{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Middle+Ages\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Middle+Ages\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brenner, Bernard","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_119.xml","title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"text":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119","Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series Series 1: Brass Rubbings Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets","\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n","\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. ","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the ",",  , and the   hold brass rubbings collections.","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","Silver on Black. Monumental brass created circa 1410.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1405 - 1420. Original brass also features Drury's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1423.","Brass includes male figure, female figure, and small female and male figures. Black on white. Monumental brass created 1490. Original brass also features a female figure, presumably the male's wife.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1384.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1467. Inlaid on Sir William's altar tomb. Full monumental brass includes twelve children at the couple's feet.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1395.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1365.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Original brass features Margaret Andrewes, Thomas's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1409.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1424. Lady Margery is the mother of Alice Clopton who is depicted in Rubbing 143.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1434.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1390.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1347.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1355.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Gunby Hall was the Massingberd family estate.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1470s.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1466.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1306. Brass originally located at the center of the Chancel; moved to the North Transept during the Victorian renovation of the church in 1875. Sir Robert likely fought in the 9th Crusade and against William Wallace. Some belief that this may be Sir William de Septvans who died circa 1323.","Same monumental brass as Rubbing 105. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. One the few surviving cross brasses.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Henry died circa 1541, his wife Margaret died circa 1524; she has a separate monumental brass next to Henry's that is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1520. Lady Katherine died circa 1465. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn.","Black on white. Sir Robert's monumental brass created circa 1391 and Sir Thomas' monumental brass created circa 1412. Monumental brass includes a canopy not included in rubbing. One of the few original pieces salvaged from the rubble after a direct landmine strike in 1940.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1433.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Earliest brass in England to show a knight together with his wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1537.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1415.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1289.","Silver on blue. Monumental brass created 1435. Top portion of the same monumental brass can be seen in rubbing #150.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is likely Thomas Adynet.","Black on silver. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife to his left.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1416. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is Sir Simon de Felbrigg.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1408. Full monumental brass includes a shield under both Robert and Eleanor and further details on long portion of center cross. All resources returned a creation date of 1408 (death of Robert).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1323.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Original monumental brass includes his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1437. Full monumental brass includes Thomas Brooke to his wife's left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1414.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1455. Full monumental brass includes male figure and his wife. Some debate on identity of male figure, most believe it to be John Digges, but some records identify it as his brother Roger and others as Nicholas Haute.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1462. Full monumental brass includes Wiliam Prelatte between his two wives Agnes (left) and Joan (right).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1475.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1421. John is depicted standing on a sack of wood bearing his woolmark to indicate his trade.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458. Monumental brass created following Agnes' death, Robert's date of death never filled in.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. St. Peter's Church is located next to Hever Castle, home of the Boleyn family.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1491. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife, Lady Joan, to his right.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1300. There is much debate on exact identity of the male figure, but confidence it is a member of the Bacon family based on the shield of arms.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1495. Full monumental brass includes John Roberts, Alice Roberts, and their 12 children.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1382.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass includes the wool merchant's wife (also identity unknown) to his right. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul includes other monuments to the woold merchants of Northleach.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1497.","Red and black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 81.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1393. Full monumental brass includes Sir Henry's wife (Margaret) to his right (her head appears to be missing).","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1416. Full monumental brass includes Sir Simon's wife, Margaret, to his right. Sir Simon built the church where his monumental brass is located.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Sir Thomas died circa 1382, but there was a delay in creating the monumental brass.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1385. Full monumental brass includes Sir Reginald between his two wives.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1483. Lady Isabel was the great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Same subject as rubbing 167.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1479. Maud married three times, title of Lady Willoughby comes from her first husband Robert, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who died in 1452. Monumental brass was created nearly 20 years before her death in 1497.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1432.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. Full monumental brass includes Brooke's wife Joan Hanham.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1420. Lady Eleanor was the first wife of Sir Reginald Cobham.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1409.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1421.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1507.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1410. Full monumental brass includes Wylcotes' wife, Alice Wylcotes.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Full monumental brass includes a canopy and weepers surrounding Hastings.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Full monumental brass includes anonymous lady with two husbands, the one to her right is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1438.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1471, prior to Lady Joan's death. Full monumental brass includes Lady Joan's husband Sir John to her left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1392.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1397.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1389.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1465.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1626 and 1632 respectively. Brasses are displayed in individual frames along the wall of the chapel, with six brasses to the Wynn family in total.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 52, which does not include the inscription.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Inscription accompanying full monumental brass appears to have been removed at an earlier time. Same subject as rubbing 86.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1589. Rubbing created circa 1980s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1460.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 92.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 82.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1501.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Oldest brass in Cornwall.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as rubbing 85.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Identification is not definitive, could also possibly be his father Thomas Petley and his wife Isabella.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451. Some debate on identification and original date, with some dating it as early as th elate 1340s. Original monumental brass has been badly damaged and the head recreated circa 1901.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1490.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1499. William and Alice died on the same day.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148.","Silver and gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1496. Full monumental brass includes Henry's wife, Ela, to his left. Brasses to the Spelman family dominate the memorials inside All Saints Church.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1619. Full monumental brass includes Edward's wife, Jane White of St Agnes, to his right.","White on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Portion of same monumental brass as Rubbing 20. Full monumental brass represents one of the few surviving cross brasses.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1508.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1427.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1300. One of the earliest military brasses in England.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 141.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1523. Full monumental brass includes John's wife, Elizabeth, to his right.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1385.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1506. Full monumental brass includes John's children in two groups and an inscription below him.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1431.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1450. Lady Clifton is depicted without a head covering, which was unusual.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1557.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Grofhurst helped fund building the church and served as the Parish priest for decades.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1425. Original monumental brass located in The Paris Chapel extension of what is known as The Third Church where the tombs and brasses of the Parys (Paris) family (Lords of the Manor) were located.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Brass created upon Margaret's death, Henry died almost 20 years later, circa 1540. Considered to be Suffolk's only surviving pair of heraldic brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1440. Some debate on exact identification of individuals remains.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Original full monumental brass included John's wife, children, and other symbols. The figure of John Twynyho is the only surviving brass piece still in the monument, with only indent shapes remaining for the rest. Some debate surrounding identification remains, with some suggesting the figure is Robert Hitchman who died circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1523. Original brass includes John Berners, Elizabeth's husband.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1428.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1519.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1497. Full monumental brass includes Oliver's wife Elizabeth Scrope, who died in 1503, and their five sons. Olive's half sister was Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry Vll.","Silver on black. Subject is possibly a 14th century merchant.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1429. Identification of subject and dating for monumental brass are unconfirmed, with some suggesting Sir John Brooke died in 1426 and some identifying the subject as Sir Thomas Charles who died in 1418. Same rubbing subject as rubbings 137 and 157.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1495.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 113.","Silver on black.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Alice was the wife of John Harleston and the daughter of Sir William Clopton and  Lady Margery (Drury) Clopton. Lady Margery is depicted in Rubbing 11.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1466. Full monumental brass includes a surrounding canopy.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1360.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1515.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1421. Sir William fought alongside King Henry V at Agincourt. Rubbing is the top portion only, the full monumental brass includes Sir William's full body with a lion at his feet.","Black on white. Civilian monumental brass created circa 1490 and priest monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brasses as rubbing 99 and rubbing 100. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435. Rubbing is the top portion only, full monumental brass includes Lady Alice's full body and can be seen in rubbing 29.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1440.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1518. Rawson was mercer of London and merchant of the staple of Calais.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1492.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses. Same subject as as rubbing 36.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1498.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1439.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1426. Same subject as rubbings 135 and 139.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1504.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1524.