Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor,\" created in response to the killing of unarmed African American George Floyd in 2020.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020","English"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-09","/repositories/2/resources/467"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clifford Chambliss III Poster Collection (VA-09)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clifford Chambliss III Poster Collection (VA-09)"],"collection_ssim":["Clifford Chambliss III Poster Collection (VA-09)"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Chambliss, Clifford, III"],"creator_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Chambliss, Clifford, III"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Chambliss, Clifford, III"],"creators_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Chambliss, Clifford, III"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political art","Protest movements","Posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political art","Protest movements","Posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters"],"date_range_isim":[2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA native of Richmond, Clifford Chambliss III, comes from a long line of civil rights activists, so it's understandable that he prefers the term patriots to protesters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe attended Richmond Public Schools through the eighth grade, then Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for high school, where a photojournalism class had a strong impact, he says, teaching him to tell stories through images.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter attending Hampton University for college and grad school, he worked in marketing and advertising in Richmond before studying intellectual property law at the Catholic University of America. He currently works for the U.S. Copyright Office in Washington, but still lives in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChambliss has been involved in the local arts community since he was young, he says, first playing music then transitioning to visual arts with his photography in high school. In college, his work turned to apparel and sewing as well as screenprinting. His interest in Kehinde Wiley has been developing for years. He first became acquainted with the \"Rumors of War\" painting series during a retrospective show of Wiley's work at VMFA in 2016. He says that he photographed the \"Rumors of War\" statue in New York before it was moved to Richmond, where he shot the local unveiling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChambliss went out shirtless to protest June 3, 2020 to \"let his Black skin be a part of the sign,\" he says. He was hoping photographers and other artists would notice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Coming from a family active in the civil rights movement, I knew I had to get out there and be a part of the peaceful protests,\" he recalls. \"I was thinking about themes of Richmond and thought of 'Rumors.' The war on police brutality, the war on Black lives, it all resonated that rumors of war wasn't a rumor.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHowever, he was shocked when his sign garnered worldwide exposure and he got requests for an interview from Agence France Presse. The image went everywhere from Canada and France to Kenya, he says, covered by ABC, NBC News and Forbes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"https://www.styleweekly.com/richmond/artifacts-of-change/Content?oid=16374992\"\u003eStyle Weekly\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A native of Richmond, Clifford Chambliss III, comes from a long line of civil rights activists, so it's understandable that he prefers the term patriots to protesters.","He attended Richmond Public Schools through the eighth grade, then Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for high school, where a photojournalism class had a strong impact, he says, teaching him to tell stories through images.","After attending Hampton University for college and grad school, he worked in marketing and advertising in Richmond before studying intellectual property law at the Catholic University of America. He currently works for the U.S. Copyright Office in Washington, but still lives in Richmond.","Chambliss has been involved in the local arts community since he was young, he says, first playing music then transitioning to visual arts with his photography in high school. In college, his work turned to apparel and sewing as well as screenprinting. His interest in Kehinde Wiley has been developing for years. He first became acquainted with the \"Rumors of War\" painting series during a retrospective show of Wiley's work at VMFA in 2016. He says that he photographed the \"Rumors of War\" statue in New York before it was moved to Richmond, where he shot the local unveiling.","Chambliss went out shirtless to protest June 3, 2020 to \"let his Black skin be a part of the sign,\" he says. He was hoping photographers and other artists would notice.","\"Coming from a family active in the civil rights movement, I knew I had to get out there and be a part of the peaceful protests,\" he recalls. \"I was thinking about themes of Richmond and thought of 'Rumors.' The war on police brutality, the war on Black lives, it all resonated that rumors of war wasn't a rumor.\"","However, he was shocked when his sign garnered worldwide exposure and he got requests for an interview from Agence France Presse. The image went everywhere from Canada and France to Kenya, he says, covered by ABC, NBC News and Forbes.","Source:  Style Weekly"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe poster was purchased by the VMFA from the artist in July of 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The poster was purchased by the VMFA from the artist in July of 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClifford Chambliss III Artist Archives (VA-09). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Clifford Chambliss III Artist Archives (VA-09). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor.\" The poster is a two-sided cardboard sign handwritten by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo-sided cardboard poster handwritten by the artist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor.\" The poster is a two-sided cardboard sign handwritten by the artist.","Two-sided cardboard poster handwritten by the artist."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5f6e27352dfd519c7d32f032ceddae87\"\u003eThe collection consists of artist Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor,\" created in response to the killing of unarmed African American George Floyd in 2020.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of artist Clifford Chambliss III's poster, \"Rumors of War Wasn't a Rumor,\" created in response to the killing of unarmed African American George Floyd in 2020."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020"],"persname_ssim":["Chambliss, Clifford, III","Wiley, Kehinde, 1977-.","Floyd, George, 1973-2020"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:08:19.599Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_467"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"East German poster collection political series","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hill, Thomas","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_100.xml","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"text":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100","East German poster collection political series","Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990","War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters","Collection is open to research.","Arranged by subject and a numbering system.","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). ","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. ","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. ","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.","Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. ","The East German poster collection contains other series, including the  ,  ,  , and  .