{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Memorabilia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Memorabilia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"C-SPAN Corporation","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","Includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","This series includes multiple press clip routers from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus 1994-1995 tour.","This series includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","This series includes Press Releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","This series includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN Green Room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","This series includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics related to C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and Brian Lamb directly. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and court documents.","This series includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","This series includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, Floppy Disks, Cassette Tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","This series includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","This series includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, framed pictures, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes multiple press clip routers from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Press Releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN Green Room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics related to C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and Brian Lamb directly. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, Floppy Disks, Cassette Tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, framed pictures, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","Includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","This series includes multiple press clip routers from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus 1994-1995 tour.","This series includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","This series includes Press Releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","This series includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN Green Room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","This series includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics related to C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and Brian Lamb directly. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and court documents.","This series includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","This series includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, Floppy Disks, Cassette Tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","This series includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","This series includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, framed pictures, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:54:52.126Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","Includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","This series includes multiple press clip routers from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus 1994-1995 tour.","This series includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","This series includes Press Releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","This series includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN Green Room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","This series includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics related to C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and Brian Lamb directly. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and court documents.","This series includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","This series includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, Floppy Disks, Cassette Tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","This series includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","This series includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, framed pictures, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes multiple press clip routers from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Press Releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN Green Room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics related to C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and Brian Lamb directly. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEducation and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, Floppy Disks, Cassette Tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, framed pictures, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","Includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","This series includes multiple press clip routers from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus 1994-1995 tour.","This series includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","This series includes Press Releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","This series includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN Green Room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","This series includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics related to C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and Brian Lamb directly. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials. Reproductions (photographs, scans, etc.) of items in this series may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and court documents.","This series includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","This series includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, Floppy Disks, Cassette Tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","This series includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","This series includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, framed pictures, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:54:52.126Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_85.