{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politics\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politics\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politics\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":11,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Arden B. Schell Watergate collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Schell, Arden B.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_155.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Arden B. Schell Watergate collection","title_ssm":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"title_tesim":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"text":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection","C0041","/repositories/2/resources/155","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Politics","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject.","The papers included in this collection consist primarily of \"evidentiary statements\" gathered by the House Judiciary Committee's Inquiry staff during its investigation of President Richard Nixon and the Watergate break-in and cover-up. The Inquiry staff was charged with collecting evidence that would be used by the Committee to determine whether or not Nixon should be impeached. The evidentiary statements derive from the Nixon Oval Office tape recordings as well as testimony and documents from key White House, FBI, and CIA personnel.","Arden B. Schell was an Assistant Counsel on the House Judiciary Committee.","Some reprocessing was completed in 2009, and the folder information contains the old box and folder numbers.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds material about Watergate in the , the , and the .","This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts. In addition to the Watergate break in, the subjects covered in this collection include materials on the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, domestic surveillance, dairy price supports, abuse of the Internal Revenue Service, and the activities of the Special Prosecutors.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. 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The evidentiary statements derive from the Nixon Oval Office tape recordings as well as testimony and documents from key White House, FBI, and CIA personnel.","Arden B. Schell was an Assistant Counsel on the House Judiciary Committee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArden B. Schell Watergate collection, C0041, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection, C0041, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome reprocessing was completed in 2009, and the folder information contains the old box and folder numbers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. 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McNamara papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Frank Phillippi Watergate collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0053\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds material about Watergate in the , the , and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts. 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In addition to the Watergate break in, the subjects covered in this collection include materials on the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, domestic surveillance, dairy price supports, abuse of the Internal Revenue Service, and the activities of the Special Prosecutors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d774054c2b7e1ca65b4d31b0d9582308\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"persname_ssim":["Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary","Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":777,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_155.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Arden B. Schell Watergate collection","title_ssm":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"title_tesim":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"text":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection","C0041","/repositories/2/resources/155","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Politics","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject.","The papers included in this collection consist primarily of \"evidentiary statements\" gathered by the House Judiciary Committee's Inquiry staff during its investigation of President Richard Nixon and the Watergate break-in and cover-up. The Inquiry staff was charged with collecting evidence that would be used by the Committee to determine whether or not Nixon should be impeached. The evidentiary statements derive from the Nixon Oval Office tape recordings as well as testimony and documents from key White House, FBI, and CIA personnel.","Arden B. Schell was an Assistant Counsel on the House Judiciary Committee.","Some reprocessing was completed in 2009, and the folder information contains the old box and folder numbers.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds material about Watergate in the , the , and the .","This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts. In addition to the Watergate break in, the subjects covered in this collection include materials on the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, domestic surveillance, dairy price supports, abuse of the Internal Revenue Service, and the activities of the Special Prosecutors.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary","Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"collection_ssim":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0041","/repositories/2/resources/155"],"unitid_tesim":["C0041","/repositories/2/resources/155"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Schell, Arden B."],"creator_ssim":["Schell, Arden B."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary"],"creators_ssim":["Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. 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The evidentiary statements derive from the Nixon Oval Office tape recordings as well as testimony and documents from key White House, FBI, and CIA personnel.","Arden B. Schell was an Assistant Counsel on the House Judiciary Committee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArden B. Schell Watergate collection, C0041, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Arden B. Schell Watergate collection, C0041, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome reprocessing was completed in 2009, and the folder information contains the old box and folder numbers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Some reprocessing was completed in 2009, and the folder information contains the old box and folder numbers.