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1360. The inscription is in French, rather than the traditional Latin, and it is considered the earliest of the four brasses in the county illustrating priests in vestments.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1439. Full monumental brass includes William's wife to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1498.","Black on white. Same subject as rubbing 23.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1501. Full monumental brass includes larger images of Robert and Anne above their children.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white, mounted on cloth. Monumental brass created circa 1574. Full monumental brass includes Richard's wife, Mary Peyton, to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Full monumental brass includes Isabel's husband, Henry Bourchier, to her left. Both originally buried in Beeleigh Abbey, Essex before being moved to Little Easton. Same subject as rubbing 57.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creators_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Bernard Brenner from 1996 - 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series according to format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Brass Rubbings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Booklets and Pamphlets\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series Series 1: Brass Rubbings Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n","\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. ","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Beaven brass rubbings collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0284\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Hamline University\" href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Southern Oregon University\" href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\" href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the ",",  , and the   hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on Black. Monumental brass created circa 1410.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1405 - 1420. Original brass also features Drury's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1423.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrass includes male figure, female figure, and small female and male figures. Black on white. Monumental brass created 1490. Original brass also features a female figure, presumably the male's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1384.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1467. Inlaid on Sir William's altar tomb. Full monumental brass includes twelve children at the couple's feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1395.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1365.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Original brass features Margaret Andrewes, Thomas's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1409.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1424. Lady Margery is the mother of Alice Clopton who is depicted in Rubbing 143.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1434.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1390.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1347.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1355.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Gunby Hall was the Massingberd family estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1470s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1466.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1306. Brass originally located at the center of the Chancel; moved to the North Transept during the Victorian renovation of the church in 1875. Sir Robert likely fought in the 9th Crusade and against William Wallace. Some belief that this may be Sir William de Septvans who died circa 1323.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame monumental brass as Rubbing 105. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. One the few surviving cross brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Henry died circa 1541, his wife Margaret died circa 1524; she has a separate monumental brass next to Henry's that is not included in the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1520. Lady Katherine died circa 1465. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Sir Robert's monumental brass created circa 1391 and Sir Thomas' monumental brass created circa 1412. Monumental brass includes a canopy not included in rubbing. One of the few original pieces salvaged from the rubble after a direct landmine strike in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1433.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Earliest brass in England to show a knight together with his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1537.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created 1415.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1289.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on blue. Monumental brass created 1435. Top portion of the same monumental brass can be seen in rubbing #150.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is likely Thomas Adynet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on silver. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife to his left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1416. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is Sir Simon de Felbrigg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1408. Full monumental brass includes a shield under both Robert and Eleanor and further details on long portion of center cross. All resources returned a creation date of 1408 (death of Robert).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1323.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Original monumental brass includes his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1437. Full monumental brass includes Thomas Brooke to his wife's left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1414.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1455. Full monumental brass includes male figure and his wife. Some debate on identity of male figure, most believe it to be John Digges, but some records identify it as his brother Roger and others as Nicholas Haute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1462. Full monumental brass includes Wiliam Prelatte between his two wives Agnes (left) and Joan (right).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1475.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1421. John is depicted standing on a sack of wood bearing his woolmark to indicate his trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458. Monumental brass created following Agnes' death, Robert's date of death never filled in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. St. Peter's Church is located next to Hever Castle, home of the Boleyn family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1491. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife, Lady Joan, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1300. There is much debate on exact identity of the male figure, but confidence it is a member of the Bacon family based on the shield of arms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1495. Full monumental brass includes John Roberts, Alice Roberts, and their 12 children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1382.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass includes the wool merchant's wife (also identity unknown) to his right. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul includes other monuments to the woold merchants of Northleach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1497.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRed and black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 81.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1393. Full monumental brass includes Sir Henry's wife (Margaret) to his right (her head appears to be missing).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1416. Full monumental brass includes Sir Simon's wife, Margaret, to his right. Sir Simon built the church where his monumental brass is located.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Sir Thomas died circa 1382, but there was a delay in creating the monumental brass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1385. Full monumental brass includes Sir Reginald between his two wives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1483. Lady Isabel was the great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Same subject as rubbing 167.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1479. Maud married three times, title of Lady Willoughby comes from her first husband Robert, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who died in 1452. Monumental brass was created nearly 20 years before her death in 1497.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1432.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. Full monumental brass includes Brooke's wife Joan Hanham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1420. Lady Eleanor was the first wife of Sir Reginald Cobham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1409.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1421.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1507.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1435.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1410. Full monumental brass includes Wylcotes' wife, Alice Wylcotes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Full monumental brass includes a canopy and weepers surrounding Hastings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Full monumental brass includes anonymous lady with two husbands, the one to her right is not included in the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1438.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1471, prior to Lady Joan's death. Full monumental brass includes Lady Joan's husband Sir John to her left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1392.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1397.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1364.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1389.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1465.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created 1364.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1626 and 1632 respectively. Brasses are displayed in individual frames along the wall of the chapel, with six brasses to the Wynn family in total.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 52, which does not include the inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Inscription accompanying full monumental brass appears to have been removed at an earlier time. Same subject as rubbing 86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1589. Rubbing created circa 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1460.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 92.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 82.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1501.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Oldest brass in Cornwall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as rubbing 85.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Identification is not definitive, could also possibly be his father Thomas Petley and his wife Isabella.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451. Some debate on identification and original date, with some dating it as early as th elate 1340s. Original monumental brass has been badly damaged and the head recreated circa 1901.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1490.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1499. William and Alice died on the same day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver and gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1496. Full monumental brass includes Henry's wife, Ela, to his left. Brasses to the Spelman family dominate the memorials inside All Saints Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1619. Full monumental brass includes Edward's wife, Jane White of St Agnes, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhite on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Portion of same monumental brass as Rubbing 20. Full monumental brass represents one of the few surviving cross brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1508.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1427.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1300. One of the earliest military brasses in England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 141.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1523. Full monumental brass includes John's wife, Elizabeth, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1385.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1506. Full monumental brass includes John's children in two groups and an inscription below him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1431.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1510.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1450. Lady Clifton is depicted without a head covering, which was unusual.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1557.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Grofhurst helped fund building the church and served as the Parish priest for decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1425. Original monumental brass located in The Paris Chapel extension of what is known as The Third Church where the tombs and brasses of the Parys (Paris) family (Lords of the Manor) were located.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Brass created upon Margaret's death, Henry died almost 20 years later, circa 1540. Considered to be Suffolk's only surviving pair of heraldic brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1440. Some debate on exact identification of individuals remains.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Original full monumental brass included John's wife, children, and other symbols. The figure of John Twynyho is the only surviving brass piece still in the monument, with only indent shapes remaining for the rest. Some debate surrounding identification remains, with some suggesting the figure is Robert Hitchman who died circa 1510.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1523. Original brass includes John Berners, Elizabeth's husband.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1428.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1519.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1458.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1497. Full monumental brass includes Oliver's wife Elizabeth Scrope, who died in 1503, and their five sons. Olive's half sister was Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry Vll.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Subject is possibly a 14th century merchant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1429. Identification of subject and dating for monumental brass are unconfirmed, with some suggesting Sir John Brooke died in 1426 and some identifying the subject as Sir Thomas Charles who died in 1418. Same rubbing subject as rubbings 137 and 157.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1495.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 113.