{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=3","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=2","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=4","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=5"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":50,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter to Mary Gunn, 1851","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","parent_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615"],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter to Mary Gunn","title_ssm":["Letter to Mary Gunn"],"title_tesim":["Letter to Mary Gunn"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter to Mary Gunn, 1851"],"text":["Letter to Mary Gunn, 1851","Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","Slavery","Lexington (Va.)—History","Correspondence","English","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1851 January 6"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":4,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery","Lexington (Va.)—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery","Lexington (Va.)—History","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1851],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_615.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00030.xml","title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers"],"title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"text":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.","Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)","This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Giles Gunn papers were donated to the Virginia\n            Military Institute in 1933 by Mary Maigret, Gunn's\n            niece."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 items"],"extent_tesim":["5 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, VA\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 8th, 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestwood, Lexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Molly,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhere is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\u003cbr\u003e\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b69e904f0eac0cc1658da5c7475032f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c04"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter to Mary Gunn and Susan Gunn, 1850","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","parent_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615"],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter to Mary Gunn and Susan Gunn","title_ssm":["Letter to Mary Gunn and Susan Gunn"],"title_tesim":["Letter to Mary Gunn and Susan Gunn"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter to Mary Gunn and Susan Gunn, 1850"],"text":["Letter to Mary Gunn and Susan Gunn, 1850","Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","Lexington (Va.)—History","Correspondence","English","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1850 March 15"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1850],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_615.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00030.xml","title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers"],"title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"text":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.","Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)","This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Giles Gunn papers were donated to the Virginia\n            Military Institute in 1933 by Mary Maigret, Gunn's\n            niece."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 items"],"extent_tesim":["5 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, VA\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 8th, 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestwood, Lexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Molly,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhere is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\u003cbr\u003e\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b69e904f0eac0cc1658da5c7475032f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615_c03"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter to Walter H. Taylor, 1854","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","parent_ssim":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239"],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter to Walter H. Taylor","title_ssm":["Letter to Walter H. Taylor"],"title_tesim":["Letter to Walter H. Taylor"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter to Walter H. Taylor, 1854"],"text":["Letter to Walter H. Taylor, 1854","Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Lexington (Va.)—History","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1854","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Washington and Lee University—Students","Correspondence","English.","January 15, 1854","Dearest Father:\nThis was to be a letter of congratulations at my stand first on everything but tis a sad time here now. The body of one of our classmates lies bloody in a room below. He was murdered last night. The greatest excitement prevails and it is only by mildness and the prayers of the minister of the gospel last night that the lynch law was not executed. In order to give something for my feelings to dwell upon and quiet them I will write you a detailed account of the whole of this sad affair. At a party which I attended uptown a law student by the name of Christian, having been introduced to Miss Anderson, engaged her company for church. Her cousin in the Corps, our classmate Blackburn, having heard of it and not liking the character of the gentleman told her to write and decline his invitation. This was some weeks ago. This fellow Christian who has the name of a numskull, wrote her a very amusing note having Latin, French \u0026 etc. quotations in it, only part of which was at all serious where he desired to know who was the calumniator. This was shown to Blackburn in fun, nothing being thought of it.","Our dear classmate who never knew fear went up and told him he was the man answerable for everything. C. told him that I have heard the expression that \"he acted nobly in seeing after his cousin.\" He was very much frightened and seemed glad to get out of the scrape. Everybody thought all parties were satisfied. This was Saturday. This was all of the difficulty previous to last night. A classmate and myself went up last night for Miss May Kerr and Miss Julia Lewis to go to church. Miss J was not there. He walked down with Miss M and I alongside of them. As we got opposite to the Doctor's door we saw a man run up and tell him there was something the matter at Mr. White's down the street. We thinking that a child or somebody was sick paid no attention to it. When we were opposite the church, seeing a light and some 1 or 3 of our fellows on the fence, I ran across to see what was the matter, Miss M telling me to immediately return and tell her. One of the cadets saw me and jumped down and told me B. was stabbed. I knowing of the difficulty between B \u0026 C and thinking the students \u0026 cadets were going to fight and not dreaming that B was anything more than scratched and was still fighting over the fence or in fact scarcely knowing what I thought, ran back and told Lightfoot that some of our boys were in difficulty \u0026 to carry Miss M in Church and hurry out, she begging us to keep cool and not fight. I immediately ran across and jumped up on the fence and Oh God, can never forget what a sight. There was a classmate whom but a few hours before I was laughing and joking with in his dying struggle. I was perfectly paralyzed. He was stabbed in three places on his head and once under his ear, the latter cutting his jugular vein and killing him almost instantly. What my first feelings were I can scarcely describe. I felt as if I could see the author of that deed burned to a crisp. As soon as he had breathed his last I jumped from the fence. There were but five of us there at the time. On first promptings we with one accord cried for vengeance and were about to collect our Corps who now came pouring up and take the author of this dreadful, dreadful deed from the jail where they had lodged him. But thank God better feelings soon came and we who were first so excited endeavored to calm those who now came up panting and crying death to the cowardly villain. By and by those cadets were quieted by the exertions of many of the citizens of the peace and professors and when his remains were carried down they were persuaded to follow him a mournful, mournful crowd. I know we were wrong dearest Father to entertain ideas of vengeance against a man who must have suffered unutterable torments the whole of last night, but think of seeing his cold a bloody form, his proud spirit send to its last accounts by one who was not worthy to enter his noble mind and then you can look upon us with leniency. At first I was the only 1st classman there and Christian's knife and stick were brought to me by a Cadet who found them behind the church where the fight took place. I could scarcely hold the knife in my hand. It was a long wooden handle butcher knife and clodded with his blood and flesh. I immediately looked out a magistrate and put them in his hand. There was great dread lest the law student should get them and hide them. The lower part of barracks is now crowded with citizens. The inquest is being held over the body. Our class sat up with it last night. Immediately after we came down Col. Smith made a very touching address recommending us in the strongest terms to pursue an orderly course and let the law have its way. There is no doubt that the murderer will be hanged. He carried B down from the church telling him that he wished to see him. This was the last that was seen of them until C had finished his blows and ran away. B was totally unarmed. He went to the church with Miss Julia Junkins. Poor Miss Anderson is dreadfully distressed, he was her cousin. She heard of it in church and came out when she heard he was really dead. It was awful to see her. I hope I may never see such excitement again. In a little while the street was blocked to you could hardly walk. We will bury poor Blackburn tomorrow. All feelings of revenge have died away in everybody's heart and there will be no disturbance.","When we returned to Barracks some of his room mates expressed a desire the bell should be tolled. Bruce a fellow classman and myself went up and tolled it for half an hour. It sounded very solemn on the still midnight air and as I thought that the young man whose spirit had just winged its flight to its creator and whose sad requiem we were then performing, but a few hours before was sitting next to me in church and afterwards was in our room talking and joking and the last words I think he uttered to me he was endeavoring to plague me because a young lady whom he said I was in love with up town had sent some message or something to him. I could but say to myself how true is the text \"in the midst of life we are in death.\" Poor fellow he was one of my best friends and our society has suffered a sad, sad loss. It was a sad warning to us all and one I hope that will have great effect. Nothing at all is known about the fight. Something more will be brought to light after awhile I expect. Excuse dearest father this doleful letter but it was a relief to tell you all about it. I commenced to writing to you on Friday but thought I would let the report get home first and give you the good news of my stand. Succeeded at last, first in all my studies. Tis true I had to study like five hundred and when we came out for the last time I could hardly talk, went to bed and slept and slept. Goodbye dearest father, love to dear ma and all sisters \u0026 brothers. Your own dear son.