{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.page=2","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+%28Va.%29%E2%80%94History\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=5"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":50,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_303.xml","title_ssm":["Alexander S. Brown letters"],"title_tesim":["Alexander S. Brown letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1848"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1848"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1848"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848"],"text":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848","MS.0217","/repositories/3/resources/303","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Alexander Stuart Brown was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He graduated from Washington College in 1849 and went on to become a lawyer. Brown's father and grandfather also attended Washington College. Brown died on April 8, 1859.","Lexington Sept 20th 1846","Dear Sister\nI received your letter on the 15th ultimo, and in compliance with your request, have taken my oen to tell you about your relations \u0026 friends in Lexington. I have been at Uncle E's several times and at Cousin Edward's and they are so kind to me that my homesickness has \"departed this life\". Indeed I do not think I was ever better contented than I am now.\nI visit only my relations, not having been here long enough to make any other acquaintances. I am getting on finely with my studies, my mark being 6 ¾, 7 being perfection. Young Holcombe \u0026 myself went yesterday to Aunt Peggy's where we had quite a pleasant time of it. I had the fortune to meet with Mrs. Duke there who had returned from Charlottesville on Friday. Mr. Duke was not with her, being detained in Charlottesville. He is teaching school there, but has only seven scholars. She is quite well and says she likes Charlottesville very much. The Bell for Dr. Ruffner's lecture is just ringing and I must lay my pen aside until I attend that. I will resume my letter as soon as it is over.","As the morning's lecture was merely introductory to a course of lectures on \"Evidences of Christianity\" it was very short and did not detain me long and I am again at my desk, so I'll finish what I was at. Cousin Francis is well and says she is very sorry she cannot see you before she returns to the South, which she intends doing Monday week she leaves her two sons, however, at Uncle E's for the purpose of having them educated in Virginia. They are very smart and uncommonly fine looking. Virginia Eskridge must be \"cracked\" or something else is out of place in her noodle, for I have been there three times and have not been able to get a glimpse of her. Aunt Peggy says she is unwell, but others say she sometimes takes it into her head that she will see no one. I see no temptation whatever to be dissipated in Lexington, but it has confirmed me in the opinion that \"men make their own temptations.\" I have joined the Cincinnati class and the only objection I have to it is it makes my shoulders extremely tired for they make you hold you had up and \"walk\" as well as stand straight. I like it very much and I know it will improve my figure and will have the effect of rendering my breast less prominent for a cadet was there last session whose breast was like mine and he was almost entirely cured. When I received Pa's letter I was speaking to some of the students about purchasing books, the elder Holcombe said that he had a great many books he didn't need, which he would let me have at a reduced price. I immediately purchased what I wanted. Two weeks hence you may expect that nice letter and if you do not acknowledge that it is well written it will be because you are no judge. I am sorry to say I have no shoes to wear, except my two fine pair. My boots I am keeping for the snow. I told you when I was at home that my thick shoes hurt my feet I had them greased however and wore them to Drill and they hurt my feet so much that for a day or two I could hardly permit a slipper on my foot. You know I have corns. So if you please send me a strong pair of shoes. Have them made large. This is my only request, as for money, I have plenty although my uniform costs me 27 dollars. All are well. Mat unites with me in sending love to you all. Give my respects to Maria \u0026 James and believe me to be your affectionate brother. A.S. Brown","Lexington, Sept 7th 1848","My dear Sister\nSince my letter to Pa, I have been more dissatisfied, more discouraged. Things here have taken a change for the worse instead of for the better. Our number of Students is still small \u0026 no professor has been elected to fill Prof. Ewell's place. The trustees met on yesterday and the result of their proceeding was that they will not meet again until the middle of November to elect a professor of Mathematics. They elected as President a Dr. Jenkins, a minister, about whom I know nothing except that he is president of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, that there is not an absolute certainty about his acceptance of the Office and very little probability of his entering upon his duties before the first of February. Pro. Ewell will go away in the course of five or six weeks \u0026 we will doubtless have Prof. Calhoun as a Mathematician, who is not fit to teach Boys in Arithmetic. I have not yet entered College \u0026 do not wish to enter, because I believe to remain here will be a waste of time \u0026 money. It is too late to go to Princeton or Yale, but not to go to the University. I have examined the Catalogue \u0026 have information obtained from University Students who say that 35 dollars will be sufficient to take me there for one year. I do not now touch Spirits or Cards so that I am not fearful of indulging in either at the University. A great many of my acquaintances in town are going; but what is the greatest inducement is that three students from this College who came here this session, dissatisfied with the place, will go on to the University. One is a classmate of mine, a Mr. Kyle from Botetourt, a very studious, economical \u0026 industrious fellow. Another is a young Hogshead from Middlebrook who stands first in the Junior Class who is remarkably smart \u0026 economical. As proof of the latter quality I can say that his expenses here last year were 230 dollars only. He studies all the time and is one of the best friends I ever had. He had been on the most intimate terms with me ever since I knew him. He \u0026 I will room together here if I go. He will neither touch spirits or play cards \u0026 is going with a determination to spend nothing that he cannot help. He declares he won't stay here. The other is a member of the Sophomore Class- the best Latin scholar in his class- can talk French finely \u0026 neither touches spirits or plays cards. They as well as I (if I go) will go with a determination to study hard \u0026 to be economical I want to go because I believe I can enter the University with more advantage this year than next \u0026 because I think staying here this year will be a great loss to me. Sister, I want you to use your influence with Pa for I want to go \u0026 if I do go- depend on it, I shall study hard \u0026 spend little. The last I am certain of not depending on my own Economical inclination but upon the restraints thrown upon me by me associations with the boys before mentioned, by my promise \u0026 resolutions \u0026 the conditions upon which I go, as well by my actual knowledge of Pa's embarrassments. As to the time which elapses between this \u0026 the commencement of the session. I can spend that at the University preparing to enter even in Staunton- with Aunt Martha- or I could stay here \u0026 study until the session commences there. Pa can best decide as to that and indeed he is the best judge of the propriety of my going to the University at all; but of this I am certain that could he be here and know all the circumstances connected with my staying or going that he would not hesitate one moment to send me away from here. Give my best to Pa, \u0026 to sister Jane, Bethe \u0026 [?] \u0026 believe me to be in great haste your affectionate brother, Alexander","P.S. Be sure to ask Pa to grant my request in relation to this matter. I forgot to see about that gown- one like Mr. Kent's.  I would like to have one.  If it does not cost more than it is worth.  If Sister J. has one made for me, let it be a cheap substantial one - wadded heavily.  Tell Sister J. I will write to her by the next mail.  Excuse my writing in this letter so much about the University but it is now uppermost in my thoughts.  I would rather go to Wythe, I believe, than anywhere's else - if you had a good College there.","This collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. The letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter expresses Alexander S. Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0217","/repositories/3/resources/303"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0217","/repositories/3/resources/303"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"creator_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 items"],"extent_tesim":["2 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Stuart Brown was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He graduated from Washington College in 1849 and went on to become a lawyer. Brown's father and grandfather also attended Washington College. Brown died on April 8, 1859.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Stuart Brown was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He graduated from Washington College in 1849 and went on to become a lawyer. Brown's father and grandfather also attended Washington College. Brown died on April 8, 1859."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington Sept 20th 1846\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your letter on the 15th ultimo, and in compliance with your request, have taken my oen to tell you about your relations \u0026amp; friends in Lexington. I have been at Uncle E's several times and at Cousin Edward's and they are so kind to me that my homesickness has \"departed this life\". Indeed I do not think I was ever better contented than I am now.\nI visit only my relations, not having been here long enough to make any other acquaintances. I am getting on finely with my studies, my mark being 6 ¾, 7 being perfection. Young Holcombe \u0026amp; myself went yesterday to Aunt Peggy's where we had quite a pleasant time of it. I had the fortune to meet with Mrs. Duke there who had returned from Charlottesville on Friday. Mr. Duke was not with her, being detained in Charlottesville. He is teaching school there, but has only seven scholars. She is quite well and says she likes Charlottesville very much. The Bell for Dr. Ruffner's lecture is just ringing and I must lay my pen aside until I attend that. I will resume my letter as soon as it is over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the morning's lecture was merely introductory to a course of lectures on \"Evidences of Christianity\" it was very short and did not detain me long and I am again at my desk, so I'll finish what I was at. Cousin Francis is well and says she is very sorry she cannot see you before she returns to the South, which she intends doing Monday week she leaves her two sons, however, at Uncle E's for the purpose of having them educated in Virginia. They are very smart and uncommonly fine looking. Virginia Eskridge must be \"cracked\" or something else is out of place in her noodle, for I have been there three times and have not been able to get a glimpse of her. Aunt Peggy says she is unwell, but others say she sometimes takes it into her head that she will see no one. I see no temptation whatever to be dissipated in Lexington, but it has confirmed me in the opinion that \"men make their own temptations.\" I have joined the Cincinnati class and the only objection I have to it is it makes my shoulders extremely tired for they make you hold you had up and \"walk\" as well as stand straight. I like it very much and I know it will improve my figure and will have the effect of rendering my breast less prominent for a cadet was there last session whose breast was like mine and he was almost entirely cured. When I received Pa's letter I was speaking to some of the students about purchasing books, the elder Holcombe said that he had a great many books he didn't need, which he would let me have at a reduced price. I immediately purchased what I wanted. Two weeks hence you may expect that nice letter and if you do not acknowledge that it is well written it will be because you are no judge. I am sorry to say I have no shoes to wear, except my two fine pair. My boots I am keeping for the snow. I told you when I was at home that my thick shoes hurt my feet I had them greased however and wore them to Drill and they hurt my feet so much that for a day or two I could hardly permit a slipper on my foot. You know I have corns. So if you please send me a strong pair of shoes. Have them made large. This is my only request, as for money, I have plenty although my uniform costs me 27 dollars. All are well. Mat unites with me in sending love to you all. Give my respects to Maria \u0026amp; James and believe me to be your affectionate brother. A.S. Brown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Sept 7th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nSince my letter to Pa, I have been more dissatisfied, more discouraged. Things here have taken a change for the worse instead of for the better. Our number of Students is still small \u0026amp; no professor has been elected to fill Prof. Ewell's place. The trustees met on yesterday and the result of their proceeding was that they will not meet again until the middle of November to elect a professor of Mathematics. They elected as President a Dr. Jenkins, a minister, about whom I know nothing except that he is president of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, that there is not an absolute certainty about his acceptance of the Office and very little probability of his entering upon his duties before the first of February. Pro. Ewell will go away in the course of five or six weeks \u0026amp; we will doubtless have Prof. Calhoun as a Mathematician, who is not fit to teach Boys in Arithmetic. I have not yet entered College \u0026amp; do not wish to enter, because I believe to remain here will be a waste of time \u0026amp; money. It is too late to go to Princeton or Yale, but not to go to the University. I have examined the Catalogue \u0026amp; have information obtained from University Students who say that 35 dollars will be sufficient to take me there for one year. I do not now touch Spirits or Cards so that I am not fearful of indulging in either at the University. A great many of my acquaintances in town are going; but what is the greatest inducement is that three students from this College who came here this session, dissatisfied with the place, will go on to the University. One is a classmate of mine, a Mr. Kyle from Botetourt, a very studious, economical \u0026amp; industrious fellow. Another is a young Hogshead from Middlebrook who stands first in the Junior Class who is remarkably smart \u0026amp; economical. As proof of the latter quality I can say that his expenses here last year were 230 dollars only. He studies all the time and is one of the best friends I ever had. He had been on the most intimate terms with me ever since I knew him. He \u0026amp; I will room together here if I go. He will neither touch spirits or play cards \u0026amp; is going with a determination to spend nothing that he cannot help. He declares he won't stay here. The other is a member of the Sophomore Class- the best Latin scholar in his class- can talk French finely \u0026amp; neither touches spirits or plays cards. They as well as I (if I go) will go with a determination to study hard \u0026amp; to be economical I want to go because I believe I can enter the University with more advantage this year than next \u0026amp; because I think staying here this year will be a great loss to me. Sister, I want you to use your influence with Pa for I want to go \u0026amp; if I do go- depend on it, I shall study hard \u0026amp; spend little. The last I am certain of not depending on my own Economical inclination but upon the restraints thrown upon me by me associations with the boys before mentioned, by my promise \u0026amp; resolutions \u0026amp; the conditions upon which I go, as well by my actual knowledge of Pa's embarrassments. As to the time which elapses between this \u0026amp; the commencement of the session. I can spend that at the University preparing to enter even in Staunton- with Aunt Martha- or I could stay here \u0026amp; study until the session commences there. Pa can best decide as to that and indeed he is the best judge of the propriety of my going to the University at all; but of this I am certain that could he be here and know all the circumstances connected with my staying or going that he would not hesitate one moment to send me away from here. Give my best to Pa, \u0026amp; to sister Jane, Bethe \u0026amp; [?] \u0026amp; believe me to be in great haste your affectionate brother, Alexander\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eP.S. Be sure to ask Pa to grant my request in relation to this matter. I forgot to see about that gown- one like Mr. Kent's.  