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds material about Watergate in the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"American Political Items Collectors collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0023\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Francis J. McNamara papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Frank Phillippi Watergate collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0053\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds material about Watergate in the , the , and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts. In addition to the Watergate break in, the subjects covered in this collection include materials on the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, domestic surveillance, dairy price supports, abuse of the Internal Revenue Service, and the activities of the Special Prosecutors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts. In addition to the Watergate break in, the subjects covered in this collection include materials on the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, domestic surveillance, dairy price supports, abuse of the Internal Revenue Service, and the activities of the Special Prosecutors."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d774054c2b7e1ca65b4d31b0d9582308\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains documents assembled by House Judiciary Committee Assistant Counsel Arden Schell, relating to the investigation of the Watergate Affair (1972-1974). The materials include evidentiary statements, printed (GPO) publications detailing the House Committee on the Judiciary investigation of Watergate and resulting impeachment hearings, and other textual materials such as correspondence, notes, and transcripts."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"persname_ssim":["Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary","Schell, Arden B.","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":777,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_155"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"C-SPAN Corporation","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frank Phillippi Watergate collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Phillippi, Frank","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains archives related to Watergate. Includes manuscripts, correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_16.xml","title_ssm":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"text":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection","C0053","/repositories/2/resources/16","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Politics","Correspondence","Video recordings","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by subject.","Perlstein, R.. \"Watergate scandal.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, June 10, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal.","Watergate was a major political scandal during the presidential administration of Richard M. Nixon. The scandal is named after the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., where it was discovered that the Democratic National Committee's headquarters had been burglarized on June 17, 1972. It was eventually uncovered that President Nixon and his administration were heavily involved in the scandal, which led to his resignation as President of the United States in August 1974, being the only president to ever do so.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2019.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the .","This collection contains materials related to the Watergate scandal, including correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains archives related to Watergate. Includes manuscripts, correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"collection_ssim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0053","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"unitid_tesim":["C0053","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Phillippi, Frank"],"creator_ssim":["Phillippi, Frank"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Frank Phillippi in June 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Politics","Correspondence","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Politics","Correspondence","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.5 Linear Feet (12 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["19.5 Linear Feet (12 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Video recordings"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by subject."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePerlstein, R.. \"Watergate scandal.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, June 10, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Perlstein, R.. \"Watergate scandal.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, June 10, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWatergate was a major political scandal during the presidential administration of Richard M. Nixon. The scandal is named after the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., where it was discovered that the Democratic National Committee's headquarters had been burglarized on June 17, 1972. It was eventually uncovered that President Nixon and his administration were heavily involved in the scandal, which led to his resignation as President of the United States in August 1974, being the only president to ever do so.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Watergate was a major political scandal during the presidential administration of Richard M. Nixon. The scandal is named after the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., where it was discovered that the Democratic National Committee's headquarters had been burglarized on June 17, 1972. It was eventually uncovered that President Nixon and his administration were heavily involved in the scandal, which led to his resignation as President of the United States in August 1974, being the only president to ever do so."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Phillippi Watergate collection, C0053, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection, C0053, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Arden B. Schell Watergate collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0041\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials related to the Watergate scandal, including correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials related to the Watergate scandal, including correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a92e84b86b6697d8ed34ce26467c1c0c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains archives related to Watergate. Includes manuscripts, correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains archives related to Watergate. Includes manuscripts, correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"names_coll_ssim":["Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_16","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_16.xml","title_ssm":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"title_tesim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"text":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection","C0053","/repositories/2/resources/16","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Watergate Affair, 1972-1974","Politics","Correspondence","Video recordings","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by subject.","Perlstein, R.. \"Watergate scandal.