{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photography%2C+Stereoscopic\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photography%2C+Stereoscopic\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_761.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs","title_ssm":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"title_tesim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1890s-1910s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1890s-1910s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0539","/repositories/2/resources/761"],"text":["C0539","/repositories/2/resources/761","African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs","United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans","World War, 1914-1918","Photography, Stereoscopic","World War, 1914-1918 -- African Americans","African Americans","Photographs","Photographic prints","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","American Antiquarian Society. n.d. \"Stereographs.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.","Buffalo Soldiers National Museum. n.d. \"Who Are the Buffalo Soldiers?\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://buffalosoldiersmuseum.org/the-buffalo-soldiers/.","National Museum of African American History and Culture. n.d. \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/buffalo-soldiers.","National Portrait Gallery. n.d. \"Stereoscopic Photographs in the Collection.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/stereoscopic-photographs-in-the-collection/.","In 1866, following an act of Congress, six all African American Army units were created: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry divisions. The four infantry divisions were reorganized three years later, in 1869, to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. While African Americans had fought in military conflicts since the colonial era, these units, popularly known as the \"Buffalo Soldiers\" and which included both those formerly enslaved and freemen, were the first to serve during peacetime. Notably, the Buffalo Soldiers served among the country's first National Park Rangers and played a key role in Westward expansion, including escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th cavalry regiments also participated in campaigns against Native American tribes across the Southwest and Great Plains, which is purportedly where the units gained the name \"Buffalo Soldiers,\" although its exact origins are unclear. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers served a formal role in nearly all major American wars following the Civil War, including the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War (1898), and World War I (1917-1918) along with the 369th Infantry Regiment, another all-Black unit known as the \"Harlem Hellfighters.\"","First conceptualized by physicist and experimental philosopher Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1832, the practice of stereoscopy developed into an early form of three-dimensional photography by the mid-late 19th century. Stereographs consist of two photographs taken of the same scene from slightly different angles, that are mounted alongside each other on a single, standard-sized, stiff card. When viewed through a stereoscopic lens, the illusion of a three-dimensional image is achieved by mimicking the human eye's perception of depth, with each eye seeing a slightly different view of the field of vision, which is imitated through the stereograph's two mounted photographs. While popular throughout the early 20th century as entertainment, stereographs were also used in reporting and documenting current events, including parades, disasters, wars, and politics.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War I , including the  Underwood \u0026 Underwood World War I press photographs , and other stereographic photographs can be found in the  Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection .","Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers circa 1890s-1910s, including during and after World War I (WWI). Seven published by the Keystone View Company depict members of the 15th Regiment, 369th Infantry; \"Roosevelt Guard\" and \"Litter Bearers, Medical Detachment,\" 8th Regiment; 2nd Battalion, E., G., A and F, 24th Infantry; and unidentified troops in Europe during WWI. One photograph is attributed to Underwood \u0026 Underwood photographers and two additional photographs include detailed text printed on the back providing context and historical information about the Buffalo Soldiers and \"colored troops.\" Two were published by H.C. White company, indicating a copyright of 1905, and depict members of Troop D, 9th Cavalry on the trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Mariposa Grove, California. Two were published by Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman, indicating dates of 1898-1899, and depict an Industrial Parade at Booker Washington School, Tuskegee, Alabama and members of the 8th U.S. Infantry. The final two photographs were published by Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York) and Underwood \u0026 Underwood (European Publishers) depicting members of the 9th Ohio at Camp Alger, Virginia and \"The original Buffaloes, 367 Infantry\" during Rifle practice at Camp Upton, New York respectively.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0539","/repositories/2/resources/761"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"collection_ssim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Max Rambod Rare Books in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","Photography, Stereoscopic","World War, 1914-1918 -- African Americans","African Americans","Photographs","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","Photography, Stereoscopic","World War, 1914-1918 -- African Americans","African Americans","Photographs","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Photographic prints"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Antiquarian Society. n.d. \"Stereographs.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuffalo Soldiers National Museum. n.d. \"Who Are the Buffalo Soldiers?\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://buffalosoldiersmuseum.org/the-buffalo-soldiers/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Museum of African American History and Culture. n.d. \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/buffalo-soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Portrait Gallery. n.d. \"Stereoscopic Photographs in the Collection.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/stereoscopic-photographs-in-the-collection/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["American Antiquarian Society. n.d. \"Stereographs.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.","Buffalo Soldiers National Museum. n.d. \"Who Are the Buffalo Soldiers?\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://buffalosoldiersmuseum.org/the-buffalo-soldiers/.","National Museum of African American History and Culture. n.d. \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/buffalo-soldiers.","National Portrait Gallery. n.d. \"Stereoscopic Photographs in the Collection.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/stereoscopic-photographs-in-the-collection/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1866, following an act of Congress, six all African American Army units were created: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry divisions. The four infantry divisions were reorganized three years later, in 1869, to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. While African Americans had fought in military conflicts since the colonial era, these units, popularly known as the \"Buffalo Soldiers\" and which included both those formerly enslaved and freemen, were the first to serve during peacetime. Notably, the Buffalo Soldiers served among the country's first National Park Rangers and played a key role in Westward expansion, including escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th cavalry regiments also participated in campaigns against Native American tribes across the Southwest and Great Plains, which is purportedly where the units gained the name \"Buffalo Soldiers,\" although its exact origins are unclear. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers served a formal role in nearly all major American wars following the Civil War, including the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War (1898), and World War I (1917-1918) along with the 369th Infantry Regiment, another all-Black unit known as the \"Harlem Hellfighters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFirst conceptualized by physicist and experimental philosopher Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1832, the practice of stereoscopy developed into an early form of three-dimensional photography by the mid-late 19th century. Stereographs consist of two photographs taken of the same scene from slightly different angles, that are mounted alongside each other on a single, standard-sized, stiff card. When viewed through a stereoscopic lens, the illusion of a three-dimensional image is achieved by mimicking the human eye's perception of depth, with each eye seeing a slightly different view of the field of vision, which is imitated through the stereograph's two mounted photographs. While popular throughout the early 20th century as entertainment, stereographs were also used in reporting and documenting current events, including parades, disasters, wars, and politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1866, following an act of Congress, six all African American Army units were created: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry divisions. The four infantry divisions were reorganized three years later, in 1869, to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. While African Americans had fought in military conflicts since the colonial era, these units, popularly known as the \"Buffalo Soldiers\" and which included both those formerly enslaved and freemen, were the first to serve during peacetime. Notably, the Buffalo Soldiers served among the country's first National Park Rangers and played a key role in Westward expansion, including escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th cavalry regiments also participated in campaigns against Native American tribes across the Southwest and Great Plains, which is purportedly where the units gained the name \"Buffalo Soldiers,\" although its exact origins are unclear. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers served a formal role in nearly all major American wars following the Civil War, including the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War (1898), and World War I (1917-1918) along with the 369th Infantry Regiment, another all-Black unit known as the \"Harlem Hellfighters.\"","First conceptualized by physicist and experimental philosopher Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1832, the practice of stereoscopy developed into an early form of three-dimensional photography by the mid-late 19th century. Stereographs consist of two photographs taken of the same scene from slightly different angles, that are mounted alongside each other on a single, standard-sized, stiff card. When viewed through a stereoscopic lens, the illusion of a three-dimensional image is achieved by mimicking the human eye's perception of depth, with each eye seeing a slightly different view of the field of vision, which is imitated through the stereograph's two mounted photographs. While popular throughout the early 20th century as entertainment, stereographs were also used in reporting and documenting current events, including parades, disasters, wars, and politics."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs, C0539, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs, C0539, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85148236\"\u003eWorld War I\u003c/a\u003e, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0502\"\u003eUnderwood \u0026amp; Underwood World War I press photographs\u003c/a\u003e, and other stereographic photographs can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0511\"\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War I , including the  Underwood \u0026 Underwood World War I press photographs , and other stereographic photographs can be found in the  Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers circa 1890s-1910s, including during and after World War I (WWI). Seven published by the Keystone View Company depict members of the 15th Regiment, 369th Infantry; \"Roosevelt Guard\" and \"Litter Bearers, Medical Detachment,\" 8th Regiment; 2nd Battalion, E., G., A and F, 24th Infantry; and unidentified troops in Europe during WWI. One photograph is attributed to Underwood \u0026amp; Underwood photographers and two additional photographs include detailed text printed on the back providing context and historical information about the Buffalo Soldiers and \"colored troops.\" Two were published by H.C. White company, indicating a copyright of 1905, and depict members of Troop D, 9th Cavalry on the trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Mariposa Grove, California. Two were published by Strohmeyer \u0026amp; Wyman, indicating dates of 1898-1899, and depict an Industrial Parade at Booker Washington School, Tuskegee, Alabama and members of the 8th U.S. Infantry. The final two photographs were published by Webster \u0026amp; Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York) and Underwood \u0026amp; Underwood (European Publishers) depicting members of the 9th Ohio at Camp Alger, Virginia and \"The original Buffaloes, 367 Infantry\" during Rifle practice at Camp Upton, New York respectively.