I would like to have one.  If it does not cost more than it is worth.  If Sister J. has one made for me, let it be a cheap substantial one - wadded heavily.  Tell Sister J. I will write to her by the next mail.  Excuse my writing in this letter so much about the University but it is now uppermost in my thoughts.  I would rather go to Wythe, I believe, than anywhere's else - if you had a good College there.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington Sept 20th 1846","Dear Sister\nI received your letter on the 15th ultimo, and in compliance with your request, have taken my oen to tell you about your relations \u0026 friends in Lexington. I have been at Uncle E's several times and at Cousin Edward's and they are so kind to me that my homesickness has \"departed this life\". Indeed I do not think I was ever better contented than I am now.\nI visit only my relations, not having been here long enough to make any other acquaintances. I am getting on finely with my studies, my mark being 6 ¾, 7 being perfection. Young Holcombe \u0026 myself went yesterday to Aunt Peggy's where we had quite a pleasant time of it. I had the fortune to meet with Mrs. Duke there who had returned from Charlottesville on Friday. Mr. Duke was not with her, being detained in Charlottesville. He is teaching school there, but has only seven scholars. She is quite well and says she likes Charlottesville very much. The Bell for Dr. Ruffner's lecture is just ringing and I must lay my pen aside until I attend that. I will resume my letter as soon as it is over.","As the morning's lecture was merely introductory to a course of lectures on \"Evidences of Christianity\" it was very short and did not detain me long and I am again at my desk, so I'll finish what I was at. Cousin Francis is well and says she is very sorry she cannot see you before she returns to the South, which she intends doing Monday week she leaves her two sons, however, at Uncle E's for the purpose of having them educated in Virginia. They are very smart and uncommonly fine looking. Virginia Eskridge must be \"cracked\" or something else is out of place in her noodle, for I have been there three times and have not been able to get a glimpse of her. Aunt Peggy says she is unwell, but others say she sometimes takes it into her head that she will see no one. I see no temptation whatever to be dissipated in Lexington, but it has confirmed me in the opinion that \"men make their own temptations.\" I have joined the Cincinnati class and the only objection I have to it is it makes my shoulders extremely tired for they make you hold you had up and \"walk\" as well as stand straight. I like it very much and I know it will improve my figure and will have the effect of rendering my breast less prominent for a cadet was there last session whose breast was like mine and he was almost entirely cured. When I received Pa's letter I was speaking to some of the students about purchasing books, the elder Holcombe said that he had a great many books he didn't need, which he would let me have at a reduced price. I immediately purchased what I wanted. Two weeks hence you may expect that nice letter and if you do not acknowledge that it is well written it will be because you are no judge. I am sorry to say I have no shoes to wear, except my two fine pair. My boots I am keeping for the snow. I told you when I was at home that my thick shoes hurt my feet I had them greased however and wore them to Drill and they hurt my feet so much that for a day or two I could hardly permit a slipper on my foot. You know I have corns. So if you please send me a strong pair of shoes. Have them made large. This is my only request, as for money, I have plenty although my uniform costs me 27 dollars. All are well. Mat unites with me in sending love to you all. Give my respects to Maria \u0026 James and believe me to be your affectionate brother. A.S. Brown","Lexington, Sept 7th 1848","My dear Sister\nSince my letter to Pa, I have been more dissatisfied, more discouraged. Things here have taken a change for the worse instead of for the better. Our number of Students is still small \u0026 no professor has been elected to fill Prof. Ewell's place. The trustees met on yesterday and the result of their proceeding was that they will not meet again until the middle of November to elect a professor of Mathematics. They elected as President a Dr. Jenkins, a minister, about whom I know nothing except that he is president of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, that there is not an absolute certainty about his acceptance of the Office and very little probability of his entering upon his duties before the first of February. Pro. Ewell will go away in the course of five or six weeks \u0026 we will doubtless have Prof. Calhoun as a Mathematician, who is not fit to teach Boys in Arithmetic. I have not yet entered College \u0026 do not wish to enter, because I believe to remain here will be a waste of time \u0026 money. It is too late to go to Princeton or Yale, but not to go to the University. I have examined the Catalogue \u0026 have information obtained from University Students who say that 35 dollars will be sufficient to take me there for one year. I do not now touch Spirits or Cards so that I am not fearful of indulging in either at the University. A great many of my acquaintances in town are going; but what is the greatest inducement is that three students from this College who came here this session, dissatisfied with the place, will go on to the University. One is a classmate of mine, a Mr. Kyle from Botetourt, a very studious, economical \u0026 industrious fellow. Another is a young Hogshead from Middlebrook who stands first in the Junior Class who is remarkably smart \u0026 economical. As proof of the latter quality I can say that his expenses here last year were 230 dollars only. He studies all the time and is one of the best friends I ever had. He had been on the most intimate terms with me ever since I knew him. He \u0026 I will room together here if I go. He will neither touch spirits or play cards \u0026 is going with a determination to spend nothing that he cannot help. He declares he won't stay here. The other is a member of the Sophomore Class- the best Latin scholar in his class- can talk French finely \u0026 neither touches spirits or plays cards. They as well as I (if I go) will go with a determination to study hard \u0026 to be economical I want to go because I believe I can enter the University with more advantage this year than next \u0026 because I think staying here this year will be a great loss to me. Sister, I want you to use your influence with Pa for I want to go \u0026 if I do go- depend on it, I shall study hard \u0026 spend little. The last I am certain of not depending on my own Economical inclination but upon the restraints thrown upon me by me associations with the boys before mentioned, by my promise \u0026 resolutions \u0026 the conditions upon which I go, as well by my actual knowledge of Pa's embarrassments. As to the time which elapses between this \u0026 the commencement of the session. I can spend that at the University preparing to enter even in Staunton- with Aunt Martha- or I could stay here \u0026 study until the session commences there. Pa can best decide as to that and indeed he is the best judge of the propriety of my going to the University at all; but of this I am certain that could he be here and know all the circumstances connected with my staying or going that he would not hesitate one moment to send me away from here. Give my best to Pa, \u0026 to sister Jane, Bethe \u0026 [?] \u0026 believe me to be in great haste your affectionate brother, Alexander","P.S. Be sure to ask Pa to grant my request in relation to this matter. I forgot to see about that gown- one like Mr. Kent's.  I would like to have one.  If it does not cost more than it is worth.  If Sister J. has one made for me, let it be a cheap substantial one - wadded heavily.  Tell Sister J. I will write to her by the next mail.  Excuse my writing in this letter so much about the University but it is now uppermost in my thoughts.  I would rather go to Wythe, I believe, than anywhere's else - if you had a good College there."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander S. Brown letters, 1846-1848. MS 0217. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846-1848. MS 0217. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. The letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter expresses Alexander S. Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. The letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter expresses Alexander S. Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3ca0c8ef1ecf3cd2a0ce92b90f48d58a\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_303.xml","title_ssm":["Alexander S. Brown letters"],"title_tesim":["Alexander S. Brown letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1848"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1848"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1848"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848"],"text":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848","MS.0217","/repositories/3/resources/303","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Alexander Stuart Brown was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He graduated from Washington College in 1849 and went on to become a lawyer. Brown's father and grandfather also attended Washington College. Brown died on April 8, 1859.","Lexington Sept 20th 1846","Dear Sister\nI received your letter on the 15th ultimo, and in compliance with your request, have taken my oen to tell you about your relations \u0026 friends in Lexington. I have been at Uncle E's several times and at Cousin Edward's and they are so kind to me that my homesickness has \"departed this life\". Indeed I do not think I was ever better contented than I am now.\nI visit only my relations, not having been here long enough to make any other acquaintances. I am getting on finely with my studies, my mark being 6 ¾, 7 being perfection. Young Holcombe \u0026 myself went yesterday to Aunt Peggy's where we had quite a pleasant time of it. I had the fortune to meet with Mrs. Duke there who had returned from Charlottesville on Friday. Mr. Duke was not with her, being detained in Charlottesville. He is teaching school there, but has only seven scholars. She is quite well and says she likes Charlottesville very much. The Bell for Dr. Ruffner's lecture is just ringing and I must lay my pen aside until I attend that. I will resume my letter as soon as it is over.","As the morning's lecture was merely introductory to a course of lectures on \"Evidences of Christianity\" it was very short and did not detain me long and I am again at my desk, so I'll finish what I was at. Cousin Francis is well and says she is very sorry she cannot see you before she returns to the South, which she intends doing Monday week she leaves her two sons, however, at Uncle E's for the purpose of having them educated in Virginia. They are very smart and uncommonly fine looking. Virginia Eskridge must be \"cracked\" or something else is out of place in her noodle, for I have been there three times and have not been able to get a glimpse of her. Aunt Peggy says she is unwell, but others say she sometimes takes it into her head that she will see no one. I see no temptation whatever to be dissipated in Lexington, but it has confirmed me in the opinion that \"men make their own temptations.\" I have joined the Cincinnati class and the only objection I have to it is it makes my shoulders extremely tired for they make you hold you had up and \"walk\" as well as stand straight. I like it very much and I know it will improve my figure and will have the effect of rendering my breast less prominent for a cadet was there last session whose breast was like mine and he was almost entirely cured. When I received Pa's letter I was speaking to some of the students about purchasing books, the elder Holcombe said that he had a great many books he didn't need, which he would let me have at a reduced price. I immediately purchased what I wanted. Two weeks hence you may expect that nice letter and if you do not acknowledge that it is well written it will be because you are no judge. I am sorry to say I have no shoes to wear, except my two fine pair. My boots I am keeping for the snow. I told you when I was at home that my thick shoes hurt my feet I had them greased however and wore them to Drill and they hurt my feet so much that for a day or two I could hardly permit a slipper on my foot. You know I have corns. So if you please send me a strong pair of shoes. Have them made large. This is my only request, as for money, I have plenty although my uniform costs me 27 dollars. All are well. Mat unites with me in sending love to you all. Give my respects to Maria \u0026 James and believe me to be your affectionate brother. A.S. Brown","Lexington, Sept 7th 1848","My dear Sister\nSince my letter to Pa, I have been more dissatisfied, more discouraged. Things here have taken a change for the worse instead of for the better. Our number of Students is still small \u0026 no professor has been elected to fill Prof. Ewell's place. The trustees met on yesterday and the result of their proceeding was that they will not meet again until the middle of November to elect a professor of Mathematics. They elected as President a Dr. Jenkins, a minister, about whom I know nothing except that he is president of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, that there is not an absolute certainty about his acceptance of the Office and very little probability of his entering upon his duties before the first of February. Pro. Ewell will go away in the course of five or six weeks \u0026 we will doubtless have Prof. Calhoun as a Mathematician, who is not fit to teach Boys in Arithmetic. I have not yet entered College \u0026 do not wish to enter, because I believe to remain here will be a waste of time \u0026 money. It is too late to go to Princeton or Yale, but not to go to the University. I have examined the Catalogue \u0026 have