{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_36.xml","title_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"title_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1881-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1881-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"text":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36","Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings","Signed copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection.","","Subseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Programs Subseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz","Subseries 3.1: Personal Subseries 3.2: Writing Subseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein Subseries 3.4: Exhibits Subseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings Subseries 3.6: Playbills","Subseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal Subseries 4.2: New York Apartment Subseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten Subseries 4.4: Other Photographs Subseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas Subseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz Subseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs Subseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara","Carl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.","Mark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the  Richmond News Leader . Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the  Richmond News Leader  and the  Times-Dispatch  as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the  Philco News  and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed.","Donated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992.","The photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian.","A number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.","Several of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.","This collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.","Series 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.","Series 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.","Subseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.","Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.","Subseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.","Subseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.","Series 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.","Subseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.","Subseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.","Subseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.","Subseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.","Subseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.","Series 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.","Subseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.","Subseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.","Subseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.","Subseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.","Subseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.","Subseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.","Subseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.","Subseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints.","Books written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".","Contains blurb by Carl Van Vechten.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com.","This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.","University of Richmond ","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B.","English French Catalan; Valencian Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creator_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creators_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 15 archival boxes, 1 oversized archival box."],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 15 archival boxes, 1 oversized archival box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Primarily photographs and manuscript material."],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSigned copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Signed copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3: Programs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.1: Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.2: Writing\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.4: Exhibits\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.6: Playbills\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.2: New York Apartment\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.4: Other Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["","Subseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Programs Subseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz","Subseries 3.1: Personal Subseries 3.2: Writing Subseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein Subseries 3.4: Exhibits Subseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings Subseries 3.6: Playbills","Subseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal Subseries 4.2: New York Apartment Subseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten Subseries 4.4: Other Photographs Subseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas Subseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz Subseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs Subseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e. Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eTimes-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003ePhilco News\u003c/emph\u003e and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.","Mark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the  Richmond News Leader . Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the  Richmond News Leader  and the  Times-Dispatch  as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the  Philco News  and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Donated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-1, Carl Van Vechten – Mark Lutz Collection, Book Arts, Archives,  Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-1, Carl Van Vechten – Mark Lutz Collection, Book Arts, Archives,  Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.","Several of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed \u003ctitle\u003ePortrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia\u003c/title\u003e, which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.","Series 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.","Series 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.","Subseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.","Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.","Subseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.","Subseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.","Series 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.","Subseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.","Subseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.","Subseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.","Subseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.","Subseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.","Series 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.","Subseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.","Subseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.","Subseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.","Subseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.","Subseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.","Subseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.","Subseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.","Subseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains blurb by Carl Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".","Contains blurb by Carl Van Vechten."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRestrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_406af6246fd0b3294dbef1a4bf848fca\"\u003eThis collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"names_coll_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"language_ssim":["English French Catalan; Valencian Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":581,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:07:59.594Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_36.xml","title_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"title_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1881-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1881-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"text":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36","Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection","Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings","Signed copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection.","","Subseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Programs Subseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz","Subseries 3.1: Personal Subseries 3.2: Writing Subseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein Subseries 3.4: Exhibits Subseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings Subseries 3.6: Playbills","Subseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal Subseries 4.2: New York Apartment Subseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten Subseries 4.4: Other Photographs Subseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas Subseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz Subseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs Subseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara","Carl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.","Mark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the  Richmond News Leader . Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the  Richmond News Leader  and the  Times-Dispatch  as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the  Philco News  and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed.","Donated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992.","The photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian.","A number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.","Several of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.","This collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.","Series 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.","Series 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.","Subseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.","Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.","Subseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.","Subseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.","Series 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.","Subseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.","Subseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.","Subseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.","Subseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.","Subseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.","Series 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.","Subseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.","Subseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.","Subseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.","Subseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.","Subseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.","Subseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.","Subseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.","Subseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints.","Books written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".","Contains blurb by Carl Van Vechten.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com.","This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.","University of Richmond ","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B.","English French Catalan; Valencian Spanish; Castilian"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-1","/repositories/4/resources/36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Carl Van Vechten - Mark Lutz Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creator_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"creators_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Catalogs","Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 Linear Feet 15 archival boxes, 1 oversized archival box."],"extent_tesim":["18 Linear Feet 15 archival boxes, 1 oversized archival box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Primarily photographs and manuscript material."],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSigned copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Signed copy of the book is cataloged in Rare Book Room collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cbr\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3: Programs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.1: Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.2: Writing\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.4: Exhibits\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 3.6: Playbills\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.2: New York Apartment\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.4: Other Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["","Subseries 2.1: Personal  Professional Materials Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Programs Subseries 2.4: Francis Earle Lutz","Subseries 3.1: Personal Subseries 3.2: Writing Subseries 3.3: Articles about Gertrude Stein Subseries 3.4: Exhibits Subseries 3.5: Newspaper Clippings Subseries 3.6: Playbills","Subseries 4.1: Carl Van Vechten, Personal Subseries 4.2: New York Apartment Subseries 4.3: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten Subseries 4.4: Other Photographs Subseries 4.5: Photographs of Gertrude Stein  Alice B. Toklas Subseries 4.6: Photographs of Mark Lutz Subseries 4.7: Oversize Photographs Subseries 4.8: Photographs of art depicting St. Christopher  St. Barbara"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e. Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eTimes-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003ePhilco News\u003c/emph\u003e and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carl Van Vechten was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, on June 17, 1880, the son of Charles Duane Van Vechten and Ada Amanda Fitch. After leaving Iowa to attend college at the University of Chicago, Van Vechten moved to New York in 1906 where he worked as a noted music, drama, art, and cultural critic throughout his life. He was also highly interested in promoting the literary arts as well as authoring numerous works himself. In addition to his own literary work, Van Vechten supported a number of authors and artists, especially those affiliated with the Harlem Renaissance, as well as befriending Gertrude Stein. In his later years, Van Vechten also became a noted portrait photographer. He married Anna Elizabeth Snyder in 1907, but the couple divorced in 1912.  He later married Russian actress, Fania Marinoff, in 1914. Van Vechten passed away in New York in 1964. Numerous biographies and specialized studies are available in the library for further research.","Mark Lutz was born in Glassborough, New Jersey, in 1901, but moved with his family to Richmond the next year when his father became the editor of the  Richmond News Leader . Lutz attended the University of Richmond, graduating in 1926 before following his father into the business of journalism. Lutz worked for both the  Richmond News Leader  and the  Times-Dispatch  as a book reviewer and theater critic. He met Van Vechten through a friend in the early 1930s and remained lifelong friends. Lutz eventually moved to the Germantown area of Philadelphia, working for the  Philco News  and other industrial publications. Lutz passed away in Philadelphia in 1969. Upon his death, per his request, the letters between Lutz and Van Vechten were destroyed."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Donated by Mark Lutz, William Jepson, and Bruce Kellner at various times between 1978 and 1992."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-1, Carl Van Vechten – Mark Lutz Collection, Book Arts, Archives,  Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-1, Carl Van Vechten – Mark Lutz Collection, Book Arts, Archives,  Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The photographs in Subseries IVH contain depictions of St. Christopher and St. Barbara in various locations, primarily in Spain. To respect the cultural and linguistic diversity of the region, the co-official local languages have been used to reference the names of towns, cities, and other places (including museums and churches). Languages included are: Catalan and  Valencian."