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers circa 1890s-1910s, including during and after World War I (WWI). Seven published by the Keystone View Company depict members of the 15th Regiment, 369th Infantry; \"Roosevelt Guard\" and \"Litter Bearers, Medical Detachment,\" 8th Regiment; 2nd Battalion, E., G., A and F, 24th Infantry; and unidentified troops in Europe during WWI. One photograph is attributed to Underwood \u0026 Underwood photographers and two additional photographs include detailed text printed on the back providing context and historical information about the Buffalo Soldiers and \"colored troops.\" Two were published by H.C. White company, indicating a copyright of 1905, and depict members of Troop D, 9th Cavalry on the trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Mariposa Grove, California. Two were published by Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman, indicating dates of 1898-1899, and depict an Industrial Parade at Booker Washington School, Tuskegee, Alabama and members of the 8th U.S. Infantry. The final two photographs were published by Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York) and Underwood \u0026 Underwood (European Publishers) depicting members of the 9th Ohio at Camp Alger, Virginia and \"The original Buffaloes, 367 Infantry\" during Rifle practice at Camp Upton, New York respectively."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d3fa1fe7c98076307fccc07df27c7ebd\"\u003eThirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fc5aacd7cedb4795a66a246dc221e394\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:35:13.552Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_761.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs","title_ssm":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"title_tesim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1890s-1910s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1890s-1910s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0539","/repositories/2/resources/761"],"text":["C0539","/repositories/2/resources/761","African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs","United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans","World War, 1914-1918","Photography, Stereoscopic","World War, 1914-1918 -- African Americans","African Americans","Photographs","Photographic prints","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","American Antiquarian Society. n.d. \"Stereographs.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.","Buffalo Soldiers National Museum. n.d. \"Who Are the Buffalo Soldiers?\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://buffalosoldiersmuseum.org/the-buffalo-soldiers/.","National Museum of African American History and Culture. n.d. \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/buffalo-soldiers.","National Portrait Gallery. n.d. \"Stereoscopic Photographs in the Collection.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/stereoscopic-photographs-in-the-collection/.","In 1866, following an act of Congress, six all African American Army units were created: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry divisions. The four infantry divisions were reorganized three years later, in 1869, to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. While African Americans had fought in military conflicts since the colonial era, these units, popularly known as the \"Buffalo Soldiers\" and which included both those formerly enslaved and freemen, were the first to serve during peacetime. Notably, the Buffalo Soldiers served among the country's first National Park Rangers and played a key role in Westward expansion, including escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th cavalry regiments also participated in campaigns against Native American tribes across the Southwest and Great Plains, which is purportedly where the units gained the name \"Buffalo Soldiers,\" although its exact origins are unclear. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers served a formal role in nearly all major American wars following the Civil War, including the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War (1898), and World War I (1917-1918) along with the 369th Infantry Regiment, another all-Black unit known as the \"Harlem Hellfighters.\"","First conceptualized by physicist and experimental philosopher Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1832, the practice of stereoscopy developed into an early form of three-dimensional photography by the mid-late 19th century. Stereographs consist of two photographs taken of the same scene from slightly different angles, that are mounted alongside each other on a single, standard-sized, stiff card. When viewed through a stereoscopic lens, the illusion of a three-dimensional image is achieved by mimicking the human eye's perception of depth, with each eye seeing a slightly different view of the field of vision, which is imitated through the stereograph's two mounted photographs. While popular throughout the early 20th century as entertainment, stereographs were also used in reporting and documenting current events, including parades, disasters, wars, and politics.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War I , including the  Underwood \u0026 Underwood World War I press photographs , and other stereographic photographs can be found in the  Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection .","Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers circa 1890s-1910s, including during and after World War I (WWI). Seven published by the Keystone View Company depict members of the 15th Regiment, 369th Infantry; \"Roosevelt Guard\" and \"Litter Bearers, Medical Detachment,\" 8th Regiment; 2nd Battalion, E., G., A and F, 24th Infantry; and unidentified troops in Europe during WWI. One photograph is attributed to Underwood \u0026 Underwood photographers and two additional photographs include detailed text printed on the back providing context and historical information about the Buffalo Soldiers and \"colored troops.\" Two were published by H.C. White company, indicating a copyright of 1905, and depict members of Troop D, 9th Cavalry on the trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Mariposa Grove, California. Two were published by Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman, indicating dates of 1898-1899, and depict an Industrial Parade at Booker Washington School, Tuskegee, Alabama and members of the 8th U.S. Infantry. The final two photographs were published by Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York) and Underwood \u0026 Underwood (European Publishers) depicting members of the 9th Ohio at Camp Alger, Virginia and \"The original Buffaloes, 367 Infantry\" during Rifle practice at Camp Upton, New York respectively.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0539","/repositories/2/resources/761"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"collection_ssim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Armed Forces -- African Americans"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Max Rambod Rare Books in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","Photography, Stereoscopic","World War, 1914-1918 -- African Americans","African Americans","Photographs","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","Photography, Stereoscopic","World War, 1914-1918 -- African Americans","African Americans","Photographs","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Photographic prints"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Antiquarian Society. n.d. \"Stereographs.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBuffalo Soldiers National Museum. n.d. \"Who Are the Buffalo Soldiers?\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://buffalosoldiersmuseum.org/the-buffalo-soldiers/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Museum of African American History and Culture. n.d. \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/buffalo-soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Portrait Gallery. n.d. \"Stereoscopic Photographs in the Collection.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/stereoscopic-photographs-in-the-collection/.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["American Antiquarian Society. n.d. \"Stereographs.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.","Buffalo Soldiers National Museum. n.d. \"Who Are the Buffalo Soldiers?\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://buffalosoldiersmuseum.org/the-buffalo-soldiers/.","National Museum of African American History and Culture. n.d. \"Buffalo Soldiers.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/buffalo-soldiers.","National Portrait Gallery. n.d. \"Stereoscopic Photographs in the Collection.\" Accessed December 5, 2025. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/stereoscopic-photographs-in-the-collection/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1866, following an act of Congress, six all African American Army units were created: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry divisions. The four infantry divisions were reorganized three years later, in 1869, to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. While African Americans had fought in military conflicts since the colonial era, these units, popularly known as the \"Buffalo Soldiers\" and which included both those formerly enslaved and freemen, were the first to serve during peacetime. Notably, the Buffalo Soldiers served among the country's first National Park Rangers and played a key role in Westward expansion, including escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th cavalry regiments also participated in campaigns against Native American tribes across the Southwest and Great Plains, which is purportedly where the units gained the name \"Buffalo Soldiers,\" although its exact origins are unclear. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers served a formal role in nearly all major American wars following the Civil War, including the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War (1898), and World War I (1917-1918) along with the 369th Infantry Regiment, another all-Black unit known as the \"Harlem Hellfighters.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFirst conceptualized by physicist and experimental philosopher Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1832, the practice of stereoscopy developed into an early form of three-dimensional photography by the mid-late 19th century. Stereographs consist of two photographs taken of the same scene from slightly different angles, that are mounted alongside each other on a single, standard-sized, stiff card. When viewed through a stereoscopic lens, the illusion of a three-dimensional image is achieved by mimicking the human eye's perception of depth, with each eye seeing a slightly different view of the field of vision, which is imitated through the stereograph's two mounted photographs. While popular throughout the early 20th century as entertainment, stereographs were also used in reporting and documenting current events, including parades, disasters, wars, and politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1866, following an act of Congress, six all African American Army units were created: the 9th and 10th cavalry and the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantry divisions. The four infantry divisions were reorganized three years later, in 1869, to form the 24th and 25th infantry regiments. While African Americans had fought in military conflicts since the colonial era, these units, popularly known as the \"Buffalo Soldiers\" and which included both those formerly enslaved and freemen, were the first to serve during peacetime. Notably, the Buffalo Soldiers served among the country's first National Park Rangers and played a key role in Westward expansion, including escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th cavalry regiments also participated in campaigns against Native American tribes across the Southwest and Great Plains, which is purportedly where the units gained the name \"Buffalo Soldiers,\" although its exact origins are unclear. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers served a formal role in nearly all major American wars following the Civil War, including the Battle of San Juan Hill during the Spanish American War (1898), and World War I (1917-1918) along with the 369th Infantry Regiment, another all-Black unit known as the \"Harlem Hellfighters.\"","First conceptualized by physicist and experimental philosopher Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1832, the practice of stereoscopy developed into an early form of three-dimensional photography by the mid-late 19th century. Stereographs consist of two photographs taken of the same scene from slightly different angles, that are mounted alongside each other on a single, standard-sized, stiff card. When viewed through a stereoscopic lens, the illusion of a three-dimensional image is achieved by mimicking the human eye's perception of depth, with each eye seeing a slightly different view of the field of vision, which is imitated through the stereograph's two mounted photographs. While popular throughout the early 20th century as entertainment, stereographs were also used in reporting and documenting current events, including parades, disasters, wars, and politics."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs, C0539, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Buffalo Soldiers stereoscopic photographs, C0539, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85148236\"\u003eWorld War I\u003c/a\u003e, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0502\"\u003eUnderwood \u0026amp; Underwood World War I press photographs\u003c/a\u003e, and other stereographic photographs can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0511\"\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War I , including the  Underwood \u0026 Underwood World War I press photographs , and other stereographic photographs can be found in the  Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers circa 1890s-1910s, including during and after World War I (WWI). Seven published by the Keystone View Company depict members of the 15th Regiment, 369th Infantry; \"Roosevelt Guard\" and \"Litter Bearers, Medical Detachment,\" 8th Regiment; 2nd Battalion, E., G., A and F, 24th Infantry; and unidentified troops in Europe during WWI. One photograph is attributed to Underwood \u0026amp; Underwood photographers and two additional photographs include detailed text printed on the back providing context and historical information about the Buffalo Soldiers and \"colored troops.