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Alice was the wife of John Harleston and the daughter of Sir William Clopton and  Lady Margery (Drury) Clopton. Lady Margery is depicted in Rubbing 11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1466. Full monumental brass includes a surrounding canopy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1360.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1515.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1421. Sir William fought alongside King Henry V at Agincourt. Rubbing is the top portion only, the full monumental brass includes Sir William's full body with a lion at his feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Civilian monumental brass created circa 1490 and priest monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brasses as rubbing 99 and rubbing 100. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1435. Rubbing is the top portion only, full monumental brass includes Lady Alice's full body and can be seen in rubbing 29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1440.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1518. Rawson was mercer of London and merchant of the staple of Calais.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1492.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses. Same subject as as rubbing 36.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1498.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1439.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1426. Same subject as rubbings 135 and 139.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1504.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created 1524.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1360. The inscription is in French, rather than the traditional Latin, and it is considered the earliest of the four brasses in the county illustrating priests in vestments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1439. Full monumental brass includes William's wife to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1498.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Same subject as rubbing 23.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1501. Full monumental brass includes larger images of Robert and Anne above their children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white, mounted on cloth. Monumental brass created circa 1574. Full monumental brass includes Richard's wife, Mary Peyton, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Full monumental brass includes Isabel's husband, Henry Bourchier, to her left. Both originally buried in Beeleigh Abbey, Essex before being moved to Little Easton. Same subject as rubbing 57.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","Silver on Black. Monumental brass created circa 1410.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1405 - 1420. Original brass also features Drury's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1423.","Brass includes male figure, female figure, and small female and male figures. Black on white. Monumental brass created 1490. Original brass also features a female figure, presumably the male's wife.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1384.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1467. Inlaid on Sir William's altar tomb. Full monumental brass includes twelve children at the couple's feet.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1395.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1365.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Original brass features Margaret Andrewes, Thomas's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1409.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1424. Lady Margery is the mother of Alice Clopton who is depicted in Rubbing 143.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1434.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1390.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1347.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1355.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Gunby Hall was the Massingberd family estate.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1470s.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1466.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1306. Brass originally located at the center of the Chancel; moved to the North Transept during the Victorian renovation of the church in 1875. Sir Robert likely fought in the 9th Crusade and against William Wallace. Some belief that this may be Sir William de Septvans who died circa 1323.","Same monumental brass as Rubbing 105. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. One the few surviving cross brasses.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Henry died circa 1541, his wife Margaret died circa 1524; she has a separate monumental brass next to Henry's that is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1520. Lady Katherine died circa 1465. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn.","Black on white. Sir Robert's monumental brass created circa 1391 and Sir Thomas' monumental brass created circa 1412. Monumental brass includes a canopy not included in rubbing. One of the few original pieces salvaged from the rubble after a direct landmine strike in 1940.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1433.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Earliest brass in England to show a knight together with his wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1537.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1415.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1289.","Silver on blue. Monumental brass created 1435. Top portion of the same monumental brass can be seen in rubbing #150.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is likely Thomas Adynet.","Black on silver. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife to his left.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1416. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is Sir Simon de Felbrigg.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1408. Full monumental brass includes a shield under both Robert and Eleanor and further details on long portion of center cross. All resources returned a creation date of 1408 (death of Robert).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1323.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Original monumental brass includes his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1437. Full monumental brass includes Thomas Brooke to his wife's left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1414.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1455. Full monumental brass includes male figure and his wife. Some debate on identity of male figure, most believe it to be John Digges, but some records identify it as his brother Roger and others as Nicholas Haute.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1462. Full monumental brass includes Wiliam Prelatte between his two wives Agnes (left) and Joan (right).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1475.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1421. John is depicted standing on a sack of wood bearing his woolmark to indicate his trade.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458. Monumental brass created following Agnes' death, Robert's date of death never filled in.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. St. Peter's Church is located next to Hever Castle, home of the Boleyn family.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1491. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife, Lady Joan, to his right.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1300. There is much debate on exact identity of the male figure, but confidence it is a member of the Bacon family based on the shield of arms.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1495. Full monumental brass includes John Roberts, Alice Roberts, and their 12 children.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1382.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass includes the wool merchant's wife (also identity unknown) to his right. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul includes other monuments to the woold merchants of Northleach.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1497.","Red and black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 81.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1393. Full monumental brass includes Sir Henry's wife (Margaret) to his right (her head appears to be missing).","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1416. Full monumental brass includes Sir Simon's wife, Margaret, to his right. Sir Simon built the church where his monumental brass is located.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Sir Thomas died circa 1382, but there was a delay in creating the monumental brass.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1385. Full monumental brass includes Sir Reginald between his two wives.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1483. Lady Isabel was the great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Same subject as rubbing 167.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1479. Maud married three times, title of Lady Willoughby comes from her first husband Robert, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who died in 1452. Monumental brass was created nearly 20 years before her death in 1497.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1432.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. Full monumental brass includes Brooke's wife Joan Hanham.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1420. Lady Eleanor was the first wife of Sir Reginald Cobham.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1409.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1421.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1507.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1410. Full monumental brass includes Wylcotes' wife, Alice Wylcotes.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Full monumental brass includes a canopy and weepers surrounding Hastings.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Full monumental brass includes anonymous lady with two husbands, the one to her right is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1438.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1471, prior to Lady Joan's death. Full monumental brass includes Lady Joan's husband Sir John to her left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1392.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1397.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1389.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1465.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1626 and 1632 respectively. Brasses are displayed in individual frames along the wall of the chapel, with six brasses to the Wynn family in total.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 52, which does not include the inscription.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Inscription accompanying full monumental brass appears to have been removed at an earlier time. Same subject as rubbing 86.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1589. Rubbing created circa 1980s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1460.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 92.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 82.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1501.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Oldest brass in Cornwall.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as rubbing 85.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Identification is not definitive, could also possibly be his father Thomas Petley and his wife Isabella.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451. Some debate on identification and original date, with some dating it as early as th elate 1340s. Original monumental brass has been badly damaged and the head recreated circa 1901.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1490.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1499. William and Alice died on the same day.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148.","Silver and gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1496. Full monumental brass includes Henry's wife, Ela, to his left. Brasses to the Spelman family dominate the memorials inside All Saints Church.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1619. Full monumental brass includes Edward's wife, Jane White of St Agnes, to his right.","White on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Portion of same monumental brass as Rubbing 20. Full monumental brass represents one of the few surviving cross brasses.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1508.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1427.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1300. One of the earliest military brasses in England.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 141.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1523. Full monumental brass includes John's wife, Elizabeth, to his right.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1385.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1506. Full monumental brass includes John's children in two groups and an inscription below him.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1431.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1450. Lady Clifton is depicted without a head covering, which was unusual.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1557.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Grofhurst helped fund building the church and served as the Parish priest for decades.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1425. Original monumental brass located in The Paris Chapel extension of what is known as The Third Church where the tombs and brasses of the Parys (Paris) family (Lords of the Manor) were located.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Brass created upon Margaret's death, Henry died almost 20 years later, circa 1540. Considered to be Suffolk's only surviving pair of heraldic brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1440. Some debate on exact identification of individuals remains.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Original full monumental brass included John's wife, children, and other symbols. The figure of John Twynyho is the only surviving brass piece still in the monument, with only indent shapes remaining for the rest. Some debate surrounding identification remains, with some suggesting the figure is Robert Hitchman who died circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1523. Original brass includes John Berners, Elizabeth's husband.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1428.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1519.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1497. Full monumental brass includes Oliver's wife Elizabeth Scrope, who died in 1503, and their five sons. Olive's half sister was Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry Vll.","Silver on black. Subject is possibly a 14th century merchant.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1429. Identification of subject and dating for monumental brass are unconfirmed, with some suggesting Sir John Brooke died in 1426 and some identifying the subject as Sir Thomas Charles who died in 1418. Same rubbing subject as rubbings 137 and 157.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1495.