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Gairing \u0026 Co., Chicago photography studio. The photograph depicts six men seated on a stage wearing blackface, with the leader, a white woman (presumably Norine Carman) standing on a pedestal in the center. The photograph is inscribed and reads \"With Best Wishes to - The Orchestra Boy - from Norine Carman Minstrels[.]\" The photograph was used to advertise the show in various newspapers across America. On the verso is another inscription that reads \"Norine Carman Minstrels[.]\"","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Content warning: Racist imagery depicting minstrelsy and blackface.\n\nBlack and white photograph of Norine Carman's Minstrels, an American minstrel show, taken circa 1916 by C.F. 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Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Minstrel Show.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed October 8, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/art/minstrel-show.","\"Carman's Minstrels, Big Feature Act On New Bill At The Orpheum Tomorrow[.]\" The Ogden Standard. April 19, 1916. Accessed through Chronicling America, Library of  Congress.","Glomska, Hanna, et al. \"History[.]\" American Minstrel Show Collection finding aid, 2002. Princeton University Library, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was a racist form of entertainment that was most popular from 1850 through 1870, but continued in the vaudeville world through the early 20th century.  Blackface minstrelsy consisted of white performers in blackface depicting racist caricatures of African Americans, usually enslaved persons. Minstrel shows evolved and eventually all-Black troupes performed and were just as popular as blackface minstrelsy. 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The photograph is inscribed and reads \"With Best Wishes to - The Orchestra Boy - from Norine Carman Minstrels[.]\" The photograph was used to advertise the show in various newspapers across America. On the verso is another inscription that reads \"Norine Carman Minstrels[.]\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_956d356bf94c52904d55132848d79fea\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eContent warning: Racist imagery depicting minstrelsy and blackface.\n\nBlack and white photograph of Norine Carman's Minstrels, an American minstrel show, taken circa 1916 by C.F. Gairing \u0026amp; Co., Chicago photography studio.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Content warning: Racist imagery depicting minstrelsy and blackface.\n\nBlack and white photograph of Norine Carman's Minstrels, an American minstrel show, taken circa 1916 by C.F. Gairing \u0026 Co., Chicago photography studio."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C.F. Gairing \u0026 Company Photography Studio"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C.F. 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Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Minstrel Show.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed October 8, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/art/minstrel-show.","\"Carman's Minstrels, Big Feature Act On New Bill At The Orpheum Tomorrow[.]\" The Ogden Standard. April 19, 1916. Accessed through Chronicling America, Library of  Congress.","Glomska, Hanna, et al. \"History[.]\" American Minstrel Show Collection finding aid, 2002. Princeton University Library, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.","The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was a racist form of entertainment that was most popular from 1850 through 1870, but continued in the vaudeville world through the early 20th century.  Blackface minstrelsy consisted of white performers in blackface depicting racist caricatures of African Americans, usually enslaved persons. Minstrel shows evolved and eventually all-Black troupes performed and were just as popular as blackface minstrelsy. 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Gairing \u0026 Co., Chicago photography studio. The photograph depicts six men seated on a stage wearing blackface, with the leader, a white woman (presumably Norine Carman) standing on a pedestal in the center. The photograph is inscribed and reads \"With Best Wishes to - The Orchestra Boy - from Norine Carman Minstrels[.]\" The photograph was used to advertise the show in various newspapers across America. On the verso is another inscription that reads \"Norine Carman Minstrels[.]\"","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Content warning: Racist imagery depicting minstrelsy and blackface.\n\nBlack and white photograph of Norine Carman's Minstrels, an American minstrel show, taken circa 1916 by C.F. 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Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Minstrel Show.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed October 8, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/art/minstrel-show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Carman's Minstrels, Big Feature Act On New Bill At The Orpheum Tomorrow[.]\" The Ogden Standard. April 19, 1916. Accessed through Chronicling America, Library of  Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlomska, Hanna, et al. \"History[.]\" American Minstrel Show Collection finding aid, 2002. Princeton University Library, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Blackface: The Birth of An American Stereotype.\" National Museum of African American History and Culture, accessed October 8, 2021. https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/blackface-birth-american-stereotype.","Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Minstrel Show.\" Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed October 8, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/art/minstrel-show.","\"Carman's Minstrels, Big Feature Act On New Bill At The Orpheum Tomorrow[.]\" The Ogden Standard. April 19, 1916. Accessed through Chronicling America, Library of  Congress.","Glomska, Hanna, et al. \"History[.]\" American Minstrel Show Collection finding aid, 2002. Princeton University Library, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was a racist form of entertainment that was most popular from 1850 through 1870, but continued in the vaudeville world through the early 20th century.  Blackface minstrelsy consisted of white performers in blackface depicting racist caricatures of African Americans, usually enslaved persons. Minstrel shows evolved and eventually all-Black troupes performed and were just as popular as blackface minstrelsy. 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