{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Maps\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%2C+Northern+--+History\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Maps\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%2C+Northern+--+History\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. 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Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_460.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"text":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","There are no access restrictions.","A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)","Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)","Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.","Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications.","For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460"],"unitid_tesim":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton from 2004 to 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~15~15\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/5111\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbce34e7d3c1b76f0548428cd9e54373\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_565b698cd913a18e3d78aafff8fb538f\"\u003eR54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":224,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_460.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"text":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","There are no access restrictions.","A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)","Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)","Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. 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Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. 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This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). 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