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 113.","Silver on black.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Alice was the wife of John Harleston and the daughter of Sir William Clopton and  Lady Margery (Drury) Clopton. Lady Margery is depicted in Rubbing 11.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1466. Full monumental brass includes a surrounding canopy.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1360.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1515.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1421. Sir William fought alongside King Henry V at Agincourt. Rubbing is the top portion only, the full monumental brass includes Sir William's full body with a lion at his feet.","Black on white. Civilian monumental brass created circa 1490 and priest monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brasses as rubbing 99 and rubbing 100. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435. Rubbing is the top portion only, full monumental brass includes Lady Alice's full body and can be seen in rubbing 29.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1440.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1518. Rawson was mercer of London and merchant of the staple of Calais.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1492.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses. Same subject as as rubbing 36.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1498.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1439.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1426. Same subject as rubbings 135 and 139.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1504.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1524.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1360. The inscription is in French, rather than the traditional Latin, and it is considered the earliest of the four brasses in the county illustrating priests in vestments.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1439. Full monumental brass includes William's wife to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1498.","Black on white. Same subject as rubbing 23.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1501. Full monumental brass includes larger images of Robert and Anne above their children.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white, mounted on cloth. Monumental brass created circa 1574. Full monumental brass includes Richard's wife, Mary Peyton, to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Full monumental brass includes Isabel's husband, Henry Bourchier, to her left. Both originally buried in Beeleigh Abbey, Essex before being moved to Little Easton. Same subject as rubbing 57."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd92b050ab2a26849a4356ba8c8c76b9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6ebe742c21c472bccbec678cb32fbd5c\"\u003e\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n"],"names_coll_ssim":["Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":235,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:36:53.241Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_119.xml","title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"text":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119","Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series Series 1: Brass Rubbings Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets","\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n","\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. ","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the ",",  , and the   hold brass rubbings collections.","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","Silver on Black. Monumental brass created circa 1410.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1405 - 1420. Original brass also features Drury's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1423.","Brass includes male figure, female figure, and small female and male figures. Black on white. Monumental brass created 1490. Original brass also features a female figure, presumably the male's wife.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1384.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1467. Inlaid on Sir William's altar tomb. Full monumental brass includes twelve children at the couple's feet.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1395.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1365.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Original brass features Margaret Andrewes, Thomas's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1409.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1424. Lady Margery is the mother of Alice Clopton who is depicted in Rubbing 143.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1434.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1390.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1347.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1355.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Gunby Hall was the Massingberd family estate.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1470s.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1466.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1306. Brass originally located at the center of the Chancel; moved to the North Transept during the Victorian renovation of the church in 1875. Sir Robert likely fought in the 9th Crusade and against William Wallace. Some belief that this may be Sir William de Septvans who died circa 1323.","Same monumental brass as Rubbing 105. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. One the few surviving cross brasses.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Henry died circa 1541, his wife Margaret died circa 1524; she has a separate monumental brass next to Henry's that is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1520. Lady Katherine died circa 1465. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn.","Black on white. Sir Robert's monumental brass created circa 1391 and Sir Thomas' monumental brass created circa 1412. Monumental brass includes a canopy not included in rubbing. One of the few original pieces salvaged from the rubble after a direct landmine strike in 1940.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1433.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Earliest brass in England to show a knight together with his wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1537.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1415.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1289.","Silver on blue. Monumental brass created 1435. Top portion of the same monumental brass can be seen in rubbing #150.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is likely Thomas Adynet.","Black on silver. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife to his left.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1416. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is Sir Simon de Felbrigg.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1408. Full monumental brass includes a shield under both Robert and Eleanor and further details on long portion of center cross. All resources returned a creation date of 1408 (death of Robert).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1323.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Original monumental brass includes his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1437. Full monumental brass includes Thomas Brooke to his wife's left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1414.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1455. Full monumental brass includes male figure and his wife. Some debate on identity of male figure, most believe it to be John Digges, but some records identify it as his brother Roger and others as Nicholas Haute.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1462. Full monumental brass includes Wiliam Prelatte between his two wives Agnes (left) and Joan (right).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1475.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1421. John is depicted standing on a sack of wood bearing his woolmark to indicate his trade.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458. Monumental brass created following Agnes' death, Robert's date of death never filled in.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. St. Peter's Church is located next to Hever Castle, home of the Boleyn family.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1491. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife, Lady Joan, to his right.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1300. There is much debate on exact identity of the male figure, but confidence it is a member of the Bacon family based on the shield of arms.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1495. Full monumental brass includes John Roberts, Alice Roberts, and their 12 children.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1382.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass includes the wool merchant's wife (also identity unknown) to his right. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul includes other monuments to the woold merchants of Northleach.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1497.","Red and black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 81.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1393. Full monumental brass includes Sir Henry's wife (Margaret) to his right (her head appears to be missing).","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1416. Full monumental brass includes Sir Simon's wife, Margaret, to his right. Sir Simon built the church where his monumental brass is located.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Sir Thomas died circa 1382, but there was a delay in creating the monumental brass.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1385. Full monumental brass includes Sir Reginald between his two wives.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1483. Lady Isabel was the great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Same subject as rubbing 167.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1479. Maud married three times, title of Lady Willoughby comes from her first husband Robert, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who died in 1452. Monumental brass was created nearly 20 years before her death in 1497.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1432.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. Full monumental brass includes Brooke's wife Joan Hanham.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1420. Lady Eleanor was the first wife of Sir Reginald Cobham.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1409.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1421.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1507.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1410. Full monumental brass includes Wylcotes' wife, Alice Wylcotes.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Full monumental brass includes a canopy and weepers surrounding Hastings.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Full monumental brass includes anonymous lady with two husbands, the one to her right is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1438.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1471, prior to Lady Joan's death. Full monumental brass includes Lady Joan's husband Sir John to her left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1392.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1397.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1389.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1465.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1626 and 1632 respectively. Brasses are displayed in individual frames along the wall of the chapel, with six brasses to the Wynn family in total.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 52, which does not include the inscription.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Inscription accompanying full monumental brass appears to have been removed at an earlier time. Same subject as rubbing 86.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1589. Rubbing created circa 1980s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1460.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 92.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 82.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1501.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Oldest brass in Cornwall.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as rubbing 85.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Identification is not definitive, could also possibly be his father Thomas Petley and his wife Isabella.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451. Some debate on identification and original date, with some dating it as early as th elate 1340s. Original monumental brass has been badly damaged and the head recreated circa 1901.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1490.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1499. William and Alice died on the same day.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148.","Silver and gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1496. Full monumental brass includes Henry's wife, Ela, to his left. Brasses to the Spelman family dominate the memorials inside All Saints Church.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1619. Full monumental brass includes Edward's wife, Jane White of St Agnes, to his right.","White on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Portion of same monumental brass as Rubbing 20. Full monumental brass represents one of the few surviving cross brasses.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1508.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1427.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1300. One of the earliest military brasses in England.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 141.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1523. Full monumental brass includes John's wife, Elizabeth, to his right.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1385.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1506. Full monumental brass includes John's children in two groups and an inscription below him.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1431.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1450. Lady Clifton is depicted without a head covering, which was unusual.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1557.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Grofhurst helped fund building the church and served as the Parish priest for decades.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1425. Original monumental brass located in The Paris Chapel extension of what is known as The Third Church where the tombs and brasses of the Parys (Paris) family (Lords of the Manor) were located.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Brass created upon Margaret's death, Henry died almost 20 years later, circa 1540. Considered to be Suffolk's only surviving pair of heraldic brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1440. Some debate on exact identification of individuals remains.