{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=18","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=17","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=19","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026page=26"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":18,"next_page":19,"prev_page":17,"total_pages":26,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":170,"total_count":251,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175_c51","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Photographic Postcard of John Drew, American Actor, 1911","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175_c51#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175_c51","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175_c51"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175_c51","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175","parent_ssim":["Thomas Connors Collection, 1805/1923"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_175"],"title_filing_ssi":"Photographic Postcard of John Drew, American Actor","title_ssm":["Photographic Postcard of John Drew, American Actor"],"title_tesim":["Photographic Postcard of John Drew, American Actor"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographic Postcard of John Drew, American Actor, 1911"],"text":["Photographic Postcard of John Drew, American Actor, 1911","Thomas Connors Collection, 1805/1923","box 1","folder 9","Item 51","Drew, John","Postcards","Photographs","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thomas Connors Collection, 1805/1923"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Thomas Connors Collection, 1805/1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1911"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":51,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Connors Collection, 1805/1923"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 9","Item 51"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  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Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lyceum Theatre (London, England)","Parker House (Boston, Mass.)"],"persname_ssim":["Connors, Thomas","Covent Garden Theatre","Siddons, Sarah","Kemble, Charles","Booth, Junius Brutus, Jr.","Kean, Charles John","Keeley, Robert","Matthews, Charles","Scott, Walter","Macready, William Charles","Modjeska, Helena","Ames, Winthrop","Byron, Henry J. 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PP 0048, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.","This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of Annfield, the birthplace of Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, Robert E. Lee's wife, in Clark County, Virginia.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photograph of Annfield, 1900/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Photograph of Annfield, 1900/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.PP.0048","/repositories/5/resources/714"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.PP.0048","/repositories/5/resources/714"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Clarke County"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Clarke County"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Clarke County"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Item"],"extent_tesim":["1 Item"],"dimensions_tesim":["7 3/4\" x 9 3/4\""],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is available for research use."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe location of the original photograph is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The location of the original photograph is unknown."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Annfield, WLU Coll. PP 0048, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Photograph of Annfield, WLU Coll. PP 0048, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a copy of a photograph of Annfield, the birthplace of Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, Robert E. Lee's wife, in Clark County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of Annfield, the birthplace of Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, Robert E. Lee's wife, in Clark County, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_714","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_714","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_714","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_714","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_714.xml","title_ssm":["Photograph of Annfield"],"title_tesim":["Photograph of Annfield"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photograph of Annfield, 1900/1950"],"text":["Photograph of Annfield, 1900/1950","WLU.Coll.PP.0048","/repositories/5/resources/714","Virginia -- Clarke County","Photographs","This collection is available for research use.","The location of the original photograph is unknown.","Photograph of Annfield, WLU Coll. PP 0048, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.","This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of Annfield, the birthplace of Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, Robert E. Lee's wife, in Clark County, Virginia.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photograph of Annfield, 1900/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Photograph of Annfield, 1900/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.PP.0048","/repositories/5/resources/714"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.PP.0048","/repositories/5/resources/714"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Clarke County"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Clarke County"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Clarke County"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Item"],"extent_tesim":["1 Item"],"dimensions_tesim":["7 3/4\" x 9 3/4\""],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is available for research use."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe location of the original photograph is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The location of the original photograph is unknown."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Annfield, WLU Coll. PP 0048, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Photograph of Annfield, WLU Coll. PP 0048, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a copy of a photograph of Annfield, the birthplace of Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, Robert E. Lee's wife, in Clark County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of Annfield, the birthplace of Mary Anna Randolph (Custis) Lee, Robert E. Lee's wife, in Clark County, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Lee, Mary Randolph Custis, 1807-1883"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_714"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Photographs, 1875/1930","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographs span from childhood through post-retirement years and include images as a VMI cadet, United States Army officer, and as a civilian. Two images of William B. Cochran, Jr. are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/field/people/searchterm/Cochran,%20William%20B./mode/exact\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","parent_ssim":["William B. 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Cochran, Jr. papers, 1888/1931"],"extent_ssm":["25 items Approximately 25 items"],"extent_tesim":["25 items Approximately 25 items"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript Collections in the VMI Archives are made available for noncommercial educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Cochran, Jr. are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/field/people/searchterm/Cochran,%20William%20B./mode/exact\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photographs span from childhood through post-retirement years and include images as a VMI cadet, United States Army officer, and as a civilian. Two images of William B. Cochran, Jr. are avaliable online."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_794.xml","title_ssm":["William B. Cochran, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["William B. Cochran, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1931"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1888-1931"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1888/1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William B. Cochran, Jr. papers, 1888/1931"],"text":["William B. Cochran, Jr. papers, 1888/1931","MS.0512.Oversized","/repositories/3/resources/794","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1888","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","William Burr Cochran was born on July 9, 1868 in Middleburg, Virginia to John Henry Cochran and Charlotte Carr. He graduated from VMI in 1888, enlisted in the United States Army in 1892, and subsequently received a commission. Cochran served in the Spanish American War. During World War I he remained stateside to train troops. 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He graduated from VMI in 1888, enlisted in the United States Army in 1892, and subsequently received a commission. Cochran served in the Spanish American War. During World War I he remained stateside to train troops. He retired in 1922 and was appointed Brigadier General (retired list) effective June 21, 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCochran married Mathilde \"Tillie\" Kessler of Helena, Montana in 1904 and the couple had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCochran died in an automobile accident near Salisbury, Maryland on July 2, 1931. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Burr Cochran was born on July 9, 1868 in Middleburg, Virginia to John Henry Cochran and Charlotte Carr. He graduated from VMI in 1888, enlisted in the United States Army in 1892, and subsequently received a commission. Cochran served in the Spanish American War. 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During this time Cochran was stationed at Fort Harrison near Helena, Montana.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included are letters written to Marion Lee Cochran, Cochran's daughter. The bulk are written from Cochran while Marion was visiting friends in North Carolina (1930). Also included are two letters from her mother (1926 and 1928) and one from her brotheriting friends in Charlotte (1929).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs span from childhood through post-retirement years and include images as a VMI cadet, United States Army officer, and as a civilian. Two images of William B. Cochran, Jr. are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/field/people/searchterm/Cochran,%20William%20B./mode/exact\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten instructions for \"Final German Figures\" at VMI.  In this context, a \"German\" is a type of formal dance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certificate appointing William B. Cochran, Jr. as a Brigadier General, retired.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the personal papers of Brigadier General William Burr Cochran, VMI Class of 1888, including:\n\nCorrespondence\nPhotographs\nAn unpublished biographical essay titled \"Reminiscences of Camp Life During the World War\"\nOther items, such as instructions for \"final German Figures,\" a formal VMI dance","Typescript memoirs by William B. Cochran, Jr. that document his stateside service during World War I. He was stationed at numerous troop training camps, including Camp Taylor near Louisville, Kentucky.","This series includes correspondence (1903-1904) written by William B. Cochran, Jr. to his future wife, Mathilde Kessler. During this time Cochran was stationed at Fort Harrison near Helena, Montana.","Also included are letters written to Marion Lee Cochran, Cochran's daughter. The bulk are written from Cochran while Marion was visiting friends in North Carolina (1930). Also included are two letters from her mother (1926 and 1928) and one from her brotheriting friends in Charlotte (1929).","Photographs span from childhood through post-retirement years and include images as a VMI cadet, United States Army officer, and as a civilian. Two images of William B. Cochran, Jr. are avaliable online.","Handwritten instructions for \"Final German Figures\" at VMI.  In this context, a \"German\" is a type of formal dance.","A certificate appointing William B. Cochran, Jr. as a Brigadier General, retired."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript Collections in the VMI Archives are made available for noncommercial educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript Collections in the VMI Archives are made available for noncommercial educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f2d578c8b7c4db53d630a1b8e264f826\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Cochran, William B., Jr. (William Burr), 1868-1931","Cochran, Mathilde Kessler"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Cochran, William B., Jr. (William Burr), 1868-1931","Cochran, Mathilde Kessler"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_794_c03"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Photographs, 1909/1987","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","parent_ssim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902"],"title_filing_ssi":"Photographs","title_ssm":["Photographs"],"title_tesim":["Photographs"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographs, 1909/1987"],"text":["Photographs, 1909/1987","Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011","box 4","folder 44","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Virginia -- Rockbridge County","Photographs","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1987"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":45,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 44"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"_nest_path_":"/components#44","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_902.xml","title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection"],"title_tesim":["Effinger School Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2011"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"text":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011","WLU.Coll.0523","/repositories/5/resources/902","Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road","Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools","The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","This folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.","One of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"","This folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range.","A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0523","/repositories/5/resources/902"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0523","/repositories/5/resources/902"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road"],"creator_ssm":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"creator_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection contains material received by Mr.Clinton Anderson: 3 boxes with manila envelopes each with an inventory. The collection was compiled primarily by Mr. Anderson and Mr. Hatcher and stored at Mr. Hatcher's House."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Box"],"extent_tesim":["5 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","This folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.","One of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"","This folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"persname_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":54,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"text":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989","MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977.","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari\nAldophe Braun","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eKusakabe Kimbei\u003c/persname\u003e\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSuzanne Zuber\u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eFratelli Alinari\u003c/persname\u003e\n\u003cpersname\u003eAldophe Braun \u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari\nAldophe Braun"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"text":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989","MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977.","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari\nAldophe Braun","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection, 1800/1899, bulk 1870/1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun","University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#.","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025).","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life.","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II.","Leonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement.","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance.","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965.","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light.","Paul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935.","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career.","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs.","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas.","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959.","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934.","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eKusakabe Kimbei\u003c/persname\u003e\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSuzanne Zuber\u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eFratelli Alinari\u003c/persname\u003e\n\u003cpersname\u003eAldophe Braun \u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari\nAldophe Braun"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Leech, Preston","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCollection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026amp;W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1958.