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the  \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. ","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.","There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas","German"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"geogname_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"creator_ssm":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"creators_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"places_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"access_terms_ssm":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by subject and a numbering system.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by subject and a numbering system."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). 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In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). ","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. ","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. ","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEast German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe East German poster collection contains other series, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"art exhibitions series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0207\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"performing arts series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0209\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"culture and science series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0206\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"film series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0208\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"East German Poster Database\" href=\"https://eastgermanposters.gmu.edu/s/eastgermanposters/page/home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The East German poster collection contains other series, including the  ,  ,  , and  .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the  \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. ","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_50193a910ed43d73e05db969381c2459\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_15279d1bf44e438ee1bde17f7abd7ea1\"\u003eMap Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR"],"persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"language_ssim":["German"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:12:15.885Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_100.xml","title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"text":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100","East German poster collection political series","Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990","War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters","Collection is open to research.","Arranged by subject and a numbering system.","On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). ","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. ","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. ","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.","Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. ","The East German poster collection contains other series, including the  ,  ,  , and  .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the  \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. ","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.","There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.","This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Hill, Thomas","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas","German"],"unitid_tesim":["C0169","/repositories/2/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_title_tesim":["East German poster collection political series"],"collection_ssim":["East German poster collection political series"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"geogname_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"creator_ssm":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"creators_ssim":["Hill, Thomas"],"places_ssim":["Germany (East) -- Politics and government","Germany -- History -- Unification, 1990","Germany -- History -- 1945-1990"],"access_terms_ssm":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["War posters -- Germany (East)","Protest movements","Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["652 posters"],"extent_tesim":["652 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Political posters -- Germany (East)","Posters","Political posters"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by subject and a numbering system.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by subject and a numbering system."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInitially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 7, 1949, following the partition of Germany at the end of World War II, the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) was formed under the governance of the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). The SED had been formed from two previous political parties, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) and the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD). In 1955, the Soviet Occupation Zone was officially declared to be a sovreign state. Under the SED, the infrastructure, industrial plants, and public property were all nationalized. Additionally, all political parties and mass organizations were controlled under an umbrella organization known as the Nationale Front (NF). ","Initially, the SED was led by Wilhelm Pieck, who served as the first an only president of the DDR from 1949 to 1960. After 1950, the actual power in the DDR was held by Walter Ulbricht, the First Secretary of the SED. During this beginning period of the DDR's history, the new state's economy was severely weakened by war reparations to the USSR. This problem was exacerbated by the heavy emigration to the West that was induced by the increased poverty caused by the war reparations. In response to the emigration problem, the DDR closed the Inner German border in the 1950s. On the night of August 12, 1961, East German soldiers began construction on the Berlin Wall. ","From 1949 until the 1970s, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) considered the DDR to be an illegally constituted state. It was only in 1971, under Chancellor Willy Brandt, that West Germany established normal relations with the DDR. That same year, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev deposed Walter Ulbricht as the DDR head of state. Ulbricht's policies were experimenting with liberal reform, so Ulbricht was replaced by Erich Honecker, who increased government controls on the population. ","In 1989, public outrage over local government elections led to large amounts of illegal emigration from the DDR. In August, Hungary unsealed its border and lifted restrictions, leading to over 13,000 people leaving the DDR to the West via Hungary. In October, public demonstrations led to Erich Honecker's resignation. His replacement, Egon Krenz, was slightly more moderate. On November 9, 1989, sections of the Berlin Wall were opened. The governing party of the DDR soon resigned and attempts to establish a democratic DDR were overwhelmed by calls for reunification with West Germany. Later that year, the 2 + 4 Talks were held between the two Germanys, France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the USSR. The five original East German states, which were abolished in 1952, were reestablished, and conditions for reunification were agreed upon. On October 3, 1990, the five East German states officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEast German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["East German poster collection political series, C0169, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Lauren Shutt and Sean Tennant in 2010. EAD markup completed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in July 2022 and October 2023.","Processing supported by a grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe East German poster collection contains other series, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"art exhibitions series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0207\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"performing arts series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0209\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"culture and science series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0206\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"film series\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0208\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"East German Poster Database\" href=\"https://eastgermanposters.gmu.edu/s/eastgermanposters/page/home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The East German poster collection contains other series, including the  ,  ,  , and  .","In 2021, GMU Professor Samuel Huneke led the completion of the  \n, a project funded by a Fenwick Fellowship. The posters from each of the East German poster collection series can be searched in this database."