information obtained from University Students who say that 35 dollars will be sufficient to take me there for one year. I do not now touch Spirits or Cards so that I am not fearful of indulging in either at the University. A great many of my acquaintances in town are going; but what is the greatest inducement is that three students from this College who came here this session, dissatisfied with the place, will go on to the University. One is a classmate of mine, a Mr. Kyle from Botetourt, a very studious, economical \u0026 industrious fellow. Another is a young Hogshead from Middlebrook who stands first in the Junior Class who is remarkably smart \u0026 economical. As proof of the latter quality I can say that his expenses here last year were 230 dollars only. He studies all the time and is one of the best friends I ever had. He had been on the most intimate terms with me ever since I knew him. He \u0026 I will room together here if I go. He will neither touch spirits or play cards \u0026 is going with a determination to spend nothing that he cannot help. He declares he won't stay here. The other is a member of the Sophomore Class- the best Latin scholar in his class- can talk French finely \u0026 neither touches spirits or plays cards. They as well as I (if I go) will go with a determination to study hard \u0026 to be economical I want to go because I believe I can enter the University with more advantage this year than next \u0026 because I think staying here this year will be a great loss to me. Sister, I want you to use your influence with Pa for I want to go \u0026 if I do go- depend on it, I shall study hard \u0026 spend little. The last I am certain of not depending on my own Economical inclination but upon the restraints thrown upon me by me associations with the boys before mentioned, by my promise \u0026 resolutions \u0026 the conditions upon which I go, as well by my actual knowledge of Pa's embarrassments. As to the time which elapses between this \u0026 the commencement of the session. I can spend that at the University preparing to enter even in Staunton- with Aunt Martha- or I could stay here \u0026 study until the session commences there. Pa can best decide as to that and indeed he is the best judge of the propriety of my going to the University at all; but of this I am certain that could he be here and know all the circumstances connected with my staying or going that he would not hesitate one moment to send me away from here. Give my best to Pa, \u0026 to sister Jane, Bethe \u0026 [?] \u0026 believe me to be in great haste your affectionate brother, Alexander","P.S. Be sure to ask Pa to grant my request in relation to this matter. I forgot to see about that gown- one like Mr. Kent's.  I would like to have one.  If it does not cost more than it is worth.  If Sister J. has one made for me, let it be a cheap substantial one - wadded heavily.  Tell Sister J. I will write to her by the next mail.  Excuse my writing in this letter so much about the University but it is now uppermost in my thoughts.  I would rather go to Wythe, I believe, than anywhere's else - if you had a good College there.","This collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. The letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter expresses Alexander S. Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846/1848"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0217","/repositories/3/resources/303"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0217","/repositories/3/resources/303"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"creator_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)–Students","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 items"],"extent_tesim":["2 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Stuart Brown was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He graduated from Washington College in 1849 and went on to become a lawyer. Brown's father and grandfather also attended Washington College. Brown died on April 8, 1859.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Stuart Brown was born in Wythe County, Virginia. He graduated from Washington College in 1849 and went on to become a lawyer. Brown's father and grandfather also attended Washington College. Brown died on April 8, 1859."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington Sept 20th 1846\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your letter on the 15th ultimo, and in compliance with your request, have taken my oen to tell you about your relations \u0026amp; friends in Lexington. I have been at Uncle E's several times and at Cousin Edward's and they are so kind to me that my homesickness has \"departed this life\". Indeed I do not think I was ever better contented than I am now.\nI visit only my relations, not having been here long enough to make any other acquaintances. I am getting on finely with my studies, my mark being 6 ¾, 7 being perfection. Young Holcombe \u0026amp; myself went yesterday to Aunt Peggy's where we had quite a pleasant time of it. I had the fortune to meet with Mrs. Duke there who had returned from Charlottesville on Friday. Mr. Duke was not with her, being detained in Charlottesville. He is teaching school there, but has only seven scholars. She is quite well and says she likes Charlottesville very much. The Bell for Dr. Ruffner's lecture is just ringing and I must lay my pen aside until I attend that. I will resume my letter as soon as it is over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the morning's lecture was merely introductory to a course of lectures on \"Evidences of Christianity\" it was very short and did not detain me long and I am again at my desk, so I'll finish what I was at. Cousin Francis is well and says she is very sorry she cannot see you before she returns to the South, which she intends doing Monday week she leaves her two sons, however, at Uncle E's for the purpose of having them educated in Virginia. They are very smart and uncommonly fine looking. Virginia Eskridge must be \"cracked\" or something else is out of place in her noodle, for I have been there three times and have not been able to get a glimpse of her. Aunt Peggy says she is unwell, but others say she sometimes takes it into her head that she will see no one. I see no temptation whatever to be dissipated in Lexington, but it has confirmed me in the opinion that \"men make their own temptations.\" I have joined the Cincinnati class and the only objection I have to it is it makes my shoulders extremely tired for they make you hold you had up and \"walk\" as well as stand straight. I like it very much and I know it will improve my figure and will have the effect of rendering my breast less prominent for a cadet was there last session whose breast was like mine and he was almost entirely cured. When I received Pa's letter I was speaking to some of the students about purchasing books, the elder Holcombe said that he had a great many books he didn't need, which he would let me have at a reduced price. I immediately purchased what I wanted. Two weeks hence you may expect that nice letter and if you do not acknowledge that it is well written it will be because you are no judge. I am sorry to say I have no shoes to wear, except my two fine pair. My boots I am keeping for the snow. I told you when I was at home that my thick shoes hurt my feet I had them greased however and wore them to Drill and they hurt my feet so much that for a day or two I could hardly permit a slipper on my foot. You know I have corns. So if you please send me a strong pair of shoes. Have them made large. This is my only request, as for money, I have plenty although my uniform costs me 27 dollars. All are well. Mat unites with me in sending love to you all. Give my respects to Maria \u0026amp; James and believe me to be your affectionate brother. A.S. Brown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Sept 7th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nSince my letter to Pa, I have been more dissatisfied, more discouraged. Things here have taken a change for the worse instead of for the better. Our number of Students is still small \u0026amp; no professor has been elected to fill Prof. Ewell's place. The trustees met on yesterday and the result of their proceeding was that they will not meet again until the middle of November to elect a professor of Mathematics. They elected as President a Dr. Jenkins, a minister, about whom I know nothing except that he is president of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, that there is not an absolute certainty about his acceptance of the Office and very little probability of his entering upon his duties before the first of February. Pro. Ewell will go away in the course of five or six weeks \u0026amp; we will doubtless have Prof. Calhoun as a Mathematician, who is not fit to teach Boys in Arithmetic. I have not yet entered College \u0026amp; do not wish to enter, because I believe to remain here will be a waste of time \u0026amp; money. It is too late to go to Princeton or Yale, but not to go to the University. I have examined the Catalogue \u0026amp; have information obtained from University Students who say that 35 dollars will be sufficient to take me there for one year. I do not now touch Spirits or Cards so that I am not fearful of indulging in either at the University. A great many of my acquaintances in town are going; but what is the greatest inducement is that three students from this College who came here this session, dissatisfied with the place, will go on to the University. One is a classmate of mine, a Mr. Kyle from Botetourt, a very studious, economical \u0026amp; industrious fellow. Another is a young Hogshead from Middlebrook who stands first in the Junior Class who is remarkably smart \u0026amp; economical. As proof of the latter quality I can say that his expenses here last year were 230 dollars only. He studies all the time and is one of the best friends I ever had. He had been on the most intimate terms with me ever since I knew him. He \u0026amp; I will room together here if I go. He will neither touch spirits or play cards \u0026amp; is going with a determination to spend nothing that he cannot help. He declares he won't stay here. The other is a member of the Sophomore Class- the best Latin scholar in his class- can talk French finely \u0026amp; neither touches spirits or plays cards. They as well as I (if I go) will go with a determination to study hard \u0026amp; to be economical I want to go because I believe I can enter the University with more advantage this year than next \u0026amp; because I think staying here this year will be a great loss to me. Sister, I want you to use your influence with Pa for I want to go \u0026amp; if I do go- depend on it, I shall study hard \u0026amp; spend little. The last I am certain of not depending on my own Economical inclination but upon the restraints thrown upon me by me associations with the boys before mentioned, by my promise \u0026amp; resolutions \u0026amp; the conditions upon which I go, as well by my actual knowledge of Pa's embarrassments. As to the time which elapses between this \u0026amp; the commencement of the session. I can spend that at the University preparing to enter even in Staunton- with Aunt Martha- or I could stay here \u0026amp; study until the session commences there. Pa can best decide as to that and indeed he is the best judge of the propriety of my going to the University at all; but of this I am certain that could he be here and know all the circumstances connected with my staying or going that he would not hesitate one moment to send me away from here. Give my best to Pa, \u0026amp; to sister Jane, Bethe \u0026amp; [?] \u0026amp; believe me to be in great haste your affectionate brother, Alexander\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eP.S. Be sure to ask Pa to grant my request in relation to this matter. I forgot to see about that gown- one like Mr. Kent's.  I would like to have one.  If it does not cost more than it is worth.  If Sister J. has one made for me, let it be a cheap substantial one - wadded heavily.  Tell Sister J. I will write to her by the next mail.  Excuse my writing in this letter so much about the University but it is now uppermost in my thoughts.  I would rather go to Wythe, I believe, than anywhere's else - if you had a good College there.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington Sept 20th 1846","Dear Sister\nI received your letter on the 15th ultimo, and in compliance with your request, have taken my oen to tell you about your relations \u0026 friends in Lexington. I have been at Uncle E's several times and at Cousin Edward's and they are so kind to me that my homesickness has \"departed this life\". Indeed I do not think I was ever better contented than I am now.\nI visit only my relations, not having been here long enough to make any other acquaintances. I am getting on finely with my studies, my mark being 6 ¾, 7 being perfection. Young Holcombe \u0026 myself went yesterday to Aunt Peggy's where we had quite a pleasant time of it. I had the fortune to meet with Mrs. Duke there who had returned from Charlottesville on Friday. Mr. Duke was not with her, being detained in Charlottesville. He is teaching school there, but has only seven scholars. She is quite well and says she likes Charlottesville very much. The Bell for Dr. Ruffner's lecture is just ringing and I must lay my pen aside until I attend that. I will resume my letter as soon as it is over.","As the morning's lecture was merely introductory to a course of lectures on \"Evidences of Christianity\" it was very short and did not detain me long and I am again at my desk, so I'll finish what I was at. Cousin Francis is well and says she is very sorry she cannot see you before she returns to the South, which she intends doing Monday week she leaves her two sons, however, at Uncle E's for the purpose of having them educated in Virginia. They are very smart and uncommonly fine looking. Virginia Eskridge must be \"cracked\" or something else is out of place in her noodle, for I have been there three times and have not been able to get a glimpse of her. Aunt Peggy says she is unwell, but others say she sometimes takes it into her head that she will see no one. I see no temptation whatever to be dissipated in Lexington, but it has confirmed me in the opinion that \"men make their own temptations.