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Britt, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert S. Britt, Jr. papers, 1930/1962"],"text":["Albert S. Britt, Jr. papers, 1930/1962","MS.0048","/repositories/3/resources/132","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1930","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1930-1939","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1920-1929","Great Britain. Army—Staff College, Camberley","Virginia Military Institute—Scrapbooks","Military records","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","Photographs","There are no restrictions.","Albert Sidney Britt, Jr. was born in 1908 in Nashville, Tennessee. He matriculated into VMI on September 14, 1926 and graduated on June 11, 1930. Britt was an United States Army officer from 1930 to 1962 and President of the Georgia Historical Society. 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The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Britt, Albert S., Jr. (Albert Sidney), 1908-1992"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Britt, Albert S., Jr. (Albert Sidney), 1908-1992"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_132"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_418","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"David L. 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Ruffner collection"],"title_tesim":["David L. Ruffner collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-1957"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1957"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David L. Ruffner collection, 1940/1957"],"text":["David L. Ruffner collection, 1940/1957","MS.0338","/repositories/3/resources/418","Colorado -- Camp Hale","Germany -- Nuremberg","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1917","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","United States. -- Army. -- Mountain Division, 10th","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Italy","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). -- Office of Military Government","Scrapbooks","Certificates","Military records","There are no restrictions","David Lewis Ruffner was born in 1896 in Charleston, West Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1917. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1917","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","United States. -- Army. -- Mountain Division, 10th","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Italy","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). -- Office of Military Government","Scrapbooks","Certificates","Military records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1917","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","United States. 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Ruffner collection, 1940/1957","MS.0338","/repositories/3/resources/418","Colorado -- Camp Hale","Germany -- Nuremberg","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1917","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","United States. -- Army. -- Mountain Division, 10th","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Italy","Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945-1955 : U.S. Zone). -- Office of Military Government","Scrapbooks","Certificates","Military records","There are no restrictions","David Lewis Ruffner was born in 1896 in Charleston, West Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1917. From 1917 to 1953 he was an United States Army officer, and retired with the rank of Major General. Ruffner died in 1973 in Metarie, Louisiana.","This collection consists of the professional and personal papers of David L. Ruffner, including:\n\nTwo scrapbooks dating from his United States Army career. 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From 1917 to 1953 he was an United States Army officer, and retired with the rank of Major General. Ruffner died in 1973 in Metarie, Louisiana.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["David Lewis Ruffner was born in 1896 in Charleston, West Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1917. From 1917 to 1953 he was an United States Army officer, and retired with the rank of Major General. Ruffner died in 1973 in Metarie, Louisiana."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDavid L. Ruffner collection, 1940-1957. MS 0338. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["David L. Ruffner collection, 1940-1957. MS 0338. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the professional and personal papers of David L. Ruffner, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo scrapbooks dating from his United States Army career. The first scrapbook (1943-1946) includes information about the 10th Mountain Division in Italy. The second scrapbook (1948-1950) covers his assignment at  Nuremberg Military Post, Germany.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA personal scrapbook and albums (circa 1947)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificates and awards\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eField Artillery School Annual, \"The Shrapnel\" (1925)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA guest book for Ruffner and his wife (1949-1957)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArmy personnel records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the professional and personal papers of David L. Ruffner, including:\n\nTwo scrapbooks dating from his United States Army career. The first scrapbook (1943-1946) includes information about the 10th Mountain Division in Italy. The second scrapbook (1948-1950) covers his assignment at  Nuremberg Military Post, Germany.\nA personal scrapbook and albums (circa 1947)\nCertificates and awards\nPhotographs\nField Artillery School Annual, \"The Shrapnel\" (1925)\nA guest book for Ruffner and his wife (1949-1957)\nArmy personnel records"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMedals and other artifacts are located in the VMI Museum.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Medals and other artifacts are located in the VMI Museum."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ae7707b9dd1bfd9bb0c2ece4c8e78874\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ruffner, David L. (David Lewis), 1896-1973"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ruffner, David L. (David Lewis), 1896-1973"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_418"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gilbert L. Newbold papers, 1944/1972","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Newbold, Gilbert L. (Gilbert Lawrie), 1920-1979","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection (approximately 100 items) consists of papers from the career of Gilbert L. Newbold. The papers are primarily concerned with Newbold's career with the United States Information Agency and Voice of America (VOA) in Southeast Asia during the 1950s and 1960s, and includes letters and memos concerning the VOA operation in South Vietnam. Other items include his military personnel records and documents from his State Department assignments.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_347.xml","title_ssm":["Gilbert L. Newbold papers"],"title_tesim":["Gilbert L. Newbold papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gilbert L. Newbold papers, 1944/1972"],"text":["Gilbert L. 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He graduated from VMI in 1942. During World War II he was an intelligence officer. After the War he was a State Deptartment foreign service officer, and was Chief East Asia and Pacific Branch, United States Information Agency/Voice of America during the 1950s and 1960s. Newbold died in 1979 in Roanoke, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Gilbert Lawrie Newbold was born in 1920 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He graduated from VMI in 1942. During World War II he was an intelligence officer. After the War he was a State Deptartment foreign service officer, and was Chief East Asia and Pacific Branch, United States Information Agency/Voice of America during the 1950s and 1960s. Newbold died in 1979 in Roanoke, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGilbert L. Newbold papers. Manuscript # 0265, Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gilbert L. Newbold papers. Manuscript # 0265, Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection (approximately 100 items) consists of papers from the career of Gilbert L. Newbold. The papers are primarily concerned with Newbold's career with the United States Information Agency and Voice of America (VOA) in Southeast Asia during the 1950s and 1960s, and includes letters and memos concerning the VOA operation in South Vietnam. Other items include his military personnel records and documents from his State Department assignments.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection (approximately 100 items) consists of papers from the career of Gilbert L. Newbold. The papers are primarily concerned with Newbold's career with the United States Information Agency and Voice of America (VOA) in Southeast Asia during the 1950s and 1960s, and includes letters and memos concerning the VOA operation in South Vietnam. Other items include his military personnel records and documents from his State Department assignments."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5af18fb0c6d7853d94a7a9a09f5a6f62\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Newbold, Gilbert L. (Gilbert Lawrie), 1920-1979"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Newbold, Gilbert L. 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Manuscript # 0265, Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection (approximately 100 items) consists of papers from the career of Gilbert L. Newbold. The papers are primarily concerned with Newbold's career with the United States Information Agency and Voice of America (VOA) in Southeast Asia during the 1950s and 1960s, and includes letters and memos concerning the VOA operation in South Vietnam. Other items include his military personnel records and documents from his State Department assignments.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection (approximately 100 items) consists of papers from the career of Gilbert L. Newbold. The papers are primarily concerned with Newbold's career with the United States Information Agency and Voice of America (VOA) in Southeast Asia during the 1950s and 1960s, and includes letters and memos concerning the VOA operation in South Vietnam. Other items include his military personnel records and documents from his State Department assignments."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5af18fb0c6d7853d94a7a9a09f5a6f62\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Newbold, Gilbert L. (Gilbert Lawrie), 1920-1979"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Newbold, Gilbert L. (Gilbert Lawrie), 1920-1979"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_347"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_531","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry J. 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Foresman, including: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld War II service records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtensive information regarding Foresman and Joyce family genealogy (his maternal ancestors), including Daughters of the American Revolution application material that traces his maternal ancestry to Revolutionary War soldier Dominicus Libby\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiographical information\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersonal correspondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificates\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_531#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_531","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_531","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_531","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_531","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_531.xml","title_ssm":["Henry J. 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Foresman, including:\n\nWorld War II service records\nExtensive information regarding Foresman and Joyce family genealogy (his maternal ancestors), including Daughters of the American Revolution application material that traces his maternal ancestry to Revolutionary War soldier Dominicus Libby\nBiographical information\nPersonal correspondence\nCertificates\nPhotographs","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Foresman family","Joyce family","Libby family","Foresman, Henry J. (Henry Joyce), 1919-2000","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry J. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Foresman, including:\n\nWorld War II service records\nExtensive information regarding Foresman and Joyce family genealogy (his maternal ancestors), including Daughters of the American Revolution application material that traces his maternal ancestry to Revolutionary War soldier Dominicus Libby\nBiographical information\nPersonal correspondence\nCertificates\nPhotographs"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df237df6d5e3ad489af139a9087b4b97\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Foresman family","Joyce family","Libby family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Foresman family","Joyce family","Libby family"],"persname_ssim":["Foresman, Henry J. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df237df6d5e3ad489af139a9087b4b97\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Foresman family","Joyce family","Libby family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Foresman family","Joyce family","Libby family"],"persname_ssim":["Foresman, Henry J. 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Sensabaugh Papers, 1944/2009, bulk 1944/1954","SC 0248","United States -- History, Military -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","United States. Navy -- History -- World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945 -- Naval operations","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island","World War, 1939-1945 -- Veterans -- United States","Military discharge -- United States","Photograph albums","Military records","Programs (documents)","Photographs","Certificates","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Find a Grave. Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh Memorial # 37641218. (https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=37641218) Accessed September 2017.","Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh was born May 25, 1926 in Augusta County, Virginia to Robert and Bessie Sensabaugh. Sensabaugh was a graduate of Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton and was a men's clothing salesman from 1942 to 1944. He joined the U. S. Navy soon after graduation, serving as a Coxswain during WWII from June 1944 to July 1946. Sensabaugh served the majority of his deployment period in Okinawa, Japan and photographed his travels abroad. Sensabaugh received an honorable discharge on June 4, 1946 with medals for Victory WWII, America Area, Asiatic Pacific, and 1 Star while serving on board the DE 448 USS Cross. Sensabaugh worked as a bookkeeper in Planter's Nut and Chocolate for more than 37 years and also at Hassett Gun Shop. He was a lifetime member of the Second Presbyterian Church where he was an active member of the choir for 55 years and was an Elder and Deacon. Kenneth Sensabaugh (1926-2009) and his wife, Lois Frances Sensabaugh (1928-2017), had a son and a daughter. The Sensabaughs are buried in Augusta Memorial Park in Waynesboro, Virginia.","Five Robert E. Lee High School yearbooks (1939-1943) were not retained and were gifted to the Augusta County Historical Society. Loose photographs and ephemera relating to class reunions were removed from the yearbooks, retained in the collection, and arranged accordingly.","The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs (including Sensabaugh's Company 787 A-1 and loose photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh), sketch portraits of Sensabaugh that also include a negative and positive Photostat copy, military discharge papers, and related ephemera. The collection also includes Sensabaugh's pension information and income tax forms. A photo album consists of black-and-white photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh while serving in the U. S. Navy and also includes ships, coastlines, and various scenic views of places Sensabaugh visited during his time in the Navy. The photo album is largely blank with only a few pages comprising photographs.","Oversize materials include a sketch portrait of Sensabaugh and a July 1944 photograph of Company 787 A-1 at Camp Peary, Virginia of which Sensabaugh was a member. Both items, along with the photo album, are housed in an oversize box.","Sharon Taylor's The Complete Registry of the Sensabaughs in America (1985) has been removed from the collection and is cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Kenneth E. 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(https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026amp;GRid=37641218) Accessed September 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find a Grave. Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh Memorial # 37641218. (https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=37641218) Accessed September 2017."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenneth Edward Sensabaugh was born May 25, 1926 in Augusta County, Virginia to Robert and Bessie Sensabaugh. Sensabaugh was a graduate of Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton and was a men's clothing salesman from 1942 to 1944. He joined the U. S. Navy soon after graduation, serving as a Coxswain during WWII from June 1944 to July 1946. Sensabaugh served the majority of his deployment period in Okinawa, Japan and photographed his travels abroad. Sensabaugh received an honorable discharge on June 4, 1946 with medals for Victory WWII, America Area, Asiatic Pacific, and 1 Star while serving on board the DE 448 USS Cross. Sensabaugh worked as a bookkeeper in Planter's Nut and Chocolate for more than 37 years and also at Hassett Gun Shop. He was a lifetime member of the Second Presbyterian Church where he was an active member of the choir for 55 years and was an Elder and Deacon. Kenneth Sensabaugh (1926-2009) and his wife, Lois Frances Sensabaugh (1928-2017), had a son and a daughter. The Sensabaughs are buried in Augusta Memorial Park in Waynesboro, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh was born May 25, 1926 in Augusta County, Virginia to Robert and Bessie Sensabaugh. Sensabaugh was a graduate of Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton and was a men's clothing salesman from 1942 to 1944. He joined the U. S. Navy soon after graduation, serving as a Coxswain during WWII from June 1944 to July 1946. Sensabaugh served the majority of his deployment period in Okinawa, Japan and photographed his travels abroad. Sensabaugh received an honorable discharge on June 4, 1946 with medals for Victory WWII, America Area, Asiatic Pacific, and 1 Star while serving on board the DE 448 USS Cross. Sensabaugh worked as a bookkeeper in Planter's Nut and Chocolate for more than 37 years and also at Hassett Gun Shop. He was a lifetime member of the Second Presbyterian Church where he was an active member of the choir for 55 years and was an Elder and Deacon. Kenneth Sensabaugh (1926-2009) and his wife, Lois Frances Sensabaugh (1928-2017), had a son and a daughter. The Sensabaughs are buried in Augusta Memorial Park in Waynesboro, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Kenneth E. 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Loose photographs and ephemera relating to class reunions were removed from the yearbooks, retained in the collection, and arranged accordingly."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs (including Sensabaugh's Company 787 A-1 and loose photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh), sketch portraits of Sensabaugh that also include a negative and positive Photostat copy, military discharge papers, and related ephemera. The collection also includes Sensabaugh's pension information and income tax forms. A photo album consists of black-and-white photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh while serving in the U. S. Navy and also includes ships, coastlines, and various scenic views of places Sensabaugh visited during his time in the Navy. The photo album is largely blank with only a few pages comprising photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials include a sketch portrait of Sensabaugh and a July 1944 photograph of Company 787 A-1 at Camp Peary, Virginia of which Sensabaugh was a member. Both items, along with the photo album, are housed in an oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs (including Sensabaugh's Company 787 A-1 and loose photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh), sketch portraits of Sensabaugh that also include a negative and positive Photostat copy, military discharge papers, and related ephemera. The collection also includes Sensabaugh's pension information and income tax forms. A photo album consists of black-and-white photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh while serving in the U. S. Navy and also includes ships, coastlines, and various scenic views of places Sensabaugh visited during his time in the Navy. The photo album is largely blank with only a few pages comprising photographs.","Oversize materials include a sketch portrait of Sensabaugh and a July 1944 photograph of Company 787 A-1 at Camp Peary, Virginia of which Sensabaugh was a member. Both items, along with the photo album, are housed in an oversize box."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSharon Taylor's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Complete Registry of the Sensabaughs in America\u003c/emph\u003e (1985) has been removed from the collection and is cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Sharon Taylor's The Complete Registry of the Sensabaughs in America (1985) has been removed from the collection and is cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4068f153523ecb36fe4134f094e87937\"\u003eThe Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs, sketch portraits of Sensabaugh, discharge papers, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs, sketch portraits of Sensabaugh, discharge papers, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Sensabaugh, Kenneth E., 1926-2009","Blackley, Chuck"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sensabaugh, Kenneth E., 1926-2009","Blackley, Chuck"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_420","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_420","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_420","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_420","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_420.xml","title_ssm":["Kenneth E. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Find a Grave. Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh Memorial # 37641218. (https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=37641218) Accessed September 2017.","Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh was born May 25, 1926 in Augusta County, Virginia to Robert and Bessie Sensabaugh. Sensabaugh was a graduate of Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton and was a men's clothing salesman from 1942 to 1944. He joined the U. S. Navy soon after graduation, serving as a Coxswain during WWII from June 1944 to July 1946. Sensabaugh served the majority of his deployment period in Okinawa, Japan and photographed his travels abroad. Sensabaugh received an honorable discharge on June 4, 1946 with medals for Victory WWII, America Area, Asiatic Pacific, and 1 Star while serving on board the DE 448 USS Cross. Sensabaugh worked as a bookkeeper in Planter's Nut and Chocolate for more than 37 years and also at Hassett Gun Shop. He was a lifetime member of the Second Presbyterian Church where he was an active member of the choir for 55 years and was an Elder and Deacon. Kenneth Sensabaugh (1926-2009) and his wife, Lois Frances Sensabaugh (1928-2017), had a son and a daughter. The Sensabaughs are buried in Augusta Memorial Park in Waynesboro, Virginia.","Five Robert E. Lee High School yearbooks (1939-1943) were not retained and were gifted to the Augusta County Historical Society. Loose photographs and ephemera relating to class reunions were removed from the yearbooks, retained in the collection, and arranged accordingly.","The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs (including Sensabaugh's Company 787 A-1 and loose photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh), sketch portraits of Sensabaugh that also include a negative and positive Photostat copy, military discharge papers, and related ephemera. The collection also includes Sensabaugh's pension information and income tax forms. A photo album consists of black-and-white photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh while serving in the U. S. Navy and also includes ships, coastlines, and various scenic views of places Sensabaugh visited during his time in the Navy. The photo album is largely blank with only a few pages comprising photographs.","Oversize materials include a sketch portrait of Sensabaugh and a July 1944 photograph of Company 787 A-1 at Camp Peary, Virginia of which Sensabaugh was a member. Both items, along with the photo album, are housed in an oversize box.","Sharon Taylor's The Complete Registry of the Sensabaughs in America (1985) has been removed from the collection and is cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs, sketch portraits of Sensabaugh, discharge papers, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sensabaugh, Kenneth E., 1926-2009","Blackley, Chuck","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944/2009, bulk 1944/1954"],"collection_ssim":["Kenneth E. 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Sensabaugh received an honorable discharge on June 4, 1946 with medals for Victory WWII, America Area, Asiatic Pacific, and 1 Star while serving on board the DE 448 USS Cross. Sensabaugh worked as a bookkeeper in Planter's Nut and Chocolate for more than 37 years and also at Hassett Gun Shop. He was a lifetime member of the Second Presbyterian Church where he was an active member of the choir for 55 years and was an Elder and Deacon. Kenneth Sensabaugh (1926-2009) and his wife, Lois Frances Sensabaugh (1928-2017), had a son and a daughter. The Sensabaughs are buried in Augusta Memorial Park in Waynesboro, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenneth Edward Sensabaugh was born May 25, 1926 in Augusta County, Virginia to Robert and Bessie Sensabaugh. Sensabaugh was a graduate of Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton and was a men's clothing salesman from 1942 to 1944. He joined the U. S. Navy soon after graduation, serving as a Coxswain during WWII from June 1944 to July 1946. Sensabaugh served the majority of his deployment period in Okinawa, Japan and photographed his travels abroad. Sensabaugh received an honorable discharge on June 4, 1946 with medals for Victory WWII, America Area, Asiatic Pacific, and 1 Star while serving on board the DE 448 USS Cross. Sensabaugh worked as a bookkeeper in Planter's Nut and Chocolate for more than 37 years and also at Hassett Gun Shop. He was a lifetime member of the Second Presbyterian Church where he was an active member of the choir for 55 years and was an Elder and Deacon. Kenneth Sensabaugh (1926-2009) and his wife, Lois Frances Sensabaugh (1928-2017), had a son and a daughter. The Sensabaughs are buried in Augusta Memorial Park in Waynesboro, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), SC 0248, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), SC 0248, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFive Robert E. Lee High School yearbooks (1939-1943) were not retained and were gifted to the Augusta County Historical Society. Loose photographs and ephemera relating to class reunions were removed from the yearbooks, retained in the collection, and arranged accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Five Robert E. Lee High School yearbooks (1939-1943) were not retained and were gifted to the Augusta County Historical Society. Loose photographs and ephemera relating to class reunions were removed from the yearbooks, retained in the collection, and arranged accordingly."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs (including Sensabaugh's Company 787 A-1 and loose photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh), sketch portraits of Sensabaugh that also include a negative and positive Photostat copy, military discharge papers, and related ephemera. The collection also includes Sensabaugh's pension information and income tax forms. A photo album consists of black-and-white photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh while serving in the U. S. Navy and also includes ships, coastlines, and various scenic views of places Sensabaugh visited during his time in the Navy. The photo album is largely blank with only a few pages comprising photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials include a sketch portrait of Sensabaugh and a July 1944 photograph of Company 787 A-1 at Camp Peary, Virginia of which Sensabaugh was a member. Both items, along with the photo album, are housed in an oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs (including Sensabaugh's Company 787 A-1 and loose photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh), sketch portraits of Sensabaugh that also include a negative and positive Photostat copy, military discharge papers, and related ephemera. The collection also includes Sensabaugh's pension information and income tax forms. A photo album consists of black-and-white photographs of Kenneth Sensabaugh while serving in the U. S. Navy and also includes ships, coastlines, and various scenic views of places Sensabaugh visited during his time in the Navy. The photo album is largely blank with only a few pages comprising photographs.","Oversize materials include a sketch portrait of Sensabaugh and a July 1944 photograph of Company 787 A-1 at Camp Peary, Virginia of which Sensabaugh was a member. Both items, along with the photo album, are housed in an oversize box."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSharon Taylor's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Complete Registry of the Sensabaughs in America\u003c/emph\u003e (1985) has been removed from the collection and is cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Sharon Taylor's The Complete Registry of the Sensabaughs in America (1985) has been removed from the collection and is cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4068f153523ecb36fe4134f094e87937\"\u003eThe Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs, sketch portraits of Sensabaugh, discharge papers, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Kenneth E. Sensabaugh Papers, 1944-2009 (bulk 1944-1954), are comprised primarily of materials related to Sensabaugh's career in the U. S. Navy. Items include photographs, sketch portraits of Sensabaugh, discharge papers, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Sensabaugh, Kenneth E., 1926-2009","Blackley, Chuck"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Sensabaugh, Kenneth E., 1926-2009","Blackley, Chuck"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_420"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_592.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00009.xml","title_ssm":["Leonard T. Gerow papers"],"title_tesim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1911-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970"],"text":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970","MS.0100","/repositories/3/resources/592","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1911","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Europe","Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","1888 July 13\n        \n          Born in Petersburg, Virginia to Leonard Rogers Gerow and Annie Eloise Saunders.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911\n        \n          Graduated from VMI and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911-1918\n        \n          Served with 19th Infantry and subsequently the 37th and 57th Infantry. Stationed in Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico.\n        \n      \n      \n        1918 April-1919 October\n        \n          Signal Corps Officer, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), France. Officer in charge of purchasing and disbursing.\n        \n      \n      \n        1919-1921\n        \n          Commanding Officer, Signal Corps School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1921-1941 December\n        \n          Served in Washington D.C., the Philippines, and China. During this period, Gerow graduated from the Advanced Course, Infantry School, Fort Benning (1925), the Command and General Staff School (1926), and the Army War College (1931).\n        \n      \n      \n        1941 December-1942 February\n        \n          Named Chief of War Plans Division and Assistant Chief of Staff.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 February\n        \n          Named Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 October 29\n        \n          Division to England.\n        \n      \n      \n        1943 July\n        \n          Named Commanding General, Fifth (V) Corps.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 January 15\n        \n          Assumed command of the Fifteenth Army, European Theater.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 October\n        \n          Returned to the United States and was assigned as Commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1948 January\n        \n          Assumed command of the Second Army, with headquarters at Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1950 July 31\n        \n          Retired as a Lieutenant General.\n        \n      \n      \n        1954 July\n        \n          Appointed as a four-star General by an act of Congress.\n        \n      \n      \n        1972 October 12\n        \n          Died at age 84 in Fort Lee Army Hospital, Petersburg, Virginia.","July 28, 1941\nColonel D. D. Eisenhower,\nChief of Staff, III Army,\nSmith-Young Tower,\nSan Antonio, Texas","Dear Ike: \nI have been so darn busy that I have not told you how delighted I am over your new assignment. I am not in on the \"makes\" but I feel sure your name will be on the next list of B.G.'s. You have certainly earned such recognition.","Washington is a madhouse as usual. First the Russo situation made us do some fast thinking and long-range estimating. I do not think that the Germans are moving as fast as they expected to, but in my opinion they will lick the Russians before winter sets in. Wish it could be otherwise.","Would liked to have kept the Japs quiescent for a few months longer but they had \"ants in their pants\" and just had to move somewhere. Indo-China looked like a cripple so they walked in. I rather doubt that they will move south and feel that they will sit tight in the north until Germany trims Russia. \nEven our brothers in South America seem to be bitten by the war bug. Ecuador and Peru caused us a little extra work over the week end. Of course, the Axis powers are back of most of these disturbances.","My health is fine and I hope to keep it so. Exercise is limited to occasional golf on Sunday. I would like to have more time outdoors. We limit our social activities to official affairs. I am too old to work all day and then play all night.","Mary Louise joins me in love to Mamie and yourself. I would love to see you both.\nDevotedly,","Fort George Meade, Maryland\n1942 April 19","Major General D. D. Eisenhower,\nOperations Division,\nWar Department General Staff,\nMunitions Building, Washington DC","Dear Ike:\nThis is a long delayed note of congratulations on your promotion. I did not know of it until Mamie told me the day she was out here. As a matter of fact, I was so sure of it coming through very shortly that I had considered the appointment as actually made. The third star is just a matter of a few months, No one will be happier than I when you pin it on.","My division is moving to A. P. Hill in echelons. One regiment left this morning, and the remainder of the division will complete its concentration next week. The Command Post will close here at noon on April 21st. All preparations have been made at A. P. Hill.","I am still like a child with a new toy, and feel that I am really accomplished something. Have lost about ten pounds and feel fine. A. P. Hill will give us a wonderful opportunity to get in some real field training. If the War Department will stop stealing my units, personnel and equipment, this Division will be ready to go places by the end of July.","Hope you are not working too hard. Judging from the newspapers, the situation, except in Burma and the Indian Ocean, is not so bad. I chuckle about the press reports I see concerning command in the Southwest Pacific. The underground story must be good.","Will be seeing you soon. Best of love to Mamie and yourself.\nFrom,","Headquarters\nEuropean Theater of Operations\nUnited States Army \n16 July, 1942.","Dear Gee,\nYour letter of July 6th arrived today. You are quite right about the speed with which I moved during the last few days I was in Washington. When I got on the plane, it was only by the grace of God and with the help of the entire Operations Division, that I had any baggage whatsoever.","I knew, of course, that when I got a letter from you it would contain all the nice things you had to say about my appointment here. Better than that, I knew that in your case they would be honest and sincere. In return, I can only any that there is, as you know, no one else in the whole army whose good opinion means so much to me as yours. I hope also that you will not for one minute, believe that you are stymied in division command. While anyone commanding one of our divisions has a man-sized job and need not be bothering his head about anything else, the fact is that you are so eminently fitted for the highest commands that they will never be able to let you stay there long. My visits here merely bear out the conviction you and I have held for many years, that corps, army, and even higher commanders, have to be relatively young men.","Another thing I have noted in going about here, that two things which cannot be over-emphasized are, physical condition of the men, and skill in handling motor transportation. The other day I ran into a division which had just completed ninety miles in three days. It was in fine shape, and it was easy to see that those Britishers were exceedingly proud of what they had done. On the other hand, I do not believe they have made as great advances in handling motor transport as we have. The problem of having it when you want it, using it as you need it, and then getting it out of the way when you don't want it, is really something to solve.","I sincerely hope that your division will get the men and equipment it needs, and then be left alone under your guidance. It they do that, it will be a top-flight outfit and I should be proud to have it here. Which reminds me that I have not looked up to see whether we are asking for divisions by name or merely by total number - I'll have to find out about that. Since you wrote, the powers-that-be have given me a promotion. I'm quite well aware that this does not put any more brains into my thick skull, but it is noticeable that it helps considerably in dealing with the British officers, particularly here in London where much of my work is with the War Office, the Chief of Air Force and so on. Also it places, in the eyes of the British, a certain War Department stamp of approval upon me, thus allowing me to speak in a little louder voice in some of our meetings. I have been quite astonished to find that these people do not seem to resent my frequently fluent flow of Western Kansas profanity. In fact they seem to like it.","Scrappy is doing a good job in the 5th Corps and has two fine Division Commanders, Ward and Ryder. Just today he at last got rid of an unsatisfactory Chief of Staff, and I feel very content with the progress in that sector. J.C.H. Lee is doing well with the S.O.S., and Spaatz with the Air Force. I sincerely hope that soon you will bring your division over here, although I suspect it will be a corps rather than a division that you bring.","With best of luck and much love to Mary-Louise.\nAs ever,\nIke","Major General Leonard T. Gerow,\nCommanding 29th Division,\nA.P.O. No. 29,\nFredericksburg, Va.","15 February 1943","Dear Ike:\nJust a note to tell you how delighted I am over your four-star promotion. I know of no one in our service who has done as much to merit such recognition, or who is as well qualified for the job as you are. You have carried out a most difficult assignment in an outstanding manner in spite of many obstacles, both political and military. Most of my news is gathered from the press, but knowing something of such matters I have been able to read between the lines.","Hartle very kindly let me have a copy of your secret letter, dated January 15th, on training. It is absolutely in accord with my own views on the subject, and just what I have been trying to accomplish in this division. It takes all one's drive and energy to get the real picture down to the Grade 7 soldier. I find inertia and a lack of appreciation of real warfare in all echelons of command, and my most difficult job has been to educate and build up enthusiasm in subordinate commanders. When I can reach the soldier direct, I get an immediate and intelligent response. With due regard to secrecy, I am personally reading your letter to all officers of the division in the hope and belief that it will drive home to them the seriousness of this game and the necessity of perfection in all details.","I shall miss Everett on my infrequent trips to London. In addition to the help he gave me in supply matters, my talks with him always boosted my morale and sent me back to the country with a new lease on life. I am glad you have him with you. He is loyal, unselfish and sound. Lean on him. Give him my best.","Best of luck and every good wish for future successes. I am proud of you. Don't bother to answer this. I know how busy you are.","ALLIED FORCE HEADQUARTERS\nOffice of the Commander-in-Chief \n24 February, 1943.","Dear Gee:\nI could never be too busy to answer such a letter as your latest one to me. Of all the oongratulations and felicitations that I have received on this latest promotion yours, more than in any other case, I know to be absolutely sincere and disinterested. I especially appreciate your sentiments because I can never get over the feeling, one that I have held ever since I made Second Lieutenant, that in every respect you have deserved recognition far above myself. If, therefore, I felt that personal fortune and promotion had any slightest importance in this war, I should have to feel almost regretful that such a distinction came to me instead of to you. But you must know, as well as I do, that certain fortuitous circumstances, more than any indication of peculiar merit, were responsible for my advancement.","The letter I wrote to Hartle on training was from my heart. Moreover, it is not nearly as strong in its language as I would like to make it. I got back this morning from the battlefront. I wish that every Division Commander in the United States Army could go up there right now and see the consequences, the appalling consequences, of failure to achieve in advance some measure of battlefield discipline, to teach his men the essentials of scouting, patrolling and security, to insist upon initiative on the part of every leader from Corporal up, and finally to harden his men to the point that the physique of man can achieve no more. After the first few days our men did splendidly but in those first few we paid a big price. We have the greatest material in the world but our men meat learn what a serious business this is, they must know that their own lives depend upon the thoroughness with which they learn the lessons taught, and officers that fail to devote themselves completely and exclusively to the task must be ruthlessly weeded out. Considerations of friendship, family, kindliness and nice personality have nothing whatever to do with the problem. We owe it to the service to which we belong and certainly we owe it to the men, whose lives depend upon the energy, keenness and thoroughness that we display.","I feel so strongly on this subject that I could write reams. It is enough to say that yours is one division in which I know that everything that one man can do will be done. The only thing on which I would venture to give the slightest advice is that you must be tough. You may not be able to discover among your men those that will be the best battle leaders, but you can find those who are this minute endangering the battle success of your whole command. They are the lazy, the slothful, the indifferent or the complacent. Get rid of them if you have to write letters the rest of your life. Special subjects I would bring to your attention are mine detection, the use of land mines in defense, thorough training in every possible means of anti-tank defense, and in defense against low-flying aircraft. Ground troops themselves must provide their own protection against the dive-bomber. The 50 caliber and rifle fire must be used. Insist that your men get under cover and start a volume of well directed fire into the air. If you don't, in their first battle they will be demoralized, an easy prey to the enemy's infantry and tanks that may come along even in inconsequential numbers. Battle casualties among personnel from the dive-bomber are almost nil, but their moral effect is tremendous. Your truck and vehicle discipline must be perfect; otherwise the enemy's aircraft will knock out 40 or 50 at a whack. That is a sad sight to see along the road when you realize how much shipping space you gave up to bring those same trucks thousands of miles across the ocean. For God's sake don't keep anybody around that you say to yourself \"He may get by\"--he won't. Throw him out and I am sure that your Theater Commander, knowing the deadly seriousness of all this, will back you up to the hilt.","Your letters are always a treat. Write me again when you have the chance, and again many thanks for the thoughtfulness of your note. \nAs ever,\nIke","The Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.","Letter states that Leonard T. Gerow needs Dwight D. Eisenhower in the War Plans Division.","In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow withdraws his request for Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"detail to\" the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. The letter expresses Leonard T. Gerow's regret that Dwight D. Eisenhower will not be assigned to the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow asks Dwight D. Eisenhower if he would like to come to Washington as his executive or remain as Chief of Staff.","In the telegram, Dwight D. Eisenhower states that it is \"unwise to leave Lewis in the near future.