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Original full monumental brass included John's wife, children, and other symbols. The figure of John Twynyho is the only surviving brass piece still in the monument, with only indent shapes remaining for the rest. Some debate surrounding identification remains, with some suggesting the figure is Robert Hitchman who died circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1523. Original brass includes John Berners, Elizabeth's husband.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1428.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1519.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1497. Full monumental brass includes Oliver's wife Elizabeth Scrope, who died in 1503, and their five sons. Olive's half sister was Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry Vll.","Silver on black. Subject is possibly a 14th century merchant.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1429. Identification of subject and dating for monumental brass are unconfirmed, with some suggesting Sir John Brooke died in 1426 and some identifying the subject as Sir Thomas Charles who died in 1418. Same rubbing subject as rubbings 137 and 157.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1495.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 113.","Silver on black.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Alice was the wife of John Harleston and the daughter of Sir William Clopton and  Lady Margery (Drury) Clopton. Lady Margery is depicted in Rubbing 11.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1466. Full monumental brass includes a surrounding canopy.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1360.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1515.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1421. Sir William fought alongside King Henry V at Agincourt. Rubbing is the top portion only, the full monumental brass includes Sir William's full body with a lion at his feet.","Black on white. Civilian monumental brass created circa 1490 and priest monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brasses as rubbing 99 and rubbing 100. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435. Rubbing is the top portion only, full monumental brass includes Lady Alice's full body and can be seen in rubbing 29.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1440.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1518. Rawson was mercer of London and merchant of the staple of Calais.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1492.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses. Same subject as as rubbing 36.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1498.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1439.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1426. Same subject as rubbings 135 and 139.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1504.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1524.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1360. The inscription is in French, rather than the traditional Latin, and it is considered the earliest of the four brasses in the county illustrating priests in vestments.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1439. Full monumental brass includes William's wife to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1498.","Black on white. Same subject as rubbing 23.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1501. Full monumental brass includes larger images of Robert and Anne above their children.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white, mounted on cloth. Monumental brass created circa 1574. Full monumental brass includes Richard's wife, Mary Peyton, to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Full monumental brass includes Isabel's husband, Henry Bourchier, to her left. Both originally buried in Beeleigh Abbey, Essex before being moved to Little Easton. Same subject as rubbing 57.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creators_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Bernard Brenner from 1996 - 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series according to format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Brass Rubbings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Booklets and Pamphlets\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series Series 1: Brass Rubbings Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n","\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. ","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Beaven brass rubbings collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0284\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Hamline University\" href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Southern Oregon University\" href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\" href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the ",",  , and the   hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on Black. Monumental brass created circa 1410.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1405 - 1420. Original brass also features Drury's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1423.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrass includes male figure, female figure, and small female and male figures. Black on white. Monumental brass created 1490. Original brass also features a female figure, presumably the male's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1384.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1467. Inlaid on Sir William's altar tomb. Full monumental brass includes twelve children at the couple's feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1395.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1365.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Original brass features Margaret Andrewes, Thomas's wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1409.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1424. Lady Margery is the mother of Alice Clopton who is depicted in Rubbing 143.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1434.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1390.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1347.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1355.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Gunby Hall was the Massingberd family estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1470s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1466.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1306. Brass originally located at the center of the Chancel; moved to the North Transept during the Victorian renovation of the church in 1875. Sir Robert likely fought in the 9th Crusade and against William Wallace. Some belief that this may be Sir William de Septvans who died circa 1323.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame monumental brass as Rubbing 105. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. One the few surviving cross brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Henry died circa 1541, his wife Margaret died circa 1524; she has a separate monumental brass next to Henry's that is not included in the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1520. Lady Katherine died circa 1465. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Sir Robert's monumental brass created circa 1391 and Sir Thomas' monumental brass created circa 1412. Monumental brass includes a canopy not included in rubbing. One of the few original pieces salvaged from the rubble after a direct landmine strike in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1433.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Earliest brass in England to show a knight together with his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1537.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created 1415.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1289.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on blue. Monumental brass created 1435. Top portion of the same monumental brass can be seen in rubbing #150.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is likely Thomas Adynet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on silver. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife to his left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1416. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is Sir Simon de Felbrigg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1408. Full monumental brass includes a shield under both Robert and Eleanor and further details on long portion of center cross. All resources returned a creation date of 1408 (death of Robert).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1323.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Original monumental brass includes his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1437. Full monumental brass includes Thomas Brooke to his wife's left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1414.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1455. Full monumental brass includes male figure and his wife. Some debate on identity of male figure, most believe it to be John Digges, but some records identify it as his brother Roger and others as Nicholas Haute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1462. Full monumental brass includes Wiliam Prelatte between his two wives Agnes (left) and Joan (right).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1475.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1421. John is depicted standing on a sack of wood bearing his woolmark to indicate his trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458. Monumental brass created following Agnes' death, Robert's date of death never filled in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. St. Peter's Church is located next to Hever Castle, home of the Boleyn family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1491. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife, Lady Joan, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1300. There is much debate on exact identity of the male figure, but confidence it is a member of the Bacon family based on the shield of arms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1495. Full monumental brass includes John Roberts, Alice Roberts, and their 12 children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1382.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass includes the wool merchant's wife (also identity unknown) to his right. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul includes other monuments to the woold merchants of Northleach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1497.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRed and black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 81.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1393. Full monumental brass includes Sir Henry's wife (Margaret) to his right (her head appears to be missing).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1416. Full monumental brass includes Sir Simon's wife, Margaret, to his right. Sir Simon built the church where his monumental brass is located.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Sir Thomas died circa 1382, but there was a delay in creating the monumental brass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1385. Full monumental brass includes Sir Reginald between his two wives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1483. Lady Isabel was the great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Same subject as rubbing 167.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1479. Maud married three times, title of Lady Willoughby comes from her first husband Robert, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who died in 1452. Monumental brass was created nearly 20 years before her death in 1497.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1432.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. Full monumental brass includes Brooke's wife Joan Hanham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1420. Lady Eleanor was the first wife of Sir Reginald Cobham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1409.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1421.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1507.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1435.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1410. Full monumental brass includes Wylcotes' wife, Alice Wylcotes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Full monumental brass includes a canopy and weepers surrounding Hastings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Full monumental brass includes anonymous lady with two husbands, the one to her right is not included in the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1438.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1471, prior to Lady Joan's death. Full monumental brass includes Lady Joan's husband Sir John to her left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1392.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1397.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1364.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1389.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1465.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created 1364.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1626 and 1632 respectively. Brasses are displayed in individual frames along the wall of the chapel, with six brasses to the Wynn family in total.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 52, which does not include the inscription.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Inscription accompanying full monumental brass appears to have been removed at an earlier time. Same subject as rubbing 86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1589. Rubbing created circa 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1460.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 92.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 82.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1501.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Oldest brass in Cornwall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as rubbing 85.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Identification is not definitive, could also possibly be his father Thomas Petley and his wife Isabella.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451. Some debate on identification and original date, with some dating it as early as th elate 1340s. Original monumental brass has been badly damaged and the head recreated circa 1901.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1490.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1499. William and Alice died on the same day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver and gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1496. Full monumental brass includes Henry's wife, Ela, to his left. Brasses to the Spelman family dominate the memorials inside All Saints Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1619. Full monumental brass includes Edward's wife, Jane White of St Agnes, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhite on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Portion of same monumental brass as Rubbing 20. Full monumental brass represents one of the few surviving cross brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1508.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1427.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1300. One of the earliest military brasses in England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 141.