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, June 10, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal.","Watergate was a major political scandal during the presidential administration of Richard M. Nixon. The scandal is named after the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., where it was discovered that the Democratic National Committee's headquarters had been burglarized on June 17, 1972. It was eventually uncovered that President Nixon and his administration were heavily involved in the scandal, which led to his resignation as President of the United States in August 1974, being the only president to ever do so.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in February 2019.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the .","This collection contains materials related to the Watergate scandal, including correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains archives related to Watergate. Includes manuscripts, correspondence, film, printouts, publications, subject files, and videotapes.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"collection_ssim":["Frank Phillippi Watergate collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0053","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"unitid_tesim":["C0053","/repositories/2/resources/16"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Phillippi, Frank"],"creator_ssim":["Phillippi, Frank"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Phillippi, Frank","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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Nixon. The scandal is named after the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., where it was discovered that the Democratic National Committee's headquarters had been burglarized on June 17, 1972. It was eventually uncovered that President Nixon and his administration were heavily involved in the scandal, which led to his resignation as President of the United States in August 1974, being the only president to ever do so.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Watergate was a major political scandal during the presidential administration of Richard M. Nixon. The scandal is named after the Watergate Hotel in Washington, D.C., where it was discovered that the Democratic National Committee's headquarters had been burglarized on June 17, 1972. 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Eisenhower's presidential landslide. During his career as state representative, Broyhill became an influential member of the House District Committee and a master of legislative strategy. Best known for local matters, Broyhill sponsored legislation that led to the construction of the Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson bridges across the Potomac River and the second span of the 14th Street Bridge, as well as a measure that led to the widening of Shirley Highway. He fought for better pay and working conditions for federal employees, federal aid to local school systems and financial support for Metro. Broyhill was also an unrelenting and outspoken opponent of \"home rule\" for the District of Columbia, arguing that the U.S. Constitution placed ultimate responsibility for the nation's capital with Congress, and he battled for years against measures to increase the authority of city residents to manage D.C. affairs. In 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon, Broyhill lost his seat to Democrat Joseph L. Fisher.","After losing his seat in Congress, Broyhill served as campaign manager for John W. Warner's successful first campaign for the Senate and returned to work for his family's real-estate development and investment company. On September 24, 2006, Broyhill died of congestive heart failure and pneumonia at his home in Arlington."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoel T. Broyhill papers, C0088, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joel T. Broyhill papers, C0088, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Special Collections Staff. 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(Joel Thomas), 1919-2006"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","Broyhill, Joel T. (Joel Thomas), 1919-2006"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1076,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_44","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_44","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_44.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Joel T. Broyhill papers","title_ssm":["Joel T. Broyhill papers"],"title_tesim":["Joel T. Broyhill papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1952-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1952-1974"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel T. Broyhill papers"],"text":["Joel T. Broyhill papers","C0088","/repositories/2/resources/44","Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 1945-1989","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Newsletters","Bills, Legislative -- United States","Correspondence","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","Organized chronologically and by subject.","Joel Thomas Broyhill was born in Hopewell, Virginia, in 1919. After graduating from George Washington University in 1941, Broyhill served as a captain and rifle company commander for the U.S. Army during World War II. His service in Germany, which included capture during the Battle of the Bulge and escape from a prisoner-of-war camp, earned him a bronze star. After the war, Broyhill returned to Arlington, Virginia, to work as a partner and general manager of his father's real-estate business, M.T. Broyhill and Sons, which flourished during the post-War suburban economic boom.","Broyhill won his seat in Congress in 1952, the year of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidential landslide. During his career as state representative, Broyhill became an influential member of the House District Committee and a master of legislative strategy. Best known for local matters, Broyhill sponsored legislation that led to the construction of the Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson bridges across the Potomac River and the second span of the 14th Street Bridge, as well as a measure that