\nExcuse bad spelling writing in haste,\nYr Dick","The letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1854"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1854 January 15"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"persname_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1854","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Washington and Lee University—Students","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1854","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Washington and Lee University—Students","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1854],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["January 15, 1854","Dearest Father:\nThis was to be a letter of congratulations at my stand first on everything but tis a sad time here now. The body of one of our classmates lies bloody in a room below. He was murdered last night. The greatest excitement prevails and it is only by mildness and the prayers of the minister of the gospel last night that the lynch law was not executed. In order to give something for my feelings to dwell upon and quiet them I will write you a detailed account of the whole of this sad affair. At a party which I attended uptown a law student by the name of Christian, having been introduced to Miss Anderson, engaged her company for church. Her cousin in the Corps, our classmate Blackburn, having heard of it and not liking the character of the gentleman told her to write and decline his invitation. This was some weeks ago. This fellow Christian who has the name of a numskull, wrote her a very amusing note having Latin, French \u0026 etc. quotations in it, only part of which was at all serious where he desired to know who was the calumniator. This was shown to Blackburn in fun, nothing being thought of it.","Our dear classmate who never knew fear went up and told him he was the man answerable for everything. C. told him that I have heard the expression that \"he acted nobly in seeing after his cousin.\" He was very much frightened and seemed glad to get out of the scrape. Everybody thought all parties were satisfied. This was Saturday. This was all of the difficulty previous to last night. A classmate and myself went up last night for Miss May Kerr and Miss Julia Lewis to go to church. Miss J was not there. He walked down with Miss M and I alongside of them. As we got opposite to the Doctor's door we saw a man run up and tell him there was something the matter at Mr. White's down the street. We thinking that a child or somebody was sick paid no attention to it. When we were opposite the church, seeing a light and some 1 or 3 of our fellows on the fence, I ran across to see what was the matter, Miss M telling me to immediately return and tell her. One of the cadets saw me and jumped down and told me B. was stabbed. I knowing of the difficulty between B \u0026 C and thinking the students \u0026 cadets were going to fight and not dreaming that B was anything more than scratched and was still fighting over the fence or in fact scarcely knowing what I thought, ran back and told Lightfoot that some of our boys were in difficulty \u0026 to carry Miss M in Church and hurry out, she begging us to keep cool and not fight. I immediately ran across and jumped up on the fence and Oh God, can never forget what a sight. There was a classmate whom but a few hours before I was laughing and joking with in his dying struggle. I was perfectly paralyzed. He was stabbed in three places on his head and once under his ear, the latter cutting his jugular vein and killing him almost instantly. What my first feelings were I can scarcely describe. I felt as if I could see the author of that deed burned to a crisp. As soon as he had breathed his last I jumped from the fence. There were but five of us there at the time. On first promptings we with one accord cried for vengeance and were about to collect our Corps who now came pouring up and take the author of this dreadful, dreadful deed from the jail where they had lodged him. But thank God better feelings soon came and we who were first so excited endeavored to calm those who now came up panting and crying death to the cowardly villain. By and by those cadets were quieted by the exertions of many of the citizens of the peace and professors and when his remains were carried down they were persuaded to follow him a mournful, mournful crowd. I know we were wrong dearest Father to entertain ideas of vengeance against a man who must have suffered unutterable torments the whole of last night, but think of seeing his cold a bloody form, his proud spirit send to its last accounts by one who was not worthy to enter his noble mind and then you can look upon us with leniency. At first I was the only 1st classman there and Christian's knife and stick were brought to me by a Cadet who found them behind the church where the fight took place. I could scarcely hold the knife in my hand. It was a long wooden handle butcher knife and clodded with his blood and flesh. I immediately looked out a magistrate and put them in his hand. There was great dread lest the law student should get them and hide them. The lower part of barracks is now crowded with citizens. The inquest is being held over the body. Our class sat up with it last night. Immediately after we came down Col. Smith made a very touching address recommending us in the strongest terms to pursue an orderly course and let the law have its way. There is no doubt that the murderer will be hanged. He carried B down from the church telling him that he wished to see him. This was the last that was seen of them until C had finished his blows and ran away. B was totally unarmed. He went to the church with Miss Julia Junkins. Poor Miss Anderson is dreadfully distressed, he was her cousin. She heard of it in church and came out when she heard he was really dead. It was awful to see her. I hope I may never see such excitement again. In a little while the street was blocked to you could hardly walk. We will bury poor Blackburn tomorrow. All feelings of revenge have died away in everybody's heart and there will be no disturbance.","When we returned to Barracks some of his room mates expressed a desire the bell should be tolled. Bruce a fellow classman and myself went up and tolled it for half an hour. It sounded very solemn on the still midnight air and as I thought that the young man whose spirit had just winged its flight to its creator and whose sad requiem we were then performing, but a few hours before was sitting next to me in church and afterwards was in our room talking and joking and the last words I think he uttered to me he was endeavoring to plague me because a young lady whom he said I was in love with up town had sent some message or something to him. I could but say to myself how true is the text \"in the midst of life we are in death.\" Poor fellow he was one of my best friends and our society has suffered a sad, sad loss. It was a sad warning to us all and one I hope that will have great effect. Nothing at all is known about the fight. Something more will be brought to light after awhile I expect. Excuse dearest father this doleful letter but it was a relief to tell you all about it. I commenced to writing to you on Friday but thought I would let the report get home first and give you the good news of my stand. Succeeded at last, first in all my studies. Tis true I had to study like five hundred and when we came out for the last time I could hardly talk, went to bed and slept and slept. Goodbye dearest father, love to dear ma and all sisters \u0026 brothers. Your own dear son.\nExcuse bad spelling writing in haste,\nYr Dick"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJanuary 15, 1854\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDearest Father:\u003cbr\u003e\nThis was to be a letter of congratulations at my stand first on everything but tis a sad time here now. The body of one of our classmates lies bloody in a room below. He was murdered last night. The greatest excitement prevails and it is only by mildness and the prayers of the minister of the gospel last night that the lynch law was not executed. In order to give something for my feelings to dwell upon and quiet them I will write you a detailed account of the whole of this sad affair. At a party which I attended uptown a law student by the name of Christian, having been introduced to Miss Anderson, engaged her company for church. Her cousin in the Corps, our classmate Blackburn, having heard of it and not liking the character of the gentleman told her to write and decline his invitation. This was some weeks ago. This fellow Christian who has the name of a numskull, wrote her a very amusing note having Latin, French \u0026amp; etc. quotations in it, only part of which was at all serious where he desired to know who was the calumniator. This was shown to Blackburn in fun, nothing being thought of it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOur dear classmate who never knew fear went up and told him he was the man answerable for everything. C. told him that I have heard the expression that \"he acted nobly in seeing after his cousin.\" He was very much frightened and seemed glad to get out of the scrape. Everybody thought all parties were satisfied. This was Saturday. This was all of the difficulty previous to last night. A classmate and myself went up last night for Miss May Kerr and Miss Julia Lewis to go to church. Miss J was not there. He walked down with Miss M and I alongside of them. As we got opposite to the Doctor's door we saw a man run up and tell him there was something the matter at Mr. White's down the street. We thinking that a child or somebody was sick paid no attention to it. When we were opposite the church, seeing a light and some 1 or 3 of our fellows on the fence, I ran across to see what was the matter, Miss M telling me to immediately return and tell her. One of the cadets saw me and jumped down and told me B. was stabbed. I knowing of the difficulty between B \u0026amp; C and thinking the students \u0026amp; cadets were going to fight and not dreaming that B was anything more than scratched and was still fighting over the fence or in fact scarcely knowing what I thought, ran back and told Lightfoot that some of our boys were in difficulty \u0026amp; to carry Miss M in Church and hurry out, she begging us to keep cool and not fight. I immediately ran across and jumped up on the fence and Oh God, can never forget what a sight. There was a classmate whom but a few hours before I was laughing and joking with in his dying struggle. I was perfectly paralyzed. He was stabbed in three places on his head and once under his ear, the latter cutting his jugular vein and killing him almost instantly. What my first feelings were I can scarcely describe. I felt as if I could see the author of that deed burned to a crisp. As soon as he had breathed his last I jumped from the fence. There were but five of us there at the time. On first promptings we with one accord cried for vengeance and were about to collect our Corps who now came pouring up and take the author of this dreadful, dreadful deed from the jail where they had lodged him. But thank God better feelings soon came and we who were first so excited endeavored to calm those who now came up panting and crying death to the cowardly villain. By and by those cadets were quieted by the exertions of many of the citizens of the peace and professors and when his remains were carried down they were persuaded to follow him a mournful, mournful crowd. I know we were wrong dearest Father to entertain ideas of vengeance against a man who must have suffered unutterable torments the whole of last night, but think of seeing his cold a bloody form, his proud spirit send to its last accounts by one who was not worthy to enter his noble mind and then you can look upon us with leniency. At first I was the only 1st classman there and Christian's knife and stick were brought to me by a Cadet who found them behind the church where the fight took place. I could scarcely hold the knife in my hand. It was a long wooden handle butcher knife and clodded with his blood and flesh. I immediately looked out a magistrate and put them in his hand. There was great dread lest the law student should get them and hide them. The lower part of barracks is now crowded with citizens. The inquest is being held over the body. Our class sat up with it last night. Immediately after we came down Col. Smith made a very touching address recommending us in the strongest terms to pursue an orderly course and let the law have its way. There is no doubt that the murderer will be hanged. He carried B down from the church telling him that he wished to see him. This was the last that was seen of them until C had finished his blows and ran away. B was totally unarmed. He went to the church with Miss Julia Junkins. Poor Miss Anderson is dreadfully distressed, he was her cousin. She heard of it in church and came out when she heard he was really dead. It was awful to see her. I hope I may never see such excitement again. In a little while the street was blocked to you could hardly walk. We will bury poor Blackburn tomorrow. All feelings of revenge have died away in everybody's heart and there will be no disturbance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen we returned to Barracks some of his room mates expressed a desire the bell should be tolled. Bruce a fellow classman and myself went up and tolled it for half an hour. It sounded very solemn on the still midnight air and as I thought that the young man whose spirit had just winged its flight to its creator and whose sad requiem we were then performing, but a few hours before was sitting next to me in church and afterwards was in our room talking and joking and the last words I think he uttered to me he was endeavoring to plague me because a young lady whom he said I was in love with up town had sent some message or something to him. I could but say to myself how true is the text \"in the midst of life we are in death.