\"","Written from San Antonio, Texas. The letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's orders to Lewis, current staffing, and family matters.","Letter regards news of the War, matters in Washington, D.C., and Leonard T. Gerow's health.","The letter reads \"congratulations and all good wishes from us both.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his promotion and regards the current status of the War Department.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment. Letter also mentions that Leonard T. Gerow's division is moving to \"Carolina for two months\" maneuver.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment and day-to-day activities.","Letter regards military missions and family news.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on North African operations.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his four-star promotion and mentions a \"secret letter\" on training.","Letter regards the importance of training and Dwight D. Eisenhower's military-related advice to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards news of the War and a recent trip taken by Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's recent promotion. Letter also congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"continued success.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"grand victory.\" Letter also contains an enclosure (dated September 8, 1943) from General Sir Hugh Ellis to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for his congratulations and provides general news of the War.","Letter regards a recent trip taken by Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards a package of cheese and mentions the capture of Cherbourg, France.","Letter regards general news of the War.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for lunch and mentions having Gerow visit soon.","Letter encloses a copy of a strategic military idea proposed by Donald C. Smick, a solider under Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards the end of the Combined Command.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement party.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement.","Letter regards general news and greetings.","In the letter Dwight D. Eisenhower wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy anniversary.","Letter regards a recent trip to Virginia.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow serving as Grand Marshal of the Inaugural Parade.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's new position.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter invites Leonard T. Gerow to a dinner on June 24, 1954. Also included is a list of dinner guests and notes about the evening.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter is an invitation to the Inagural ceremonies.","Letter invites Letter Leonard T. Gerow and his wife to sit in the Reviewing Stand for the Inaugural Parade.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter mentions D-Day and expresses gratitude for Leonard T. Gerow.","Appointment book contains very brief entries noting assignments and promotions.","Map of Normandy beachhead, 33.5 inches x 40 inches, labeled \"Operation Map of the V Corps Attack and landing on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944. This map was carried ashore on D-Day by Lt. General L. T. Gerow, then Major General and Commander of the V Corps, VMI Class of 1911.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0100","/repositories/3/resources/592"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0100","/repositories/3/resources/592"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972"],"creator_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1911","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Europe","Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1911","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Europe","Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 120 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 120 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1888 July 13\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eBorn in Petersburg, Virginia to Leonard Rogers Gerow and Annie Eloise Saunders.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1911\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from VMI and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1911-1918\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with 19th Infantry and subsequently the 37th and 57th Infantry. Stationed in Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1918 April-1919 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSignal Corps Officer, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), France. Officer in charge of purchasing and disbursing.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1919-1921\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding Officer, Signal Corps School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1921-1941 December\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed in Washington D.C., the Philippines, and China. During this period, Gerow graduated from the Advanced Course, Infantry School, Fort Benning (1925), the Command and General Staff School (1926), and the Army War College (1931).\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1941 December-1942 February\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eNamed Chief of War Plans Division and Assistant Chief of Staff.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942 February\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eNamed Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, Fort George Meade, Maryland.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942 October 29\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDivision to England.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1943 July\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eNamed Commanding General, Fifth (V) Corps.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1945 January 15\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssumed command of the Fifteenth Army, European Theater.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1945 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eReturned to the United States and was assigned as Commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1948 January\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssumed command of the Second Army, with headquarters at Fort George Meade, Maryland.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1950 July 31\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired as a Lieutenant General.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1954 July\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAppointed as a four-star General by an act of Congress.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1972 October 12\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDied at age 84 in Fort Lee Army Hospital, Petersburg, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1888 July 13\n        \n          Born in Petersburg, Virginia to Leonard Rogers Gerow and Annie Eloise Saunders.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911\n        \n          Graduated from VMI and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911-1918\n        \n          Served with 19th Infantry and subsequently the 37th and 57th Infantry. Stationed in Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico.\n        \n      \n      \n        1918 April-1919 October\n        \n          Signal Corps Officer, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), France. Officer in charge of purchasing and disbursing.\n        \n      \n      \n        1919-1921\n        \n          Commanding Officer, Signal Corps School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1921-1941 December\n        \n          Served in Washington D.C., the Philippines, and China. During this period, Gerow graduated from the Advanced Course, Infantry School, Fort Benning (1925), the Command and General Staff School (1926), and the Army War College (1931).\n        \n      \n      \n        1941 December-1942 February\n        \n          Named Chief of War Plans Division and Assistant Chief of Staff.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 February\n        \n          Named Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 October 29\n        \n          Division to England.\n        \n      \n      \n        1943 July\n        \n          Named Commanding General, Fifth (V) Corps.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 January 15\n        \n          Assumed command of the Fifteenth Army, European Theater.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 October\n        \n          Returned to the United States and was assigned as Commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1948 January\n        \n          Assumed command of the Second Army, with headquarters at Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1950 July 31\n        \n          Retired as a Lieutenant General.\n        \n      \n      \n        1954 July\n        \n          Appointed as a four-star General by an act of Congress.\n        \n      \n      \n        1972 October 12\n        \n          Died at age 84 in Fort Lee Army Hospital, Petersburg, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1941\u003cbr\u003e\nColonel D. D. Eisenhower,\u003cbr\u003e\nChief of Staff, III Army,\u003cbr\u003e\nSmith-Young Tower,\u003cbr\u003e\nSan Antonio, Texas \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Ike:\u003cbr\u003e \nI have been so darn busy that I have not told you how delighted I am over your new assignment. I am not in on the \"makes\" but I feel sure your name will be on the next list of B.G.'s. You have certainly earned such recognition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington is a madhouse as usual. First the Russo situation made us do some fast thinking and long-range estimating. I do not think that the Germans are moving as fast as they expected to, but in my opinion they will lick the Russians before winter sets in. Wish it could be otherwise. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWould liked to have kept the Japs quiescent for a few months longer but they had \"ants in their pants\" and just had to move somewhere. Indo-China looked like a cripple so they walked in. I rather doubt that they will move south and feel that they will sit tight in the north until Germany trims Russia. \nEven our brothers in South America seem to be bitten by the war bug. Ecuador and Peru caused us a little extra work over the week end. Of course, the Axis powers are back of most of these disturbances. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy health is fine and I hope to keep it so. Exercise is limited to occasional golf on Sunday. I would like to have more time outdoors. We limit our social activities to official affairs. I am too old to work all day and then play all night.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Louise joins me in love to Mamie and yourself. I would love to see you both.\u003cbr\u003e\nDevotedly,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFort George Meade, Maryland\u003cbr\u003e\n1942 April 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor General D. D. Eisenhower,\u003cbr\u003e\nOperations Division,\u003cbr\u003e\nWar Department General Staff,\u003cbr\u003e\nMunitions Building, Washington DC \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Ike:\u003cbr\u003e\nThis is a long delayed note of congratulations on your promotion. I did not know of it until Mamie told me the day she was out here. As a matter of fact, I was so sure of it coming through very shortly that I had considered the appointment as actually made. The third star is just a matter of a few months, No one will be happier than I when you pin it on. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy division is moving to A. P. Hill in echelons. One regiment left this morning, and the remainder of the division will complete its concentration next week. The Command Post will close here at noon on April 21st. All preparations have been made at A. P. Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am still like a child with a new toy, and feel that I am really accomplished something. Have lost about ten pounds and feel fine. A. P. Hill will give us a wonderful opportunity to get in some real field training. If the War Department will stop stealing my units, personnel and equipment, this Division will be ready to go places by the end of July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHope you are not working too hard. Judging from the newspapers, the situation, except in Burma and the Indian Ocean, is not so bad. I chuckle about the press reports I see concerning command in the Southwest Pacific. The underground story must be good. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWill be seeing you soon. Best of love to Mamie and yourself.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHeadquarters\u003cbr\u003e\nEuropean Theater of Operations\u003cbr\u003e\nUnited States Army\u003cbr\u003e \n16 July, 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Gee,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter of July 6th arrived today. You are quite right about the speed with which I moved during the last few days I was in Washington. When I got on the plane, it was only by the grace of God and with the help of the entire Operations Division, that I had any baggage whatsoever.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI knew, of course, that when I got a letter from you it would contain all the nice things you had to say about my appointment here. Better than that, I knew that in your case they would be honest and sincere. In return, I can only any that there is, as you know, no one else in the whole army whose good opinion means so much to me as yours. I hope also that you will not for one minute, believe that you are stymied in division command. While anyone commanding one of our divisions has a man-sized job and need not be bothering his head about anything else, the fact is that you are so eminently fitted for the highest commands that they will never be able to let you stay there long. My visits here merely bear out the conviction you and I have held for many years, that corps, army, and even higher commanders, have to be relatively young men. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother thing I have noted in going about here, that two things which cannot be over-emphasized are, physical condition of the men, and skill in handling motor transportation. The other day I ran into a division which had just completed ninety miles in three days. It was in fine shape, and it was easy to see that those Britishers were exceedingly proud of what they had done. On the other hand, I do not believe they have made as great advances in handling motor transport as we have. The problem of having it when you want it, using it as you need it, and then getting it out of the way when you don't want it, is really something to solve. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI sincerely hope that your division will get the men and equipment it needs, and then be left alone under your guidance. It they do that, it will be a top-flight outfit and I should be proud to have it here. Which reminds me that I have not looked up to see whether we are asking for divisions by name or merely by total number - I'll have to find out about that. Since you wrote, the powers-that-be have given me a promotion. I'm quite well aware that this does not put any more brains into my thick skull, but it is noticeable that it helps considerably in dealing with the British officers, particularly here in London where much of my work is with the War Office, the Chief of Air Force and so on. Also it places, in the eyes of the British, a certain War Department stamp of approval upon me, thus allowing me to speak in a little louder voice in some of our meetings. I have been quite astonished to find that these people do not seem to resent my frequently fluent flow of Western Kansas profanity. In fact they seem to like it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrappy is doing a good job in the 5th Corps and has two fine Division Commanders, Ward and Ryder. Just today he at last got rid of an unsatisfactory Chief of Staff, and I feel very content with the progress in that sector. J.C.H. Lee is doing well with the S.O.S., and Spaatz with the Air Force. I sincerely hope that soon you will bring your division over here, although I suspect it will be a corps rather than a division that you bring. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith best of luck and much love to Mary-Louise.\u003cbr\u003e\nAs ever,\u003cbr\u003e\nIke \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor General Leonard T. Gerow,\u003cbr\u003e\nCommanding 29th Division,\u003cbr\u003e\nA.P.O. No. 29,\u003cbr\u003e\nFredericksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15 February 1943 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Ike:\u003cbr\u003e\nJust a note to tell you how delighted I am over your four-star promotion. I know of no one in our service who has done as much to merit such recognition, or who is as well qualified for the job as you are. You have carried out a most difficult assignment in an outstanding manner in spite of many obstacles, both political and military. Most of my news is gathered from the press, but knowing something of such matters I have been able to read between the lines. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHartle very kindly let me have a copy of your secret letter, dated January 15th, on training. It is absolutely in accord with my own views on the subject, and just what I have been trying to accomplish in this division. It takes all one's drive and energy to get the real picture down to the Grade 7 soldier. I find inertia and a lack of appreciation of real warfare in all echelons of command, and my most difficult job has been to educate and build up enthusiasm in subordinate commanders. When I can reach the soldier direct, I get an immediate and intelligent response. With due regard to secrecy, I am personally reading your letter to all officers of the division in the hope and belief that it will drive home to them the seriousness of this game and the necessity of perfection in all details. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall miss Everett on my infrequent trips to London. In addition to the help he gave me in supply matters, my talks with him always boosted my morale and sent me back to the country with a new lease on life. I am glad you have him with you. He is loyal, unselfish and sound. Lean on him. Give him my best. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBest of luck and every good wish for future successes. I am proud of you. Don't bother to answer this. I know how busy you are.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eALLIED FORCE HEADQUARTERS\u003cbr\u003e\nOffice of the Commander-in-Chief\u003cbr\u003e \n24 February, 1943. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Gee:\u003cbr\u003e\nI could never be too busy to answer such a letter as your latest one to me. Of all the oongratulations and felicitations that I have received on this latest promotion yours, more than in any other case, I know to be absolutely sincere and disinterested. I especially appreciate your sentiments because I can never get over the feeling, one that I have held ever since I made Second Lieutenant, that in every respect you have deserved recognition far above myself. If, therefore, I felt that personal fortune and promotion had any slightest importance in this war, I should have to feel almost regretful that such a distinction came to me instead of to you. But you must know, as well as I do, that certain fortuitous circumstances, more than any indication of peculiar merit, were responsible for my advancement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter I wrote to Hartle on training was from my heart. Moreover, it is not nearly as strong in its language as I would like to make it. I got back this morning from the battlefront. I wish that every Division Commander in the United States Army could go up there right now and see the consequences, the appalling consequences, of failure to achieve in advance some measure of battlefield discipline, to teach his men the essentials of scouting, patrolling and security, to insist upon initiative on the part of every leader from Corporal up, and finally to harden his men to the point that the physique of man can achieve no more. After the first few days our men did splendidly but in those first few we paid a big price. We have the greatest material in the world but our men meat learn what a serious business this is, they must know that their own lives depend upon the thoroughness with which they learn the lessons taught, and officers that fail to devote themselves completely and exclusively to the task must be ruthlessly weeded out. Considerations of friendship, family, kindliness and nice personality have nothing whatever to do with the problem. We owe it to the service to which we belong and certainly we owe it to the men, whose lives depend upon the energy, keenness and thoroughness that we display. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI feel so strongly on this subject that I could write reams. It is enough to say that yours is one division in which I know that everything that one man can do will be done. The only thing on which I would venture to give the slightest advice is that you must be tough. You may not be able to discover among your men those that will be the best battle leaders, but you can find those who are this minute endangering the battle success of your whole command. They are the lazy, the slothful, the indifferent or the complacent. Get rid of them if you have to write letters the rest of your life. Special subjects I would bring to your attention are mine detection, the use of land mines in defense, thorough training in every possible means of anti-tank defense, and in defense against low-flying aircraft. Ground troops themselves must provide their own protection against the dive-bomber. The 50 caliber and rifle fire must be used. Insist that your men get under cover and start a volume of well directed fire into the air. If you don't, in their first battle they will be demoralized, an easy prey to the enemy's infantry and tanks that may come along even in inconsequential numbers. Battle casualties among personnel from the dive-bomber are almost nil, but their moral effect is tremendous. Your truck and vehicle discipline must be perfect; otherwise the enemy's aircraft will knock out 40 or 50 at a whack. That is a sad sight to see along the road when you realize how much shipping space you gave up to bring those same trucks thousands of miles across the ocean. For God's sake don't keep anybody around that you say to yourself \"He may get by\"--he won't. Throw him out and I am sure that your Theater Commander, knowing the deadly seriousness of all this, will back you up to the hilt. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYour letters are always a treat. Write me again when you have the chance, and again many thanks for the thoughtfulness of your note. \nAs ever,\u003cbr\u003e\nIke \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["July 28, 1941\nColonel D. D. Eisenhower,\nChief of Staff, III Army,\nSmith-Young Tower,\nSan Antonio, Texas","Dear Ike: \nI have been so darn busy that I have not told you how delighted I am over your new assignment. I am not in on the \"makes\" but I feel sure your name will be on the next list of B.G.'s. You have certainly earned such recognition.","Washington is a madhouse as usual. First the Russo situation made us do some fast thinking and long-range estimating. I do not think that the Germans are moving as fast as they expected to, but in my opinion they will lick the Russians before winter sets in. Wish it could be otherwise.","Would liked to have kept the Japs quiescent for a few months longer but they had \"ants in their pants\" and just had to move somewhere. Indo-China looked like a cripple so they walked in. I rather doubt that they will move south and feel that they will sit tight in the north until Germany trims Russia. \nEven our brothers in South America seem to be bitten by the war bug. Ecuador and Peru caused us a little extra work over the week end. Of course, the Axis powers are back of most of these disturbances.","My health is fine and I hope to keep it so. Exercise is limited to occasional golf on Sunday. I would like to have more time outdoors. We limit our social activities to official affairs. I am too old to work all day and then play all night.","Mary Louise joins me in love to Mamie and yourself. I would love to see you both.\nDevotedly,","Fort George Meade, Maryland\n1942 April 19","Major General D. D. Eisenhower,\nOperations Division,\nWar Department General Staff,\nMunitions Building, Washington DC","Dear Ike:\nThis is a long delayed note of congratulations on your promotion. I did not know of it until Mamie told me the day she was out here. As a matter of fact, I was so sure of it coming through very shortly that I had considered the appointment as actually made. The third star is just a matter of a few months, No one will be happier than I when you pin it on.","My division is moving to A. P. Hill in echelons. One regiment left this morning, and the remainder of the division will complete its concentration next week. The Command Post will close here at noon on April 21st. All preparations have been made at A. P. Hill.","I am still like a child with a new toy, and feel that I am really accomplished something. Have lost about ten pounds and feel fine. A. P. Hill will give us a wonderful opportunity to get in some real field training. If the War Department will stop stealing my units, personnel and equipment, this Division will be ready to go places by the end of July.","Hope you are not working too hard. Judging from the newspapers, the situation, except in Burma and the Indian Ocean, is not so bad. I chuckle about the press reports I see concerning command in the Southwest Pacific. The underground story must be good.","Will be seeing you soon. Best of love to Mamie and yourself.\nFrom,","Headquarters\nEuropean Theater of Operations\nUnited States Army \n16 July, 1942.","Dear Gee,\nYour letter of July 6th arrived today. You are quite right about the speed with which I moved during the last few days I was in Washington. When I got on the plane, it was only by the grace of God and with the help of the entire Operations Division, that I had any baggage whatsoever.","I knew, of course, that when I got a letter from you it would contain all the nice things you had to say about my appointment here. Better than that, I knew that in your case they would be honest and sincere. In return, I can only any that there is, as you know, no one else in the whole army whose good opinion means so much to me as yours. I hope also that you will not for one minute, believe that you are stymied in division command. While anyone commanding one of our divisions has a man-sized job and need not be bothering his head about anything else, the fact is that you are so eminently fitted for the highest commands that they will never be able to let you stay there long. My visits here merely bear out the conviction you and I have held for many years, that corps, army, and even higher commanders, have to be relatively young men.","Another thing I have noted in going about here, that two things which cannot be over-emphasized are, physical condition of the men, and skill in handling motor transportation. The other day I ran into a division which had just completed ninety miles in three days. It was in fine shape, and it was easy to see that those Britishers were exceedingly proud of what they had done. On the other hand, I do not believe they have made as great advances in handling motor transport as we have. The problem of having it when you want it, using it as you need it, and then getting it out of the way when you don't want it, is really something to solve.","I sincerely hope that your division will get the men and equipment it needs, and then be left alone under your guidance. It they do that, it will be a top-flight outfit and I should be proud to have it here. Which reminds me that I have not looked up to see whether we are asking for divisions by name or merely by total number - I'll have to find out about that. Since you wrote, the powers-that-be have given me a promotion. I'm quite well aware that this does not put any more brains into my thick skull, but it is noticeable that it helps considerably in dealing with the British officers, particularly here in London where much of my work is with the War Office, the Chief of Air Force and so on. Also it places, in the eyes of the British, a certain War Department stamp of approval upon me, thus allowing me to speak in a little louder voice in some of our meetings. I have been quite astonished to find that these people do not seem to resent my frequently fluent flow of Western Kansas profanity. In fact they seem to like it.","Scrappy is doing a good job in the 5th Corps and has two fine Division Commanders, Ward and Ryder. Just today he at last got rid of an unsatisfactory Chief of Staff, and I feel very content with the progress in that sector. J.C.H. Lee is doing well with the S.O.S., and Spaatz with the Air Force. I sincerely hope that soon you will bring your division over here, although I suspect it will be a corps rather than a division that you bring.","With best of luck and much love to Mary-Louise.\nAs ever,\nIke","Major General Leonard T. Gerow,\nCommanding 29th Division,\nA.P.O. No. 29,\nFredericksburg, Va.","15 February 1943","Dear Ike:\nJust a note to tell you how delighted I am over your four-star promotion. I know of no one in our service who has done as much to merit such recognition, or who is as well qualified for the job as you are. You have carried out a most difficult assignment in an outstanding manner in spite of many obstacles, both political and military. Most of my news is gathered from the press, but knowing something of such matters I have been able to read between the lines.","Hartle very kindly let me have a copy of your secret letter, dated January 15th, on training. It is absolutely in accord with my own views on the subject, and just what I have been trying to accomplish in this division. It takes all one's drive and energy to get the real picture down to the Grade 7 soldier. I find inertia and a lack of appreciation of real warfare in all echelons of command, and my most difficult job has been to educate and build up enthusiasm in subordinate commanders. When I can reach the soldier direct, I get an immediate and intelligent response. With due regard to secrecy, I am personally reading your letter to all officers of the division in the hope and belief that it will drive home to them the seriousness of this game and the necessity of perfection in all details.","I shall miss Everett on my infrequent trips to London. In addition to the help he gave me in supply matters, my talks with him always boosted my morale and sent me back to the country with a new lease on life. I am glad you have him with you. He is loyal, unselfish and sound. Lean on him. Give him my best.","Best of luck and every good wish for future successes. I am proud of you. Don't bother to answer this. I know how busy you are.","ALLIED FORCE HEADQUARTERS\nOffice of the Commander-in-Chief \n24 February, 1943.","Dear Gee:\nI could never be too busy to answer such a letter as your latest one to me. Of all the oongratulations and felicitations that I have received on this latest promotion yours, more than in any other case, I know to be absolutely sincere and disinterested. I especially appreciate your sentiments because I can never get over the feeling, one that I have held ever since I made Second Lieutenant, that in every respect you have deserved recognition far above myself. If, therefore, I felt that personal fortune and promotion had any slightest importance in this war, I should have to feel almost regretful that such a distinction came to me instead of to you. But you must know, as well as I do, that certain fortuitous circumstances, more than any indication of peculiar merit, were responsible for my advancement.","The letter I wrote to Hartle on training was from my heart. Moreover, it is not nearly as strong in its language as I would like to make it. I got back this morning from the battlefront. I wish that every Division Commander in the United States Army could go up there right now and see the consequences, the appalling consequences, of failure to achieve in advance some measure of battlefield discipline, to teach his men the essentials of scouting, patrolling and security, to insist upon initiative on the part of every leader from Corporal up, and finally to harden his men to the point that the physique of man can achieve no more. After the first few days our men did splendidly but in those first few we paid a big price. We have the greatest material in the world but our men meat learn what a serious business this is, they must know that their own lives depend upon the thoroughness with which they learn the lessons taught, and officers that fail to devote themselves completely and exclusively to the task must be ruthlessly weeded out. Considerations of friendship, family, kindliness and nice personality have nothing whatever to do with the problem. We owe it to the service to which we belong and certainly we owe it to the men, whose lives depend upon the energy, keenness and thoroughness that we display.","I feel so strongly on this subject that I could write reams. It is enough to say that yours is one division in which I know that everything that one man can do will be done. The only thing on which I would venture to give the slightest advice is that you must be tough. You may not be able to discover among your men those that will be the best battle leaders, but you can find those who are this minute endangering the battle success of your whole command. They are the lazy, the slothful, the indifferent or the complacent. Get rid of them if you have to write letters the rest of your life. Special subjects I would bring to your attention are mine detection, the use of land mines in defense, thorough training in every possible means of anti-tank defense, and in defense against low-flying aircraft. Ground troops themselves must provide their own protection against the dive-bomber. The 50 caliber and rifle fire must be used. Insist that your men get under cover and start a volume of well directed fire into the air. If you don't, in their first battle they will be demoralized, an easy prey to the enemy's infantry and tanks that may come along even in inconsequential numbers. Battle casualties among personnel from the dive-bomber are almost nil, but their moral effect is tremendous. Your truck and vehicle discipline must be perfect; otherwise the enemy's aircraft will knock out 40 or 50 at a whack. That is a sad sight to see along the road when you realize how much shipping space you gave up to bring those same trucks thousands of miles across the ocean. For God's sake don't keep anybody around that you say to yourself \"He may get by\"--he won't. Throw him out and I am sure that your Theater Commander, knowing the deadly seriousness of all this, will back you up to the hilt.","Your letters are always a treat. Write me again when you have the chance, and again many thanks for the thoughtfulness of your note. \nAs ever,\nIke"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard T. Gerow papers, 1911-1970. MS 0100. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911-1970. MS 0100. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eLetter states that Leonard T. Gerow needs Dwight D. Eisenhower in the War Plans Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter, Leonard T. Gerow withdraws his request for Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"detail to\" the War Plans Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Lewis, Washington. The letter expresses Leonard T. Gerow's regret that Dwight D. Eisenhower will not be assigned to the War Plans Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Lewis, Washington. In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow asks Dwight D. Eisenhower if he would like to come to Washington as his executive or remain as Chief of Staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the telegram, Dwight D. Eisenhower states that it is \"unwise to leave Lewis in the near future.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from San Antonio, Texas. The letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's orders to Lewis, current staffing, and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards news of the War, matters in Washington, D.C., and Leonard T. Gerow's health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter reads \"congratulations and all good wishes from us both.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his promotion and regards the current status of the War Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment. Letter also mentions that Leonard T. Gerow's division is moving to \"Carolina for two months\" maneuver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment and day-to-day activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards military missions and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on North African operations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his four-star promotion and mentions a \"secret letter\" on training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the importance of training and Dwight D. Eisenhower's military-related advice to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards news of the War and a recent trip taken by Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow's recent promotion. Letter also congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"continued success.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"grand victory.\" Letter also contains an enclosure (dated September 8, 1943) from General Sir Hugh Ellis to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for his congratulations and provides general news of the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a recent trip taken by Dwight D. Eisenhower.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a package of cheese and mentions the capture of Cherbourg, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news of the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for lunch and mentions having Gerow visit soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter encloses a copy of a strategic military idea proposed by Donald C. Smick, a solider under Dwight D. Eisenhower.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the end of the Combined Command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and greetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter Dwight D. Eisenhower wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a recent trip to Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow serving as Grand Marshal of the Inaugural Parade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's new position.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter invites Leonard T. Gerow to a dinner on June 24, 1954. Also included is a list of dinner guests and notes about the evening.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is an invitation to the Inagural ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter invites Letter Leonard T. Gerow and his wife to sit in the Reviewing Stand for the Inaugural Parade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter mentions D-Day and expresses gratitude for Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppointment book contains very brief entries noting assignments and promotions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Normandy beachhead, 33.5 inches x 40 inches, labeled \"Operation Map of the V Corps Attack and landing on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944. This map was carried ashore on D-Day by Lt. General L. T. Gerow, then Major General and Commander of the V Corps, VMI Class of 1911.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.","Letter states that Leonard T. Gerow needs Dwight D. Eisenhower in the War Plans Division.","In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow withdraws his request for Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"detail to\" the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. The letter expresses Leonard T. Gerow's regret that Dwight D. Eisenhower will not be assigned to the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow asks Dwight D. Eisenhower if he would like to come to Washington as his executive or remain as Chief of Staff.","In the telegram, Dwight D. Eisenhower states that it is \"unwise to leave Lewis in the near future.\"","Written from San Antonio, Texas. The letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's orders to Lewis, current staffing, and family matters.","Letter regards news of the War, matters in Washington, D.C., and Leonard T. Gerow's health.","The letter reads \"congratulations and all good wishes from us both.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his promotion and regards the current status of the War Department.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment. Letter also mentions that Leonard T. Gerow's division is moving to \"Carolina for two months\" maneuver.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment and day-to-day activities.","Letter regards military missions and family news.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on North African operations.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his four-star promotion and mentions a \"secret letter\" on training.","Letter regards the importance of training and Dwight D. Eisenhower's military-related advice to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards news of the War and a recent trip taken by Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's recent promotion. Letter also congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"continued success.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"grand victory.\" Letter also contains an enclosure (dated September 8, 1943) from General Sir Hugh Ellis to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for his congratulations and provides general news of the War.","Letter regards a recent trip taken by Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards a package of cheese and mentions the capture of Cherbourg, France.","Letter regards general news of the War.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for lunch and mentions having Gerow visit soon.","Letter encloses a copy of a strategic military idea proposed by Donald C. Smick, a solider under Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards the end of the Combined Command.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement party.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement.","Letter regards general news and greetings.","In the letter Dwight D. Eisenhower wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy anniversary.","Letter regards a recent trip to Virginia.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow serving as Grand Marshal of the Inaugural Parade.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's new position.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter invites Leonard T. Gerow to a dinner on June 24, 1954. Also included is a list of dinner guests and notes about the evening.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter is an invitation to the Inagural ceremonies.","Letter invites Letter Leonard T. Gerow and his wife to sit in the Reviewing Stand for the Inaugural Parade.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter mentions D-Day and expresses gratitude for Leonard T. Gerow.","Appointment book contains very brief entries noting assignments and promotions.","Map of Normandy beachhead, 33.5 inches x 40 inches, labeled \"Operation Map of the V Corps Attack and landing on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944. This map was carried ashore on D-Day by Lt. General L. T. Gerow, then Major General and Commander of the V Corps, VMI Class of 1911.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8eb12fec65a1af7204756d6b8993ac64\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"names_coll_ssim":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":58,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_592.