\" I have joined the Cincinnati class and the only objection I have to it is it makes my shoulders extremely tired for they make you hold you had up and \"walk\" as well as stand straight. I like it very much and I know it will improve my figure and will have the effect of rendering my breast less prominent for a cadet was there last session whose breast was like mine and he was almost entirely cured. When I received Pa's letter I was speaking to some of the students about purchasing books, the elder Holcombe said that he had a great many books he didn't need, which he would let me have at a reduced price. I immediately purchased what I wanted. Two weeks hence you may expect that nice letter and if you do not acknowledge that it is well written it will be because you are no judge. I am sorry to say I have no shoes to wear, except my two fine pair. My boots I am keeping for the snow. I told you when I was at home that my thick shoes hurt my feet I had them greased however and wore them to Drill and they hurt my feet so much that for a day or two I could hardly permit a slipper on my foot. You know I have corns. So if you please send me a strong pair of shoes. Have them made large. This is my only request, as for money, I have plenty although my uniform costs me 27 dollars. All are well. Mat unites with me in sending love to you all. Give my respects to Maria \u0026 James and believe me to be your affectionate brother. A.S. Brown","Lexington, Sept 7th 1848","My dear Sister\nSince my letter to Pa, I have been more dissatisfied, more discouraged. Things here have taken a change for the worse instead of for the better. Our number of Students is still small \u0026 no professor has been elected to fill Prof. Ewell's place. The trustees met on yesterday and the result of their proceeding was that they will not meet again until the middle of November to elect a professor of Mathematics. They elected as President a Dr. Jenkins, a minister, about whom I know nothing except that he is president of Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, that there is not an absolute certainty about his acceptance of the Office and very little probability of his entering upon his duties before the first of February. Pro. Ewell will go away in the course of five or six weeks \u0026 we will doubtless have Prof. Calhoun as a Mathematician, who is not fit to teach Boys in Arithmetic. I have not yet entered College \u0026 do not wish to enter, because I believe to remain here will be a waste of time \u0026 money. It is too late to go to Princeton or Yale, but not to go to the University. I have examined the Catalogue \u0026 have information obtained from University Students who say that 35 dollars will be sufficient to take me there for one year. I do not now touch Spirits or Cards so that I am not fearful of indulging in either at the University. A great many of my acquaintances in town are going; but what is the greatest inducement is that three students from this College who came here this session, dissatisfied with the place, will go on to the University. One is a classmate of mine, a Mr. Kyle from Botetourt, a very studious, economical \u0026 industrious fellow. Another is a young Hogshead from Middlebrook who stands first in the Junior Class who is remarkably smart \u0026 economical. As proof of the latter quality I can say that his expenses here last year were 230 dollars only. He studies all the time and is one of the best friends I ever had. He had been on the most intimate terms with me ever since I knew him. He \u0026 I will room together here if I go. He will neither touch spirits or play cards \u0026 is going with a determination to spend nothing that he cannot help. He declares he won't stay here. The other is a member of the Sophomore Class- the best Latin scholar in his class- can talk French finely \u0026 neither touches spirits or plays cards. They as well as I (if I go) will go with a determination to study hard \u0026 to be economical I want to go because I believe I can enter the University with more advantage this year than next \u0026 because I think staying here this year will be a great loss to me. Sister, I want you to use your influence with Pa for I want to go \u0026 if I do go- depend on it, I shall study hard \u0026 spend little. The last I am certain of not depending on my own Economical inclination but upon the restraints thrown upon me by me associations with the boys before mentioned, by my promise \u0026 resolutions \u0026 the conditions upon which I go, as well by my actual knowledge of Pa's embarrassments. As to the time which elapses between this \u0026 the commencement of the session. I can spend that at the University preparing to enter even in Staunton- with Aunt Martha- or I could stay here \u0026 study until the session commences there. Pa can best decide as to that and indeed he is the best judge of the propriety of my going to the University at all; but of this I am certain that could he be here and know all the circumstances connected with my staying or going that he would not hesitate one moment to send me away from here. Give my best to Pa, \u0026 to sister Jane, Bethe \u0026 [?] \u0026 believe me to be in great haste your affectionate brother, Alexander","P.S. Be sure to ask Pa to grant my request in relation to this matter. I forgot to see about that gown- one like Mr. Kent's.  I would like to have one.  If it does not cost more than it is worth.  If Sister J. has one made for me, let it be a cheap substantial one - wadded heavily.  Tell Sister J. I will write to her by the next mail.  Excuse my writing in this letter so much about the University but it is now uppermost in my thoughts.  I would rather go to Wythe, I believe, than anywhere's else - if you had a good College there."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander S. Brown letters, 1846-1848. MS 0217. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexander S. Brown letters, 1846-1848. MS 0217. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. The letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter expresses Alexander S. Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two letters from Washington College (now Washington and Lee) student Alexander S. Brown to his sister, dated September 20, 1846 and September 7, 1848. The 1846 letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff. The 1848 letter expresses Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. The letter mentions the Cincinnati military class, in which Washington College students participated in military training conducted by VMI staff.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter expresses Alexander S. Brown's dissatisfaction with Washington College and a desire to transfer to another school."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3ca0c8ef1ecf3cd2a0ce92b90f48d58a\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brown, Alexander S. (Alexander Stuart), ?-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_303"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Bank of Lexington check, 1870","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCheck payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","parent_ssim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bank of Lexington check","title_ssm":["Bank of Lexington check"],"title_tesim":["Bank of Lexington check"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bank of Lexington check, 1870"],"text":["Bank of Lexington check, 1870","Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lexington (Va.)—History","Financial records","English.","Check payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\""],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1870 January 16"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":8,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918"],"names_ssim":["Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Financial records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Financial records"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1870],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCheck payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Check payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\""],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_319.xml","title_ssm":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1926"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1779/1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"text":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926","MS.0237","/repositories/3/resources/319","Generals—Confederate States of America","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","There are no restrictions.","Haverstraw [New York]. July 7th, 1779","I received your letter of May 30th and its duplicate both yesterday.  I communicated the matter you wish to be concluded to Gen. Greene last winter when settling my accounts in hopes that a settlement with the Commissary department might have then taken place.","You was not in camp, or I should have waited on your office.  I will pay the money received from Mr. Aylett for the purpose of purchasing horses to your order and accommodate its account in any manner most convenient to you.  Myself \u0026 officers have during the last campaign expending some several sums in support of our troops when detached.  Will you please to inform me, whether this can be repaid, and by whom.\nI am Sir\nYour most obedient servant,\nHenry Lee","The original letter is currently on loan to another institution.","The Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers consist of the personal papers of Robert E. Lee and Mary Custis Lee, including documents bearing their signatures. The papers also include one one letter (dated February 1926) from Mrs. William A. Anderson to Sydney B. Williamson that relates the history of a quilt made by Mary Custis Lee that was donated to the VMI Museum.","In addition, there is one letter (dated July 7, 1779) from Henry Lee III (Light Horse Harry), the father of Robert E. Lee.","Written from Haverstraw, New York. Letter regards settling of various accounts for horses and supplies.","Letter regards family news and a gift that Robert E. Lee is sending to his namesake Robert Lee Mercer. Includes envelope.","Four receipts signed by Robert E. Lee dating from his United States Army career.","General Order Number 1 signed by Major General Robert E. Lee, in which he assumes command of military forces in Virginia.","Written from Charleston, South Carolina. The letter regards William H. Stiles' request for Robert E. Lee to help his son receive a military appointment.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards business matters.","Letter is a reply to an inquiry from a parent of a prospective student at Washington College.","Check payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\"","Notecard written by Mary Custis Lee that presents buttons to VMI.","Letter concerns the history of the quilt created by Mary Custis Lee that was donated to the VMI Museum. The quilt itself is located in the VMI Museum collection.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Museum","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818","Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 1743-1804","Mercer, Hugh W., Mrs. (Mary?)","Stiles, William H.","Longstreet, James, 1821-1904","Anderson, William A., Mrs.","Williamson, Sydney B. (Sydney Bacon), 1865-1939","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779/1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0237","/repositories/3/resources/319"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0237","/repositories/3/resources/319"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818","Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 1743-1804","Mercer, Hugh W., Mrs. (Mary?)","Stiles, William H.","Longstreet, James, 1821-1904","Anderson, William A., Mrs.","Williamson, Sydney B. (Sydney Bacon), 1865-1939"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818","Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 1743-1804","Mercer, Hugh W., Mrs. (Mary?)","Stiles, William H.","Longstreet, James, 1821-1904","Anderson, William A., Mrs.","Williamson, Sydney B. (Sydney Bacon), 1865-1939","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Museum"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Generals—Confederate States of America","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Generals—Confederate States of America","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 items"],"extent_tesim":["14 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHaverstraw [New York]. July 7th, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI received your letter of May 30th and its duplicate both yesterday.  I communicated the matter you wish to be concluded to Gen. Greene last winter when settling my accounts in hopes that a settlement with the Commissary department might have then taken place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou was not in camp, or I should have waited on your office.  I will pay the money received from Mr. Aylett for the purpose of purchasing horses to your order and accommodate its account in any manner most convenient to you.  Myself \u0026amp; officers have during the last campaign expending some several sums in support of our troops when detached.  Will you please to inform me, whether this can be repaid, and by whom.\u003cbr\u003e\nI am Sir\u003cbr\u003e\nYour most obedient servant,\u003cbr\u003e\nHenry Lee\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Haverstraw [New York]. July 7th, 1779","I received your letter of May 30th and its duplicate both yesterday.  I communicated the matter you wish to be concluded to Gen. Greene last winter when settling my accounts in hopes that a settlement with the Commissary department might have then taken place.","You was not in camp, or I should have waited on your office.  I will pay the money received from Mr. Aylett for the purpose of purchasing horses to your order and accommodate its account in any manner most convenient to you.  Myself \u0026 officers have during the last campaign expending some several sums in support of our troops when detached.  Will you please to inform me, whether this can be repaid, and by whom.\nI am Sir\nYour most obedient servant,\nHenry Lee"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original letter is currently on loan to another institution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The original letter is currently on loan to another institution."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779-1926. MS 0237. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers, 1779-1926. MS 0237. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers consist of the personal papers of Robert E. Lee and Mary Custis Lee, including documents bearing their signatures. The papers also include one one letter (dated February 1926) from Mrs. William A. 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Lee to help his son receive a military appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards business matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter is a reply to an inquiry from a parent of a prospective student at Washington College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCheck payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotecard written by Mary Custis Lee that presents buttons to VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter concerns the history of the quilt created by Mary Custis Lee that was donated to the VMI Museum. The quilt itself is located in the VMI Museum collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert E. Lee and Lee Family papers consist of the personal papers of Robert E. Lee and Mary Custis Lee, including documents bearing their signatures. The papers also include one one letter (dated February 1926) from Mrs. William A. Anderson to Sydney B. Williamson that relates the history of a quilt made by Mary Custis Lee that was donated to the VMI Museum.","In addition, there is one letter (dated July 7, 1779) from Henry Lee III (Light Horse Harry), the father of Robert E. Lee.","Written from Haverstraw, New York. Letter regards settling of various accounts for horses and supplies.","Letter regards family news and a gift that Robert E. Lee is sending to his namesake Robert Lee Mercer. Includes envelope.","Four receipts signed by Robert E. Lee dating from his United States Army career.","General Order Number 1 signed by Major General Robert E. Lee, in which he assumes command of military forces in Virginia.","Written from Charleston, South Carolina. The letter regards William H. Stiles' request for Robert E. Lee to help his son receive a military appointment.