{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Middle+Ages\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Middle+Ages\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brenner, Bernard","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_119.xml","title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"text":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection","C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series\n      Series 1: Brass Rubbings\n      Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets","Monumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the",", , and the  hold brass rubbings collections.","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","Top of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"unitid_tesim":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"creators_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Bernard Brenner from 1996 - 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series according to format.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Brass Rubbings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Booklets and Pamphlets\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series\n      Series 1: Brass Rubbings\n      Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Monumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Beaven brass rubbings collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0284\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Hamline University\" href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Southern Oregon University\" href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\" href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the",", , and the  hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd92b050ab2a26849a4356ba8c8c76b9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6ebe742c21c472bccbec678cb32fbd5c\"\u003e\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Top of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":235,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_119.xml","title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1978-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"text":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection","C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series\n      Series 1: Brass Rubbings\n      Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets","Monumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the",", , and the  hold brass rubbings collections.","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.","Top of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"unitid_tesim":["C0044","/repositories/2/resources/119"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"creators_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Bernard Brenner from 1996 - 1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Church buildings","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22 Linear Feet 166 rubbings, 3 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series according to format.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Brass Rubbings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Booklets and Pamphlets\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series according to format.","Series\n      Series 1: Brass Rubbings\n      Series 2: Booklets and Pamphlets"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nMonumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBrass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Monumental brasses - sometimes known simply as \"brasses\" - are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church.","Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner was a resident of Northern Virginia and former agricultural journalist for United Press International. Devoted Anglophiles, Brenner and his first wife Madeline Hosmer Brenner would often travel to the United Kingdom to visit monumental brasses and create rubbings for their collection. In 1981 the Brenners published a pamphlet on the Robert de Bures brass, considered one of the finer monumental brasses. Brenner passed away in 2009."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection, C0044, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","Reprocessed by Amanda Menjivar from  Spring 2019 - March 2023. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Inventory assistance provided by Lana Mason and Meghan Glasbrenner. Finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in April 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Beaven brass rubbings collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0284\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Hamline University\" href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Southern Oregon University\" href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\" href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the",", , and the  hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernard \"Bernie\" Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The rubbings range in type of paper, rubbing medium, color, and size. The rubbings generally feature deceased figures such as men, women, and couples. Animals and heraldic imagery are also present. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited – and that the brasses originate from – as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fd92b050ab2a26849a4356ba8c8c76b9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 166 rubbings of monumental brasses made by Bernie Brenner from 1974 through the 1980s in England. The collection also contains pamphlets and booklets from the parish churches that Brenner visited - and that the brasses originate from - as well as bulletins from the Monumental Brass Society."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6ebe742c21c472bccbec678cb32fbd5c\"\u003e\nTop of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Top of MC 31 and 34\n\n\nMC 30.2 - 30.4\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 5\n\n\nOS R 6, C 3, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Monumental Brass Society (London, England)"],"persname_ssim":["Brenner, Bernard"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Monumental Brass Society (London, England)","Brenner, Bernard"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":235,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:17.521Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_119"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_781.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England","title_ssm":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"title_tesim":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1980s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1980s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"text":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England","C0572","/repositories/2/resources/781","Oxford (England)","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection and Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection.","Hamline University, Southern Oregon University, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hold brass rubbings collections.","Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530, prior to Claimond's death in 1537. Claimond was the first President of Corpus Christi College.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England.","Top of MC 34","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)","Latin\n      English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"collection_ssim":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0572","/repositories/2/resources/781"],"unitid_tesim":["C0572","/repositories/2/resources/781"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Oxford (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Oxford (England)"],"places_ssim":["Oxford (England)"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Susan Mendoza in December 2025. Donation facilitated by Kathy Mendoza and Julie Mendoza Maholchic, sisters of the donor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 1 rubbing"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 1 rubbing"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMonumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBrass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England, C0572, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England, C0572, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in August 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0284\"\u003eVida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003eHamline University\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003eSouthern Oregon University\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u003c/a\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection and Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection.","Hamline University, Southern Oregon University, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFull-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530, prior to Claimond's death in 1537. Claimond was the first President of Corpus Christi College.