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A number of institutions hold manuscript or photograph collections of Van Vechten materials.  Those institutions include: the New York Public Library, the Beinecke Rare Book  Manuscript Library of Yale University, Brandeis University, Millersville University, Marquette University, and the Library of Congress.","Several of Earle Lutz's published words are available in the Rare Book Room Collection.","Stein's published books from the collection have been added into the Rare Book Room collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed \u003ctitle\u003ePortrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia\u003c/title\u003e, which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a diverse array of materials that reflect the personal and professional lives of Mark Lutz, Carl Van Vechten, and their connections with key cultural figures. The materials include typescripts, letters, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogs, and programs, providing insights into their careers and relationships. Photographs feature prominently, with portraits taken by Van Vechten of notable figures like Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, as well as images of Van Vechten and Lutz. The collection also includes manuscripts, playbills, writings by Stein, and other documents related to their artistic and literary circles.","Series 1, Carl Van Vechten, contains personal materials in relation to Van Vechten. Beginning with a typescript manuscript of a description of a theater fire in Chicago in 1903, these materials include notices, programs, letters, newspaper clippings, and exhibition catalogs and announcements. Also included are writings by Van Vechten.","Series 2, Mark Lutz, contains information about Lutz's career and works as well as that of Van Vechten.","Subseries 2.1, Personal and Professional Materials, track Lutz's career as a journalist as well as manuscript copies of several plays.","Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, contains a variety of letters between Lutz and several correspondents, including fellow Richmonders James Branch Cabell and Ellen Glasgow as well as Langston Hughes.","Subseries 2.3, Programs, contains performance programs from an array of performances Lutz and Van Vechten attended in New York and Richmond.","Subseries 2.4, Francis Earle Lutz, contains materials about Lutz's brother, also a noted author and veteran.","Series 3, Gertrude Stein, contains materials related to the relationship between Lutz, Van Vechten, Alice B. Toklas, and Gertrude Stein.","Subseries 3.1, Personal, contains items of a personal nature, including correspondence and a canceled check.","Subseries 3.2, Writing, contains primarily materials written by Stein, often inscribed to Van Vechten and/or Lutz. Of particular note is Box 6, File 16, which contains a copy of the privately printed  Portrait of Mabel Dodge at the Villa Curonia , which was bound with wallpaper and published in Italy, inscribed to Lutz.","Subseries 3.3 contains articles written about Gertrude Stein, including reviews, biographical pieces, and more general informational write-ups.","Subseries 3.4, Exhibits, is a series of catalogs and programs written by Stein for various exhibits.","Subseries 3.5 contains newspaper clippings about Stein and especially her travels in the United States in the mid-1930s.","Subseries 3.6, Playbills, contains collected examples of playbills for various productions of Stein-authored works.","Series 4, Photographs, contains the visual and photographic materials of the collection.","Subseries 4.1 contains personal photographs of Van Vechten, his wife Fania Marinoff, and images of Van Vechten with acquaintances or depicted in art forms.","Subseries 4.2 contains images of the New York apartment which was home to Van Vechten and Marinoff during the 1930s, located at 150 W. 55th Street in New York City.","Subseries 4.3 contains photographs taken by Carl Van Vetchen, which are nearly all photographic portraits.","Subseries 4.4 contains a few photographs that were for promotion or of art pieces.","Subseries 4.5 contains Van Vechten's photographs of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas, perhaps some of the best-known items in the collection.","Subseries 4.6 contains Van Vechten's many photographic studies of Mark Lutz in various positions, costumes, locations, and sizes.","Subseries 4.7 contains oversize photographs by Van Vechten, including photos of Stein and Toklas as well as other artistic figures of the 1930s.","Subseries 4.8 contains many photographs and cards of art depicting images of St. Christopher and St. Barbara that were most likely used to research Stein and Lutz's writings about saints."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains blurb by Carl Van Vechten.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books written or collected by Carl Van Vechten or Mark Lutz, including Gertrude Stein books, have been separated from the manuscript collection and cataloged into the Rare Book Room collection. All of these materials may be located via the library catalog by searching \"Mark Lutz Collection\".","Contains blurb by Carl Van Vechten."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRestrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","Restrictions on Photographs: Photographs by Carl Van Vechten are used only with permission of the Van Vechten Trust, and it is the researcher's responsibility to request that permission. The permission of the Trust is required prior to any reprint or use of Van Vechten photographs in any way, including publication. To contact the Trust, email VanVechtenTrust@gmail.com."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_406af6246fd0b3294dbef1a4bf848fca\"\u003eThis collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials relating to the life and writings of Carl Van Vechten and Gertrude Stein as shared and collected by Mark Lutz. Materials include correspondence and a variety of printed materials including programs, catalogs, reviews, and clippings as well as a substantial number of photographs taken by Van Vechten."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"names_coll_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"persname_ssim":["Van Vechten, Carl, 1880-1964","Lutz, Mark, 1901-1969","Stein, Gertrude, 1874-1946","Toklas, Alice B."],"language_ssim":["English French Catalan; Valencian Spanish; Castilian"],"total_component_count_is":581,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:07:59.594Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_36"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_14#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Schultz Family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_14#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_14.xml","title_ssm":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"title_tesim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1876-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1876-1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-28","/repositories/4/resources/14"],"text":["MS-28","/repositories/4/resources/14","Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection","University of Richmond -- History","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs","The materials were arranged in one series, roughly chronologically. Dates for undated items have been estimated based on context.","Harleigh Bridges Schultz was born at 515 E. Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia on October 12, 1883. Schultz's paternal grandparents, Augustus Frederick Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, immigrated to Virginia from Prussia with their children when Harleigh Schultz's father, August F. Schultz II, was a small child. A. F. Schultz II married Annie Hoomes Bridges, of Gloucester, Virginia and had five children: Bernard F. Schultz, Harleigh B. Schultz, Mary Maude Schultz (who married Walter McLelland), Annie Louise Schultz (who was called by her middle name), and August Gwynne Schultz.","This collection indicates that Schultz attended Richmond Public Schools and then Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1904. While at the college, he achieved high marks and was an editor on the  Collegian  student newspaper. After school, Schultz worked as a reporter on the  Richmond Evening Journal  for one year, according to his niece, Evelyn McLelland Boschen, and then moved to Massachusetts to work as a reporter for the  Worcester Telegram .  Shortly after, on March 7, 1906, Schultz married Natalie Salandri, whose father also worked at the newspaper. Harleigh and Natalie's children were Francis A. Schultz (who died of an illness in 1925 at the age of 17), Robert H. Schultz, and Eleanor L. Schultz. A 1921 news clipping in the collection indicated that at that time, the family lived in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Schultz was principal of the West Tisbury School there. A 1926 letter addressed to Natalie shows that Schultz was also an officer for the Redland District Chamber of Commerce in Homestead, Florida for an undetermined period. In addition, Schultz's niece wrote that he worked as a reporter for the  Boston American  for 15 years, as a sports editor, motion picture critic, and city editor, though the letters in the collection that were written on  Boston American  letterhead span only from October 1927 to May 1934.","On November 26, 1930, Schultz informed his sister, Louise, that he and Natalie were separated and planning to divorce. A news clipping in the collection announces Schultz's marriage to \nAlice G. Falvey of Boston on June 30, 1932. Harleigh and Alice Schultz moved to Hollywood in 1934 in the hopes of finding a new job and life there. The first letters they sent from California to the Schultz family indicate that they were happy with the new location and had made friends with film star Mary Pickford. Schultz's first job in California was in the publicity department at R. K. O., but he moved to work for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation in 1935, where he stayed until his retirement in 1956. During that time, Schultz became the Publicity Chairman and served on MGM's board of governors. Harleigh Schultz died on October 22, 1958, and was buried in North Hollywood. Mary Pickford, his friend of 24 years, handled arrangements for his funeral.","The materials in this collection were removed from a three-ring binder labeled Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission. The papers were arranged and put in acid-free folders. Those that were in a fragile condition were placed in mylar sleeves, and several newspaper clippings were photocopied. Where possible, the copies are kept with the original. Two documents, copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College newspaper, were removed to oversized storage. ","Processed by Ashley Vavra.","This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs.","File 1, Biography, contains a two-page biography of Harleigh Schultz that was written by his niece, Evelyn M. McLelland Boschen, in 1991. This document provides an overview of Schultz's family history and career.","File 2, Childhood Education, begins in 1891, when Harleigh Schultz was in third grade. It includes several certificates of merit from Richmond Public Schools, report cards from Richmond High School, and two copies of the program for the Richmond High School Commencement Ceremony on June 13, 1901, in which Schultz gave an oration entitled \"Dignity of Labor.\" Also included are two maps of Europe that he apparently drew from memory. The series ends with a photocopy of an article about the commencement ceremony in the  Richmond Dispatch .","File 3, Richmond College, contains a report card from Richmond College, which was stuck onto a page from the  Fifth Annual Studio Club News , which Schultz edited at MGM. The report includes a note: \"Note on final Examination paper- Your son has been one of our very best students, and has made an admirable record, signed Prof. F. W. Boatwright.\" Other reports follow, as well as an empty envelope addressed to Harleigh Schultz's father, on which is noted \"Letter of praise from Boatwright […]\". Two documents have been removed to oversized storage: copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College student newspaper, which Schultz edited, with handwritten notes. Photocopies of the first and last pages, those with Schultz's notes, have been made and included with the collection. This is followed by news clippings regarding the 1904 commencement, a newspaper photo of the class of 1903-04, and a 1937 news clipping about the college.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","File 6, Family, spans the largest time span, though several items are undated. It begins with a photocopy of a photograph of August F. Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, Harleigh's paternal grandparents. Several pages of photocopies of photographs follow, including pictures of Harleigh's parents, Harleigh's sons, and other relatives. Notes to identify the people in the images were written by a relative. This series also includes a photocopy of Harleigh Schultz's Delayed Certificate of Birth, issued in 1942 and witnessed by his sister Maude Schultz McLelland. A marriage notice and obituaries for Harleigh's parents are included, as are notices of Harleigh's marriages and death. A hand-drawn coat of arms labeled with the name Schultz is also included in this series.","File 7, Work, includes clippings of newspaper articles written by Harleigh Schultz, along with two of his business cards from his time with the  Boston American .","File 8, Other News, begins with an article from 1926 regarding a hurricane that hit Miami, Florida. A handwritten note in the margins says \"Uncle Harleigh there at this time.\" The second item is a collage of clippings from the  Gloucester-Mathews Gazette-Journal  from July 1942, regarding local sailors lost at sea. Harleigh Schultz, whose mother's family was from Gloucester, contributed a memorial poem to the journal. The last item in this series is an article called \"The Soul Diary of Florence Nightingale Revealed by Author,\" which discusses Nightingale's reasons for deciding not to marry.","File 9, Photographs, includes several photos of Harleigh Schultz at various ages, his second wife, Alice, and himself with his son, Robert. Several photos appear to have been taken at MGM Studios, including one of Harleigh Schultz standing with Mr. Mayer and one of MGM's Board of Governors. Several of the photos are of famous people, particularly movie stars. Included in this series are signed photos of Cecil B. DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson (addressed to Maude McLelland), Jean Harlow (addressed to Louise Schultz), Walter Pidgeon, and an unsigned photo of Esther Williams. The series concludes with a photo of the fountain near Harleigh's grave and a 1961 newspaper clipping with a picture of Mary Pickford after she received an honorary degree from Middlebury College.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon.","University of Richmond ","Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","Schultz Family","Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-28","/repositories/4/resources/14"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Schultz Family"],"creator_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"creators_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Gwynne R. Litchfield, September 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Richmond -- History","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Richmond -- History","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1  Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1  Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials were arranged in one series, roughly chronologically. Dates for undated items have been estimated based on context.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials were arranged in one series, roughly chronologically. Dates for undated items have been estimated based on context."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarleigh Bridges Schultz was born at 515 E. Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia on October 12, 1883. Schultz's paternal grandparents, Augustus Frederick Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, immigrated to Virginia from Prussia with their children when Harleigh Schultz's father, August F. Schultz II, was a small child. A. F. Schultz II married Annie Hoomes Bridges, of Gloucester, Virginia and had five children: Bernard F. Schultz, Harleigh B. Schultz, Mary Maude Schultz (who married Walter McLelland), Annie Louise Schultz (who was called by her middle name), and August Gwynne Schultz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection indicates that Schultz attended Richmond Public Schools and then Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1904. While at the college, he achieved high marks and was an editor on the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eCollegian\u003c/emph\u003e student newspaper. After school, Schultz worked as a reporter on the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond Evening Journal\u003c/emph\u003e for one year, according to his niece, Evelyn McLelland Boschen, and then moved to Massachusetts to work as a reporter for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eWorcester Telegram\u003c/emph\u003e.  Shortly after, on March 7, 1906, Schultz married Natalie Salandri, whose father also worked at the newspaper. Harleigh and Natalie's children were Francis A. Schultz (who died of an illness in 1925 at the age of 17), Robert H. Schultz, and Eleanor L. Schultz. A 1921 news clipping in the collection indicated that at that time, the family lived in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Schultz was principal of the West Tisbury School there. A 1926 letter addressed to Natalie shows that Schultz was also an officer for the Redland District Chamber of Commerce in Homestead, Florida for an undetermined period. In addition, Schultz's niece wrote that he worked as a reporter for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e for 15 years, as a sports editor, motion picture critic, and city editor, though the letters in the collection that were written on \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e letterhead span only from October 1927 to May 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn November 26, 1930, Schultz informed his sister, Louise, that he and Natalie were separated and planning to divorce. A news clipping in the collection announces Schultz's marriage to \nAlice G. Falvey of Boston on June 30, 1932. Harleigh and Alice Schultz moved to Hollywood in 1934 in the hopes of finding a new job and life there. The first letters they sent from California to the Schultz family indicate that they were happy with the new location and had made friends with film star Mary Pickford. Schultz's first job in California was in the publicity department at R. K. O., but he moved to work for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation in 1935, where he stayed until his retirement in 1956. During that time, Schultz became the Publicity Chairman and served on MGM's board of governors. Harleigh Schultz died on October 22, 1958, and was buried in North Hollywood. Mary Pickford, his friend of 24 years, handled arrangements for his funeral.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz was born at 515 E. Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia on October 12, 1883. Schultz's paternal grandparents, Augustus Frederick Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, immigrated to Virginia from Prussia with their children when Harleigh Schultz's father, August F. Schultz II, was a small child. A. F. Schultz II married Annie Hoomes Bridges, of Gloucester, Virginia and had five children: Bernard F. Schultz, Harleigh B. Schultz, Mary Maude Schultz (who married Walter McLelland), Annie Louise Schultz (who was called by her middle name), and August Gwynne Schultz.","This collection indicates that Schultz attended Richmond Public Schools and then Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1904. While at the college, he achieved high marks and was an editor on the  Collegian  student newspaper. After school, Schultz worked as a reporter on the  Richmond Evening Journal  for one year, according to his niece, Evelyn McLelland Boschen, and then moved to Massachusetts to work as a reporter for the  Worcester Telegram .  Shortly after, on March 7, 1906, Schultz married Natalie Salandri, whose father also worked at the newspaper. Harleigh and Natalie's children were Francis A. Schultz (who died of an illness in 1925 at the age of 17), Robert H. Schultz, and Eleanor L. Schultz. A 1921 news clipping in the collection indicated that at that time, the family lived in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Schultz was principal of the West Tisbury School there. A 1926 letter addressed to Natalie shows that Schultz was also an officer for the Redland District Chamber of Commerce in Homestead, Florida for an undetermined period. In addition, Schultz's niece wrote that he worked as a reporter for the  Boston American  for 15 years, as a sports editor, motion picture critic, and city editor, though the letters in the collection that were written on  Boston American  letterhead span only from October 1927 to May 1934.","On November 26, 1930, Schultz informed his sister, Louise, that he and Natalie were separated and planning to divorce. A news clipping in the collection announces Schultz's marriage to \nAlice G. Falvey of Boston on June 30, 1932. Harleigh and Alice Schultz moved to Hollywood in 1934 in the hopes of finding a new job and life there. The first letters they sent from California to the Schultz family indicate that they were happy with the new location and had made friends with film star Mary Pickford. Schultz's first job in California was in the publicity department at R. K. O., but he moved to work for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation in 1935, where he stayed until his retirement in 1956. During that time, Schultz became the Publicity Chairman and served on MGM's board of governors. Harleigh Schultz died on October 22, 1958, and was buried in North Hollywood. Mary Pickford, his friend of 24 years, handled arrangements for his funeral."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-28, Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-28, Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were removed from a three-ring binder labeled Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission. The papers were arranged and put in acid-free folders. Those that were in a fragile condition were placed in mylar sleeves, and several newspaper clippings were photocopied. Where possible, the copies are kept with the original. Two documents, copies of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eCollegian\u003c/emph\u003e, the Richmond College newspaper, were removed to oversized storage. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Ashley Vavra.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The materials in this collection were removed from a three-ring binder labeled Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission. The papers were arranged and put in acid-free folders. Those that were in a fragile condition were placed in mylar sleeves, and several newspaper clippings were photocopied. Where possible, the copies are kept with the original. Two documents, copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College newspaper, were removed to oversized storage. ","Processed by Ashley Vavra."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 1, Biography, contains a two-page biography of Harleigh Schultz that was written by his niece, Evelyn M. McLelland Boschen, in 1991. This document provides an overview of Schultz's family history and career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 2, Childhood Education, begins in 1891, when Harleigh Schultz was in third grade. It includes several certificates of merit from Richmond Public Schools, report cards from Richmond High School, and two copies of the program for the Richmond High School Commencement Ceremony on June 13, 1901, in which Schultz gave an oration entitled \"Dignity of Labor.\" Also included are two maps of Europe that he apparently drew from memory. The series ends with a photocopy of an article about the commencement ceremony in the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 3, Richmond College, contains a report card from Richmond College, which was stuck onto a page from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eFifth Annual Studio Club News\u003c/emph\u003e, which Schultz edited at MGM. The report includes a note: \"Note on final Examination paper- Your son has been one of our very best students, and has made an admirable record, signed Prof. F. W. Boatwright.\" Other reports follow, as well as an empty envelope addressed to Harleigh Schultz's father, on which is noted \"Letter of praise from Boatwright […]\". Two documents have been removed to oversized storage: copies of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eCollegian\u003c/emph\u003e, the Richmond College student newspaper, which Schultz edited, with handwritten notes. Photocopies of the first and last pages, those with Schultz's notes, have been made and included with the collection. This is followed by news clippings regarding the 1904 commencement, a newspaper photo of the class of 1903-04, and a 1937 news clipping about the college.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 6, Family, spans the largest time span, though several items are undated. It begins with a photocopy of a photograph of August F. Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, Harleigh's paternal grandparents. Several pages of photocopies of photographs follow, including pictures of Harleigh's parents, Harleigh's sons, and other relatives. Notes to identify the people in the images were written by a relative. This series also includes a photocopy of Harleigh Schultz's Delayed Certificate of Birth, issued in 1942 and witnessed by his sister Maude Schultz McLelland. A marriage notice and obituaries for Harleigh's parents are included, as are notices of Harleigh's marriages and death. A hand-drawn coat of arms labeled with the name Schultz is also included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 7, Work, includes clippings of newspaper articles written by Harleigh Schultz, along with two of his business cards from his time with the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 8, Other News, begins with an article from 1926 regarding a hurricane that hit Miami, Florida. A handwritten note in the margins says \"Uncle Harleigh there at this time.\" The second item is a collage of clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eGloucester-Mathews Gazette-Journal\u003c/emph\u003e from July 1942, regarding local sailors lost at sea. Harleigh Schultz, whose mother's family was from Gloucester, contributed a memorial poem to the journal. The last item in this series is an article called \"The Soul Diary of Florence Nightingale Revealed by Author,\" which discusses Nightingale's reasons for deciding not to marry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 9, Photographs, includes several photos of Harleigh Schultz at various ages, his second wife, Alice, and himself with his son, Robert. Several photos appear to have been taken at MGM Studios, including one of Harleigh Schultz standing with Mr. Mayer and one of MGM's Board of Governors. Several of the photos are of famous people, particularly movie stars. Included in this series are signed photos of Cecil B. DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson (addressed to Maude McLelland), Jean Harlow (addressed to Louise Schultz), Walter Pidgeon, and an unsigned photo of Esther Williams. The series concludes with a photo of the fountain near Harleigh's grave and a 1961 newspaper clipping with a picture of Mary Pickford after she received an honorary degree from Middlebury College.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs.","File 1, Biography, contains a two-page biography of Harleigh Schultz that was written by his niece, Evelyn M. McLelland Boschen, in 1991. This document provides an overview of Schultz's family history and career.","File 2, Childhood Education, begins in 1891, when Harleigh Schultz was in third grade. It includes several certificates of merit from Richmond Public Schools, report cards from Richmond High School, and two copies of the program for the Richmond High School Commencement Ceremony on June 13, 1901, in which Schultz gave an oration entitled \"Dignity of Labor.\" Also included are two maps of Europe that he apparently drew from memory. The series ends with a photocopy of an article about the commencement ceremony in the  Richmond Dispatch .","File 3, Richmond College, contains a report card from Richmond College, which was stuck onto a page from the  Fifth Annual Studio Club News , which Schultz edited at MGM. The report includes a note: \"Note on final Examination paper- Your son has been one of our very best students, and has made an admirable record, signed Prof. F. W. Boatwright.\" Other reports follow, as well as an empty envelope addressed to Harleigh Schultz's father, on which is noted \"Letter of praise from Boatwright […]\". Two documents have been removed to oversized storage: copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College student newspaper, which Schultz edited, with handwritten notes. Photocopies of the first and last pages, those with Schultz's notes, have been made and included with the collection. This is followed by news clippings regarding the 1904 commencement, a newspaper photo of the class of 1903-04, and a 1937 news clipping about the college.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","File 6, Family, spans the largest time span, though several items are undated. It begins with a photocopy of a photograph of August F. Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, Harleigh's paternal grandparents. Several pages of photocopies of photographs follow, including pictures of Harleigh's parents, Harleigh's sons, and other relatives. Notes to identify the people in the images were written by a relative. This series also includes a photocopy of Harleigh Schultz's Delayed Certificate of Birth, issued in 1942 and witnessed by his sister Maude Schultz McLelland. A marriage notice and obituaries for Harleigh's parents are included, as are notices of Harleigh's marriages and death. A hand-drawn coat of arms labeled with the name Schultz is also included in this series.","File 7, Work, includes clippings of newspaper articles written by Harleigh Schultz, along with two of his business cards from his time with the  Boston American .","File 8, Other News, begins with an article from 1926 regarding a hurricane that hit Miami, Florida. A handwritten note in the margins says \"Uncle Harleigh there at this time.\" The second item is a collage of clippings from the  Gloucester-Mathews Gazette-Journal  from July 1942, regarding local sailors lost at sea. Harleigh Schultz, whose mother's family was from Gloucester, contributed a memorial poem to the journal. The last item in this series is an article called \"The Soul Diary of Florence Nightingale Revealed by Author,\" which discusses Nightingale's reasons for deciding not to marry.","File 9, Photographs, includes several photos of Harleigh Schultz at various ages, his second wife, Alice, and himself with his son, Robert. Several photos appear to have been taken at MGM Studios, including one of Harleigh Schultz standing with Mr. Mayer and one of MGM's Board of Governors. Several of the photos are of famous people, particularly movie stars. Included in this series are signed photos of Cecil B. DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson (addressed to Maude McLelland), Jean Harlow (addressed to Louise Schultz), Walter Pidgeon, and an unsigned photo of Esther Williams. The series concludes with a photo of the fountain near Harleigh's grave and a 1961 newspaper clipping with a picture of Mary Pickford after she received an honorary degree from Middlebury College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_MS-28\"\u003eThis collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon."],"names_coll_ssim":["Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","Schultz Family","Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","Schultz Family","Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer"],"famname_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"persname_ssim":["Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:07:44.300Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_14","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_14.xml","title_ssm":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"title_tesim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1876-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1876-1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-28","/repositories/4/resources/14"],"text":["MS-28","/repositories/4/resources/14","Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection","University of Richmond -- History","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs","The materials were arranged in one series, roughly chronologically. Dates for undated items have been estimated based on context.","Harleigh Bridges Schultz was born at 515 E. Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia on October 12, 1883. Schultz's paternal grandparents, Augustus Frederick Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, immigrated to Virginia from Prussia with their children when Harleigh Schultz's father, August F. Schultz II, was a small child. A. F. Schultz II married Annie Hoomes Bridges, of Gloucester, Virginia and had five children: Bernard F. Schultz, Harleigh B. Schultz, Mary Maude Schultz (who married Walter McLelland), Annie Louise Schultz (who was called by her middle name), and August Gwynne Schultz.","This collection indicates that Schultz attended Richmond Public Schools and then Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1904. While at the college, he achieved high marks and was an editor on the  Collegian  student newspaper. After school, Schultz worked as a reporter on the  Richmond Evening Journal  for one year, according to his niece, Evelyn McLelland Boschen, and then moved to Massachusetts to work as a reporter for the  Worcester Telegram .  Shortly after, on March 7, 1906, Schultz married Natalie Salandri, whose father also worked at the newspaper. Harleigh and Natalie's children were Francis A. Schultz (who died of an illness in 1925 at the age of 17), Robert H. Schultz, and Eleanor L. Schultz. A 1921 news clipping in the collection indicated that at that time, the family lived in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Schultz was principal of the West Tisbury School there. A 1926 letter addressed to Natalie shows that Schultz was also an officer for the Redland District Chamber of Commerce in Homestead, Florida for an undetermined period. In addition, Schultz's niece wrote that he worked as a reporter for the  Boston American  for 15 years, as a sports editor, motion picture critic, and city editor, though the letters in the collection that were written on  Boston American  letterhead span only from October 1927 to May 1934.","On November 26, 1930, Schultz informed his sister, Louise, that he and Natalie were separated and planning to divorce. A news clipping in the collection announces Schultz's marriage to \nAlice G. Falvey of Boston on June 30, 1932. Harleigh and Alice Schultz moved to Hollywood in 1934 in the hopes of finding a new job and life there. The first letters they sent from California to the Schultz family indicate that they were happy with the new location and had made friends with film star Mary Pickford. Schultz's first job in California was in the publicity department at R. K. O., but he moved to work for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation in 1935, where he stayed until his retirement in 1956. During that time, Schultz became the Publicity Chairman and served on MGM's board of governors. Harleigh Schultz died on October 22, 1958, and was buried in North Hollywood. Mary Pickford, his friend of 24 years, handled arrangements for his funeral.","The materials in this collection were removed from a three-ring binder labeled Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission. The papers were arranged and put in acid-free folders. Those that were in a fragile condition were placed in mylar sleeves, and several newspaper clippings were photocopied. Where possible, the copies are kept with the original. Two documents, copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College newspaper, were removed to oversized storage. ","Processed by Ashley Vavra.","This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs.","File 1, Biography, contains a two-page biography of Harleigh Schultz that was written by his niece, Evelyn M. McLelland Boschen, in 1991. This document provides an overview of Schultz's family history and career.","File 2, Childhood Education, begins in 1891, when Harleigh Schultz was in third grade. It includes several certificates of merit from Richmond Public Schools, report cards from Richmond High School, and two copies of the program for the Richmond High School Commencement Ceremony on June 13, 1901, in which Schultz gave an oration entitled \"Dignity of Labor.\" Also included are two maps of Europe that he apparently drew from memory. The series ends with a photocopy of an article about the commencement ceremony in the  Richmond Dispatch .","File 3, Richmond College, contains a report card from Richmond College, which was stuck onto a page from the  Fifth Annual Studio Club News , which Schultz edited at MGM. The report includes a note: \"Note on final Examination paper- Your son has been one of our very best students, and has made an admirable record, signed Prof. F. W. Boatwright.\" Other reports follow, as well as an empty envelope addressed to Harleigh Schultz's father, on which is noted \"Letter of praise from Boatwright […]\". Two documents have been removed to oversized storage: copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College student newspaper, which Schultz edited, with handwritten notes. Photocopies of the first and last pages, those with Schultz's notes, have been made and included with the collection. This is followed by news clippings regarding the 1904 commencement, a newspaper photo of the class of 1903-04, and a 1937 news clipping about the college.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","File 6, Family, spans the largest time span, though several items are undated. It begins with a photocopy of a photograph of August F. Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, Harleigh's paternal grandparents. Several pages of photocopies of photographs follow, including pictures of Harleigh's parents, Harleigh's sons, and other relatives. Notes to identify the people in the images were written by a relative. This series also includes a photocopy of Harleigh Schultz's Delayed Certificate of Birth, issued in 1942 and witnessed by his sister Maude Schultz McLelland. A marriage notice and obituaries for Harleigh's parents are included, as are notices of Harleigh's marriages and death. A hand-drawn coat of arms labeled with the name Schultz is also included in this series.","File 7, Work, includes clippings of newspaper articles written by Harleigh Schultz, along with two of his business cards from his time with the  Boston American .","File 8, Other News, begins with an article from 1926 regarding a hurricane that hit Miami, Florida. A handwritten note in the margins says \"Uncle Harleigh there at this time.\" The second item is a collage of clippings from the  Gloucester-Mathews Gazette-Journal  from July 1942, regarding local sailors lost at sea. Harleigh Schultz, whose mother's family was from Gloucester, contributed a memorial poem to the journal. The last item in this series is an article called \"The Soul Diary of Florence Nightingale Revealed by Author,\" which discusses Nightingale's reasons for deciding not to marry.","File 9, Photographs, includes several photos of Harleigh Schultz at various ages, his second wife, Alice, and himself with his son, Robert. Several photos appear to have been taken at MGM Studios, including one of Harleigh Schultz standing with Mr. Mayer and one of MGM's Board of Governors. Several of the photos are of famous people, particularly movie stars. Included in this series are signed photos of Cecil B. DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson (addressed to Maude McLelland), Jean Harlow (addressed to Louise Schultz), Walter Pidgeon, and an unsigned photo of Esther Williams. The series concludes with a photo of the fountain near Harleigh's grave and a 1961 newspaper clipping with a picture of Mary Pickford after she received an honorary degree from Middlebury College.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon.","University of Richmond ","Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","Schultz Family","Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-28","/repositories/4/resources/14"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Schultz Family"],"creator_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"creators_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Gwynne R. Litchfield, September 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Richmond -- History","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Richmond -- History","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1  Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1  Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials were arranged in one series, roughly chronologically. Dates for undated items have been estimated based on context.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials were arranged in one series, roughly chronologically. Dates for undated items have been estimated based on context."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarleigh Bridges Schultz was born at 515 E. Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia on October 12, 1883. Schultz's paternal grandparents, Augustus Frederick Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, immigrated to Virginia from Prussia with their children when Harleigh Schultz's father, August F. Schultz II, was a small child. A. F. Schultz II married Annie Hoomes Bridges, of Gloucester, Virginia and had five children: Bernard F. Schultz, Harleigh B. Schultz, Mary Maude Schultz (who married Walter McLelland), Annie Louise Schultz (who was called by her middle name), and August Gwynne Schultz.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection indicates that Schultz attended Richmond Public Schools and then Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1904. While at the college, he achieved high marks and was an editor on the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eCollegian\u003c/emph\u003e student newspaper. After school, Schultz worked as a reporter on the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond Evening Journal\u003c/emph\u003e for one year, according to his niece, Evelyn McLelland Boschen, and then moved to Massachusetts to work as a reporter for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eWorcester Telegram\u003c/emph\u003e.  Shortly after, on March 7, 1906, Schultz married Natalie Salandri, whose father also worked at the newspaper. Harleigh and Natalie's children were Francis A. Schultz (who died of an illness in 1925 at the age of 17), Robert H. Schultz, and Eleanor L. Schultz. A 1921 news clipping in the collection indicated that at that time, the family lived in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Schultz was principal of the West Tisbury School there. A 1926 letter addressed to Natalie shows that Schultz was also an officer for the Redland District Chamber of Commerce in Homestead, Florida for an undetermined period. In addition, Schultz's niece wrote that he worked as a reporter for the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e for 15 years, as a sports editor, motion picture critic, and city editor, though the letters in the collection that were written on \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e letterhead span only from October 1927 to May 1934.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn November 26, 1930, Schultz informed his sister, Louise, that he and Natalie were separated and planning to divorce. A news clipping in the collection announces Schultz's marriage to \nAlice G. Falvey of Boston on June 30, 1932. Harleigh and Alice Schultz moved to Hollywood in 1934 in the hopes of finding a new job and life there. The first letters they sent from California to the Schultz family indicate that they were happy with the new location and had made friends with film star Mary Pickford. Schultz's first job in California was in the publicity department at R. K. O., but he moved to work for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation in 1935, where he stayed until his retirement in 1956. During that time, Schultz became the Publicity Chairman and served on MGM's board of governors. Harleigh Schultz died on October 22, 1958, and was buried in North Hollywood. Mary Pickford, his friend of 24 years, handled arrangements for his funeral.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Harleigh Bridges Schultz was born at 515 E. Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia on October 12, 1883. Schultz's paternal grandparents, Augustus Frederick Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, immigrated to Virginia from Prussia with their children when Harleigh Schultz's father, August F. Schultz II, was a small child. A. F. Schultz II married Annie Hoomes Bridges, of Gloucester, Virginia and had five children: Bernard F. Schultz, Harleigh B. Schultz, Mary Maude Schultz (who married Walter McLelland), Annie Louise Schultz (who was called by her middle name), and August Gwynne Schultz.","This collection indicates that Schultz attended Richmond Public Schools and then Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from which he graduated in 1904. While at the college, he achieved high marks and was an editor on the  Collegian  student newspaper. After school, Schultz worked as a reporter on the  Richmond Evening Journal  for one year, according to his niece, Evelyn McLelland Boschen, and then moved to Massachusetts to work as a reporter for the  Worcester Telegram .  Shortly after, on March 7, 1906, Schultz married Natalie Salandri, whose father also worked at the newspaper. Harleigh and Natalie's children were Francis A. Schultz (who died of an illness in 1925 at the age of 17), Robert H. Schultz, and Eleanor L. Schultz. A 1921 news clipping in the collection indicated that at that time, the family lived in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and Schultz was principal of the West Tisbury School there. A 1926 letter addressed to Natalie shows that Schultz was also an officer for the Redland District Chamber of Commerce in Homestead, Florida for an undetermined period. In addition, Schultz's niece wrote that he worked as a reporter for the  Boston American  for 15 years, as a sports editor, motion picture critic, and city editor, though the letters in the collection that were written on  Boston American  letterhead span only from October 1927 to May 1934.","On November 26, 1930, Schultz informed his sister, Louise, that he and Natalie were separated and planning to divorce. A news clipping in the collection announces Schultz's marriage to \nAlice G. Falvey of Boston on June 30, 1932. Harleigh and Alice Schultz moved to Hollywood in 1934 in the hopes of finding a new job and life there. The first letters they sent from California to the Schultz family indicate that they were happy with the new location and had made friends with film star Mary Pickford. Schultz's first job in California was in the publicity department at R. K. O., but he moved to work for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation in 1935, where he stayed until his retirement in 1956. During that time, Schultz became the Publicity Chairman and served on MGM's board of governors. Harleigh Schultz died on October 22, 1958, and was buried in North Hollywood. Mary Pickford, his friend of 24 years, handled arrangements for his funeral."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-28, Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-28, Harleigh Bridges Schultz Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this collection were removed from a three-ring binder labeled Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission. The papers were arranged and put in acid-free folders. Those that were in a fragile condition were placed in mylar sleeves, and several newspaper clippings were photocopied. Where possible, the copies are kept with the original. Two documents, copies of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eCollegian\u003c/emph\u003e, the Richmond College newspaper, were removed to oversized storage. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Ashley Vavra.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The materials in this collection were removed from a three-ring binder labeled Middle Peninsula Planning District Commission. The papers were arranged and put in acid-free folders. Those that were in a fragile condition were placed in mylar sleeves, and several newspaper clippings were photocopied. Where possible, the copies are kept with the original. Two documents, copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College newspaper, were removed to oversized storage. ","Processed by Ashley Vavra."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 1, Biography, contains a two-page biography of Harleigh Schultz that was written by his niece, Evelyn M. McLelland Boschen, in 1991. This document provides an overview of Schultz's family history and career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 2, Childhood Education, begins in 1891, when Harleigh Schultz was in third grade. It includes several certificates of merit from Richmond Public Schools, report cards from Richmond High School, and two copies of the program for the Richmond High School Commencement Ceremony on June 13, 1901, in which Schultz gave an oration entitled \"Dignity of Labor.\" Also included are two maps of Europe that he apparently drew from memory. The series ends with a photocopy of an article about the commencement ceremony in the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eRichmond Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 3, Richmond College, contains a report card from Richmond College, which was stuck onto a page from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eFifth Annual Studio Club News\u003c/emph\u003e, which Schultz edited at MGM. The report includes a note: \"Note on final Examination paper- Your son has been one of our very best students, and has made an admirable record, signed Prof. F. W. Boatwright.\" Other reports follow, as well as an empty envelope addressed to Harleigh Schultz's father, on which is noted \"Letter of praise from Boatwright […]\". Two documents have been removed to oversized storage: copies of the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eCollegian\u003c/emph\u003e, the Richmond College student newspaper, which Schultz edited, with handwritten notes. Photocopies of the first and last pages, those with Schultz's notes, have been made and included with the collection. This is followed by news clippings regarding the 1904 commencement, a newspaper photo of the class of 1903-04, and a 1937 news clipping about the college.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiles 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 6, Family, spans the largest time span, though several items are undated. It begins with a photocopy of a photograph of August F. Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, Harleigh's paternal grandparents. Several pages of photocopies of photographs follow, including pictures of Harleigh's parents, Harleigh's sons, and other relatives. Notes to identify the people in the images were written by a relative. This series also includes a photocopy of Harleigh Schultz's Delayed Certificate of Birth, issued in 1942 and witnessed by his sister Maude Schultz McLelland. A marriage notice and obituaries for Harleigh's parents are included, as are notices of Harleigh's marriages and death. A hand-drawn coat of arms labeled with the name Schultz is also included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 7, Work, includes clippings of newspaper articles written by Harleigh Schultz, along with two of his business cards from his time with the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBoston American\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 8, Other News, begins with an article from 1926 regarding a hurricane that hit Miami, Florida. A handwritten note in the margins says \"Uncle Harleigh there at this time.\" The second item is a collage of clippings from the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eGloucester-Mathews Gazette-Journal\u003c/emph\u003e from July 1942, regarding local sailors lost at sea. Harleigh Schultz, whose mother's family was from Gloucester, contributed a memorial poem to the journal. The last item in this series is an article called \"The Soul Diary of Florence Nightingale Revealed by Author,\" which discusses Nightingale's reasons for deciding not to marry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile 9, Photographs, includes several photos of Harleigh Schultz at various ages, his second wife, Alice, and himself with his son, Robert. Several photos appear to have been taken at MGM Studios, including one of Harleigh Schultz standing with Mr. Mayer and one of MGM's Board of Governors. Several of the photos are of famous people, particularly movie stars. Included in this series are signed photos of Cecil B. DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson (addressed to Maude McLelland), Jean Harlow (addressed to Louise Schultz), Walter Pidgeon, and an unsigned photo of Esther Williams. The series concludes with a photo of the fountain near Harleigh's grave and a 1961 newspaper clipping with a picture of Mary Pickford after she received an honorary degree from Middlebury College.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs.","File 1, Biography, contains a two-page biography of Harleigh Schultz that was written by his niece, Evelyn M. McLelland Boschen, in 1991. This document provides an overview of Schultz's family history and career.","File 2, Childhood Education, begins in 1891, when Harleigh Schultz was in third grade. It includes several certificates of merit from Richmond Public Schools, report cards from Richmond High School, and two copies of the program for the Richmond High School Commencement Ceremony on June 13, 1901, in which Schultz gave an oration entitled \"Dignity of Labor.\" Also included are two maps of Europe that he apparently drew from memory. The series ends with a photocopy of an article about the commencement ceremony in the  Richmond Dispatch .","File 3, Richmond College, contains a report card from Richmond College, which was stuck onto a page from the  Fifth Annual Studio Club News , which Schultz edited at MGM. The report includes a note: \"Note on final Examination paper- Your son has been one of our very best students, and has made an admirable record, signed Prof. F. W. Boatwright.\" Other reports follow, as well as an empty envelope addressed to Harleigh Schultz's father, on which is noted \"Letter of praise from Boatwright […]\". Two documents have been removed to oversized storage: copies of the  Collegian , the Richmond College student newspaper, which Schultz edited, with handwritten notes. Photocopies of the first and last pages, those with Schultz's notes, have been made and included with the collection. This is followed by news clippings regarding the 1904 commencement, a newspaper photo of the class of 1903-04, and a 1937 news clipping about the college.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","Files 4 and 5, Correspondence, contain two folders of correspondence. Most of these letters were written by Harleigh Schultz, his first wife Natalie, or his second wife Alice, to Harleigh's sisters Louise and Maude or other relatives. The letters are mostly type-written on company letterhead from the  Boston American  or the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation.  For the most part, these letters consist of kind words for Schultz's relatives, as well as news about the family.","File 6, Family, spans the largest time span, though several items are undated. It begins with a photocopy of a photograph of August F. Schultz and Hanna Ernestine von Sauermann, Harleigh's paternal grandparents. Several pages of photocopies of photographs follow, including pictures of Harleigh's parents, Harleigh's sons, and other relatives. Notes to identify the people in the images were written by a relative. This series also includes a photocopy of Harleigh Schultz's Delayed Certificate of Birth, issued in 1942 and witnessed by his sister Maude Schultz McLelland. A marriage notice and obituaries for Harleigh's parents are included, as are notices of Harleigh's marriages and death. A hand-drawn coat of arms labeled with the name Schultz is also included in this series.","File 7, Work, includes clippings of newspaper articles written by Harleigh Schultz, along with two of his business cards from his time with the  Boston American .","File 8, Other News, begins with an article from 1926 regarding a hurricane that hit Miami, Florida. A handwritten note in the margins says \"Uncle Harleigh there at this time.\" The second item is a collage of clippings from the  Gloucester-Mathews Gazette-Journal  from July 1942, regarding local sailors lost at sea. Harleigh Schultz, whose mother's family was from Gloucester, contributed a memorial poem to the journal. The last item in this series is an article called \"The Soul Diary of Florence Nightingale Revealed by Author,\" which discusses Nightingale's reasons for deciding not to marry.","File 9, Photographs, includes several photos of Harleigh Schultz at various ages, his second wife, Alice, and himself with his son, Robert. Several photos appear to have been taken at MGM Studios, including one of Harleigh Schultz standing with Mr. Mayer and one of MGM's Board of Governors. Several of the photos are of famous people, particularly movie stars. Included in this series are signed photos of Cecil B. DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson (addressed to Maude McLelland), Jean Harlow (addressed to Louise Schultz), Walter Pidgeon, and an unsigned photo of Esther Williams. The series concludes with a photo of the fountain near Harleigh's grave and a 1961 newspaper clipping with a picture of Mary Pickford after she received an honorary degree from Middlebury College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_MS-28\"\u003eThis collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection began as a scrapbook of papers related to Harleigh Bridges Schultz, 1883-1958. It contains some of his school records, newspaper clippings about his life and death, newspaper articles that he wrote during his career as a newspaper man, letters, and photographs. Items of note include a two-page biography written by his niece, Evelyn Boschen, and signed photos of Cecil DeMille, Clark Gable, Van Johnson, Jean Harlow, and Walter Pidgeon."],"names_coll_ssim":["Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","Schultz Family","Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer","Schultz Family","Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer"],"famname_ssim":["Schultz Family"],"persname_ssim":["Schultz, Harleigh B. (Harleigh Bridges), 1883-1958"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:07:44.300Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_14"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_39#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_39#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_39#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_39.xml","title_ssm":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"title_tesim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-33","/repositories/4/resources/39"],"text":["MS-33","/repositories/4/resources/39","Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection","Scrapbooks","Publications","Nonbook Materials","Ephemera","Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories","This collection is arranged into 2 series, with 7 total subseries:","Series I: Short Stories\n Subseries IA: Unpublished Drafts and Notes Subseries IB: Published Short Stories Subseries IC: Historical and Factual Short Stories \nSeries II: Personal Papers and Family Information\n Subseries IIA: Research Subseries IIB: Personal Papers and Items Subseries IIC: Family information and Photographs Subseries IID: Scrapbooks","Hazel Paris Cederborg was born in 1892 to Charlotte G. Paris and Raphael D. Paris. Throughout her life she worked in education in various forms from elementary to collegiate level. She earned a B.A. (1915) and M.A. in Education from Wellesley College. She taught in New England, Virginia, and Illinois. Hazel is most famously known from authoring Bunny Polka Dot and The Little Red Wagon. She was also an assistant professor of English at Westhampton College in the 1920s.","Her interest in writing first began when her son was a young boy and she discovered she was having a hard time locating interesting educational material for him to read. At the time she was friends with an established author who agreed she had a talent for writing and encouraged her to pursue it. When she first started out she struggled getting her stories published. One of her rejections was from McLoughlin Bros. Inc. in 1940, in which they stated they already had too many animal stories for this year and maybe she should submit her material in the following year. In 1942 she was rejected by Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife because her material was too similar to what they were already publishing. This process would repeat itself all the way into 1949 when she was rejected by Grosset and Dunlap. During this time, she was careful to take notes and learn from her mistakes. She did publish a few stories during this time to The American Home for example, however she was still learning the times that were best to submit. Many times she was simply rejected because she submitted her material at the wrong time of year for the publications. Eventually, she came to understand the publication process and was publishing multiple stories a year. Early on in the process she did get an article published in Writer's Monthly in 1941 entitled, \"What the Editor Wants.\" This article discussed her process when planning to submit an article for publication and what an editor expects to see.","Throughout her life, she wrote numerous articles, informal essays, short stories, articles on family life, and articles for both adults and children. When developing a story, Hazel didn't like to waste paper, so she would use scrap material from her education position to plan out the story before typing. She was a large advocate for immersing children in day to day activities. In Christian Home in 1940 she discussed bringing children into the kitchen and allowing them to participate in meal preparation. She stressed the importance of patience in the parent and allowing the child to learn and use their creativity to solve the problem in front of them. In her later articles she focused on how parents can better understand their teenage children.","After working in higher education, she realized she missed working with young children and took a job in elementary education in District 109 in Deerfield, Illinois. She retired in 1962 but kept working on stories for different organizations well into 1974, such as a biography for Joseph Laurent. She passed away in Feb. 1975 in Highland Park, Illinois.","These materials are from the estate of Debbie Marchand, granddaughter of Hazel Paris Cederborg. They were acquired at auction by Wellesley College, and later this portion was transferred to the University of Richmond in 2016. Materials about Wellesley College were retained by their archives.","Collection contains documents, published short stories, photographs, notecards, magnifying glass, letter opener, French apron, scrapbooks.","Processed by Maelyn Cable.","Wellesley College featured material from their collection of Hazel Paris Cederborg materials in their  2016 spring newsletter .","The collection is divided into 2 series, and 7 subseries.","Series I, Short Stories, contains stories written by Hazel Paris Cederborg for young children focusing around life lessons.","Subseries IA, Unpublished Drafts and Notes, includes stories that were in the planning process or ideas that had yet to be put in some order. These particular stories have topics focusing around family life and many use animals to teach life lessons. A large part of this section contains materials on the Prince of Whales and the planning materials for a story.","Subseries IB, Published Short Stories, contains stories that were published into newspapers, story collections, or books. The first part of this section is large children's storybooks where Hazel Paris Cederborg has one to seven short stories published in each one. In the front of the folders are copies of the stories specifically published by Cederborg. Following the storybooks are published articles to smaller collections or newspapers. The main items in this section are The Little Red Wagon and Bunny Polka Dot.","Subseries IC, Historical and Factual Short Stories, includes short stories based with historically accurate information and focused around living or deceased individuals. These stories were requested by another party to be written by Hazel Paris Cederborg and mainly focus around Somerville, Massachusetts where Cederborg lived for a short time growing up.","Series II, Personal Papers and Family Information, includes information in the collection that was collected by Hazel or other family members pertaining to research or family information including Hazel's retirement.","Subseries IIA, Research, includes items that contain research ideas for unnamed stories.","Subseries IIB, Personal Papers and Items, includes items such as files pertaining to the Westhampton Anniversary Party in 1964, articles containing information about Emil W. Cederborg and Hazel Paris Cederborg, and items held in the procession of the Cederborgs. Towards the end of this section are items that Hazel used for aids in the classroom and items from her desk.","Subseries IIC, Family Information and Photographs, contains items relating to family history. This section is largely comprised of family photographs.","Subseries IID, Scrapbooks, includes scrapbooks created by Hazel Paris Cederborg that contain clippings of articles and stories she published to various sources. At the end of the section are two photo albums; one has the childhood of Hazel and the other of her children.","Copies of  The Little Red Wagon  and  Bunny Polka Dot , both by Hazel Cederborg, have been added to the Historical Children's Literature Collection in the Galvin Rare Book Room.