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Leech, Preston Glass Slides and Cassette Tape","title_ssm":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape"],"title_tesim":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1900-1925, 1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1900-1925, 1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994"],"text":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994","Ms.1994.003","Railroad","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs","The collection is open to research.","The guide to the Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","Collection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Leech, Preston","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994"],"collection_ssim":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1994.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1994.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Leech, Preston"],"creator_ssim":["Leech, Preston"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Leech, Preston"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"creators_ssim":["Leech, Preston","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, Ms1994-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, Ms1994-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026amp;W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"persname_ssim":["Leech, Preston"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Leech, Preston"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:46:21.925Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1958.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Leech, Preston Glass Slides and Cassette Tape","title_ssm":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape"],"title_tesim":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1900-1925, 1994"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1900-1925, 1994"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1994"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994"],"text":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994","Ms.1994.003","Railroad","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs","The collection is open to research.","The guide to the Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","Collection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Leech, Preston","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994"],"collection_ssim":["Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, 1900/1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1994.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1994.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Leech, Preston"],"creator_ssim":["Leech, Preston"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Leech, Preston"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"creators_ssim":["Leech, Preston","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, Ms1994-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Preston Leech Glass Slides and Cassette Tape, Ms1994-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026amp;W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection of 298 glass slides collected by Preston Leech, a Roanoke, Virginia, native and an employee of the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company from the 1930s to the 1970s. Most of the slides are of N\u0026W locomotives, rail routes, and stations. Other slides are of general agricultural and industrial scenes, and of the Luray Caverns in Virginia. The cassette tape is of an interview of Leech done in March 1994, where he speaks about his employment at the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railway Company, the Appalachian Trail Club, and the local Masonic Lodge. Transcript of the interview is available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)"],"persname_ssim":["Leech, Preston"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Norfolk and Western Railway Company (1896-1982)","Leech, Preston"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:46:21.925Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1958"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_795#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_795#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_795#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_795.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pulaski Club Records","title_ssm":["Pulaski Club Records"],"title_tesim":["Pulaski Club Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1877/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014"],"text":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014","MS 00097","/repositories/2/resources/795","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Men--Virginia--Societies and clubs","Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being added on an ongoing basis.","In about 1777, a group of Virginians began meeting as a social club at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virgina. General George Washington mentions the Williamsburg club in some of his letters, and tradition holds that in 1779, the members accepted the General's recommendation to venerate the memory of Casimir Pulaski and name their group in his honor as a tribute to Pulaski's valiant service and personal sacrifice in the cause of American freedom.","Herbert L. Ganter, for years archivist at the College of William and Mary, and Dr. Henry E. Davis of Eastern State Hospital, club members, spent hours in the early 1960s researching the club. Based on the information they collected, including published accounts and the club's surviving minutes, it appears that the organization lapsed sometime during or after the \"Late Unpleasantness of 1861-1865.\" It reappeared in the guise of a college club sometime between 1870 and 1875, when Henry Denison \"Den\" Cole of Williamsburg was a student.","Cole, evidently, carried the club from the college to his family-operated business-the Cole Shop-on Duke of Gloucester Street. Gradually the group comprised businessmen of the town and college professors, many of them prominent citizens. As the years went by, it was not unusual for members to be found at the Cole Shop sitting around a wood stove in the back room.","The club has records that go back over 100 years. It is probable that any older records were lost or destroyed during the \"Late Unpleasantness\" of 1861-1865.","This colleciton ID was changed to MS 00097 in October 2018. It was formerly identified as Mss. Acc. 1990.03.","Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)","Records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.","About fifty items dating from 1877 to 1989 of records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included. An original pen and ink Christmas Card featuring members of the Pulaski Club signed by John C. Osborn and dated December 25, 1931. 1994.36 combined with 1990.03. Photocopy of Will Molineux's letter accepting invitation to join the Pulaski Club, March 27, 1993. Lists of Pulaski Club members from 1992, 1993 and 1994.  (Mss. Acc. 1990.03, 1994.36)","Photographs and newspaper clippings of the photographs of the Cole Shop, the Pulaski Club in 1920, Pulaski Club officers in 1962, Pulaski Club members in 1982, and a portrait of Count Casimir Pulaski from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.","Poems about the Pulaski Club written by the History Committee Henningham Harrison and Ludwell Johnson.","Appreciation and thanks sent for the set of benches to replace the old benches used by the Pulaski Club.","Letter of W. Ray Allen, Williamsburg to J. Wilfrid Lambert informing him of the requirements to become a life member of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg. Note on back of Octagon Soap wrapper informing Lambert he had become a life member.  Mss. Acc. 1993.16 Addition","The Pulaski Club flyer with stationery relating to the Club. Membership lists of the Pulaski Club, 1995-1997.  Mss. Acc. 1998.42 Addition","Ed Spencers Reminiscences of Arriving in Williamsburg.","Photograph of Pulaski Club, April 1932, with identifications on the reverse.  Mss. Acc. 2001.33 Addition","Program for Pulaski Club's 225th anniversary dinner, 10/25/2004. Program and menu for dinner held at a Chefs' Kitchen. Mss. Acc. 2005.07 Addition","Papers relating to the annual sociable of the Pulaski Club, 2005. Includes correspondence with John V. Quarstein, program of the 2005 sociable, as well as a newspaper clipping, 1993. Mss. Acc. 2005.46 Addition","Minutes, Sept 22, 2005, of Pulaski Club luncheon. Flyer for reservation for the Annual Membership dinner, and information regarding photograph for article for Virginia Living Magazine. Mss. Acc. 2005.60 Addition","Pulaski Club article, \"Pulaski Club: No Clubhouse, It Meets on Street\", from Virginia Living Magazine, June 2006, by Chiles Larson. Includes drafts. The Pulaski Club Annual Sociable, April 11, 2006, given by Wilford Kale. Invocation, April 11, 2006, given by David J. Tetrault. Correspondence, 2006, of Channing M. Hall, III concerning the event.  Mss. Acc. 2006.42 Addition","Pulaski Club Schedule for 2006-2007. Mss. Acc. 2007.11 Addition","2006 material which includes programs for October 11, 2006 meeting, correspondence and notes from the presiding officer, Channing Hall. Mss. Acc. 2007.14 Addition","Papers, 2006-2007, of the Pulaski Club. Program for the April 19, 2007 annual Sociable with a photocopy of the thank you letter to Thomas K. Norment, Jr., speaker and the 2006-2007, winter-spring schedule.  Mss. Acc. 2007.68 Addition","Thank you letters for performer and meal at Pulaski Club Annual Dinner held November 8, 2007, at Alize Bistro; remarks made at the dinner; and photocopy of program. Mss. Acc. 2007.115 Addition","Pulaski Club Papers, 2008, includes menu for Annual Sociable, 17 April, 2008; program; correspondence with John Quarstein, Wayne P. Wright, Richard W. Tate and Thomas Moyles; toast by Jim Kelly, as well as remarks by Channing M. Hall, III.  Mss. Acc. 2008.66 Addition","Contains material related to the 2010 Fall Cookout on the James, held by the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2010.706 addition.","Includes information about the Pulaski Club's Annual Members Dinner.  Acc. 2011.123 addition.","Records.  Acc. 2011.358 Addition.","Newsletters, 2011, of the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2011.651 addition.","Contains the remarks given by Channing M. Hall, III, at the Pualski Club Annual Meeting held on 17 November 2011. There is also the registration form for the meeting and a letter about the meeting.Acc. 2012.064 addition.","Contains correspondence, invitations, and remarks made at the Pulaski Club Annual Sociable.  Acc. 2012.164 additon.","Contains correspondence about adding three new members and the true age of Count Pulaski. Also included in the accession is a reproduction of a 1939 Zaharov watercolor with order form to purchase.  Acc. 2012.220 addition.","Acc. 2012.376 addition.","Contains correspondence of the Pulaski Club regarding the destruction of their Sugar Maple on Duke of Gloucester Street, appreciation of their Treasurer, and the annual dinner at the Fireside Chop House in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Contains letters written by Channing Hall III regarding the Pulaski Club lunch on August 13, 2013, the donation to the Williamsburg Historic Records Association of Willard Gilley's Zaharov watercolor, the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, the September 12, 2013 meeting, and the annual members dinner on October 10, 2013.  Mss addition 2013.292.","Contains a color photograph of Pulaski Club members on April 4, 2013 on the Pulaski Club benches in Colonial Williamsburg, correspondence regarding the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, and the October 10, 2013 annual members dinner.","Contains correspondence, speeches, and programs from the 2014 Annual Sociable and Winter Gathering of the Pulaski Club. Addition Mss. Acc. 2014.140.","Correspondence, brochures and records from 2014.  Mss. Acc. 2015.242 addition.","Records for 2017.  Includes Octagon Laundry Soap Membership wrapper from Edgar K. Wells, Jr. 1960.","Brochures, schedules, correspondence and more.  Mss. Acc. 2019.010 addition.","Mss. Acc. 2019.045 addition.","Contains administrative records, scrapbooks, and other material related to the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia. Included in the addition are photographs of members and Pulaski Cub Dinners from 1928-2011; scrapbooks containing clippings, photographs, and letters documenting the history of the Pulaski Club; and administrative records consisiting of letters, clippings, and membership rosters from 1976-2011.","Correspondence and Annual Sociable ephemera. Ephemera includes memorial toast information for Willard Sheally Gilley.","Includes invitations, and correspondence documenting general club events.","Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00097","/repositories/2/resources/795"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00097","/repositories/2/resources/795"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift via the Williamsburg Historic Records Association. 1990.03      \nPresident Carleton Casey 1993.16      \nPulaski Club 1994.36      \nDr. Carleton Casey 1998.42      \nDr. Carleton Casey 2001.33      \nSusan Prentice 2005.07      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2005.46      \nUnknown 2005.60      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2006.42      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.11      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.14      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.68      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.115    \nChanning M. Hall, III 2008.66      \nChanning M. Hall, III"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Men--Virginia--Societies and clubs","Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Men--Virginia--Societies and clubs","Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.80 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.80 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being added on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being added on an ongoing basis."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn about 1777, a group of Virginians began meeting as a social club at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virgina. General George Washington mentions the Williamsburg club in some of his letters, and tradition holds that in 1779, the members accepted the General's recommendation to venerate the memory of Casimir Pulaski and name their group in his honor as a tribute to Pulaski's valiant service and personal sacrifice in the cause of American freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHerbert L. Ganter, for years archivist at the College of William and Mary, and Dr. Henry E. Davis of Eastern State Hospital, club members, spent hours in the early 1960s researching the club. Based on the information they collected, including published accounts and the club's surviving minutes, it appears that the organization lapsed sometime during or after the \"Late Unpleasantness of 1861-1865.\" It reappeared in the guise of a college club sometime between 1870 and 1875, when Henry Denison \"Den\" Cole of Williamsburg was a student.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Cole, evidently, carried the club from the college to his family-operated business-the Cole Shop-on Duke of Gloucester Street. Gradually the group comprised businessmen of the town and college professors, many of them prominent citizens. As the years went by, it was not unusual for members to be found at the Cole Shop sitting around a wood stove in the back room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The club has records that go back over 100 years. It is probable that any older records were lost or destroyed during the \"Late Unpleasantness\" of 1861-1865.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["In about 1777, a group of Virginians began meeting as a social club at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virgina. General George Washington mentions the Williamsburg club in some of his letters, and tradition holds that in 1779, the members accepted the General's recommendation to venerate the memory of Casimir Pulaski and name their group in his honor as a tribute to Pulaski's valiant service and personal sacrifice in the cause of American freedom.","Herbert L. Ganter, for years archivist at the College of William and Mary, and Dr. Henry E. Davis of Eastern State Hospital, club members, spent hours in the early 1960s researching the club. Based on the information they collected, including published accounts and the club's surviving minutes, it appears that the organization lapsed sometime during or after the \"Late Unpleasantness of 1861-1865.