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530, prior to Claimond's death in 1537. Claimond was the first President of Corpus Christi College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_76a4eeb22002adda28556eab6f616f49\"\u003eFull-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3316c0db1bbad47277cba7d795b6edd5\"\u003eTop of MC 34\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Top of MC 34"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"language_ssim":["Latin\n      English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-29T00:04:12.677Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_781","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_781.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England","title_ssm":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"title_tesim":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1980s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1980s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England"],"text":["Brass rubbing of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England","C0572","/repositories/2/resources/781","Oxford (England)","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. 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Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection and Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection.","Hamline University, Southern Oregon University, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hold brass rubbings collections.","Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England. Black on white. Monumental brass created circa 1530, prior to Claimond's death in 1537. Claimond was the first President of Corpus Christi College.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Full-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England.","Top of MC 34","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford)"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Susan Mendoza in December 2025. Donation facilitated by Kathy Mendoza and Julie Mendoza Maholchic, sisters of the donor."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 1 rubbing"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 1 rubbing"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMonumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. 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Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0284\"\u003eVida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003eHamline University\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003eSouthern Oregon University\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u003c/a\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection and Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection.","Hamline University, Southern Oregon University, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFull-size rubbing of monumental brass of John Claimond (also spelled Claymond) as an emaciated effigy in shroud from Corpus Christi College in Oxford, England. 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Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.","The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019.","The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. 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It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_35f505643c0bd06baa47f84a1f32f747\"\u003eLatin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df170351b622df7cd7a63fed545dbb63\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.","The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019.","The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Robins, 1847.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lipscomb, George. The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. United Kingdom: J. \u0026 W. Robins, 1847.","Thornton College,\"History of Thornton,\" https://www.thorntoncollege.com/about-us/history-of-thornton.","University of Nottingham,\"Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham,\" accessed July 25, 2019.  https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/researchguidance/medievaldocuments/handwritingstyles.aspx."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The manor and village of Thornton are located in Buckinghamshire, England. Manors played a major societal role in the medieval period as anchors around which village life revolved. From the 13th through most of the 14th centuries, the de Chastillon family held Thornton manor, though the manor changed hands many times before and after this time period (Lipscomb, 118). Today, Thornton Manor is now Thornton College, an independent Catholic school for girls ages 3-18 (\"History of Thornton,\" thorntoncollege.com).","According to George Lipscomb, Malcolm de Chastillon, son of another Malcolm de Chastillon, inherited the estate from his father around 1318 (118), though this contradicts the dealer from whom the grant was purchased, who states that he inherited from his mother upon her death in 1315."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Grant of Thornton land from Malcolm de Chastillon to Robert, son of Robert Symond, C0401, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in July 2019. 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It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a single document on vellum in Latin in a cursive script (see Handwriting Styles - The University of Nottingham), probably written by a scribe.  The document grants land from Malcolm de Chastillon of Thornton Manor to Robert, son of Robert Symond.  It is dated in the last sentence by regnal year, \"anno regni regis Edwardi filie regis Edwardi [...]\" - \"[the] year of the reign of King Edward son of King Edward [...]\"  According to the dealer's notes, it is dated after the Feast of All Saints, which occurs on November 1."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_35f505643c0bd06baa47f84a1f32f747\"\u003eLatin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Latin land grant on vellum from Malcolm de Chastillon, knight, to Robert, son of Robert Symond."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_df170351b622df7cd7a63fed545dbb63\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["De Chastillon, Malcolm"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.","Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including  two Gregorian chant propers.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\"","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated manuscript leaf"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684"],"unitid_tesim":["C0399","/repositories/2/resources/684"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. 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Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Category:Conversion of Paul.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. 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On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul. On one page portions of the \"Introit: Scio cui credidi\" can be seen beginning at the top and on the other page portions of the \"Alleluia verse: Magnus sanctus Paulus\" begin with the first illuminated letter \"M.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ab8ed93fbb680f93459bcc816decb58e\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b61d22de844b6859c3b62a8f7807df3\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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ChoralWiki. April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.","\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.","Lumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.","\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.","\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. 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The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript containing sections from the choral Conversion of Paul.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. 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April 6, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Category:Conversion_of_Paul.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Illuminated Manuscript.\" 2022. Britannica. April 26, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. National Gallery of Art. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLumma, Liborius. 2019. \"INTROITUS: Conversion of St. Paul.