led to the widening of Shirley Highway. He fought for better pay and working conditions for federal employees, federal aid to local school systems and financial support for Metro. Broyhill was also an unrelenting and outspoken opponent of \"home rule\" for the District of Columbia, arguing that the U.S. Constitution placed ultimate responsibility for the nation's capital with Congress, and he battled for years against measures to increase the authority of city residents to manage D.C. affairs. In 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon, Broyhill lost his seat to Democrat Joseph L. Fisher.","After losing his seat in Congress, Broyhill served as campaign manager for John W. Warner's successful first campaign for the Senate and returned to work for his family's real-estate development and investment company. On September 24, 2006, Broyhill died of congestive heart failure and pneumonia at his home in Arlington.","Processed by Special Collections Special Collections Staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on Northern Virginia politics and government including the .","This collection contains documents pertaining to Joel Broyhill's career as a U.S. Congressman representing Virginia's 10th district. The campaign publications included therein offer a detailed look at the election campaigns of Congressman Broyhill in the 1960s and early 1970s. Materials in the collection deriving from his career as a legislator include bills, House resolutions, official records, press releases, Congressional (83rd-93rd) newsletters, papers, personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, schedules, and budgets.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains documents pertaining to Joel Broyhill's career as a U.S. Congressman representing Virginia's 10th district. Materials in the collection deriving from his career as a legislator include bills, House resolutions, official records, press releases, Congressional (83rd-93rd) newsletters, papers, personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, schedules, and budgets.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","Broyhill, Joel T. 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Broyhill and Virginia Lampe in 1985-1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Newsletters","Bills, Legislative -- United States","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Newsletters","Bills, Legislative -- United States","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["34.25 Linear Feet 66 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["34.25 Linear Feet 66 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Newspapers"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized chronologically and by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized chronologically and by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoel Thomas Broyhill was born in Hopewell, Virginia, in 1919. 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Best known for local matters, Broyhill sponsored legislation that led to the construction of the Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson bridges across the Potomac River and the second span of the 14th Street Bridge, as well as a measure that led to the widening of Shirley Highway. He fought for better pay and working conditions for federal employees, federal aid to local school systems and financial support for Metro. Broyhill was also an unrelenting and outspoken opponent of \"home rule\" for the District of Columbia, arguing that the U.S. Constitution placed ultimate responsibility for the nation's capital with Congress, and he battled for years against measures to increase the authority of city residents to manage D.C. affairs. In 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon, Broyhill lost his seat to Democrat Joseph L. Fisher. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e After losing his seat in Congress, Broyhill served as campaign manager for John W. 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Eisenhower's presidential landslide. During his career as state representative, Broyhill became an influential member of the House District Committee and a master of legislative strategy. Best known for local matters, Broyhill sponsored legislation that led to the construction of the Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson bridges across the Potomac River and the second span of the 14th Street Bridge, as well as a measure that led to the widening of Shirley Highway. He fought for better pay and working conditions for federal employees, federal aid to local school systems and financial support for Metro. Broyhill was also an unrelenting and outspoken opponent of \"home rule\" for the District of Columbia, arguing that the U.S. Constitution placed ultimate responsibility for the nation's capital with Congress, and he battled for years against measures to increase the authority of city residents to manage D.C. affairs. In 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon, Broyhill lost his seat to Democrat Joseph L. Fisher.","After losing his seat in Congress, Broyhill served as campaign manager for John W. Warner's successful first campaign for the Senate and returned to work for his family's real-estate development and investment company. On September 24, 2006, Broyhill died of congestive heart failure and pneumonia at his home in Arlington."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoel T. Broyhill papers, C0088, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joel T. Broyhill papers, C0088, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Special Collections Staff. 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Fisher papers, 1930/1992","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fisher, Joseph L.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. 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Fisher papers, 1930/1992","C0028","/repositories/2/resources/124","Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\n      Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\n      Series 3: Oversize, 1943-1992","Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).","Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.","This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). 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After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into three series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). 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Materials date from 1943 to 1992.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_719ded8763f4474b33e000a5ce8d4214\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"persname_ssim":["Fisher, Joseph L."