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCommon political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.","Common political figures present within the series are Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Ernst Thalmann, Rosa Luxemburg, and Karl Liebnecht. These people are generally depicted by portrait photographs or illustrations. The majority of the portrait posters are in commemoration of former political leaders and communist figures, although there are some that are campaign posters for contemporary politicians. The series also contains posters from political organizations such as the Feier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (FDGB), the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Solidaritatskomitee der DDR, and the Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Also contained in the series are posters expressing solidarity with various revolutionary movements around the world, mostly focusing on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The posters are associated with events such as the elections of 1990, the fall of the Berlin Wall, Soviet Seven Year agricultural plans, and the anniversaries of the births of noted communist figures. Graffiti from the Berlin Wall is also a popular subject. The majority of poster images are photographs with text, although there are also illustrations and some abstract art with political text. ","See the External Documents note for a poster inventory with brief descriptions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There may be restrictions on reproduction. Please contact the Special Collections Research Center for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_50193a910ed43d73e05db969381c2459\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This series contains posters relating to political persons, events, and organizations from the Deutsche Demokratische Republik. The series contains 652 posters of various sizes. The posters range in size from 99.5 x 69.5 cm to 40 x 29.25 cm. The average poster size is 57 x 81 cm."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_15279d1bf44e438ee1bde17f7abd7ea1\"\u003eMap Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 2.3-3.1, 10.5, 20.1-20.2"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). Volkskammer","Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft","Grünen (Political party)","Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland","National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Nationale Front der DDR","Neues Forum (Political party)","Republikaner (Political party)","Solidaritätskomitee der DDR","Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands","Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands","SPD der DDR","Luxemburg, Rosa, 1871-1919","Thälmann, Ernst, 1886-1944","Marx, Karl, 1818-1883","Liebknecht, Karl, 1871-1919","Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹich, 1870-1924","Grosser, Hubert, 1954-","Billhardt, Thomas"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vereinigte Linke (Organization)","Unabhängiger Frauenverband der DDR","Germany. Bundestag","Freie Deutsche Jugend","Demokratischer Aufbruch (Political party)","Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands (Germany : East)","Alternative Liste (Political party)","Germany (East). 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Lynch Vietnam War protest collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lynch, Edwin Williams, 1913-2004","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_36.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edwin W. Lynch Vietnam War protest collection","title_ssm":["Edwin W. Lynch Vietnam War protest collection"],"title_tesim":["Edwin W. Lynch Vietnam War protest collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0080","/repositories/2/resources/36"],"text":["C0080","/repositories/2/resources/36","Edwin W. Lynch Vietnam War protest collection","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","D.C.-Metro area","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Protest movements","Correspondence","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by alphabetically by subject.","Born in Annandale, Virginia, in 1913, Edwin Williams Lynch, a prominent Northern Virginia real estate businessman, served as Fairfax County delegate to the Virginia General Assembly from 1945 to 1947 and again from 1949 to 1954. For more than 50 years, Lynch participated in the George Mason University community. As a George Mason University Foundation trustee and an ICAR advisory board member and chairman, Lynch supported a framework of programs that have ensured a margin of excellence and distinction for ICAR. In 1987 Lynch endowed the first chair and an annual lecture series, in memory of his parents, Vernon and Minnie. The following year, he helped to establish the doctoral program, the first in the world. In 1996, Lynch and his wife, Helen, created the John W. Burton Endowment, named for one of ICAR's most distinguished professors. Lynch died in 2004.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in March 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in December 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections on the ","The collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971. "," The collection consists of a variety of materials relating to the Vietnam War including pamphlets, booklets, correspondence, posters, reprint articles, newspaper clippings, various antiwar publications, and the minutes of meetings of several antiwar groups. These items are arranged by subject heading in alphabetical order, and the material within the individual files is arranged in chronological order. Much of the information contained in the Collection relates to the activities of various groups that were formed to protest the American involvement in Vietnam, groups representing such disparate segments of the population as the clergy and business executives. While this information manages to give us a good view of the antiwar movement in the United States as both a local and a national phenomenon, the collection is particularly valuable for the information it provides on the work of local groups based in and concerned with the Washington D.C. area, including Northern Virginia. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aec2a0620d35152bdd4158b5cca20b0e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. 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For more than 50 years, Lynch participated in the George Mason University community. As a George Mason University Foundation trustee and an ICAR advisory board member and chairman, Lynch supported a framework of programs that have ensured a margin of excellence and distinction for ICAR. In 1987 Lynch endowed the first chair and an annual lecture series, in memory of his parents, Vernon and Minnie. The following year, he helped to establish the doctoral program, the first in the world. In 1996, Lynch and his wife, Helen, created the John W. Burton Endowment, named for one of ICAR's most distinguished professors. Lynch died in 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin W. Lynch Vietnam War protest collection, C0080, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edwin W. Lynch Vietnam War protest collection, C0080, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in March 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in December 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in March 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in December 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections on the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Vietnam War and its protest.