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00009.xml","title_ssm":["Leonard T. Gerow papers"],"title_tesim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1911-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970"],"text":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970","MS.0100","/repositories/3/resources/592","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1911","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Europe","Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","1888 July 13\n        \n          Born in Petersburg, Virginia to Leonard Rogers Gerow and Annie Eloise Saunders.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911\n        \n          Graduated from VMI and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911-1918\n        \n          Served with 19th Infantry and subsequently the 37th and 57th Infantry. Stationed in Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico.\n        \n      \n      \n        1918 April-1919 October\n        \n          Signal Corps Officer, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), France. Officer in charge of purchasing and disbursing.\n        \n      \n      \n        1919-1921\n        \n          Commanding Officer, Signal Corps School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1921-1941 December\n        \n          Served in Washington D.C., the Philippines, and China. During this period, Gerow graduated from the Advanced Course, Infantry School, Fort Benning (1925), the Command and General Staff School (1926), and the Army War College (1931).\n        \n      \n      \n        1941 December-1942 February\n        \n          Named Chief of War Plans Division and Assistant Chief of Staff.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 February\n        \n          Named Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 October 29\n        \n          Division to England.\n        \n      \n      \n        1943 July\n        \n          Named Commanding General, Fifth (V) Corps.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 January 15\n        \n          Assumed command of the Fifteenth Army, European Theater.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 October\n        \n          Returned to the United States and was assigned as Commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1948 January\n        \n          Assumed command of the Second Army, with headquarters at Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1950 July 31\n        \n          Retired as a Lieutenant General.\n        \n      \n      \n        1954 July\n        \n          Appointed as a four-star General by an act of Congress.\n        \n      \n      \n        1972 October 12\n        \n          Died at age 84 in Fort Lee Army Hospital, Petersburg, Virginia.","July 28, 1941\nColonel D. D. Eisenhower,\nChief of Staff, III Army,\nSmith-Young Tower,\nSan Antonio, Texas","Dear Ike: \nI have been so darn busy that I have not told you how delighted I am over your new assignment. I am not in on the \"makes\" but I feel sure your name will be on the next list of B.G.'s. You have certainly earned such recognition.","Washington is a madhouse as usual. First the Russo situation made us do some fast thinking and long-range estimating. I do not think that the Germans are moving as fast as they expected to, but in my opinion they will lick the Russians before winter sets in. Wish it could be otherwise.","Would liked to have kept the Japs quiescent for a few months longer but they had \"ants in their pants\" and just had to move somewhere. Indo-China looked like a cripple so they walked in. I rather doubt that they will move south and feel that they will sit tight in the north until Germany trims Russia. \nEven our brothers in South America seem to be bitten by the war bug. Ecuador and Peru caused us a little extra work over the week end. Of course, the Axis powers are back of most of these disturbances.","My health is fine and I hope to keep it so. Exercise is limited to occasional golf on Sunday. I would like to have more time outdoors. We limit our social activities to official affairs. I am too old to work all day and then play all night.","Mary Louise joins me in love to Mamie and yourself. I would love to see you both.\nDevotedly,","Fort George Meade, Maryland\n1942 April 19","Major General D. D. Eisenhower,\nOperations Division,\nWar Department General Staff,\nMunitions Building, Washington DC","Dear Ike:\nThis is a long delayed note of congratulations on your promotion. I did not know of it until Mamie told me the day she was out here. As a matter of fact, I was so sure of it coming through very shortly that I had considered the appointment as actually made. The third star is just a matter of a few months, No one will be happier than I when you pin it on.","My division is moving to A. P. Hill in echelons. One regiment left this morning, and the remainder of the division will complete its concentration next week. The Command Post will close here at noon on April 21st. All preparations have been made at A. P. Hill.","I am still like a child with a new toy, and feel that I am really accomplished something. Have lost about ten pounds and feel fine. A. P. Hill will give us a wonderful opportunity to get in some real field training. If the War Department will stop stealing my units, personnel and equipment, this Division will be ready to go places by the end of July.","Hope you are not working too hard. Judging from the newspapers, the situation, except in Burma and the Indian Ocean, is not so bad. I chuckle about the press reports I see concerning command in the Southwest Pacific. The underground story must be good.","Will be seeing you soon. Best of love to Mamie and yourself.\nFrom,","Headquarters\nEuropean Theater of Operations\nUnited States Army \n16 July, 1942.","Dear Gee,\nYour letter of July 6th arrived today. You are quite right about the speed with which I moved during the last few days I was in Washington. When I got on the plane, it was only by the grace of God and with the help of the entire Operations Division, that I had any baggage whatsoever.","I knew, of course, that when I got a letter from you it would contain all the nice things you had to say about my appointment here. Better than that, I knew that in your case they would be honest and sincere. In return, I can only any that there is, as you know, no one else in the whole army whose good opinion means so much to me as yours. I hope also that you will not for one minute, believe that you are stymied in division command. While anyone commanding one of our divisions has a man-sized job and need not be bothering his head about anything else, the fact is that you are so eminently fitted for the highest commands that they will never be able to let you stay there long. My visits here merely bear out the conviction you and I have held for many years, that corps, army, and even higher commanders, have to be relatively young men.","Another thing I have noted in going about here, that two things which cannot be over-emphasized are, physical condition of the men, and skill in handling motor transportation. The other day I ran into a division which had just completed ninety miles in three days. It was in fine shape, and it was easy to see that those Britishers were exceedingly proud of what they had done. On the other hand, I do not believe they have made as great advances in handling motor transport as we have. The problem of having it when you want it, using it as you need it, and then getting it out of the way when you don't want it, is really something to solve.","I sincerely hope that your division will get the men and equipment it needs, and then be left alone under your guidance. It they do that, it will be a top-flight outfit and I should be proud to have it here. Which reminds me that I have not looked up to see whether we are asking for divisions by name or merely by total number - I'll have to find out about that. Since you wrote, the powers-that-be have given me a promotion. I'm quite well aware that this does not put any more brains into my thick skull, but it is noticeable that it helps considerably in dealing with the British officers, particularly here in London where much of my work is with the War Office, the Chief of Air Force and so on. Also it places, in the eyes of the British, a certain War Department stamp of approval upon me, thus allowing me to speak in a little louder voice in some of our meetings. I have been quite astonished to find that these people do not seem to resent my frequently fluent flow of Western Kansas profanity. In fact they seem to like it.","Scrappy is doing a good job in the 5th Corps and has two fine Division Commanders, Ward and Ryder. Just today he at last got rid of an unsatisfactory Chief of Staff, and I feel very content with the progress in that sector. J.C.H. Lee is doing well with the S.O.S., and Spaatz with the Air Force. I sincerely hope that soon you will bring your division over here, although I suspect it will be a corps rather than a division that you bring.","With best of luck and much love to Mary-Louise.\nAs ever,\nIke","Major General Leonard T. Gerow,\nCommanding 29th Division,\nA.P.O. No. 29,\nFredericksburg, Va.","15 February 1943","Dear Ike:\nJust a note to tell you how delighted I am over your four-star promotion. I know of no one in our service who has done as much to merit such recognition, or who is as well qualified for the job as you are. You have carried out a most difficult assignment in an outstanding manner in spite of many obstacles, both political and military. Most of my news is gathered from the press, but knowing something of such matters I have been able to read between the lines.","Hartle very kindly let me have a copy of your secret letter, dated January 15th, on training. It is absolutely in accord with my own views on the subject, and just what I have been trying to accomplish in this division. It takes all one's drive and energy to get the real picture down to the Grade 7 soldier. I find inertia and a lack of appreciation of real warfare in all echelons of command, and my most difficult job has been to educate and build up enthusiasm in subordinate commanders. When I can reach the soldier direct, I get an immediate and intelligent response. With due regard to secrecy, I am personally reading your letter to all officers of the division in the hope and belief that it will drive home to them the seriousness of this game and the necessity of perfection in all details.","I shall miss Everett on my infrequent trips to London. In addition to the help he gave me in supply matters, my talks with him always boosted my morale and sent me back to the country with a new lease on life. I am glad you have him with you. He is loyal, unselfish and sound. Lean on him. Give him my best.","Best of luck and every good wish for future successes. I am proud of you. Don't bother to answer this. I know how busy you are.","ALLIED FORCE HEADQUARTERS\nOffice of the Commander-in-Chief \n24 February, 1943.","Dear Gee:\nI could never be too busy to answer such a letter as your latest one to me. Of all the oongratulations and felicitations that I have received on this latest promotion yours, more than in any other case, I know to be absolutely sincere and disinterested. I especially appreciate your sentiments because I can never get over the feeling, one that I have held ever since I made Second Lieutenant, that in every respect you have deserved recognition far above myself. If, therefore, I felt that personal fortune and promotion had any slightest importance in this war, I should have to feel almost regretful that such a distinction came to me instead of to you. But you must know, as well as I do, that certain fortuitous circumstances, more than any indication of peculiar merit, were responsible for my advancement.","The letter I wrote to Hartle on training was from my heart. Moreover, it is not nearly as strong in its language as I would like to make it. I got back this morning from the battlefront. I wish that every Division Commander in the United States Army could go up there right now and see the consequences, the appalling consequences, of failure to achieve in advance some measure of battlefield discipline, to teach his men the essentials of scouting, patrolling and security, to insist upon initiative on the part of every leader from Corporal up, and finally to harden his men to the point that the physique of man can achieve no more. After the first few days our men did splendidly but in those first few we paid a big price. We have the greatest material in the world but our men meat learn what a serious business this is, they must know that their own lives depend upon the thoroughness with which they learn the lessons taught, and officers that fail to devote themselves completely and exclusively to the task must be ruthlessly weeded out. Considerations of friendship, family, kindliness and nice personality have nothing whatever to do with the problem. We owe it to the service to which we belong and certainly we owe it to the men, whose lives depend upon the energy, keenness and thoroughness that we display.","I feel so strongly on this subject that I could write reams. It is enough to say that yours is one division in which I know that everything that one man can do will be done. The only thing on which I would venture to give the slightest advice is that you must be tough. You may not be able to discover among your men those that will be the best battle leaders, but you can find those who are this minute endangering the battle success of your whole command. They are the lazy, the slothful, the indifferent or the complacent. Get rid of them if you have to write letters the rest of your life. Special subjects I would bring to your attention are mine detection, the use of land mines in defense, thorough training in every possible means of anti-tank defense, and in defense against low-flying aircraft. Ground troops themselves must provide their own protection against the dive-bomber. The 50 caliber and rifle fire must be used. Insist that your men get under cover and start a volume of well directed fire into the air. If you don't, in their first battle they will be demoralized, an easy prey to the enemy's infantry and tanks that may come along even in inconsequential numbers. Battle casualties among personnel from the dive-bomber are almost nil, but their moral effect is tremendous. Your truck and vehicle discipline must be perfect; otherwise the enemy's aircraft will knock out 40 or 50 at a whack. That is a sad sight to see along the road when you realize how much shipping space you gave up to bring those same trucks thousands of miles across the ocean. For God's sake don't keep anybody around that you say to yourself \"He may get by\"--he won't. Throw him out and I am sure that your Theater Commander, knowing the deadly seriousness of all this, will back you up to the hilt.","Your letters are always a treat. Write me again when you have the chance, and again many thanks for the thoughtfulness of your note. \nAs ever,\nIke","The Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.","Letter states that Leonard T. Gerow needs Dwight D. Eisenhower in the War Plans Division.","In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow withdraws his request for Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"detail to\" the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. The letter expresses Leonard T. Gerow's regret that Dwight D. Eisenhower will not be assigned to the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow asks Dwight D. Eisenhower if he would like to come to Washington as his executive or remain as Chief of Staff.","In the telegram, Dwight D. Eisenhower states that it is \"unwise to leave Lewis in the near future.\"","Written from San Antonio, Texas. The letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's orders to Lewis, current staffing, and family matters.","Letter regards news of the War, matters in Washington, D.C., and Leonard T. Gerow's health.","The letter reads \"congratulations and all good wishes from us both.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his promotion and regards the current status of the War Department.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment. Letter also mentions that Leonard T. Gerow's division is moving to \"Carolina for two months\" maneuver.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment and day-to-day activities.","Letter regards military missions and family news.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on North African operations.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his four-star promotion and mentions a \"secret letter\" on training.","Letter regards the importance of training and Dwight D. Eisenhower's military-related advice to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards news of the War and a recent trip taken by Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's recent promotion. Letter also congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"continued success.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"grand victory.\" Letter also contains an enclosure (dated September 8, 1943) from General Sir Hugh Ellis to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for his congratulations and provides general news of the War.","Letter regards a recent trip taken by Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards a package of cheese and mentions the capture of Cherbourg, France.","Letter regards general news of the War.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for lunch and mentions having Gerow visit soon.","Letter encloses a copy of a strategic military idea proposed by Donald C. Smick, a solider under Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards the end of the Combined Command.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement party.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement.","Letter regards general news and greetings.","In the letter Dwight D. Eisenhower wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy anniversary.","Letter regards a recent trip to Virginia.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow serving as Grand Marshal of the Inaugural Parade.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's new position.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter invites Leonard T. Gerow to a dinner on June 24, 1954. Also included is a list of dinner guests and notes about the evening.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter is an invitation to the Inagural ceremonies.","Letter invites Letter Leonard T. Gerow and his wife to sit in the Reviewing Stand for the Inaugural Parade.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter mentions D-Day and expresses gratitude for Leonard T. Gerow.","Appointment book contains very brief entries noting assignments and promotions.","Map of Normandy beachhead, 33.5 inches x 40 inches, labeled \"Operation Map of the V Corps Attack and landing on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944. This map was carried ashore on D-Day by Lt. General L. T. Gerow, then Major General and Commander of the V Corps, VMI Class of 1911.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0100","/repositories/3/resources/592"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0100","/repositories/3/resources/592"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972"],"creator_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1911","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Europe","Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1911","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Europe","Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 120 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 cubic feet approximately 120 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Military records","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1888 July 13\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eBorn in Petersburg, Virginia to Leonard Rogers Gerow and Annie Eloise Saunders.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1911\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from VMI and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1911-1918\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with 19th Infantry and subsequently the 37th and 57th Infantry. Stationed in Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1918 April-1919 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eSignal Corps Officer, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), France. Officer in charge of purchasing and disbursing.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1919-1921\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding Officer, Signal Corps School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1921-1941 December\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed in Washington D.C., the Philippines, and China. During this period, Gerow graduated from the Advanced Course, Infantry School, Fort Benning (1925), the Command and General Staff School (1926), and the Army War College (1931).\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1941 December-1942 February\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eNamed Chief of War Plans Division and Assistant Chief of Staff.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942 February\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eNamed Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, Fort George Meade, Maryland.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942 October 29\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDivision to England.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1943 July\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eNamed Commanding General, Fifth (V) Corps.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1945 January 15\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssumed command of the Fifteenth Army, European Theater.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1945 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eReturned to the United States and was assigned as Commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1948 January\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssumed command of the Second Army, with headquarters at Fort George Meade, Maryland.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1950 July 31\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired as a Lieutenant General.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1954 July\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAppointed as a four-star General by an act of Congress.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1972 October 12\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDied at age 84 in Fort Lee Army Hospital, Petersburg, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1888 July 13\n        \n          Born in Petersburg, Virginia to Leonard Rogers Gerow and Annie Eloise Saunders.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911\n        \n          Graduated from VMI and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army.\n        \n      \n      \n        1911-1918\n        \n          Served with 19th Infantry and subsequently the 37th and 57th Infantry. Stationed in Kansas, South Dakota, Texas, and Vera Cruz, Mexico.