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life.","University of Richmond ","Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)","Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie","English Turkish"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-33","/repositories/4/resources/39"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"creator_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"creators_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials in this collection were transferred from Wellesley College in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Publications","Nonbook Materials","Ephemera","Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","Publications","Nonbook Materials","Ephemera","Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.3 Linear Feet 12 boxes; 4 letter sized boxes, 3 legal sized, 1 small box, 1 medium box, 3 flat oversized boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.3 Linear Feet 12 boxes; 4 letter sized boxes, 3 legal sized, 1 small box, 1 medium box, 3 flat oversized boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 2 series, with 7 total subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Short Stories\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IA: Unpublished Drafts and Notes\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IB: Published Short Stories\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IC: Historical and Factual Short Stories\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II: Personal Papers and Family Information\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IIA: Research\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IIB: Personal Papers and Items\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IIC: Family information and Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IID: Scrapbooks\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 2 series, with 7 total subseries:","Series I: Short Stories\n Subseries IA: Unpublished Drafts and Notes Subseries IB: Published Short Stories Subseries IC: Historical and Factual Short Stories \nSeries II: Personal Papers and Family Information\n Subseries IIA: Research Subseries IIB: Personal Papers and Items Subseries IIC: Family information and Photographs Subseries IID: Scrapbooks"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHazel Paris Cederborg was born in 1892 to Charlotte G. Paris and Raphael D. Paris. Throughout her life she worked in education in various forms from elementary to collegiate level. She earned a B.A. (1915) and M.A. in Education from Wellesley College. She taught in New England, Virginia, and Illinois. Hazel is most famously known from authoring Bunny Polka Dot and The Little Red Wagon. She was also an assistant professor of English at Westhampton College in the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer interest in writing first began when her son was a young boy and she discovered she was having a hard time locating interesting educational material for him to read. At the time she was friends with an established author who agreed she had a talent for writing and encouraged her to pursue it. When she first started out she struggled getting her stories published. One of her rejections was from McLoughlin Bros. Inc. in 1940, in which they stated they already had too many animal stories for this year and maybe she should submit her material in the following year. In 1942 she was rejected by Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife because her material was too similar to what they were already publishing. This process would repeat itself all the way into 1949 when she was rejected by Grosset and Dunlap. During this time, she was careful to take notes and learn from her mistakes. She did publish a few stories during this time to The American Home for example, however she was still learning the times that were best to submit. Many times she was simply rejected because she submitted her material at the wrong time of year for the publications. Eventually, she came to understand the publication process and was publishing multiple stories a year. Early on in the process she did get an article published in Writer's Monthly in 1941 entitled, \"What the Editor Wants.\" This article discussed her process when planning to submit an article for publication and what an editor expects to see.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout her life, she wrote numerous articles, informal essays, short stories, articles on family life, and articles for both adults and children. When developing a story, Hazel didn't like to waste paper, so she would use scrap material from her education position to plan out the story before typing. She was a large advocate for immersing children in day to day activities. In Christian Home in 1940 she discussed bringing children into the kitchen and allowing them to participate in meal preparation. She stressed the importance of patience in the parent and allowing the child to learn and use their creativity to solve the problem in front of them. In her later articles she focused on how parents can better understand their teenage children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter working in higher education, she realized she missed working with young children and took a job in elementary education in District 109 in Deerfield, Illinois. She retired in 1962 but kept working on stories for different organizations well into 1974, such as a biography for Joseph Laurent. She passed away in Feb. 1975 in Highland Park, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg was born in 1892 to Charlotte G. Paris and Raphael D. Paris. Throughout her life she worked in education in various forms from elementary to collegiate level. She earned a B.A. (1915) and M.A. in Education from Wellesley College. She taught in New England, Virginia, and Illinois. Hazel is most famously known from authoring Bunny Polka Dot and The Little Red Wagon. She was also an assistant professor of English at Westhampton College in the 1920s.","Her interest in writing first began when her son was a young boy and she discovered she was having a hard time locating interesting educational material for him to read. At the time she was friends with an established author who agreed she had a talent for writing and encouraged her to pursue it. When she first started out she struggled getting her stories published. One of her rejections was from McLoughlin Bros. Inc. in 1940, in which they stated they already had too many animal stories for this year and maybe she should submit her material in the following year. In 1942 she was rejected by Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife because her material was too similar to what they were already publishing. This process would repeat itself all the way into 1949 when she was rejected by Grosset and Dunlap. During this time, she was careful to take notes and learn from her mistakes. She did publish a few stories during this time to The American Home for example, however she was still learning the times that were best to submit. Many times she was simply rejected because she submitted her material at the wrong time of year for the publications. Eventually, she came to understand the publication process and was publishing multiple stories a year. Early on in the process she did get an article published in Writer's Monthly in 1941 entitled, \"What the Editor Wants.\" This article discussed her process when planning to submit an article for publication and what an editor expects to see.","Throughout her life, she wrote numerous articles, informal essays, short stories, articles on family life, and articles for both adults and children. When developing a story, Hazel didn't like to waste paper, so she would use scrap material from her education position to plan out the story before typing. She was a large advocate for immersing children in day to day activities. In Christian Home in 1940 she discussed bringing children into the kitchen and allowing them to participate in meal preparation. She stressed the importance of patience in the parent and allowing the child to learn and use their creativity to solve the problem in front of them. In her later articles she focused on how parents can better understand their teenage children.","After working in higher education, she realized she missed working with young children and took a job in elementary education in District 109 in Deerfield, Illinois. She retired in 1962 but kept working on stories for different organizations well into 1974, such as a biography for Joseph Laurent. She passed away in Feb. 1975 in Highland Park, Illinois."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials are from the estate of Debbie Marchand, granddaughter of Hazel Paris Cederborg. They were acquired at auction by Wellesley College, and later this portion was transferred to the University of Richmond in 2016. Materials about Wellesley College were retained by their archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["These materials are from the estate of Debbie Marchand, granddaughter of Hazel Paris Cederborg. They were acquired at auction by Wellesley College, and later this portion was transferred to the University of Richmond in 2016. Materials about Wellesley College were retained by their archives."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains documents, published short stories, photographs, notecards, magnifying glass, letter opener, French apron, scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Collection contains documents, published short stories, photographs, notecards, magnifying glass, letter opener, French apron, scrapbooks."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS- 33, Hazel V. Paris Cederborg Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS- 33, Hazel V. Paris Cederborg Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Maelyn Cable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Maelyn Cable."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWellesley College featured material from their collection of Hazel Paris Cederborg materials in their \u003ca href=\"https://www.wellesley.edu/sites/default/files/assets/departments/libraryandtechnology/files/2016springfolnewsletter.pdf\"\u003e2016 spring newsletter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wellesley College featured material from their collection of Hazel Paris Cederborg materials in their  2016 spring newsletter ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 2 series, and 7 subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Short Stories, contains stories written by Hazel Paris Cederborg for young children focusing around life lessons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IA, Unpublished Drafts and Notes, includes stories that were in the planning process or ideas that had yet to be put in some order. These particular stories have topics focusing around family life and many use animals to teach life lessons. A large part of this section contains materials on the Prince of Whales and the planning materials for a story.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IB, Published Short Stories, contains stories that were published into newspapers, story collections, or books. The first part of this section is large children's storybooks where Hazel Paris Cederborg has one to seven short stories published in each one. In the front of the folders are copies of the stories specifically published by Cederborg. Following the storybooks are published articles to smaller collections or newspapers. The main items in this section are The Little Red Wagon and Bunny Polka Dot.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IC, Historical and Factual Short Stories, includes short stories based with historically accurate information and focused around living or deceased individuals. These stories were requested by another party to be written by Hazel Paris Cederborg and mainly focus around Somerville, Massachusetts where Cederborg lived for a short time growing up.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Personal Papers and Family Information, includes information in the collection that was collected by Hazel or other family members pertaining to research or family information including Hazel's retirement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IIA, Research, includes items that contain research ideas for unnamed stories.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IIB, Personal Papers and Items, includes items such as files pertaining to the Westhampton Anniversary Party in 1964, articles containing information about Emil W. Cederborg and Hazel Paris Cederborg, and items held in the procession of the Cederborgs. Towards the end of this section are items that Hazel used for aids in the classroom and items from her desk.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IIC, Family Information and Photographs, contains items relating to family history. This section is largely comprised of family photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IID, Scrapbooks, includes scrapbooks created by Hazel Paris Cederborg that contain clippings of articles and stories she published to various sources. At the end of the section are two photo albums; one has the childhood of Hazel and the other of her children.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is divided into 2 series, and 7 subseries.","Series I, Short Stories, contains stories written by Hazel Paris Cederborg for young children focusing around life lessons.","Subseries IA, Unpublished Drafts and Notes, includes stories that were in the planning process or ideas that had yet to be put in some order. These particular stories have topics focusing around family life and many use animals to teach life lessons. A large part of this section contains materials on the Prince of Whales and the planning materials for a story.","Subseries IB, Published Short Stories, contains stories that were published into newspapers, story collections, or books. The first part of this section is large children's storybooks where Hazel Paris Cederborg has one to seven short stories published in each one. In the front of the folders are copies of the stories specifically published by Cederborg. Following the storybooks are published articles to smaller collections or newspapers. The main items in this section are The Little Red Wagon and Bunny Polka Dot.","Subseries IC, Historical and Factual Short Stories, includes short stories based with historically accurate information and focused around living or deceased individuals. These stories were requested by another party to be written by Hazel Paris Cederborg and mainly focus around Somerville, Massachusetts where Cederborg lived for a short time growing up.","Series II, Personal Papers and Family Information, includes information in the collection that was collected by Hazel or other family members pertaining to research or family information including Hazel's retirement.","Subseries IIA, Research, includes items that contain research ideas for unnamed stories.","Subseries IIB, Personal Papers and Items, includes items such as files pertaining to the Westhampton Anniversary Party in 1964, articles containing information about Emil W. Cederborg and Hazel Paris Cederborg, and items held in the procession of the Cederborgs. Towards the end of this section are items that Hazel used for aids in the classroom and items from her desk.","Subseries IIC, Family Information and Photographs, contains items relating to family history. This section is largely comprised of family photographs.","Subseries IID, Scrapbooks, includes scrapbooks created by Hazel Paris Cederborg that contain clippings of articles and stories she published to various sources. At the end of the section are two photo albums; one has the childhood of Hazel and the other of her children."