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026amp;op%5B%5D=\u0026amp;q%5B%5D=vietnam+war\u0026amp;limit=\u0026amp;field%5B%5D=\u0026amp;from_year%5B%5D=\u0026amp;to_year%5B%5D=\u0026amp;commit=Search\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections on the "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The collection consists of a variety of materials relating to the Vietnam War including pamphlets, booklets, correspondence, posters, reprint articles, newspaper clippings, various antiwar publications, and the minutes of meetings of several antiwar groups. These items are arranged by subject heading in alphabetical order, and the material within the individual files is arranged in chronological order. Much of the information contained in the Collection relates to the activities of various groups that were formed to protest the American involvement in Vietnam, groups representing such disparate segments of the population as the clergy and business executives. While this information manages to give us a good view of the antiwar movement in the United States as both a local and a national phenomenon, the collection is particularly valuable for the information it provides on the work of local groups based in and concerned with the Washington D.C. area, including Northern Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971. "," The collection consists of a variety of materials relating to the Vietnam War including pamphlets, booklets, correspondence, posters, reprint articles, newspaper clippings, various antiwar publications, and the minutes of meetings of several antiwar groups. These items are arranged by subject heading in alphabetical order, and the material within the individual files is arranged in chronological order. Much of the information contained in the Collection relates to the activities of various groups that were formed to protest the American involvement in Vietnam, groups representing such disparate segments of the population as the clergy and business executives. While this information manages to give us a good view of the antiwar movement in the United States as both a local and a national phenomenon, the collection is particularly valuable for the information it provides on the work of local groups based in and concerned with the Washington D.C. area, including Northern Virginia. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aec2a0620d35152bdd4158b5cca20b0e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection provides information on the discontent and disillusionment which came to exist among some segments of the American people as a result of American military intervention in Southeast Asia. The collection covers the period of time ranging from 1965 to 1975, with the bulk of the material from the years 1967 to 1971."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3ff4c3dd312be9651ad3df7c67cdf631\"\u003e\nR 29, C 3, S 3-4\n\n\nOS R4, C4, S5 \n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["\nR 29, C 3, S 3-4\n\n\nOS R4, C4, S5 \n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lynch, Edwin Williams, 1913-2004"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lynch, Edwin Williams, 1913-2004"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":105,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:39:04.209Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_36"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"French Communist Party poster collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Parti communiste français","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French Communist Party poster collection","title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1945-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1945-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177"],"text":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177","French Communist Party poster collection","France -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Missing Title Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC) Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)","The French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.","Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the   that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. ","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. ","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.","Map Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177"],"normalized_title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_ssim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Parti communiste français"],"creator_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"creators_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"places_ssim":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1218 posters"],"extent_tesim":["1218 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters","Political posters"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Missing Title Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC) Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrench Communist Party poster collection, C0168, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection, C0168, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Francis J. McNamara papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the   that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. ","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. ","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dd4c030cc8b3e2ce4e8ba5cc668cd75b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42e069deeb9ae22cbc4b9fd54458e227\"\u003eMap Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":92,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:54:03.973Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_177.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French Communist Party poster collection","title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1945-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1945-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177"],"text":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177","French Communist Party poster collection","France -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Missing Title Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC) Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)","The French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.","Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the   that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. ","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. ","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.","Map Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0168","/repositories/2/resources/177"],"normalized_title_ssm":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"collection_ssim":["French Communist Party poster collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Parti communiste français"],"creator_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"creators_ssim":["Parti communiste français"],"places_ssim":["France -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Protest movements","Political posters, French","Social justice","Nuclear nonproliferation","Human rights","Posters","Political posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1218 posters"],"extent_tesim":["1218 posters"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters","Political posters"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into two series by subject with posters further organized into 11 subseries. Within each series, posters are arranged by size and chronologically.","Missing Title Series 1: Political posters, circa 1945-2008 (Box 1-5, Shelf 1-4,6, MC) Series 2: Social