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1523. Full monumental brass includes John's wife, Elizabeth, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1385.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1506. Full monumental brass includes John's children in two groups and an inscription below him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1431.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1510.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1450. Lady Clifton is depicted without a head covering, which was unusual.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1557.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Grofhurst helped fund building the church and served as the Parish priest for decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1425. Original monumental brass located in The Paris Chapel extension of what is known as The Third Church where the tombs and brasses of the Parys (Paris) family (Lords of the Manor) were located.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Brass created upon Margaret's death, Henry died almost 20 years later, circa 1540. Considered to be Suffolk's only surviving pair of heraldic brasses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1440. Some debate on exact identification of individuals remains.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Original full monumental brass included John's wife, children, and other symbols. The figure of John Twynyho is the only surviving brass piece still in the monument, with only indent shapes remaining for the rest. Some debate surrounding identification remains, with some suggesting the figure is Robert Hitchman who died circa 1510.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1523. Original brass includes John Berners, Elizabeth's husband.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1428.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1519.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1458.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1497. Full monumental brass includes Oliver's wife Elizabeth Scrope, who died in 1503, and their five sons. Olive's half sister was Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry Vll.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Subject is possibly a 14th century merchant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1429. Identification of subject and dating for monumental brass are unconfirmed, with some suggesting Sir John Brooke died in 1426 and some identifying the subject as Sir Thomas Charles who died in 1418. Same rubbing subject as rubbings 137 and 157.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1495.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 113.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Alice was the wife of John Harleston and the daughter of Sir William Clopton and  Lady Margery (Drury) Clopton. Lady Margery is depicted in Rubbing 11.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1466. Full monumental brass includes a surrounding canopy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1360.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1515.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1421. Sir William fought alongside King Henry V at Agincourt. Rubbing is the top portion only, the full monumental brass includes Sir William's full body with a lion at his feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Civilian monumental brass created circa 1490 and priest monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brasses as rubbing 99 and rubbing 100. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1435. Rubbing is the top portion only, full monumental brass includes Lady Alice's full body and can be seen in rubbing 29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1440.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1518. Rawson was mercer of London and merchant of the staple of Calais.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created 1492.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses. Same subject as as rubbing 36.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1498.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1439.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created 1426. Same subject as rubbings 135 and 139.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1504.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created 1524.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1360. The inscription is in French, rather than the traditional Latin, and it is considered the earliest of the four brasses in the county illustrating priests in vestments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1439. Full monumental brass includes William's wife to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1498.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Same subject as rubbing 23.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSilver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1501. Full monumental brass includes larger images of Robert and Anne above their children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white, mounted on cloth. Monumental brass created circa 1574. Full monumental brass includes Richard's wife, Mary Peyton, to his right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Full monumental brass includes Isabel's husband, Henry Bourchier, to her left. Both originally buried in Beeleigh Abbey, Essex before being moved to Little Easton. Same subject as rubbing 57.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","Silver on Black. Monumental brass created circa 1410.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1405 - 1420. Original brass also features Drury's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1423.","Brass includes male figure, female figure, and small female and male figures. Black on white. Monumental brass created 1490. Original brass also features a female figure, presumably the male's wife.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1384.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1467. Inlaid on Sir William's altar tomb. Full monumental brass includes twelve children at the couple's feet.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1395.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1365.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Original brass features Margaret Andrewes, Thomas's wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1409.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1424. Lady Margery is the mother of Alice Clopton who is depicted in Rubbing 143.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1434.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1390.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1347.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1355.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Gunby Hall was the Massingberd family estate.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1470s.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1466.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1306. Brass originally located at the center of the Chancel; moved to the North Transept during the Victorian renovation of the church in 1875. Sir Robert likely fought in the 9th Crusade and against William Wallace. Some belief that this may be Sir William de Septvans who died circa 1323.","Same monumental brass as Rubbing 105. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. One the few surviving cross brasses.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Henry died circa 1541, his wife Margaret died circa 1524; she has a separate monumental brass next to Henry's that is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1520. Lady Katherine died circa 1465. She was the maternal great-grandmother of Anne Boleyn.","Black on white. Sir Robert's monumental brass created circa 1391 and Sir Thomas' monumental brass created circa 1412. Monumental brass includes a canopy not included in rubbing. One of the few original pieces salvaged from the rubble after a direct landmine strike in 1940.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1433.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Earliest brass in England to show a knight together with his wife.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1537.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1415.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1289.","Silver on blue. Monumental brass created 1435. Top portion of the same monumental brass can be seen in rubbing #150.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is likely Thomas Adynet.","Black on silver. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife to his left.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1416. Full monumental brass has two figures, one male and female. The male is Sir Simon de Felbrigg.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1408. Full monumental brass includes a shield under both Robert and Eleanor and further details on long portion of center cross. All resources returned a creation date of 1408 (death of Robert).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1323.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Original monumental brass includes his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1437. Full monumental brass includes Thomas Brooke to his wife's left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1414.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1455. Full monumental brass includes male figure and his wife. Some debate on identity of male figure, most believe it to be John Digges, but some records identify it as his brother Roger and others as Nicholas Haute.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1462. Full monumental brass includes Wiliam Prelatte between his two wives Agnes (left) and Joan (right).","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1475.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1421. John is depicted standing on a sack of wood bearing his woolmark to indicate his trade.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458. Monumental brass created following Agnes' death, Robert's date of death never filled in.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. St. Peter's Church is located next to Hever Castle, home of the Boleyn family.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1491. Full monumental brass includes Sir John's wife, Lady Joan, to his right.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1300. There is much debate on exact identity of the male figure, but confidence it is a member of the Bacon family based on the shield of arms.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1495. Full monumental brass includes John Roberts, Alice Roberts, and their 12 children.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1382.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Full monumental brass includes the wool merchant's wife (also identity unknown) to his right. Church of St. Peter and St. Paul includes other monuments to the woold merchants of Northleach.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1497.","Red and black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 81.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1393. Full monumental brass includes Sir Henry's wife (Margaret) to his right (her head appears to be missing).","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1416. Full monumental brass includes Sir Simon's wife, Margaret, to his right. Sir Simon built the church where his monumental brass is located.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1410. Sir Thomas died circa 1382, but there was a delay in creating the monumental brass.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1385. Full monumental brass includes Sir Reginald between his two wives.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1483. Lady Isabel was the great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Same subject as rubbing 167.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1479. Maud married three times, title of Lady Willoughby comes from her first husband Robert, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, who died in 1452. Monumental brass was created nearly 20 years before her death in 1497.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1432.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1401. Full monumental brass includes William Grevel and his wife.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1419. Full monumental brass includes Brooke's wife Joan Hanham.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1420. Lady Eleanor was the first wife of Sir Reginald Cobham.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1409.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1421.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1507.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1410. Full monumental brass includes Wylcotes' wife, Alice Wylcotes.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1340.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Full monumental brass includes a canopy and weepers surrounding Hastings.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Full monumental brass includes anonymous lady with two husbands, the one to her right is not included in the rubbing.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1438.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1471, prior to Lady Joan's death. Full monumental brass includes Lady Joan's husband Sir John to her left.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1392.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1397.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1389.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1465.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1364.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1626 and 1632 respectively. Brasses are displayed in individual frames along the wall of the chapel, with six brasses to the Wynn family in total.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1622. Mary died September 4, 1622 at the age of 71. Same monumental brass as rubbing 52, which does not include the inscription.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Inscription accompanying full monumental brass appears to have been removed at an earlier time. Same subject as rubbing 86.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1589. Rubbing created circa 1980s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1460.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 92.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500. Same monumental brass as Rubbing 82.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1501.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Oldest brass in Cornwall.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Same monumental brass as rubbing 85.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400. Identification is not definitive, could also possibly be his father Thomas Petley and his wife Isabella.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451. Some debate on identification and original date, with some dating it as early as th elate 1340s. Original monumental brass has been badly damaged and the head recreated circa 1901.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1480.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1490.