\" It reappeared in the guise of a college club sometime between 1870 and 1875, when Henry Denison \"Den\" Cole of Williamsburg was a student.","Cole, evidently, carried the club from the college to his family-operated business-the Cole Shop-on Duke of Gloucester Street. Gradually the group comprised businessmen of the town and college professors, many of them prominent citizens. As the years went by, it was not unusual for members to be found at the Cole Shop sitting around a wood stove in the back room.","The club has records that go back over 100 years. It is probable that any older records were lost or destroyed during the \"Late Unpleasantness\" of 1861-1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club Records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Pulaski Club Records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colleciton ID was changed to MS 00097 in October 2018. It was formerly identified as Mss. Acc. 1990.03.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This colleciton ID was changed to MS 00097 in October 2018. It was formerly identified as Mss. Acc. 1990.03."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAbout fifty items dating from 1877 to 1989 of records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included. An original pen and ink Christmas Card featuring members of the Pulaski Club signed by John C. Osborn and dated December 25, 1931. 1994.36 combined with 1990.03. Photocopy of Will Molineux's letter accepting invitation to join the Pulaski Club, March 27, 1993. Lists of Pulaski Club members from 1992, 1993 and 1994.  (Mss. Acc. 1990.03, 1994.36)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and newspaper clippings of the photographs of the Cole Shop, the Pulaski Club in 1920, Pulaski Club officers in 1962, Pulaski Club members in 1982, and a portrait of Count Casimir Pulaski from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoems about the Pulaski Club written by the History Committee Henningham Harrison and Ludwell Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppreciation and thanks sent for the set of benches to replace the old benches used by the Pulaski Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of W. Ray Allen, Williamsburg to J. Wilfrid Lambert informing him of the requirements to become a life member of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg. Note on back of Octagon Soap wrapper informing Lambert he had become a life member.  Mss. Acc. 1993.16 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pulaski Club flyer with stationery relating to the Club. Membership lists of the Pulaski Club, 1995-1997.  Mss. Acc. 1998.42 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEd Spencers Reminiscences of Arriving in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Pulaski Club, April 1932, with identifications on the reverse.  Mss. Acc. 2001.33 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProgram for Pulaski Club's 225th anniversary dinner, 10/25/2004. Program and menu for dinner held at a Chefs' Kitchen. Mss. Acc. 2005.07 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers relating to the annual sociable of the Pulaski Club, 2005. Includes correspondence with John V. Quarstein, program of the 2005 sociable, as well as a newspaper clipping, 1993. Mss. Acc. 2005.46 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, Sept 22, 2005, of Pulaski Club luncheon. Flyer for reservation for the Annual Membership dinner, and information regarding photograph for article for Virginia Living Magazine. Mss. Acc. 2005.60 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club article, \"Pulaski Club: No Clubhouse, It Meets on Street\", from Virginia Living Magazine, June 2006, by Chiles Larson. Includes drafts. The Pulaski Club Annual Sociable, April 11, 2006, given by Wilford Kale. Invocation, April 11, 2006, given by David J. Tetrault. Correspondence, 2006, of Channing M. Hall, III concerning the event.  Mss. Acc. 2006.42 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club Schedule for 2006-2007. Mss. Acc. 2007.11 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2006 material which includes programs for October 11, 2006 meeting, correspondence and notes from the presiding officer, Channing Hall. Mss. Acc. 2007.14 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers, 2006-2007, of the Pulaski Club. Program for the April 19, 2007 annual Sociable with a photocopy of the thank you letter to Thomas K. Norment, Jr., speaker and the 2006-2007, winter-spring schedule.  Mss. Acc. 2007.68 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThank you letters for performer and meal at Pulaski Club Annual Dinner held November 8, 2007, at Alize Bistro; remarks made at the dinner; and photocopy of program. Mss. Acc. 2007.115 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club Papers, 2008, includes menu for Annual Sociable, 17 April, 2008; program; correspondence with John Quarstein, Wayne P. Wright, Richard W. Tate and Thomas Moyles; toast by Jim Kelly, as well as remarks by Channing M. Hall, III.  Mss. Acc. 2008.66 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains material related to the 2010 Fall Cookout on the James, held by the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2010.706 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes information about the Pulaski Club's Annual Members Dinner.  Acc. 2011.123 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords.  Acc. 2011.358 Addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters, 2011, of the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2011.651 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the remarks given by Channing M. Hall, III, at the Pualski Club Annual Meeting held on 17 November 2011. There is also the registration form for the meeting and a letter about the meeting.Acc. 2012.064 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, invitations, and remarks made at the Pulaski Club Annual Sociable.  Acc. 2012.164 additon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence about adding three new members and the true age of Count Pulaski. Also included in the accession is a reproduction of a 1939 Zaharov watercolor with order form to purchase.  Acc. 2012.220 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2012.376 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence of the Pulaski Club regarding the destruction of their Sugar Maple on Duke of Gloucester Street, appreciation of their Treasurer, and the annual dinner at the Fireside Chop House in Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains letters written by Channing Hall III regarding the Pulaski Club lunch on August 13, 2013, the donation to the Williamsburg Historic Records Association of Willard Gilley's Zaharov watercolor, the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, the September 12, 2013 meeting, and the annual members dinner on October 10, 2013.  Mss addition 2013.292.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a color photograph of Pulaski Club members on April 4, 2013 on the Pulaski Club benches in Colonial Williamsburg, correspondence regarding the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, and the October 10, 2013 annual members dinner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, speeches, and programs from the 2014 Annual Sociable and Winter Gathering of the Pulaski Club. Addition Mss. Acc. 2014.140.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, brochures and records from 2014.  Mss. Acc. 2015.242 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords for 2017.  Includes Octagon Laundry Soap Membership wrapper from Edgar K. Wells, Jr. 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures, schedules, correspondence and more.  Mss. Acc. 2019.010 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2019.045 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative records, scrapbooks, and other material related to the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia. Included in the addition are photographs of members and Pulaski Cub Dinners from 1928-2011; scrapbooks containing clippings, photographs, and letters documenting the history of the Pulaski Club; and administrative records consisiting of letters, clippings, and membership rosters from 1976-2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and Annual Sociable ephemera. Ephemera includes memorial toast information for Willard Sheally Gilley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes invitations, and correspondence documenting general club events.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.","About fifty items dating from 1877 to 1989 of records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included. An original pen and ink Christmas Card featuring members of the Pulaski Club signed by John C. Osborn and dated December 25, 1931. 1994.36 combined with 1990.03. Photocopy of Will Molineux's letter accepting invitation to join the Pulaski Club, March 27, 1993. Lists of Pulaski Club members from 1992, 1993 and 1994.  (Mss. Acc. 1990.03, 1994.36)","Photographs and newspaper clippings of the photographs of the Cole Shop, the Pulaski Club in 1920, Pulaski Club officers in 1962, Pulaski Club members in 1982, and a portrait of Count Casimir Pulaski from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.","Poems about the Pulaski Club written by the History Committee Henningham Harrison and Ludwell Johnson.","Appreciation and thanks sent for the set of benches to replace the old benches used by the Pulaski Club.","Letter of W. Ray Allen, Williamsburg to J. Wilfrid Lambert informing him of the requirements to become a life member of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg. Note on back of Octagon Soap wrapper informing Lambert he had become a life member.  Mss. Acc. 1993.16 Addition","The Pulaski Club flyer with stationery relating to the Club. Membership lists of the Pulaski Club, 1995-1997.  Mss. Acc. 1998.42 Addition","Ed Spencers Reminiscences of Arriving in Williamsburg.","Photograph of Pulaski Club, April 1932, with identifications on the reverse.  Mss. Acc. 2001.33 Addition","Program for Pulaski Club's 225th anniversary dinner, 10/25/2004. Program and menu for dinner held at a Chefs' Kitchen. Mss. Acc. 2005.07 Addition","Papers relating to the annual sociable of the Pulaski Club, 2005. Includes correspondence with John V. Quarstein, program of the 2005 sociable, as well as a newspaper clipping, 1993. Mss. Acc. 2005.46 Addition","Minutes, Sept 22, 2005, of Pulaski Club luncheon. Flyer for reservation for the Annual Membership dinner, and information regarding photograph for article for Virginia Living Magazine. Mss. Acc. 2005.60 Addition","Pulaski Club article, \"Pulaski Club: No Clubhouse, It Meets on Street\", from Virginia Living Magazine, June 2006, by Chiles Larson. Includes drafts. The Pulaski Club Annual Sociable, April 11, 2006, given by Wilford Kale. Invocation, April 11, 2006, given by David J. Tetrault. Correspondence, 2006, of Channing M. Hall, III concerning the event.  Mss. Acc. 2006.42 Addition","Pulaski Club Schedule for 2006-2007. Mss. Acc. 2007.11 Addition","2006 material which includes programs for October 11, 2006 meeting, correspondence and notes from the presiding officer, Channing Hall. Mss. Acc. 2007.14 Addition","Papers, 2006-2007, of the Pulaski Club. Program for the April 19, 2007 annual Sociable with a photocopy of the thank you letter to Thomas K. Norment, Jr., speaker and the 2006-2007, winter-spring schedule.  Mss. Acc. 2007.68 Addition","Thank you letters for performer and meal at Pulaski Club Annual Dinner held November 8, 2007, at Alize Bistro; remarks made at the dinner; and photocopy of program. Mss. Acc. 2007.115 Addition","Pulaski Club Papers, 2008, includes menu for Annual Sociable, 17 April, 2008; program; correspondence with John Quarstein, Wayne P. Wright, Richard W. Tate and Thomas Moyles; toast by Jim Kelly, as well as remarks by Channing M. Hall, III.  Mss. Acc. 2008.66 Addition","Contains material related to the 2010 Fall Cookout on the James, held by the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2010.706 addition.","Includes information about the Pulaski Club's Annual Members Dinner.  Acc. 2011.123 addition.","Records.  Acc. 2011.358 Addition.","Newsletters, 2011, of the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2011.651 addition.","Contains the remarks given by Channing M. Hall, III, at the Pualski Club Annual Meeting held on 17 November 2011. There is also the registration form for the meeting and a letter about the meeting.Acc. 2012.064 addition.","Contains correspondence, invitations, and remarks made at the Pulaski Club Annual Sociable.  Acc. 2012.164 additon.","Contains correspondence about adding three new members and the true age of Count Pulaski. Also included in the accession is a reproduction of a 1939 Zaharov watercolor with order form to purchase.  Acc. 2012.220 addition.","Acc. 2012.376 addition.","Contains correspondence of the Pulaski Club regarding the destruction of their Sugar Maple on Duke of Gloucester Street, appreciation of their Treasurer, and the annual dinner at the Fireside Chop House in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Contains letters written by Channing Hall III regarding the Pulaski Club lunch on August 13, 2013, the donation to the Williamsburg Historic Records Association of Willard Gilley's Zaharov watercolor, the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, the September 12, 2013 meeting, and the annual members dinner on October 10, 2013.  Mss addition 2013.292.","Contains a color photograph of Pulaski Club members on April 4, 2013 on the Pulaski Club benches in Colonial Williamsburg, correspondence regarding the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, and the October 10, 2013 annual members dinner.","Contains correspondence, speeches, and programs from the 2014 Annual Sociable and Winter Gathering of the Pulaski Club. Addition Mss. Acc. 2014.140.","Correspondence, brochures and records from 2014.  Mss. Acc. 2015.242 addition.","Records for 2017.  Includes Octagon Laundry Soap Membership wrapper from Edgar K. Wells, Jr. 1960.","Brochures, schedules, correspondence and more.  Mss. Acc. 2019.010 addition.","Mss. Acc. 2019.045 addition.","Contains administrative records, scrapbooks, and other material related to the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia. Included in the addition are photographs of members and Pulaski Cub Dinners from 1928-2011; scrapbooks containing clippings, photographs, and letters documenting the history of the Pulaski Club; and administrative records consisiting of letters, clippings, and membership rosters from 1976-2011.","Correspondence and Annual Sociable ephemera. Ephemera includes memorial toast information for Willard Sheally Gilley.","Includes invitations, and correspondence documenting general club events."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":70,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:49.754Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_795","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_795.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pulaski Club Records","title_ssm":["Pulaski Club Records"],"title_tesim":["Pulaski Club Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1877/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014"],"text":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014","MS 00097","/repositories/2/resources/795","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Men--Virginia--Societies and clubs","Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being added on an ongoing basis.","In about 1777, a group of Virginians began meeting as a social club at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virgina. General George Washington mentions the Williamsburg club in some of his letters, and tradition holds that in 1779, the members accepted the General's recommendation to venerate the memory of Casimir Pulaski and name their group in his honor as a tribute to Pulaski's valiant service and personal sacrifice in the cause of American freedom.","Herbert L. Ganter, for years archivist at the College of William and Mary, and Dr. Henry E. Davis of Eastern State Hospital, club members, spent hours in the early 1960s researching the club. Based on the information they collected, including published accounts and the club's surviving minutes, it appears that the organization lapsed sometime during or after the \"Late Unpleasantness of 1861-1865.\" It reappeared in the guise of a college club sometime between 1870 and 1875, when Henry Denison \"Den\" Cole of Williamsburg was a student.","Cole, evidently, carried the club from the college to his family-operated business-the Cole Shop-on Duke of Gloucester Street. Gradually the group comprised businessmen of the town and college professors, many of them prominent citizens. As the years went by, it was not unusual for members to be found at the Cole Shop sitting around a wood stove in the back room.","The club has records that go back over 100 years. It is probable that any older records were lost or destroyed during the \"Late Unpleasantness\" of 1861-1865.","This colleciton ID was changed to MS 00097 in October 2018. It was formerly identified as Mss. Acc. 1990.03.","Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)","Records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.","About fifty items dating from 1877 to 1989 of records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included. An original pen and ink Christmas Card featuring members of the Pulaski Club signed by John C. Osborn and dated December 25, 1931. 1994.36 combined with 1990.03. Photocopy of Will Molineux's letter accepting invitation to join the Pulaski Club, March 27, 1993. Lists of Pulaski Club members from 1992, 1993 and 1994.  (Mss. Acc. 1990.03, 1994.36)","Photographs and newspaper clippings of the photographs of the Cole Shop, the Pulaski Club in 1920, Pulaski Club officers in 1962, Pulaski Club members in 1982, and a portrait of Count Casimir Pulaski from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.","Poems about the Pulaski Club written by the History Committee Henningham Harrison and Ludwell Johnson.","Appreciation and thanks sent for the set of benches to replace the old benches used by the Pulaski Club.","Letter of W. Ray Allen, Williamsburg to J. Wilfrid Lambert informing him of the requirements to become a life member of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg. Note on back of Octagon Soap wrapper informing Lambert he had become a life member.  Mss. Acc. 1993.16 Addition","The Pulaski Club flyer with stationery relating to the Club. Membership lists of the Pulaski Club, 1995-1997.  Mss. Acc. 1998.42 Addition","Ed Spencers Reminiscences of Arriving in Williamsburg.","Photograph of Pulaski Club, April 1932, with identifications on the reverse.  Mss. Acc. 2001.33 Addition","Program for Pulaski Club's 225th anniversary dinner, 10/25/2004. Program and menu for dinner held at a Chefs' Kitchen. Mss. Acc. 2005.07 Addition","Papers relating to the annual sociable of the Pulaski Club, 2005. Includes correspondence with John V. Quarstein, program of the 2005 sociable, as well as a newspaper clipping, 1993. Mss. Acc. 2005.46 Addition","Minutes, Sept 22, 2005, of Pulaski Club luncheon. Flyer for reservation for the Annual Membership dinner, and information regarding photograph for article for Virginia Living Magazine. Mss. Acc. 2005.60 Addition","Pulaski Club article, \"Pulaski Club: No Clubhouse, It Meets on Street\", from Virginia Living Magazine, June 2006, by Chiles Larson. Includes drafts. The Pulaski Club Annual Sociable, April 11, 2006, given by Wilford Kale. Invocation, April 11, 2006, given by David J. Tetrault. Correspondence, 2006, of Channing M. Hall, III concerning the event.  Mss. Acc. 2006.42 Addition","Pulaski Club Schedule for 2006-2007. Mss. Acc. 2007.11 Addition","2006 material which includes programs for October 11, 2006 meeting, correspondence and notes from the presiding officer, Channing Hall. Mss. Acc. 2007.14 Addition","Papers, 2006-2007, of the Pulaski Club. Program for the April 19, 2007 annual Sociable with a photocopy of the thank you letter to Thomas K. Norment, Jr., speaker and the 2006-2007, winter-spring schedule.  Mss. Acc. 2007.68 Addition","Thank you letters for performer and meal at Pulaski Club Annual Dinner held November 8, 2007, at Alize Bistro; remarks made at the dinner; and photocopy of program. Mss. Acc. 2007.115 Addition","Pulaski Club Papers, 2008, includes menu for Annual Sociable, 17 April, 2008; program; correspondence with John Quarstein, Wayne P. Wright, Richard W. Tate and Thomas Moyles; toast by Jim Kelly, as well as remarks by Channing M. Hall, III.  Mss. Acc. 2008.66 Addition","Contains material related to the 2010 Fall Cookout on the James, held by the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2010.706 addition.","Includes information about the Pulaski Club's Annual Members Dinner.  Acc. 2011.123 addition.","Records.  Acc. 2011.358 Addition.","Newsletters, 2011, of the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2011.651 addition.","Contains the remarks given by Channing M. Hall, III, at the Pualski Club Annual Meeting held on 17 November 2011. There is also the registration form for the meeting and a letter about the meeting.Acc. 2012.064 addition.","Contains correspondence, invitations, and remarks made at the Pulaski Club Annual Sociable.  Acc. 2012.164 additon.","Contains correspondence about adding three new members and the true age of Count Pulaski. Also included in the accession is a reproduction of a 1939 Zaharov watercolor with order form to purchase.  Acc. 2012.220 addition.","Acc. 2012.376 addition.","Contains correspondence of the Pulaski Club regarding the destruction of their Sugar Maple on Duke of Gloucester Street, appreciation of their Treasurer, and the annual dinner at the Fireside Chop House in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Contains letters written by Channing Hall III regarding the Pulaski Club lunch on August 13, 2013, the donation to the Williamsburg Historic Records Association of Willard Gilley's Zaharov watercolor, the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, the September 12, 2013 meeting, and the annual members dinner on October 10, 2013.  Mss addition 2013.292.","Contains a color photograph of Pulaski Club members on April 4, 2013 on the Pulaski Club benches in Colonial Williamsburg, correspondence regarding the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, and the October 10, 2013 annual members dinner.","Contains correspondence, speeches, and programs from the 2014 Annual Sociable and Winter Gathering of the Pulaski Club. Addition Mss. Acc. 2014.140.","Correspondence, brochures and records from 2014.  Mss. Acc. 2015.242 addition.","Records for 2017.  Includes Octagon Laundry Soap Membership wrapper from Edgar K. Wells, Jr. 1960.","Brochures, schedules, correspondence and more.  Mss. Acc. 2019.010 addition.","Mss. Acc. 2019.045 addition.","Contains administrative records, scrapbooks, and other material related to the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia. Included in the addition are photographs of members and Pulaski Cub Dinners from 1928-2011; scrapbooks containing clippings, photographs, and letters documenting the history of the Pulaski Club; and administrative records consisiting of letters, clippings, and membership rosters from 1976-2011.","Correspondence and Annual Sociable ephemera. Ephemera includes memorial toast information for Willard Sheally Gilley.","Includes invitations, and correspondence documenting general club events.","Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Pulaski Club Records, 1877/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00097","/repositories/2/resources/795"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00097","/repositories/2/resources/795"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift via the Williamsburg Historic Records Association. 1990.03      \nPresident Carleton Casey 1993.16      \nPulaski Club 1994.36      \nDr. Carleton Casey 1998.42      \nDr. Carleton Casey 2001.33      \nSusan Prentice 2005.07      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2005.46      \nUnknown 2005.60      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2006.42      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.11      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.14      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.68      \nChanning M. Hall, III 2007.115    \nChanning M. Hall, III 2008.66      \nChanning M. Hall, III"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Men--Virginia--Societies and clubs","Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Men--Virginia--Societies and clubs","Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.80 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.80 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Membership lists","Minutes","Photocopies","Photographs","Poems","Reports","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being added on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being added on an ongoing basis."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn about 1777, a group of Virginians began meeting as a social club at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virgina. General George Washington mentions the Williamsburg club in some of his letters, and tradition holds that in 1779, the members accepted the General's recommendation to venerate the memory of Casimir Pulaski and name their group in his honor as a tribute to Pulaski's valiant service and personal sacrifice in the cause of American freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHerbert L. Ganter, for years archivist at the College of William and Mary, and Dr. Henry E. Davis of Eastern State Hospital, club members, spent hours in the early 1960s researching the club. Based on the information they collected, including published accounts and the club's surviving minutes, it appears that the organization lapsed sometime during or after the \"Late Unpleasantness of 1861-1865.\" It reappeared in the guise of a college club sometime between 1870 and 1875, when Henry Denison \"Den\" Cole of Williamsburg was a student.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Cole, evidently, carried the club from the college to his family-operated business-the Cole Shop-on Duke of Gloucester Street. Gradually the group comprised businessmen of the town and college professors, many of them prominent citizens. As the years went by, it was not unusual for members to be found at the Cole Shop sitting around a wood stove in the back room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The club has records that go back over 100 years. It is probable that any older records were lost or destroyed during the \"Late Unpleasantness\" of 1861-1865.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["In about 1777, a group of Virginians began meeting as a social club at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virgina. General George Washington mentions the Williamsburg club in some of his letters, and tradition holds that in 1779, the members accepted the General's recommendation to venerate the memory of Casimir Pulaski and name their group in his honor as a tribute to Pulaski's valiant service and personal sacrifice in the cause of American freedom.","Herbert L. Ganter, for years archivist at the College of William and Mary, and Dr. Henry E. Davis of Eastern State Hospital, club members, spent hours in the early 1960s researching the club. Based on the information they collected, including published accounts and the club's surviving minutes, it appears that the organization lapsed sometime during or after the \"Late Unpleasantness of 1861-1865.\" It reappeared in the guise of a college club sometime between 1870 and 1875, when Henry Denison \"Den\" Cole of Williamsburg was a student.","Cole, evidently, carried the club from the college to his family-operated business-the Cole Shop-on Duke of Gloucester Street. Gradually the group comprised businessmen of the town and college professors, many of them prominent citizens. As the years went by, it was not unusual for members to be found at the Cole Shop sitting around a wood stove in the back room.","The club has records that go back over 100 years. It is probable that any older records were lost or destroyed during the \"Late Unpleasantness\" of 1861-1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club Records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Pulaski Club Records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colleciton ID was changed to MS 00097 in October 2018. It was formerly identified as Mss. Acc. 1990.03.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This colleciton ID was changed to MS 00097 in October 2018. It was formerly identified as Mss. Acc. 1990.03."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAbout fifty items dating from 1877 to 1989 of records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included. An original pen and ink Christmas Card featuring members of the Pulaski Club signed by John C. Osborn and dated December 25, 1931. 1994.36 combined with 1990.03. Photocopy of Will Molineux's letter accepting invitation to join the Pulaski Club, March 27, 1993. Lists of Pulaski Club members from 1992, 1993 and 1994.  (Mss. Acc. 1990.03, 1994.36)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and newspaper clippings of the photographs of the Cole Shop, the Pulaski Club in 1920, Pulaski Club officers in 1962, Pulaski Club members in 1982, and a portrait of Count Casimir Pulaski from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoems about the Pulaski Club written by the History Committee Henningham Harrison and Ludwell Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppreciation and thanks sent for the set of benches to replace the old benches used by the Pulaski Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of W. Ray Allen, Williamsburg to J. Wilfrid Lambert informing him of the requirements to become a life member of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg. Note on back of Octagon Soap wrapper informing Lambert he had become a life member.  Mss. Acc. 1993.16 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pulaski Club flyer with stationery relating to the Club. Membership lists of the Pulaski Club, 1995-1997.  Mss. Acc. 1998.42 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEd Spencers Reminiscences of Arriving in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Pulaski Club, April 1932, with identifications on the reverse.  Mss. Acc. 2001.33 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProgram for Pulaski Club's 225th anniversary dinner, 10/25/2004. Program and menu for dinner held at a Chefs' Kitchen. Mss. Acc. 2005.07 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers relating to the annual sociable of the Pulaski Club, 2005. Includes correspondence with John V. Quarstein, program of the 2005 sociable, as well as a newspaper clipping, 1993. Mss. Acc. 2005.46 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, Sept 22, 2005, of Pulaski Club luncheon. Flyer for reservation for the Annual Membership dinner, and information regarding photograph for article for Virginia Living Magazine. Mss. Acc. 2005.60 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club article, \"Pulaski Club: No Clubhouse, It Meets on Street\", from Virginia Living Magazine, June 2006, by Chiles Larson. Includes drafts. The Pulaski Club Annual Sociable, April 11, 2006, given by Wilford Kale. Invocation, April 11, 2006, given by David J. Tetrault. Correspondence, 2006, of Channing M. Hall, III concerning the event.  Mss. Acc. 2006.42 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club Schedule for 2006-2007. Mss. Acc. 2007.11 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2006 material which includes programs for October 11, 2006 meeting, correspondence and notes from the presiding officer, Channing Hall. Mss. Acc. 2007.14 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers, 2006-2007, of the Pulaski Club. Program for the April 19, 2007 annual Sociable with a photocopy of the thank you letter to Thomas K. Norment, Jr., speaker and the 2006-2007, winter-spring schedule.  Mss. Acc. 2007.68 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThank you letters for performer and meal at Pulaski Club Annual Dinner held November 8, 2007, at Alize Bistro; remarks made at the dinner; and photocopy of program. Mss. Acc. 2007.115 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePulaski Club Papers, 2008, includes menu for Annual Sociable, 17 April, 2008; program; correspondence with John Quarstein, Wayne P. Wright, Richard W. Tate and Thomas Moyles; toast by Jim Kelly, as well as remarks by Channing M. Hall, III.  Mss. Acc. 2008.66 Addition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains material related to the 2010 Fall Cookout on the James, held by the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2010.706 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes information about the Pulaski Club's Annual Members Dinner.  Acc. 2011.123 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords.  Acc. 2011.358 Addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters, 2011, of the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2011.651 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the remarks given by Channing M. Hall, III, at the Pualski Club Annual Meeting held on 17 November 2011. There is also the registration form for the meeting and a letter about the meeting.Acc. 2012.064 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, invitations, and remarks made at the Pulaski Club Annual Sociable.  Acc. 2012.164 additon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence about adding three new members and the true age of Count Pulaski. Also included in the accession is a reproduction of a 1939 Zaharov watercolor with order form to purchase.  Acc. 2012.220 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2012.376 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence of the Pulaski Club regarding the destruction of their Sugar Maple on Duke of Gloucester Street, appreciation of their Treasurer, and the annual dinner at the Fireside Chop House in Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains letters written by Channing Hall III regarding the Pulaski Club lunch on August 13, 2013, the donation to the Williamsburg Historic Records Association of Willard Gilley's Zaharov watercolor, the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, the September 12, 2013 meeting, and the annual members dinner on October 10, 2013.  Mss addition 2013.292.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a color photograph of Pulaski Club members on April 4, 2013 on the Pulaski Club benches in Colonial Williamsburg, correspondence regarding the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, and the October 10, 2013 annual members dinner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence, speeches, and programs from the 2014 Annual Sociable and Winter Gathering of the Pulaski Club. Addition Mss. Acc. 2014.140.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, brochures and records from 2014.  Mss. Acc. 2015.242 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords for 2017.  Includes Octagon Laundry Soap Membership wrapper from Edgar K. Wells, Jr. 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures, schedules, correspondence and more.  