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards business matters.","Letter is a reply to an inquiry from a parent of a prospective student at Washington College.","Check payable to Mary Custis Lee. Endorsed on verso, \"Pay to Mrs. Figgatt, M. C. Lee\"","Notecard written by Mary Custis Lee that presents buttons to VMI.","Letter concerns the history of the quilt created by Mary Custis Lee that was donated to the VMI Museum. The quilt itself is located in the VMI Museum collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_af9687ce4e94f94e7ea26136071b7910\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Museum"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818","Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 1743-1804","Mercer, Hugh W., Mrs. (Mary?)","Stiles, William H.","Longstreet, James, 1821-1904","Anderson, William A., Mrs.","Williamson, Sydney B. (Sydney Bacon), 1865-1939"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Museum","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","Lee, Henry, III, 1756-1818","Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 1743-1804","Mercer, Hugh W., Mrs. (Mary?)","Stiles, William H.","Longstreet, James, 1821-1904","Anderson, William A., Mrs.","Williamson, Sydney B. (Sydney Bacon), 1865-1939"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_319_c08"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01_c128","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Chamber of Commerce Rockbridge County travel promotion [dvd], 1938","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01_c128#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01_c128","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01_c128"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01_c128","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01","parent_ssim":["Video Collections, 1930/1980","VMI topics and events DVD collection"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Chamber of Commerce Rockbridge County travel promotion [dvd]","title_ssm":["Chamber of Commerce Rockbridge County travel promotion [dvd]"],"title_tesim":["Chamber of Commerce Rockbridge County travel promotion [dvd]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chamber of Commerce Rockbridge County travel promotion [dvd], 1938"],"text":["Chamber of Commerce Rockbridge County travel promotion [dvd], 1938","Video Collections, 1930/1980","VMI topics and events DVD collection","box 03","Media Case/Sleeve 130","Rockbridge County (Va.)—History","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1930-1939","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Video Collections, 1930/1980","VMI topics and events DVD collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Video Collections, 1930/1980","VMI topics and events DVD collection"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1938"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":129,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Video Collections, 1930/1980"],"containers_ssim":["box 03","Media Case/Sleeve 130"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Rockbridge County (Va.)—History","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1930-1939"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Rockbridge County (Va.)—History","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1930-1939"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1938],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#127","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_726","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_726.xml","title_ssm":["Video Collections"],"title_tesim":["Video Collections"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930's - [ongoing]; bulk after 1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930's - [ongoing]; bulk after 1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Video Collections, 1930/1980"],"text":["Video Collections, 1930/1980","AV.Video","/repositories/3/resources/726","Virginia Military Institute—Special events","Virginia Military Institute -- Finals -- 21st century","Virginia Military Institute—History—20th century","Virginia Military Institute—History—21st century","DVDs","Videotapes","This collection includes various formats, including film, VHS videotape and dvd. Some formats are not accessible at this time and are awaiting digital conversion.","There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","This material is copyrighted.","Contains copyright protected material. This material may not be copied or redistributed.","There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions.","An MP4 format file has been created from the DVD file and is located on  Archives electronic files preservation network drive","This collection is arranged chronologically by year.","30th Commandant, U. S. Marine Corps","This was the first VMI commencement exercise to include female graduates. The first group of women to matriculate in 1997 included a few transfer students who were able to graduate after two years because of advanced academic standing at enrollment.","On the occasion of the VMI vs. Liberty football game","Stephen L. Carter is the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale, where he has taught since 1982.","Lt. Terry Plunk was killed in action during Operation Desert Storm.","VMI Bugler Wilbur Swihart, known as \"Bill the Bugler\". He was the subject of a CBS news \"On the Road with Charles Kuralt\" story.","Lt. Terry Plunk was killed in action during Operation Desert Storm.","Mark Alexander Milley is a United States Army officer. A four-star general, he is the 39th Chief of Staff of the Army.","The U. S. Supreme Court ruled against the Institute's all male admission policy in 1996, and the first women were enrolled at VMI in the fall of 1997.","Louis S. Welker (Class of 1972) produced the film during his third and second class years (1970-1971).  David Hall (Class of 1972) wrote the narration and narrated the film.  The film was subsequently used for several years by the VMI Admissions Office to assist with cadet recruiting.","3 copies","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This collection was originally in VHS videotape format and has been converted to DVD format.","Photograph of Ambassador Young receiving the Daniels Award","Background information about the Tick Rover Robot project is found online in the September 2013 issue of the Institute Report.","A collection of videos (some amateur, some professional) documenting special events such as matriculation, Ring Figure, graduation, speeches, and other topics relating to VMI activities and cadet life.  The bulk of this collection dates from the 1980's forward, although a few date from an earlier period.","John O. Marsh, Jr. receives the New Market Medal.","The graduation speaker was Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense.","Video of speech about Civil Rights activist Jonathan M. Daniels by Ruby Sales, given in Lexington, Virginia at the Robert E. Lee Episcopal Church. Daniels saved Sale's life in 1965.","Ambassador Andrew Young receives the second Jonathan M. Daniels '61 Humanitarian Award at VMI on March 23, 2006","Events of the weekend honoring football coach John McKenna. Includes members of his winning teams who returned to VMI for the event; McKenna and others speaking during celebratory dinner","Cadets whose articles were published in volume 1 of New Horizons talk about their research","Ceremony honoring Daniels.  Speakers include Superintendent Josiah Bunting III; E. Cabell Brand, who presents a painting and book to the Promaji Club; and the Dean of the Canterbury Cathedral the Very Reverend John A. Simpson.","Official breakout video for Class of 2004.  Includes significant events in the months prior to Breakout, including matriculation, new cadet oath at New Market and speech by John O. Marsh Jr., football game.  Breakout scenes follow, including marches and other activities and climb up muddy hill (a practice since discontinued).  Video culminates with ceremony in Barracks courtyard.","Various speeches to cadets and other VMI audiences from 19-200x. 2 disks.","Disk 1 Content","Disk 1 contentCadre member Cadet Anthony Peters (Class of 2004) addresses incoming Rats, August 2003COL Eric Hutchings Keydet Club speech, June 2000SGT MAJ Al Hockaday addresses the Class of 2004 at Breakout, Feb 2001BG Alan Farrell addresses Class of 2005 at their Ring Figure dinner, November 2004Address by Roanoke Times sportswriter Bill Brill at the Keydet Club Reunion for the 1975 and 1976 VMI Basketball teams.","Disk 2 content","Disk 2 contentHon. Steven J. McAuliffe '70 addresses the Class of 1994 at their Ring presentation, 2003Address by Ms. Donzaleigh Abernathy at the Jonathan Daniels Courtyard Dedication, March 25, 2004Hon. Julian Hirst '41 address the Class of 1941 at their 50th reunion, April 1991Cadet Charles Bunting '01 addresses Rats of the Class of 2004 during Cadre Week, August 2000Address of MG James Morgan, Jr. '45 at the dedication of the Jackson Hope Medal Memorial, May 15, 2003","Local PBS television special marking the 21st anniversary of the admission of the first black cadets at VMI.  Also includes excerpts from a panel discussion held at VMI.","See separate dvd for full recording of full panel discussion.","Events from Black History Month celebration, including Jonathan Daniels ceremony and panel discussion about Daniels.  2 discs","Includes film of ROTC cavalry drill and horsemanship practice on Parade Ground, including jumping; Barracks scenes; cadet orchestra; other scenes from cadet life ca. 1939","Orientation and convocations held during the Spring of 1997 to prepare the Corps for the beginning of coeducation.","This collection contains marketing commercials produced for local television broadcasts and off air news story for VMI events.","ABC network television show Good Morning America show.! Diane Sawyer and Charlie Gibson broadcast live from Crozet Hall during breakfast on Founders Day, November 11, 2002.","News conference held at VMI, introducing General Peay as VMI's 14th Superintendent.","News videos produced by the VMI Office of Communication and Marketing during the period 2012-2014. Topics: Inaugural Parade, Virginia Governor McAuliffe; Air Force ROTC flight incentive final; Battle of New Market 150th anniversary; soaring; reveille and Retreat; Army ROTC FTX (10-12-2012); Corps Physical Training Building groundbreaking; Founders Day, 2013; Heritage Exhibit VMI Museum; Presidential Inaugural Parades History; NCAA Athletes Rats (Soccer and football) drill.","Color film footage depicting cadet life in 1941.  Includes scenes of ROTC cavalry unit, horses, and stables; parades; football games, including Thanksgiving game against Virginia Tech; social life (cadets with their dates), and buildings.","Sweat party, Fall 1987","Address to the Friends of Preston Library by VMI alumnus Michael A. Burke, Class of 1973, on the origin of VMI slang.  This speech was based on research the Burke did for graduate coursework in linguistics.","Highlights of Coach John McKenna.  Includes reflections by McKenna, his family, and Gens. Bunting and Peay; footage from games.","Includes New Market battle reenactment, ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery,  Willard Scott interview, Hee Haw TV program salute.","Includes New Market Day ceremony, parade, and bible presentation","In December 1994 Preston Library collections and staff moved out the building while it was being renovated.  The project was completed in the Spring of 1996.  During this time the bulk of the books were stored in a local unoccupied building (known as \"the Roses building\" after a department store that once occupied it); other storage locations were Cocke Hall, Smith Hall, and misc. other local locations. Library reference and circulation services were provided out of old Lejeune Hall (which was torn down in 2006).  Other staff occupied offices in Nichols, Smith Hall, and Crozet Hall.","Good Morning America television program presents interview with VMI Cadet Jon R. Milner regarding ROTC","General James Jones, Commandant of the Marine Corps, dedicates display in VMI Museum's Hall of Valor.","Inclues: 2014 Virginia gubernatorial inaugural parade; Air Force ROTC flight incentive; 150th anniversary of Battle of New Market; soaring; reveille and retreat; Army ROTC FTX Oct. 2012; Corps Physical Training Facility groundbreaking. May 2014; Founders Day 2013; Heritage Exhibit at Museum; Ppresidential inaugural parades history; NCAA soccer and football Rats drill","Video created to coincide with the dedication of Third Barracks, November 2008.  It includes use of historical images from the VMI Archives along with film footage from 2008.  Keith Gibson, VMI Museum director, provides some commentary.","Unveiling of the mMemorial marker dedicated to Civil Rights movement martyr Jonathan Daniels, VMI Class of 1961, in Hayneville Alabama.  The monument was sponsored by VMI.","Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg appeared at VMI on February 1, 2017.  This event was co-sponsored by the Washington and Lee University School of Law.  The format was an interview conducted by two of her biographers.  The event took place in Cameron Hall.","A collection of video footage collected by the Office of Communications and Marketing relating to the VMI coeducation court case (United States v. Virginia), concerning coeducation, assimilation planning, and the matriculation of the first female cadets. Includes news clips from national and local news.","Binder containing digital copy of a film produced by Louis S.Welker (VMI Class of 1972) along with correspondence and other material that explains the history of the film. The film, which Welker called \"When We Were Keydets\", documents cadet life from a cadet's point of view during a 15 month period in 1970 - 1971.","This collection of born digital .mp4 files was transferred from the VMI Communications and Marketing Department. The videos showcase VMI special events (e.g., matriculation, Ring Figure, graduation, and speeches), and other topics that relate to VMI activities and cadet life.","Duration [00:08:13]","Duration [00:28:27]; Produced by William Henricks Associates","Duration [01:28:26]","4 parts; total duration [02:01:01]","Duration [01:55:58]","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","There are no restrictions.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Item is copyright protected.  Video can be viewed in person, but we do not provide copies.","Use of this copyrighted item is restricted. This item may be viewed by individual researchers in-person, but may not be reproduced.","This material is copyrighted.  Discs may  not be reproduced.  Researchers must view in person; contact the VMI Archives staff for a viewing appointment.","This collection is available for on-site use only. Researchers should contact the Archives for a viewing appointment.","Contact Archives to view this material.