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means","Fisher, Joseph L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1343,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_124.xml","title_ssm":["Joseph L. Fisher papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930s-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"text":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992","C0028","/repositories/2/resources/124","Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\n      Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\n      Series 3: Oversize, 1943-1992","Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).","Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.","This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means","Fisher, Joseph L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, 1930/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0028","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"unitid_tesim":["C0028","/repositories/2/resources/124"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Arlington County (Va.)","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Fisher, Joseph L."],"creator_ssim":["Fisher, Joseph L."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fisher, Joseph L."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"creators_ssim":["Fisher, Joseph L.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Margaret Fisher in 1992-1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Energy Conservation -- Law and legislation -- United States","Conservation of natural resources -- Law and legislation -- United States","Economists -- United States","Politics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["58 Linear Feet 116 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["58 Linear Feet 116 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Oversize, 1943-1992\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: U.S. House of Representatives, 1974-1992\n      Series 2: Academic Career/Government Appointments, 1930s-1992\n      Series 3: Oversize, 1943-1992"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Lyman Fisher (1914-1992), economist, educator, author, and congressman, was born in Salesville, Rhode Island on January 11, 1914. After earning his undergraduate degree at Bowdoin College, Fisher went on to graduate work at the London School of Economics, Harvard University, and George Washington University. In 1942 he married the former Margaret Saunders Winslow. Fisher's career, spanning over fifty years, included planner for the National Resources Planning Board, economist for the United States Department of State, executive officer and economist for the Council of Economic Advisors, president of Resources for the Future, a member of the United States House of Representatives (1974-1981), Virginia Secretary of Human Resources, special assistant to the president of George Mason University, and president of the National Academy of Public Administration. In addition, Fisher was deeply involved in community activities, having been chairman of the Arlington County Board, chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), president and chairman of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Governments (COG), and moderator and chairman of the board of the Unitarian Universalist Association. He also wrote several books, including World Prospects for Natural Resources (1964) and Resources in America's Future (1963)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Joseph L. Fisher papers, C0028, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed and finding aid compiled by Barbara Haase and Kay Liebermann in 1995. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated in June 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the papers of other local and national politicians from Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into three series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into three series.","Series 1 of the collection relates to Fisher's political career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1974-1981). The materials cover the years 1974-1992 and include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.","Series 2 relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials cover the years 1930s-1992 and include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, class notes, papers, and dissertation and thesis, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence.","Series 3 consists of two flat boxes that contain awards, certificates, and diplomas for both Joseph and Margaret Fisher, as well as campaign posters, a large newspaper clipping, a large photograph, and scrapbook covers. Materials date from 1943 to 1992."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_719ded8763f4474b33e000a5ce8d4214\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection relates to Fisher's career as an economist, educator, and U.S. Congressman. The materials include lectures and comments on conservation and natural resources, scrapbooks, pamphlets, appointment books, and correspondence. Materials that relate to his political career in U.S. House of Representatives include correspondence, speeches, press releases, reports, newsclippings, issue papers, testimony, statements, questionnaires, background publications, guidelines, charts, and legislation."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means"],"persname_ssim":["Fisher, Joseph L."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means","Fisher, Joseph L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1343,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_124"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pinkney, William, 1764-1822","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_760","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_760.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe","title_ssm":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe"],"title_tesim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1811"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1811"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1811"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811"],"text":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811","C0538","/repositories/2/resources/760","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Politics","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. n.d. \"Pinkney, William 1764 – 1822.\" Accessed September 10, 2025. https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000362.","United States Department of Justice. 2014. \"Attorney General: William Pinkney.