{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Pamphlets\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Pamphlets\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_581","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Arthur Franklin Raper papers, 1959/1975","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_581#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Raper, Arthur Franklin, 1899-1979","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_581#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains documents pertaining to the work of South Asia development expert Arthur F. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009 and was revised by Amy Blake in December 2018.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international development, particularly papers and records from individuals affiliated with the GMU Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution.","This collection contains documents pertaining to the work of South Asia development expert Arthur Raper, including speeches, pamphlets in Bengali/Bangla, research and development project reports published by the Pakistan and Bangladesh Academies for Rural Development, Comilla and Peshawar, Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University, East-West Center, Hawaii. Many of the documents within this collection have notes written on and within them by Raper and others, allowing for more insight into Raper's presonal involvement and opinions with these projects and surveys.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains documents pertaining to the work of South Asia development expert Arthur F. Raper, including speeches, research and development project reports published by the Pakistan and Bangladesh Academies for Rural Development, Comilla and Peshawar, Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University and East-West Center Hawaii.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","East-West Center","Michigan State University. 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Asian Studies Center","Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, Comilla"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Arthur Raper in 1977."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Rural development -- Bangladesh","Rural development -- Pakistan","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Rural development -- Bangladesh","Rural development -- Pakistan","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.0 linear feet 8 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.0 linear feet 8 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArthur Franklin Raper was a distinguished sociologist whose early work focused on rural social issues and racial discrimination in the South. 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After his work as senior advisor to the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, he returned to the United States and worked as a visiting professor at Michigan State University until his retirement in 1967."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArthur Raper collection, C0095, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Arthur Raper collection, C0095, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Amy Blake in December 2018. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009 and was revised by Amy Blake in December 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Amy Blake in December 2018. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009 and was revised by Amy Blake in December 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international development, particularly papers and records from individuals affiliated with the GMU Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to international development, particularly papers and records from individuals affiliated with the GMU Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains documents pertaining to the work of South Asia development expert Arthur Raper, including speeches, pamphlets in Bengali/Bangla, research and development project reports published by the Pakistan and Bangladesh Academies for Rural Development, Comilla and Peshawar, Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University, East-West Center, Hawaii. 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Many of the documents within this collection have notes written on and within them by Raper and others, allowing for more insight into Raper's presonal involvement and opinions with these projects and surveys."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eThis collection contains documents pertaining to the work of South Asia development expert Arthur F. 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Asian Studies Center","Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, Comilla"],"persname_ssim":["Raper, Arthur Franklin, 1899-1979"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","East-West Center","Michigan State University. Asian Studies Center","Pakistan Academy for Rural Development, Comilla","Raper, Arthur Franklin, 1899-1979"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_581"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_775.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"text":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775","France","Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.","Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers.","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"collection_ssim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"unitid_tesim":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France"],"geogname_ssim":["France"],"places_ssim":["France"],"creator_ssm":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"creators_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton and George Oberle from Leo Cadogan Rare Books in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCity of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In \u003ctitle\u003ePaternalism to Partnership\u003c/title\u003e. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFounder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026amp; Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0340\"\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gunston Hall Library \u0026amp; Archives holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html\"\u003eJohn Mason Papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14aa3143d4760967fabd465728b68141\"\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cfd66f15e6b713f3605d91d08bfe8e3a\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mason, Fenwick and Company","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_775.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1790s-1800s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"text":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals","C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775","France","Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.","Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers.","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"collection_ssim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"unitid_tesim":["C0550","/repositories/2/resources/775"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["France"],"geogname_ssim":["France"],"places_ssim":["France"],"creator_ssm":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"creators_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton and George Oberle from Leo Cadogan Rare Books in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Pamphlets","Shipping","Commercial law","International trade","Shipment of goods -- Law and legislation","Shipping companies (Marine transportation)","Consuls","Quaker businesspeople","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCity of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In \u003ctitle\u003ePaternalism to Partnership\u003c/title\u003e. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFounder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["City of Bordeaux Website. n.d. \"The Chartreuse Cemetery.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.bordeaux.fr/le-cimetiere-de-la-chartreuse.","DeJong, David H. 2021. \"John M. Mason: Superintendent of Indian Trade (October 1807–April 1, 1816).\" In Paternalism to Partnership. The Administration of Indian Affairs, 1786–2021. University of Nebraska Press. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2cw0sp9.11.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"BG John Mason (1766-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/43974818/john-mason.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Joseph Fenwick (1765-1849).\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/280623431/joseph-fenwick.","Founder of the Day. 2020. \"Joseph Fenwick First Consul to Bordeaux.\" November 16. https://www.founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/joseph-fenwick-bordeaux.","Gunston Hall Archives. n.d. \"Guide to the John Mason Papers.\" Accessed August 5, 2026. https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026amp; Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fenwick of Maryland, born in 1765, is best remembered for his role as first U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, France. He was commissioned by President George Washington in 1790, having been recommended by both Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) and George Mason (1725-1792). Following the Revolutionary War, Joseph and his brother James founded and jointly operated a shipping company based in Bordeaux and Georgetown. Soon after, John M. Mason, son of George Mason, joined the company as a third partner and the name was changed to Fenwick, Mason \u0026 Company. In November 1792, while still based in Bordeaux, Joseph married Catherine Eleonore de Menoire and the pair would go on to have two children. Joseph passed away on November 24, 1849 at the age of 83 or 84 and is buried in the Cimetière de la Chartreuse, Bordeaux's oldest and largest cemetery.","John M. Mason was born on April 4, 1766, in Charles County, Maryland to George and Ann (Eilbeck) Mason of Gunston Hall. His father, officially George Mason IV, was one of fifty-five delegates sent to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, although he did not sign the constitution due to concerns over the scope of federal authority. Following a two-year mercantile trade apprenticeship in Alexandria, Virginia with William Hartshorn, a Quaker businessman, John formally began his merchant career in 1788 alongside Joseph and James Fenwick of Maryland, managing the business in Bordeaux, France until 1792 when he returned to the United States and took over management of the company in Georgetown. In 1798, he became president of the Bank of Columbia and in 1796 he became a director of the Potowmack Canal Company, going on to assume the role of president in 1817. In 1796, John married Ann Maria Murray of Annapolis, Maryland and the couple would go on to have ten childre. The family lived in both Georgetown and a mansion on Analostan Island (now known as Theodore Roosevelt Island). John passed away on March 9, 1849 at the age of 82 and is buried in Christ Church Episcopal Cemetery in Alexandria, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets regarding Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company legal cases and appeals, C0550, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from May-June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from July-August 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0340\"\u003eLetters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0357\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gunston Hall Library \u0026amp; Archives holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.gunstonhall.com/library/archives/finding_aids/jm_mason_finding_aid.html\"\u003eJohn Mason Papers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds Letters from John Caygill to Josias Clapham regarding cargo shipments, and Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia.","The Gunston Hall Library \u0026 Archives holds the John Mason Papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company. Papers originally kept in document enclosure with name \"Fenwick\" on front suggesting these materials were collected together by Joseph Fenwick. One of the two handwritten letters is dated 1794 in Philadelphia, while the other is undated.","The papers include five printed legal appeal pamphlets, each found along the edge with string. Four of these concern a lengthy dispute between Fenwick and Jonathan Jones, a Quaker from Philadelphia living in