\" PrayTellBlog. January 23, 2019. https://praytellblog.com/index.php/2019/01/23/introitus-conversion-of-st-paul/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Magnus Sanctus Paulus.\" 2021. ChoralWiki. April 22, 2021. https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Magnus_sanctus_Paulus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" n.d. Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. 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Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. 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Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\","One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including two Gregorian chant propers and Illuminated manuscript leaf.","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, 1524"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, 1524"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"unitid_tesim":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Manuscripts in 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1524],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBritannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIlluminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1765\"\u003etwo Gregorian chant propers\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0399\"\u003eIlluminated manuscript leaf\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cleveland Museum of Art holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?credit=The%20Jeanne%20Miles%20Blackburn%20Collection\"\u003eThe Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection\u003c/a\u003e of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including two Gregorian chant propers and Illuminated manuscript leaf.","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_370cc5d92d0ede56fec4996383def41d\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_611fdcf5b11a41dfd9ed587f10670006\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_755.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders","title_ssm":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders"],"unitdate_ssm":["1524"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1524"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, 1524"],"text":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, 1524","C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755","Manuscripts, Medieval","Illumination of books and manuscripts","Middle Ages","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.","Britannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.","\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\","One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.","Derived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including two Gregorian chant propers and Illuminated manuscript leaf.","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.","R 71, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, 1524"],"collection_ssim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, 1524"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"unitid_tesim":["C0536","/repositories/2/resources/755"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Accessed July 16, 2025. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mansfeld.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBritannica. 2022. \"Illuminated Manuscript.\" April 26. https://www.britannica.com/art/illuminated-manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Ferial Psalter · Highlights from Bridwell Library Special Collections: Public Worship and Private Devotion · Bridwell Library Special Collections Exhibitions.\" n.d. Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mansfeld - Wikisource, the Free Online Library.\" n.d. 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Accessed July 16, 2025. https://bridwell.omeka.net/exhibits/show/worshipdevotion/ferialpsalter.","Minneapolis Institute of Art Home. n.d. \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://new.artsmia.org/programs/teachers-and-students/teaching-the-arts/five-ideas/medieval-illuminated-manuscripts.","National Gallery of Art. n.d. \"Illuminated Manuscripts.\" Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.nga.gov/conservation/paper/manuscript-project.html.\\"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. The Mansfeld family line officially ended with the death of the last remaining male heir, Josef Wenzel Nepomuk, Prince of Fondi in Italy, in 1780, with the family's lands then divided between Saxony and Prussia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDerived from the Latin words \"manus\" (hand) and \"scriptus\" (writing) the term manuscript refers to those text written by hand. The term illumination, taken from the Latin \"illuminare\" (lighted up), referred to decoration of manuscript text with gold leaf, or sometimes silver, giving the impression that the page had been literally illuminated. Throughout the early medieval period illuminated manuscripts were written and illuminated solely by monks and mainly centered on the creation of Latin texts used in Christian worship. By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["One of the old and illustrious families of Germany, the Mansfeld family took its name from Mansfeld in Saxony where it was seated from the 11th through the 18th century. Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) was a close friend of Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther (1483-1546) and an early supporter of the Reformation movement. 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By the start of the thirteenth century, the growth of literacy and universities as centers of learning led to an increased demand for books of all kinds, turning the creation of illuminated manuscripts into a city-based business, in which professional scribes and illuminators were hired to complete the work. Traditional illuminated manuscripts were written on vellum (calf skin) or parchment (sheep or goat skin), with the writing often completed before the illuminator took over to add the gold or silver gilding."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIlluminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Illuminated vellum manuscript leaf with gold borders, C0536, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in May 2025. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1765\"\u003etwo Gregorian chant propers\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0399\"\u003eIlluminated manuscript leaf\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cleveland Museum of Art holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?credit=The%20Jeanne%20Miles%20Blackburn%20Collection\"\u003eThe Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection\u003c/a\u003e of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages, including two Gregorian chant propers and Illuminated manuscript leaf.","The Cleveland Museum of Art holds The Jeanne Miles Blackburn Collection of illuminated manuscript leaves, including additional leaves from the Mansfeld manuscript.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of Christian manuscripts dating from the Middle Ages."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers taken from a Psalter and Prayerbook in Latin, created in Northern Germany, likely in Hildesheim, for the Mansfeld family. The full manuscript contains a composite text for use at Mass and other services containing various psalms and prayers, including a Ferial Psalter, or Book of Psalms, designed for recitation during the Divine Office (also known as the Liturgy of the Hours) which distributes the 150 psalms over seven daily readings, with each psalm being recited once each week.","Additional removed leaves from the full manuscript not held in this collection include the arms for the prominent Mansfeld family of northern Germany indicating the manuscript may have been created for Albert, Count of Mansfeld (1480-1560) and a further miniature of St. Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim (d. 1038), suggests the location of the manuscript's creation in that city. The full manuscript was broken up following sale at auction in June 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_370cc5d92d0ede56fec4996383def41d\"\u003eSingle double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Single double-sided leaf from an illuminated manuscript with full brushed gold border containing colorful stylized plants and flowers."