Mss. Acc. 2019.010 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMss. Acc. 2019.045 addition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative records, scrapbooks, and other material related to the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia. Included in the addition are photographs of members and Pulaski Cub Dinners from 1928-2011; scrapbooks containing clippings, photographs, and letters documenting the history of the Pulaski Club; and administrative records consisiting of letters, clippings, and membership rosters from 1976-2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and Annual Sociable ephemera. Ephemera includes memorial toast information for Willard Sheally Gilley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes invitations, and correspondence documenting general club events.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, stationery and clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included.","About fifty items dating from 1877 to 1989 of records of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia, a men's social club, named in honor of Count Pulaski of American Revolutionary War fame. Includes minutes, correspondence, photographs, poetry, clippings. Two letters by John D. Rockefeller are included. An original pen and ink Christmas Card featuring members of the Pulaski Club signed by John C. Osborn and dated December 25, 1931. 1994.36 combined with 1990.03. Photocopy of Will Molineux's letter accepting invitation to join the Pulaski Club, March 27, 1993. Lists of Pulaski Club members from 1992, 1993 and 1994.  (Mss. Acc. 1990.03, 1994.36)","Photographs and newspaper clippings of the photographs of the Cole Shop, the Pulaski Club in 1920, Pulaski Club officers in 1962, Pulaski Club members in 1982, and a portrait of Count Casimir Pulaski from Independence Hall in Philadelphia.","Poems about the Pulaski Club written by the History Committee Henningham Harrison and Ludwell Johnson.","Appreciation and thanks sent for the set of benches to replace the old benches used by the Pulaski Club.","Letter of W. Ray Allen, Williamsburg to J. Wilfrid Lambert informing him of the requirements to become a life member of the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg. Note on back of Octagon Soap wrapper informing Lambert he had become a life member.  Mss. Acc. 1993.16 Addition","The Pulaski Club flyer with stationery relating to the Club. Membership lists of the Pulaski Club, 1995-1997.  Mss. Acc. 1998.42 Addition","Ed Spencers Reminiscences of Arriving in Williamsburg.","Photograph of Pulaski Club, April 1932, with identifications on the reverse.  Mss. Acc. 2001.33 Addition","Program for Pulaski Club's 225th anniversary dinner, 10/25/2004. Program and menu for dinner held at a Chefs' Kitchen. Mss. Acc. 2005.07 Addition","Papers relating to the annual sociable of the Pulaski Club, 2005. Includes correspondence with John V. Quarstein, program of the 2005 sociable, as well as a newspaper clipping, 1993. Mss. Acc. 2005.46 Addition","Minutes, Sept 22, 2005, of Pulaski Club luncheon. Flyer for reservation for the Annual Membership dinner, and information regarding photograph for article for Virginia Living Magazine. Mss. Acc. 2005.60 Addition","Pulaski Club article, \"Pulaski Club: No Clubhouse, It Meets on Street\", from Virginia Living Magazine, June 2006, by Chiles Larson. Includes drafts. The Pulaski Club Annual Sociable, April 11, 2006, given by Wilford Kale. Invocation, April 11, 2006, given by David J. Tetrault. Correspondence, 2006, of Channing M. Hall, III concerning the event.  Mss. Acc. 2006.42 Addition","Pulaski Club Schedule for 2006-2007. Mss. Acc. 2007.11 Addition","2006 material which includes programs for October 11, 2006 meeting, correspondence and notes from the presiding officer, Channing Hall. Mss. Acc. 2007.14 Addition","Papers, 2006-2007, of the Pulaski Club. Program for the April 19, 2007 annual Sociable with a photocopy of the thank you letter to Thomas K. Norment, Jr., speaker and the 2006-2007, winter-spring schedule.  Mss. Acc. 2007.68 Addition","Thank you letters for performer and meal at Pulaski Club Annual Dinner held November 8, 2007, at Alize Bistro; remarks made at the dinner; and photocopy of program. Mss. Acc. 2007.115 Addition","Pulaski Club Papers, 2008, includes menu for Annual Sociable, 17 April, 2008; program; correspondence with John Quarstein, Wayne P. Wright, Richard W. Tate and Thomas Moyles; toast by Jim Kelly, as well as remarks by Channing M. Hall, III.  Mss. Acc. 2008.66 Addition","Contains material related to the 2010 Fall Cookout on the James, held by the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2010.706 addition.","Includes information about the Pulaski Club's Annual Members Dinner.  Acc. 2011.123 addition.","Records.  Acc. 2011.358 Addition.","Newsletters, 2011, of the Pulaski Club.  Acc. 2011.651 addition.","Contains the remarks given by Channing M. Hall, III, at the Pualski Club Annual Meeting held on 17 November 2011. There is also the registration form for the meeting and a letter about the meeting.Acc. 2012.064 addition.","Contains correspondence, invitations, and remarks made at the Pulaski Club Annual Sociable.  Acc. 2012.164 additon.","Contains correspondence about adding three new members and the true age of Count Pulaski. Also included in the accession is a reproduction of a 1939 Zaharov watercolor with order form to purchase.  Acc. 2012.220 addition.","Acc. 2012.376 addition.","Contains correspondence of the Pulaski Club regarding the destruction of their Sugar Maple on Duke of Gloucester Street, appreciation of their Treasurer, and the annual dinner at the Fireside Chop House in Williamsburg, Virginia.","Contains letters written by Channing Hall III regarding the Pulaski Club lunch on August 13, 2013, the donation to the Williamsburg Historic Records Association of Willard Gilley's Zaharov watercolor, the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, the September 12, 2013 meeting, and the annual members dinner on October 10, 2013.  Mss addition 2013.292.","Contains a color photograph of Pulaski Club members on April 4, 2013 on the Pulaski Club benches in Colonial Williamsburg, correspondence regarding the 2013-2014 arrangements calendar, and the October 10, 2013 annual members dinner.","Contains correspondence, speeches, and programs from the 2014 Annual Sociable and Winter Gathering of the Pulaski Club. Addition Mss. Acc. 2014.140.","Correspondence, brochures and records from 2014.  Mss. Acc. 2015.242 addition.","Records for 2017.  Includes Octagon Laundry Soap Membership wrapper from Edgar K. Wells, Jr. 1960.","Brochures, schedules, correspondence and more.  Mss. Acc. 2019.010 addition.","Mss. Acc. 2019.045 addition.","Contains administrative records, scrapbooks, and other material related to the Pulaski Club of Williamsburg, Virginia. Included in the addition are photographs of members and Pulaski Cub Dinners from 1928-2011; scrapbooks containing clippings, photographs, and letters documenting the history of the Pulaski Club; and administrative records consisiting of letters, clippings, and membership rosters from 1976-2011.","Correspondence and Annual Sociable ephemera. Ephemera includes memorial toast information for Willard Sheally Gilley.","Includes invitations, and correspondence documenting general club events."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Related artifacts described in the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03):","Framed Watercolor \"Wood for the Pulaski Club Stove\" (Mss 2014.005.01)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Pulaski Club (Williamsburg, Va.)","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":70,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:49.754Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_795"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_672.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968"],"text":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968","C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672","Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards","There are no access restrictions.","\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" Smithsonian Magazine, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/","The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.","Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including , , and .","The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.","All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"unitid_tesim":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to SCRC by Randolph Lytton in August 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" \u003ci\u003eSmithsonian Magazine\u003c/i\u003e, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" Smithsonian Magazine, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSouvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Robert Truax Washington, D.C. transportation collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0273\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Charles Baptie photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0032\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0317\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including , , and ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026amp; Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_22b0ead3d6bd8141817b62704e520045\"\u003eThis collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_493e260c33865725beae2cc4b04be669\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:37.302Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_672.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1905-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968"],"text":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968","C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672","Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)","Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards","There are no access restrictions.","\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" Smithsonian Magazine, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/","The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.","Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including , , and .","The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.","All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, 1905/1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"unitid_tesim":["C0511","/repositories/2/resources/672"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Mall, The (Washington, D.C.)","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to SCRC by Randolph Lytton in August 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Stereoscopic","Monuments -- Washington (D.C.)","Photographs","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" \u003ci\u003eSmithsonian Magazine\u003c/i\u003e, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Postcard History.\" Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/postcard/postcard-history.","\"Stereographs.\" American Antiquarian Society, Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/stereographs.htm.","Thompson, Clive. \"Stereographs Were the Original Virtual Reality\" Smithsonian Magazine, October 2017. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sterographs-original-virtual-reality-180964771/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSouvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United States Congress allowed for the private selling and mailing of postcards on February 27, 1861. However they did not become a preferred method of communication until 1907, when the U.S. government - alongside the Universal Postal Union - created a divider on the back of their postcards. This design allowed for customers to add a message on the left side of the postcard and the address on the right. This period lasted from 1907-1915 and is known as the \"Golden Age of Postcards.\" Following the Golden Age came the White Border Period (1915-1930) and the Linen Period (1930-1945). Both altered the design of postcards slightly by adding a border and providing a small description of the photograph to the side. Lastly, there was the Photochrom Period (1945-Present). Photocrom postcards were notably different from their past counterparts due to their pop in color and hyperrealistic imagery.","Souvenir photographs were small ready-to-buy photographs of different landmarks in a given area. They often came in packets of 20-25 depending on the area.","Stereographs were photographs used to create a three-dimensional image with the illusion of depth through a stereoscopic lens. Stereographs were used for educational and entertainment purposes throughout the late 19th century. Their relevance faded in the early 20th century after the postcard was introduced."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection, C0511, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023. Finding aid completed by Vilma Chicas Garcia in August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Robert Truax Washington, D.C. transportation collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0273\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"the Charles Baptie photograph collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0032\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Phil Teigen North American churches postcard collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0317\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections containing historical postcards and photography of the Washington, D.C. area including , , and ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026amp; Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Randolph Lytton historic Washington, D.C. postcards and photographs collection consists of postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereographs featuring images of Washington, D.C., as well as one photo album of Washington, D.C, and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia. The materials in this collection were created from the early 1910s-1968.","The postcards in this collection include illustrations and photographs of aerial views of Washington, D.C., Alexandria, VA, American Red Cross, American University, Anderson Home, Arlington Cemetery, Washington, D.C banks and Washington Auditorium, Blair House, Washington Bridges, Carnegie Library, City Hall, Constitution and Pennsylvania Ave, Continental Hall, Corcoran Art Gallery, Department of Agriculture, Engraving and Printing Bureau, Federal Reserve Building, Ford's Theatre, Folger Shakespeare Library, Franciscan Monastery, Freer Art Gallery, Government Printing Office, Washington hotels, History and Technology Museum, Howard University, International Eastern Star Temple, Jackson Statue, Jefferson Statue, Library of Congress, Lincoln Memorial, Masonic Temple, Meridian Hill Park, Municipal Building, National Archives, National Gallery of Art, National Geographic Society and Editorial Offices, New National Museum, New Naval Observatory Dome, New Post Office Department, New War Department Building, Pan American Union, Pennsylvania Ave, Washington D.C., Pension Office, Post Office Department building, Public Health Service building, Railroad Retirement Building, Rock Creek Park, Scottish Rite Temple, Smithsonian Institution, Soldiers Home, State, War \u0026 Navy Building, Washington statues, the Supreme Court, Thomas Circle, U.S. Treasury, United States Courthouse, Union Station, United States Capital, United States Patent Office, Washington Airport, Washington College, Washington Mall, West Washington Market, Washington Monument postcards, and the White House. The majority of the postcards within the collection were created between the 1910s and the mid 1940s.","The souvenir photographs in this collection include assorted views of different areas throughout Washington, D.C. and one set of souvenir photographs of the 1938 New York World's Fair. \n \nThe stereoscopic photographs in this collection feature images and descriptions of different Washington, D.C. landmarks including the U.S. Capitol, Pennsylvania Ave., as well as scenery and monuments."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["All materials created before 1931 are in the public domain and have no known restrictions. The following statement applies to all other materials in the collection: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See  http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_22b0ead3d6bd8141817b62704e520045\"\u003eThis collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes postcards, souvenir photographs, and stereoscopic photographs of Washington, D.C. from 1900-1960s. There is also one photo album of Washington, D.C and one foldable postcard booklet of Arlington, Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_493e260c33865725beae2cc4b04be669\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:37.302Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_672"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8866#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers and biographic material, 1899-1946, of the Reed family of Floyd County, Virgina and Warren, Ohio. Included are personal letters and photographs, as well as records relating to service of family members in WWI and WWII. The correspondence series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to his future wife, Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed), during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. Reed's assignments included posts in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation thereof, in Texas along the border with Mexico, and in Germany and France during World War I. Interwar correspondences focus more on Clarence Reed's domestic life in Warren, Ohio. During the World War II period, Asa and Clarence Reed received correspondences from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, serving in the U.S. Army. The biographic material series includes publications from the late nineteenth century on health remedies, as well as brief histories of the Ohio and Erie Railroads. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8866#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8866.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Reed Family Papers","title_ssm":["Reed Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Reed Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899-1946","1910-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1899-1946"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1910-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"text":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946","01/Mss. Acc. 2010.055","/repositories/2/resources/8866","Philippines--Description and travel","World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--United States","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Photographs","Postcards","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Organized into two series: Series 1: Correspondence, Series 2: Biographic Material. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Accessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist.  Further arranged and described by Peter Klicker, SCRC staff, in February-March 2010.","This collection contains the papers and biographic material, 1899-1946, of the Reed family of Floyd County, Virgina and Warren, Ohio. Included are personal letters and photographs, as well as  records relating to service of family members in WWI and WWII.  The correspondence series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to his future wife, Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed), during Reed's service in the U.S. Army.  Reed's assignments included posts in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation thereof, in Texas along the border with Mexico, and in Germany and France during World War I.  Interwar correspondences focus more on Clarence Reed's domestic life in Warren, Ohio.  During the World War II period, Asa and Clarence Reed received correspondences from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, serving in the U.S. Army.  The biographic material series includes publications from the late nineteenth century on health remedies, as well as brief histories of the Ohio and Erie Railroads.  The series also contains Asa D. Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.","Scope and Contents This series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed) during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. From 1913 through 1920, Reed wrote to Mangus on a consistent basis from Army posts in Alabama, Georgia, the Philippines, Texas, Wyoming, Germany, France and Arkansas. During this time period Mangus resided in Floyd County, Virgina with her parents. Reed describes his military service in these letters, but focuses more so on his desire to return to civilian life and marry Mangus. Reed frequently refers to himself as \"John\" and to Mangus as \"Irene.\" After their marriage in 1920, Asa and Clarence Reed moved to Warren, Ohio. Later items in this series include letters to Clarence Reed from her mother, Kitty A. Mangus, in Floyd County, Virgina. Clarence Reed also received frequent letters from a relative named Lila. During World War II, Asa and Clarence Reed received postcards and letters from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, who also served in the U.S. Army. Other items in the collection include telegrams informing Asa Reed of family deaths, postcards from the World I and World War II era, and invitations to family weddings and school graduations.","Items in this series include publications such as account books and pamphlets on health remedies. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's honorable discharge papers from the U.S. Army, which provides a brief summary of his service from August 27, 1913 through June 4, 1920. A baby book provides information on the birth and early years of Eugene Mangus Reed, the son of Asa and Clarence Reed. Other items of interest include advertisements for coffee companies and a local bank in Warren, Ohio. The series also contains a pamphlet for a sanitary train that Asa Reed served on in the military, as well as pamphlets on the Erie and Ohio railroads. The series concludes with one photograph of Clarence Mangus (Reed) and several unidentified photographs of what appear to be WWI German military officers.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"collection_ssim":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. Acc. 2010.055","/repositories/2/resources/8866"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. Acc. 2010.055","/repositories/2/resources/8866"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Philippines--Description and travel"],"geogname_ssim":["Philippines--Description and travel"],"places_ssim":["Philippines--Description and travel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--United States","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Photographs","Postcards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918--France","World War, 1914-1918--United States","World War, 1939-1945","Correspondence","Photographs","Postcards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.66 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.66 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Postcards"],"date_range_isim":[1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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Burger Archivist.  Further arranged and described by Peter Klicker, SCRC staff, in February-March 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers and biographic material, 1899-1946, of the Reed family of Floyd County, Virgina and Warren, Ohio. Included are personal letters and photographs, as well as  records relating to service of family members in WWI and WWII.  The correspondence series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to his future wife, Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed), during Reed's service in the U.S. Army.  Reed's assignments included posts in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation thereof, in Texas along the border with Mexico, and in Germany and France during World War I.  Interwar correspondences focus more on Clarence Reed's domestic life in Warren, Ohio.  During the World War II period, Asa and Clarence Reed received correspondences from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, serving in the U.S. Army.  The biographic material series includes publications from the late nineteenth century on health remedies, as well as brief histories of the Ohio and Erie Railroads.  The series also contains Asa D. Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed) during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. From 1913 through 1920, Reed wrote to Mangus on a consistent basis from Army posts in Alabama, Georgia, the Philippines, Texas, Wyoming, Germany, France and Arkansas. During this time period Mangus resided in Floyd County, Virgina with her parents. Reed describes his military service in these letters, but focuses more so on his desire to return to civilian life and marry Mangus. Reed frequently refers to himself as \"John\" and to Mangus as \"Irene.\" After their marriage in 1920, Asa and Clarence Reed moved to Warren, Ohio. Later items in this series include letters to Clarence Reed from her mother, Kitty A. Mangus, in Floyd County, Virgina. Clarence Reed also received frequent letters from a relative named Lila. During World War II, Asa and Clarence Reed received postcards and letters from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, who also served in the U.S. Army. Other items in the collection include telegrams informing Asa Reed of family deaths, postcards from the World I and World War II era, and invitations to family weddings and school graduations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems in this series include publications such as account books and pamphlets on health remedies. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's honorable discharge papers from the U.S. Army, which provides a brief summary of his service from August 27, 1913 through June 4, 1920. A baby book provides information on the birth and early years of Eugene Mangus Reed, the son of Asa and Clarence Reed. Other items of interest include advertisements for coffee companies and a local bank in Warren, Ohio. The series also contains a pamphlet for a sanitary train that Asa Reed served on in the military, as well as pamphlets on the Erie and Ohio railroads. The series concludes with one photograph of Clarence Mangus (Reed) and several unidentified photographs of what appear to be WWI German military officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and biographic material, 1899-1946, of the Reed family of Floyd County, Virgina and Warren, Ohio. Included are personal letters and photographs, as well as  records relating to service of family members in WWI and WWII.  The correspondence series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to his future wife, Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed), during Reed's service in the U.S. Army.  Reed's assignments included posts in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation thereof, in Texas along the border with Mexico, and in Germany and France during World War I.  Interwar correspondences focus more on Clarence Reed's domestic life in Warren, Ohio.  During the World War II period, Asa and Clarence Reed received correspondences from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, serving in the U.S. Army.  The biographic material series includes publications from the late nineteenth century on health remedies, as well as brief histories of the Ohio and Erie Railroads.  The series also contains Asa D. Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.","Scope and Contents This series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed) during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. From 1913 through 1920, Reed wrote to Mangus on a consistent basis from Army posts in Alabama, Georgia, the Philippines, Texas, Wyoming, Germany, France and Arkansas. During this time period Mangus resided in Floyd County, Virgina with her parents. Reed describes his military service in these letters, but focuses more so on his desire to return to civilian life and marry Mangus. Reed frequently refers to himself as \"John\" and to Mangus as \"Irene.\" After their marriage in 1920, Asa and Clarence Reed moved to Warren, Ohio. Later items in this series include letters to Clarence Reed from her mother, Kitty A. Mangus, in Floyd County, Virgina. Clarence Reed also received frequent letters from a relative named Lila. During World War II, Asa and Clarence Reed received postcards and letters from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, who also served in the U.S. Army. Other items in the collection include telegrams informing Asa Reed of family deaths, postcards from the World I and World War II era, and invitations to family weddings and school graduations.","Items in this series include publications such as account books and pamphlets on health remedies. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's honorable discharge papers from the U.S. Army, which provides a brief summary of his service from August 27, 1913 through June 4, 1920. A baby book provides information on the birth and early years of Eugene Mangus Reed, the son of Asa and Clarence Reed. Other items of interest include advertisements for coffee companies and a local bank in Warren, Ohio. The series also contains a pamphlet for a sanitary train that Asa Reed served on in the military, as well as pamphlets on the Erie and Ohio railroads. The series concludes with one photograph of Clarence Mangus (Reed) and several unidentified photographs of what appear to be WWI German military officers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:41.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8866","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8866.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Reed Family Papers","title_ssm":["Reed Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Reed Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899-1946","1910-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1899-1946"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1910-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"text":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946","01/Mss. 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Included are personal letters and photographs, as well as  records relating to service of family members in WWI and WWII.  The correspondence series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to his future wife, Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed), during Reed's service in the U.S. Army.  Reed's assignments included posts in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation thereof, in Texas along the border with Mexico, and in Germany and France during World War I.  Interwar correspondences focus more on Clarence Reed's domestic life in Warren, Ohio.  During the World War II period, Asa and Clarence Reed received correspondences from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, serving in the U.S. Army.  The biographic material series includes publications from the late nineteenth century on health remedies, as well as brief histories of the Ohio and Erie Railroads.  The series also contains Asa D. Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.","Scope and Contents This series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed) during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. From 1913 through 1920, Reed wrote to Mangus on a consistent basis from Army posts in Alabama, Georgia, the Philippines, Texas, Wyoming, Germany, France and Arkansas. During this time period Mangus resided in Floyd County, Virgina with her parents. Reed describes his military service in these letters, but focuses more so on his desire to return to civilian life and marry Mangus. Reed frequently refers to himself as \"John\" and to Mangus as \"Irene.\" After their marriage in 1920, Asa and Clarence Reed moved to Warren, Ohio. Later items in this series include letters to Clarence Reed from her mother, Kitty A. Mangus, in Floyd County, Virgina. Clarence Reed also received frequent letters from a relative named Lila. During World War II, Asa and Clarence Reed received postcards and letters from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, who also served in the U.S. Army. Other items in the collection include telegrams informing Asa Reed of family deaths, postcards from the World I and World War II era, and invitations to family weddings and school graduations.","Items in this series include publications such as account books and pamphlets on health remedies. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's honorable discharge papers from the U.S. Army, which provides a brief summary of his service from August 27, 1913 through June 4, 1920. A baby book provides information on the birth and early years of Eugene Mangus Reed, the son of Asa and Clarence Reed. Other items of interest include advertisements for coffee companies and a local bank in Warren, Ohio. The series also contains a pamphlet for a sanitary train that Asa Reed served on in the military, as well as pamphlets on the Erie and Ohio railroads. The series concludes with one photograph of Clarence Mangus (Reed) and several unidentified photographs of what appear to be WWI German military officers.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"collection_ssim":["Reed Family Papers, 1899/1946, bulk 1910/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. Acc. 2010.055","/repositories/2/resources/8866"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 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Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed) during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. From 1913 through 1920, Reed wrote to Mangus on a consistent basis from Army posts in Alabama, Georgia, the Philippines, Texas, Wyoming, Germany, France and Arkansas. During this time period Mangus resided in Floyd County, Virgina with her parents. Reed describes his military service in these letters, but focuses more so on his desire to return to civilian life and marry Mangus. Reed frequently refers to himself as \"John\" and to Mangus as \"Irene.\" After their marriage in 1920, Asa and Clarence Reed moved to Warren, Ohio. Later items in this series include letters to Clarence Reed from her mother, Kitty A. Mangus, in Floyd County, Virgina. Clarence Reed also received frequent letters from a relative named Lila. During World War II, Asa and Clarence Reed received postcards and letters from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, who also served in the U.S. Army. Other items in the collection include telegrams informing Asa Reed of family deaths, postcards from the World I and World War II era, and invitations to family weddings and school graduations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems in this series include publications such as account books and pamphlets on health remedies. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's honorable discharge papers from the U.S. Army, which provides a brief summary of his service from August 27, 1913 through June 4, 1920. A baby book provides information on the birth and early years of Eugene Mangus Reed, the son of Asa and Clarence Reed. Other items of interest include advertisements for coffee companies and a local bank in Warren, Ohio. The series also contains a pamphlet for a sanitary train that Asa Reed served on in the military, as well as pamphlets on the Erie and Ohio railroads. The series concludes with one photograph of Clarence Mangus (Reed) and several unidentified photographs of what appear to be WWI German military officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and biographic material, 1899-1946, of the Reed family of Floyd County, Virgina and Warren, Ohio. Included are personal letters and photographs, as well as  records relating to service of family members in WWI and WWII.  The correspondence series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to his future wife, Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed), during Reed's service in the U.S. Army.  Reed's assignments included posts in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation thereof, in Texas along the border with Mexico, and in Germany and France during World War I.  Interwar correspondences focus more on Clarence Reed's domestic life in Warren, Ohio.  During the World War II period, Asa and Clarence Reed received correspondences from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, serving in the U.S. Army.  The biographic material series includes publications from the late nineteenth century on health remedies, as well as brief histories of the Ohio and Erie Railroads.  The series also contains Asa D. Reed's discharge papers from the U.S. Army, the baby book of Eugene Mangus Reed, and a photograph of Clarence Mangus.","Scope and Contents This series consists largely of personal letters written by Asa Daniel Reed to Clarence Elizabeth Mangus (later Clarence Elizabeth Reed) during Reed's service in the U.S. Army. From 1913 through 1920, Reed wrote to Mangus on a consistent basis from Army posts in Alabama, Georgia, the Philippines, Texas, Wyoming, Germany, France and Arkansas. During this time period Mangus resided in Floyd County, Virgina with her parents. Reed describes his military service in these letters, but focuses more so on his desire to return to civilian life and marry Mangus. Reed frequently refers to himself as \"John\" and to Mangus as \"Irene.\" After their marriage in 1920, Asa and Clarence Reed moved to Warren, Ohio. Later items in this series include letters to Clarence Reed from her mother, Kitty A. Mangus, in Floyd County, Virgina. Clarence Reed also received frequent letters from a relative named Lila. During World War II, Asa and Clarence Reed received postcards and letters from their son, Eugene Mangus Reed, who also served in the U.S. Army. Other items in the collection include telegrams informing Asa Reed of family deaths, postcards from the World I and World War II era, and invitations to family weddings and school graduations.","Items in this series include publications such as account books and pamphlets on health remedies. The series also contains Asa D. Reed's honorable discharge papers from the U.S. Army, which provides a brief summary of his service from August 27, 1913 through June 4, 1920. A baby book provides information on the birth and early years of Eugene Mangus Reed, the son of Asa and Clarence Reed. Other items of interest include advertisements for coffee companies and a local bank in Warren, Ohio. The series also contains a pamphlet for a sanitary train that Asa Reed served on in the military, as well as pamphlets on the Erie and Ohio railroads. The series concludes with one photograph of Clarence Mangus (Reed) and several unidentified photographs of what appear to be WWI German military officers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:41.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8866"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8867#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8867#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8867#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8867.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Rembert Family Papers","title_ssm":["Rembert Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rembert Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1885-1965","1910-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1885-1965"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1910-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"text":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955","MS 00019","/repositories/2/resources/8867","Race relations--1960-1970","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Personal narratives","Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is currently being arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.","John Patrick Rembert was born in Texas in 1907, went to the US Naval Academy and moved with his wife Sarah to Arlington, Virginia in the mid-1940s and lived there until his death in 1976. Rembert obtained the rank of Rear Admiral in the US Navy. Throughout his career with the Navy, Rembert earned the Flying Cross with Gold Star, the Air Medal with 5 Gold Stars, the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medail, Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal. He was Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Facility in Hawaii, USS Salerno Bay, USS Tarawa. He fought during WWII in the Solomans Campaign, and many other Island campaigns as a Commander of Air Group 40. He was also commander of the USS Orca, where many of the letters are from.","Accessioned and minimally processed in May 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist. Processing and finding aid completed by Katie Dixon, SCRC staff in July 2010.","One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.","This collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.","Items range in date from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s (bulk 1910s-1950s).","Scope and Contents This series contains correspondence, primarily correspondence between John Patrick Rembert and his wife, Sarafan Rembert. However, the series also includes correspondence from John Patrick Rembert to his parents, some relatives, and friends, although these correspondences are predominantly undated or during his time at the Naval Academy. The series includes correspondence on official Naval stationary, as well as postcards and several telegrams. The correspondence from John Patrick Rembert primarily focuses on his Naval responsibilities and his thoughts and descriptions of the areas in which he is stationed. The correspondence from Sarafan Rembert primarily focuses on home life. The series is arranged chronologically, beginning in 1906 and ending with John Patrick Rembert's time on the U.S.S. Tarawa.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Scope and Contents This series contains photographs, primarily undated small photos of the Rembert's travels, family, and friends. The series also includes official Naval photographs of dinners and parties, and some photographs of Sarafan Rembert and John Patrick Rembert. There is also a large number of matted portraits, dating from the late 1800s to the 1950s. This series also holds several photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. race riots and the 1969 moon landing.","Scope and Contents This series includes two scrapbooks by the Rembert family. The first item in the series is a scrapbook inscribed \"Presented by the Scholars to Mrs. Agnes Ausbury, Superintendent of the West Prairie Sunday School as a token of Friendship\", dated January 1, 1883. Mrs. Ausbury was a relative of Sarafan Rembert. The scrapbook includes portraits of men and women from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The second item in the series is a scrapbook made by John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, including photographs of the couple on travel, at home, and with friends. The item is undated, but appears to be from the 1920s and 1930s.","Scope and Contents This series contains newspapers and ephemera that once belonged to the Rembert family. The newspaper clippings mostly reference World War II, including comics and small news stories, but also include references to the Remberts, particularly Sarafan. Newspaper clippings related to Sarafan include a piece about her involvement as a Naval wife in the War, her and John Patrick Rembert's cat \"Spook\", and her car. The series also includes several books, including ledger books detailing the Rembert's stock holdings, receipts, and other monetary holdings, a novel inscribed to John Patrick Rembert, and a book detailing camera exposures which includes several of the Rembert's negatives. Also included in the series are several certificates, including the Masonic certificate of John Patrick Rembert, Sr., indicating his achievement of the 32nd Degree. Also included is a certificate of John Patrick Rembert's enrollment in the \"Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves\", and Sarafan Rembert's Panama Driver's License. There are also several cards, placecards, and other pieces of ephemera.","One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00019","/repositories/2/resources/8867"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00019","/repositories/2/resources/8867"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"creator_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Race relations--1960-1970","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Personal narratives","Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Race relations--1960-1970","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Personal narratives","Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.20 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is currently being arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is currently being arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Rembert was born in Texas in 1907, went to the US Naval Academy and moved with his wife Sarah to Arlington, Virginia in the mid-1940s and lived there until his death in 1976. Rembert obtained the rank of Rear Admiral in the US Navy. Throughout his career with the Navy, Rembert earned the Flying Cross with Gold Star, the Air Medal with 5 Gold Stars, the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medail, Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal. He was Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Facility in Hawaii, USS Salerno Bay, USS Tarawa. He fought during WWII in the Solomans Campaign, and many other Island campaigns as a Commander of Air Group 40. He was also commander of the USS Orca, where many of the letters are from.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Patrick Rembert was born in Texas in 1907, went to the US Naval Academy and moved with his wife Sarah to Arlington, Virginia in the mid-1940s and lived there until his death in 1976. Rembert obtained the rank of Rear Admiral in the US Navy. Throughout his career with the Navy, Rembert earned the Flying Cross with Gold Star, the Air Medal with 5 Gold Stars, the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medail, Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal. He was Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Facility in Hawaii, USS Salerno Bay, USS Tarawa. He fought during WWII in the Solomans Campaign, and many other Island campaigns as a Commander of Air Group 40. He was also commander of the USS Orca, where many of the letters are from."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRembert Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Rembert Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed in May 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist. Processing and finding aid completed by Katie Dixon, SCRC staff in July 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed in May 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist. Processing and finding aid completed by Katie Dixon, SCRC staff in July 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems range in date from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s (bulk 1910s-1950s).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series contains correspondence, primarily correspondence between John Patrick Rembert and his wife, Sarafan Rembert. However, the series also includes correspondence from John Patrick Rembert to his parents, some relatives, and friends, although these correspondences are predominantly undated or during his time at the Naval Academy. The series includes correspondence on official Naval stationary, as well as postcards and several telegrams. The correspondence from John Patrick Rembert primarily focuses on his Naval responsibilities and his thoughts and descriptions of the areas in which he is stationed. The correspondence from Sarafan Rembert primarily focuses on home life. The series is arranged chronologically, beginning in 1906 and ending with John Patrick Rembert's time on the U.S.S. Tarawa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series contains photographs, primarily undated small photos of the Rembert's travels, family, and friends. The series also includes official Naval photographs of dinners and parties, and some photographs of Sarafan Rembert and John Patrick Rembert. There is also a large number of matted portraits, dating from the late 1800s to the 1950s. This series also holds several photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. race riots and the 1969 moon landing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series includes two scrapbooks by the Rembert family. The first item in the series is a scrapbook inscribed \"Presented by the Scholars to Mrs. Agnes Ausbury, Superintendent of the West Prairie Sunday School as a token of Friendship\", dated January 1, 1883. Mrs. Ausbury was a relative of Sarafan Rembert. The scrapbook includes portraits of men and women from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The second item in the series is a scrapbook made by John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, including photographs of the couple on travel, at home, and with friends. The item is undated, but appears to be from the 1920s and 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series contains newspapers and ephemera that once belonged to the Rembert family. The newspaper clippings mostly reference World War II, including comics and small news stories, but also include references to the Remberts, particularly Sarafan. Newspaper clippings related to Sarafan include a piece about her involvement as a Naval wife in the War, her and John Patrick Rembert's cat \"Spook\", and her car. The series also includes several books, including ledger books detailing the Rembert's stock holdings, receipts, and other monetary holdings, a novel inscribed to John Patrick Rembert, and a book detailing camera exposures which includes several of the Rembert's negatives. Also included in the series are several certificates, including the Masonic certificate of John Patrick Rembert, Sr., indicating his achievement of the 32nd Degree. Also included is a certificate of John Patrick Rembert's enrollment in the \"Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves\", and Sarafan Rembert's Panama Driver's License. There are also several cards, placecards, and other pieces of ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.","Items range in date from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s (bulk 1910s-1950s).","Scope and Contents This series contains correspondence, primarily correspondence between John Patrick Rembert and his wife, Sarafan Rembert. However, the series also includes correspondence from John Patrick Rembert to his parents, some relatives, and friends, although these correspondences are predominantly undated or during his time at the Naval Academy. The series includes correspondence on official Naval stationary, as well as postcards and several telegrams. The correspondence from John Patrick Rembert primarily focuses on his Naval responsibilities and his thoughts and descriptions of the areas in which he is stationed. The correspondence from Sarafan Rembert primarily focuses on home life. The series is arranged chronologically, beginning in 1906 and ending with John Patrick Rembert's time on the U.S.S. Tarawa.