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Martha Pennino papers","title_ssm":["Martha Pennino papers"],"title_tesim":["Martha Pennino papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005"],"text":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005","C0146","/repositories/2/resources/85","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)","Housing","Local government -- Virginia","Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into 5 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Subject Files, 1971-1990 (Boxes 1-12)\n      Series 2: Newsclippings, 1960-1989 (Boxes 12-18)\n      Series 3: Photographs, 1960-1985 (Box 19)\n      Series 4: Memorabilia, 1960-2005 (Boxes 20-22)\n      Series 5: Oversize, 1960-1992 (Boxes 23-25)","Born in Roanoke, Virginia, Martha Pennino (1918-2004) was called the Mother of Fairfax for her long service to the county. She was one of the longest-serving members of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, spending 24 years on the board. She was first elected in November 1967, representing what was then the Centreville District. She served as vice chairman for a total of 17 years.","In 1985, Pennino won the Tom Bradley Regional Leadership Award. In giving her this honor, the National Association of Regional Councils cited her efforts in developing the first energy policy for a metropolitan area, the first area car pool program, and a fair share housing program. In 1986, Washingtonian magazine named her Washingtonian of the Year. Prior to joining the board, Pennino was elected to three terms on the Vienna Town Council, serving as vice mayor during one of those terms. Additionally, Pennino took a leadership role in developing the planned community of Reston, as well as embracing low-cost housing adjacent to her office.","The Martha Pennino papers were originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection. These papers from the Planned Community Archives collection were then combined with the Martha Pennino memorabilia collection, a separate collection related to Martha Pennino. In 2009 the documents were removed and arranged into the Marth Pennino papers. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections focused on Fairfax County, Virginia.","The Martha Pennino papers documents Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","Series one is organized in alphabetical order. This collection is mostly paperwork relating to different projects, such as subsidizing, transportation, and the Reston Community Association. The series is dated from 1971-1990.","Series two is comprised of newsclippings. They are organized chronologically by month and year. The newsclipping cover Martha Pennino career such as Pennino's campaigns, re-elections and community meetings. The series is dated from 1960-1989.","Series three includes photographs that document Martha Pennino's career. The photographs show Martha Pennino campaigning, attending receptions and meeting with well know politicians including President Jimmy Carter and Senator Ted Kennedy. The series is dated from 1960-1985.","Series four is memorabilia that Martha Pennino collected. Items in this series include awards from different organizations such as Fox Mill Communities Preservation Association and Vienna Little League. Also in the collection is a telegram from President Jimmy Carter and a letter from John Glenn. The series is dated from 1960-2005.","Series five is oversize. It includes three boxes of memorabilia from Martha Pennino. Included are posters and awards given to Martha Pennino. The series is dated from 1960-1992.","This is the largest series in the collection and is organized in alphabetic order. In the series there is information on subsidizing housing, transportation, rezoning and other items relating to the work that Martha Pennino did while a member of the Board of Supervisors in Fairfax County.","244.3","244.2","244.1","252.4","252.5","252.6","252.7","252.8","253.3","253.2","253.1","250.3","248.1","254.4","254.3","254.2","245.1","244.4","244.7","244.8","244.6","244.5","250.1","250.2","246.5","249.7","246.4","253.4","249.4","249.6","249.5","248.5","248.7","248.6","248.2","245.6","245.5","250.8","250.9","251.9","250.7","250.4","250.5","250.6","255.4","255.1","255.2","255.3","247.1","247.2","247.3","247.5","247.4","247.8","247.7","247.6","251.6","251.7","251.8","252.1","252.2","252.3","251.1","249.3","249.2","249.1","248.8","248.4","248.2","248.3","251.5","251.3","251.4","251.2","253.7","253.5","253.6","245.2","245.3","245.4","243.3","243.1","243.2","254.1","243.7","243.6","243.5","243.4","246.6","254.5","254.6","This series is comprised of newsclippings over the course of Martha Pennino career. The newsclippings are in chronological order, organized by year. The newsclippings cover a variety of topics including campaigning and re-election.","256.9","256.7","256.6","256.1","256.2","256.3","256.4","256.5","256.8","257.1","257.2","257.3","257.4","257.5","257.6","257.7","257.8","258.1","258.2","258.3","258.4","258.5","258.6","258.7","258.8","259.1","259.2","259.3","259.4","259.5","259.6","259.7","259.8","260.1","260.2","260.3","260.4","260.5","261.1","261.2","261.3","261.4","261.5","261.6","262.1","262.2","262.3","262.4","262.5","262.6","262.7","263.1","263.2","263.3","263.4","263.5","263.6","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","264.6","264.7","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","This series is comprised of photographs that cover Martha Pennino entire career in Fairfax. Most of the photographs are of meetings, dedication ceremonies and receptions.","5.9","5.6","5.9","5.11","5.10","5.1","5.2","5.3","5.5","5.8","5.4","5.12","This series is comprised of memorabilia that Martha Pennino received during and after her career. Included in the collection are magazine articles and awards from different organizations in recognization for her work over the years.","3.2","3.1","3.3","3","3.4","3.5","3.6","5.4","2.1","2.2","2.3","2.4","6.4","6.14","6.18","6.3","6.13","6.10","6.8","6.12","6.5","6.11","6.1","6.6","6.17","6.2","6.9","6.16","6.7","6.15","This series includes 3 boxes. The oversized boxes are stored separate from the rest of the collection. The documents included are posters and awards that were given to Martha Pennino.","399","399","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","2","2","2","2","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","R 41, C3, S3- S7\n\n\nOS R 5, C 4, S 6\n\n\nOS R 7, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association","Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0146","/repositories/2/resources/85"],"unitid_tesim":["C0146","/repositories/2/resources/85"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004"],"creator_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association"],"creators_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Martha Pennino in September 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Housing","Local government -- Virginia","Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Housing","Local government -- Virginia","Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.5 Linear Feet 25 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["12.5 Linear Feet 25 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into 5 series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Subject Files, 1971-1990 (Boxes 1-12)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Newsclippings, 1960-1989 (Boxes 12-18)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, 1960-1985 (Box 19)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Memorabilia, 1960-2005 (Boxes 20-22)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Oversize, 1960-1992 (Boxes 23-25)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into 