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_611fdcf5b11a41dfd9ed587f10670006\"\u003eR 71, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 2, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_755"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Teigen, Philip M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_683.xml","title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1492/1493"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493"],"text":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493","C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683","Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.","The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks.","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493"],"collection_ssim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"unitid_tesim":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1492,1493],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026amp; History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks.","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9c3b57056868eb086f3b0a09c0107bd6\"\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3bee58b71fc2aed5ffacba8f87a5170b\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"language_ssim":["German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_683.xml","title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1492/1493"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493"],"text":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493","C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683","Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.","The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks.","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493"],"collection_ssim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, 1492/1493"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"unitid_tesim":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1492,1493],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026amp; History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks.","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations, C0398, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://libraries.catholic.edu/special-collections/rare-books/index.html\"\u003eThe Rare Books Collection\u003c/a\u003e in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection.","The Rare Books Collection in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9c3b57056868eb086f3b0a09c0107bd6\"\u003eSingle leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3bee58b71fc2aed5ffacba8f87a5170b\"\u003eMap case 16.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map case 16.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"language_ssim":["German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Beaven, Vida","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_418.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","title_ssm":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"title_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1970s-1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1970s-1990s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"text":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection","C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418","Cambridgeshire (England)","Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages","There are no access restrictions.","Items are arranged by subject of the rubbing.","Gottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017.","Dr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.","EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection.","Hamline University, Southern Oregon University, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hold brass rubbings collections.","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.","OS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"collection_ssim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418"],"unitid_tesim":["C0284","/repositories/2/resources/418"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"geogname_ssim":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"places_ssim":["Cambridgeshire (England)"],"creator_ssm":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Vida and Michael Beaven in 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Brass rubbing","Brasses","Heraldry -- Great Britain","Middle Ages"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 8 rubbings, 4 tube boxes inside 1 large box"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 8 rubbings, 4 tube boxes inside 1 large box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged by subject of the rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged by subject of the rubbing."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gottesman, Michael. 2017. \"Remembrances: Mike Beaven (1936-2017).\" NIH Intramural Research Program, June 22. https://irp.nih.gov/blog/post/2017/06/remembrances-mike-beaven-1936-2017."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Michael A. Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. Rubbings are made by carefully pressing paper onto the surface of the brass and gently rubbing over this with a waxy crayon (typically heelball/cobbler's wax) to reproduce the image onto the paper."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection, C0284, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Vida and Michael Beaven brass rubbings collection, C0284, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in April 2016.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from November 2025 - January 2026. Rehousing and preservation services provided by Amy Sullivan. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0044\"\u003eBernard Brenner brass rubbings collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.hamline.edu/about/offices-services/archives/brass-rubbings-collection\"\u003eHamline University\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://sou.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\"\u003eSouthern Oregon University\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.spurlock.illinois.edu/exhibits/profiles/horowitz.html\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign\u003c/a\u003e hold brass rubbings collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection.","Hamline University, Southern Oregon University, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign hold brass rubbings collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England. All rubbings are black on white and use similar paper, but range in size and the amount of the monumental brass reproduced. Dates in the inventory refer to the inferred estimate for when the rubbings were created; information on the monumental brass subjects and original creation dates can be found in the Scope and Contents note for each boxed rubbing."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_651a6a137a92672e1dfff1f40a981a04\"\u003eA collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_377bd5cd8ad32591b64360f0f7fee585\"\u003eOS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["OS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Beaven, Vida","Beaven, Michael A."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. 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(See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","A collection of eight rubbings depicting four individual monumental brasses from churches in Cambridgeshire, England.","OS R 3, C 5, S 1 - OS R 4, C 1, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Beaven was born in London, England, on December 4, 1936, and earned his Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) and Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry from the University of London. An expert in mast cell biology, Dr. Beaven began working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a Visiting Fellow in 1962 in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), but rose quickly to become a tenured scientist and Deputy Chief of the NHLBI's Laboratory of Molecular Immunology. After 47 years with the NHLBI, Dr. Beaven formally retired in 2010, but assumed the role of NIH Scientist Emeritus and continued to work with the organization for another 7 years. He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. 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He married his wife Vida circa 1964 and the couple would remain married for the next 53 years until he passed away on April 8, 2017 at the age of 80.","Monumental brasses, sometimes known simply as \"brasses,\" are a type of sepulchral memorial that was popularized in 13th century Europe, particularly in England and the rest of the British Isles. Consisting of slabs of engraved brass, these memorials typically feature idealized, youthful figures of the deceased, alongside animals and heraldic imagery. In England, they are often found in the oldest local church of the area, called the parish church. Brass rubbing is a technique used to reproduce the engraving on a monumental brass. 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