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Archives Stacks, Audio/Video","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Communications and Marketing","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Economics and Business","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Mechanical Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Alumni Association","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Admissions","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Physical Education","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Superintendent.","VMI Center for Undergraduate Research. VCUR","VMI Foundation","United States. Marine Corps.","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Chemistry","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Library","Marsh, John O., Jr.","Rumsfeld, Donald H. (Donald Henry), 1932-2021","Sales, Ruby","Daniels, Jonathan Myrick, 1939-1965","Young, Andrew J., Jr.","Carter, Jimmy","McKenna, John","Kaine, Timothy M.","Hammond, Leroy D.","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert)","Myers, Richard B., General","Morgan, James M., Jr. (James Markus), 1923-2021","Foster, P. Wesley, Jr. (Paul Wesley)","Baliles, Gerald L.","Peay, J. H. Binford, III, 1940-","OConnor, Sandra Day","Gray, Elmon T. (Elmon Taylor), 1925-2011","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Humes, James","Puller, Chesty, 1898-1971","Haskins, Thomas A., Jr.","Dabney, William H. (William Howard), 1934-2012","Carrico, Harry Lee","Ambrose, Stephen E.","Bryan, Charles F., Jr.","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Kissinger, Henry, 1923-","Jordan, John H., Jr.","Simpson, John A., Very Reverend","Brand, E. Cabell (Edward Cabell), 1923-2015","Thatcher, Margaret","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Ross, Bobby (Robert J.)","Allen, George, 1952-","Patterson, Robert H., Jr.","Gottwald, Thomas E.","Liddy, G. Gordon","Carter, Ronald, Jr.","McCain, John, 1936-","Hutchings, Eric D.","Farrell, Alan F., 1945-","McAuliffe, Steven J.","Hirst, Julian F.","Abernathy, Donzaleigh","Savage, Joseph L, Jr.","Nunn, Sam","Gibson, Keith E.","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Hebert, Paul V.","Louthan, Frank G., Jr.","Carter, Stephen L.","Greenfield, Jeff","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Bush, George H. W., President (George Herbert Walker)","Plunk, Terry L.","Zeugner, Thomas C.","Turman, Solon B.","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Coffman, Michael","Ferebee, J. Smith (James Smith), 1906-1988","Swihart, Wilbur W.","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Morgan, John L.","Powell, Colin L.","Hightower, George B. (George Bedney), 1911-?","Heath, Edward","Luttrell, Marcus","Blumenson, Martin","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Cheney, Richard B.","Elmore, Gay, Jr. (Otmer Gay)","Bennett, William J.","Schmidt, Helmut, 1918-2015","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Marston, Robert Q.","Jones, James L.","Jumper, John P.","Ginsburg, Ruth Bader","Milley, Mark A., General","Welker, Louis S.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Video Collections, 1930/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Video Collections, 1930/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Sub-Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AV.Video","/repositories/3/resources/726"],"unitid_tesim":["AV.Video","/repositories/3/resources/726"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute. Office of Communications and Marketing"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute. Office of Communications and Marketing"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marsh, John O., Jr.","Rumsfeld, Donald H. (Donald Henry), 1932-2021","Sales, Ruby","Daniels, Jonathan Myrick, 1939-1965","Young, Andrew J., Jr.","Carter, Jimmy","McKenna, John","Kaine, Timothy M.","Hammond, Leroy D.","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert)","Myers, Richard B., General","Morgan, James M., Jr. (James Markus), 1923-2021","Foster, P. Wesley, Jr. (Paul Wesley)","Baliles, Gerald L.","Peay, J. H. Binford, III, 1940-","OConnor, Sandra Day","Gray, Elmon T. (Elmon Taylor), 1925-2011","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Humes, James","Puller, Chesty, 1898-1971","Haskins, Thomas A., Jr.","Dabney, William H. (William Howard), 1934-2012","Carrico, Harry Lee","Ambrose, Stephen E.","Bryan, Charles F., Jr.","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Kissinger, Henry, 1923-","Jordan, John H., Jr.","Simpson, John A., Very Reverend","Brand, E. Cabell (Edward Cabell), 1923-2015","Thatcher, Margaret","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Ross, Bobby (Robert J.)","Allen, George, 1952-","Patterson, Robert H., Jr.","Gottwald, Thomas E.","Liddy, G. Gordon","Carter, Ronald, Jr.","McCain, John, 1936-","Hutchings, Eric D.","Farrell, Alan F., 1945-","McAuliffe, Steven J.","Hirst, Julian F.","Abernathy, Donzaleigh","Savage, Joseph L, Jr.","Nunn, Sam","Gibson, Keith E.","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Hebert, Paul V.","Louthan, Frank G., Jr.","Carter, Stephen L.","Greenfield, Jeff","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Bush, George H. W., President (George Herbert Walker)","Plunk, Terry L.","Zeugner, Thomas C.","Turman, Solon B.","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Coffman, Michael","Ferebee, J. Smith (James Smith), 1906-1988","Swihart, Wilbur W.","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Morgan, John L.","Powell, Colin L.","Hightower, George B. (George Bedney), 1911-?","Heath, Edward","Luttrell, Marcus","Blumenson, Martin","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Cheney, Richard B.","Elmore, Gay, Jr. (Otmer Gay)","Bennett, William J.","Schmidt, Helmut, 1918-2015","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Marston, Robert Q.","Jones, James L.","Jumper, John P.","Ginsburg, Ruth Bader","Milley, Mark A., General","Welker, Louis S."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Communications and Marketing","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Economics and Business","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Mechanical Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Alumni Association","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Admissions","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Physical Education","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Superintendent.","VMI Center for Undergraduate Research. VCUR","VMI Foundation","United States. Marine Corps.","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Chemistry","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Library"],"creators_ssim":["Marsh, John O., Jr.","Rumsfeld, Donald H. (Donald Henry), 1932-2021","Sales, Ruby","Daniels, Jonathan Myrick, 1939-1965","Young, Andrew J., Jr.","Carter, Jimmy","McKenna, John","Kaine, Timothy M.","Hammond, Leroy D.","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert)","Myers, Richard B., General","Morgan, James M., Jr. (James Markus), 1923-2021","Foster, P. Wesley, Jr. (Paul Wesley)","Baliles, Gerald L.","Peay, J. H. Binford, III, 1940-","OConnor, Sandra Day","Gray, Elmon T. (Elmon Taylor), 1925-2011","Knapp, John W. (John Williams), 1932-","Humes, James","Puller, Chesty, 1898-1971","Haskins, Thomas A., Jr.","Dabney, William H. (William Howard), 1934-2012","Carrico, Harry Lee","Ambrose, Stephen E.","Bryan, Charles F., Jr.","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Kissinger, Henry, 1923-","Jordan, John H., Jr.","Simpson, John A., Very Reverend","Brand, E. Cabell (Edward Cabell), 1923-2015","Thatcher, Margaret","Walker, Sam S., 1925-2015","Ross, Bobby (Robert J.)","Allen, George, 1952-","Patterson, Robert H., Jr.","Gottwald, Thomas E.","Liddy, G. Gordon","Carter, Ronald, Jr.","McCain, John, 1936-","Hutchings, Eric D.","Farrell, Alan F., 1945-","McAuliffe, Steven J.","Hirst, Julian F.","Abernathy, Donzaleigh","Savage, Joseph L, Jr.","Nunn, Sam","Gibson, Keith E.","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Shell, George R. E., 1908-1996","Hebert, Paul V.","Louthan, Frank G., Jr.","Carter, Stephen L.","Greenfield, Jeff","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Bush, George H. W., President (George Herbert Walker)","Plunk, Terry L.","Zeugner, Thomas C.","Turman, Solon B.","DiMaggio, Joe, 1914-1999","Coffman, Michael","Ferebee, J. Smith (James Smith), 1906-1988","Swihart, Wilbur W.","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Morgan, John L.","Powell, Colin L.","Hightower, George B. (George Bedney), 1911-?","Heath, Edward","Luttrell, Marcus","Blumenson, Martin","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Cheney, Richard B.","Elmore, Gay, Jr. (Otmer Gay)","Bennett, William J.","Schmidt, Helmut, 1918-2015","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Marston, Robert Q.","Jones, James L.","Jumper, John P.","Ginsburg, Ruth Bader","Milley, Mark A., General","Welker, Louis S.","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Communications and Marketing","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Economics and Business","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Mechanical Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Alumni Association","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Admissions","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Physical Education","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Superintendent.","VMI Center for Undergraduate Research. VCUR","VMI Foundation","United States. Marine Corps.","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Chemistry","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Special events","Virginia Military Institute -- Finals -- 21st century","Virginia Military Institute—History—20th century","Virginia Military Institute—History—21st century","DVDs","Videotapes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Special events","Virginia Military Institute -- Finals -- 21st century","Virginia Military Institute—History—20th century","Virginia Military Institute—History—21st century","DVDs","Videotapes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection includes various formats, including film, VHS videotape and dvd. Some formats are not accessible at this time and are awaiting digital conversion."],"extent_ssm":["40 c.f. cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["40 c.f. cubic feet"],"genreform_ssim":["DVDs","Videotapes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clegalstatus id=\"aspace_333329e77d302b687ff227e2dd4140dd\"\u003eThis material is copyrighted.\u003c/legalstatus\u003e","\u003clegalstatus id=\"aspace_fb226dea4d219feb4db4f0467530df52\"\u003eContains copyright protected material. This material may not be copied or redistributed.\u003c/legalstatus\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","There are no restrictions.","This material is copyrighted.","Contains copyright protected material. This material may not be copied or redistributed.","There are no restrictions","There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn MP4 format file has been created from the DVD file and is located on  Archives electronic files preservation network drive\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["An MP4 format file has been created from the DVD file and is located on  Archives electronic files preservation network drive"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically by year.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e30th Commandant, U. S. Marine Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis was the first VMI commencement exercise to include female graduates. The first group of women to matriculate in 1997 included a few transfer students who were able to graduate after two years because of advanced academic standing at enrollment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the occasion of the VMI vs. Liberty football game\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStephen L. Carter is the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale, where he has taught since 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLt. Terry Plunk was killed in action during Operation Desert Storm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVMI Bugler Wilbur Swihart, known as \"Bill the Bugler\". He was the subject of a CBS news \"On the Road with Charles Kuralt\" story.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLt. Terry Plunk was killed in action during Operation Desert Storm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMark Alexander Milley is a United States Army officer. A four-star general, he is the 39th Chief of Staff of the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U. S. Supreme Court ruled against the Institute's all male admission policy in 1996, and the first women were enrolled at VMI in the fall of 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouis S. Welker (Class of 1972) produced the film during his third and second class years (1970-1971).  David Hall (Class of 1972) wrote the narration and narrated the film.  The film was subsequently used for several years by the VMI Admissions Office to assist with cadet recruiting.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["30th Commandant, U. S. Marine Corps","This was the first VMI commencement exercise to include female graduates. The first group of women to matriculate in 1997 included a few transfer students who were able to graduate after two years because of advanced academic standing at enrollment.","On the occasion of the VMI vs. Liberty football game","Stephen L. Carter is the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law at Yale, where he has taught since 1982.","Lt. Terry Plunk was killed in action during Operation Desert Storm.","VMI Bugler Wilbur Swihart, known as \"Bill the Bugler\". He was the subject of a CBS news \"On the Road with Charles Kuralt\" story.","Lt. Terry Plunk was killed in action during Operation Desert Storm.","Mark Alexander Milley is a United States Army officer. A four-star general, he is the 39th Chief of Staff of the Army.","The U. S. Supreme Court ruled against the Institute's all male admission policy in 1996, and the first women were enrolled at VMI in the fall of 1997.","Louis S. Welker (Class of 1972) produced the film during his third and second class years (1970-1971).  David Hall (Class of 1972) wrote the narration and narrated the film.  The film was subsequently used for several years by the VMI Admissions Office to assist with cadet recruiting."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e3 copies\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["3 copies"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name of collection/item], Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name of collection/item], Virginia Military Institute Archives."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item has been converted to .mp4 format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item has been converted to .mp4 format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item has been converted to .mp4 format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item has been converted to .mp4 format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item has been converted to .mp4 format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item has been converted to .mp4 format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection was originally in VHS videotape format and has been converted to DVD format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This item has been converted to .mp4 format.","This collection was originally in VHS videotape format and has been converted to DVD format."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/4201\"\u003ePhotograph of Ambassador Young receiving the Daniels Award\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBackground information about the Tick Rover Robot project is found online in the \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll1/id/3097\"\u003eSeptember 2013 issue of the Institute Report.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Photograph","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Photograph of Ambassador Young receiving the Daniels Award","Background information about the Tick Rover Robot project is found online in the September 2013 issue of the Institute Report."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of videos (some amateur, some professional) documenting special events such as matriculation, Ring Figure, graduation, speeches, and other topics relating to VMI activities and cadet life.  