posters, 1950-2008 (Box 6, Shelf 5, MC)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The French Communist Party (PCF for short) emerged in 1921 out of the Section Francais de l'Internationale Communiste. The two parties fought for support; the PCF supported the many governments of France, but did not participate directly in politics until after World War II. The group took an active role in Charles de Gaulle's government starting in 1944. The PCF was critical of the Indochinese War and the Algerian War in the 1940s and 1950s. They opposed many of the referendums during the start of the Fifth Republic, to no avail. In 1956, Maurice Thorez became the party leader, a role he held until 1964 when Waldeck Rochet took over the party. The PCF ran a candidate in several presidential primaries, but never garnered enough support to continue to the second round of elections. In the 1970s, the PCF banded together with other parties of the left to create the programme commun; this alliance worked together to support Mitterand and also to make governmental changes that their constituents valued. Throughout its existence, the PCF supported the workers and farmers of France and fought for more social welfare programs, like higher minimum wages, better retirement conditions, better working conditions, and equal pay. The party also sought female support by celebrating women's issues and equal rights. The Party held Congresses every few years as party meetings to discuss and celebrate social issues. After President Mitterand's term in office, the party began to fracture and supporters disappeared. The end of communism and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 put an extra burden on the already hurting party; they did not dissolve or change their name, but they struggled for wide support like they once had. The party is still active today, with a Young Communiste movement popular amongst the younger generation, but they do not have the members like during their heyday."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrench Communist Party poster collection, C0168, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["French Communist Party poster collection, C0168, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Stacey Kniatt. EAD markup completed by Stacey Kniatt in February 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Francis J. McNamara papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the   that include many documents on communist parties in the United States and internationally."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Some of the earliest posters are from 1949 billboard campaign, which includes Pablo Picasso's peace dove poster, which he created for the PCF's World Committee of Peace Partisans' conference held in Paris in the spring of 1949. The posters follow party propaganda through their many electoral campaigns and changing platforms into the 21st century; topics include candidates, social welfare programs, financial issues, lodging, a union of the left, peace, human rights, civil rights, environment, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements. Posters also celebrate important dates, promote the party's publications and advertise party events. Specific topics include women, fete de l'humanite, communists' births and deaths, protests, book releases, and the newspaper l'Humanite.","Series 1: Political Posters contains posters that describe the party's position, call for peace, promote the Union of the Left, support French production and are by Young Communist groups. ","Series 2: Social Posters contains posters that celebrate important anniversaries, advertise for meetings, promote publications, celebrate women, call for protest demonstrations, and convey important party events. ","This first series consists of five subseries and contains political posters all arranged by size and chronologically. The first subseries contains general position and party information posters. The second subseries contains posters about the programme commun. The third subseries contains posters for the production francais campaign. The fourth subseries contains posters about peace and disarmament. The fifth subseries contains posters for the Jeune Communistes party.","Subseries 1.1 is for general position and party information posters. Many posters that are just \"vote communist\" or describe the party platform. There are also many posters for each election that tell party members how to vote.","5 42x59cm sized posters; targeted toward workers and farmers asking for their support.","11 30x40cm, 7 roughly 60x20cm, 2 roughly 40x50cm, 7 40x60cm sized posters; assortment of posters for the many processes surrounding the formation of the Fifth Republic, including anti-de Gaulle, No to constitutional monarchy, Gaulle is a fascist, attacks on de Gaulle's ministers, no to a military dictator, no to civil war.","11 40x60cm, 2 30x40cm, and 2 roughly 24x59cm sized posters; topics include secularism in schools and government, party positions on current issues, anti-fascism, promoting Maurice Thorez.","4 30x40cm sized posters; posters call for voters to vote against the referendum.","10 30x40cm sized posters; posters are anti-Gaulle and against the referendum.","6 roughly 38x58cm posters, 4 30x50cm sized posters, and 4 42x59cm posters; school, jobs, lodging, and military topics included.","5 30x40cm and 3 40x60cm sized posters; the posters support Mitterand for president during the 1965 election in France.","7 40x60cm sized posters; posters are asking voters to vote communist.","4 40x60cm and 2 roughly 30x25cm sized posters; supports Duclos in the first tour and asks voters to abstain in the second tour.","6 40x60cm sized posters; posters all have the slogan \"Pour vivre mieux\" and deal with taxes, proportional representation, nationalization, tariffs, rent levels, and giving the young a job.","7 40x60cm sized posters; the posters call for voters to support the communists and vote communist in the municipal election of 1971. The posters attack the UDR and address taxes, lodging, salaries, and scandals. Most posters say \"avec les communistes.\"","16 40x60cm sized posters; the posters follow two color schemes, yellow with blue font and variations of blue, red and purple boxes with red, white, and blue font. Topics include minimum wage, government-assisted housing, old age aid, creating jobs, taxes, hours in a work week and paid vacation, equalize salaries, and changing the retirement age.","1 30x40cm and 10 40x60cm sized posters; workers against capitalism, vote no to the referendum of 1972, welcome Brejnev to France, cooperation and friendship with the USSR, election poster for M. Gros (1974), stop inflation, lower prices, and HLM/government housing are the various topics of these posters.","1 40x60cm, 1 about 20x30cm, 8 about 50x68cm, 3 on average 35x50cm, 1 50x50cm, 3 triangle sized posters; topics include Marchais during the 1981 election, European parliamentary elections 1984, who to vote for in the March 6, 1983 election, 1982 cantonal elections, and Citroen and the elections.","7 roughly 35x50cm sized posters; posters to support the Communists during the 1986 election, four posters say \"je vote communiste.