\" Two were published by H.C. White company, indicating a copyright of 1905, and depict members of Troop D, 9th Cavalry on the trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Mariposa Grove, California. Two were published by Strohmeyer \u0026amp; Wyman, indicating dates of 1898-1899, and depict an Industrial Parade at Booker Washington School, Tuskegee, Alabama and members of the 8th U.S. Infantry. The final two photographs were published by Webster \u0026amp; Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York) and Underwood \u0026amp; Underwood (European Publishers) depicting members of the 9th Ohio at Camp Alger, Virginia and \"The original Buffaloes, 367 Infantry\" during Rifle practice at Camp Upton, New York respectively.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers circa 1890s-1910s, including during and after World War I (WWI). Seven published by the Keystone View Company depict members of the 15th Regiment, 369th Infantry; \"Roosevelt Guard\" and \"Litter Bearers, Medical Detachment,\" 8th Regiment; 2nd Battalion, E., G., A and F, 24th Infantry; and unidentified troops in Europe during WWI. One photograph is attributed to Underwood \u0026 Underwood photographers and two additional photographs include detailed text printed on the back providing context and historical information about the Buffalo Soldiers and \"colored troops.\" Two were published by H.C. White company, indicating a copyright of 1905, and depict members of Troop D, 9th Cavalry on the trunk of the Fallen Monarch, Mariposa Grove, California. Two were published by Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman, indicating dates of 1898-1899, and depict an Industrial Parade at Booker Washington School, Tuskegee, Alabama and members of the 8th U.S. Infantry. The final two photographs were published by Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York) and Underwood \u0026 Underwood (European Publishers) depicting members of the 9th Ohio at Camp Alger, Virginia and \"The original Buffaloes, 367 Infantry\" during Rifle practice at Camp Upton, New York respectively."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d3fa1fe7c98076307fccc07df27c7ebd\"\u003eThirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Thirteen stereoscopic photographs of African American Buffalo Soldiers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fc5aacd7cedb4795a66a246dc221e394\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"names_coll_ssim":["Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Keystone View Company","H.C. White Co","Strohmeyer \u0026 Wyman","Underwood \u0026 Underwood","Webster \u0026 Albee Publishers (Rochester, New York)","United States. Army. Cavalry, 9th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 24th (1869-1951)","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th","United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 370th"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:35:13.552Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_761"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry Denison Cole Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8976#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8976#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncluded are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8976#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8976.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cole, Henry Denison Papers","title_ssm":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.1 C67","/repositories/2/resources/8976"],"text":["Mss. 39.1 C67","/repositories/2/resources/8976","Henry Denison Cole Papers","Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office","African Americans--Virginia--Suffrage","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Democratic Party (Williamsburg, Va.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Virginia. Constitutional Convention (1901-1902)","Virginia. Militia. Wise Light Infantry","Voting--Virginia--History","Medicine--Prescriptions--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into fourteen Series: 1. Papers of Williamsburg City Council, 2. Papers of Williamsburg Post Office, 3. Miscellaneous Letters, 4. Business Papers of H. D. Cole, 5. Papers of the Cole Family, 6. Papers relating to William and Mary College, 7. Wise Infantry Minute Book, etc., 8. Printed Material and Stereoptican Slides, 9. William and Mary Alumni Association, 10. Post Card and Shop Account Book, 11. Papers Relating to Schools, 12. Bruton Parish Records, 13. Williamsburg Democratic Records, and 14. Artifacts.","Henry Denison Cole (1856-1938) was a resident of Williamsburg for his entire life. He operated a book shop on Duke of Gloucester Street and served as postmaster of Williamsburg, 1884-1889; treasurer of Bruton Parish Church; secretary of the alumni of the College of William and Mary; judge of elections and member of the Democratic committee; the Williamsburg school board; and the board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Other Information:"," Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.frame","Included are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg."," Also accounts of the state school funds, 1894-1911; the city school funds, 1906-1911, 1919-1924; Bruton Parish Church 1897-1938; and of Robert F. Cole (father of Henry D. Cole), 1843-1856."," Also lists of registered voters in Williamsburg, 1889-1896, 1902-1925, and papers relating to property in Williamsburg and the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, 1905-1906."," The collection also includes stereoptican slides and letters from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller."," Includes W. T. Roberts letter, 20 November 1901 criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"   Roberts was rector of Bruton Parish Church  (Box 4, folder 1)"," The finding aid for this collection is available online at: ","Henry Denison Cole's papers from his participation in Williamsburg Area organizations.","Papers of the Williamsburg City Council, including a manuscript draft of the first ordinance regulating automobile traffic, contract for city gas lighting system, duties of city scavenger, papers regarding bond issue for city water works and sewage disposal, 1889-1891. Doctor bills for small-pox vaccinations, 1899.","Papers of Williamsburg Post Office while Cole served as Postmaster.","Includes fire insurance contract, Eastern State Hospital letter from the engineer, Colonial Hotel emphemera, arrest warrant and letters from local citizens about local matters, North Carolina Coupon Bond, 1861.  Programs for \"The Unveiling of a Monument of the site of the Old Capitol...1904,\" \"Celebration of the Ter-Centennial at Jamestown Island...1907, First Peninsula School Fair, 1913, Farmers' Institute 1905;\" flyer for Educational and Civic Association 'Trip Around the World,'and inventation to luncheon at the Colonial Inn, 1910.","Three 1873 letters from Benjamin S. Ewell. Legal papers with William \u0026 Mary, sealed and signed by Robert Saunders, 1847. Receipt to Gustavus Lobby for philosophy course, signed by Silas Totten, 1851. Open letter from W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish Church, criticizing the college, President Tyler, and the Vice President of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper,\" 1901 November 20.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"  ","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Financial papers of Bruton Parish Church, 1897-1938. Reply of President Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish, 1901.W. T. Roberts Letter, 20 November 1901.","Letter from Roberts who was rector of Bruton Parish Church criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"20 November 1901","Reply of William and Mary president Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, rector of Bruton Parish Church. 20 November 1901","Bound volume of contributions to Bruton Parish Church, 1930.","Financial and business papers of Burton Parish Church arranged by years, 1924-1936.","Bound volume of minutes of Democratic Committee in Williamsburg. In this volume, laid-in, is a Poll Tax poster for Williamsburg, ca. late 1800's-early 1900's. Registered voters in the city white and colored lists, 1889-1896. In the back of the volume there is a collection of ballots. Three bound volumes with lists of registered voters in the city, 1902-1925. Minutes of the Williamsburg Democratic Committee during the presidential campaign, 1900-1904.","Minute book of the Wise Light Infantry Company of Williamsburg, 1881-1882. Printed copy of agreement between the City of Williamsburg and Williamsburg Holding Company, now Colonial Williamsburg, 1928. Newspaper clippings, primarily of Yorktown Centennial Celebration, including 1881 October 18 edition of Army and Navy Register listing events, people, military units and their officers.","Includes rent and sale contracts for his Williamsburg property. Sale for standing lumber, tax returns, fire insurance policies, four certificates from governors appointing Cole to board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital, lawsuit judgments (1907), Richmond and York River Railroad Company share, January-October 1857 store account for Catherine Maupin, contract between C. Burress and John C. Tilford for property in Williamsburg, 1871.","Concerning property of H. D. Cole, his father Robert F. Cole, his grandfather Jesse Cole.","Bound property sales account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts.","Bound Property sale account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others, undated; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts (1846-1891).","Wood and periodical accounts of Cole's shop","Notes, memos and clippings used to prepare post cards and souvenir booklets","Assorted newspaper clippings,including page about legal proceedings, 1990 and account of burning of Williamsburg Courthouse, 6 April 1911.","Letter from Paris describing his balloon ascent from E. W. Blodgett, 1899 October 9. Public reaction to Dreyfus case. Letter on growth and development around Lynchburg, 1911 April 16. Letters political and personal, 1888-1936. Letter regarding C. H. Fine, 1911. Letter from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1934 March 2. Letter from Abby A. Rockefeller. Letter from John Clofton to Cole about death of Cole's father, 1887.","Letters from Lucy Winder to her parents while on a European tour.","Remedy for Lock Jaw and Putrid Sore Throat.","125 stereographs.","Hand-thrown stoneware cup and saucer. Tea cup is bowl-shaped and has no handle. Mottled semi-gloss glazes in brown, yellow, green and gray. No visible maker's mark; wheel-throwing marks visible on the bottom of saucer. Dimensions: cup 1 3/4\" H x 3 1/8\"; diameter; saucer 1 1/8\" H x 4 7/8\" diameter. Condition is good; cup has two small cracks from firing, and glaze crazing exhibits some stains from use. Images available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452400185 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452525163.","The Language of Flowers, published by George Routledge and Son, Ltd., London. Includes notation: \"Mr. H.D. Cole, Sept. 1892, Natural Bridge\" and November 19, 1935.\nMoved to Rare Books.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Cole Family","Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.1 C67","/repositories/2/resources/8976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office"],"creator_ssm":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Cole Family","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Cole Family","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cole Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Cole Family"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia--Suffrage","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Democratic Party (Williamsburg, Va.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Virginia. Constitutional Convention (1901-1902)","Virginia. Militia. Wise Light Infantry","Voting--Virginia--History","Medicine--Prescriptions--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia--Suffrage","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Democratic Party (Williamsburg, Va.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Virginia. Constitutional Convention (1901-1902)","Virginia. Militia. Wise Light Infantry","Voting--Virginia--History","Medicine--Prescriptions--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["13.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into fourteen Series: 1. Papers of Williamsburg City Council, 2. Papers of Williamsburg Post Office, 3. Miscellaneous Letters, 4. Business Papers of H. D. Cole, 5. Papers of the Cole Family, 6. Papers relating to William and Mary College, 7. Wise Infantry Minute Book, etc., 8. Printed Material and Stereoptican Slides, 9. William and Mary Alumni Association, 10. Post Card and Shop Account Book, 11. Papers Relating to Schools, 12. Bruton Parish Records, 13. Williamsburg Democratic Records, and 14. Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into fourteen Series: 1. Papers of Williamsburg City Council, 2. Papers of Williamsburg Post Office, 3. Miscellaneous Letters, 4. Business Papers of H. D. Cole, 5. Papers of the Cole Family, 6. Papers relating to William and Mary College, 7. Wise Infantry Minute Book, etc., 8. Printed Material and Stereoptican Slides, 9. William and Mary Alumni Association, 10. Post Card and Shop Account Book, 11. Papers Relating to Schools, 12. Bruton Parish Records, 13. Williamsburg Democratic Records, and 14. Artifacts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Denison Cole (1856-1938) was a resident of Williamsburg for his entire life. He operated a book shop on Duke of Gloucester Street and served as postmaster of Williamsburg, 1884-1889; treasurer of Bruton Parish Church; secretary of the alumni of the College of William and Mary; judge of elections and member of the Democratic committee; the Williamsburg school board; and the board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Henry_Denison_Cole\" title=\"Henry Denison Cole\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Denison Cole (1856-1938) was a resident of Williamsburg for his entire life. He operated a book shop on Duke of Gloucester Street and served as postmaster of Williamsburg, 1884-1889; treasurer of Bruton Parish Church; secretary of the alumni of the College of William and Mary; judge of elections and member of the Democratic committee; the Williamsburg school board; and the board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.frame\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:"," Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.frame"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCole Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Denison Cole Papers.  Incorrectly titled as \"Cole Papers\" in Archival Resources of the Virginias.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cole Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Henry Denison Cole Papers.  Incorrectly titled as \"Cole Papers\" in Archival Resources of the Virginias.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncluded are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Also accounts of the state school funds, 1894-1911; the city school funds, 1906-1911, 1919-1924; Bruton Parish Church 1897-1938; and of Robert F. Cole (father of Henry D. Cole), 1843-1856.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Also lists of registered voters in Williamsburg, 1889-1896, 1902-1925, and papers relating to property in Williamsburg and the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, 1905-1906.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The collection also includes stereoptican slides and letters from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Includes W. T. Roberts letter, 20 November 1901 criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"   Roberts was rector of Bruton Parish Church  (Box 4, folder 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The finding aid for this collection is available online at: \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://vip.lib.virginia.edu:8080/cocoon/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.xml.frame\" title=\"viw00005.xml.frame\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Denison Cole's papers from his participation in Williamsburg Area organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Williamsburg City Council, including a manuscript draft of the first ordinance regulating automobile traffic, contract for city gas lighting system, duties of city scavenger, papers regarding bond issue for city water works and sewage disposal, 1889-1891. Doctor bills for small-pox vaccinations, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers of Williamsburg Post Office while Cole served as Postmaster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes fire insurance contract, Eastern State Hospital letter from the engineer, Colonial Hotel emphemera, arrest warrant and letters from local citizens about local matters, North Carolina Coupon Bond, 1861.  Programs for \"The Unveiling of a Monument of the site of the Old Capitol...1904,\" \"Celebration of the Ter-Centennial at Jamestown Island...1907, First Peninsula School Fair, 1913, Farmers' Institute 1905;\" flyer for Educational and Civic Association 'Trip Around the World,'and inventation to luncheon at the Colonial Inn, 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree 1873 letters from Benjamin S. Ewell. Legal papers with William \u0026amp; Mary, sealed and signed by Robert Saunders, 1847. Receipt to Gustavus Lobby for philosophy course, signed by Silas Totten, 1851. Open letter from W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish Church, criticizing the college, President Tyler, and the Vice President of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper,\" 1901 November 20.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial papers of Bruton Parish Church, 1897-1938. Reply of President Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish, 1901.W. T. Roberts Letter, 20 November 1901.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Roberts who was rector of Bruton Parish Church criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"20 November 1901\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReply of William and Mary president Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, rector of Bruton Parish Church. 20 November 1901\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of contributions to Bruton Parish Church, 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial and business papers of Burton Parish Church arranged by years, 1924-1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of minutes of Democratic Committee in Williamsburg. In this volume, laid-in, is a Poll Tax poster for Williamsburg, ca. late 1800's-early 1900's. Registered voters in the city white and colored lists, 1889-1896. In the back of the volume there is a collection of ballots. Three bound volumes with lists of registered voters in the city, 1902-1925. Minutes of the Williamsburg Democratic Committee during the presidential campaign, 1900-1904.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinute book of the Wise Light Infantry Company of Williamsburg, 1881-1882. Printed copy of agreement between the City of Williamsburg and Williamsburg Holding Company, now Colonial Williamsburg, 1928. Newspaper clippings, primarily of Yorktown Centennial Celebration, including 1881 October 18 edition of Army and Navy Register listing events, people, military units and their officers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes rent and sale contracts for his Williamsburg property. Sale for standing lumber, tax returns, fire insurance policies, four certificates from governors appointing Cole to board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital, lawsuit judgments (1907), Richmond and York River Railroad Company share, January-October 1857 store account for Catherine Maupin, contract between C. Burress and John C. Tilford for property in Williamsburg, 1871.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning property of H. D. Cole, his father Robert F. Cole, his grandfather Jesse Cole.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound property sales account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026amp; Mary, Williamsburg and others; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound Property sale account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026amp; Mary, Williamsburg and others, undated; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts (1846-1891).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWood and periodical accounts of Cole's shop\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes, memos and clippings used to prepare post cards and souvenir booklets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted newspaper clippings,including page about legal proceedings, 1990 and account of burning of Williamsburg Courthouse, 6 April 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Paris describing his balloon ascent from E. W. Blodgett, 1899 October 9. Public reaction to Dreyfus case. Letter on growth and development around Lynchburg, 1911 April 16. Letters political and personal, 1888-1936. Letter regarding C. H. Fine, 1911. Letter from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1934 March 2. Letter from Abby A. Rockefeller. Letter from John Clofton to Cole about death of Cole's father, 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Lucy Winder to her parents while on a European tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemedy for Lock Jaw and Putrid Sore Throat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e125 stereographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHand-thrown stoneware cup and saucer. Tea cup is bowl-shaped and has no handle. Mottled semi-gloss glazes in brown, yellow, green and gray. No visible maker's mark; wheel-throwing marks visible on the bottom of saucer. Dimensions: cup 1 3/4\" H x 3 1/8\"; diameter; saucer 1 1/8\" H x 4 7/8\" diameter. Condition is good; cup has two small cracks from firing, and glaze crazing exhibits some stains from use. Images available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452400185 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452525163.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Included are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg."," Also accounts of the state school funds, 1894-1911; the city school funds, 1906-1911, 1919-1924; Bruton Parish Church 1897-1938; and of Robert F. Cole (father of Henry D. Cole), 1843-1856."," Also lists of registered voters in Williamsburg, 1889-1896, 1902-1925, and papers relating to property in Williamsburg and the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, 1905-1906."," The collection also includes stereoptican slides and letters from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller."," Includes W. T. Roberts letter, 20 November 1901 criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"   Roberts was rector of Bruton Parish Church  (Box 4, folder 1)"," The finding aid for this collection is available online at: ","Henry Denison Cole's papers from his participation in Williamsburg Area organizations.","Papers of the Williamsburg City Council, including a manuscript draft of the first ordinance regulating automobile traffic, contract for city gas lighting system, duties of city scavenger, papers regarding bond issue for city water works and sewage disposal, 1889-1891. Doctor bills for small-pox vaccinations, 1899.","Papers of Williamsburg Post Office while Cole served as Postmaster.","Includes fire insurance contract, Eastern State Hospital letter from the engineer, Colonial Hotel emphemera, arrest warrant and letters from local citizens about local matters, North Carolina Coupon Bond, 1861.  Programs for \"The Unveiling of a Monument of the site of the Old Capitol...1904,\" \"Celebration of the Ter-Centennial at Jamestown Island...1907, First Peninsula School Fair, 1913, Farmers' Institute 1905;\" flyer for Educational and Civic Association 'Trip Around the World,'and inventation to luncheon at the Colonial Inn, 1910.","Three 1873 letters from Benjamin S. Ewell. Legal papers with William \u0026 Mary, sealed and signed by Robert Saunders, 1847. Receipt to Gustavus Lobby for philosophy course, signed by Silas Totten, 1851. Open letter from W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish Church, criticizing the college, President Tyler, and the Vice President of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper,\" 1901 November 20.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"  ","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Financial papers of Bruton Parish Church, 1897-1938. Reply of President Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish, 1901.W. T. Roberts Letter, 20 November 1901.","Letter from Roberts who was rector of Bruton Parish Church criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"20 November 1901","Reply of William and Mary president Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, rector of Bruton Parish Church. 20 November 1901","Bound volume of contributions to Bruton Parish Church, 1930.","Financial and business papers of Burton Parish Church arranged by years, 1924-1936.","Bound volume of minutes of Democratic Committee in Williamsburg. In this volume, laid-in, is a Poll Tax poster for Williamsburg, ca. late 1800's-early 1900's. Registered voters in the city white and colored lists, 1889-1896. In the back of the volume there is a collection of ballots. Three bound volumes with lists of registered voters in the city, 1902-1925. Minutes of the Williamsburg Democratic Committee during the presidential campaign, 1900-1904.","Minute book of the Wise Light Infantry Company of Williamsburg, 1881-1882. Printed copy of agreement between the City of Williamsburg and Williamsburg Holding Company, now Colonial Williamsburg, 1928. Newspaper clippings, primarily of Yorktown Centennial Celebration, including 1881 October 18 edition of Army and Navy Register listing events, people, military units and their officers.","Includes rent and sale contracts for his Williamsburg property. Sale for standing lumber, tax returns, fire insurance policies, four certificates from governors appointing Cole to board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital, lawsuit judgments (1907), Richmond and York River Railroad Company share, January-October 1857 store account for Catherine Maupin, contract between C. Burress and John C. Tilford for property in Williamsburg, 1871.","Concerning property of H. D. Cole, his father Robert F. Cole, his grandfather Jesse Cole.","Bound property sales account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts.","Bound Property sale account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others, undated; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts (1846-1891).","Wood and periodical accounts of Cole's shop","Notes, memos and clippings used to prepare post cards and souvenir booklets","Assorted newspaper clippings,including page about legal proceedings, 1990 and account of burning of Williamsburg Courthouse, 6 April 1911.","Letter from Paris describing his balloon ascent from E. W. Blodgett, 1899 October 9. Public reaction to Dreyfus case. Letter on growth and development around Lynchburg, 1911 April 16. Letters political and personal, 1888-1936. Letter regarding C. H. Fine, 1911. Letter from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1934 March 2. Letter from Abby A. Rockefeller. Letter from John Clofton to Cole about death of Cole's father, 1887.","Letters from Lucy Winder to her parents while on a European tour.","Remedy for Lock Jaw and Putrid Sore Throat.","125 stereographs.","Hand-thrown stoneware cup and saucer. Tea cup is bowl-shaped and has no handle. Mottled semi-gloss glazes in brown, yellow, green and gray. No visible maker's mark; wheel-throwing marks visible on the bottom of saucer. Dimensions: cup 1 3/4\" H x 3 1/8\"; diameter; saucer 1 1/8\" H x 4 7/8\" diameter. Condition is good; cup has two small cracks from firing, and glaze crazing exhibits some stains from use. Images available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452400185 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452525163."