\n        \n      \n      \n        1918 April-1919 October\n        \n          Signal Corps Officer, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), France. Officer in charge of purchasing and disbursing.\n        \n      \n      \n        1919-1921\n        \n          Commanding Officer, Signal Corps School, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1921-1941 December\n        \n          Served in Washington D.C., the Philippines, and China. During this period, Gerow graduated from the Advanced Course, Infantry School, Fort Benning (1925), the Command and General Staff School (1926), and the Army War College (1931).\n        \n      \n      \n        1941 December-1942 February\n        \n          Named Chief of War Plans Division and Assistant Chief of Staff.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 February\n        \n          Named Commander of the 29th Infantry Division, Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1942 October 29\n        \n          Division to England.\n        \n      \n      \n        1943 July\n        \n          Named Commanding General, Fifth (V) Corps.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 January 15\n        \n          Assumed command of the Fifteenth Army, European Theater.\n        \n      \n      \n        1945 October\n        \n          Returned to the United States and was assigned as Commandant of the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1948 January\n        \n          Assumed command of the Second Army, with headquarters at Fort George Meade, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1950 July 31\n        \n          Retired as a Lieutenant General.\n        \n      \n      \n        1954 July\n        \n          Appointed as a four-star General by an act of Congress.\n        \n      \n      \n        1972 October 12\n        \n          Died at age 84 in Fort Lee Army Hospital, Petersburg, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1941\u003cbr\u003e\nColonel D. D. Eisenhower,\u003cbr\u003e\nChief of Staff, III Army,\u003cbr\u003e\nSmith-Young Tower,\u003cbr\u003e\nSan Antonio, Texas \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Ike:\u003cbr\u003e \nI have been so darn busy that I have not told you how delighted I am over your new assignment. I am not in on the \"makes\" but I feel sure your name will be on the next list of B.G.'s. You have certainly earned such recognition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington is a madhouse as usual. First the Russo situation made us do some fast thinking and long-range estimating. I do not think that the Germans are moving as fast as they expected to, but in my opinion they will lick the Russians before winter sets in. Wish it could be otherwise. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWould liked to have kept the Japs quiescent for a few months longer but they had \"ants in their pants\" and just had to move somewhere. Indo-China looked like a cripple so they walked in. I rather doubt that they will move south and feel that they will sit tight in the north until Germany trims Russia. \nEven our brothers in South America seem to be bitten by the war bug. Ecuador and Peru caused us a little extra work over the week end. Of course, the Axis powers are back of most of these disturbances. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy health is fine and I hope to keep it so. Exercise is limited to occasional golf on Sunday. I would like to have more time outdoors. We limit our social activities to official affairs. I am too old to work all day and then play all night.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Louise joins me in love to Mamie and yourself. I would love to see you both.\u003cbr\u003e\nDevotedly,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFort George Meade, Maryland\u003cbr\u003e\n1942 April 19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor General D. D. Eisenhower,\u003cbr\u003e\nOperations Division,\u003cbr\u003e\nWar Department General Staff,\u003cbr\u003e\nMunitions Building, Washington DC \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Ike:\u003cbr\u003e\nThis is a long delayed note of congratulations on your promotion. I did not know of it until Mamie told me the day she was out here. As a matter of fact, I was so sure of it coming through very shortly that I had considered the appointment as actually made. The third star is just a matter of a few months, No one will be happier than I when you pin it on. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy division is moving to A. P. Hill in echelons. One regiment left this morning, and the remainder of the division will complete its concentration next week. The Command Post will close here at noon on April 21st. All preparations have been made at A. P. Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am still like a child with a new toy, and feel that I am really accomplished something. Have lost about ten pounds and feel fine. A. P. Hill will give us a wonderful opportunity to get in some real field training. If the War Department will stop stealing my units, personnel and equipment, this Division will be ready to go places by the end of July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHope you are not working too hard. Judging from the newspapers, the situation, except in Burma and the Indian Ocean, is not so bad. I chuckle about the press reports I see concerning command in the Southwest Pacific. The underground story must be good. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWill be seeing you soon. Best of love to Mamie and yourself.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHeadquarters\u003cbr\u003e\nEuropean Theater of Operations\u003cbr\u003e\nUnited States Army\u003cbr\u003e \n16 July, 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Gee,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter of July 6th arrived today. You are quite right about the speed with which I moved during the last few days I was in Washington. When I got on the plane, it was only by the grace of God and with the help of the entire Operations Division, that I had any baggage whatsoever.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI knew, of course, that when I got a letter from you it would contain all the nice things you had to say about my appointment here. Better than that, I knew that in your case they would be honest and sincere. In return, I can only any that there is, as you know, no one else in the whole army whose good opinion means so much to me as yours. I hope also that you will not for one minute, believe that you are stymied in division command. While anyone commanding one of our divisions has a man-sized job and need not be bothering his head about anything else, the fact is that you are so eminently fitted for the highest commands that they will never be able to let you stay there long. My visits here merely bear out the conviction you and I have held for many years, that corps, army, and even higher commanders, have to be relatively young men. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother thing I have noted in going about here, that two things which cannot be over-emphasized are, physical condition of the men, and skill in handling motor transportation. The other day I ran into a division which had just completed ninety miles in three days. It was in fine shape, and it was easy to see that those Britishers were exceedingly proud of what they had done. On the other hand, I do not believe they have made as great advances in handling motor transport as we have. The problem of having it when you want it, using it as you need it, and then getting it out of the way when you don't want it, is really something to solve. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI sincerely hope that your division will get the men and equipment it needs, and then be left alone under your guidance. It they do that, it will be a top-flight outfit and I should be proud to have it here. Which reminds me that I have not looked up to see whether we are asking for divisions by name or merely by total number - I'll have to find out about that. Since you wrote, the powers-that-be have given me a promotion. I'm quite well aware that this does not put any more brains into my thick skull, but it is noticeable that it helps considerably in dealing with the British officers, particularly here in London where much of my work is with the War Office, the Chief of Air Force and so on. Also it places, in the eyes of the British, a certain War Department stamp of approval upon me, thus allowing me to speak in a little louder voice in some of our meetings. I have been quite astonished to find that these people do not seem to resent my frequently fluent flow of Western Kansas profanity. In fact they seem to like it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrappy is doing a good job in the 5th Corps and has two fine Division Commanders, Ward and Ryder. Just today he at last got rid of an unsatisfactory Chief of Staff, and I feel very content with the progress in that sector. J.C.H. Lee is doing well with the S.O.S., and Spaatz with the Air Force. I sincerely hope that soon you will bring your division over here, although I suspect it will be a corps rather than a division that you bring. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith best of luck and much love to Mary-Louise.\u003cbr\u003e\nAs ever,\u003cbr\u003e\nIke \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor General Leonard T. Gerow,\u003cbr\u003e\nCommanding 29th Division,\u003cbr\u003e\nA.P.O. No. 29,\u003cbr\u003e\nFredericksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15 February 1943 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Ike:\u003cbr\u003e\nJust a note to tell you how delighted I am over your four-star promotion. I know of no one in our service who has done as much to merit such recognition, or who is as well qualified for the job as you are. You have carried out a most difficult assignment in an outstanding manner in spite of many obstacles, both political and military. Most of my news is gathered from the press, but knowing something of such matters I have been able to read between the lines. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHartle very kindly let me have a copy of your secret letter, dated January 15th, on training. It is absolutely in accord with my own views on the subject, and just what I have been trying to accomplish in this division. It takes all one's drive and energy to get the real picture down to the Grade 7 soldier. I find inertia and a lack of appreciation of real warfare in all echelons of command, and my most difficult job has been to educate and build up enthusiasm in subordinate commanders. When I can reach the soldier direct, I get an immediate and intelligent response. With due regard to secrecy, I am personally reading your letter to all officers of the division in the hope and belief that it will drive home to them the seriousness of this game and the necessity of perfection in all details. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall miss Everett on my infrequent trips to London. In addition to the help he gave me in supply matters, my talks with him always boosted my morale and sent me back to the country with a new lease on life. I am glad you have him with you. He is loyal, unselfish and sound. Lean on him. Give him my best. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBest of luck and every good wish for future successes. I am proud of you. Don't bother to answer this. I know how busy you are.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eALLIED FORCE HEADQUARTERS\u003cbr\u003e\nOffice of the Commander-in-Chief\u003cbr\u003e \n24 February, 1943. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Gee:\u003cbr\u003e\nI could never be too busy to answer such a letter as your latest one to me. Of all the oongratulations and felicitations that I have received on this latest promotion yours, more than in any other case, I know to be absolutely sincere and disinterested. I especially appreciate your sentiments because I can never get over the feeling, one that I have held ever since I made Second Lieutenant, that in every respect you have deserved recognition far above myself. If, therefore, I felt that personal fortune and promotion had any slightest importance in this war, I should have to feel almost regretful that such a distinction came to me instead of to you. But you must know, as well as I do, that certain fortuitous circumstances, more than any indication of peculiar merit, were responsible for my advancement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter I wrote to Hartle on training was from my heart. Moreover, it is not nearly as strong in its language as I would like to make it. I got back this morning from the battlefront. I wish that every Division Commander in the United States Army could go up there right now and see the consequences, the appalling consequences, of failure to achieve in advance some measure of battlefield discipline, to teach his men the essentials of scouting, patrolling and security, to insist upon initiative on the part of every leader from Corporal up, and finally to harden his men to the point that the physique of man can achieve no more. After the first few days our men did splendidly but in those first few we paid a big price. We have the greatest material in the world but our men meat learn what a serious business this is, they must know that their own lives depend upon the thoroughness with which they learn the lessons taught, and officers that fail to devote themselves completely and exclusively to the task must be ruthlessly weeded out. Considerations of friendship, family, kindliness and nice personality have nothing whatever to do with the problem. We owe it to the service to which we belong and certainly we owe it to the men, whose lives depend upon the energy, keenness and thoroughness that we display. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI feel so strongly on this subject that I could write reams. It is enough to say that yours is one division in which I know that everything that one man can do will be done. The only thing on which I would venture to give the slightest advice is that you must be tough. You may not be able to discover among your men those that will be the best battle leaders, but you can find those who are this minute endangering the battle success of your whole command. They are the lazy, the slothful, the indifferent or the complacent. Get rid of them if you have to write letters the rest of your life. Special subjects I would bring to your attention are mine detection, the use of land mines in defense, thorough training in every possible means of anti-tank defense, and in defense against low-flying aircraft. Ground troops themselves must provide their own protection against the dive-bomber. The 50 caliber and rifle fire must be used. Insist that your men get under cover and start a volume of well directed fire into the air. If you don't, in their first battle they will be demoralized, an easy prey to the enemy's infantry and tanks that may come along even in inconsequential numbers. Battle casualties among personnel from the dive-bomber are almost nil, but their moral effect is tremendous. Your truck and vehicle discipline must be perfect; otherwise the enemy's aircraft will knock out 40 or 50 at a whack. That is a sad sight to see along the road when you realize how much shipping space you gave up to bring those same trucks thousands of miles across the ocean. For God's sake don't keep anybody around that you say to yourself \"He may get by\"--he won't. Throw him out and I am sure that your Theater Commander, knowing the deadly seriousness of all this, will back you up to the hilt. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYour letters are always a treat. Write me again when you have the chance, and again many thanks for the thoughtfulness of your note. \nAs ever,\u003cbr\u003e\nIke \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["July 28, 1941\nColonel D. D. Eisenhower,\nChief of Staff, III Army,\nSmith-Young Tower,\nSan Antonio, Texas","Dear Ike: \nI have been so darn busy that I have not told you how delighted I am over your new assignment. I am not in on the \"makes\" but I feel sure your name will be on the next list of B.G.'s. You have certainly earned such recognition.","Washington is a madhouse as usual. First the Russo situation made us do some fast thinking and long-range estimating. I do not think that the Germans are moving as fast as they expected to, but in my opinion they will lick the Russians before winter sets in. Wish it could be otherwise.","Would liked to have kept the Japs quiescent for a few months longer but they had \"ants in their pants\" and just had to move somewhere. Indo-China looked like a cripple so they walked in. I rather doubt that they will move south and feel that they will sit tight in the north until Germany trims Russia. \nEven our brothers in South America seem to be bitten by the war bug. Ecuador and Peru caused us a little extra work over the week end. Of course, the Axis powers are back of most of these disturbances.","My health is fine and I hope to keep it so. Exercise is limited to occasional golf on Sunday. I would like to have more time outdoors. We limit our social activities to official affairs. I am too old to work all day and then play all night.","Mary Louise joins me in love to Mamie and yourself. I would love to see you both.\nDevotedly,","Fort George Meade, Maryland\n1942 April 19","Major General D. D. Eisenhower,\nOperations Division,\nWar Department General Staff,\nMunitions Building, Washington DC","Dear Ike:\nThis is a long delayed note of congratulations on your promotion. I did not know of it until Mamie told me the day she was out here. As a matter of fact, I was so sure of it coming through very shortly that I had considered the appointment as actually made. The third star is just a matter of a few months, No one will be happier than I when you pin it on.","My division is moving to A. P. Hill in echelons. One regiment left this morning, and the remainder of the division will complete its concentration next week. The Command Post will close here at noon on April 21st. All preparations have been made at A. P. Hill.","I am still like a child with a new toy, and feel that I am really accomplished something. Have lost about ten pounds and feel fine. A. P. Hill will give us a wonderful opportunity to get in some real field training. If the War Department will stop stealing my units, personnel and equipment, this Division will be ready to go places by the end of July.","Hope you are not working too hard. Judging from the newspapers, the situation, except in Burma and the Indian Ocean, is not so bad. I chuckle about the press reports I see concerning command in the Southwest Pacific. The underground story must be good.","Will be seeing you soon. Best of love to Mamie and yourself.\nFrom,","Headquarters\nEuropean Theater of Operations\nUnited States Army \n16 July, 1942.","Dear Gee,\nYour letter of July 6th arrived today. You are quite right about the speed with which I moved during the last few days I was in Washington. When I got on the plane, it was only by the grace of God and with the help of the entire Operations Division, that I had any baggage whatsoever.","I knew, of course, that when I got a letter from you it would contain all the nice things you had to say about my appointment here. Better than that, I knew that in your case they would be honest and sincere. In return, I can only any that there is, as you know, no one else in the whole army whose good opinion means so much to me as yours. I hope also that you will not for one minute, believe that you are stymied in division command. While anyone commanding one of our divisions has a man-sized job and need not be bothering his head about anything else, the fact is that you are so eminently fitted for the highest commands that they will never be able to let you stay there long. My visits here merely bear out the conviction you and I have held for many years, that corps, army, and even higher commanders, have to be relatively young men.","Another thing I have noted in going about here, that two things which cannot be over-emphasized are, physical condition of the men, and skill in handling motor transportation. The other day I ran into a division which had just completed ninety miles in three days. It was in fine shape, and it was easy to see that those Britishers were exceedingly proud of what they had done. On the other hand, I do not believe they have made as great advances in handling motor transport as we have. The problem of having it when you want it, using it as you need it, and then getting it out of the way when you don't want it, is really something to solve.","I sincerely hope that your division will get the men and equipment it needs, and then be left alone under your guidance. It they do that, it will be a top-flight outfit and I should be proud to have it here. Which reminds me that I have not looked up to see whether we are asking for divisions by name or merely by total number - I'll have to find out about that. Since you wrote, the powers-that-be have given me a promotion. I'm quite well aware that this does not put any more brains into my thick skull, but it is noticeable that it helps considerably in dealing with the British officers, particularly here in London where much of my work is with the War Office, the Chief of Air Force and so on. Also it places, in the eyes of the British, a certain War Department stamp of approval upon me, thus allowing me to speak in a little louder voice in some of our meetings. I have been quite astonished to find that these people do not seem to resent my frequently fluent flow of Western Kansas profanity. In fact they seem to like it.","Scrappy is doing a good job in the 5th Corps and has two fine Division Commanders, Ward and Ryder. Just today he at last got rid of an unsatisfactory Chief of Staff, and I feel very content with the progress in that sector. J.C.H. Lee is doing well with the S.O.S., and Spaatz with the Air Force. I sincerely hope that soon you will bring your division over here, although I suspect it will be a corps rather than a division that you bring.","With best of luck and much love to Mary-Louise.