\"","2 50x36cm and 5 40x60cm sized posters; each poster says \"ne pas subir, agir\" (do not suffer, act) and topics include unemployment, workers, and the future.","6 roughly 68x48cm sized posters; posters show a person talking about something that concerns them, like social and political issues.","1 roughly 35x50cm, 5 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; posters are for Andre Lajoinie's campaign for president in the 1988 elections.","4 48x63cm sized posters; each poster has the phrase \"Une idee qui monte\" and addresses socio-political issues.","1 35x50cm and 4 48x68cm sized posters; each poster is about money, specifically salaries, minimum wage or social welfare aid.","2 33x70cm, 11 roughly 35x50cm, and 8 roughly 48x68cm sized posters; topics include housing, health care, electoral districts, employment, social aid, agricultural issues, and the June 18, 1989 election.","6 33x46cm, 5 48x60cm, 7 48x68cm, 3 38x60cm, and 1 38x52cm sized posters; topics include supporting the PCF, minimum wage, social security, education, drugs, uniting the party, anti-Balladur, women in politics, and the May 25, 1997 election.","6 roughly 47x67cm sized posters; topics include voting, supporting the party, minimum wage, youth jobs, and a poster supporting Marie-George Buffet.","2 45x60cm, 1 15x68cm, 1 50x58cm, and 11 34x47cm sized posters for Robert Hue's many campaigns.","1 10x40cm, 3 40x60cm, 2 70x100cm, 4 60x80cm, 1 35x100cm, 7 50x70cm, 6 30x40cm, and 4 40x40cm sized posters; topics include candidates, positions, women, USSR, unemployment, immigration, voting rights, and buying power.","26 roughly 60x80cm and 5 60x100cm sized posters; topics include agriculture, workers, scandals, German soldiers in France, general party positions, how to vote, anti-de Gaulle, union and action, miners, women, personal power, halting fascism, and Duclos.","36 roughly 60x80cm, 2 40x60cm, and 2 30x100cm sized posters; topics include uniting, anti-UDR, financial scandals, the Soviet Union, Pompidou, cantonal elections, racism, personal power, raising fuel prices, petroleum scandal, d'Estaing, women, the Concord, farmers, saving hospitals, European election, and the election of 1978.","19 roughly 70x100cm, 8 40x60cm, 1 30x40cm sized posters; topics include anti-Giscard, the Corsican election, women, elections of 1983, June 1984 elections, March 1985 elections, schools, human rights, hospital care, electoral districts, party positions, banks, and schools.","18 roughly 70x100cm, 2 60x80cm, and 9 40x60cm sized posters; topics include free information, retirement, schools, party positions, and unemployment.","1 60x80cm, 13 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters; topics include Balladur, Chirac, Euro vote, growth, party positions, and Marie-George Buffet.","8 70x100cm sized posters in the series entitled Place aux idees nouvelles (place of new ideas). 2 70x100cm sized posters from the series entitled une idee qui monte.","4 roughly 60x80cm, 10 70x100cm, and 1 50x70cm sized posters for Robert Hue's campaign.","3 roughly 60x80cm, 8 roughly 70x100cm, and 2 50x70cm sized posters about social security issues, including retirement, social security, and more.","7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Mitterand's campaigns.","11 roughly 70x90cm sized posters for Lajoinie's campaigns.","8 roughly 50x70cm, 14 roughly 60x80cm, 2 61x95cm, 1 60x70cm, 14 70x100cm, 1 35x50cm, 2 roughly 40x100cm sized posters that deal with finances, salaries, taxes, and unemployment.","2 roughly 40x60cm, 1 50x70cm, 8 60x80cm, 2 40x100cm and 1 70x100cm sized posters against Giscard's campaign.","1 50x70cm, 11 roughly 60x80cm, and 1 30x40cm sized posters that address rising prices.","1 13x60cm, 1 25x60cm, 2 50x70cm, 6 roughly 60x80cm, and 5 70x100cm sized posters about referendum positions in France.","1 33x100cm, 1 30x40cm, 3 roughly 50x70cm, and 7 roughly 60x80cm sized posters for Marchais's campaign.","4 30x40cm, 19 50x70cm, 1 50x100cm, 26 60x80cm, 9 70x100cm, and 1 100x120cm sized posters calling for support or adherence to the Communist party; also includes phrases like I vote communist and with the communists.","1 30x40cm, 1 50x70cm, 3 60x80cm, and 3 70x100cm sized posters about rent and lodging options.","4 roughly 140x50cm, 8 roughly 160x50cm, 2 185x65cm sized posters of various topics, including who to vote for, protests, publications, and party positions.","3 40x120cm, 2 30x120cm, and 30 80x120cm sized posters; posters tell supporters how to vote, call for support, and address party issues. Specific topics include Marchais, Mitterand, the Olympic games, birth control, union of workers, religion in school, Truman doctrine, Duclos, leaders, and taxes.","Subseries 1.2 contains posters leading up to and calling for support of the union of the left, i.e., the programme commun.","7 roughly 41x59cm, 1 29x42cm, 3 29x53cm, 1 38x48cm, and 1 60x70cm sized posters; these posters call for a union of the left or a programme commun.","21 roughly 60x80cm, 1 95x63cm, 3 48x68cm, 2 58x52cm, and 1 38x58cm sized posters; poster topics support the union of the left, cantonal elections, Mitterand and include phrases like end personal power, union and action, it's possible, and adhere.","1 80x120cm sized poster about the programme commun.","Subseries 1.3 contains posters about \"production francais,\" or the Party's campaign to purchase goods made in France.","10 48x68cm and 1 48x64cm sized posters each calling for the support of French production and limiting imports and outsourcing.","2 roughly 60x80cm, 2 48x67cm, and 5 68x97cm sized posters; topics include creating jobs, keeping money in France, fewer imports, fighting unemployment, and Lajoinie campaign issues.","Subseries 1.4 contains posters that are anti-war or anti-bomb, also posters calling for support of certain countries in conflict or the freedom of certain prisoners.","3 roughly 48x68cm, 4 roughly 30x40cm, and 7 roughly 37x49cm sized posters; general posters for peace and various specific topics, like Hungary, Indochina, Turkey, Cuba, and freeing people from prison.","12 roughly 30x40cm, 12 40x60cm, 2 20x60cm, and 1 29x60cm sized posters; these posters follow the Algerian fight for independence, calling for a cease-fire and independence.","1 30x43cm, 10 roughly 38x58cm, and 1 38x51cm sized posters that deal with ending the Vietnam War.","3 30x40cm and 2 38x60cm sized posters that promote nuclear disarmament.","13 roughly 60x80cm sized posters about the Algerian War.","1 30x80cm, 14 60x80cm, and 1 22x60cm sized posters that deal with the war in Vietnam.","1 22x60cm, 6 roughly 30x75cm, 3 roughly 30x100cm, 25 roughly 60x80cm, and 15 roughly 65x100cm sized posters; topics include helping the poor in Indochina, the Hungarian Revolution, no American bases in France, liberation, peace, Nixon and US aggression, concentration camps in Chili, AIDS, the Kyoto Accords, and disarming. Some posters call for freeing Jacques Duclos, Angela Davis, Mandela, and Vietnamese. Many posters are about conflicts in different areas of the globe, including Cuba, Germany, Indochina, Palestine, Nicaragua, Turkey, the Gulf War, and Rwanda.","3 40x120cm and 10 80x120cm sized posters that call for disarmament and peace in war-torn areas like Indochina, Vietnam, Algeria, and Tunisia. There are also posters against American military forces in France.","Subseries 1.5 contains posters by the Jeune Communists (Young Communists).","3 40x60cm, 1 50x80cm, 1 20x80cm, 4 60x80cm, and 8 65x90cm sized posters; poster topics include schools, voting, anti-globalization, employment, the death penalty, Europe, Palestine, stopping discrimination, and anti-Front National.","This second series consists of six subseries and contains social posters all arranged chronologically. The first subseries contains commemorative and anniversary posters. The second subseries contains posters for the celebration of women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example. The third subseries contains posters for meetings, programs, television appearances. The fourth subseries contains posters about protests. The fifth subseries contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. The sixth subseries contains posters to advertise for Communist publications.","Subseries 2.1 is for commemorative and anniversary posters that celebrate the anniversary of important communist events like October 1917, famous communists' birthdays or deaths, and the party's anniversary.","Subseries 2.3 contains posters to advertise for party meetings, programs, television appearances.","2 roughly 39x59cm, 1 48x48cm, 3 34x48cm, and 4 48x67cm sized posters; topics include a meeting with Marchais, a city meeting, invites for a meeting, meeting of Fontenay, meeting with Buffet, and a Grand Bal.","2 40x60cm, 2 roughly 28x40cm, 2 roughly 35x50cm, 1 46x46cm, and 1 35x25cm sized posters; specific television appearances include Marchais, Lajoinie, Marchais's new book promotion, Robert Hue, and a radio show.","5 roughly 35x45cm, 18 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 40x100cm, 15 70x100cm, 1 100x140cm, 2 30x80cm, 1 120x160cm, 3 50x70cm, and 1 17x50cm sized posters; poster topics include large public meetings, large parties, regional debates, television appearances, and student and young worker meetings, as well as meetings with top party