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Language of Flowers, published by George Routledge and Son, Ltd., London. Includes notation: \"Mr. H.D. Cole, Sept. 1892, Natural Bridge\" and November 19, 1935.\nMoved to Rare Books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The Language of Flowers, published by George Routledge and Son, Ltd., London. Includes notation: \"Mr. H.D. Cole, Sept. 1892, Natural Bridge\" and November 19, 1935.\nMoved to Rare Books."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Cole Family","Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"famname_ssim":["Cole Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:55:06.862Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8976","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8976.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cole, Henry Denison Papers","title_ssm":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.1 C67","/repositories/2/resources/8976"],"text":["Mss. 39.1 C67","/repositories/2/resources/8976","Henry Denison Cole Papers","Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office","African Americans--Virginia--Suffrage","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Democratic Party (Williamsburg, Va.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Virginia. Constitutional Convention (1901-1902)","Virginia. Militia. Wise Light Infantry","Voting--Virginia--History","Medicine--Prescriptions--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged into fourteen Series: 1. Papers of Williamsburg City Council, 2. Papers of Williamsburg Post Office, 3. Miscellaneous Letters, 4. Business Papers of H. D. Cole, 5. Papers of the Cole Family, 6. Papers relating to William and Mary College, 7. Wise Infantry Minute Book, etc., 8. Printed Material and Stereoptican Slides, 9. William and Mary Alumni Association, 10. Post Card and Shop Account Book, 11. Papers Relating to Schools, 12. Bruton Parish Records, 13. Williamsburg Democratic Records, and 14. Artifacts.","Henry Denison Cole (1856-1938) was a resident of Williamsburg for his entire life. He operated a book shop on Duke of Gloucester Street and served as postmaster of Williamsburg, 1884-1889; treasurer of Bruton Parish Church; secretary of the alumni of the College of William and Mary; judge of elections and member of the Democratic committee; the Williamsburg school board; and the board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Other Information:"," Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.frame","Included are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg."," Also accounts of the state school funds, 1894-1911; the city school funds, 1906-1911, 1919-1924; Bruton Parish Church 1897-1938; and of Robert F. Cole (father of Henry D. Cole), 1843-1856."," Also lists of registered voters in Williamsburg, 1889-1896, 1902-1925, and papers relating to property in Williamsburg and the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, 1905-1906."," The collection also includes stereoptican slides and letters from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller."," Includes W. T. Roberts letter, 20 November 1901 criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"   Roberts was rector of Bruton Parish Church  (Box 4, folder 1)"," The finding aid for this collection is available online at: ","Henry Denison Cole's papers from his participation in Williamsburg Area organizations.","Papers of the Williamsburg City Council, including a manuscript draft of the first ordinance regulating automobile traffic, contract for city gas lighting system, duties of city scavenger, papers regarding bond issue for city water works and sewage disposal, 1889-1891. Doctor bills for small-pox vaccinations, 1899.","Papers of Williamsburg Post Office while Cole served as Postmaster.","Includes fire insurance contract, Eastern State Hospital letter from the engineer, Colonial Hotel emphemera, arrest warrant and letters from local citizens about local matters, North Carolina Coupon Bond, 1861.  Programs for \"The Unveiling of a Monument of the site of the Old Capitol...1904,\" \"Celebration of the Ter-Centennial at Jamestown Island...1907, First Peninsula School Fair, 1913, Farmers' Institute 1905;\" flyer for Educational and Civic Association 'Trip Around the World,'and inventation to luncheon at the Colonial Inn, 1910.","Three 1873 letters from Benjamin S. Ewell. Legal papers with William \u0026 Mary, sealed and signed by Robert Saunders, 1847. Receipt to Gustavus Lobby for philosophy course, signed by Silas Totten, 1851. Open letter from W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish Church, criticizing the college, President Tyler, and the Vice President of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper,\" 1901 November 20.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"  ","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Financial papers of Bruton Parish Church, 1897-1938. Reply of President Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish, 1901.W. T. Roberts Letter, 20 November 1901.","Letter from Roberts who was rector of Bruton Parish Church criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"20 November 1901","Reply of William and Mary president Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, rector of Bruton Parish Church. 20 November 1901","Bound volume of contributions to Bruton Parish Church, 1930.","Financial and business papers of Burton Parish Church arranged by years, 1924-1936.","Bound volume of minutes of Democratic Committee in Williamsburg. In this volume, laid-in, is a Poll Tax poster for Williamsburg, ca. late 1800's-early 1900's. Registered voters in the city white and colored lists, 1889-1896. In the back of the volume there is a collection of ballots. Three bound volumes with lists of registered voters in the city, 1902-1925. Minutes of the Williamsburg Democratic Committee during the presidential campaign, 1900-1904.","Minute book of the Wise Light Infantry Company of Williamsburg, 1881-1882. Printed copy of agreement between the City of Williamsburg and Williamsburg Holding Company, now Colonial Williamsburg, 1928. Newspaper clippings, primarily of Yorktown Centennial Celebration, including 1881 October 18 edition of Army and Navy Register listing events, people, military units and their officers.","Includes rent and sale contracts for his Williamsburg property. Sale for standing lumber, tax returns, fire insurance policies, four certificates from governors appointing Cole to board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital, lawsuit judgments (1907), Richmond and York River Railroad Company share, January-October 1857 store account for Catherine Maupin, contract between C. Burress and John C. Tilford for property in Williamsburg, 1871.","Concerning property of H. D. Cole, his father Robert F. Cole, his grandfather Jesse Cole.","Bound property sales account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts.","Bound Property sale account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others, undated; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts (1846-1891).","Wood and periodical accounts of Cole's shop","Notes, memos and clippings used to prepare post cards and souvenir booklets","Assorted newspaper clippings,including page about legal proceedings, 1990 and account of burning of Williamsburg Courthouse, 6 April 1911.","Letter from Paris describing his balloon ascent from E. W. Blodgett, 1899 October 9. Public reaction to Dreyfus case. Letter on growth and development around Lynchburg, 1911 April 16. Letters political and personal, 1888-1936. Letter regarding C. H. Fine, 1911. Letter from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1934 March 2. Letter from Abby A. Rockefeller. Letter from John Clofton to Cole about death of Cole's father, 1887.","Letters from Lucy Winder to her parents while on a European tour.","Remedy for Lock Jaw and Putrid Sore Throat.","125 stereographs.","Hand-thrown stoneware cup and saucer. Tea cup is bowl-shaped and has no handle. Mottled semi-gloss glazes in brown, yellow, green and gray. No visible maker's mark; wheel-throwing marks visible on the bottom of saucer. Dimensions: cup 1 3/4\" H x 3 1/8\"; diameter; saucer 1 1/8\" H x 4 7/8\" diameter. Condition is good; cup has two small cracks from firing, and glaze crazing exhibits some stains from use. Images available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452400185 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452525163.","The Language of Flowers, published by George Routledge and Son, Ltd., London. Includes notation: \"Mr. H.D. Cole, Sept. 1892, Natural Bridge\" and November 19, 1935.\nMoved to Rare Books.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Cole Family","Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.1 C67","/repositories/2/resources/8976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Denison Cole Papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office"],"creator_ssm":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Cole Family","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Cole Family","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cole Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Cole Family"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--City Council","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Post Office"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia--Suffrage","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Democratic Party (Williamsburg, Va.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Virginia. Constitutional Convention (1901-1902)","Virginia. Militia. Wise Light Infantry","Voting--Virginia--History","Medicine--Prescriptions--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia--Suffrage","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Democratic Party (Williamsburg, Va.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Virginia. Constitutional Convention (1901-1902)","Virginia. Militia. Wise Light Infantry","Voting--Virginia--History","Medicine--Prescriptions--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["13.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Minutes","Photographs","Slides (photographs)","Stereographs","Programs","Broadsides"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into fourteen Series: 1. Papers of Williamsburg City Council, 2. Papers of Williamsburg Post Office, 3. Miscellaneous Letters, 4. Business Papers of H. D. Cole, 5. Papers of the Cole Family, 6. Papers relating to William and Mary College, 7. Wise Infantry Minute Book, etc., 8. Printed Material and Stereoptican Slides, 9. William and Mary Alumni Association, 10. Post Card and Shop Account Book, 11. Papers Relating to Schools, 12. Bruton Parish Records, 13. Williamsburg Democratic Records, and 14. Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into fourteen Series: 1. Papers of Williamsburg City Council, 2. Papers of Williamsburg Post Office, 3. Miscellaneous Letters, 4. Business Papers of H. D. Cole, 5. Papers of the Cole Family, 6. Papers relating to William and Mary College, 7. Wise Infantry Minute Book, etc., 8. Printed Material and Stereoptican Slides, 9. William and Mary Alumni Association, 10. Post Card and Shop Account Book, 11. Papers Relating to Schools, 12. Bruton Parish Records, 13. Williamsburg Democratic Records, and 14. Artifacts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Denison Cole (1856-1938) was a resident of Williamsburg for his entire life. He operated a book shop on Duke of Gloucester Street and served as postmaster of Williamsburg, 1884-1889; treasurer of Bruton Parish Church; secretary of the alumni of the College of William and Mary; judge of elections and member of the Democratic committee; the Williamsburg school board; and the board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Henry_Denison_Cole\" title=\"Henry Denison Cole\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Denison Cole (1856-1938) was a resident of Williamsburg for his entire life. He operated a book shop on Duke of Gloucester Street and served as postmaster of Williamsburg, 1884-1889; treasurer of Bruton Parish Church; secretary of the alumni of the College of William and Mary; judge of elections and member of the Democratic committee; the Williamsburg school board; and the board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.frame\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:"," Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.frame"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCole Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Denison Cole Papers.  