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1499. William and Alice died on the same day.","Orange on white. Monumental brass created circa 1490. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brass can be found in rubbing 148.","Silver and gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1451.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1496. Full monumental brass includes Henry's wife, Ela, to his left. Brasses to the Spelman family dominate the memorials inside All Saints Church.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1619. Full monumental brass includes Edward's wife, Jane White of St Agnes, to his right.","White on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1347. Portion of same monumental brass as Rubbing 20. Full monumental brass represents one of the few surviving cross brasses.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1508.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1514.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1427.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1300. One of the earliest military brasses in England.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 141.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1523. Full monumental brass includes John's wife, Elizabeth, to his right.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1385.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1506. Full monumental brass includes John's children in two groups and an inscription below him.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1431.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1500s.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1450. Lady Clifton is depicted without a head covering, which was unusual.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1557.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1340. Grofhurst helped fund building the church and served as the Parish priest for decades.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1425. Original monumental brass located in The Paris Chapel extension of what is known as The Third Church where the tombs and brasses of the Parys (Paris) family (Lords of the Manor) were located.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1524. Brass created upon Margaret's death, Henry died almost 20 years later, circa 1540. Considered to be Suffolk's only surviving pair of heraldic brasses.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1440. Some debate on exact identification of individuals remains.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Original full monumental brass included John's wife, children, and other symbols. The figure of John Twynyho is the only surviving brass piece still in the monument, with only indent shapes remaining for the rest. Some debate surrounding identification remains, with some suggesting the figure is Robert Hitchman who died circa 1510.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1523. Original brass includes John Berners, Elizabeth's husband.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1428.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1519.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1458.","Gold on blue. Monumental brass created circa 1497. Full monumental brass includes Oliver's wife Elizabeth Scrope, who died in 1503, and their five sons. Olive's half sister was Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry Vll.","Silver on black. Subject is possibly a 14th century merchant.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1429. Identification of subject and dating for monumental brass are unconfirmed, with some suggesting Sir John Brooke died in 1426 and some identifying the subject as Sir Thomas Charles who died in 1418. Same rubbing subject as rubbings 137 and 157.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1495.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1528. Same monumental brass as rubbing 113.","Silver on black.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1480. Alice was the wife of John Harleston and the daughter of Sir William Clopton and  Lady Margery (Drury) Clopton. Lady Margery is depicted in Rubbing 11.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1466. Full monumental brass includes a surrounding canopy.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1360.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1515.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1421. Sir William fought alongside King Henry V at Agincourt. Rubbing is the top portion only, the full monumental brass includes Sir William's full body with a lion at his feet.","Black on white. Civilian monumental brass created circa 1490 and priest monumental brass created circa 1400s. Same monumental brasses as rubbing 99 and rubbing 100. Full monumental brass includes the civilian's wife to his right, here head and shoulders have been heavily damaged.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1435. Rubbing is the top portion only, full monumental brass includes Lady Alice's full body and can be seen in rubbing 29.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1440.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1518. Rawson was mercer of London and merchant of the staple of Calais.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created 1492.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1350. One of the first civilian brasses. Same subject as as rubbing 36.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1498.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1439.","Black on white. Monumental brass created 1426. Same subject as rubbings 135 and 139.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1504.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created 1524.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1360. The inscription is in French, rather than the traditional Latin, and it is considered the earliest of the four brasses in the county illustrating priests in vestments.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1439. Full monumental brass includes William's wife to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1498.","Black on white. Same subject as rubbing 23.","Silver on black. Monumental brass created circa 1501. Full monumental brass includes larger images of Robert and Anne above their children.","Gold on black. Monumental brass created circa 1400s.","Black on white, mounted on cloth. Monumental brass created circa 1574. Full monumental brass includes Richard's wife, Mary Peyton, to his right.","Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1485. Full monumental brass includes Isabel's husband, Henry Bourchier, to her left. Both originally buried in Beeleigh Abbey, Essex before being moved to Little Easton. Same subject as rubbing 57."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd92b050ab2a26849a4356ba8c8c76b9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6ebe742c21c472bccbec678cb32fbd5c\"\u003e\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n"],"names_coll_ssim":["Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":235,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:36:53.241Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"De Chastillon, Malcolm","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_489.xml","title_ssm":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"title_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"unitdate_ssm":["November 1327"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["November 1327"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0401","/repositories/2/resources/489"],"text":["C0401","/repositories/2/resources/489","Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond","Buckinghamshire (England)","Knights and knighthood","Manors -- England","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Lipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026 W. Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.","The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   ","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019.","The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","De Chastillon, Malcolm","Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0401","/repositories/2/resources/489"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"collection_ssim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Buckinghamshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Buckinghamshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"creator_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"creator_persname_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"creators_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"places_ssim":["Buckinghamshire (England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by SCRC in 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Knights and knighthood","Manors -- England","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Knights and knighthood","Manors -- England","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026amp; W. Robins, 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026 W. Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_35f505643c0bd06baa47f84a1f32f747\"\u003eLatin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df170351b622df7cd7a63fed545dbb63\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"language_ssim":["Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:14:16.259Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_489.xml","title_ssm":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"title_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"unitdate_ssm":["November 1327"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["November 1327"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0401","/repositories/2/resources/489"],"text":["C0401","/repositories/2/resources/489","Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond","Buckinghamshire (England)","Knights and knighthood","Manors -- England","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Lipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026 W. Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.","The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   ","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019.","The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","De Chastillon, Malcolm","Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0401","/repositories/2/resources/489"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"collection_title_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"collection_ssim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Buckinghamshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Buckinghamshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"creator_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"creator_persname_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"creators_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"places_ssim":["Buckinghamshire (England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by SCRC in 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Knights and knighthood","Manors -- England","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Knights and knighthood","Manors -- England","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026amp; W. Robins, 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026 W. Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_35f505643c0bd06baa47f84a1f32f747\"\u003eLatin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df170351b622df7cd7a63fed545dbb63\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"language_ssim":["Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:14:16.259Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_489"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Illuminated manuscript leaf","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Teigen, Philip M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_684.xml","title_ssm":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"title_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1500s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1500s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684"],"text":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684","Illuminated manuscript leaf","Manuscripts, Medieval","Middle Ages","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.","Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including   two Gregorian chant propers .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\"","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Middle Ages","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Middle Ages","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.","Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIlluminated manuscript leaf, C0399, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf, C0399, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1765\"\u003e two Gregorian chant propers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including   two Gregorian chant propers .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ab8ed93fbb680f93459bcc816decb58e\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b61d22de844b6859c3b62a8f7807df3\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"language_ssim":["Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:27:49.802Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_684.xml","title_ssm":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"title_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1500s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1500s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684"],"text":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684","Illuminated manuscript leaf","Manuscripts, Medieval","Middle Ages","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.","Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including   two Gregorian chant propers .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\"","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Latin \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Middle Ages","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Middle Ages","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.","Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIlluminated manuscript leaf, C0399, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf, C0399, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1765\"\u003e two Gregorian chant propers\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including   two Gregorian chant propers .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ab8ed93fbb680f93459bcc816decb58e\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b61d22de844b6859c3b62a8f7807df3\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"language_ssim":["Latin \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:27:49.802Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_684"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_755.