\nAs ever,\nIke","Major General Leonard T. Gerow,\nCommanding 29th Division,\nA.P.O. No. 29,\nFredericksburg, Va.","15 February 1943","Dear Ike:\nJust a note to tell you how delighted I am over your four-star promotion. I know of no one in our service who has done as much to merit such recognition, or who is as well qualified for the job as you are. You have carried out a most difficult assignment in an outstanding manner in spite of many obstacles, both political and military. Most of my news is gathered from the press, but knowing something of such matters I have been able to read between the lines.","Hartle very kindly let me have a copy of your secret letter, dated January 15th, on training. It is absolutely in accord with my own views on the subject, and just what I have been trying to accomplish in this division. It takes all one's drive and energy to get the real picture down to the Grade 7 soldier. I find inertia and a lack of appreciation of real warfare in all echelons of command, and my most difficult job has been to educate and build up enthusiasm in subordinate commanders. When I can reach the soldier direct, I get an immediate and intelligent response. With due regard to secrecy, I am personally reading your letter to all officers of the division in the hope and belief that it will drive home to them the seriousness of this game and the necessity of perfection in all details.","I shall miss Everett on my infrequent trips to London. In addition to the help he gave me in supply matters, my talks with him always boosted my morale and sent me back to the country with a new lease on life. I am glad you have him with you. He is loyal, unselfish and sound. Lean on him. Give him my best.","Best of luck and every good wish for future successes. I am proud of you. Don't bother to answer this. I know how busy you are.","ALLIED FORCE HEADQUARTERS\nOffice of the Commander-in-Chief \n24 February, 1943.","Dear Gee:\nI could never be too busy to answer such a letter as your latest one to me. Of all the oongratulations and felicitations that I have received on this latest promotion yours, more than in any other case, I know to be absolutely sincere and disinterested. I especially appreciate your sentiments because I can never get over the feeling, one that I have held ever since I made Second Lieutenant, that in every respect you have deserved recognition far above myself. If, therefore, I felt that personal fortune and promotion had any slightest importance in this war, I should have to feel almost regretful that such a distinction came to me instead of to you. But you must know, as well as I do, that certain fortuitous circumstances, more than any indication of peculiar merit, were responsible for my advancement.","The letter I wrote to Hartle on training was from my heart. Moreover, it is not nearly as strong in its language as I would like to make it. I got back this morning from the battlefront. I wish that every Division Commander in the United States Army could go up there right now and see the consequences, the appalling consequences, of failure to achieve in advance some measure of battlefield discipline, to teach his men the essentials of scouting, patrolling and security, to insist upon initiative on the part of every leader from Corporal up, and finally to harden his men to the point that the physique of man can achieve no more. After the first few days our men did splendidly but in those first few we paid a big price. We have the greatest material in the world but our men meat learn what a serious business this is, they must know that their own lives depend upon the thoroughness with which they learn the lessons taught, and officers that fail to devote themselves completely and exclusively to the task must be ruthlessly weeded out. Considerations of friendship, family, kindliness and nice personality have nothing whatever to do with the problem. We owe it to the service to which we belong and certainly we owe it to the men, whose lives depend upon the energy, keenness and thoroughness that we display.","I feel so strongly on this subject that I could write reams. It is enough to say that yours is one division in which I know that everything that one man can do will be done. The only thing on which I would venture to give the slightest advice is that you must be tough. You may not be able to discover among your men those that will be the best battle leaders, but you can find those who are this minute endangering the battle success of your whole command. They are the lazy, the slothful, the indifferent or the complacent. Get rid of them if you have to write letters the rest of your life. Special subjects I would bring to your attention are mine detection, the use of land mines in defense, thorough training in every possible means of anti-tank defense, and in defense against low-flying aircraft. Ground troops themselves must provide their own protection against the dive-bomber. The 50 caliber and rifle fire must be used. Insist that your men get under cover and start a volume of well directed fire into the air. If you don't, in their first battle they will be demoralized, an easy prey to the enemy's infantry and tanks that may come along even in inconsequential numbers. Battle casualties among personnel from the dive-bomber are almost nil, but their moral effect is tremendous. Your truck and vehicle discipline must be perfect; otherwise the enemy's aircraft will knock out 40 or 50 at a whack. That is a sad sight to see along the road when you realize how much shipping space you gave up to bring those same trucks thousands of miles across the ocean. For God's sake don't keep anybody around that you say to yourself \"He may get by\"--he won't. Throw him out and I am sure that your Theater Commander, knowing the deadly seriousness of all this, will back you up to the hilt.","Your letters are always a treat. Write me again when you have the chance, and again many thanks for the thoughtfulness of your note. \nAs ever,\nIke"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeonard T. Gerow papers, 1911-1970. MS 0100. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Leonard T. Gerow papers, 1911-1970. MS 0100. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eLetter states that Leonard T. Gerow needs Dwight D. Eisenhower in the War Plans Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter, Leonard T. Gerow withdraws his request for Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"detail to\" the War Plans Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Lewis, Washington. The letter expresses Leonard T. Gerow's regret that Dwight D. Eisenhower will not be assigned to the War Plans Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fort Lewis, Washington. In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow asks Dwight D. Eisenhower if he would like to come to Washington as his executive or remain as Chief of Staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the telegram, Dwight D. Eisenhower states that it is \"unwise to leave Lewis in the near future.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from San Antonio, Texas. The letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's orders to Lewis, current staffing, and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards news of the War, matters in Washington, D.C., and Leonard T. Gerow's health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letter reads \"congratulations and all good wishes from us both.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his promotion and regards the current status of the War Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment. Letter also mentions that Leonard T. Gerow's division is moving to \"Carolina for two months\" maneuver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment and day-to-day activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards military missions and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on North African operations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his four-star promotion and mentions a \"secret letter\" on training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the importance of training and Dwight D. Eisenhower's military-related advice to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards news of the War and a recent trip taken by Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow's recent promotion. Letter also congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"continued success.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"grand victory.\" Letter also contains an enclosure (dated September 8, 1943) from General Sir Hugh Ellis to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for his congratulations and provides general news of the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a recent trip taken by Dwight D. Eisenhower.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a package of cheese and mentions the capture of Cherbourg, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news of the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for lunch and mentions having Gerow visit soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter encloses a copy of a strategic military idea proposed by Donald C. Smick, a solider under Dwight D. Eisenhower.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the end of the Combined Command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards general news and greetings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the letter Dwight D. Eisenhower wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards a recent trip to Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Leonard T. Gerow serving as Grand Marshal of the Inaugural Parade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's new position.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter invites Leonard T. Gerow to a dinner on June 24, 1954. Also included is a list of dinner guests and notes about the evening.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is an invitation to the Inagural ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter invites Letter Leonard T. Gerow and his wife to sit in the Reviewing Stand for the Inaugural Parade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter mentions D-Day and expresses gratitude for Leonard T. Gerow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppointment book contains very brief entries noting assignments and promotions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Normandy beachhead, 33.5 inches x 40 inches, labeled \"Operation Map of the V Corps Attack and landing on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944. This map was carried ashore on D-Day by Lt. General L. T. Gerow, then Major General and Commander of the V Corps, VMI Class of 1911.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Leonard T. Gerow papers consist of documents and photographs (approximately 120 items) from the military career of United States Army General Gerow. The collection includes correspondence with General Dwight D. Eisenhower, autobiographical material, speeches (1945 to 1948), and photographs. Material complementary to this collection is in Gerow's student/alumni file, which is located in the VMI Archives.","Letter states that Leonard T. Gerow needs Dwight D. Eisenhower in the War Plans Division.","In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow withdraws his request for Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"detail to\" the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. The letter expresses Leonard T. Gerow's regret that Dwight D. Eisenhower will not be assigned to the War Plans Division.","Written from Fort Lewis, Washington. In the letter, Leonard T. Gerow asks Dwight D. Eisenhower if he would like to come to Washington as his executive or remain as Chief of Staff.","In the telegram, Dwight D. Eisenhower states that it is \"unwise to leave Lewis in the near future.\"","Written from San Antonio, Texas. The letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's orders to Lewis, current staffing, and family matters.","Letter regards news of the War, matters in Washington, D.C., and Leonard T. Gerow's health.","The letter reads \"congratulations and all good wishes from us both.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his promotion and regards the current status of the War Department.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment. Letter also mentions that Leonard T. Gerow's division is moving to \"Carolina for two months\" maneuver.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's appointment and day-to-day activities.","Letter regards military missions and family news.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on North African operations.","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his four-star promotion and mentions a \"secret letter\" on training.","Letter regards the importance of training and Dwight D. Eisenhower's military-related advice to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards news of the War and a recent trip taken by Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's recent promotion. Letter also congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"continued success.\"","Letter congratulates Dwight D. Eisenhower on his \"grand victory.\" Letter also contains an enclosure (dated September 8, 1943) from General Sir Hugh Ellis to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for his congratulations and provides general news of the War.","Letter regards a recent trip taken by Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards a package of cheese and mentions the capture of Cherbourg, France.","Letter regards general news of the War.","Letter thanks Leonard T. Gerow for lunch and mentions having Gerow visit soon.","Letter encloses a copy of a strategic military idea proposed by Donald C. Smick, a solider under Dwight D. Eisenhower.","Letter regards the end of the Combined Command.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement party.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow's retirement.","Letter regards general news and greetings.","In the letter Dwight D. Eisenhower wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy anniversary.","Letter regards a recent trip to Virginia.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter regards Leonard T. Gerow serving as Grand Marshal of the Inaugural Parade.","Letter regards Dwight D. Eisenhower's new position.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter invites Leonard T. Gerow to a dinner on June 24, 1954. Also included is a list of dinner guests and notes about the evening.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow and his wife.","Letter is an invitation to the Inagural ceremonies.","Letter invites Letter Leonard T. Gerow and his wife to sit in the Reviewing Stand for the Inaugural Parade.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter wishes Leonard T. Gerow a happy birthday.","Letter is a personal greeting to Leonard T. Gerow.","Letter mentions D-Day and expresses gratitude for Leonard T. Gerow.","Appointment book contains very brief entries noting assignments and promotions.","Map of Normandy beachhead, 33.5 inches x 40 inches, labeled \"Operation Map of the V Corps Attack and landing on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, 6 June 1944. This map was carried ashore on D-Day by Lt. General L. T. Gerow, then Major General and Commander of the V Corps, VMI Class of 1911.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8eb12fec65a1af7204756d6b8993ac64\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"names_coll_ssim":["Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gerow, Leonard T. (Leonard Townsend), 1888-1972","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":58,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_592"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1047#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1047#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1047#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1047.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nadel, Murray Papers","title_ssm":["Murray Nadel Papers"],"title_tesim":["Murray Nadel Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1981","1943-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1981"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"text":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950","SC 00794","/repositories/2/resources/1047","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans--United States","Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Seller acquired papers directly from Murray Nadel's estate.","Accessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by SCRC staff.","Papers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.","An itemized description was provided by the seller. See folder link below.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\n\"Page # 1 : Picture of Murray sitting on a park bench in his Dress Uniform with his crewman's Wings Page # 2: front of page copy of Murray's Separation Qualification Record, redlined to to change term of Imprisonment from 16 months to 17 states he was liberated in May 1945,rear of page is info on Murray's background such as education, as Machine operator, and sales clerk Page # 3: front and back of page are extract orders dated 23 October 1945 Page # 4 :copy of Enlisted Record and Report of Sepqration has notes on Murray's Medals/Awards : American Theater, EAME, Good Conduct, Purple Heart, Air Medal, mentions his ankle injury obtained during landing after bailout 11 January 44 Germany Page #5 : front of page is a list of all Flight Crew that bailed out including home adresses and next of kin, back of page are hand written notes one of which is S/Sgt Sutton (casualty) Page # 6: copy of restricted Missing Air Crew Report lists all Crew aboard plane, their positions; all but 2 being RTD (returned to duty) 2 being KIA (killed in Action) dated Mar 1 1946 Page # 7: Original 4 page letter dated March 18,1949 (notarized) written by Louis Sortino describing and validating Murray's interment in Stalag 17 B located in Krems Austria, talks of a march they made ,to get the camp sleeping outside under shelters they fashioned from branches and bark Page # 8:copy of Casualty questionnaire for Murray Nadel ,notes that Noel Hillyard , waist door (gunner) was found dead on ground 200 yards from downed Aircraft \"He never pulled his ripcord\". Page # 9 : an original write up on the 379th BG describing their action ans accomplishments Page # 10: front and back of page is an original listing of \"restricted\" listing men who are to report to duty from rehabilitation and recovery dated 24 July 1945 Page #11: copy of \"Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces\" for Waggoner Jr 2nd Lt Page #12: same as above for Young 2nd Lt, both were captured by the Mayor of Sievershausen 11 Jan 44 Page #13: copy of report on Captured aircraft shot down by Fighter, notes plane was heavily destroyed and disintegrated into small pieces,notes plane was B17 F 2780 -R Page #14: Copy Casualty Questionnaire for Herbert Young 2nd Lt speaks of mission and details Page # 15: front of page same as above for Sutton Robert J (dead),back of page describes the details of wounds Sutton received shrapnel and he was discovered (dead ) prior to Bailout,he had flown 4 missions prior his missions are listed Page # 16: copy of page giving additional details on Sutton by Lt Waggonor Page # 17: front of page copy of Individual Casualty Report on Hillyard,by Murray Nadel, notes that Hillyard last man out of the waist but his chute was still attached and unopened on ground,lots of other details,back of page handwritten notes by Murray discussing Identity and that Germans had removed his dogtags Page #18:copy of notes speaking about Mayoy of Burgdorf and familiarity of crash site 11 Jan 44 Page #19: copy of handwritten page on Crew, Rank DOB, note taken prisoner ID numbers etc. Page # 20 : Murray's original Birth Certificate Dec 2 1918 Page #21: Original Newspaer article which Says : Nadel retires after 25 years as Postman Jan 9th,1981. Below that a photo of Murray and Eli Wallach (Hollywood Actor ) Page # 22: copy Casualty Questionnaire for William Cowan S/Sgt. speaks to Robert Sutton being found dead Page # 23 : front of page copy of Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces on Adkins, Bray taken prisoner by Mayor of Haenigsen Page #24: original certificate dated 12 -1-49 for benefits by USA Veterans Administration Page 25: front of page,original letter speaking to Murray's involvement in the crash and the US Headquarters of Army Air forces intention to investigate the crash details fully .back of page original letter to Murray detailing his entitlement to Monthly award of $ by Veterans Administration. Page #26: copy of Military Education for Murray Nadel Page #27: there is a loose 8 x 10 of Murray and his wife on their Wedding Day , a loose photo of a very thin gaunt Murray being examined by Physician ,this is an official photo having much info written on the back in blue type it is hand initialed and dated 2 May 1945\"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00794","/repositories/2/resources/1047"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00794","/repositories/2/resources/1047"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"creator_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase (Ebay)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans--United States","Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans--United States","Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeller acquired papers directly from Murray Nadel's estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Seller acquired papers directly from Murray Nadel's estate."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMurray Nadel Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Murray Nadel Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by SCRC staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by SCRC staff."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.","An itemized description was provided by the seller. See folder link below.