Incorrectly titled as \"Cole Papers\" in Archival Resources of the Virginias.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cole Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Henry Denison Cole Papers.  Incorrectly titled as \"Cole Papers\" in Archival Resources of the Virginias.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncluded are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Also accounts of the state school funds, 1894-1911; the city school funds, 1906-1911, 1919-1924; Bruton Parish Church 1897-1938; and of Robert F. Cole (father of Henry D. Cole), 1843-1856.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Also lists of registered voters in Williamsburg, 1889-1896, 1902-1925, and papers relating to property in Williamsburg and the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, 1905-1906.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The collection also includes stereoptican slides and letters from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Includes W. T. Roberts letter, 20 November 1901 criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"   Roberts was rector of Bruton Parish Church  (Box 4, folder 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The finding aid for this collection is available online at: \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://vip.lib.virginia.edu:8080/cocoon/vivaead/published/wm/viw00005.xml.frame\" title=\"viw00005.xml.frame\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Denison Cole's papers from his participation in Williamsburg Area organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Williamsburg City Council, including a manuscript draft of the first ordinance regulating automobile traffic, contract for city gas lighting system, duties of city scavenger, papers regarding bond issue for city water works and sewage disposal, 1889-1891. Doctor bills for small-pox vaccinations, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers of Williamsburg Post Office while Cole served as Postmaster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes fire insurance contract, Eastern State Hospital letter from the engineer, Colonial Hotel emphemera, arrest warrant and letters from local citizens about local matters, North Carolina Coupon Bond, 1861.  Programs for \"The Unveiling of a Monument of the site of the Old Capitol...1904,\" \"Celebration of the Ter-Centennial at Jamestown Island...1907, First Peninsula School Fair, 1913, Farmers' Institute 1905;\" flyer for Educational and Civic Association 'Trip Around the World,'and inventation to luncheon at the Colonial Inn, 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree 1873 letters from Benjamin S. Ewell. Legal papers with William \u0026amp; Mary, sealed and signed by Robert Saunders, 1847. Receipt to Gustavus Lobby for philosophy course, signed by Silas Totten, 1851. Open letter from W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish Church, criticizing the college, President Tyler, and the Vice President of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper,\" 1901 November 20.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial papers of Bruton Parish Church, 1897-1938. Reply of President Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish, 1901.W. T. Roberts Letter, 20 November 1901.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Roberts who was rector of Bruton Parish Church criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"20 November 1901\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReply of William and Mary president Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, rector of Bruton Parish Church. 20 November 1901\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of contributions to Bruton Parish Church, 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial and business papers of Burton Parish Church arranged by years, 1924-1936.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume of minutes of Democratic Committee in Williamsburg. In this volume, laid-in, is a Poll Tax poster for Williamsburg, ca. late 1800's-early 1900's. Registered voters in the city white and colored lists, 1889-1896. In the back of the volume there is a collection of ballots. Three bound volumes with lists of registered voters in the city, 1902-1925. Minutes of the Williamsburg Democratic Committee during the presidential campaign, 1900-1904.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinute book of the Wise Light Infantry Company of Williamsburg, 1881-1882. Printed copy of agreement between the City of Williamsburg and Williamsburg Holding Company, now Colonial Williamsburg, 1928. Newspaper clippings, primarily of Yorktown Centennial Celebration, including 1881 October 18 edition of Army and Navy Register listing events, people, military units and their officers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes rent and sale contracts for his Williamsburg property. Sale for standing lumber, tax returns, fire insurance policies, four certificates from governors appointing Cole to board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital, lawsuit judgments (1907), Richmond and York River Railroad Company share, January-October 1857 store account for Catherine Maupin, contract between C. Burress and John C. Tilford for property in Williamsburg, 1871.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning property of H. D. Cole, his father Robert F. Cole, his grandfather Jesse Cole.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound property sales account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026amp; Mary, Williamsburg and others; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound Property sale account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026amp; Mary, Williamsburg and others, undated; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts (1846-1891).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWood and periodical accounts of Cole's shop\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes, memos and clippings used to prepare post cards and souvenir booklets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssorted newspaper clippings,including page about legal proceedings, 1990 and account of burning of Williamsburg Courthouse, 6 April 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Paris describing his balloon ascent from E. W. Blodgett, 1899 October 9. Public reaction to Dreyfus case. Letter on growth and development around Lynchburg, 1911 April 16. Letters political and personal, 1888-1936. Letter regarding C. H. Fine, 1911. Letter from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1934 March 2. Letter from Abby A. Rockefeller. Letter from John Clofton to Cole about death of Cole's father, 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Lucy Winder to her parents while on a European tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemedy for Lock Jaw and Putrid Sore Throat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e125 stereographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHand-thrown stoneware cup and saucer. Tea cup is bowl-shaped and has no handle. Mottled semi-gloss glazes in brown, yellow, green and gray. No visible maker's mark; wheel-throwing marks visible on the bottom of saucer. Dimensions: cup 1 3/4\" H x 3 1/8\"; diameter; saucer 1 1/8\" H x 4 7/8\" diameter. Condition is good; cup has two small cracks from firing, and glaze crazing exhibits some stains from use. Images available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452400185 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452525163.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Included are minutes of the Wise Light Infantry Co. of Williamsburg, 1881-1882; the College of William and Mary Alumni Association, 1906-1917; papers concerning the College of William and Mary including letters, 1873, from Benjamin S. Ewell; the Williamsburg Free School Trustees, 1870-1907; and the Democratic Committee of Williamsburg."," Also accounts of the state school funds, 1894-1911; the city school funds, 1906-1911, 1919-1924; Bruton Parish Church 1897-1938; and of Robert F. Cole (father of Henry D. Cole), 1843-1856."," Also lists of registered voters in Williamsburg, 1889-1896, 1902-1925, and papers relating to property in Williamsburg and the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, 1905-1906."," The collection also includes stereoptican slides and letters from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller."," Includes W. T. Roberts letter, 20 November 1901 criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"   Roberts was rector of Bruton Parish Church  (Box 4, folder 1)"," The finding aid for this collection is available online at: ","Henry Denison Cole's papers from his participation in Williamsburg Area organizations.","Papers of the Williamsburg City Council, including a manuscript draft of the first ordinance regulating automobile traffic, contract for city gas lighting system, duties of city scavenger, papers regarding bond issue for city water works and sewage disposal, 1889-1891. Doctor bills for small-pox vaccinations, 1899.","Papers of Williamsburg Post Office while Cole served as Postmaster.","Includes fire insurance contract, Eastern State Hospital letter from the engineer, Colonial Hotel emphemera, arrest warrant and letters from local citizens about local matters, North Carolina Coupon Bond, 1861.  Programs for \"The Unveiling of a Monument of the site of the Old Capitol...1904,\" \"Celebration of the Ter-Centennial at Jamestown Island...1907, First Peninsula School Fair, 1913, Farmers' Institute 1905;\" flyer for Educational and Civic Association 'Trip Around the World,'and inventation to luncheon at the Colonial Inn, 1910.","Three 1873 letters from Benjamin S. Ewell. Legal papers with William \u0026 Mary, sealed and signed by Robert Saunders, 1847. Receipt to Gustavus Lobby for philosophy course, signed by Silas Totten, 1851. Open letter from W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish Church, criticizing the college, President Tyler, and the Vice President of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper,\" 1901 November 20.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"  ","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Correspondence, receipts, and personnel papers concerning the Williamsburg School Board.  Includes a 1897 indenture/deed between John and Menirva Dahn and Moses Harrell of the School Board to sell land for a school; 1919 letter from the APVA (Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) protesting the decision to erect a school on the Palace Green; money pledges by citizens for building the new school; correspondence about firing and keeping Mrs. Jones as a teacher; re-application letter by John S. Charles to be principal of the Nicholson School (1899) and his resignation letter (1900) (the 1899 re-application includes petitions in support of Charles by parents and children.  Mr. Charles was principal for 15 years);  note on envelope states that The Nicholson School was built in 1897 and gives cost of school; and correspondence, receipts and supply orders for schools (1917-1918).  In 1897, one school is called \"White School #1.\" In 1918, one school called \"Model SChool.\"","Bound volume of minutes of meetings of Trustees of the Williamsburg Free School, 1870-1907. Miscellaneous loose papers pertaining to the school. Bound volume of Williamsburg school accounts and funds, both state and local, 1911-1920. Bound volume of accounts of state school funds, 1894-1911. Bound volume of accounts of city school funds, 1919-1924. Miscellaneous papers and letters to the school board.","Financial papers of Bruton Parish Church, 1897-1938. Reply of President Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, Rector of Bruton Parish, 1901.W. T. Roberts Letter, 20 November 1901.","Letter from Roberts who was rector of Bruton Parish Church criticizing the college, president [Lyon G.] Tyler and the vice-president of the Board of Visitors as a \"moral leper.\"20 November 1901","Reply of William and Mary president Lyon G. Tyler to November open letter by W. T. Roberts, rector of Bruton Parish Church. 20 November 1901","Bound volume of contributions to Bruton Parish Church, 1930.","Financial and business papers of Burton Parish Church arranged by years, 1924-1936.","Bound volume of minutes of Democratic Committee in Williamsburg. In this volume, laid-in, is a Poll Tax poster for Williamsburg, ca. late 1800's-early 1900's. Registered voters in the city white and colored lists, 1889-1896. In the back of the volume there is a collection of ballots. Three bound volumes with lists of registered voters in the city, 1902-1925. Minutes of the Williamsburg Democratic Committee during the presidential campaign, 1900-1904.","Minute book of the Wise Light Infantry Company of Williamsburg, 1881-1882. Printed copy of agreement between the City of Williamsburg and Williamsburg Holding Company, now Colonial Williamsburg, 1928. Newspaper clippings, primarily of Yorktown Centennial Celebration, including 1881 October 18 edition of Army and Navy Register listing events, people, military units and their officers.","Includes rent and sale contracts for his Williamsburg property. Sale for standing lumber, tax returns, fire insurance policies, four certificates from governors appointing Cole to board of trustees of Eastern State Hospital, lawsuit judgments (1907), Richmond and York River Railroad Company share, January-October 1857 store account for Catherine Maupin, contract between C. Burress and John C. Tilford for property in Williamsburg, 1871.","Concerning property of H. D. Cole, his father Robert F. Cole, his grandfather Jesse Cole.","Bound property sales account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts.","Bound Property sale account book, undated; newspaper clipping scrapbook with notes, divided by subjects such as asylum, weddings, deaths, receptions, William \u0026 Mary, Williamsburg and others, undated; personal bank account book with deposits and withdrawals from Peninsula, Derickson and Williamsburg banks, 1897-1909; and an account books with blacksmith accounts (1836-1838) and Richneck Farm accounts with include slave purchases with names, home remedies and farm accounts (1846-1891).","Wood and periodical accounts of Cole's shop","Notes, memos and clippings used to prepare post cards and souvenir booklets","Assorted newspaper clippings,including page about legal proceedings, 1990 and account of burning of Williamsburg Courthouse, 6 April 1911.","Letter from Paris describing his balloon ascent from E. W. Blodgett, 1899 October 9. Public reaction to Dreyfus case. Letter on growth and development around Lynchburg, 1911 April 16. Letters political and personal, 1888-1936. Letter regarding C. H. Fine, 1911. Letter from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 1934 March 2. Letter from Abby A. Rockefeller. Letter from John Clofton to Cole about death of Cole's father, 1887.","Letters from Lucy Winder to her parents while on a European tour.","Remedy for Lock Jaw and Putrid Sore Throat.","125 stereographs.","Hand-thrown stoneware cup and saucer. Tea cup is bowl-shaped and has no handle. Mottled semi-gloss glazes in brown, yellow, green and gray. No visible maker's mark; wheel-throwing marks visible on the bottom of saucer. Dimensions: cup 1 3/4\" H x 3 1/8\"; diameter; saucer 1 1/8\" H x 4 7/8\" diameter. Condition is good; cup has two small cracks from firing, and glaze crazing exhibits some stains from use. Images available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452400185 and https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/13452525163."