\" Poor fellow he was one of my best friends and our society has suffered a sad, sad loss. It was a sad warning to us all and one I hope that will have great effect. Nothing at all is known about the fight. Something more will be brought to light after awhile I expect. Excuse dearest father this doleful letter but it was a relief to tell you all about it. I commenced to writing to you on Friday but thought I would let the report get home first and give you the good news of my stand. Succeeded at last, first in all my studies. Tis true I had to study like five hundred and when we came out for the last time I could hardly talk, went to bed and slept and slept. Goodbye dearest father, love to dear ma and all sisters \u0026amp; brothers. Your own dear son.\u003cbr\u003e\nExcuse bad spelling writing in haste,\u003cbr\u003e\nYr Dick\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_239.xml","title_ssm":["Richard C. Taylor letter"],"title_tesim":["Richard C. Taylor letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854 January 15"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1854 January 15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"text":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854","MS.0159","/repositories/3/resources/239","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Washington and Lee University—Students","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1854","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Richard Cornelius Taylor was born in 1835 in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1854. During the Civil War he was a Major, artillery, with the Confederate States of America. After the War he was a railroad official and teacher. Taylor died in 1917 in Norfolk.","January 15, 1854","Dearest Father:\nThis was to be a letter of congratulations at my stand first on everything but tis a sad time here now. The body of one of our classmates lies bloody in a room below. He was murdered last night. The greatest excitement prevails and it is only by mildness and the prayers of the minister of the gospel last night that the lynch law was not executed. In order to give something for my feelings to dwell upon and quiet them I will write you a detailed account of the whole of this sad affair. At a party which I attended uptown a law student by the name of Christian, having been introduced to Miss Anderson, engaged her company for church. Her cousin in the Corps, our classmate Blackburn, having heard of it and not liking the character of the gentleman told her to write and decline his invitation. This was some weeks ago. This fellow Christian who has the name of a numskull, wrote her a very amusing note having Latin, French \u0026 etc. quotations in it, only part of which was at all serious where he desired to know who was the calumniator. This was shown to Blackburn in fun, nothing being thought of it.","Our dear classmate who never knew fear went up and told him he was the man answerable for everything. C. told him that I have heard the expression that \"he acted nobly in seeing after his cousin.\" He was very much frightened and seemed glad to get out of the scrape. Everybody thought all parties were satisfied. This was Saturday. This was all of the difficulty previous to last night. A classmate and myself went up last night for Miss May Kerr and Miss Julia Lewis to go to church. Miss J was not there. He walked down with Miss M and I alongside of them. As we got opposite to the Doctor's door we saw a man run up and tell him there was something the matter at Mr. White's down the street. We thinking that a child or somebody was sick paid no attention to it. When we were opposite the church, seeing a light and some 1 or 3 of our fellows on the fence, I ran across to see what was the matter, Miss M telling me to immediately return and tell her. One of the cadets saw me and jumped down and told me B. was stabbed. I knowing of the difficulty between B \u0026 C and thinking the students \u0026 cadets were going to fight and not dreaming that B was anything more than scratched and was still fighting over the fence or in fact scarcely knowing what I thought, ran back and told Lightfoot that some of our boys were in difficulty \u0026 to carry Miss M in Church and hurry out, she begging us to keep cool and not fight. I immediately ran across and jumped up on the fence and Oh God, can never forget what a sight. There was a classmate whom but a few hours before I was laughing and joking with in his dying struggle. I was perfectly paralyzed. He was stabbed in three places on his head and once under his ear, the latter cutting his jugular vein and killing him almost instantly. What my first feelings were I can scarcely describe. I felt as if I could see the author of that deed burned to a crisp. As soon as he had breathed his last I jumped from the fence. There were but five of us there at the time. On first promptings we with one accord cried for vengeance and were about to collect our Corps who now came pouring up and take the author of this dreadful, dreadful deed from the jail where they had lodged him. But thank God better feelings soon came and we who were first so excited endeavored to calm those who now came up panting and crying death to the cowardly villain. By and by those cadets were quieted by the exertions of many of the citizens of the peace and professors and when his remains were carried down they were persuaded to follow him a mournful, mournful crowd. I know we were wrong dearest Father to entertain ideas of vengeance against a man who must have suffered unutterable torments the whole of last night, but think of seeing his cold a bloody form, his proud spirit send to its last accounts by one who was not worthy to enter his noble mind and then you can look upon us with leniency. At first I was the only 1st classman there and Christian's knife and stick were brought to me by a Cadet who found them behind the church where the fight took place. I could scarcely hold the knife in my hand. It was a long wooden handle butcher knife and clodded with his blood and flesh. I immediately looked out a magistrate and put them in his hand. There was great dread lest the law student should get them and hide them. The lower part of barracks is now crowded with citizens. The inquest is being held over the body. Our class sat up with it last night. Immediately after we came down Col. Smith made a very touching address recommending us in the strongest terms to pursue an orderly course and let the law have its way. There is no doubt that the murderer will be hanged. He carried B down from the church telling him that he wished to see him. This was the last that was seen of them until C had finished his blows and ran away. B was totally unarmed. He went to the church with Miss Julia Junkins. Poor Miss Anderson is dreadfully distressed, he was her cousin. She heard of it in church and came out when she heard he was really dead. It was awful to see her. I hope I may never see such excitement again. In a little while the street was blocked to you could hardly walk. We will bury poor Blackburn tomorrow. All feelings of revenge have died away in everybody's heart and there will be no disturbance.","When we returned to Barracks some of his room mates expressed a desire the bell should be tolled. Bruce a fellow classman and myself went up and tolled it for half an hour. It sounded very solemn on the still midnight air and as I thought that the young man whose spirit had just winged its flight to its creator and whose sad requiem we were then performing, but a few hours before was sitting next to me in church and afterwards was in our room talking and joking and the last words I think he uttered to me he was endeavoring to plague me because a young lady whom he said I was in love with up town had sent some message or something to him. I could but say to myself how true is the text \"in the midst of life we are in death.\" Poor fellow he was one of my best friends and our society has suffered a sad, sad loss. It was a sad warning to us all and one I hope that will have great effect. Nothing at all is known about the fight. Something more will be brought to light after awhile I expect. Excuse dearest father this doleful letter but it was a relief to tell you all about it. I commenced to writing to you on Friday but thought I would let the report get home first and give you the good news of my stand. Succeeded at last, first in all my studies. Tis true I had to study like five hundred and when we came out for the last time I could hardly talk, went to bed and slept and slept. Goodbye dearest father, love to dear ma and all sisters \u0026 brothers. Your own dear son.\nExcuse bad spelling writing in haste,\nYr Dick","The book titled \"Murder in Lexington: VMI, Honor and Justice in Antebellum Virginia\" (The History Press) by Daniel Morrow is an account of Thomas Blackburn's murder and subsequent events.","This collection consists of one letter (dated January 15, 1854) from Richard C. Taylor to his father, Walter H. Taylor. Taylor describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of his classmate Cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.","The letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"collection_ssim":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0159","/repositories/3/resources/239"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0159","/repositories/3/resources/239"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917"],"creator_ssim":["Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Washington and Lee University—Students","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1854","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Washington and Lee University—Students","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1854","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Cornelius Taylor was born in 1835 in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1854. During the Civil War he was a Major, artillery, with the Confederate States of America. After the War he was a railroad official and teacher. Taylor died in 1917 in Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Cornelius Taylor was born in 1835 in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1854. During the Civil War he was a Major, artillery, with the Confederate States of America. After the War he was a railroad official and teacher. Taylor died in 1917 in Norfolk."],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["January 15, 1854","Dearest Father:\nThis was to be a letter of congratulations at my stand first on everything but tis a sad time here now. The body of one of our classmates lies bloody in a room below. He was murdered last night. The greatest excitement prevails and it is only by mildness and the prayers of the minister of the gospel last night that the lynch law was not executed. In order to give something for my feelings to dwell upon and quiet them I will write you a detailed account of the whole of this sad affair. At a party which I attended uptown a law student by the name of Christian, having been introduced to Miss Anderson, engaged her company for church. Her cousin in the Corps, our classmate Blackburn, having heard of it and not liking the character of the gentleman told her to write and decline his invitation. This was some weeks ago. This fellow Christian who has the name of a numskull, wrote her a very amusing note having Latin, French \u0026 etc. quotations in it, only part of which was at all serious where he desired to know who was the calumniator. This was shown to Blackburn in fun, nothing being thought of it.","Our dear classmate who never knew fear went up and told him he was the man answerable for everything. C. told him that I have heard the expression that \"he acted nobly in seeing after his cousin.