5 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Subject Files, 1971-1990 (Boxes 1-12)\n      Series 2: Newsclippings, 1960-1989 (Boxes 12-18)\n      Series 3: Photographs, 1960-1985 (Box 19)\n      Series 4: Memorabilia, 1960-2005 (Boxes 20-22)\n      Series 5: Oversize, 1960-1992 (Boxes 23-25)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Roanoke, Virginia, Martha Pennino (1918-2004) was called the Mother of Fairfax for her long service to the county. She was one of the longest-serving members of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, spending 24 years on the board. She was first elected in November 1967, representing what was then the Centreville District. She served as vice chairman for a total of 17 years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1985, Pennino won the Tom Bradley Regional Leadership Award. In giving her this honor, the National Association of Regional Councils cited her efforts in developing the first energy policy for a metropolitan area, the first area car pool program, and a fair share housing program. In 1986, Washingtonian magazine named her Washingtonian of the Year. Prior to joining the board, Pennino was elected to three terms on the Vienna Town Council, serving as vice mayor during one of those terms. Additionally, Pennino took a leadership role in developing the planned community of Reston, as well as embracing low-cost housing adjacent to her office. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Roanoke, Virginia, Martha Pennino (1918-2004) was called the Mother of Fairfax for her long service to the county. She was one of the longest-serving members of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, spending 24 years on the board. She was first elected in November 1967, representing what was then the Centreville District. She served as vice chairman for a total of 17 years.","In 1985, Pennino won the Tom Bradley Regional Leadership Award. In giving her this honor, the National Association of Regional Councils cited her efforts in developing the first energy policy for a metropolitan area, the first area car pool program, and a fair share housing program. In 1986, Washingtonian magazine named her Washingtonian of the Year. Prior to joining the board, Pennino was elected to three terms on the Vienna Town Council, serving as vice mayor during one of those terms. Additionally, Pennino took a leadership role in developing the planned community of Reston, as well as embracing low-cost housing adjacent to her office."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMartha Pennino papers, C0146, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Martha Pennino papers, C0146, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Martha Pennino papers were originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection. These papers from the Planned Community Archives collection were then combined with the Martha Pennino memorabilia collection, a separate collection related to Martha Pennino. In 2009 the documents were removed and arranged into the Marth Pennino papers. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Martha Pennino papers were originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection. These papers from the Planned Community Archives collection were then combined with the Martha Pennino memorabilia collection, a separate collection related to Martha Pennino. In 2009 the documents were removed and arranged into the Marth Pennino papers. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections focused on Fairfax County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections focused on Fairfax County, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Martha Pennino papers documents Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries one is organized in alphabetical order. This collection is mostly paperwork relating to different projects, such as subsidizing, transportation, and the Reston Community Association. The series is dated from 1971-1990. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries two is comprised of newsclippings. They are organized chronologically by month and year. The newsclipping cover Martha Pennino career such as Pennino's campaigns, re-elections and community meetings. The series is dated from 1960-1989. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries three includes photographs that document Martha Pennino's career. The photographs show Martha Pennino campaigning, attending receptions and meeting with well know politicians including President Jimmy Carter and Senator Ted Kennedy. The series is dated from 1960-1985. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries four is memorabilia that Martha Pennino collected. Items in this series include awards from different organizations such as Fox Mill Communities Preservation Association and Vienna Little League. Also in the collection is a telegram from President Jimmy Carter and a letter from John Glenn. The series is dated from 1960-2005. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries five is oversize. It includes three boxes of memorabilia from Martha Pennino. Included are posters and awards given to Martha Pennino. The series is dated from 1960-1992. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis is the largest series in the collection and is organized in alphabetic order. In the series there is information on subsidizing housing, transportation, rezoning and other items relating to the work that Martha Pennino did while a member of the Board of Supervisors in Fairfax County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e246.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e246.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e246.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of newsclippings over the course of Martha Pennino career. The newsclippings are in chronological order, organized by year. The newsclippings cover a variety of topics including campaigning and re-election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of photographs that cover Martha Pennino entire career in Fairfax. Most of the photographs are of meetings, dedication ceremonies and receptions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of memorabilia that Martha Pennino received during and after her career. Included in the collection are magazine articles and awards from different organizations in recognization for her work over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes 3 boxes. The oversized boxes are stored separate from the rest of the collection. The documents included are posters and awards that were given to Martha Pennino.