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders","title_ssm":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"unitdate_ssm":["1524"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1524"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"text":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755","Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders","Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\","One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including  two Gregorian chant propers  and  Illuminated manuscript leaf .","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds  The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection  of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Manuscripts in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1524],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBritannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMinneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIlluminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1765\"\u003etwo Gregorian chant propers\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0399\"\u003eIlluminated manuscript leaf\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Cleveland Museum of Art holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?credit=The%20Jeanne%20Miles%20Blackburn%20Collection\"\u003eThe Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection\u003c/a\u003e of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including  two Gregorian chant propers  and  Illuminated manuscript leaf .","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds  The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection  of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. 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There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_370cc5d92d0ede56fec4996383def41d\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_611fdcf5b11a41dfd9ed587f10670006\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:10:52.964Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_755.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders","title_ssm":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"unitdate_ssm":["1524"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1524"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"text":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755","Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders","Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\","One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including  two Gregorian chant propers  and  Illuminated manuscript leaf .","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds  The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection  of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Manuscripts in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1524],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBritannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMinneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIlluminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1765\"\u003etwo Gregorian chant propers\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0399\"\u003eIlluminated manuscript leaf\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Cleveland Museum of Art holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?credit=The%20Jeanne%20Miles%20Blackburn%20Collection\"\u003eThe Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection\u003c/a\u003e of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including  two Gregorian chant propers  and  Illuminated manuscript leaf .","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds  The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection  of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_370cc5d92d0ede56fec4996383def41d\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_611fdcf5b11a41dfd9ed587f10670006\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:10:52.964Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Teigen, Philip M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_683.xml","title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"text":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683","Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations","Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.","The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. ","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500) \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"collection_ssim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1492,1493],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026amp; History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. ","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9c3b57056868eb086f3b0a09c0107bd6\"\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3bee58b71fc2aed5ffacba8f87a5170b\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"language_ssim":["German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500) \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:10:24.808Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_683.xml","title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"text":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683","Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations","Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.","The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. ","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500) \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"collection_ssim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1492,1493],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026amp; History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. ","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9c3b57056868eb086f3b0a09c0107bd6\"\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3bee58b71fc2aed5ffacba8f87a5170b\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"language_ssim":["German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500) \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:10:24.808Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Beaven, Vida","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_418.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","title_ssm":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1970s-1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1970s-1990s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418"],"text":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418","Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","Cambridgeshire (England)","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","Items are arranged by subject of the rubbing.","Gottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017.","Dr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","Hamline University ,  Southern Oregon University , and the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  hold brass rubbings collections.","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.","Box contains two rubbings, each showing approximately 75% of the full length brass. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1462. John Blodwell was former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Blodwell's body outside the Chancel and in the Nave of the church.","Box contains two rubbings, one of the full brass and one on smaller paper detailing a side piece only. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1379-1408.","Box contains three rubbings, one of the full brass and two partials. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1401. John Sleford was a former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Sleford's body just inside the Chancel of the church.","Identification of rubbing is tentative based on research and comparison to existing rubbings. Black on White. Monumental Brass created circa 1530-1550.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.","OS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Vida and Michael Beaven in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 8 rubbings, 4 tube boxes inside 1 large box"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 8 rubbings, 4 tube boxes inside 1 large box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged by subject of the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged by subject of the rubbing."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMonumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection, C0284, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection, C0284, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003eHamline University\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003eSouthern Oregon University\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u003c/a\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","Hamline University ,  Southern Oregon University , and the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox contains two rubbings, each showing approximately 75% of the full length brass. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1462. John Blodwell was former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Blodwell's body outside the Chancel and in the Nave of the church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox contains two rubbings, one of the full brass and one on smaller paper detailing a side piece only. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1379-1408.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox contains three rubbings, one of the full brass and two partials. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1401. John Sleford was a former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Sleford's body just inside the Chancel of the church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIdentification of rubbing is tentative based on research and comparison to existing rubbings. Black on White. Monumental Brass created circa 1530-1550.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.","Box contains two rubbings, each showing approximately 75% of the full length brass. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1462. John Blodwell was former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Blodwell's body outside the Chancel and in the Nave of the church.","Box contains two rubbings, one of the full brass and one on smaller paper detailing a side piece only. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1379-1408.","Box contains three rubbings, one of the full brass and two partials. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1401. John Sleford was a former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Sleford's body just inside the Chancel of the church.","Identification of rubbing is tentative based on research and comparison to existing rubbings. Black on White. Monumental Brass created circa 1530-1550."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_651a6a137a92672e1dfff1f40a981a04\"\u003eA collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_377bd5cd8ad32591b64360f0f7fee585\"\u003eOS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["OS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-05T07:17:21.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_418.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","title_ssm":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1970s-1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1970s-1990s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418"],"text":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418","Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","Cambridgeshire (England)","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","Items are arranged by subject of the rubbing.","Gottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017.","Dr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","Hamline University ,  Southern Oregon University , and the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  hold brass rubbings collections.","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.","Box contains two rubbings, each showing approximately 75% of the full length brass. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1462. John Blodwell was former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Blodwell's body outside the Chancel and in the Nave of the church.","Box contains two rubbings, one of the full brass and one on smaller paper detailing a side piece only. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1379-1408.","Box contains three rubbings, one of the full brass and two partials. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1401. John Sleford was a former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Sleford's body just inside the Chancel of the church.","Identification of rubbing is tentative based on research and comparison to existing rubbings. Black on White. Monumental Brass created circa 1530-1550.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.","OS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creators_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"places_ssim":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Vida and Michael Beaven in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 8 rubbings, 4 tube boxes inside 1 large box"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 8 rubbings, 4 tube boxes inside 1 large box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged by subject of the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged by subject of the rubbing."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMonumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection, C0284, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection, C0284, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003eHamline University\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003eSouthern Oregon University\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u003c/a\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","Hamline University ,  Southern Oregon University , and the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox contains two rubbings, each showing approximately 75% of the full length brass. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1462. John Blodwell was former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Blodwell's body outside the Chancel and in the Nave of the church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox contains two rubbings, one of the full brass and one on smaller paper detailing a side piece only. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1379-1408.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox contains three rubbings, one of the full brass and two partials. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1401. John Sleford was a former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Sleford's body just inside the Chancel of the church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIdentification of rubbing is tentative based on research and comparison to existing rubbings. Black on White. Monumental Brass created circa 1530-1550.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.","Box contains two rubbings, each showing approximately 75% of the full length brass. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1462. John Blodwell was former Rector of the church. Brass has been moved from its original position which was likely above John Blodwell's body outside the Chancel and in the Nave of the church.","Box contains two rubbings, one of the full brass and one on smaller paper detailing a side piece only. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1379-1408.","Box contains three rubbings, one of the full brass and two partials. Black on White. Monumental brass created circa 1401. John Sleford was a former Rector of the church. 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