{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Nautical+charts\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Paul+Stevens+map+collection\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Nautical+charts\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Paul+Stevens+map+collection\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"A chart of the Gulf Stream","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c01","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c01"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c01","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","parent_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"text":["Paul Stevens map collection","A chart of the Gulf Stream","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Atlantic Ocean","Gulf Stream","North Atlantic Ocean","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","English .","Drawer 122 : L : 3","Section 3","Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Scale [ca. 1:38,000,000]. Includes inset of North Atlantic and text in left margin,\"Remarks upon the Navigation from Newfoundland to New York in order to avoid the Gulf Stream\" by Benjamin Franklin. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures. Includes illustrations. Oriented north to the top, with latitude and longitude lines. Contains note in upper right margin, \"plate 5\" and in lower margin, \"facing page 315\". Name on item, James Poupard, Sculp."],"title_filing_ssi":"A chart of the Gulf Stream","title_ssm":["A chart of the Gulf Stream"],"title_tesim":["A chart of the Gulf Stream"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1786"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A chart of the Gulf Stream"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"extent_ssm":["1 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["1 Sheets"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 map ; uncolored"],"dimensions_tesim":["21 x 26 cm, on sheet 26 x 40 cm"],"creator_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"date_range_isim":[1786],"names_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790"],"persname_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790"],"geogname_ssim":["Atlantic Ocean","Gulf Stream","North Atlantic Ocean"],"geogname_ssm":["Atlantic Ocean","Gulf Stream","North Atlantic Ocean"],"places_ssim":["Atlantic Ocean","Gulf Stream","North Atlantic Ocean"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Drawer 122 : L : 3","Section 3"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created/Published"],"odd_tesim":["Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_10162ffc4481a865d94fc104bc9e2418\"\u003eScale [ca. 1:38,000,000]. Includes inset of North Atlantic and text in left margin,\"Remarks upon the Navigation from Newfoundland to New York in order to avoid the Gulf Stream\" by Benjamin Franklin. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures. Includes illustrations. Oriented north to the top, with latitude and longitude lines. Contains note in upper right margin, \"plate 5\" and in lower margin, \"facing page 315\". Name on item, James Poupard, Sculp.\u003c/materialspec\u003e"],"materialspec_tesim":["Scale [ca. 1:38,000,000]. Includes inset of North Atlantic and text in left margin,\"Remarks upon the Navigation from Newfoundland to New York in order to avoid the Gulf Stream\" by Benjamin Franklin. Relief shown pictorially and by hachures. Includes illustrations. Oriented north to the top, with latitude and longitude lines. Contains note in upper right margin, \"plate 5\" and in lower margin, \"facing page 315\". Name on item, James Poupard, Sculp."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_3_resources_79.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Stevens map collection","title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1541-1778"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1541-1778"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"text":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79","Paul Stevens map collection","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size.","Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.","Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?","Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.","The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624","English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["26 Sheets"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"date_range_isim":[1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and filed according to size.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Robert Sayer, 1763\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Christopher Browne, 1689\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Antoine Sartine, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon: Herman Moll, 1728\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Thomas Salmon, 1738\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt: John Smith, 1627?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Ralph Hall, 1636\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published"],"odd_tesim":["Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related references"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier"],"persname_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"language_ssim":["English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c01"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les bas fonds, passes, entrées, sondes et routes ou l'on donne les parties navigables des rivieres Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","parent_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"text":["Paul Stevens map collection","Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les bas fonds, passes, entrées, sondes et routes ou l'on donne les parties navigables des rivieres Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","French .","Drawer 122 : L : 2","Section 1","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","Scale not determined. Oriented north to the right. Depths shown by soundings. Includes inset map of Herring Bay in Maryland. Includes title cartouche. Includes notes, observations, and distance charts."],"title_filing_ssi":"Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les bas fonds, passes, entrées, sondes et routes ou l'on donne les parties navigables des rivieres Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est","title_ssm":["Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les bas fonds, passes, entrées, sondes et routes ou l'on donne les parties navigables des rivieres Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est"],"title_tesim":["Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les