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e399\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e399\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents 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and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Martha Pennino papers documents Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","Series one is organized in alphabetical order. This collection is mostly paperwork relating to different projects, such as subsidizing, transportation, and the Reston Community Association. The series is dated from 1971-1990.","Series two is comprised of newsclippings. They are organized chronologically by month and year. The newsclipping cover Martha Pennino career such as Pennino's campaigns, re-elections and community meetings. The series is dated from 1960-1989.","Series three includes photographs that document Martha Pennino's career. The photographs show Martha Pennino campaigning, attending receptions and meeting with well know politicians including President Jimmy Carter and Senator Ted Kennedy. The series is dated from 1960-1985.","Series four is memorabilia that Martha Pennino collected. Items in this series include awards from different organizations such as Fox Mill Communities Preservation Association and Vienna Little League. Also in the collection is a telegram from President Jimmy Carter and a letter from John Glenn. The series is dated from 1960-2005.","Series five is oversize. It includes three boxes of memorabilia from Martha Pennino. Included are posters and awards given to Martha Pennino. The series is dated from 1960-1992.","This is the largest series in the collection and is organized in alphabetic order. In the series there is information on subsidizing housing, transportation, rezoning and other items relating to the work that Martha Pennino did while a member of the Board of Supervisors in Fairfax County.","244.3","244.2","244.1","252.4","252.5","252.6","252.7","252.8","253.3","253.2","253.1","250.3","248.1","254.4","254.3","254.2","245.1","244.4","244.7","244.8","244.6","244.5","250.1","250.2","246.5","249.7","246.4","253.4","249.4","249.6","249.5","248.5","248.7","248.6","248.2","245.6","245.5","250.8","250.9","251.9","250.7","250.4","250.5","250.6","255.4","255.1","255.2","255.3","247.1","247.2","247.3","247.5","247.4","247.8","247.7","247.6","251.6","251.7","251.8","252.1","252.2","252.3","251.1","249.3","249.2","249.1","248.8","248.4","248.2","248.3","251.5","251.3","251.4","251.2","253.7","253.5","253.6","245.2","245.3","245.4","243.3","243.1","243.2","254.1","243.7","243.6","243.5","243.4","246.6","254.5","254.6","This series is comprised of newsclippings over the course of Martha Pennino career. The newsclippings are in chronological order, organized by year. The newsclippings cover a variety of topics including campaigning and re-election.","256.9","256.7","256.6","256.1","256.2","256.3","256.4","256.5","256.8","257.1","257.2","257.3","257.4","257.5","257.6","257.7","257.8","258.1","258.2","258.3","258.4","258.5","258.6","258.7","258.8","259.1","259.2","259.3","259.4","259.5","259.6","259.7","259.8","260.1","260.2","260.3","260.4","260.5","261.1","261.2","261.3","261.4","261.5","261.6","262.1","262.2","262.3","262.4","262.5","262.6","262.7","263.1","263.2","263.3","263.4","263.5","263.6","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","264.6","264.7","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","This series is comprised of photographs that cover Martha Pennino entire career in Fairfax. Most of the photographs are of meetings, dedication ceremonies and receptions.","5.9","5.6","5.9","5.11","5.10","5.1","5.2","5.3","5.5","5.8","5.4","5.12","This series is comprised of memorabilia that Martha Pennino received during and after her career. Included in the collection are magazine articles and awards from different organizations in recognization for her work over the years.","3.2","3.1","3.3","3","3.4","3.5","3.6","5.4","2.1","2.2","2.3","2.4","6.4","6.14","6.18","6.3","6.13","6.10","6.8","6.12","6.5","6.11","6.1","6.6","6.17","6.2","6.9","6.16","6.7","6.15","This series includes 3 boxes. The oversized boxes are stored separate from the rest of the collection. The documents included are posters and awards that were given to Martha Pennino.","399","399","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","2","2","2","2"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_01ec895765007ea1094a8315da40f63a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_944b8e0ae031aa8efa1aa2a572761b1f\"\u003e\nR 41, C3, S3- S7\n\n\nOS R 5, C 4, S 6\n\n\nOS R 7, C 1, S 6\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 41, C3, S3- S7\n\n\nOS R 5, C 4, S 6\n\n\nOS R 7, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004"],"persname_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association","Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":231,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:51.434Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_85.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Martha Pennino papers","title_ssm":["Martha Pennino papers"],"title_tesim":["Martha Pennino papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005"],"text":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005","C0146","/repositories/2/resources/85","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)","Housing","Local government -- Virginia","Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into 5 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Subject Files, 1971-1990 (Boxes 1-12)\n      Series 2: Newsclippings, 1960-1989 (Boxes 12-18)\n      Series 3: Photographs, 1960-1985 (Box 19)\n      Series 4: Memorabilia, 1960-2005 (Boxes 20-22)\n      Series 5: Oversize, 1960-1992 (Boxes 23-25)","Born in Roanoke, Virginia, Martha Pennino (1918-2004) was called the Mother of Fairfax for her long service to the county. She was one of the longest-serving members of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, spending 24 years on the board. She was first elected in November 1967, representing what was then the Centreville District. She served as vice chairman for a total of 17 years.","In 1985, Pennino won the Tom Bradley Regional Leadership Award. In giving her this honor, the National Association of Regional Councils cited her efforts in developing the first energy policy for a metropolitan area, the first area car pool program, and a fair share housing program. In 1986, Washingtonian magazine named her Washingtonian of the Year. Prior to joining the board, Pennino was elected to three terms on the Vienna Town Council, serving as vice mayor during one of those terms. Additionally, Pennino took a leadership role in developing the planned community of Reston, as well as embracing low-cost housing adjacent to her office.","The Martha Pennino papers were originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection. These papers from the Planned Community Archives collection were then combined with the Martha Pennino memorabilia collection, a separate collection related to Martha Pennino. In 2009 the documents were removed and arranged into the Marth Pennino papers. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections focused on Fairfax County, Virginia.","The Martha Pennino papers documents Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","Series one is organized in alphabetical order. This collection is mostly paperwork relating to different projects, such as subsidizing, transportation, and the Reston Community Association. The series is dated from 1971-1990.","Series two is comprised of newsclippings. They are organized chronologically by month and year. The newsclipping cover Martha Pennino career such as Pennino's campaigns, re-elections and community meetings. The series is dated from 1960-1989.","Series three includes photographs that document Martha Pennino's career. The photographs show Martha Pennino campaigning, attending receptions and meeting with well know politicians including President Jimmy Carter and Senator Ted Kennedy. The series is dated from 1960-1985.","Series four is memorabilia that Martha Pennino collected. Items in this series include awards from different organizations such as Fox Mill Communities Preservation Association and Vienna Little League. Also in the collection is a telegram from President Jimmy Carter and a letter from John Glenn. The series is dated from 1960-2005.","Series five is oversize. It includes three boxes of memorabilia from Martha Pennino. Included are posters and awards given to Martha Pennino. The series is dated from 1960-1992.","This is the largest series in the collection and is organized in alphabetic order. In the series there is information on subsidizing housing, transportation, rezoning and other items relating to the work that Martha Pennino did while a member of the Board of Supervisors in Fairfax County.","244.3","244.2","244.1","252.4","252.5","252.6","252.7","252.8","253.3","253.2","253.1","250.3","248.1","254.4","254.3","254.2","245.1","244.4","244.7","244.8","244.6","244.5","250.1","250.2","246.5","249.7","246.4","253.4","249.4","249.6","249.5","248.5","248.7","248.6","248.2","245.6","245.5","250.8","250.9","251.9","250.7","250.4","250.5","250.6","255.4","255.1","255.2","255.3","247.1","247.2","247.3","247.5","247.4","247.8","247.7","247.6","251.6","251.7","251.8","252.1","252.2","252.3","251.1","249.3","249.2","249.1","248.8","248.4","248.2","248.3","251.5","251.3","251.4","251.2","253.7","253.5","253.6","245.2","245.3","245.4","243.3","243.1","243.2","254.1","243.7","243.6","243.5","243.4","246.6","254.5","254.6","This series is comprised of newsclippings over the course of Martha Pennino career. The newsclippings are in chronological order, organized by year. The newsclippings cover a variety of topics including campaigning and re-election.","256.9","256.7","256.6","256.1","256.2","256.3","256.4","256.5","256.8","257.1","257.2","257.3","257.4","257.5","257.6","257.7","257.8","258.1","258.2","258.3","258.4","258.5","258.6","258.7","258.8","259.1","259.2","259.3","259.4","259.5","259.6","259.7","259.8","260.1","260.2","260.3","260.4","260.5","261.1","261.2","261.3","261.4","261.5","261.6","262.1","262.2","262.3","262.4","262.5","262.6","262.7","263.1","263.2","263.3","263.4","263.5","263.6","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","264.6","264.7","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","This series is comprised of photographs that cover Martha Pennino entire career in Fairfax. Most of the photographs are of meetings, dedication ceremonies and receptions.","5.9","5.6","5.9","5.11","5.10","5.1","5.2","5.3","5.5","5.8","5.4","5.12","This series is comprised of memorabilia that Martha Pennino received during and after her career. Included in the collection are magazine articles and awards from different organizations in recognization for her work over the years.","3.2","3.1","3.3","3","3.4","3.5","3.6","5.4","2.1","2.2","2.3","2.4","6.4","6.14","6.18","6.3","6.13","6.10","6.8","6.12","6.5","6.11","6.1","6.6","6.17","6.2","6.9","6.16","6.7","6.15","This series includes 3 boxes. The oversized boxes are stored separate from the rest of the collection. The documents included are posters and awards that were given to Martha Pennino.","399","399","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","2","2","2","2","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","R 41, C3, S3- S7\n\n\nOS R 5, C 4, S 6\n\n\nOS R 7, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association","Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Martha Pennino papers, 1960/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0146","/repositories/2/resources/85"],"unitid_tesim":["C0146","/repositories/2/resources/85"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Reston (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004"],"creator_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association"],"creators_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Martha Pennino in September 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Housing","Local government -- Virginia","Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Housing","Local government -- Virginia","Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.5 Linear Feet 25 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["12.5 Linear Feet 25 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspapers","Photographs","Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into 5 series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Subject Files, 1971-1990 (Boxes 1-12)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Newsclippings, 1960-1989 (Boxes 12-18)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs, 1960-1985 (Box 19)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Memorabilia, 1960-2005 (Boxes 20-22)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Oversize, 1960-1992 (Boxes 23-25)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into 5 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Subject Files, 1971-1990 (Boxes 1-12)\n      Series 2: Newsclippings, 1960-1989 (Boxes 12-18)\n      Series 3: Photographs, 1960-1985 (Box 19)\n      Series 4: Memorabilia, 1960-2005 (Boxes 20-22)\n      Series 5: Oversize, 1960-1992 (Boxes 23-25)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Roanoke, Virginia, Martha Pennino (1918-2004) was called the Mother of Fairfax for her long service to the county. She was one of the longest-serving members of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, spending 24 years on the board. She was first elected in November 1967, representing what was then the Centreville District. She served as vice chairman for a total of 17 years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1985, Pennino won the Tom Bradley Regional Leadership Award. In giving her this honor, the National Association of Regional Councils cited her efforts in developing the first energy policy for a metropolitan area, the first area car pool program, and a fair share housing program. In 1986, Washingtonian magazine named her Washingtonian of the Year. Prior to joining the board, Pennino was elected to three terms on the Vienna Town Council, serving as vice mayor during one of those terms. Additionally, Pennino took a leadership role in developing the planned community of Reston, as well as embracing low-cost housing adjacent to her office. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Roanoke, Virginia, Martha Pennino (1918-2004) was called the Mother of Fairfax for her long service to the county. She was one of the longest-serving members of the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, spending 24 years on the board. She was first elected in November 1967, representing what was then the Centreville District. She served as vice chairman for a total of 17 years.","In 1985, Pennino won the Tom Bradley Regional Leadership Award. In giving her this honor, the National Association of Regional Councils cited her efforts in developing the first energy policy for a metropolitan area, the first area car pool program, and a fair share housing program. In 1986, Washingtonian magazine named her Washingtonian of the Year. Prior to joining the board, Pennino was elected to three terms on the Vienna Town Council, serving as vice mayor during one of those terms. Additionally, Pennino took a leadership role in developing the planned community of Reston, as well as embracing low-cost housing adjacent to her office."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMartha Pennino papers, C0146, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Martha Pennino papers, C0146, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Martha Pennino papers were originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection. These papers from the Planned Community Archives collection were then combined with the Martha Pennino memorabilia collection, a separate collection related to Martha Pennino. In 2009 the documents were removed and arranged into the Marth Pennino papers. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Martha Pennino papers were originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection. These papers from the Planned Community Archives collection were then combined with the Martha Pennino memorabilia collection, a separate collection related to Martha Pennino. In 2009 the documents were removed and arranged into the Marth Pennino papers. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. EAD markup completed in January 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections focused on Fairfax County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections focused on Fairfax County, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Martha Pennino papers documents Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries one is organized in alphabetical order. This collection is mostly paperwork relating to different projects, such as subsidizing, transportation, and the Reston Community Association. The series is dated from 1971-1990. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries two is comprised of newsclippings. They are organized chronologically by month and year. The newsclipping cover Martha Pennino career such as Pennino's campaigns, re-elections and community meetings. The series is dated from 1960-1989. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries three includes photographs that document Martha Pennino's career. The photographs show Martha Pennino campaigning, attending receptions and meeting with well know politicians including President Jimmy Carter and Senator Ted Kennedy. The series is dated from 1960-1985. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries four is memorabilia that Martha Pennino collected. Items in this series include awards from different organizations such as Fox Mill Communities Preservation Association and Vienna Little League. Also in the collection is a telegram from President Jimmy Carter and a letter from John Glenn. The series is dated from 1960-2005. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries five is oversize. It includes three boxes of memorabilia from Martha Pennino. Included are posters and awards given to Martha Pennino. The series is dated from 1960-1992. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis is the largest series in the collection and is organized in alphabetic order. In the series there is information on subsidizing housing, transportation, rezoning and other items relating to the work that Martha Pennino did while a member of the Board of Supervisors in Fairfax County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e244.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e246.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e246.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e250.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e255.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e247.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e252.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e249.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e248.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e251.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e253.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e245.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e243.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e246.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e254.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of newsclippings over the course of Martha Pennino career. The newsclippings are in chronological order, organized by year. The newsclippings cover a variety of topics including campaigning and re-election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e256.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e257.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e258.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e259.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e260.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e261.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e262.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e263.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e264.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of photographs that cover Martha Pennino entire career in Fairfax. Most of the photographs are of meetings, dedication ceremonies and receptions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of memorabilia that Martha Pennino received during and after her career. Included in the collection are magazine articles and awards from different organizations in recognization for her work over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.18\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6.15\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes 3 boxes. The oversized boxes are stored separate from the rest of the collection. The documents included are posters and awards that were given to Martha Pennino.