\" October 23. https://www.justice.gov/ag/bio/pinkney-william.","William Pinkney was born in Annapolis, Maryland on March 17, 1764. He studied law in Baltimore under Judge Samuel Chase and was admitted to the bar in 1786 and set-up practice in nearby Harford County. In 1788 he served as a member of the Constitutional Convention, ultimately voting against ratification, and afterward served as delegate to the Maryland House of Representatives (1788-1792) and as a member of the Maryland state executive council (1792-1795). In 1796, President George Washington appointed Pinkney as a commissioner to London under the Jay Treaty to settle claims against Great Britain until 1804. After a brief time serving as attorney general of Maryland in 1805, Pinkney returned to Great Britain with James Monroe in 1806 and served in various diplomatic roles overseas until returning to Maryland in 1811. This same year, on December 11, he was appointed Attorney General of the United States by President James Madison and would serve in this role until February 10, 1814. Pinkney then served as a battalion commander during the War of 1812 and was wounded at the Battle of Bladensburg, Maryland. From 1815-1816 he served as a member of the Fourteenth Congress and from 1816-1818 he served as Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. In 1819, he returned to the United States and was elected to the United States Senate as a Democratic Republican. Pinkney would serve in this role from December 21, 1819 until his death of tuberculosis on February 25, 1822. He is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in September 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to United States politics and government, including the 19th century newspaper illustrations collection and Letter to Hon. C. James Faulkner from Gideon G. Westcott, John Robbins, Jr., and James R. Ludlow.","Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison. The letter is undated, but content suggests it was most likely written circa 1811. In the letter Pinkney writes of his intention to accept a position offered to him by Monroe on behalf of the President, indicating the letter likely contains Pinkney's acceptance of the position of Attorney General, which he was formerly appointed to on December 11, 1811.","The reverse side of the letter includes a note written in pencil with estimated date and context information on the letter's content. It is unclear where this information originated or when it was added.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pinkney, William, 1764-1822","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0538","/repositories/2/resources/760"],"unitid_tesim":["C0538","/repositories/2/resources/760"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822"],"creator_ssim":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Monroe, James, 1758-1831"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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Lesser, Fine Antiquarian Books by Lynn Eaton in 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Politics","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Politics","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1811],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical Directory of the United States Congress. n.d. \"Pinkney, William 1764 – 1822.\" Accessed September 10, 2025. https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000362.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Department of Justice. 2014. \"Attorney General: William Pinkney.\" October 23. https://www.justice.gov/ag/bio/pinkney-william.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. n.d. \"Pinkney, William 1764 – 1822.\" Accessed September 10, 2025. https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000362.","United States Department of Justice. 2014. \"Attorney General: William Pinkney.\" October 23. https://www.justice.gov/ag/bio/pinkney-william."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Pinkney was born in Annapolis, Maryland on March 17, 1764. He studied law in Baltimore under Judge Samuel Chase and was admitted to the bar in 1786 and set-up practice in nearby Harford County. In 1788 he served as a member of the Constitutional Convention, ultimately voting against ratification, and afterward served as delegate to the Maryland House of Representatives (1788-1792) and as a member of the Maryland state executive council (1792-1795). In 1796, President George Washington appointed Pinkney as a commissioner to London under the Jay Treaty to settle claims against Great Britain until 1804. After a brief time serving as attorney general of Maryland in 1805, Pinkney returned to Great Britain with James Monroe in 1806 and served in various diplomatic roles overseas until returning to Maryland in 1811. This same year, on December 11, he was appointed Attorney General of the United States by President James Madison and would serve in this role until February 10, 1814. Pinkney then served as a battalion commander during the War of 1812 and was wounded at the Battle of Bladensburg, Maryland. From 1815-1816 he served as a member of the Fourteenth Congress and from 1816-1818 he served as Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. In 1819, he returned to the United States and was elected to the United States Senate as a Democratic Republican. Pinkney would serve in this role from December 21, 1819 until his death of tuberculosis on February 25, 1822. He is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Pinkney was born in Annapolis, Maryland on March 17, 1764. He studied law in Baltimore under Judge Samuel Chase and was admitted to the bar in 1786 and set-up practice in nearby Harford County. 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From 1815-1816 he served as a member of the Fourteenth Congress and from 1816-1818 he served as Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. In 1819, he returned to the United States and was elected to the United States Senate as a Democratic Republican. Pinkney would serve in this role from December 21, 1819 until his death of tuberculosis on February 25, 1822. He is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, C0538, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, C0538, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2025. 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Ludlow\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to United States politics and government, including the 19th century newspaper illustrations collection and Letter to Hon. C. James Faulkner from Gideon G. Westcott, John Robbins, Jr., and James R. Ludlow."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison. The letter is undated, but content suggests it was most likely written circa 1811. In the letter Pinkney writes of his intention to accept a position offered to him by Monroe on behalf of the President, indicating the letter likely contains Pinkney's acceptance of the position of Attorney General, which he was formerly appointed to on December 11, 1811.