The bulk of this collection dates from the 1980's forward, although a few date from an earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eJohn O. Marsh, Jr. receives the New Market Medal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe graduation speaker was Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo of speech about Civil Rights activist Jonathan M. Daniels by Ruby Sales, given in Lexington, Virginia at the Robert E. Lee Episcopal Church. Daniels saved Sale's life in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmbassador Andrew Young receives the second Jonathan M. Daniels '61 Humanitarian Award at VMI on March 23, 2006\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvents of the weekend honoring football coach John McKenna. Includes members of his winning teams who returned to VMI for the event; McKenna and others speaking during celebratory dinner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCadets whose articles were published in volume 1 of New Horizons talk about their research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCeremony honoring Daniels.  Speakers include Superintendent Josiah Bunting III; E. Cabell Brand, who presents a painting and book to the Promaji Club; and the Dean of the Canterbury Cathedral the Very Reverend John A. Simpson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficial breakout video for Class of 2004.  Includes significant events in the months prior to Breakout, including matriculation, new cadet oath at New Market and speech by John O. Marsh Jr., football game.  Breakout scenes follow, including marches and other activities and climb up muddy hill (a practice since discontinued).  Video culminates with ceremony in Barracks courtyard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious speeches to cadets and other VMI audiences from 19-200x. 2 disks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDisk 1 Content\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eDisk 1 content\u003c/head\u003e\u003citem\u003eCadre member Cadet Anthony Peters (Class of 2004) addresses incoming Rats, August 2003\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCOL Eric Hutchings Keydet Club speech, June 2000\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSGT MAJ Al Hockaday addresses the Class of 2004 at Breakout, Feb 2001\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBG Alan Farrell addresses Class of 2005 at their Ring Figure dinner, November 2004\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAddress by Roanoke Times sportswriter Bill Brill at the Keydet Club Reunion for the 1975 and 1976 VMI Basketball teams.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDisk 2 content\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eDisk 2 content\u003c/head\u003e\u003citem\u003eHon. Steven J. McAuliffe '70 addresses the Class of 1994 at their Ring presentation, 2003\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAddress by Ms. Donzaleigh Abernathy at the Jonathan Daniels Courtyard Dedication, March 25, 2004\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHon. Julian Hirst '41 address the Class of 1941 at their 50th reunion, April 1991\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCadet Charles Bunting '01 addresses Rats of the Class of 2004 during Cadre Week, August 2000\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAddress of MG James Morgan, Jr. '45 at the dedication of the Jackson Hope Medal Memorial, May 15, 2003\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocal PBS television special marking the 21st anniversary of the admission of the first black cadets at VMI.  Also includes excerpts from a panel discussion held at VMI.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee separate dvd for full recording of full panel discussion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvents from Black History Month celebration, including Jonathan Daniels ceremony and panel discussion about Daniels.  2 discs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes film of ROTC cavalry drill and horsemanship practice on Parade Ground, including jumping; Barracks scenes; cadet orchestra; other scenes from cadet life ca. 1939\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrientation and convocations held during the Spring of 1997 to prepare the Corps for the beginning of coeducation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains marketing commercials produced for local television broadcasts and off air news story for VMI events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eABC network television show Good Morning America show.! Diane Sawyer and Charlie Gibson broadcast live from Crozet Hall during breakfast on Founders Day, November 11, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNews conference held at VMI, introducing General Peay as VMI's 14th Superintendent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNews videos produced by the VMI Office of Communication and Marketing during the period 2012-2014. Topics: Inaugural Parade, Virginia Governor McAuliffe; Air Force ROTC flight incentive final; Battle of New Market 150th anniversary; soaring; reveille and Retreat; Army ROTC FTX (10-12-2012); Corps Physical Training Building groundbreaking; Founders Day, 2013; Heritage Exhibit VMI Museum; Presidential Inaugural Parades History; NCAA Athletes Rats (Soccer and football) drill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor film footage depicting cadet life in 1941.  Includes scenes of ROTC cavalry unit, horses, and stables; parades; football games, including Thanksgiving game against Virginia Tech; social life (cadets with their dates), and buildings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSweat party, Fall 1987\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress to the Friends of Preston Library by VMI alumnus Michael A. Burke, Class of 1973, on the origin of VMI slang.  This speech was based on research the Burke did for graduate coursework in linguistics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHighlights of Coach John McKenna.  Includes reflections by McKenna, his family, and Gens. Bunting and Peay; footage from games.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes New Market battle reenactment, ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery,  Willard Scott interview, Hee Haw TV program salute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes New Market Day ceremony, parade, and bible presentation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1994 Preston Library collections and staff moved out the building while it was being renovated.  The project was completed in the Spring of 1996.  During this time the bulk of the books were stored in a local unoccupied building (known as \"the Roses building\" after a department store that once occupied it); other storage locations were Cocke Hall, Smith Hall, and misc. other local locations. Library reference and circulation services were provided out of old Lejeune Hall (which was torn down in 2006).  Other staff occupied offices in Nichols, Smith Hall, and Crozet Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGood Morning America television program presents interview with VMI Cadet Jon R. Milner regarding ROTC\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral James Jones, Commandant of the Marine Corps, dedicates display in VMI Museum's Hall of Valor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInclues: 2014 Virginia gubernatorial inaugural parade; Air Force ROTC flight incentive; 150th anniversary of Battle of New Market; soaring; reveille and retreat; Army ROTC FTX Oct. 2012; Corps Physical Training Facility groundbreaking. May 2014; Founders Day 2013; Heritage Exhibit at Museum; Ppresidential inaugural parades history; NCAA soccer and football Rats drill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo created to coincide with the dedication of Third Barracks, November 2008.  It includes use of historical images from the VMI Archives along with film footage from 2008.  Keith Gibson, VMI Museum director, provides some commentary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnveiling of the mMemorial marker dedicated to Civil Rights movement martyr Jonathan Daniels, VMI Class of 1961, in Hayneville Alabama.  The monument was sponsored by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg appeared at VMI on February 1, 2017.  This event was co-sponsored by the Washington and Lee University School of Law.  The format was an interview conducted by two of her biographers.  The event took place in Cameron Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA collection of video footage collected by the Office of Communications and Marketing relating to the VMI coeducation court case (United States v. Virginia), concerning coeducation, assimilation planning, and the matriculation of the first female cadets. Includes news clips from national and local news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBinder containing digital copy of a film produced by Louis S.Welker (VMI Class of 1972) along with correspondence and other material that explains the history of the film. The film, which Welker called \"When We Were Keydets\", documents cadet life from a cadet's point of view during a 15 month period in 1970 - 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection of born digital .mp4 files was transferred from the VMI Communications and Marketing Department. The videos showcase VMI special events (e.g., matriculation, Ring Figure, graduation, and speeches), and other topics that relate to VMI activities and cadet life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuration [00:08:13]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuration [00:28:27]; Produced by William Henricks Associates\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuration [01:28:26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 parts; total duration [02:01:01]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuration [01:55:58]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of videos (some amateur, some professional) documenting special events such as matriculation, Ring Figure, graduation, speeches, and other topics relating to VMI activities and cadet life.  The bulk of this collection dates from the 1980's forward, although a few date from an earlier period.","John O. Marsh, Jr. receives the New Market Medal.","The graduation speaker was Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense.","Video of speech about Civil Rights activist Jonathan M. Daniels by Ruby Sales, given in Lexington, Virginia at the Robert E. Lee Episcopal Church. Daniels saved Sale's life in 1965.","Ambassador Andrew Young receives the second Jonathan M. Daniels '61 Humanitarian Award at VMI on March 23, 2006","Events of the weekend honoring football coach John McKenna. Includes members of his winning teams who returned to VMI for the event; McKenna and others speaking during celebratory dinner","Cadets whose articles were published in volume 1 of New Horizons talk about their research","Ceremony honoring Daniels.  Speakers include Superintendent Josiah Bunting III; E. Cabell Brand, who presents a painting and book to the Promaji Club; and the Dean of the Canterbury Cathedral the Very Reverend John A. Simpson.","Official breakout video for Class of 2004.  Includes significant events in the months prior to Breakout, including matriculation, new cadet oath at New Market and speech by John O. Marsh Jr., football game.  Breakout scenes follow, including marches and other activities and climb up muddy hill (a practice since discontinued).  Video culminates with ceremony in Barracks courtyard.","Various speeches to cadets and other VMI audiences from 19-200x. 2 disks.","Disk 1 Content","Disk 1 contentCadre member Cadet Anthony Peters (Class of 2004) addresses incoming Rats, August 2003COL Eric Hutchings Keydet Club speech, June 2000SGT MAJ Al Hockaday addresses the Class of 2004 at Breakout, Feb 2001BG Alan Farrell addresses Class of 2005 at their Ring Figure dinner, November 2004Address by Roanoke Times sportswriter Bill Brill at the Keydet Club Reunion for the 1975 and 1976 VMI Basketball teams.","Disk 2 content","Disk 2 contentHon. Steven J. McAuliffe '70 addresses the Class of 1994 at their Ring presentation, 2003Address by Ms. Donzaleigh Abernathy at the Jonathan Daniels Courtyard Dedication, March 25, 2004Hon. Julian Hirst '41 address the Class of 1941 at their 50th reunion, April 1991Cadet Charles Bunting '01 addresses Rats of the Class of 2004 during Cadre Week, August 2000Address of MG James Morgan, Jr. '45 at the dedication of the Jackson Hope Medal Memorial, May 15, 2003","Local PBS television special marking the 21st anniversary of the admission of the first black cadets at VMI.  Also includes excerpts from a panel discussion held at VMI.","See separate dvd for full recording of full panel discussion.","Events from Black History Month celebration, including Jonathan Daniels ceremony and panel discussion about Daniels.  2 discs","Includes film of ROTC cavalry drill and horsemanship practice on Parade Ground, including jumping; Barracks scenes; cadet orchestra; other scenes from cadet life ca. 1939","Orientation and convocations held during the Spring of 1997 to prepare the Corps for the beginning of coeducation.","This collection contains marketing commercials produced for local television broadcasts and off air news story for VMI events.","ABC network television show Good Morning America show.! Diane Sawyer and Charlie Gibson broadcast live from Crozet Hall during breakfast on Founders Day, November 11, 2002.","News conference held at VMI, introducing General Peay as VMI's 14th Superintendent.","News videos produced by the VMI Office of Communication and Marketing during the period 2012-2014. Topics: Inaugural Parade, Virginia Governor McAuliffe; Air Force ROTC flight incentive final; Battle of New Market 150th anniversary; soaring; reveille and Retreat; Army ROTC FTX (10-12-2012); Corps Physical Training Building groundbreaking; Founders Day, 2013; Heritage Exhibit VMI Museum; Presidential Inaugural Parades History; NCAA Athletes Rats (Soccer and football) drill.","Color film footage depicting cadet life in 1941.  Includes scenes of ROTC cavalry unit, horses, and stables; parades; football games, including Thanksgiving game against Virginia Tech; social life (cadets with their dates), and buildings.","Sweat party, Fall 1987","Address to the Friends of Preston Library by VMI alumnus Michael A. Burke, Class of 1973, on the origin of VMI slang.  This speech was based on research the Burke did for graduate coursework in linguistics.","Highlights of Coach John McKenna.  Includes reflections by McKenna, his family, and Gens. Bunting and Peay; footage from games.","Includes New Market battle reenactment, ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery,  Willard Scott interview, Hee Haw TV program salute.","Includes New Market Day ceremony, parade, and bible presentation","In December 1994 Preston Library collections and staff moved out the building while it was being renovated.  The project was completed in the Spring of 1996.  During this time the bulk of the books were stored in a local unoccupied building (known as \"the Roses building\" after a department store that once occupied it); other storage locations were Cocke Hall, Smith Hall, and misc. other local locations. Library reference and circulation services were provided out of old Lejeune Hall (which was torn down in 2006).  Other staff occupied offices in Nichols, Smith Hall, and Crozet Hall.","Good Morning America television program presents interview with VMI Cadet Jon R. Milner regarding ROTC","General James Jones, Commandant of the Marine Corps, dedicates display in VMI Museum's Hall of Valor.","Inclues: 2014 Virginia gubernatorial inaugural parade; Air Force ROTC flight incentive; 150th anniversary of Battle of New Market; soaring; reveille and retreat; Army ROTC FTX Oct. 2012; Corps Physical Training Facility groundbreaking. May 2014; Founders Day 2013; Heritage Exhibit at Museum; Ppresidential inaugural parades history; NCAA soccer and football Rats drill","Video created to coincide with the dedication of Third Barracks, November 2008.  It includes use of historical images from the VMI Archives along with film footage from 2008.  