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e399\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e399\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Martha Pennino papers documents Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.","Series one is organized in alphabetical order. This collection is mostly paperwork relating to different projects, such as subsidizing, transportation, and the Reston Community Association. The series is dated from 1971-1990.","Series two is comprised of newsclippings. They are organized chronologically by month and year. The newsclipping cover Martha Pennino career such as Pennino's campaigns, re-elections and community meetings. The series is dated from 1960-1989.","Series three includes photographs that document Martha Pennino's career. The photographs show Martha Pennino campaigning, attending receptions and meeting with well know politicians including President Jimmy Carter and Senator Ted Kennedy. The series is dated from 1960-1985.","Series four is memorabilia that Martha Pennino collected. Items in this series include awards from different organizations such as Fox Mill Communities Preservation Association and Vienna Little League. Also in the collection is a telegram from President Jimmy Carter and a letter from John Glenn. The series is dated from 1960-2005.","Series five is oversize. It includes three boxes of memorabilia from Martha Pennino. Included are posters and awards given to Martha Pennino. The series is dated from 1960-1992.","This is the largest series in the collection and is organized in alphabetic order. In the series there is information on subsidizing housing, transportation, rezoning and other items relating to the work that Martha Pennino did while a member of the Board of Supervisors in Fairfax County.","244.3","244.2","244.1","252.4","252.5","252.6","252.7","252.8","253.3","253.2","253.1","250.3","248.1","254.4","254.3","254.2","245.1","244.4","244.7","244.8","244.6","244.5","250.1","250.2","246.5","249.7","246.4","253.4","249.4","249.6","249.5","248.5","248.7","248.6","248.2","245.6","245.5","250.8","250.9","251.9","250.7","250.4","250.5","250.6","255.4","255.1","255.2","255.3","247.1","247.2","247.3","247.5","247.4","247.8","247.7","247.6","251.6","251.7","251.8","252.1","252.2","252.3","251.1","249.3","249.2","249.1","248.8","248.4","248.2","248.3","251.5","251.3","251.4","251.2","253.7","253.5","253.6","245.2","245.3","245.4","243.3","243.1","243.2","254.1","243.7","243.6","243.5","243.4","246.6","254.5","254.6","This series is comprised of newsclippings over the course of Martha Pennino career. The newsclippings are in chronological order, organized by year. The newsclippings cover a variety of topics including campaigning and re-election.","256.9","256.7","256.6","256.1","256.2","256.3","256.4","256.5","256.8","257.1","257.2","257.3","257.4","257.5","257.6","257.7","257.8","258.1","258.2","258.3","258.4","258.5","258.6","258.7","258.8","259.1","259.2","259.3","259.4","259.5","259.6","259.7","259.8","260.1","260.2","260.3","260.4","260.5","261.1","261.2","261.3","261.4","261.5","261.6","262.1","262.2","262.3","262.4","262.5","262.6","262.7","263.1","263.2","263.3","263.4","263.5","263.6","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","264.6","264.7","264.1","264.2","264.3","264.4","264.5","This series is comprised of photographs that cover Martha Pennino entire career in Fairfax. Most of the photographs are of meetings, dedication ceremonies and receptions.","5.9","5.6","5.9","5.11","5.10","5.1","5.2","5.3","5.5","5.8","5.4","5.12","This series is comprised of memorabilia that Martha Pennino received during and after her career. Included in the collection are magazine articles and awards from different organizations in recognization for her work over the years.","3.2","3.1","3.3","3","3.4","3.5","3.6","5.4","2.1","2.2","2.3","2.4","6.4","6.14","6.18","6.3","6.13","6.10","6.8","6.12","6.5","6.11","6.1","6.6","6.17","6.2","6.9","6.16","6.7","6.15","This series includes 3 boxes. The oversized boxes are stored separate from the rest of the collection. The documents included are posters and awards that were given to Martha Pennino.","399","399","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","1","2","2","2","2","2","2"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_01ec895765007ea1094a8315da40f63a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Martha Pennino papers document Martha Pennino's career on Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Within the collection there are photographs, information from different projects that Pennino worked on during her career, and memorabilia that she collected during and after her career. The collection is dated from the early 1960s to 2005."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_944b8e0ae031aa8efa1aa2a572761b1f\"\u003e\nR 41, C3, S3- S7\n\n\nOS R 5, C 4, S 6\n\n\nOS R 7, C 1, S 6\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 41, C3, S3- S7\n\n\nOS R 5, C 4, S 6\n\n\nOS R 7, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016","Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004"],"persname_ssim":["Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Fairfax County (Va.). Board of Supervisors","Reston Community Association","Pennino, Martha, 1918-2004","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Glenn, John, 1921-2016"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":231,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:51.434Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_85"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Spencer, Lynn","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_663.xml","title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection"],"title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"text":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992","C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663","United States -- Politics and government","Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single box collection.","King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.","Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.","Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.","Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections.","- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.","R 72, C 4, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Spencer, Lynn","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663"],"unitid_tesim":["C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Lynn Spencer in November 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"genreform_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single box collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single box collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"American Political Items Collectors collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0023\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0031\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Harvard University\" href=\"https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/library-knowledge-services/collections/political-buttons%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Stony Brook University\" href=\"https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/libspecial/collections/manuscripts/politicalbuttons.php%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Vanderbilt University\" href=\"https://collections.library.vanderbilt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1549%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of South Carolina\" href=\"https://digital.library.sc.edu/collections/political-campaign-button-collection/%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Yale University\" href=\"https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/11519\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e all hold political buttons collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)\n\u003c/p\u003e\nOther buttons include \"Pat for First Lady,\" GOP and Republican Party-themed buttons, and buttons promoting Democratic Missouri Senator Jim Symington. A few of the buttons are in foreign languages, included Hebrew and Greek. The included scarf was created for Eugene McCarthy's 1968 presidential campaign.  