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe reverse side of the letter includes a note written in pencil with estimated date and context information on the letter's content. It is unclear where this information originated or when it was added.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison. The letter is undated, but content suggests it was most likely written circa 1811. In the letter Pinkney writes of his intention to accept a position offered to him by Monroe on behalf of the President, indicating the letter likely contains Pinkney's acceptance of the position of Attorney General, which he was formerly appointed to on December 11, 1811.","The reverse side of the letter includes a note written in pencil with estimated date and context information on the letter's content. It is unclear where this information originated or when it was added."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_95283d295a63ffd9c08618dafb70ec5d\"\u003eHandwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_05a39fdecacc14a0f1118c4519a663c0\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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He studied law in Baltimore under Judge Samuel Chase and was admitted to the bar in 1786 and set-up practice in nearby Harford County. In 1788 he served as a member of the Constitutional Convention, ultimately voting against ratification, and afterward served as delegate to the Maryland House of Representatives (1788-1792) and as a member of the Maryland state executive council (1792-1795). In 1796, President George Washington appointed Pinkney as a commissioner to London under the Jay Treaty to settle claims against Great Britain until 1804. After a brief time serving as attorney general of Maryland in 1805, Pinkney returned to Great Britain with James Monroe in 1806 and served in various diplomatic roles overseas until returning to Maryland in 1811. This same year, on December 11, he was appointed Attorney General of the United States by President James Madison and would serve in this role until February 10, 1814. Pinkney then served as a battalion commander during the War of 1812 and was wounded at the Battle of Bladensburg, Maryland. From 1815-1816 he served as a member of the Fourteenth Congress and from 1816-1818 he served as Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. In 1819, he returned to the United States and was elected to the United States Senate as a Democratic Republican. Pinkney would serve in this role from December 21, 1819 until his death of tuberculosis on February 25, 1822. He is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in September 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to United States politics and government, including the 19th century newspaper illustrations collection and Letter to Hon. C. James Faulkner from Gideon G. Westcott, John Robbins, Jr., and James R. Ludlow.","Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison. The letter is undated, but content suggests it was most likely written circa 1811. In the letter Pinkney writes of his intention to accept a position offered to him by Monroe on behalf of the President, indicating the letter likely contains Pinkney's acceptance of the position of Attorney General, which he was formerly appointed to on December 11, 1811.","The reverse side of the letter includes a note written in pencil with estimated date and context information on the letter's content. It is unclear where this information originated or when it was added.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Handwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Pinkney, William, 1764-1822","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, 1811"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0538","/repositories/2/resources/760"],"unitid_tesim":["C0538","/repositories/2/resources/760"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822"],"creator_ssim":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Monroe, James, 1758-1831"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Pinkney, William, 1764-1822","Madison, James, 1751-1836","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from David M. 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He studied law in Baltimore under Judge Samuel Chase and was admitted to the bar in 1786 and set-up practice in nearby Harford County. In 1788 he served as a member of the Constitutional Convention, ultimately voting against ratification, and afterward served as delegate to the Maryland House of Representatives (1788-1792) and as a member of the Maryland state executive council (1792-1795). In 1796, President George Washington appointed Pinkney as a commissioner to London under the Jay Treaty to settle claims against Great Britain until 1804. After a brief time serving as attorney general of Maryland in 1805, Pinkney returned to Great Britain with James Monroe in 1806 and served in various diplomatic roles overseas until returning to Maryland in 1811. This same year, on December 11, he was appointed Attorney General of the United States by President James Madison and would serve in this role until February 10, 1814. Pinkney then served as a battalion commander during the War of 1812 and was wounded at the Battle of Bladensburg, Maryland. From 1815-1816 he served as a member of the Fourteenth Congress and from 1816-1818 he served as Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. In 1819, he returned to the United States and was elected to the United States Senate as a Democratic Republican. Pinkney would serve in this role from December 21, 1819 until his death of tuberculosis on February 25, 1822. He is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Pinkney was born in Annapolis, Maryland on March 17, 1764. He studied law in Baltimore under Judge Samuel Chase and was admitted to the bar in 1786 and set-up practice in nearby Harford County. 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From 1815-1816 he served as a member of the Fourteenth Congress and from 1816-1818 he served as Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. In 1819, he returned to the United States and was elected to the United States Senate as a Democratic Republican. Pinkney would serve in this role from December 21, 1819 until his death of tuberculosis on February 25, 1822. He is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, C0538, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe, C0538, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2025. 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Ludlow\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to United States politics and government, including the 19th century newspaper illustrations collection and Letter to Hon. C. James Faulkner from Gideon G. Westcott, John Robbins, Jr., and James R. Ludlow."