Bordeaux, France, with one pamphlet including a duplicate manuscript version with handwritten annotations. The case involved Jones chartering a ship from Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company to move goods from French Indian Ocean colonies to France by way of the neutral America, which was viewed to be in violation of British trade provisions during the Napoleonic Wars, leading to the capture of the ship and its cargo, which was brought to Halifax, Canada. John Mason retrieved the goods from Canada and sold it at a loss, and the apportioning of this became the subject of years long legal proceedings detailed in these pamphlets. The collection's two handwritten letters are French translations of correspondence related to the Jones dispute and referenced in the one of the pamphlets, one dated December 4, 1794 in Philadelphia and addressed to Fenwick from John Mason and one dated May 24, 1794 in Georgetown from Mason to a colleague named Gabriac.","The fifth pamphlet concerns a different legal case involving the 1798 capture by the French of an American ship named \"The Union\" captained by Abel Lunt of Newburyport, Massachusetts. The pamphlet details that following legal appeals the value of the ship and cargo, plus interest, were awarded to Lunt through Fenwick as proxy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14aa3143d4760967fabd465728b68141\"\u003eLetters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026amp; Company.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letters and pamphlets collected by Joseph Fenwick concerning legal cases and appeals related to his international trade issues involving Fenwick, Mason, \u0026 Company."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cfd66f15e6b713f3605d91d08bfe8e3a\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mason, Fenwick and Company","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"persname_ssim":["Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason, Fenwick and Company","Fenwick, Joseph, 1762-1849","Lunt, Abel, 1769-1806","Mason, John, 1766-1849"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_775"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"United Negro and Allied Veterans of America","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Small illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_724.xml","title_filing_ssi":"United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet","title_ssm":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet"],"title_tesim":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1946"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946"],"text":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946","C0436","/repositories/2/resources/724","African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Pamphlets","Social justice","African American veterans","Veterans","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Herbold, Hilary. 1994. \"Never a Level Playing Field: Blacks and the GI Bill.\" The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 6, 104–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2962479.","Sipe, Richard. 2016. \"The Death Knell for Jim Crow: How African-American Soldiers' Experiences Abroad Impacted the Modern Civil Rights Movement.\" MAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference, March. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/madrush/2016/InternationalDiplomacy/3.","The United Negro and Allied Veterans Association (also known as UNAVA) was organized by African American soldiers upon their return to the United States following World War II circa 1945-1946. The organization was in part formed in response to the refusal of the Veterans Administration to grant the claims of African American veterans or provide the same access to the G.I. Bill benefits as white veterans. Membership in UNAVA was aimed at both African American veterans and white veterans who had served with African Americans in desegregated units. The organization of UNAVA, like the NAACP, represented an early development in the formal Civil Rights movement of the 1950s-1960s.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in September 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in October 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Philip Levy civil rights collection.","Small illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA). Cover includes an illustrated portrait of Honorary National Commander Joe Louis and a quote attributed to Louis reading \"Is America going to fulfill its promises to us? We say America must! That is why we are organizing.\" Pamphlet is small, measuring approximately 5.25\" x 4\" and consists of 16 pages of text and black and white illustrations. The last two interior pages include blank forms to be used to become a member of UNAVA and to form a local chapter if none already exists. The back cover includes a blank form to be used to forward the pamphlet to another veteran. Pamphlet originally included a UNAVA eagle pin that is missing.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Small illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA).","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Negro and Allied Veterans of America","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946"],"collection_ssim":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0436","/repositories/2/resources/724"],"unitid_tesim":["C0436","/repositories/2/resources/724"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America"],"creator_ssim":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Negro and Allied Veterans of America"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Negro and Allied Veterans of America"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Caroliniana Rare Books by Lynn Eaton in 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Pamphlets","Social justice","African American veterans","Veterans"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Pamphlets","Social justice","African American veterans","Veterans"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbold, Hilary. 1994. \"Never a Level Playing Field: Blacks and the GI Bill.\" \u003ctitle\u003eThe Journal of Blacks in Higher Education\u003c/title\u003e, no. 6, 104–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2962479.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSipe, Richard. 