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\n\"Page # 1 : Picture of Murray sitting on a park bench in his Dress Uniform with his crewman's Wings Page # 2: front of page copy of Murray's Separation Qualification Record, redlined to to change term of Imprisonment from 16 months to 17 states he was liberated in May 1945,rear of page is info on Murray's background such as education, as Machine operator, and sales clerk Page # 3: front and back of page are extract orders dated 23 October 1945 Page # 4 :copy of Enlisted Record and Report of Sepqration has notes on Murray's Medals/Awards : American Theater, EAME, Good Conduct, Purple Heart, Air Medal, mentions his ankle injury obtained during landing after bailout 11 January 44 Germany Page #5 : front of page is a list of all Flight Crew that bailed out including home adresses and next of kin, back of page are hand written notes one of which is S/Sgt Sutton (casualty) Page # 6: copy of restricted Missing Air Crew Report lists all Crew aboard plane, their positions; all but 2 being RTD (returned to duty) 2 being KIA (killed in Action) dated Mar 1 1946 Page # 7: Original 4 page letter dated March 18,1949 (notarized) written by Louis Sortino describing and validating Murray's interment in Stalag 17 B located in Krems Austria, talks of a march they made ,to get the camp sleeping outside under shelters they fashioned from branches and bark Page # 8:copy of Casualty questionnaire for Murray Nadel ,notes that Noel Hillyard , waist door (gunner) was found dead on ground 200 yards from downed Aircraft \"He never pulled his ripcord\". Page # 9 : an original write up on the 379th BG describing their action ans accomplishments Page # 10: front and back of page is an original listing of \"restricted\" listing men who are to report to duty from rehabilitation and recovery dated 24 July 1945 Page #11: copy of \"Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces\" for Waggoner Jr 2nd Lt Page #12: same as above for Young 2nd Lt, both were captured by the Mayor of Sievershausen 11 Jan 44 Page #13: copy of report on Captured aircraft shot down by Fighter, notes plane was heavily destroyed and disintegrated into small pieces,notes plane was B17 F 2780 -R Page #14: Copy Casualty Questionnaire for Herbert Young 2nd Lt speaks of mission and details Page # 15: front of page same as above for Sutton Robert J (dead),back of page describes the details of wounds Sutton received shrapnel and he was discovered (dead ) prior to Bailout,he had flown 4 missions prior his missions are listed Page # 16: copy of page giving additional details on Sutton by Lt Waggonor Page # 17: front of page copy of Individual Casualty Report on Hillyard,by Murray Nadel, notes that Hillyard last man out of the waist but his chute was still attached and unopened on ground,lots of other details,back of page handwritten notes by Murray discussing Identity and that Germans had removed his dogtags Page #18:copy of notes speaking about Mayoy of Burgdorf and familiarity of crash site 11 Jan 44 Page #19: copy of handwritten page on Crew, Rank DOB, note taken prisoner ID numbers etc. Page # 20 : Murray's original Birth Certificate Dec 2 1918 Page #21: Original Newspaer article which Says : Nadel retires after 25 years as Postman Jan 9th,1981. Below that a photo of Murray and Eli Wallach (Hollywood Actor ) Page # 22: copy Casualty Questionnaire for William Cowan S/Sgt. speaks to Robert Sutton being found dead Page # 23 : front of page copy of Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces on Adkins, Bray taken prisoner by Mayor of Haenigsen Page #24: original certificate dated 12 -1-49 for benefits by USA Veterans Administration Page 25: front of page,original letter speaking to Murray's involvement in the crash and the US Headquarters of Army Air forces intention to investigate the crash details fully .back of page original letter to Murray detailing his entitlement to Monthly award of $ by Veterans Administration. Page #26: copy of Military Education for Murray Nadel Page #27: there is a loose 8 x 10 of Murray and his wife on their Wedding Day , a loose photo of a very thin gaunt Murray being examined by Physician ,this is an official photo having much info written on the back in blue type it is hand initialed and dated 2 May 1945\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e An itemized description was provided by the seller. See folder link below.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\n\"Page # 1 : Picture of Murray sitting on a park bench in his Dress Uniform with his crewman's Wings Page # 2: front of page copy of Murray's Separation Qualification Record, redlined to to change term of Imprisonment from 16 months to 17 states he was liberated in May 1945,rear of page is info on Murray's background such as education, as Machine operator, and sales clerk Page # 3: front and back of page are extract orders dated 23 October 1945 Page # 4 :copy of Enlisted Record and Report of Sepqration has notes on Murray's Medals/Awards : American Theater, EAME, Good Conduct, Purple Heart, Air Medal, mentions his ankle injury obtained during landing after bailout 11 January 44 Germany Page #5 : front of page is a list of all Flight Crew that bailed out including home adresses and next of kin, back of page are hand written notes one of which is S/Sgt Sutton (casualty) Page # 6: copy of restricted Missing Air Crew Report lists all Crew aboard plane, their positions; all but 2 being RTD (returned to duty) 2 being KIA (killed in Action) dated Mar 1 1946 Page # 7: Original 4 page letter dated March 18,1949 (notarized) written by Louis Sortino describing and validating Murray's interment in Stalag 17 B located in Krems Austria, talks of a march they made ,to get the camp sleeping outside under shelters they fashioned from branches and bark Page # 8:copy of Casualty questionnaire for Murray Nadel ,notes that Noel Hillyard , waist door (gunner) was found dead on ground 200 yards from downed Aircraft \"He never pulled his ripcord\". Page # 9 : an original write up on the 379th BG describing their action ans accomplishments Page # 10: front and back of page is an original listing of \"restricted\" listing men who are to report to duty from rehabilitation and recovery dated 24 July 1945 Page #11: copy of \"Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces\" for Waggoner Jr 2nd Lt Page #12: same as above for Young 2nd Lt, both were captured by the Mayor of Sievershausen 11 Jan 44 Page #13: copy of report on Captured aircraft shot down by Fighter, notes plane was heavily destroyed and disintegrated into small pieces,notes plane was B17 F 2780 -R Page #14: Copy Casualty Questionnaire for Herbert Young 2nd Lt speaks of mission and details Page # 15: front of page same as above for Sutton Robert J (dead),back of page describes the details of wounds Sutton received shrapnel and he was discovered (dead ) prior to Bailout,he had flown 4 missions prior his missions are listed Page # 16: copy of page giving additional details on Sutton by Lt Waggonor Page # 17: front of page copy of Individual Casualty Report on Hillyard,by Murray Nadel, notes that Hillyard last man out of the waist but his chute was still attached and unopened on ground,lots of other details,back of page handwritten notes by Murray discussing Identity and that Germans had removed his dogtags Page #18:copy of notes speaking about Mayoy of Burgdorf and familiarity of crash site 11 Jan 44 Page #19: copy of handwritten page on Crew, Rank DOB, note taken prisoner ID numbers etc. Page # 20 : Murray's original Birth Certificate Dec 2 1918 Page #21: Original Newspaer article which Says : Nadel retires after 25 years as Postman Jan 9th,1981. Below that a photo of Murray and Eli Wallach (Hollywood Actor ) Page # 22: copy Casualty Questionnaire for William Cowan S/Sgt. speaks to Robert Sutton being found dead Page # 23 : front of page copy of Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces on Adkins, Bray taken prisoner by Mayor of Haenigsen Page #24: original certificate dated 12 -1-49 for benefits by USA Veterans Administration Page 25: front of page,original letter speaking to Murray's involvement in the crash and the US Headquarters of Army Air forces intention to investigate the crash details fully .back of page original letter to Murray detailing his entitlement to Monthly award of $ by Veterans Administration. Page #26: copy of Military Education for Murray Nadel Page #27: there is a loose 8 x 10 of Murray and his wife on their Wedding Day , a loose photo of a very thin gaunt Murray being examined by Physician ,this is an official photo having much info written on the back in blue type it is hand initialed and dated 2 May 1945\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1047","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1047.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nadel, Murray Papers","title_ssm":["Murray Nadel Papers"],"title_tesim":["Murray Nadel Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1981","1943-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1981"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"text":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950","SC 00794","/repositories/2/resources/1047","World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans--United States","Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Seller acquired papers directly from Murray Nadel's estate.","Accessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by SCRC staff.","Papers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.","An itemized description was provided by the seller. See folder link below.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\n\"Page # 1 : Picture of Murray sitting on a park bench in his Dress Uniform with his crewman's Wings Page # 2: front of page copy of Murray's Separation Qualification Record, redlined to to change term of Imprisonment from 16 months to 17 states he was liberated in May 1945,rear of page is info on Murray's background such as education, as Machine operator, and sales clerk Page # 3: front and back of page are extract orders dated 23 October 1945 Page # 4 :copy of Enlisted Record and Report of Sepqration has notes on Murray's Medals/Awards : American Theater, EAME, Good Conduct, Purple Heart, Air Medal, mentions his ankle injury obtained during landing after bailout 11 January 44 Germany Page #5 : front of page is a list of all Flight Crew that bailed out including home adresses and next of kin, back of page are hand written notes one of which is S/Sgt Sutton (casualty) Page # 6: copy of restricted Missing Air Crew Report lists all Crew aboard plane, their positions; all but 2 being RTD (returned to duty) 2 being KIA (killed in Action) dated Mar 1 1946 Page # 7: Original 4 page letter dated March 18,1949 (notarized) written by Louis Sortino describing and validating Murray's interment in Stalag 17 B located in Krems Austria, talks of a march they made ,to get the camp sleeping outside under shelters they fashioned from branches and bark Page # 8:copy of Casualty questionnaire for Murray Nadel ,notes that Noel Hillyard , waist door (gunner) was found dead on ground 200 yards from downed Aircraft \"He never pulled his ripcord\". Page # 9 : an original write up on the 379th BG describing their action ans accomplishments Page # 10: front and back of page is an original listing of \"restricted\" listing men who are to report to duty from rehabilitation and recovery dated 24 July 1945 Page #11: copy of \"Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces\" for Waggoner Jr 2nd Lt Page #12: same as above for Young 2nd Lt, both were captured by the Mayor of Sievershausen 11 Jan 44 Page #13: copy of report on Captured aircraft shot down by Fighter, notes plane was heavily destroyed and disintegrated into small pieces,notes plane was B17 F 2780 -R Page #14: Copy Casualty Questionnaire for Herbert Young 2nd Lt speaks of mission and details Page # 15: front of page same as above for Sutton Robert J (dead),back of page describes the details of wounds Sutton received shrapnel and he was discovered (dead ) prior to Bailout,he had flown 4 missions prior his missions are listed Page # 16: copy of page giving additional details on Sutton by Lt Waggonor Page # 17: front of page copy of Individual Casualty Report on Hillyard,by Murray Nadel, notes that Hillyard last man out of the waist but his chute was still attached and unopened on ground,lots of other details,back of page handwritten notes by Murray discussing Identity and that Germans had removed his dogtags Page #18:copy of notes speaking about Mayoy of Burgdorf and familiarity of crash site 11 Jan 44 Page #19: copy of handwritten page on Crew, Rank DOB, note taken prisoner ID numbers etc. Page # 20 : Murray's original Birth Certificate Dec 2 1918 Page #21: Original Newspaer article which Says : Nadel retires after 25 years as Postman Jan 9th,1981. Below that a photo of Murray and Eli Wallach (Hollywood Actor ) Page # 22: copy Casualty Questionnaire for William Cowan S/Sgt. speaks to Robert Sutton being found dead Page # 23 : front of page copy of Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces on Adkins, Bray taken prisoner by Mayor of Haenigsen Page #24: original certificate dated 12 -1-49 for benefits by USA Veterans Administration Page 25: front of page,original letter speaking to Murray's involvement in the crash and the US Headquarters of Army Air forces intention to investigate the crash details fully .back of page original letter to Murray detailing his entitlement to Monthly award of $ by Veterans Administration. Page #26: copy of Military Education for Murray Nadel Page #27: there is a loose 8 x 10 of Murray and his wife on their Wedding Day , a loose photo of a very thin gaunt Murray being examined by Physician ,this is an official photo having much info written on the back in blue type it is hand initialed and dated 2 May 1945\"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Murray Nadel Papers, 1943/1981, bulk 1943/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00794","/repositories/2/resources/1047"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00794","/repositories/2/resources/1047"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"creator_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase (Ebay)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans--United States","Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","World War, 1939-1945--Veterans--United States","Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Birth certificates","Clippings (information artifacts)","Letters (correspondence)","Military records","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeller acquired papers directly from Murray Nadel's estate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Seller acquired papers directly from Murray Nadel's estate."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMurray Nadel Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Murray Nadel Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by SCRC staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed in January 2010 by SCRC staff."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.","An itemized description was provided by the seller. See folder link below.","The following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\n\"Page # 1 : Picture of Murray sitting on a park bench in his Dress Uniform with his crewman's Wings Page # 2: front of page copy of Murray's Separation Qualification Record, redlined to to change term of Imprisonment from 16 months to 17 states he was liberated in May 1945,rear of page is info on Murray's background such as education, as Machine operator, and sales clerk Page # 3: front and back of page are extract orders dated 23 October 1945 Page # 4 :copy of Enlisted Record and Report of Sepqration has notes on Murray's Medals/Awards : American Theater, EAME, Good Conduct, Purple Heart, Air Medal, mentions his ankle injury obtained during landing after bailout 11 January 44 Germany Page #5 : front of page is a list of all Flight Crew that bailed out including home adresses and next of kin, back of page are hand written notes one of which is S/Sgt Sutton (casualty) Page # 6: copy of restricted Missing Air Crew Report lists all Crew aboard plane, their positions; all but 2 being RTD (returned to duty) 2 being KIA (killed in Action) dated Mar 1 1946 Page # 7: Original 4 page letter dated March 18,1949 (notarized) written by Louis Sortino describing and validating Murray's interment in Stalag 17 B located in Krems Austria, talks of a march they made ,to get the camp sleeping outside under shelters they fashioned from branches and bark Page # 8:copy of Casualty questionnaire for Murray Nadel ,notes that Noel Hillyard , waist door (gunner) was found dead on ground 200 yards from downed Aircraft \"He never pulled his ripcord\". Page # 9 : an original write up on the 379th BG describing their action ans accomplishments Page # 10: front and back of page is an original listing of \"restricted\" listing men who are to report to duty from rehabilitation and recovery dated 24 July 1945 Page #11: copy of \"Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces\" for Waggoner Jr 2nd Lt Page #12: same as above for Young 2nd Lt, both were captured by the Mayor of Sievershausen 11 Jan 44 Page #13: copy of report on Captured aircraft shot down by Fighter, notes plane was heavily destroyed and disintegrated into small pieces,notes plane was B17 F 2780 -R Page #14: Copy Casualty Questionnaire for Herbert Young 2nd Lt speaks of mission and details Page # 15: front of page same as above for Sutton Robert J (dead),back of page describes the details of wounds Sutton received shrapnel and he was discovered (dead ) prior to Bailout,he had flown 4 missions prior his missions are listed Page # 16: copy of page giving additional details on Sutton by Lt Waggonor Page # 17: front of page copy of Individual Casualty Report on Hillyard,by Murray Nadel, notes that Hillyard last man out of the waist but his chute was still attached and unopened on ground,lots of other details,back of page handwritten notes by Murray discussing Identity and that Germans had removed his dogtags Page #18:copy of notes speaking about Mayoy of Burgdorf and familiarity of crash site 11 Jan 44 Page #19: copy of handwritten page on Crew, Rank DOB, note taken prisoner ID numbers etc. Page # 20 : Murray's original Birth Certificate Dec 2 1918 Page #21: Original Newspaer article which Says : Nadel retires after 25 years as Postman Jan 9th,1981. Below that a photo of Murray and Eli Wallach (Hollywood Actor ) Page # 22: copy Casualty Questionnaire for William Cowan S/Sgt. speaks to Robert Sutton being found dead Page # 23 : front of page copy of Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces on Adkins, Bray taken prisoner by Mayor of Haenigsen Page #24: original certificate dated 12 -1-49 for benefits by USA Veterans Administration Page 25: front of page,original letter speaking to Murray's involvement in the crash and the US Headquarters of Army Air forces intention to investigate the crash details fully .back of page original letter to Murray detailing his entitlement to Monthly award of $ by Veterans Administration. Page #26: copy of Military Education for Murray Nadel Page #27: there is a loose 8 x 10 of Murray and his wife on their Wedding Day , a loose photo of a very thin gaunt Murray being examined by Physician ,this is an official photo having much info written on the back in blue type it is hand initialed and dated 2 May 1945\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Nadel, Murray, 1918-1997"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Murray Nadel (1918-1997) of New York City. Nadel served with the 8th Air Force, 379th Bomb Group, 527th Bomb Squadron in WW II and his plane was shot down and captured. He was interred in a German Prison camp from January 1944 to May 1945. Included are military records detailing the shooting down of Nadel's plane and the fate of his fellow crew members. Also included, among other items, are forms and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, his honorable discharge and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e An itemized description was provided by the seller. See folder link below.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe following information was provided by the seller and has not been verified for accuracy:\n\"Page # 1 : Picture of Murray sitting on a park bench in his Dress Uniform with his crewman's Wings Page # 2: front of page copy of Murray's Separation Qualification Record, redlined to to change term of Imprisonment from 16 months to 17 states he was liberated in May 1945,rear of page is info on Murray's background such as education, as Machine operator, and sales clerk Page # 3: front and back of page are extract orders dated 23 October 1945 Page # 4 :copy of Enlisted Record and Report of Sepqration has notes on Murray's Medals/Awards : American Theater, EAME, Good Conduct, Purple Heart, Air Medal, mentions his ankle injury obtained during landing after bailout 11 January 44 Germany Page #5 : front of page is a list of all Flight Crew that bailed out including home adresses and next of kin, back of page are hand written notes one of which is S/Sgt Sutton (casualty) Page # 6: copy of restricted Missing Air Crew Report lists all Crew aboard plane, their positions; all but 2 being RTD (returned to duty) 2 being KIA (killed in Action) dated Mar 1 1946 Page # 7: Original 4 page letter dated March 18,1949 (notarized) written by Louis Sortino describing and validating Murray's interment in Stalag 17 B located in Krems Austria, talks of a march they made ,to get the camp sleeping outside under shelters they fashioned from branches and bark Page # 8:copy of Casualty questionnaire for Murray Nadel ,notes that Noel Hillyard , waist door (gunner) was found dead on ground 200 yards from downed Aircraft \"He never pulled his ripcord\". Page # 9 : an original write up on the 379th BG describing their action ans accomplishments Page # 10: front and back of page is an original listing of \"restricted\" listing men who are to report to duty from rehabilitation and recovery dated 24 July 1945 Page #11: copy of \"Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces\" for Waggoner Jr 2nd Lt Page #12: same as above for Young 2nd Lt, both were captured by the Mayor of Sievershausen 11 Jan 44 Page #13: copy of report on Captured aircraft shot down by Fighter, notes plane was heavily destroyed and disintegrated into small pieces,notes plane was B17 F 2780 -R Page #14: Copy Casualty Questionnaire for Herbert Young 2nd Lt speaks of mission and details Page # 15: front of page same as above for Sutton Robert J (dead),back of page describes the details of wounds Sutton received shrapnel and he was discovered (dead ) prior to Bailout,he had flown 4 missions prior his missions are listed Page # 16: copy of page giving additional details on Sutton by Lt Waggonor Page # 17: front of page copy of Individual Casualty Report on Hillyard,by Murray Nadel, notes that Hillyard last man out of the waist but his chute was still attached and unopened on ground,lots of other details,back of page handwritten notes by Murray discussing Identity and that Germans had removed his dogtags Page #18:copy of notes speaking about Mayoy of Burgdorf and familiarity of crash site 11 Jan 44 Page #19: copy of handwritten page on Crew, Rank DOB, note taken prisoner ID numbers etc. Page # 20 : Murray's original Birth Certificate Dec 2 1918 Page #21: Original Newspaer article which Says : Nadel retires after 25 years as Postman Jan 9th,1981. Below that a photo of Murray and Eli Wallach (Hollywood Actor ) Page # 22: copy Casualty Questionnaire for William Cowan S/Sgt. speaks to Robert Sutton being found dead Page # 23 : front of page copy of Report on Capture of Members of Enemy Air Forces on Adkins, Bray taken prisoner by Mayor of Haenigsen Page #24: original certificate dated 12 -1-49 for benefits by USA Veterans Administration Page 25: front of page,original letter speaking to Murray's involvement in the crash and the US Headquarters of Army Air forces intention to investigate the crash details fully .back of page original letter to Murray detailing his entitlement to Monthly award of $ by Veterans Administration. Page #26: copy of Military Education for Murray Nadel Page #27: there is a loose 8 x 10 of Murray and his wife on their Wedding Day , a loose photo of a very thin gaunt Murray being examined by Physician ,this is an official photo having much info written on the back in blue type it is hand initialed and dated 2 May 1945\"\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1047"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","value":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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