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Scope and Contents This series contains photographs, primarily undated small photos of the Rembert's travels, family, and friends. The series also includes official Naval photographs of dinners and parties, and some photographs of Sarafan Rembert and John Patrick Rembert. There is also a large number of matted portraits, dating from the late 1800s to the 1950s. This series also holds several photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. race riots and the 1969 moon landing.","Scope and Contents This series includes two scrapbooks by the Rembert family. The first item in the series is a scrapbook inscribed \"Presented by the Scholars to Mrs. Agnes Ausbury, Superintendent of the West Prairie Sunday School as a token of Friendship\", dated January 1, 1883. Mrs. Ausbury was a relative of Sarafan Rembert. The scrapbook includes portraits of men and women from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The second item in the series is a scrapbook made by John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, including photographs of the couple on travel, at home, and with friends. The item is undated, but appears to be from the 1920s and 1930s.","Scope and Contents This series contains newspapers and ephemera that once belonged to the Rembert family. The newspaper clippings mostly reference World War II, including comics and small news stories, but also include references to the Remberts, particularly Sarafan. Newspaper clippings related to Sarafan include a piece about her involvement as a Naval wife in the War, her and John Patrick Rembert's cat \"Spook\", and her car. The series also includes several books, including ledger books detailing the Rembert's stock holdings, receipts, and other monetary holdings, a novel inscribed to John Patrick Rembert, and a book detailing camera exposures which includes several of the Rembert's negatives. Also included in the series are several certificates, including the Masonic certificate of John Patrick Rembert, Sr., indicating his achievement of the 32nd Degree. Also included is a certificate of John Patrick Rembert's enrollment in the \"Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves\", and Sarafan Rembert's Panama Driver's License. There are also several cards, placecards, and other pieces of ephemera."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":112,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:41.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8867","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8867.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Rembert Family Papers","title_ssm":["Rembert Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rembert Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1885-1965","1910-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1885-1965"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1910-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"text":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955","MS 00019","/repositories/2/resources/8867","Race relations--1960-1970","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Personal narratives","Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is currently being arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.","John Patrick Rembert was born in Texas in 1907, went to the US Naval Academy and moved with his wife Sarah to Arlington, Virginia in the mid-1940s and lived there until his death in 1976. Rembert obtained the rank of Rear Admiral in the US Navy. Throughout his career with the Navy, Rembert earned the Flying Cross with Gold Star, the Air Medal with 5 Gold Stars, the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medail, Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal. He was Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Facility in Hawaii, USS Salerno Bay, USS Tarawa. He fought during WWII in the Solomans Campaign, and many other Island campaigns as a Commander of Air Group 40. He was also commander of the USS Orca, where many of the letters are from.","Accessioned and minimally processed in May 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist. Processing and finding aid completed by Katie Dixon, SCRC staff in July 2010.","One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.","This collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.","Items range in date from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s (bulk 1910s-1950s).","Scope and Contents This series contains correspondence, primarily correspondence between John Patrick Rembert and his wife, Sarafan Rembert. However, the series also includes correspondence from John Patrick Rembert to his parents, some relatives, and friends, although these correspondences are predominantly undated or during his time at the Naval Academy. The series includes correspondence on official Naval stationary, as well as postcards and several telegrams. The correspondence from John Patrick Rembert primarily focuses on his Naval responsibilities and his thoughts and descriptions of the areas in which he is stationed. The correspondence from Sarafan Rembert primarily focuses on home life. The series is arranged chronologically, beginning in 1906 and ending with John Patrick Rembert's time on the U.S.S. Tarawa.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Scope and Contents This series contains photographs, primarily undated small photos of the Rembert's travels, family, and friends. The series also includes official Naval photographs of dinners and parties, and some photographs of Sarafan Rembert and John Patrick Rembert. There is also a large number of matted portraits, dating from the late 1800s to the 1950s. This series also holds several photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. race riots and the 1969 moon landing.","Scope and Contents This series includes two scrapbooks by the Rembert family. The first item in the series is a scrapbook inscribed \"Presented by the Scholars to Mrs. Agnes Ausbury, Superintendent of the West Prairie Sunday School as a token of Friendship\", dated January 1, 1883. Mrs. Ausbury was a relative of Sarafan Rembert. The scrapbook includes portraits of men and women from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The second item in the series is a scrapbook made by John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, including photographs of the couple on travel, at home, and with friends. The item is undated, but appears to be from the 1920s and 1930s.","Scope and Contents This series contains newspapers and ephemera that once belonged to the Rembert family. The newspaper clippings mostly reference World War II, including comics and small news stories, but also include references to the Remberts, particularly Sarafan. Newspaper clippings related to Sarafan include a piece about her involvement as a Naval wife in the War, her and John Patrick Rembert's cat \"Spook\", and her car. The series also includes several books, including ledger books detailing the Rembert's stock holdings, receipts, and other monetary holdings, a novel inscribed to John Patrick Rembert, and a book detailing camera exposures which includes several of the Rembert's negatives. Also included in the series are several certificates, including the Masonic certificate of John Patrick Rembert, Sr., indicating his achievement of the 32nd Degree. Also included is a certificate of John Patrick Rembert's enrollment in the \"Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves\", and Sarafan Rembert's Panama Driver's License. There are also several cards, placecards, and other pieces of ephemera.","One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Rembert Family Papers, 1885/1965, bulk 1910/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00019","/repositories/2/resources/8867"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00019","/repositories/2/resources/8867"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"creator_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Rembert, John Patrick, 1907-1976","Rembert, Sarah","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Race relations--1960-1970","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Personal narratives","Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Race relations--1960-1970","World War, 1939-1945--United States--Personal narratives","Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.20 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Buttons (fasteners)","Certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is currently being arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is currently being arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Rembert was born in Texas in 1907, went to the US Naval Academy and moved with his wife Sarah to Arlington, Virginia in the mid-1940s and lived there until his death in 1976. Rembert obtained the rank of Rear Admiral in the US Navy. Throughout his career with the Navy, Rembert earned the Flying Cross with Gold Star, the Air Medal with 5 Gold Stars, the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medail, Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal. He was Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Facility in Hawaii, USS Salerno Bay, USS Tarawa. He fought during WWII in the Solomans Campaign, and many other Island campaigns as a Commander of Air Group 40. He was also commander of the USS Orca, where many of the letters are from.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Patrick Rembert was born in Texas in 1907, went to the US Naval Academy and moved with his wife Sarah to Arlington, Virginia in the mid-1940s and lived there until his death in 1976. Rembert obtained the rank of Rear Admiral in the US Navy. Throughout his career with the Navy, Rembert earned the Flying Cross with Gold Star, the Air Medal with 5 Gold Stars, the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medail, Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal and the National Defense Service Medal. He was Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Facility in Hawaii, USS Salerno Bay, USS Tarawa. He fought during WWII in the Solomans Campaign, and many other Island campaigns as a Commander of Air Group 40. He was also commander of the USS Orca, where many of the letters are from."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRembert Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Rembert Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed in May 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist. Processing and finding aid completed by Katie Dixon, SCRC staff in July 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed in May 2010 by Ute Schechter, Warren E. Burger Archivist. Processing and finding aid completed by Katie Dixon, SCRC staff in July 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems range in date from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s (bulk 1910s-1950s).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series contains correspondence, primarily correspondence between John Patrick Rembert and his wife, Sarafan Rembert. However, the series also includes correspondence from John Patrick Rembert to his parents, some relatives, and friends, although these correspondences are predominantly undated or during his time at the Naval Academy. The series includes correspondence on official Naval stationary, as well as postcards and several telegrams. The correspondence from John Patrick Rembert primarily focuses on his Naval responsibilities and his thoughts and descriptions of the areas in which he is stationed. The correspondence from Sarafan Rembert primarily focuses on home life. The series is arranged chronologically, beginning in 1906 and ending with John Patrick Rembert's time on the U.S.S. Tarawa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 of 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series contains photographs, primarily undated small photos of the Rembert's travels, family, and friends. The series also includes official Naval photographs of dinners and parties, and some photographs of Sarafan Rembert and John Patrick Rembert. There is also a large number of matted portraits, dating from the late 1800s to the 1950s. This series also holds several photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. race riots and the 1969 moon landing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series includes two scrapbooks by the Rembert family. The first item in the series is a scrapbook inscribed \"Presented by the Scholars to Mrs. Agnes Ausbury, Superintendent of the West Prairie Sunday School as a token of Friendship\", dated January 1, 1883. Mrs. Ausbury was a relative of Sarafan Rembert. The scrapbook includes portraits of men and women from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The second item in the series is a scrapbook made by John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, including photographs of the couple on travel, at home, and with friends. The item is undated, but appears to be from the 1920s and 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents This series contains newspapers and ephemera that once belonged to the Rembert family. The newspaper clippings mostly reference World War II, including comics and small news stories, but also include references to the Remberts, particularly Sarafan. Newspaper clippings related to Sarafan include a piece about her involvement as a Naval wife in the War, her and John Patrick Rembert's cat \"Spook\", and her car. The series also includes several books, including ledger books detailing the Rembert's stock holdings, receipts, and other monetary holdings, a novel inscribed to John Patrick Rembert, and a book detailing camera exposures which includes several of the Rembert's negatives. Also included in the series are several certificates, including the Masonic certificate of John Patrick Rembert, Sr., indicating his achievement of the 32nd Degree. Also included is a certificate of John Patrick Rembert's enrollment in the \"Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves\", and Sarafan Rembert's Panama Driver's License. There are also several cards, placecards, and other pieces of ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of approximately 1,400 total items including approximately 550 letters from 1944 to 1955 between John Patrick Rembert and his wife Sarafan, as well as other correspondence regarding homelife and the military and World War II. Also included in this collection are photo albums and loose photographs, including many portraits of John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, relatives of the Remberts, friends and family and the Rembert's travels. There are several 8x10 official Naval photographs of the Remberts and Naval parties and dinners, as well as eight 8x10 photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. \"Negroe Integration Riots.\" The collection also includes many pieces of ephemera, including many certificates including a 1921 Masonic certificate of the 32nd Degree, cards, and drawings, as well as a collection of John Patrick Rembert's Naval buttons.","Items range in date from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s (bulk 1910s-1950s).","Scope and Contents This series contains correspondence, primarily correspondence between John Patrick Rembert and his wife, Sarafan Rembert. However, the series also includes correspondence from John Patrick Rembert to his parents, some relatives, and friends, although these correspondences are predominantly undated or during his time at the Naval Academy. The series includes correspondence on official Naval stationary, as well as postcards and several telegrams. The correspondence from John Patrick Rembert primarily focuses on his Naval responsibilities and his thoughts and descriptions of the areas in which he is stationed. The correspondence from Sarafan Rembert primarily focuses on home life. The series is arranged chronologically, beginning in 1906 and ending with John Patrick Rembert's time on the U.S.S. Tarawa.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Folder 1 of 2.","Folder 2 of 2.","Scope and Contents This series contains photographs, primarily undated small photos of the Rembert's travels, family, and friends. The series also includes official Naval photographs of dinners and parties, and some photographs of Sarafan Rembert and John Patrick Rembert. There is also a large number of matted portraits, dating from the late 1800s to the 1950s. This series also holds several photographs of the 1968 Washington D.C. race riots and the 1969 moon landing.","Scope and Contents This series includes two scrapbooks by the Rembert family. The first item in the series is a scrapbook inscribed \"Presented by the Scholars to Mrs. Agnes Ausbury, Superintendent of the West Prairie Sunday School as a token of Friendship\", dated January 1, 1883. Mrs. Ausbury was a relative of Sarafan Rembert. The scrapbook includes portraits of men and women from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The second item in the series is a scrapbook made by John Patrick Rembert and Sarafan Rembert, including photographs of the couple on travel, at home, and with friends. The item is undated, but appears to be from the 1920s and 1930s.","Scope and Contents This series contains newspapers and ephemera that once belonged to the Rembert family. The newspaper clippings mostly reference World War II, including comics and small news stories, but also include references to the Remberts, particularly Sarafan. Newspaper clippings related to Sarafan include a piece about her involvement as a Naval wife in the War, her and John Patrick Rembert's cat \"Spook\", and her car. The series also includes several books, including ledger books detailing the Rembert's stock holdings, receipts, and other monetary holdings, a novel inscribed to John Patrick Rembert, and a book detailing camera exposures which includes several of the Rembert's negatives. Also included in the series are several certificates, including the Masonic certificate of John Patrick Rembert, Sr., indicating his achievement of the 32nd Degree. Also included is a certificate of John Patrick Rembert's enrollment in the \"Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves\", and Sarafan Rembert's Panama Driver's License. There are also several cards, placecards, and other pieces of ephemera."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. Collection includes inscribed box, seven pins, three pairs of cuff-links, and thirteen brass eagle buttons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One box inscribed J. P. R. including assortment of Naval buttons, pins, and cuff-links belonging to John Patrick Rembert moved to Manuscript Artifact Collection. 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