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Little Red Wagon\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBunny Polka Dot\u003c/emph\u003e, both by Hazel Cederborg, have been added to the Historical Children's Literature Collection in the Galvin Rare Book Room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of  The Little Red Wagon  and  Bunny Polka Dot , both by Hazel Cederborg, have been added to the Historical Children's Literature Collection in the Galvin Rare Book Room."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_819652907b9b06a93438845f422d76cf\"\u003eThis collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)","Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)","Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"language_ssim":["English Turkish"],"total_component_count_is":111,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:09:14.720Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_39","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_39.xml","title_ssm":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"title_tesim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893-1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-33","/repositories/4/resources/39"],"text":["MS-33","/repositories/4/resources/39","Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection","Scrapbooks","Publications","Nonbook Materials","Ephemera","Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories","This collection is arranged into 2 series, with 7 total subseries:","Series I: Short Stories\n Subseries IA: Unpublished Drafts and Notes Subseries IB: Published Short Stories Subseries IC: Historical and Factual Short Stories \nSeries II: Personal Papers and Family Information\n Subseries IIA: Research Subseries IIB: Personal Papers and Items Subseries IIC: Family information and Photographs Subseries IID: Scrapbooks","Hazel Paris Cederborg was born in 1892 to Charlotte G. Paris and Raphael D. Paris. Throughout her life she worked in education in various forms from elementary to collegiate level. She earned a B.A. (1915) and M.A. in Education from Wellesley College. She taught in New England, Virginia, and Illinois. Hazel is most famously known from authoring Bunny Polka Dot and The Little Red Wagon. She was also an assistant professor of English at Westhampton College in the 1920s.","Her interest in writing first began when her son was a young boy and she discovered she was having a hard time locating interesting educational material for him to read. At the time she was friends with an established author who agreed she had a talent for writing and encouraged her to pursue it. When she first started out she struggled getting her stories published. One of her rejections was from McLoughlin Bros. Inc. in 1940, in which they stated they already had too many animal stories for this year and maybe she should submit her material in the following year. In 1942 she was rejected by Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife because her material was too similar to what they were already publishing. This process would repeat itself all the way into 1949 when she was rejected by Grosset and Dunlap. During this time, she was careful to take notes and learn from her mistakes. She did publish a few stories during this time to The American Home for example, however she was still learning the times that were best to submit. Many times she was simply rejected because she submitted her material at the wrong time of year for the publications. Eventually, she came to understand the publication process and was publishing multiple stories a year. Early on in the process she did get an article published in Writer's Monthly in 1941 entitled, \"What the Editor Wants.\" This article discussed her process when planning to submit an article for publication and what an editor expects to see.","Throughout her life, she wrote numerous articles, informal essays, short stories, articles on family life, and articles for both adults and children. When developing a story, Hazel didn't like to waste paper, so she would use scrap material from her education position to plan out the story before typing. She was a large advocate for immersing children in day to day activities. In Christian Home in 1940 she discussed bringing children into the kitchen and allowing them to participate in meal preparation. She stressed the importance of patience in the parent and allowing the child to learn and use their creativity to solve the problem in front of them. In her later articles she focused on how parents can better understand their teenage children.","After working in higher education, she realized she missed working with young children and took a job in elementary education in District 109 in Deerfield, Illinois. She retired in 1962 but kept working on stories for different organizations well into 1974, such as a biography for Joseph Laurent. She passed away in Feb. 1975 in Highland Park, Illinois.","These materials are from the estate of Debbie Marchand, granddaughter of Hazel Paris Cederborg. They were acquired at auction by Wellesley College, and later this portion was transferred to the University of Richmond in 2016. Materials about Wellesley College were retained by their archives.","Collection contains documents, published short stories, photographs, notecards, magnifying glass, letter opener, French apron, scrapbooks.","Processed by Maelyn Cable.","Wellesley College featured material from their collection of Hazel Paris Cederborg materials in their  2016 spring newsletter .","The collection is divided into 2 series, and 7 subseries.","Series I, Short Stories, contains stories written by Hazel Paris Cederborg for young children focusing around life lessons.","Subseries IA, Unpublished Drafts and Notes, includes stories that were in the planning process or ideas that had yet to be put in some order. These particular stories have topics focusing around family life and many use animals to teach life lessons. A large part of this section contains materials on the Prince of Whales and the planning materials for a story.","Subseries IB, Published Short Stories, contains stories that were published into newspapers, story collections, or books. The first part of this section is large children's storybooks where Hazel Paris Cederborg has one to seven short stories published in each one. In the front of the folders are copies of the stories specifically published by Cederborg. Following the storybooks are published articles to smaller collections or newspapers. The main items in this section are The Little Red Wagon and Bunny Polka Dot.","Subseries IC, Historical and Factual Short Stories, includes short stories based with historically accurate information and focused around living or deceased individuals. These stories were requested by another party to be written by Hazel Paris Cederborg and mainly focus around Somerville, Massachusetts where Cederborg lived for a short time growing up.","Series II, Personal Papers and Family Information, includes information in the collection that was collected by Hazel or other family members pertaining to research or family information including Hazel's retirement.","Subseries IIA, Research, includes items that contain research ideas for unnamed stories.","Subseries IIB, Personal Papers and Items, includes items such as files pertaining to the Westhampton Anniversary Party in 1964, articles containing information about Emil W. Cederborg and Hazel Paris Cederborg, and items held in the procession of the Cederborgs. Towards the end of this section are items that Hazel used for aids in the classroom and items from her desk.","Subseries IIC, Family Information and Photographs, contains items relating to family history. This section is largely comprised of family photographs.","Subseries IID, Scrapbooks, includes scrapbooks created by Hazel Paris Cederborg that contain clippings of articles and stories she published to various sources. At the end of the section are two photo albums; one has the childhood of Hazel and the other of her children.","Copies of  The Little Red Wagon  and  Bunny Polka Dot , both by Hazel Cederborg, have been added to the Historical Children's Literature Collection in the Galvin Rare Book Room.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life.","University of Richmond ","Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)","Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie","English Turkish"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-33","/repositories/4/resources/39"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"creator_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"creators_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. 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Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials in this collection were transferred from Wellesley College in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Publications","Nonbook Materials","Ephemera","Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Scrapbooks","Publications","Nonbook Materials","Ephemera","Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.3 Linear Feet 12 boxes; 4 letter sized boxes, 3 legal sized, 1 small box, 1 medium box, 3 flat oversized boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.3 Linear Feet 12 boxes; 4 letter sized boxes, 3 legal sized, 1 small box, 1 medium box, 3 flat oversized boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Photograph albums","Short stories"],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 2 series, with 7 total subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Short Stories\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IA: Unpublished Drafts and Notes\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IB: Published Short Stories\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IC: Historical and Factual Short Stories\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nSeries II: Personal Papers and Family Information\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IIA: Research\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IIB: Personal Papers and Items\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IIC: Family information and Photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSubseries IID: Scrapbooks\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 2 series, with 7 total subseries:","Series I: Short Stories\n Subseries IA: Unpublished Drafts and Notes Subseries IB: Published Short Stories Subseries IC: Historical and Factual Short Stories \nSeries II: Personal Papers and Family Information\n Subseries IIA: Research Subseries IIB: Personal Papers and Items Subseries IIC: Family information and Photographs Subseries IID: Scrapbooks"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHazel Paris Cederborg was born in 1892 to Charlotte G. Paris and Raphael D. Paris. Throughout her life she worked in education in various forms from elementary to collegiate level. She earned a B.A. (1915) and M.A. in Education from Wellesley College. She taught in New England, Virginia, and Illinois. Hazel is most famously known from authoring Bunny Polka Dot and The Little Red Wagon. She was also an assistant professor of English at Westhampton College in the 1920s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer interest in writing first began when her son was a young boy and she discovered she was having a hard time locating interesting educational material for him to read. At the time she was friends with an established author who agreed she had a talent for writing and encouraged her to pursue it. When she first started out she struggled getting her stories published. One of her rejections was from McLoughlin Bros. Inc. in 1940, in which they stated they already had too many animal stories for this year and maybe she should submit her material in the following year. In 1942 she was rejected by Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife because her material was too similar to what they were already publishing. This process would repeat itself all the way into 1949 when she was rejected by Grosset and Dunlap. During this time, she was careful to take notes and learn from her mistakes. She did publish a few stories during this time to The American Home for example, however she was still learning the times that were best to submit. Many times she was simply rejected because she submitted her material at the wrong time of year for the publications. Eventually, she came to understand the publication process and was publishing multiple stories a year. Early on in the process she did get an article published in Writer's Monthly in 1941 entitled, \"What the Editor Wants.\" This article discussed her process when planning to submit an article for publication and what an editor expects to see.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout her life, she wrote numerous articles, informal essays, short stories, articles on family life, and articles for both adults and children. When developing a story, Hazel didn't like to waste paper, so she would use scrap material from her education position to plan out the story before typing. She was a large advocate for immersing children in day to day activities. In Christian Home in 1940 she discussed bringing children into the kitchen and allowing them to participate in meal preparation. She stressed the importance of patience in the parent and allowing the child to learn and use their creativity to solve the problem in front of them. In her later articles she focused on how parents can better understand their teenage children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter working in higher education, she realized she missed working with young children and took a job in elementary education in District 109 in Deerfield, Illinois. She retired in 1962 but kept working on stories for different organizations well into 1974, such as a biography for Joseph Laurent. She passed away in Feb. 1975 in Highland Park, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Hazel Paris Cederborg was born in 1892 to Charlotte G. Paris and Raphael D. Paris. Throughout her life she worked in education in various forms from elementary to collegiate level. She earned a B.A. (1915) and M.A. in Education from Wellesley College. She taught in New England, Virginia, and Illinois. Hazel is most famously known from authoring Bunny Polka Dot and The Little Red Wagon. She was also an assistant professor of English at Westhampton College in the 1920s.","Her interest in writing first began when her son was a young boy and she discovered she was having a hard time locating interesting educational material for him to read. At the time she was friends with an established author who agreed she had a talent for writing and encouraged her to pursue it. When she first started out she struggled getting her stories published. One of her rejections was from McLoughlin Bros. Inc. in 1940, in which they stated they already had too many animal stories for this year and maybe she should submit her material in the following year. In 1942 she was rejected by Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife because her material was too similar to what they were already publishing. This process would repeat itself all the way into 1949 when she was rejected by Grosset and Dunlap. During this time, she was careful to take notes and learn from her mistakes. She did publish a few stories during this time to The American Home for example, however she was still learning the times that were best to submit. Many times she was simply rejected because she submitted her material at the wrong time of year for the publications. Eventually, she came to understand the publication process and was publishing multiple stories a year. Early on in the process she did get an article published in Writer's Monthly in 1941 entitled, \"What the Editor Wants.