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f4d8613092f293b5c02c9ce2ac46c355\"\u003e114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_35d52388820fce87ade85b0b4df71aab\"\u003eR 72, C 4, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 4, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"names_coll_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Spencer, Lynn"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:37.302Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_663","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_663.xml","title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection"],"title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1956 - 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"text":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992","C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663","United States -- Politics and government","Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single box collection.","King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.","Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.","Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.","Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections.","- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.","R 72, C 4, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Spencer, Lynn","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Political campaigns button collection, 1956/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663"],"unitid_tesim":["C0338","/repositories/2/resources/663"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Spencer, Lynn","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Lynn Spencer in November 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political campaigns -- United States","Presidents -- Election","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 114 buttons, one scarf; 115 items total"],"genreform_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single box collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single box collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["King, Elizabeth. \"The Long Story Behind Presidential Campaign Buttons and Pins[.]\" Time Magazine, May 17, 2016. https://time.com/4336931/campaign-buttons-history/.","Moenster, Kathleen. \"Political Campaign Buttons[.]\" National Park Service, Febraury 8, 2019. https://www.nps.gov/jeff/blogs/political-campaign-buttons.htm#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20campaign%20buttons,tintype%20or%20ferrotype%20photo%20process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Political buttons have been used in the United States since Abraham Lincoln's presidential campaign in 1860. The mass produced election campaign buttons we know today were first created in 1896 for the presidential race between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan. That very year a patent for a pin-back/celluloid front button design allowed for the mass production. Political buttons, whether to support a political candidate, cause, or party, are still used today."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Most of the buttons were designed with the needle protruding off to the side. Care needed when handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePolitical campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Political campaigns button collection, C0338, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"American Political Items Collectors collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0023\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0031\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Harvard University\" href=\"https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/library-knowledge-services/collections/political-buttons%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Stony Brook University\" href=\"https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/libspecial/collections/manuscripts/politicalbuttons.php%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Vanderbilt University\" href=\"https://collections.library.vanderbilt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1549%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"University of South Carolina\" href=\"https://digital.library.sc.edu/collections/political-campaign-button-collection/%20\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Yale University\" href=\"https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/11519\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e all hold political buttons collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that contain political buttons, including the  and the .",", , , , and  all hold political buttons collections."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)\n\u003c/p\u003e\nOther buttons include \"Pat for First Lady,\" GOP and Republican Party-themed buttons, and buttons promoting Democratic Missouri Senator Jim Symington. A few of the buttons are in foreign languages, included Hebrew and Greek. The included scarf was created for Eugene McCarthy's 1968 presidential campaign.  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["- Stevenson-Kefauver presidential campaign (1956)","- Kennedy-Johnson presidential campaign (1960)","- Nixon-Lodge presidential campaign (1960)","- Goldwater-Miller presidential campaign (1964)","- McGovern-Shriver presidential campaign (1972)","- Clinton-Gore presidential campaign (1992)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f4d8613092f293b5c02c9ce2ac46c355\"\u003e114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["114 buttons and one scarf made to advertise American political campaigns, created from circa 1956 - 1992."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_35d52388820fce87ade85b0b4df71aab\"\u003eR 72, C 4, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 4, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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