\" He was very much frightened and seemed glad to get out of the scrape. Everybody thought all parties were satisfied. This was Saturday. This was all of the difficulty previous to last night. A classmate and myself went up last night for Miss May Kerr and Miss Julia Lewis to go to church. Miss J was not there. He walked down with Miss M and I alongside of them. As we got opposite to the Doctor's door we saw a man run up and tell him there was something the matter at Mr. White's down the street. We thinking that a child or somebody was sick paid no attention to it. When we were opposite the church, seeing a light and some 1 or 3 of our fellows on the fence, I ran across to see what was the matter, Miss M telling me to immediately return and tell her. One of the cadets saw me and jumped down and told me B. was stabbed. I knowing of the difficulty between B \u0026 C and thinking the students \u0026 cadets were going to fight and not dreaming that B was anything more than scratched and was still fighting over the fence or in fact scarcely knowing what I thought, ran back and told Lightfoot that some of our boys were in difficulty \u0026 to carry Miss M in Church and hurry out, she begging us to keep cool and not fight. I immediately ran across and jumped up on the fence and Oh God, can never forget what a sight. There was a classmate whom but a few hours before I was laughing and joking with in his dying struggle. I was perfectly paralyzed. He was stabbed in three places on his head and once under his ear, the latter cutting his jugular vein and killing him almost instantly. What my first feelings were I can scarcely describe. I felt as if I could see the author of that deed burned to a crisp. As soon as he had breathed his last I jumped from the fence. There were but five of us there at the time. On first promptings we with one accord cried for vengeance and were about to collect our Corps who now came pouring up and take the author of this dreadful, dreadful deed from the jail where they had lodged him. But thank God better feelings soon came and we who were first so excited endeavored to calm those who now came up panting and crying death to the cowardly villain. By and by those cadets were quieted by the exertions of many of the citizens of the peace and professors and when his remains were carried down they were persuaded to follow him a mournful, mournful crowd. I know we were wrong dearest Father to entertain ideas of vengeance against a man who must have suffered unutterable torments the whole of last night, but think of seeing his cold a bloody form, his proud spirit send to its last accounts by one who was not worthy to enter his noble mind and then you can look upon us with leniency. At first I was the only 1st classman there and Christian's knife and stick were brought to me by a Cadet who found them behind the church where the fight took place. I could scarcely hold the knife in my hand. It was a long wooden handle butcher knife and clodded with his blood and flesh. I immediately looked out a magistrate and put them in his hand. There was great dread lest the law student should get them and hide them. The lower part of barracks is now crowded with citizens. The inquest is being held over the body. Our class sat up with it last night. Immediately after we came down Col. Smith made a very touching address recommending us in the strongest terms to pursue an orderly course and let the law have its way. There is no doubt that the murderer will be hanged. He carried B down from the church telling him that he wished to see him. This was the last that was seen of them until C had finished his blows and ran away. B was totally unarmed. He went to the church with Miss Julia Junkins. Poor Miss Anderson is dreadfully distressed, he was her cousin. She heard of it in church and came out when she heard he was really dead. It was awful to see her. I hope I may never see such excitement again. In a little while the street was blocked to you could hardly walk. We will bury poor Blackburn tomorrow. All feelings of revenge have died away in everybody's heart and there will be no disturbance.","When we returned to Barracks some of his room mates expressed a desire the bell should be tolled. Bruce a fellow classman and myself went up and tolled it for half an hour. It sounded very solemn on the still midnight air and as I thought that the young man whose spirit had just winged its flight to its creator and whose sad requiem we were then performing, but a few hours before was sitting next to me in church and afterwards was in our room talking and joking and the last words I think he uttered to me he was endeavoring to plague me because a young lady whom he said I was in love with up town had sent some message or something to him. I could but say to myself how true is the text \"in the midst of life we are in death.\" Poor fellow he was one of my best friends and our society has suffered a sad, sad loss. It was a sad warning to us all and one I hope that will have great effect. Nothing at all is known about the fight. Something more will be brought to light after awhile I expect. Excuse dearest father this doleful letter but it was a relief to tell you all about it. I commenced to writing to you on Friday but thought I would let the report get home first and give you the good news of my stand. Succeeded at last, first in all my studies. Tis true I had to study like five hundred and when we came out for the last time I could hardly talk, went to bed and slept and slept. Goodbye dearest father, love to dear ma and all sisters \u0026 brothers. Your own dear son.\nExcuse bad spelling writing in haste,\nYr Dick"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard C. Taylor letter, 1854 January 15. MS 0159. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard C. Taylor letter, 1854 January 15. MS 0159. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe book titled \"Murder in Lexington: VMI, Honor and Justice in Antebellum Virginia\" (The History Press) by Daniel Morrow is an account of Thomas Blackburn's murder and subsequent events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The book titled \"Murder in Lexington: VMI, Honor and Justice in Antebellum Virginia\" (The History Press) by Daniel Morrow is an account of Thomas Blackburn's murder and subsequent events."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one letter (dated January 15, 1854) from Richard C. Taylor to his father, Walter H. Taylor. Taylor describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of his classmate Cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one letter (dated January 15, 1854) from Richard C. Taylor to his father, Walter H. Taylor. Taylor describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of his classmate Cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student.","The letter describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the murder of Richard C. Taylor's classmate Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a Washington College law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cb0eda99fbffba5eef1439f8eedb5bb6\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Taylor, Richard C. (Richard Cornelius), 1835-1917","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJanuary 15, 1854\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDearest Father:\u003cbr\u003e\nThis was to be a letter of congratulations at my stand first on everything but tis a sad time here now. The body of one of our classmates lies bloody in a room below. He was murdered last night. The greatest excitement prevails and it is only by mildness and the prayers of the minister of the gospel last night that the lynch law was not executed. In order to give something for my feelings to dwell upon and quiet them I will write you a detailed account of the whole of this sad affair. At a party which I attended uptown a law student by the name of Christian, having been introduced to Miss Anderson, engaged her company for church. Her cousin in the Corps, our classmate Blackburn, having heard of it and not liking the character of the gentleman told her to write and decline his invitation. This was some weeks ago. This fellow Christian who has the name of a numskull, wrote her a very amusing note having Latin, French \u0026amp; etc. quotations in it, only part of which was at all serious where he desired to know who was the calumniator. This was shown to Blackburn in fun, nothing being thought of it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOur dear classmate who never knew fear went up and told him he was the man answerable for everything. C. told him that I have heard the expression that \"he acted nobly in seeing after his cousin.\" He was very much frightened and seemed glad to get out of the scrape. Everybody thought all parties were satisfied. This was Saturday. This was all of the difficulty previous to last night. A classmate and myself went up last night for Miss May Kerr and Miss Julia Lewis to go to church. Miss J was not there. He walked down with Miss M and I alongside of them. As we got opposite to the Doctor's door we saw a man run up and tell him there was something the matter at Mr. White's down the street. We thinking that a child or somebody was sick paid no attention to it. When we were opposite the church, seeing a light and some 1 or 3 of our fellows on the fence, I ran across to see what was the matter, Miss M telling me to immediately return and tell her. One of the cadets saw me and jumped down and told me B. was stabbed. I knowing of the difficulty between B \u0026amp; C and thinking the students \u0026amp; cadets were going to fight and not dreaming that B was anything more than scratched and was still fighting over the fence or in fact scarcely knowing what I thought, ran back and told Lightfoot that some of our boys were in difficulty \u0026amp; to carry Miss M in Church and hurry out, she begging us to keep cool and not fight. I immediately ran across and jumped up on the fence and Oh God, can never forget what a sight. There was a classmate whom but a few hours before I was laughing and joking with in his dying struggle. I was perfectly paralyzed. He was stabbed in three places on his head and once under his ear, the latter cutting his jugular vein and killing him almost instantly. What my first feelings were I can scarcely describe. I felt as if I could see the author of that deed burned to a crisp. As soon as he had breathed his last I jumped from the fence. There were but five of us there at the time. On first promptings we with one accord cried for vengeance and were about to collect our Corps who now came pouring up and take the author of this dreadful, dreadful deed from the jail where they had lodged him. But thank God better feelings soon came and we who were first so excited endeavored to calm those who now came up panting and crying death to the cowardly villain. By and by those cadets were quieted by the exertions of many of the citizens of the peace and professors and when his remains were carried down they were persuaded to follow him a mournful, mournful crowd. I know we were wrong dearest Father to entertain ideas of vengeance against a man who must have suffered unutterable torments the whole of last night, but think of seeing his cold a bloody form, his proud spirit send to its last accounts by one who was not worthy to enter his noble mind and then you can look upon us with leniency. At first I was the only 1st classman there and Christian's knife and stick were brought to me by a Cadet who found them behind the church where the fight took place. I could scarcely hold the knife in my hand. It was a long wooden handle butcher knife and clodded with his blood and flesh. I immediately looked out a magistrate and put them in his hand. There was great dread lest the law student should get them and hide them. The lower part of barracks is now crowded with citizens. The inquest is being held over the body. Our class sat up with it last night. Immediately after we came down Col. Smith made a very touching address recommending us in the strongest terms to pursue an orderly course and let the law have its way. There is no doubt that the murderer will be hanged. He carried B down from the church telling him that he wished to see him. This was the last that was seen of them until C had finished his blows and ran away. B was totally unarmed. He went to the church with Miss Julia Junkins. Poor Miss Anderson is dreadfully distressed, he was her cousin. She heard of it in church and came out when she heard he was really dead. It was awful to see her. I hope I may never see such excitement again. In a little while the street was blocked to you could hardly walk. We will bury poor Blackburn tomorrow. All feelings of revenge have died away in everybody's heart and there will be no disturbance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen we returned to Barracks some of his room mates expressed a desire the bell should be tolled. Bruce a fellow classman and myself went up and tolled it for half an hour. It sounded very solemn on the still midnight air and as I thought that the young man whose spirit had just winged its flight to its creator and whose sad requiem we were then performing, but a few hours before was sitting next to me in church and afterwards was in our room talking and joking and the last words I think he uttered to me he was endeavoring to plague me because a young lady whom he said I was in love with up town had sent some message or something to him. I could but say to myself how true is the text \"in the midst of life we are in death.