bas fonds, passes, entrées, sondes et routes ou l'on donne les parties navigables des rivieres Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1778"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1778"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Baye de Chesapeake en 4 feuilles avec les bas fonds, passes, entrées, sondes et routes ou l'on donne les parties navigables des rivieres Patowmack, Patapsco, et Nord-Est"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"extent_ssm":["1 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["1 Sheets"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 map ; 1 inset map ; uncolored"],"dimensions_tesim":["135 x 93 cm, on sheet 141 x 99 cm"],"creator_ssim":["Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"date_range_isim":[1778],"names_ssim":["Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys"],"persname_ssim":["Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys"],"geogname_ssim":["Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland"],"geogname_ssm":["Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland"],"places_ssim":["Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"language_ssim":["French ."],"containers_ssim":["Drawer 122 : L : 2","Section 1"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created / Published"],"odd_tesim":["Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h"],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_4c9cdd8f4cba628a3d33fee0557a43df\"\u003eScale not determined. Oriented north to the right. Depths shown by soundings. Includes inset map of Herring Bay in Maryland. Includes title cartouche. Includes notes, observations, and distance charts.\u003c/materialspec\u003e"],"materialspec_tesim":["Scale not determined. Oriented north to the right. Depths shown by soundings. Includes inset map of Herring Bay in Maryland. Includes title cartouche. Includes notes, observations, and distance charts."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_3_resources_79.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Stevens map collection","title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1541-1778"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1541-1778"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"text":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79","Paul Stevens map collection","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size.","Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.","Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?","Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.","The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624","English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    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Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and filed according to size.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Robert Sayer, 1763\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Christopher Browne, 1689\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Antoine Sartine, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon: Herman Moll, 1728\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Thomas Salmon, 1738\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt: John Smith, 1627?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Ralph Hall, 1636\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published"],"odd_tesim":["Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related references"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier"],"persname_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"language_ssim":["English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c07"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Carte de la baie de Chesapeake et de la partie navigable des rivières, James, York, Patowmack, Patuxen, Patapsco, North-East, Choptank et Pokomack","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c08","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c08"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c08","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","parent_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"text":["Paul Stevens map collection","Carte de la baie de Chesapeake et de la partie navigable des rivières, James, York, Patowmack, Patuxen, Patapsco, North-East, Choptank et Pokomack","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","French .","Drawer 122 : L : 2","Section 1","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Scale ca. 1:525,000. Scale listed as \"La Brasse Angloise est eagle a 5 pieds 7p. 6 2/3 Measure de France\". Scale of inset listed as \"de deux Lieues Marines, N.B. Les Chiffres indiguent les profondeurs de l'Eau en Pieds. Anglois de n Pouces 3 lig. 1/9 de celui de France\". Includes several observation and instruction tables of reference that provide further information. Depths shown by soundings. Oriented with north to the right. Latitude Septentionale is noted on the bottom, Longitude Occidental du Meridien du Paris is noted on the left,  PRIX Trois Livres is noted on the bottom right. Includes inset map of De la Baie Herring en Maryland (Herring Bay in Maryland)."],"title_filing_ssi":"Carte de la baie de Chesapeake et de la partie navigable des rivières, James, York, Patowmack, Patuxen, Patapsco, North-East, Choptank et Pokomack","title_ssm":["Carte de la baie de Chesapeake et de la partie navigable des rivières, James, York, Patowmack, Patuxen, Patapsco, North-East, Choptank et Pokomack"],"title_tesim":["Carte de la baie de Chesapeake et de la partie navigable des rivières, James, York, Patowmack, Patuxen, Patapsco, North-East, Choptank et Pokomack"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1778"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1778"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carte de la baie de Chesapeake et de la partie navigable des rivières, James, York, Patowmack, Patuxen, Patapsco, North-East, Choptank et Pokomack"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"extent_ssm":["1 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["1 Sheets"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 map ; uncolored"],"dimensions_tesim":["87 x 59 cm, on sheet 95 x 65 cm"],"creator_ssim":["Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"date_range_isim":[1778],"names_ssim":["Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801"],"persname_ssim":["Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801"],"geogname_ssim":["Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland"],"geogname_ssm":["Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland"],"places_ssim":["Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.)","Virginia","Maryland"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"language_ssim":["French ."],"containers_ssim":["Drawer 122 : L : 2","Section 1"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eParis : Antoine Sartine, 1778\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created / Published"],"odd_tesim":["Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778"],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_14d74b6958111950da773c2a7cfd30bf\"\u003eScale ca. 1:525,000. Scale listed as \"La Brasse Angloise est eagle a 5 pieds 7p. 6 2/3 Measure de France\". Scale of inset listed as \"de deux Lieues Marines, N.B. Les Chiffres indiguent les profondeurs de l'Eau en Pieds. Anglois de n Pouces 3 lig. 1/9 de celui de France\". Includes several observation and instruction tables of reference that provide further information. Depths shown by soundings. Oriented with north to the right. Latitude Septentionale is noted on the bottom, Longitude Occidental du Meridien du Paris is noted on the left,  PRIX Trois Livres is noted on the bottom right. Includes inset map of De la Baie Herring en Maryland (Herring Bay in Maryland).\u003c/materialspec\u003e"],"materialspec_tesim":["Scale ca. 1:525,000. Scale listed as \"La Brasse Angloise est eagle a 5 pieds 7p. 6 2/3 Measure de France\". Scale of inset listed as \"de deux Lieues Marines, N.B. Les Chiffres indiguent les profondeurs de l'Eau en Pieds. Anglois de n Pouces 3 lig. 1/9 de celui de France\". Includes several observation and instruction tables of reference that provide further information. Depths shown by soundings. Oriented with north to the right. Latitude Septentionale is noted on the bottom, Longitude Occidental du Meridien du Paris is noted on the left,  PRIX Trois Livres is noted on the bottom right. Includes inset map of De la Baie Herring en Maryland (Herring Bay in Maryland)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_3_resources_79.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Stevens map collection","title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1541-1778"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1541-1778"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"text":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79","Paul Stevens map collection","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size.","Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.","Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?","Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.","The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624","English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["26 Sheets"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"date_range_isim":[1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and filed according to size.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Robert Sayer, 1763\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Christopher Browne, 1689\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Antoine Sartine, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon: Herman Moll, 1728\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Thomas Salmon, 1738\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt: John Smith, 1627?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Ralph Hall, 1636\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published"],"odd_tesim":["Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related references"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier"],"persname_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"language_ssim":["English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79_c08"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Paul Stevens map collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_3_resources_79.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Stevens map collection","title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1541-1778"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1541-1778"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"text":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79","Paul Stevens map collection","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size.","Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.","Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?","Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.","The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624","English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["26 Sheets"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"date_range_isim":[1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and filed according to size.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Robert Sayer, 1763\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Christopher Browne, 1689\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Antoine Sartine, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon: Herman Moll, 1728\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Thomas Salmon, 1738\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt: John Smith, 1627?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Ralph Hall, 1636\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published"],"odd_tesim":["Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related references"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier"],"persname_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"language_ssim":["English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:46:39.072Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_3_resources_79.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Paul Stevens map collection","title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1541-1778"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1541-1778"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"text":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79","Paul Stevens map collection","Maps (documents)","Nautical charts","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size.","Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.","Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?","Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.","The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624","English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2020.SC.024","/repositories/3/resources/79"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"collection_ssim":["Paul Stevens map collection"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["26 Sheets"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)","Nautical charts"],"date_range_isim":[1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and filed according to size.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically and filed according to size."