2016. \"The Death Knell for Jim Crow: How African-American Soldiers' Experiences Abroad Impacted the Modern Civil Rights Movement.\" \u003ctitle\u003eMAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference\u003c/title\u003e, March. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/madrush/2016/InternationalDiplomacy/3.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Herbold, Hilary. 1994. \"Never a Level Playing Field: Blacks and the GI Bill.\" The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 6, 104–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2962479.","Sipe, Richard. 2016. \"The Death Knell for Jim Crow: How African-American Soldiers' Experiences Abroad Impacted the Modern Civil Rights Movement.\" MAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference, March. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/madrush/2016/InternationalDiplomacy/3."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Negro and Allied Veterans Association (also known as UNAVA) was organized by African American soldiers upon their return to the United States following World War II circa 1945-1946. The organization was in part formed in response to the refusal of the Veterans Administration to grant the claims of African American veterans or provide the same access to the G.I. Bill benefits as white veterans. Membership in UNAVA was aimed at both African American veterans and white veterans who had served with African Americans in desegregated units. The organization of UNAVA, like the NAACP, represented an early development in the formal Civil Rights movement of the 1950s-1960s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United Negro and Allied Veterans Association (also known as UNAVA) was organized by African American soldiers upon their return to the United States following World War II circa 1945-1946. The organization was in part formed in response to the refusal of the Veterans Administration to grant the claims of African American veterans or provide the same access to the G.I. Bill benefits as white veterans. Membership in UNAVA was aimed at both African American veterans and white veterans who had served with African Americans in desegregated units. The organization of UNAVA, like the NAACP, represented an early development in the formal Civil Rights movement of the 1950s-1960s."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, C0436, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, C0436, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in September 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in September 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in October 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0121\"\u003ePhilip Levy civil rights collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Philip Levy civil rights collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSmall illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA). Cover includes an illustrated portrait of Honorary National Commander Joe Louis and a quote attributed to Louis reading \"Is America going to fulfill its promises to us? We say America must! That is why we are organizing.\" Pamphlet is small, measuring approximately 5.25\" x 4\" and consists of 16 pages of text and black and white illustrations. The last two interior pages include blank forms to be used to become a member of UNAVA and to form a local chapter if none already exists. The back cover includes a blank form to be used to forward the pamphlet to another veteran. Pamphlet originally included a UNAVA eagle pin that is missing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Small illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA). Cover includes an illustrated portrait of Honorary National Commander Joe Louis and a quote attributed to Louis reading \"Is America going to fulfill its promises to us? We say America must! That is why we are organizing.\" Pamphlet is small, measuring approximately 5.25\" x 4\" and consists of 16 pages of text and black and white illustrations. The last two interior pages include blank forms to be used to become a member of UNAVA and to form a local chapter if none already exists. The back cover includes a blank form to be used to forward the pamphlet to another veteran. Pamphlet originally included a UNAVA eagle pin that is missing."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5e1f46b1506e86425eeb0378fced6fe1\"\u003eSmall illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Small illustrated pamphlet used to promote awareness of and membership in the United Negro and Allied Veterans of America (UNAVA)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e55344e70f1f2a027d91a0d571ecd5cb\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Negro and Allied Veterans of America"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Negro and Allied Veterans of America"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_724","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_724.xml","title_filing_ssi":"United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet","title_ssm":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet"],"title_tesim":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1946"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946"],"text":["United Negro and Allied Veterans of America pamphlet, 1946","C0436","/repositories/2/resources/724","African Americans","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century","Pamphlets","Social justice","African American veterans","Veterans","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Herbold, Hilary. 1994. \"Never a Level Playing Field: Blacks and the GI Bill.\" The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 6, 104–8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2962479.","Sipe, Richard. 2016. \"The Death Knell for Jim Crow: How African-American Soldiers' Experiences Abroad Impacted the Modern Civil Rights Movement.\" MAD-RUSH Undergraduate Research Conference, March. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/madrush/2016/InternationalDiplomacy/3.","The United Negro and Allied Veterans Association (also known as UNAVA) was organized by African American soldiers upon their return to the United States following World War II circa 1945-1946. 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