\" Poor fellow he was one of my best friends and our society has suffered a sad, sad loss. It was a sad warning to us all and one I hope that will have great effect. Nothing at all is known about the fight. Something more will be brought to light after awhile I expect. Excuse dearest father this doleful letter but it was a relief to tell you all about it. I commenced to writing to you on Friday but thought I would let the report get home first and give you the good news of my stand. Succeeded at last, first in all my studies. Tis true I had to study like five hundred and when we came out for the last time I could hardly talk, went to bed and slept and slept. Goodbye dearest father, love to dear ma and all sisters \u0026amp; brothers. Your own dear son.\u003cbr\u003e\nExcuse bad spelling writing in haste,\u003cbr\u003e\nYr Dick\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_239_c01"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Lexington","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06_c10","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06_c10"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06_c10","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c06","parent_ssim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files, 1950","Accession 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Processing Center was established at Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in 1962-1963."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material in this sub-series is related to the Biennial meeting and conference.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The material in this sub-series is related to the Biennial meeting and conference."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation"],"persname_ssim":["Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Glenn, John H., 1921-2016","Houston, Sam, 1793-1863","Hunter, David, 1802-1886","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Bush, George H. W. (George Herbert Walker), 1924-2018","Ford, Gerald R. (Gerald Rudolph), 1913-2006","Milton, William H., Jr. (William Hammond), 1900-1984","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Morrison, Tommy D. (Tommy David), 1969-2013","Powell, Colin L. (Colin Luther), 1937-2021","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","Brooke, John M. (John Mercer), 1826-1906","Byrd, Richard E. (Richard Evelyn), 1888-1957","Clark, Francis B. (Francis Barnard), 1850-1896","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Saunders, James D., 1824-1851","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Strange, John B. (John Bowie), 1823-1862","Watson, Edward Minor, 1851-1887","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1906-1982","McKenna, John, 1914-2007","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Kissinger, Henry A. (Henry Alfred), 1923-2023"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Davis, Alexander J. (Alexander Jackson), 1803-1892","Dillard, Herbert N., Jr. (Herbert Nash), 1913-1976","Ezekiel, Moses J. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Rockbridge County (Va.)—History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Rockbridge County (Va.)—History"],"language_ssim":["English."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series, including notes, clippings, and other material, covers a wide range of local history topics.\nRelated material is located separately in oversized (map cases).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series, including notes, clippings, and other material, covers a wide range of local history topics.\nRelated material is located separately in oversized (map cases)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_594","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_594","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_594","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_594","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_594.xml","title_ssm":["William Couper papers"],"title_tesim":["William Couper papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1964"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1964"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901/1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Couper papers, 1901/1964"],"text":["William Couper papers, 1901/1964","MS.0053","/repositories/3/resources/594","South Carolina—Fort Jackson","Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery (Lexington, Va.)","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1904","Virginia Military Institute—History","New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864","Lexington (Va.)—History","Rockbridge County (Va.)—History","Maps","Photograph albums","Correspondence","Scrapbooks","There are no restrictions.","Index, notes, and full-text of William Couper's speeches.","Many of these, particularly the plat maps, were\n                  drawn by William Couper.","1884\n        \n          Born November 16 at \"Oakland\" in Norfolk, Virginia.\n        \n      \n      \n        1901\n        \n          Graduated from the Norfolk Academy and entered the 3rd at VMI.\n        \n      \n      \n        1904\n        \n          Graduated from VMI with distinction (engineering course).\n        \n      \n      \n        1906\n        \n          Received a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering (railroad option) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\n        \n      \n      \n        1906-1917\n        \n          Worked with the Pennsylvania Railroad in New York City on construction, operating, and harbor work. He played a major role in the construction of the railroad  tunnels and terminals for New York City.\n        \n      \n      \n        1912\n        \n          Published \"History of the Engineering, Construction and Equipment of the Pennsylvania Railroad New York Tunnels and Terminals.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 June\n        \n          Commissioned as a Major in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps and was assigned as a Construction Officer at Camp Jackson, South Carolina.\n        \n      \n      \n        1918 March\n        \n          Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was in charge of building of the camp that became Fort Jackson, South Carolina.\n        \n      \n      \n        1920\n        \n          Completed Army service in March, and then prepared a plan of development for the future of VMI, which was adopted by the VMI Board of Visitors in June.\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1921\n        \n          Served as the Assistant General Manager of the Associated General Contractors of America\n        \n      \n      \n        1921-1924\n        \n          Employed jointly by the Texas Company and the Southern Acid and Sulphur Company as an engineer to develop sulfur properties in Brazoria County, Texas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1924\n        \n          Appointed Business Executive in charge of the business activities at the Veterans' Bureau Station at Perry Point, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1925\n        \n          Appointed Business Executive at VMI.\n        \n      \n      \n        1931-1933\n        \n          Served as Secretary and Treasurer of the VMI Alumni Association.\n        \n      \n      \n        1933\n        \n          Published the book \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1934\n        \n          Appointed VMI Historiographer.\n        \n      \n      \n        1934-1935\n        \n          Served as the President of the Association of Military Colleges and Universities in the United States.\n        \n      \n      \n        1934-1945\n        \n          Served as Secretary and Treasurer of the Southern Conference (Athletics).\n        \n      \n      \n        1936\n        \n          Published the book \"Claudius Crozet.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1939\n        \n          Published the book \"One Hundred Years at VMI\" and \"The Register of Former Cadets.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Served as Vice President and President of the Southern Conference.\n        \n      \n      \n        1952\n        \n          Published the book \"A History of the Shenandoah Valley.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1954\n        \n          Retired from positions at VMI.\n        \n      \n      \n        1964\n        \n          Died February 15 at his home in Lexington, Virginia. He is buried in Norfolk, Virginia.","William Couper (1884-1964) spent the majority of his professional life devoted to VMI and to the study of VMI, Lexington and Rockbridge County, and Virginia history. His terms as VMI's Business Executive and Historiographer encompassed thirty years, but before, during and subsequent to that period, he served in many other official and unofficial capacities. He was a noted authority on local and regional history, and on the life and times of Stonewall Jackson. In addition to his official duties at VMI, he was responsible for the initial organization and preservation of the Institute's rich historical holdings, including it's unique collection of alumni biographical and genealogical materials.","General William Harvie Richardson (1795-1876) had a long and close association with VMI. He served as the Adjutant General of Virginia and on the VMI Board of Visitors from 1841 to 1876.","Couper graduated from VMI in 1904, and maintained contact with his classmates throughout his life.","Fort Jackson (South Carolina) was constructed in 1917 to meet United States Army training needs during World War I. William Couper served as Construction Quartermaster.","The T. S. White farm was purchased by VMI in 1920 and used for cavalry and other military training exercises.","Researchers should note that, because William Couper served in\nseveral different positions at VMI, many of his professional papers are located in various record groups in the VMI Archives. These include records of the Business Office, Alumni Association, and various administrative subject files (e.g., Southern Conference).","The Virginia Historical Society (Richmond, Virginia) holds additional William Couper and Couper family papers.","The William Couper papers document a portion of the life and career of Couper, a man notable for his research and publications about the history of VMI, Lexington, Rockbridge County, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia history and genealogy, Stonewall Jackson, and Claudius Crozet.","A significant portion of the papers consist of publication\nmanuscripts, notes, and other material related to Couper's major historical research projects (many of which were published). These include the following:\n\n\"One Hundred Years at VMI,\" a four volume comprehensive history of the Institute from it's founding in 1839 through 1939\n\"The VMI New Market Cadets,\" which contains biographical information about the VMI cadets and staff who fought in the Civil War battle on May 15, 1864\n\"Claudius Crozet,\" a biography of the notable 19th century Virginia Civil Engineer\n\"A History of the Shenandoah Valley,\" Virginia\n\"Stonewall Jackson Day by Day,\" which contains chronological account including events, anecdotes, clippings, transcribed correspondence, notes, and maps\n\nCouper's passion for the history of Lexington and Rockbridge County is evident in the substantial amount of local history research material found in his papers. Included are notes on a wide range of local history topics, as well as extensive research material (notes and maps) concerning the history of many local properties and the Lexington cemetery.","The papers also include material concerning the\nconstruction of Fort Jackson (South Carolina), Couper's\nspeeches and addresses, maps, scrapbooks, photograph albums, and correspondence.","Materials relating to the research and publication of William Couper's four volume history of VMI, published in 1939. Related items are located in oversized.","Notes, correspondence, and financial records related to the publication of William Couper's book about the VMI cadets who fought at the Battle of New Market, Virginia in May 1864. This book was published in 1933.","Notes by Joseph Reid Anderson, Jr., Torbett, and Echols, that regard General John C. Breckinridge and General Franz Sigel.","Paperback copy of the final publication \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"","An account book, bank books, and balance sheets related to the publication of the \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"","Typescript draft of the New Market anniversary address delivered by William Couper in Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hall.","Correspondence regarding publication of the pamphlet and \nprinted copies with corrections by William Couper.","Regards the reburial of New Market cadets and their grave markers.","Galley proofs, manuscript, and notes.","Materials related to the manuscript and\n                     publication, including notes, correspondence, and\n                     newspaper clippings.","Unpublished research material concerning the life of Thomas J. Jackson (General Stonewall Jackson).","Detailed notes regarding Stonwall Jackson's life, proceeding chronologically from birth to death.","Map by William Couper titled \"Movements of Gen. T. J. Stonewall Jackson, 1861-1863.