leaders to discuss various party issues.","5 40x120cm, 1 76x102cm, and 16 80x120cm sized posters; meetings include those with top leaders of the party, with Marchais, and with women, topics include petrol, the Front Populare, Christmas programs, and referendums.","1 30x40cm, 5 roughly 39x59cm, 1 61x24cm, 2 50x67cm, and 1 45x65cm sized posters to celebrate Thorez's birthday, the revolution of October 1917, the passage of social laws, the anniversary of the party, and the anniversary of the liberation of Paris.","4 roughly 60x100cm, 4 roughly 70x100cm, 15 roughly 60x80cm, 1 40x100cm, 2 50x70cm, and 1 40x56cm sized posters that commemorate social laws, the revolution of October 1917, the French Revolution, the founding of the party, several important Communist figures' birthdays, and the anniversary of World War II events.","21 80x120cm and 4 40x120cm sized posters that commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, the commune of Paris, the births and deaths of famous communists, the anniversary of the party, and other small events.","Subseries 2.2 contains posters celebrating women, like the Fete des Meres, Journee des Femmes, and May 1st for example.","1 20x70cm, 1 40x60cm, 5 roughly 50x70cm, 12 roughly 60x80cm, and 7 65x100cm sized posters that celebrate women, particularly the Fete des Meres, the Journee des Femmes, and May 1st celebrations of the French Communist Party.","1 80x120cm sized poster announcing a meeting for women.","Subseries 2.4 contains posters that advertise for protest marches.","8 roughly 60x80cm, 4 roughly 30x100cm, 2 roughly 45x60cm, 1 35x48cm, and 2 70x100cm sized posters; poster topics include secular schools, the youth against apartheid and Giscard, protests against nuclear weapons and the Front National, and protests for jobs and salaries.","1 40x120cm and 1 80x120cm sized posters; one poster is for a protest in honor of the founder of l'Humanite and the other for the commune of Paris.","Subseries 2.5 contains posters to advertise and celebrate for Congresses, Vente-exposition, and the Fete de l'Humanite. Congresses and Fetes are annual gatherings of party members, similar to a convention or festival. Vente-Expositions are book festivals.","5 40x60cm posters; one poster advertises the 15th Congress and the other four show facsimiles of old posters for the 1985 fete de l'humanite.","6 roughly 39x59cm, 1 32x50cm, 3 28x39cm, 1 35x44cm, 1 64x50cm, 1 68x47cm, and 1 46x61cm sized posters; posters advertise Vente-Expositions for Marxist books, the history of the PCF, art and books, the anniversary of the Paris commune, a Grand Gala du lien, a technology expo, and a night of cinema.","13 roughly 60x80cm, 7 roughly 60x100cm, 1 35x70cm, and 2 roughly 40x80cm sized posters; topics include expositions for Soviet or Marxist books, music celebrations, and Congresses.","9 70x100cm, 1 55x75cm, 1 33x48cm, 1 49x65cm, 1 40x60cm, 1 47x58cm, 2 60x80cm, and 1 34x100cm sized posters advertising for the Fete de l'humanite.","1 40x120cm and 7 80x120cm sized posters; topics include Congresses and Marxist book celebrations.","Subseries 2.6 contains posters to advertise for Communist publications, including book releases by party members and newspapers or journals published by the French Communist Party.","2 30x40cm, 3 roughly 59x39cm, 1 52x38cm, 2 69x48cm, and 1 35x5cm sized posters; the publication advertised include L'Humanite, France Nouvelle, Marchais's L'Espoir au Present, Economie et Politique, Avancees, and Communistes.","6 40x60cm, 12 60x80cm, and 1 70x100cm sized posters; topics include the newspapers L'Humanite, Economie et Politique, and Les Espaces Citoyens; Marchais's books Le Defi Democratique and Espoir au Present; Robert Hue's Communisme: La Mutation; and nights of cinema.","3 40x120cm and 3 80x120cm sized posters; publications include the book for the Fete de l'Humanite, Le Patriote newspaper, and Marchais's L'Espoir au Present and Le Defi Democratique."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dd4c030cc8b3e2ce4e8ba5cc668cd75b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial selection of posters from PCF archive in Paris. Topics include French elections, union of the left, anti-outsourcing, peace, human rights, civil rights, social aid, environment, women, publications, congresses, anti-nuclear, pro-Cuba, pro-Soviet Union, and anti-America movements."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42e069deeb9ae22cbc4b9fd54458e227\"\u003eMap Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 10.3, 25.1-25.5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Parti communiste français","Paris Province Impression (PPI) a BAGNOLET"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":92,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:54:03.973Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_177"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_179","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_179.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection","title_ssm":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1959-1964"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1959-1964"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0061","/repositories/2/resources/179"],"text":["C0061","/repositories/2/resources/179","Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection","Berlin (Germany : West)","Berlin (Germany : East)","Portraits","Protest movements","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Photographic prints","Photographs","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject.","The KUD was organized on a national, state, and local level and cooperated with all institutions concerned with the \"German Question\": schools, universities, unions, industry, youth organizations, and the media in Germany and internationally. It functioned as an above party lines platform to discuss perspectives of reunification and to organize various campaigns to express the collective desire for unification. Leading members included important ministers of successive governments from all of the main political parties. The work of the KUD focused particularly on Berlin because the organization wanted the West German capital to move from Bonn to Berlin in order to more directly confront the Soviet sphere of influence. The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. In 1991 the KUD ceased to exist.","Shortly after the KUD ceased to exist in 1991, Thomas Hill acquired the photograph archives from a former KUD member.","Processed by Jordan Patty in 2010. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s.","The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".","Some of the most spectacular and dramatic images are found in the first three boxes that contain photographs of the Wall's construction and subsequent events that took place during the time of the Cuban missile crisis. Approximately half of the photographs are from professional news agencies, including the Associated Press, the Deutche Presse-Agentus, Aktueller Bilderdienst, and Telegraf/Bankhardt. The KUD members are responsible for the most of the remaining photographs that document their various activities and events. Each subject category represents a textbook illustration of the existence and activities of this important organization from the late 1950s through the early 1960s. ","Consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\". There are also other materials, including ephemera and a book that features some of the photographs from the collection.","200 photographs","200 photographs","100 photographs","83 photographs","55 photographs","134 photographs","51 photographs","16 photographs","6 photographs","111 photographs","44 photographs","98 photographs","116 photographs","25 photographs","30 photographs","49 photographs","48 photographs","79 photographs","200 photographs","23 photographs","105 photographs","50 photographs","173 photographs","179 photographs","85 photographs","268 photographs","400 photographs","29 photographs","57 photographs","181 photographs","185 photographs","40 photographs","42 photographs","31 photographs","book","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland","Lübke, Heinrich, 1894-1972","Mende, Erich, 1916-","Schütz, Wilhelm Wolfgang, 1911-","Wehner, Herbert, 