\" This article discussed her process when planning to submit an article for publication and what an editor expects to see.","Throughout her life, she wrote numerous articles, informal essays, short stories, articles on family life, and articles for both adults and children. When developing a story, Hazel didn't like to waste paper, so she would use scrap material from her education position to plan out the story before typing. She was a large advocate for immersing children in day to day activities. In Christian Home in 1940 she discussed bringing children into the kitchen and allowing them to participate in meal preparation. She stressed the importance of patience in the parent and allowing the child to learn and use their creativity to solve the problem in front of them. In her later articles she focused on how parents can better understand their teenage children.","After working in higher education, she realized she missed working with young children and took a job in elementary education in District 109 in Deerfield, Illinois. She retired in 1962 but kept working on stories for different organizations well into 1974, such as a biography for Joseph Laurent. She passed away in Feb. 1975 in Highland Park, Illinois."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials are from the estate of Debbie Marchand, granddaughter of Hazel Paris Cederborg. They were acquired at auction by Wellesley College, and later this portion was transferred to the University of Richmond in 2016. Materials about Wellesley College were retained by their archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["These materials are from the estate of Debbie Marchand, granddaughter of Hazel Paris Cederborg. They were acquired at auction by Wellesley College, and later this portion was transferred to the University of Richmond in 2016. Materials about Wellesley College were retained by their archives."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains documents, published short stories, photographs, notecards, magnifying glass, letter opener, French apron, scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Collection contains documents, published short stories, photographs, notecards, magnifying glass, letter opener, French apron, scrapbooks."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS- 33, Hazel V. Paris Cederborg Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS- 33, Hazel V. Paris Cederborg Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Maelyn Cable.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Maelyn Cable."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWellesley College featured material from their collection of Hazel Paris Cederborg materials in their \u003ca href=\"https://www.wellesley.edu/sites/default/files/assets/departments/libraryandtechnology/files/2016springfolnewsletter.pdf\"\u003e2016 spring newsletter\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wellesley College featured material from their collection of Hazel Paris Cederborg materials in their  2016 spring newsletter ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 2 series, and 7 subseries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I, Short Stories, contains stories written by Hazel Paris Cederborg for young children focusing around life lessons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IA, Unpublished Drafts and Notes, includes stories that were in the planning process or ideas that had yet to be put in some order. These particular stories have topics focusing around family life and many use animals to teach life lessons. A large part of this section contains materials on the Prince of Whales and the planning materials for a story.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IB, Published Short Stories, contains stories that were published into newspapers, story collections, or books. The first part of this section is large children's storybooks where Hazel Paris Cederborg has one to seven short stories published in each one. In the front of the folders are copies of the stories specifically published by Cederborg. Following the storybooks are published articles to smaller collections or newspapers. The main items in this section are The Little Red Wagon and Bunny Polka Dot.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IC, Historical and Factual Short Stories, includes short stories based with historically accurate information and focused around living or deceased individuals. These stories were requested by another party to be written by Hazel Paris Cederborg and mainly focus around Somerville, Massachusetts where Cederborg lived for a short time growing up.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Personal Papers and Family Information, includes information in the collection that was collected by Hazel or other family members pertaining to research or family information including Hazel's retirement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IIA, Research, includes items that contain research ideas for unnamed stories.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IIB, Personal Papers and Items, includes items such as files pertaining to the Westhampton Anniversary Party in 1964, articles containing information about Emil W. Cederborg and Hazel Paris Cederborg, and items held in the procession of the Cederborgs. Towards the end of this section are items that Hazel used for aids in the classroom and items from her desk.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IIC, Family Information and Photographs, contains items relating to family history. This section is largely comprised of family photographs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries IID, Scrapbooks, includes scrapbooks created by Hazel Paris Cederborg that contain clippings of articles and stories she published to various sources. At the end of the section are two photo albums; one has the childhood of Hazel and the other of her children.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is divided into 2 series, and 7 subseries.","Series I, Short Stories, contains stories written by Hazel Paris Cederborg for young children focusing around life lessons.","Subseries IA, Unpublished Drafts and Notes, includes stories that were in the planning process or ideas that had yet to be put in some order. These particular stories have topics focusing around family life and many use animals to teach life lessons. A large part of this section contains materials on the Prince of Whales and the planning materials for a story.","Subseries IB, Published Short Stories, contains stories that were published into newspapers, story collections, or books. The first part of this section is large children's storybooks where Hazel Paris Cederborg has one to seven short stories published in each one. In the front of the folders are copies of the stories specifically published by Cederborg. Following the storybooks are published articles to smaller collections or newspapers. The main items in this section are The Little Red Wagon and Bunny Polka Dot.","Subseries IC, Historical and Factual Short Stories, includes short stories based with historically accurate information and focused around living or deceased individuals. These stories were requested by another party to be written by Hazel Paris Cederborg and mainly focus around Somerville, Massachusetts where Cederborg lived for a short time growing up.","Series II, Personal Papers and Family Information, includes information in the collection that was collected by Hazel or other family members pertaining to research or family information including Hazel's retirement.","Subseries IIA, Research, includes items that contain research ideas for unnamed stories.","Subseries IIB, Personal Papers and Items, includes items such as files pertaining to the Westhampton Anniversary Party in 1964, articles containing information about Emil W. Cederborg and Hazel Paris Cederborg, and items held in the procession of the Cederborgs. Towards the end of this section are items that Hazel used for aids in the classroom and items from her desk.","Subseries IIC, Family Information and Photographs, contains items relating to family history. This section is largely comprised of family photographs.","Subseries IID, Scrapbooks, includes scrapbooks created by Hazel Paris Cederborg that contain clippings of articles and stories she published to various sources. At the end of the section are two photo albums; one has the childhood of Hazel and the other of her children."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Little Red Wagon\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eBunny Polka Dot\u003c/emph\u003e, both by Hazel Cederborg, have been added to the Historical Children's Literature Collection in the Galvin Rare Book Room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of  The Little Red Wagon  and  Bunny Polka Dot , both by Hazel Cederborg, have been added to the Historical Children's Literature Collection in the Galvin Rare Book Room."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_819652907b9b06a93438845f422d76cf\"\u003eThis collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains short story drafts, published articles focusing on children's stories or family life, and Storybook collections containing short children's stories or poems. Also located in the collection are individual family photographs and family photo albums documenting the childhood of Hazel Paris Cederborg and her children. Towards the end of the collection are scrapbooks created by Hazel that house her published articles and short stories on family life."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)","Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)","Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Wellesley College","Westhampton College (Richmond, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Cederborg, Hazel Paris, 1892-1975","Marchand, Debbie"],"language_ssim":["English Turkish"],"total_component_count_is":111,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:09:14.720Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_39"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Photojournalism Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"text":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","Photojournalism Collection","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. ","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei \nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari Aldophe Braun ","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eKusakabe Kimbei\u003c/persname\u003e\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSuzanne Zuber\u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eFratelli Alinari\u003c/persname\u003e\n\u003cpersname\u003eAldophe Braun \u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei \nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari Aldophe Braun "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:07:44.300Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"text":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","Photojournalism Collection","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. ","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei \nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari Aldophe Braun ","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eKusakabe Kimbei\u003c/persname\u003e\nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSuzanne Zuber\u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eFratelli Alinari\u003c/persname\u003e\n\u003cpersname\u003eAldophe Braun \u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","Kusakabe Kimbei \nGraphic Material: 1236. Biwa Lake from Ishiyama","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari Aldophe Braun "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:07:44.300Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"World War II Correspondence Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_38.xml","title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1966","1940-1945"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"text":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38","World War II Correspondence Collection","World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs","This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters \nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters \nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters \nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters \nSeries V: Other World War II Letters \nSeries VI: Other Letters \nSeries VII: Ephemera","The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.","The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek.","MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection .","Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","University of Richmond ","English Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"collection_ssim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased at auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 7 series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VI: Other Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VII: Ephemera\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters \nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters \nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters \nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters \nSeries V: Other World War II Letters \nSeries VI: Other Letters \nSeries VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lynda Kachurek.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.richmond.edu/repositories/4/resources/6\"\u003eMS-8 World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlets Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_761d0ce1744499313f9e75922fe1f1e2\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"language_ssim":["English Latin"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:08:19.620Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_38.xml","title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1966","1940-1945"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"text":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38","World War II Correspondence Collection","World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs","This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters \nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters \nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters \nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters \nSeries V: Other World War II Letters \nSeries VI: Other Letters \nSeries VII: Ephemera","The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.","The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek.","MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection .","Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","University of Richmond ","English Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"collection_ssim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased at auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 7 series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VI: Other Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VII: Ephemera\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters \nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters \nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters \nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters \nSeries V: Other World War II Letters \nSeries VI: Other Letters \nSeries VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lynda Kachurek.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.richmond.edu/repositories/4/resources/6\"\u003eMS-8 World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlets Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_761d0ce1744499313f9e75922fe1f1e2\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"language_ssim":["English Latin"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:08:19.620Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of 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