\"","This series, including notes, clippings, and other material, covers a wide range of local history topics.\nRelated material is located separately in oversized (map cases).","Research material concerning local properties, including notes on plats, deeds, lots, and property owners.","Notes on large plats in Rockbridge, Augusta, and Botetourt Counties, Virginia.","Notes concerning lots, deeds, grants, early lots and annexations, and maps.","Notes concerning property owners.","The transcriptions of correspondence in this series are of letters found in the official correspondence of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. The original letters are located in the VMI Archives, Records of the Superintendent.","The photograph includes the following individuals:\n\nRobert B. Allport\nSamuel K. Funkhouser\nAlfred P. Upshur\nThomas C. Gordon\nWilliam Couper\nPaul R. Camp\nJames S. Easley\nEllis C. Caldwell","Letters from Henry Peck Fry (VMI Class of 1901), who was a newspaperman and writer.","Typescript list of speeches compiled by William Couper.","Topics include the following:\n\nVMI history\nStonewall Jackson\nClaudius Crozet\nBattle of New Market\nRockbridge County, Virginia maps\nEarly Rockbridge County history\nLocal history topics","Many of the items in this series were hand drawn by William Couper and are annotated, and/or are accompanied by related correspondence and notes. Some additional maps are filed separately in oversized (map case).","City limits drawn in for 1778, 1847, 1850, and 1877.","Drawn by J. A. Champe, Jr. in 1912 and reprinted in 1952.","By D. E. Brady with notations by William Couper.","By D. E. Brady.","Surveyed September 2, 1819.","Sold to Sally C. P. Miller. Survey by Jas. C. C. Moore in 1853.","Isaac Campbell to George Brown.","William Moore to John Hoffman.","Elizabeth Hoffman and Daniel Hoffman to James McDowell.","E. S. Tutwiler lots.","The Campbell Farm.","Survey made by James C. C. Moore in 1845.","Twenty-seven lots on plat.","Division of Campbell Land, east area between South Main-Taylor-Houston Streets. Map created by D. E. Brady.","W. A. Rhoads Development on Taylor Street.","Sketch done from insurance maps.","Created by the United States Geological Survey and reproduced in 1923.","Lapsleys to Zachariah Johnson.","William Graham to Andrew Reid.","Borden to Craighead to John Bowyer.","Telford (Tedford)","Joseph Walker to William Graham.","L. D. Hamric and Carolyn E. to T. B. Martin.","Ruff Estate, will book 20-280","C. W. Barger Estate. Attached EE-228.","Surveyed for T. B. Martin in 1921.","Dower of Elizabeth Moore.","Survey by D. E. Brady in 1953.","Compiled by D. E. Brady.","Survey and drawn under the direction of John Wood in 1821.","Topics include the Campbell family and home, VMI and Lexington, Colonel and Mrs. Robert A. Marr, and Willoughby Beach.","Includes drawings and sports photographs.","Topics include the following:\n\nRichmond Hill, New York (1910)\nNorfolk, Virginia (1910)\nWashington, D.C. (1910 and 1912)\nWilloughby Beach, Virginia (1910 and 1911)\nCorps at Jamestown Exposition (1907)\nVMI (1910)\nInternational Aviation Meet, Belmont Park, Long Island, New York (October 1910)\nVMI football team (November 1902)\nFamily pictures\nPA RR, NY Tunnel\nBear's Den, Virginia (1912)\nTrip through West (1911)","In 1974, at the request of the Fort Jackson Museum, South Carolina, selected papers relating to the construction of Fort Jackson were placed on indefinite loan to the Museum.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks; Oversized Case 9; Oversized stacks range (manuscripts)","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876","Stanard, Jaqueline Beverly, 1845-1864","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Fry, Henry P. (Henry Peck), 1881-1956","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Couper papers, 1901/1964"],"collection_ssim":["William Couper papers, 1901/1964"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0053","/repositories/3/resources/594"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0053","/repositories/3/resources/594"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["South Carolina—Fort Jackson","Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery (Lexington, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["South Carolina—Fort Jackson","Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery (Lexington, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["South Carolina—Fort Jackson","Stonewall Jackson Memorial Cemetery (Lexington, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964"],"creator_ssim":["Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876","Stanard, Jaqueline Beverly, 1845-1864","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Fry, Henry P. (Henry Peck), 1881-1956"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876","Stanard, Jaqueline Beverly, 1845-1864","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Fry, Henry P. (Henry Peck), 1881-1956","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1904","Virginia Military Institute—History","New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864","Lexington (Va.)—History","Rockbridge County (Va.)—History","Maps","Photograph albums","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1904","Virginia Military Institute—History","New Market, Battle of, New Market, Va., 1864","Lexington (Va.)—History","Rockbridge County (Va.)—History","Maps","Photograph albums","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 cubic feet 36 manuscript boxes. In addition, large items are stored in oversized cases."],"extent_tesim":["18 cubic feet 36 manuscript boxes. In addition, large items are stored in oversized cases."],"genreform_ssim":["Maps","Photograph albums","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIndex, notes, and full-text of William Couper's speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of these, particularly the plat maps, were\n                  drawn by William Couper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Index, notes, and full-text of William Couper's speeches.","Many of these, particularly the plat maps, were\n                  drawn by William Couper."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["1884\n        \n          Born November 16 at \"Oakland\" in Norfolk, Virginia.\n        \n      \n      \n        1901\n        \n          Graduated from the Norfolk Academy and entered the 3rd at VMI.\n        \n      \n      \n        1904\n        \n          Graduated from VMI with distinction (engineering course).\n        \n      \n      \n        1906\n        \n          Received a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering (railroad option) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\n        \n      \n      \n        1906-1917\n        \n          Worked with the Pennsylvania Railroad in New York City on construction, operating, and harbor work. He played a major role in the construction of the railroad  tunnels and terminals for New York City.\n        \n      \n      \n        1912\n        \n          Published \"History of the Engineering, Construction and Equipment of the Pennsylvania Railroad New York Tunnels and Terminals.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 June\n        \n          Commissioned as a Major in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps and was assigned as a Construction Officer at Camp Jackson, South Carolina.\n        \n      \n      \n        1918 March\n        \n          Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was in charge of building of the camp that became Fort Jackson, South Carolina.\n        \n      \n      \n        1920\n        \n          Completed Army service in March, and then prepared a plan of development for the future of VMI, which was adopted by the VMI Board of Visitors in June.\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1921\n        \n          Served as the Assistant General Manager of the Associated General Contractors of America\n        \n      \n      \n        1921-1924\n        \n          Employed jointly by the Texas Company and the Southern Acid and Sulphur Company as an engineer to develop sulfur properties in Brazoria County, Texas.\n        \n      \n      \n        1924\n        \n          Appointed Business Executive in charge of the business activities at the Veterans' Bureau Station at Perry Point, Maryland.\n        \n      \n      \n        1925\n        \n          Appointed Business Executive at VMI.\n        \n      \n      \n        1931-1933\n        \n          Served as Secretary and Treasurer of the VMI Alumni Association.\n        \n      \n      \n        1933\n        \n          Published the book \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1934\n        \n          Appointed VMI Historiographer.\n        \n      \n      \n        1934-1935\n        \n          Served as the President of the Association of Military Colleges and Universities in the United States.\n        \n      \n      \n        1934-1945\n        \n          Served as Secretary and Treasurer of the Southern Conference (Athletics).\n        \n      \n      \n        1936\n        \n          Published the book \"Claudius Crozet.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1939\n        \n          Published the book \"One Hundred Years at VMI\" and \"The Register of Former Cadets.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Served as Vice President and President of the Southern Conference.\n        \n      \n      \n        1952\n        \n          Published the book \"A History of the Shenandoah Valley.\"\n        \n      \n      \n        1954\n        \n          Retired from positions at VMI.\n        \n      \n      \n        1964\n        \n          Died February 15 at his home in Lexington, Virginia. He is buried in Norfolk, Virginia.","William Couper (1884-1964) spent the majority of his professional life devoted to VMI and to the study of VMI, Lexington and Rockbridge County, and Virginia history. His terms as VMI's Business Executive and Historiographer encompassed thirty years, but before, during and subsequent to that period, he served in many other official and unofficial capacities. He was a noted authority on local and regional history, and on the life and times of Stonewall Jackson. In addition to his official duties at VMI, he was responsible for the initial organization and preservation of the Institute's rich historical holdings, including it's unique collection of alumni biographical and genealogical materials.","General William Harvie Richardson (1795-1876) had a long and close association with VMI. He served as the Adjutant General of Virginia and on the VMI Board of Visitors from 1841 to 1876.","Couper graduated from VMI in 1904, and maintained contact with his classmates throughout his life.","Fort Jackson (South Carolina) was constructed in 1917 to meet United States Army training needs during World War I. William Couper served as Construction Quartermaster.","The T. S. White farm was purchased by VMI in 1920 and used for cavalry and other military training exercises."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Couper papers, 1901-1946. MS 0053. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William Couper papers, 1901-1946. MS 0053. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers should note that, because William Couper served in\nseveral different positions at VMI, many of his professional papers are located in various record groups in the VMI Archives. These include records of the Business Office, Alumni Association, and various administrative subject files (e.g., Southern Conference).