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Schott Stevens donated the collection of maps to the Washington Library in 2020."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Robert Sayer, 1763\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Christopher Browne, 1689\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Antoine Sartine, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon: Herman Moll, 1728\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Thomas Salmon, 1738\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt: John Smith, 1627?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Ralph Hall, 1636\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created / Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published","Created/Published"],"odd_tesim":["Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin and American Philosophical Society, James Poupard, Sculp., 1786","London : Robert Sayer, 1763","London : London Magazine : T. Kitchin Geog., 1761","London : Christopher Browne, 1689","Frankfurt : John White and Theodore De Bry, 1590","Antwerp : Abraham Ortelius, 1570","Paris : Le Rouge, Smith, 1778","Paris : Antoine Sartine, 1778","Amsterdam : Jean Covens and Corneille Mortier, 1758","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle and Philippe Bauch, 1718","Paris : Giles Robert de Vaugondy, 1755","Paris : Guillaume De L'Isle, 1703","Amsterdam or Cologne : Francis Drake, 1596","London: Herman Moll, 1728","Leiden : Joannes De Laet, 1630","London : Thomas Salmon, 1738","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1618","Amsterdam : William Janszoon Bleau, D.Gryp Sculpt, 1630","Strasbourg : Lorenz Fries, 1541","London : John Smith, Robert Vaugondy, printed by James Reeve, 1627","London : Henry Briggs, R. Elstracke Sculpsit, 1625","Frankfurt: John Smith, 1627?","London : Ralph Hall, 1636","London : John Smith, William Hole, [1606-1626]","Amsterdam : Jodocus Hondius, 1601?"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Paul Stevens collection of Maps, [Folder], Special Collections, The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon,"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related references"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Also appears in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1786.","Also appears in: Atlas minor, or a new and curious set of sixty-two maps. London : printed for Tho. Bowles and John Bowles, 1736-1745."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains 26 maps of the New World, dating 1541-1778, which illustrate the progression of European geographic knowledge about Virginia and North America from the 16th through the 18th centuries","\"Theodore De Bry's engraving of John White's manuscript map was the first finely-detailed view of a North American landscape. It depicts English claims to \"Virginia,\" which at the time encompassed both modern Virginia and North Carolina. Created in the wake of the failed English settlement at Roanoke Island, De Bry's color engraving visualizes English understanding of indigenous political communities such as the Secotan, Chawanook, and Weapemeoc peoples. At right, the ships heading into the Chesapeake Bay suggest future pathways for settlement and commerce.\"  -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\" https://collections.leventhalmap.org/search/commonwealth:z603vv10h","\"Originally published in 1753, the Fry-Jefferson map was the most accurate map of Virginia at that time. This French version was printed at the beginning of the French and Indian War, which began when Governor Robert Dinwiddie ordered George Washington and his Virginia troops to drive the French off British-claimed land. Most of the indigenous names featured in John Smith's map are gone, replaced by Anglo-American settlements.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Europeans had a more precise understanding of North America and the Caribbean by the early 18th century. Guillaume De L'Isle drew on earlier French expeditions into the continental interior to create the first accurate map of the Mississippi River. His use of color falsely implies fixed borders between competing European and indigenous peoples.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","\"Thirty years after Martin Waldseemüller printed one of the first maps of the Americas, Lorenz Fries published an updated European perspective on the New World. \"Terra Incognita\" on Waldseemüller's map has become \"Terra Nova\" on Fries's. The Castilian flag marks Spanish territorial claims in the Caribbean, while the continent's indigenous people are caricatured as primitive, reflecting common European misperceptions of native cultures.\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection","The first printed map in English to show California as an island, with flat northern coast.","\"From Theodore de Bry's Grand Voyages, Dreyzehender Theil Americae published by Matheus Merian. This German version of Captain John Smith's map of Virginia depicts the English colony shortly after Jamestown's 1607 founding. Powhatan, the principal chief of the indigenous confederacy that dominated the region, presides in the upper left corner. The rivers command our attention. The English expected to settle the interior by following waterways upstream. In time, tobacco plantations worked by indentured servants and slaves replaced the indigenous settlements that dotted these rivers. The Potomac River is visible just above the \"SA\" in \"Chesapeak Bay.\"\" -- Mapping the \"New World\": Highlights from the Paul Schott Stevens Collection"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier","Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Cóvens et Mortier"],"persname_ssim":["Poupard, James","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Browne, Christopher, active 1684-1712","White, John, active 1585-1593","Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598","Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621","Ortelius, Abraham, 1527-1598","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Sartine, Antoine de, comte d'Alby, 1729-1801","L'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726","Buache, Philippe, 1700-1773","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596","Moll, Herman, -1732","Laet, Joannes de, 1581-1649","Salmon, Thomas, 1679-1767","Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612","Gryp, Dirck","Blaeu, Willem Janszoon, 1571-1638","Fries, Lorenz, approximately 1490-1531","Smith, John, 1580-1631","Briggs, Henry, 1561-1630","Elstracke, Renold, active 1590-1630","Hall, Ralph, active 1637","Hole, William, -1624"],"language_ssim":["English \n,        French \n,        German \n,        Latin \n.    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