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHandwritten letter from William Pinkney to James Monroe likely while Monroe was serving as Secretary of State under President James Madison. The letter is undated, but content suggests it was most likely written circa 1811. 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There are also videotape cassettes, photographs, and many pieces of memorabilia. The collection will be closed to research until 2014.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_74#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_74","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_74","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_74","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_74","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_74.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tom Davis papers","title_ssm":["Tom Davis papers"],"title_tesim":["Tom Davis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1994-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1994-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1994/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tom Davis papers, 1994/2008"],"text":["Tom Davis papers, 1994/2008","C0124","/repositories/2/resources/74","United States -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Politics","Legislators -- United States","Photographs","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject.","Elected in 1994, Davis began his career as chairman of the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee's Subcommittee on the District of Columbia. 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Davis retired from Congress in 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTom Davis papers, C0124, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Tom Davis papers, C0124, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other personal paper collections from local, state, and national politicians.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other personal paper collections from local, state, and national politicians."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains issue files, legislative files, committee hearing files, thank-you letters, and constituent mail from his entire congressional career. 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The collection will be closed to research until 2014.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains issue files, legislative files, committee hearing files, thank-you letters, and constituent mail from his entire congressional career. There are also videotape cassettes, photographs, and many pieces of memorabilia. The collection will be closed to research until 2014."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ea417aaff78d37f30a33303b7c38887f\"\u003eThe majority of this collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility.\nMap Case 11.5\nOS R4, C4, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["The majority of this collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility.\nMap Case 11.5\nOS R4, C4, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","National Republican Congressional Committee","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. 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Davis retired from Congress in 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTom Davis papers, C0124, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Tom Davis papers, C0124, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other personal paper collections from local, state, and national politicians.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other personal paper collections from local, state, and national politicians."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains issue files, legislative files, committee hearing files, thank-you letters, and constituent mail from his entire congressional career. 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The collection will be closed to research until 2014.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains issue files, legislative files, committee hearing files, thank-you letters, and constituent mail from his entire congressional career. There are also videotape cassettes, photographs, and many pieces of memorabilia. The collection will be closed to research until 2014."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ea417aaff78d37f30a33303b7c38887f\"\u003eThe majority of this collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility.\nMap Case 11.5\nOS R4, C4, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["The majority of this collection is housed at the WRLC Shared Collections Facility.\nMap Case 11.5\nOS R4, C4, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","National Republican Congressional Committee","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. House. 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Until 1889, the party was controlled by a conservative faction committed to a purely political program following the views of socialist theoretician Ferdinand Lassalle. In the 1890s, the Lassallean wing was overtaken by a more radical faction under the leadership of Daniel De Leon, transforming the SLP's platform into one focused on militant trade unionism and political action, and taking stands against the party's previous position of political reform and the trade union activity of the American Federation of Labor.","Beginning in 1900, the SLP saw a group of moderates, led by Morris Hillquit and known as the \"Kangaroos,\" split from the party and advocate a return to a more conservative socialist program, eventually joining with the Social Democratic Party to establish the Socialist Party of America in 1901. This split, followed by De Leon's death in 1914, led to a swift decline in the SLP's activity, which became largely restricted to purely educational agitation, although the party would continue to field national tickets in every presidential campaign from 1892 through 1976 and publish the official newspaper \"Weekly People\" until the closure of its national office on September 1, 2008.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to United States government and politics.","New York University's Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives holds the Socialist Labor Party Records.","Double-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism. 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The remainder of the front includes text arranged into three columns and continues onto the reverse side, which also includes a coupon for requesting additional information the party and a sample copy of  \"Weekly People\" the party's official publication.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Double-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Socialist Labor Party"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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