1906-1990","Adenauer, Konrad, 1876-1967","Brandt, Willy, 1913-1992","Löbe, Paul, 1875-1967","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0061","/repositories/2/resources/179"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Berlin (Germany : West)","Berlin (Germany : East)"],"geogname_ssim":["Berlin (Germany : West)","Berlin (Germany : East)"],"creator_ssm":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland"],"creator_ssim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland"],"creators_ssim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland"],"places_ssim":["Berlin (Germany : West)","Berlin (Germany : East)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Thomas Hill in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Portraits","Protest movements","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Photographic prints","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Portraits","Protest movements","Berlin Wall, Berlin, Germany, 1961-1989","Photographic prints","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.5 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["5.5 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","Photographs"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe KUD was organized on a national, state, and local level and cooperated with all institutions concerned with the \"German Question\": schools, universities, unions, industry, youth organizations, and the media in Germany and internationally. It functioned as an above party lines platform to discuss perspectives of reunification and to organize various campaigns to express the collective desire for unification. Leading members included important ministers of successive governments from all of the main political parties. The work of the KUD focused particularly on Berlin because the organization wanted the West German capital to move from Bonn to Berlin in order to more directly confront the Soviet sphere of influence. The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. In 1991 the KUD ceased to exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The KUD was organized on a national, state, and local level and cooperated with all institutions concerned with the \"German Question\": schools, universities, unions, industry, youth organizations, and the media in Germany and internationally. It functioned as an above party lines platform to discuss perspectives of reunification and to organize various campaigns to express the collective desire for unification. Leading members included important ministers of successive governments from all of the main political parties. The work of the KUD focused particularly on Berlin because the organization wanted the West German capital to move from Bonn to Berlin in order to more directly confront the Soviet sphere of influence. The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. In 1991 the KUD ceased to exist."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShortly after the KUD ceased to exist in 1991, Thomas Hill acquired the photograph archives from a former KUD member.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Shortly after the KUD ceased to exist in 1991, Thomas Hill acquired the photograph archives from a former KUD member."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection, C0061, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland photograph collection, C0061, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Jordan Patty in 2010. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Jordan Patty in 2010. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome of the most spectacular and dramatic images are found in the first three boxes that contain photographs of the Wall's construction and subsequent events that took place during the time of the Cuban missile crisis. Approximately half of the photographs are from professional news agencies, including the Associated Press, the Deutche Presse-Agentus, Aktueller Bilderdienst, and Telegraf/Bankhardt. The KUD members are responsible for the most of the remaining photographs that document their various activities and events. Each subject category represents a textbook illustration of the existence and activities of this important organization from the late 1950s through the early 1960s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\". 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Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\".\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaigns, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s.","The Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. There are also photographs of KUD leaders and visits by foreign political leaders. 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The KUD's influence diminished with the advent of Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik in which the two-state status quo was accepted as a fact and basis for a policy of detente in the late 1960s. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds a large collection of posters that document the history of East Germany from the 1940s through the first elections in the 1990s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland (KUD) photograph collection consists of approximately 3,400 photographic prints that document the activities of the KUD, a West German organization that campaigned for reunification. Many of the photographs document the construction of the Berlin Wall and the response of West German citizens, including campaings, memorials, and exhibitions. 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The photographs are almost all black and white prints and range in size from 3 x 4\" to 11 x 17\" with most measuring approximately 5 x 7\"."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Kuratorium Unteilbares Deutschland","Lübke, Heinrich, 1894-1972","Mende, Erich, 1916-","Schütz, Wilhelm Wolfgang, 1911-","Wehner, Herbert, 1906-1990","Adenauer, Konrad, 1876-1967","Brandt, Willy, 1913-1992","Löbe, Paul, 1875-1967"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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The pamphlet covers Ogleby's views on how American Liberalism created the \"system\" that led to the Vietnam War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_510#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_510","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_510","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_510","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_510","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_510.xml","title_ssm":["\"Trapped in a System\" pamphlet by Carl Oglesby of Students for a Democratic Society"],"title_tesim":["\"Trapped in a System\" pamphlet by Carl Oglesby of Students for a Democratic Society"],"unitdate_ssm":["November 27, 1965"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["November 27, 1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0403","/repositories/2/resources/510"],"text":["C0403","/repositories/2/resources/510","\"Trapped in a System\" pamphlet by Carl Oglesby of Students for a Democratic Society","Protest movements","Vietnam War, 1961-1975","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest movements -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Students for a Democratic Society.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed January 5, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Students-for-a-Democratic-Society. Fox, Margalit. \"Carl Oglesby, Antiwar Leader in 1960s, Dies at 76[.]\" The New York Times, September 14, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/14/us/carl-oglesby-antiwar-leader-in-1960s-dies-at-76.html. Hodgson, Godfrey. \"Carl Oglesby obituary[.]\" The Guardian, September 16, 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/16/carl-oglesby-obituary.","Carl Oglesby was an American antiwar activist, particularly involved in anti-Vietnam War rhetoric and demonstration. Oglesby became the president for Students for a Democratic Society in 1965, serving through 1966. He was eventually expelled from the group. Oglesby was involved in politics, writing, and education for most of his life. 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