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Language of Flowers, published by George Routledge and Son, Ltd., London. Includes notation: \"Mr. H.D. Cole, Sept. 1892, Natural Bridge\" and November 19, 1935.\nMoved to Rare Books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The Language of Flowers, published by George Routledge and Son, Ltd., London. Includes notation: \"Mr. H.D. Cole, Sept. 1892, Natural Bridge\" and November 19, 1935.\nMoved to Rare Books."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Cole Family","Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bruton Parish Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"famname_ssim":["Cole Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cole, Henry Denison, 1856-1938","Ewell, Benjamin Stoddert, 1810-1894","Roberts, William Thomas","Rockefeller, Abby Greene Aldrich","Rockefeller, Jr., John D. (Davison), 1874-1960","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1874-1960"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:55:06.862Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8976"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9979","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9979#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bowers, Judith A. Magrino","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9979#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA collection of 107 stereoscopic slides compiled by James and Judith Bowers. The stereoviews are divided into categories including Niagara Falls, Havana Glen Scenery, Mt. Pelee Volcano, Norway, Gems from American Scenery, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9979#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9979","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9979","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9979","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9979","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9979.xml","title_filing_ssi":"James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection","title_ssm":["James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection"],"title_tesim":["James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882 - 1903"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882 - 1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00416","/repositories/2/resources/9979"],"text":["MS 00416","/repositories/2/resources/9979","James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection","Photography, Stereoscopic","Stereographs","Stereoscopic photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged at the file level.","A collection of 107 stereoscopic slides compiled by James and Judith Bowers. The stereoviews are divided into categories including Niagara Falls, Havana Glen Scenery, Mt. Pelee Volcano, Norway, Gems from American Scenery, and more.","12 stereoviews.","Three stereoviews.","Four stereoviews.","Two stereoviews.","Two stereoviews.","6 stereoviews.","14 stereoviews.","12 stereoviews.","One stereoview.","Three stereoviews.","12 stereoviews.","5 stereoviews.","10 stereoviews.","5 stereoviews.","One stereoview.","Three stereoviews.","One stereoview.","11 stereoviews.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Bowers, Judith A. Magrino","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00416","/repositories/2/resources/9979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection"],"collection_ssim":["James and Judith Bowers stereoview collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Bowers, Judith A. Magrino"],"creator_ssim":["Bowers, Judith A. Magrino"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bowers, Judith A. Magrino"],"creators_ssim":["Bowers, Judith A. Magrino"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by James and Judith Bowers."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Stereographs","Stereoscopic photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Stereographs","Stereoscopic photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Stereographs","Stereoscopic photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam \u0026amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. 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We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.","William \u0026 Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelvin Ramsey collection of Stereoviews, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Kelvin Ramsey collection of Stereoviews, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAddition includes three boxes (359 sterviews) labeled \"college life\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Addition includes three boxes (359 sterviews) labeled \"college life\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Ramsey, Kelvin (Ramsey, Kelvin Wheeler)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ramsey, Kelvin (Ramsey, Kelvin Wheeler)"],"persname_ssim":["Ramsey, Kelvin (Ramsey, Kelvin Wheeler)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:46:19.845Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_10014"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_672.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"text":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672","Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection","Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards","There are no access restrictions.","\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\"  Smithsonian Magazine , October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/","The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.","Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including  ,  , and  .","The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.","All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to SCRC by Randolph Lytton in August 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" \u003ci\u003eSmithsonian Magazine\u003c/i\u003e, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\"  Smithsonian Magazine , October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSouvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Robert Truax Washington, D.C. transportation collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0273\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Charles Baptie photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0032\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0317\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including  ,  , and  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026amp; Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_22b0ead3d6bd8141817b62704e520045\"\u003eThis collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_493e260c33865725beae2cc4b04be669\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:54:49.708Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_672.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"text":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672","Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection","Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards","There are no access restrictions.","\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\"  Smithsonian Magazine , October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/","The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.","Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including  ,  , and  .","The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.","All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to SCRC by Randolph Lytton in August 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" \u003ci\u003eSmithsonian Magazine\u003c/i\u003e, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\"  Smithsonian Magazine , October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSouvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Robert Truax Washington, D.C. transportation collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0273\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Charles Baptie photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0032\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0317\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including  ,  , and  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026amp; Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_22b0ead3d6bd8141817b62704e520045\"\u003eThis collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_493e260c33865725beae2cc4b04be669\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:54:49.708Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Young, Raymond","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3049.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197091","title_ssm":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-1985 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-1985 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3904","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3049"],"text":["A\u0026M 3904","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3049","Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material","Cinefluorography","Photography, Stereoscopic","Radiography","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Photography","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","No special access restriction applies.","Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, was a combat photographer during World War II. He married Lettie M. Webb in 1953. In 1955, he became a medical research photographer for the military. He worked at the Army Medical Research Lab in Fort Knox, Kentucky, until he was called to serve in Saigon in late 1964. More information can be found in the 1965 newspaper article in Series 4, folder 2 of this collection.","archives and manuscripts; artifacts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","Papers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).","Series include:","Series 1. Stereographic Cards; ca. 1930-1952 \nSeries 2. World War II Photographs; ca. 1945 \nSeries 3. Vietnam Photographs; ca. 1965 \nSeries 4. Subject Files; 1946-1985, undated","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).","This series contains 145 stereo cards of subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and Helsinki Olympics (1952). The subjects in Germany are: historic buildings (before and after the war); Berlin - Potsdam; South Bavaria; Deutsche Heimat; and Rothenburg. The box with stereoscope in which these cards were originally found is in box 2.","This series includes black and white photographs of various scenes from World War II, such as concentration camp dead (Dachau), war destruction and city ruins, soldiers, civilians, etc. Some photos were likely taken by Young; others were taken by members of the Associated Press or U.S. Signal Corps. Some photos have labels or captions.","This series contains five black and white images of Raymond Young taking photographs and video in Vietnam. Three photos show him taking pictures in medical units.","This series includes radiography articles, military service material, certificates of appreciation, and an unidentified photograph.","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Young, Raymond","Young, Raymond M., 1924-1986.