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Historical Society (Richmond, Virginia) holds additional William Couper and Couper family papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials at VMI","Related Manuscript Collections in other Repositories"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers should note that, because William Couper served in\nseveral different positions at VMI, many of his professional papers are located in various record groups in the VMI Archives. These include records of the Business Office, Alumni Association, and various administrative subject files (e.g., Southern Conference).","The Virginia Historical Society (Richmond, Virginia) holds additional William Couper and Couper family papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe William Couper papers document a portion of the life and career of Couper, a man notable for his research and publications about the history of VMI, Lexington, Rockbridge County, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia history and genealogy, Stonewall Jackson, and Claudius Crozet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the papers consist of publication\nmanuscripts, notes, and other material related to Couper's major historical research projects (many of which were published). These include the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"One Hundred Years at VMI,\" a four volume comprehensive history of the Institute from it's founding in 1839 through 1939\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"The VMI New Market Cadets,\" which contains biographical information about the VMI cadets and staff who fought in the Civil War battle on May 15, 1864\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"Claudius Crozet,\" a biography of the notable 19th century Virginia Civil Engineer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"A History of the Shenandoah Valley,\" Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"Stonewall Jackson Day by Day,\" which contains chronological account including events, anecdotes, clippings, transcribed correspondence, notes, and maps\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nCouper's passion for the history of Lexington and Rockbridge County is evident in the substantial amount of local history research material found in his papers. Included are notes on a wide range of local history topics, as well as extensive research material (notes and maps) concerning the history of many local properties and the Lexington cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include material concerning the\nconstruction of Fort Jackson (South Carolina), Couper's\nspeeches and addresses, maps, scrapbooks, photograph albums, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the research and publication of William Couper's four volume history of VMI, published in 1939. Related items are located in oversized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes, correspondence, and financial records related to the publication of William Couper's book about the VMI cadets who fought at the Battle of New Market, Virginia in May 1864. This book was published in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes by Joseph Reid Anderson, Jr., Torbett, and Echols, that regard General John C. Breckinridge and General Franz Sigel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePaperback copy of the final publication \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn account book, bank books, and balance sheets related to the publication of the \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript draft of the New Market anniversary address delivered by William Couper in Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding publication of the pamphlet and \nprinted copies with corrections by William Couper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegards the reburial of New Market cadets and their grave markers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGalley proofs, manuscript, and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to the manuscript and\n                     publication, including notes, correspondence, and\n                     newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished research material concerning the life of Thomas J. Jackson (General Stonewall Jackson).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetailed notes regarding Stonwall Jackson's life, proceeding chronologically from birth to death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap by William Couper titled \"Movements of Gen. T. J. Stonewall Jackson, 1861-1863.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series, including notes, clippings, and other material, covers a wide range of local history topics.\nRelated material is located separately in oversized (map cases).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearch material concerning local properties, including notes on plats, deeds, lots, and property owners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes on large plats in Rockbridge, Augusta, and Botetourt Counties, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes concerning lots, deeds, grants, early lots and annexations, and maps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes concerning property owners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe transcriptions of correspondence in this series are of letters found in the official correspondence of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. The original letters are located in the VMI Archives, Records of the Superintendent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph includes the following individuals:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert B. Allport\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSamuel K. Funkhouser\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlfred P. Upshur\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThomas C. Gordon\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilliam Couper\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePaul R. Camp\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJames S. Easley\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEllis C. Caldwell\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Henry Peck Fry (VMI Class of 1901), who was a newspaperman and writer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript list of speeches compiled by William Couper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI history\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClaudius Crozet\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBattle of New Market\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRockbridge County, Virginia maps\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEarly Rockbridge County history\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLocal history topics\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the items in this series were hand drawn by William Couper and are annotated, and/or are accompanied by related correspondence and notes. Some additional maps are filed separately in oversized (map case).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity limits drawn in for 1778, 1847, 1850, and 1877.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawn by J. A. Champe, Jr. in 1912 and reprinted in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy D. E. Brady with notations by William Couper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy D. E. Brady.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurveyed September 2, 1819.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSold to Sally C. P. Miller. Survey by Jas. C. C. Moore in 1853.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIsaac Campbell to George Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Moore to John Hoffman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Hoffman and Daniel Hoffman to James McDowell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eE. S. Tutwiler lots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Campbell Farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurvey made by James C. C. Moore in 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-seven lots on plat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDivision of Campbell Land, east area between South Main-Taylor-Houston Streets. Map created by D. E. Brady.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW. A. Rhoads Development on Taylor Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch done from insurance maps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreated by the United States Geological Survey and reproduced in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLapsleys to Zachariah Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Graham to Andrew Reid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorden to Craighead to John Bowyer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTelford (Tedford)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Walker to William Graham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eL. D. Hamric and Carolyn E. to T. B. Martin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuff Estate, will book 20-280\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC. W. Barger Estate. Attached EE-228.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurveyed for T. B. Martin in 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDower of Elizabeth Moore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurvey by D. E. Brady in 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompiled by D. E. Brady.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSurvey and drawn under the direction of John Wood in 1821.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the Campbell family and home, VMI and Lexington, Colonel and Mrs. Robert A. Marr, and Willoughby Beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes drawings and sports photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRichmond Hill, New York (1910)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNorfolk, Virginia (1910)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWashington, D.C. (1910 and 1912)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilloughby Beach, Virginia (1910 and 1911)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorps at Jamestown Exposition (1907)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI (1910)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational Aviation Meet, Belmont Park, Long Island, New York (October 1910)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI football team (November 1902)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily pictures\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePA RR, NY Tunnel\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBear's Den, Virginia (1912)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrip through West (1911)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The William Couper papers document a portion of the life and career of Couper, a man notable for his research and publications about the history of VMI, Lexington, Rockbridge County, Shenandoah Valley, Virginia history and genealogy, Stonewall Jackson, and Claudius Crozet.","A significant portion of the papers consist of publication\nmanuscripts, notes, and other material related to Couper's major historical research projects (many of which were published). These include the following:\n\n\"One Hundred Years at VMI,\" a four volume comprehensive history of the Institute from it's founding in 1839 through 1939\n\"The VMI New Market Cadets,\" which contains biographical information about the VMI cadets and staff who fought in the Civil War battle on May 15, 1864\n\"Claudius Crozet,\" a biography of the notable 19th century Virginia Civil Engineer\n\"A History of the Shenandoah Valley,\" Virginia\n\"Stonewall Jackson Day by Day,\" which contains chronological account including events, anecdotes, clippings, transcribed correspondence, notes, and maps\n\nCouper's passion for the history of Lexington and Rockbridge County is evident in the substantial amount of local history research material found in his papers. Included are notes on a wide range of local history topics, as well as extensive research material (notes and maps) concerning the history of many local properties and the Lexington cemetery.","The papers also include material concerning the\nconstruction of Fort Jackson (South Carolina), Couper's\nspeeches and addresses, maps, scrapbooks, photograph albums, and correspondence.","Materials relating to the research and publication of William Couper's four volume history of VMI, published in 1939. Related items are located in oversized.","Notes, correspondence, and financial records related to the publication of William Couper's book about the VMI cadets who fought at the Battle of New Market, Virginia in May 1864. This book was published in 1933.","Notes by Joseph Reid Anderson, Jr., Torbett, and Echols, that regard General John C. Breckinridge and General Franz Sigel.","Paperback copy of the final publication \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"","An account book, bank books, and balance sheets related to the publication of the \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"","Typescript draft of the New Market anniversary address delivered by William Couper in Stonewall Jackson Memorial Hall.","Correspondence regarding publication of the pamphlet and \nprinted copies with corrections by William Couper.","Regards the reburial of New Market cadets and their grave markers.","Galley proofs, manuscript, and notes.","Materials related to the manuscript and\n                     publication, including notes, correspondence, and\n                     newspaper clippings.","Unpublished research material concerning the life of Thomas J. Jackson (General Stonewall Jackson).","Detailed notes regarding Stonwall Jackson's life, proceeding chronologically from birth to death.","Map by William Couper titled \"Movements of Gen. T. J. Stonewall Jackson, 1861-1863.