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3904","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3049"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Young, Raymond"],"creator_ssim":["Young, Raymond"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Young, Raymond"],"creators_ssim":["Young, Raymond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Webb, Barry H., of Webb-Kingsbury Networks, 2013 February 07"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cinefluorography","Photography, Stereoscopic","Radiography","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Photography","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cinefluorography","Photography, Stereoscopic","Radiography","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Photography","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet 2 document cases, 2.5 in. each"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet 2 document cases, 2.5 in. each"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRaymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, was a combat photographer during World War II. He married Lettie M. Webb in 1953. In 1955, he became a medical research photographer for the military. He worked at the Army Medical Research Lab in Fort Knox, Kentucky, until he was called to serve in Saigon in late 1964. More information can be found in the 1965 newspaper article in Series 4, folder 2 of this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, was a combat photographer during World War II. He married Lettie M. Webb in 1953. In 1955, he became a medical research photographer for the military. He worked at the Army Medical Research Lab in Fort Knox, Kentucky, until he was called to serve in Saigon in late 1964. More information can be found in the 1965 newspaper article in Series 4, folder 2 of this collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; artifacts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; artifacts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 3904, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material, A\u0026M 3904, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Stereographic Cards; ca. 1930-1952\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. World War II Photographs; ca. 1945\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Vietnam Photographs; ca. 1965\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Subject Files; 1946-1985, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 145 stereo cards of subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and Helsinki Olympics (1952). The subjects in Germany are: historic buildings (before and after the war); Berlin - Potsdam; South Bavaria; Deutsche Heimat; and Rothenburg. The box with stereoscope in which these cards were originally found is in box 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes black and white photographs of various scenes from World War II, such as concentration camp dead (Dachau), war destruction and city ruins, soldiers, civilians, etc. Some photos were likely taken by Young; others were taken by members of the Associated Press or U.S. Signal Corps. Some photos have labels or captions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains five black and white images of Raymond Young taking photographs and video in Vietnam. Three photos show him taking pictures in medical units.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes radiography articles, military service material, certificates of appreciation, and an unidentified photograph.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).","Series include:","Series 1. Stereographic Cards; ca. 1930-1952 \nSeries 2. World War II Photographs; ca. 1945 \nSeries 3. Vietnam Photographs; ca. 1965 \nSeries 4. Subject Files; 1946-1985, undated","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).","This series contains 145 stereo cards of subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and Helsinki Olympics (1952). The subjects in Germany are: historic buildings (before and after the war); Berlin - Potsdam; South Bavaria; Deutsche Heimat; and Rothenburg. The box with stereoscope in which these cards were originally found is in box 2.","This series includes black and white photographs of various scenes from World War II, such as concentration camp dead (Dachau), war destruction and city ruins, soldiers, civilians, etc. Some photos were likely taken by Young; others were taken by members of the Associated Press or U.S. Signal Corps. Some photos have labels or captions.","This series contains five black and white images of Raymond Young taking photographs and video in Vietnam. Three photos show him taking pictures in medical units.","This series includes radiography articles, military service material, certificates of appreciation, and an unidentified photograph.","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1365c8eb4fed84243464c175b5e6a0bf\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Young, Raymond","Young, Raymond M., 1924-1986."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Young, Raymond M., 1924-1986."],"persname_ssim":["Young, Raymond","Young, Raymond M., 1924-1986."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T01:06:39.893Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3049","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3049.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197091","title_ssm":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"title_tesim":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1930-1985 and undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1930-1985 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3904","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3049"],"text":["A\u0026M 3904","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3049","Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material","Cinefluorography","Photography, Stereoscopic","Radiography","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Photography","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","No special access restriction applies.","Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, was a combat photographer during World War II. He married Lettie M. Webb in 1953. In 1955, he became a medical research photographer for the military. He worked at the Army Medical Research Lab in Fort Knox, Kentucky, until he was called to serve in Saigon in late 1964. More information can be found in the 1965 newspaper article in Series 4, folder 2 of this collection.","archives and manuscripts; artifacts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.","Papers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).","Series include:","Series 1. Stereographic Cards; ca. 1930-1952 \nSeries 2. World War II Photographs; ca. 1945 \nSeries 3. Vietnam Photographs; ca. 1965 \nSeries 4. Subject Files; 1946-1985, undated","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).","This series contains 145 stereo cards of subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and Helsinki Olympics (1952). The subjects in Germany are: historic buildings (before and after the war); Berlin - Potsdam; South Bavaria; Deutsche Heimat; and Rothenburg. The box with stereoscope in which these cards were originally found is in box 2.","This series includes black and white photographs of various scenes from World War II, such as concentration camp dead (Dachau), war destruction and city ruins, soldiers, civilians, etc. Some photos were likely taken by Young; others were taken by members of the Associated Press or U.S. Signal Corps. Some photos have labels or captions.","This series contains five black and white images of Raymond Young taking photographs and video in Vietnam. Three photos show him taking pictures in medical units.","This series includes radiography articles, military service material, certificates of appreciation, and an unidentified photograph.","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Young, Raymond","Young, Raymond M., 1924-1986.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3904","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3049"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"collection_ssim":["Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Young, Raymond"],"creator_ssim":["Young, Raymond"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Young, Raymond"],"creators_ssim":["Young, Raymond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Webb, Barry H., of Webb-Kingsbury Networks, 2013 February 07"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cinefluorography","Photography, Stereoscopic","Radiography","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Photography","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cinefluorography","Photography, Stereoscopic","Radiography","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Photography","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 Linear Feet 2 document cases, 2.5 in. each"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 Linear Feet 2 document cases, 2.5 in. each"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRaymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, was a combat photographer during World War II. He married Lettie M. Webb in 1953. In 1955, he became a medical research photographer for the military. He worked at the Army Medical Research Lab in Fort Knox, Kentucky, until he was called to serve in Saigon in late 1964. More information can be found in the 1965 newspaper article in Series 4, folder 2 of this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, was a combat photographer during World War II. He married Lettie M. Webb in 1953. In 1955, he became a medical research photographer for the military. He worked at the Army Medical Research Lab in Fort Knox, Kentucky, until he was called to serve in Saigon in late 1964. More information can be found in the 1965 newspaper article in Series 4, folder 2 of this collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003earchives and manuscripts; artifacts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Legacy Formats"],"odd_tesim":["archives and manuscripts; artifacts; photographs / postcards / prints / etc."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material, A\u0026amp;M 3904, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Raymond Young, Photographer, Photographs regarding World War II and Other Material, A\u0026M 3904, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Stereographic Cards; ca. 1930-1952\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. World War II Photographs; ca. 1945\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Vietnam Photographs; ca. 1965\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Subject Files; 1946-1985, undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 145 stereo cards of subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and Helsinki Olympics (1952). The subjects in Germany are: historic buildings (before and after the war); Berlin - Potsdam; South Bavaria; Deutsche Heimat; and Rothenburg. The box with stereoscope in which these cards were originally found is in box 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes black and white photographs of various scenes from World War II, such as concentration camp dead (Dachau), war destruction and city ruins, soldiers, civilians, etc. Some photos were likely taken by Young; others were taken by members of the Associated Press or U.S. Signal Corps. Some photos have labels or captions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains five black and white images of Raymond Young taking photographs and video in Vietnam. Three photos show him taking pictures in medical units.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes radiography articles, military service material, certificates of appreciation, and an unidentified photograph.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Raymond M. Young (1924-1986) of Oak Hill, West Virginia, a combat photographer who served in the United States armed forces in Europe during and after World War II, and in Vietnam. Includes commercially distributed stereographic cards showing subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and the Helsinki Olympics (1952), among other subjects, with stereoscope; many photographs of subjects in Germany and France at the end of World War II; and a few photographs from Vietnam (ca. 1965). There are also two research articles about radiography coauthored by Young (1957); correspondence and other documents related to Young's military service (1946-1967); and certificates (1980-1985).","Series include:","Series 1. Stereographic Cards; ca. 1930-1952 \nSeries 2. World War II Photographs; ca. 1945 \nSeries 3. Vietnam Photographs; ca. 1965 \nSeries 4. Subject Files; 1946-1985, undated","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985).","This series contains 145 stereo cards of subjects in Germany (ca. 1930-1945) and Helsinki Olympics (1952). The subjects in Germany are: historic buildings (before and after the war); Berlin - Potsdam; South Bavaria; Deutsche Heimat; and Rothenburg. The box with stereoscope in which these cards were originally found is in box 2.","This series includes black and white photographs of various scenes from World War II, such as concentration camp dead (Dachau), war destruction and city ruins, soldiers, civilians, etc. Some photos were likely taken by Young; others were taken by members of the Associated Press or U.S. Signal Corps. Some photos have labels or captions.","This series contains five black and white images of Raymond Young taking photographs and video in Vietnam. Three photos show him taking pictures in medical units.","This series includes radiography articles, military service material, certificates of appreciation, and an unidentified photograph.","The Radiography Articles file includes two articles co-authored by Young:","\"Report No. 333, A Cinefluorographic Unit,\" by Lyle B. Deem, Olavi Weir, John C. Shepard, Raymond M. Young, and James Dimitroff, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 23 December 1957, and","\"Report No. 315, Direct Color Radiography,\" by J.C. Shepard, R.M. Young, L.B. Deem, and A.T. Krebs, from the Radiobiology Department, U.S. Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, KY, submitted 9 July 1957.","The Military Service file includes letters, official forms, photos, and a newspaper clipping regarding Young's service from 1946-1967.","The Certificates of Appreciation file includes certificates recognizing Young for his service at the University of Kentucky and Lexington Community College (1980-1985)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1365c8eb4fed84243464c175b5e6a0bf\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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