\"","This series, including notes, clippings, and other material, covers a wide range of local history topics.\nRelated material is located separately in oversized (map cases).","Research material concerning local properties, including notes on plats, deeds, lots, and property owners.","Notes on large plats in Rockbridge, Augusta, and Botetourt Counties, Virginia.","Notes concerning lots, deeds, grants, early lots and annexations, and maps.","Notes concerning property owners.","The transcriptions of correspondence in this series are of letters found in the official correspondence of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. The original letters are located in the VMI Archives, Records of the Superintendent.","The photograph includes the following individuals:\n\nRobert B. Allport\nSamuel K. Funkhouser\nAlfred P. Upshur\nThomas C. Gordon\nWilliam Couper\nPaul R. Camp\nJames S. Easley\nEllis C. Caldwell","Letters from Henry Peck Fry (VMI Class of 1901), who was a newspaperman and writer.","Typescript list of speeches compiled by William Couper.","Topics include the following:\n\nVMI history\nStonewall Jackson\nClaudius Crozet\nBattle of New Market\nRockbridge County, Virginia maps\nEarly Rockbridge County history\nLocal history topics","Many of the items in this series were hand drawn by William Couper and are annotated, and/or are accompanied by related correspondence and notes. Some additional maps are filed separately in oversized (map case).","City limits drawn in for 1778, 1847, 1850, and 1877.","Drawn by J. A. Champe, Jr. in 1912 and reprinted in 1952.","By D. E. Brady with notations by William Couper.","By D. E. Brady.","Surveyed September 2, 1819.","Sold to Sally C. P. Miller. Survey by Jas. C. C. Moore in 1853.","Isaac Campbell to George Brown.","William Moore to John Hoffman.","Elizabeth Hoffman and Daniel Hoffman to James McDowell.","E. S. Tutwiler lots.","The Campbell Farm.","Survey made by James C. C. Moore in 1845.","Twenty-seven lots on plat.","Division of Campbell Land, east area between South Main-Taylor-Houston Streets. Map created by D. E. Brady.","W. A. Rhoads Development on Taylor Street.","Sketch done from insurance maps.","Created by the United States Geological Survey and reproduced in 1923.","Lapsleys to Zachariah Johnson.","William Graham to Andrew Reid.","Borden to Craighead to John Bowyer.","Telford (Tedford)","Joseph Walker to William Graham.","L. D. Hamric and Carolyn E. to T. B. Martin.","Ruff Estate, will book 20-280","C. W. Barger Estate. Attached EE-228.","Surveyed for T. B. Martin in 1921.","Dower of Elizabeth Moore.","Survey by D. E. Brady in 1953.","Compiled by D. E. Brady.","Survey and drawn under the direction of John Wood in 1821.","Topics include the Campbell family and home, VMI and Lexington, Colonel and Mrs. Robert A. Marr, and Willoughby Beach.","Includes drawings and sports photographs.","Topics include the following:\n\nRichmond Hill, New York (1910)\nNorfolk, Virginia (1910)\nWashington, D.C. (1910 and 1912)\nWilloughby Beach, Virginia (1910 and 1911)\nCorps at Jamestown Exposition (1907)\nVMI (1910)\nInternational Aviation Meet, Belmont Park, Long Island, New York (October 1910)\nVMI football team (November 1902)\nFamily pictures\nPA RR, NY Tunnel\nBear's Den, Virginia (1912)\nTrip through West (1911)"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1974, at the request of the Fort Jackson Museum, South Carolina, selected papers relating to the construction of Fort Jackson were placed on indefinite loan to the Museum.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Items on Loan"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["In 1974, at the request of the Fort Jackson Museum, South Carolina, selected papers relating to the construction of Fort Jackson were placed on indefinite loan to the Museum."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives.Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e201838d2522e103ebdbd1f0eba5d813\"\u003eManuscripts stacks; Oversized Case 9; Oversized stacks range (manuscripts)\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks; Oversized Case 9; Oversized stacks range (manuscripts)"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876","Stanard, Jaqueline Beverly, 1845-1864","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Fry, Henry P. (Henry Peck), 1881-1956"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Richardson, William H. (William Harvie), 1795-1876","Stanard, Jaqueline Beverly, 1845-1864","Breckinridge, John C. (John Cabell), 1821-1875","Sigel, Franz, 1824-1902","Fry, Henry P. (Henry Peck), 1881-1956"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":189,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1884\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eBorn November 16 at \"Oakland\" in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1901\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from the Norfolk Academy and entered the 3rd at VMI.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1904\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from VMI with distinction (engineering course).\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1906\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eReceived a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering (railroad option) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1906-1917\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eWorked with the Pennsylvania Railroad in New York City on construction, operating, and harbor work. He played a major role in the construction of the railroad  tunnels and terminals for New York City.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1912\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003ePublished \"History of the Engineering, Construction and Equipment of the Pennsylvania Railroad New York Tunnels and Terminals.\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917 June\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommissioned as a Major in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps and was assigned as a Construction Officer at Camp Jackson, South Carolina.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1918 March\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003ePromoted to Lieutenant Colonel and was in charge of building of the camp that became Fort Jackson, South Carolina.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1920\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCompleted Army service in March, and then prepared a plan of development for the future of VMI, which was adopted by the VMI Board of Visitors in June.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1920-1921\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed as the Assistant General Manager of the Associated General Contractors of America\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1921-1924\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eEmployed jointly by the Texas Company and the Southern Acid and Sulphur Company as an engineer to develop sulfur properties in Brazoria County, Texas.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1924\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAppointed Business Executive in charge of the business activities at the Veterans' Bureau Station at Perry Point, Maryland.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1925\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAppointed Business Executive at VMI.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1931-1933\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed as Secretary and Treasurer of the VMI Alumni Association.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1933\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003ePublished the book \"The VMI New Market Cadets.\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1934\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAppointed VMI Historiographer.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1934-1935\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed as the President of the Association of Military Colleges and Universities in the United States.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1934-1945\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed as Secretary and Treasurer of the Southern Conference (Athletics).\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1936\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003ePublished the book \"Claudius Crozet.\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1939\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003ePublished the book \"One Hundred Years at VMI\" and \"The Register of Former Cadets.\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1946-1948\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed as Vice President and President of the Southern Conference.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1952\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003ePublished the book \"A History of the Shenandoah Valley.\"\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1954\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from positions at VMI.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1964\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDied February 15 at his home in Lexington, Virginia. He is buried in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Couper (1884-1964) spent the majority of his professional life devoted to VMI and to the study of VMI, Lexington and Rockbridge County, and Virginia history. His terms as VMI's Business Executive and Historiographer encompassed thirty years, but before, during and subsequent to that period, he served in many other official and unofficial capacities. He was a noted authority on local and regional history, and on the life and times of Stonewall Jackson. In addition to his official duties at VMI, he was responsible for the initial organization and preservation of the Institute's rich historical holdings, including it's unique collection of alumni biographical and genealogical materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eGeneral William Harvie Richardson (1795-1876) had a long and close association with VMI. He served as the Adjutant General of Virginia and on the VMI Board of Visitors from 1841 to 1876.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCouper graduated from VMI in 1904, and maintained contact with his classmates throughout his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFort Jackson (South Carolina) was constructed in 1917 to meet United States Army training needs during World War I. William Couper served as Construction Quartermaster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe T. S. White farm was purchased by VMI in 1920 and used for cavalry and other military training exercises.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_594_c03"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","value":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","hits":50},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.sort=count"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848","value":"Alexander S. 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