Keith Gibson, VMI Museum director, provides some commentary.","Unveiling of the mMemorial marker dedicated to Civil Rights movement martyr Jonathan Daniels, VMI Class of 1961, in Hayneville Alabama.  The monument was sponsored by VMI.","Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg appeared at VMI on February 1, 2017.  This event was co-sponsored by the Washington and Lee University School of Law.  The format was an interview conducted by two of her biographers.  The event took place in Cameron Hall.","A collection of video footage collected by the Office of Communications and Marketing relating to the VMI coeducation court case (United States v. Virginia), concerning coeducation, assimilation planning, and the matriculation of the first female cadets. Includes news clips from national and local news.","Binder containing digital copy of a film produced by Louis S.Welker (VMI Class of 1972) along with correspondence and other material that explains the history of the film. The film, which Welker called \"When We Were Keydets\", documents cadet life from a cadet's point of view during a 15 month period in 1970 - 1971.","This collection of born digital .mp4 files was transferred from the VMI Communications and Marketing Department. The videos showcase VMI special events (e.g., matriculation, Ring Figure, graduation, and speeches), and other topics that relate to VMI activities and cadet life.","Duration [00:08:13]","Duration [00:28:27]; Produced by William Henricks Associates","Duration [01:28:26]","4 parts; total duration [02:01:01]","Duration [01:55:58]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem is copyright protected.  Video can be viewed in person, but we do not provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUse of this copyrighted item is restricted. This item may be viewed by individual researchers in-person, but may not be reproduced.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material is copyrighted.  Discs may  not be reproduced.  Researchers must view in person; contact the VMI Archives staff for a viewing appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available for on-site use only. Researchers should contact the Archives for a viewing appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContact Archives to view this material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","There are no restrictions.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Item is copyright protected.  Video can be viewed in person, but we do not provide copies.","Use of this copyrighted item is restricted. This item may be viewed by individual researchers in-person, but may not be reproduced.","This material is copyrighted.  Discs may  not be reproduced.  Researchers must view in person; contact the VMI Archives staff for a viewing appointment.","This collection is available for on-site use only. Researchers should contact the Archives for a viewing appointment.","Contact Archives to view this material.","Audiovisual collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3d96a804d049d7fd69b55a50bb62f86b\"\u003eArchives Stacks, Audio/Video\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Archives Stacks, Audio/Video"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Communications and Marketing","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Economics and Business","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Mechanical Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Alumni Association","Virginia Military Institute. Office of Admissions","Virginia Military Institute. 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Preston papers, 1806/1889"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322"],"title_filing_ssi":"Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington certificate","title_ssm":["Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington certificate"],"title_tesim":["Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington certificate"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington certificate, 1856"],"text":["Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington certificate, 1856","John T. L. Preston papers, 1806/1889","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)","Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890","Lexington (Va.)—History","Certificates","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John T. L. Preston papers, 1806/1889"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John T. L. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"corpname_ssim":["Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)"],"persname_ssim":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890"],"names_ssim":["Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)","Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Certificates"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1856],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_322.xml","title_ssm":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"title_tesim":["John T. L. Preston papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1889"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1889"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John T. L. Preston papers, 1806/1889"],"text":["John T. L. Preston papers, 1806/1889","MS.0240","/repositories/3/resources/322","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","Account Books","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Certificates","Financial records","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","John Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890) was one of the founders of VMI. He served at VMI as a member of the first Board of Visitors (1839) and as a Professor of Modern Languages from 1839 to 1875. During the Civil War he was on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.","Lexington April 28, 1863","Dr General,\nAccording to your direction I have purchased for you $2700 of 8 prct [percent] Confed. Bonds. This leaves a small balance to your credit. The bonds are deposited in the Bank of Rockbridge.","Our tannery has been very prosperous. I have not deemed it necessary to write to you about it hitherto. But now I have to say that the concern will be ready to pay over to you in a few weeks, as your share of the profits from ten to fifteen thousand dollars ($10,000 - 15,000). We have on hand a contract for tanning from the Government which will not be as profitable as our operations heretofore have been but it will be remunerative and [left edge] Maggie sends her love at the same time safe. If I can be of any service to you in investing your money let me know. I was informed at the VMI that there was a balance of $50 against you on the Treasurer's Book. I told the Supt. that I would settle it out of your funds. Maggie wrote lately to Mrs. Jackson something about your house. I cannot recollect any other business items.","I expect to leave home, day after tomorrow for the Gen. Assembly at Columbia. I go with the earnest wish and prayer that this the supreme council of our branch of the church may under the guidance of the Holy Spirit be able to devise something which will be operative in impregnating the institutions of our very nation with the spirit of vital Christianity. I cannot myself think of any new mode of attempting this. We have in operation all the agencies prescribed in the Gospel and if these are used in the spirit of the Gospel they will prove sufficient. But the real battle of the Church will begin when the national struggle is closed and Peace opens the flood gates through which will flow upon society the stream of evils generated by War. Profanity, Sabbath breaking, intemperance, idleness, lawlessness and general looseness of morals may be expected partly as the reactive influence of the scenes through which the entire youthful population of the land have been called to pass. Against all this the church must lift up her banners if would maintain her own. But instead of merely maintaining her own she does not make the reorganization of things the occasion of assuming an advanced position, will she be guiltless.\nDr. Palmer has replied to Dr. White who had communicated [illegible] about supplying the army with religious service. He does not express any very decided convictions upon the subject and looks to some action by the Gen. Assb. I trust it is a good Providence that has given to your corps Mr. Lacy.  Remember me warmly to him.","If you can make any suggestions touching church matters, write to me at Columbia Pres. Gen. Assembly. On business at Lex. If you wish anything done before I return Gilham or Fuller will attend to it for you. My love to your wife if she is still with you.\nYrs. Trly J. T. L. Preston.","July 4, 1889\nMy dear General and old-time comrade-\nFinis Opus Coronat\nThe crown of a worthy work is its successful completion.  How unspeakably precious is this crown, when the work is one's life work! No other work to be done, and therefore, no apprehension of failure in the future.","The proof of your work is twofold- first in rearing a noble structure upon its foundation and then in raising it from its ruins.  Testimony to this work is found in the annals of the state of Virginia, in the records of successive Boards of Visitors, by the voices and the lives of the Alumni who have gone forth from its walls, and by these words from him who is the sole surviving sharer of your labors from the founding of the V. M. I. to its semi-centennial Jubilee.","But best of all is the testimony of your own conscience, that you have never swerved from your purpose, nor spared yourself in your devotion to the object you had set before you.","With the many, various, and formidable obstacles you had to encounter I am familiar, but what other and unrevealed struggles were yours, none but yourself may ever know.","The crown of a completed work is yours.","But for all true and faithful followers of the Master there is another crown laid up – a crown of glory – a crown, not for the closing of this mortal life, but a crown for the opening of an immortal life – a crown to be worn forever!","May this crown, my old friend, be yours and mine!\nAnd for this hope let us united in saying – Laus Deo!\nAffectionately,\nJ. T. L. Preston\n1839-1889","The original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284).","The John T. L. Preston papers consist of the personal papers of Preston, including:\n\nA farm account book (1834-1887)\nBills\nDeeds\nMemoranda\nReceipts\nCorrespondence\nA photocopy and transcription of Preston's Civil War journal (\"Jottings\"), which dates from his military service at Craney Island, Virginia from late July to October 1861. The original journal is held by the Library of Congress.\nPreston's United States passport (May 1851)\nFranklin Society membership certificate (1851)\nA typescript \"brief historical sketch\" of VMI written as a speech for the Institute's semi-centennial celebration in 1889 (the typescript contains handwritten corrections in ink; Preston's son delivered the address on behalf of his father).\n\nThe majority of the papers relate to Preston's personal, financial, and property (land) transactions and do not involve his work at VMI.","A noteable item includes a letter (dated April 24 1863) to General Stonewall Jackson (to whom Preston was related by marriage) in which Preston discusses religious and financial matters.","Passport for John T. L. Preston.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards Topics financial transactions affecting Stonewall Jackson, including the purchase of Confederate bonds and proceeds from sale of tannery. The letter also concerns religious matters, particularly the upcoming General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina.","Typescript sketch written by John T. L. Preston. It was prepared at the request of the VMI Board of Visitors to mark the Institute's semicentennial celebration. Preston had planned to deliver this as an address, but he was not able to do so and it was read by his son Reverend Dr. T. L. Preston.","The sketch includes details about events leading to the establishment of VMI, including debates in the local Franklin Society and letters to the local newspaper written by Preston under the penname \"Cives\" in 1835.","Reprint in pamphlet form of letters written by John T. L. Preston to the Lexington (Virginia) Gazette in 1835, discussing the desirability of turning the local arsenal into a military college. Preston wrote these letters under the pen name \"Cives\" and these are often referred to as the \"Cives letters.\"  This pamphlet was issued in 1889 to mark VMI's semicentennial.","Copy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.","The journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.","This letter was written on the occasion of VMI's semicentennial celebration, in which John T. L. Preston reminiscences about Francis H. Smith's role in the founding and growth of VMI.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)","Preston, John T. L. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890) was one of the founders of VMI. He served at VMI as a member of the first Board of Visitors (1839) and as a Professor of Modern Languages from 1839 to 1875. During the Civil War he was on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890) was one of the founders of VMI. He served at VMI as a member of the first Board of Visitors (1839) and as a Professor of Modern Languages from 1839 to 1875. During the Civil War he was on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington April 28, 1863\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr General,\u003cbr\u003e\nAccording to your direction I have purchased for you $2700 of 8 prct [percent] Confed. Bonds. This leaves a small balance to your credit. The bonds are deposited in the Bank of Rockbridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOur tannery has been very prosperous. I have not deemed it necessary to write to you about it hitherto. But now I have to say that the concern will be ready to pay over to you in a few weeks, as your share of the profits from ten to fifteen thousand dollars ($10,000 - 15,000). We have on hand a contract for tanning from the Government which will not be as profitable as our operations heretofore have been but it will be remunerative and [left edge] Maggie sends her love at the same time safe. If I can be of any service to you in investing your money let me know. I was informed at the VMI that there was a balance of $50 against you on the Treasurer's Book. I told the Supt. that I would settle it out of your funds. Maggie wrote lately to Mrs. Jackson something about your house. I cannot recollect any other business items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI expect to leave home, day after tomorrow for the Gen. Assembly at Columbia. I go with the earnest wish and prayer that this the supreme council of our branch of the church may under the guidance of the Holy Spirit be able to devise something which will be operative in impregnating the institutions of our very nation with the spirit of vital Christianity. I cannot myself think of any new mode of attempting this. We have in operation all the agencies prescribed in the Gospel and if these are used in the spirit of the Gospel they will prove sufficient. But the real battle of the Church will begin when the national struggle is closed and Peace opens the flood gates through which will flow upon society the stream of evils generated by War. Profanity, Sabbath breaking, intemperance, idleness, lawlessness and general looseness of morals may be expected partly as the reactive influence of the scenes through which the entire youthful population of the land have been called to pass. Against all this the church must lift up her banners if would maintain her own. But instead of merely maintaining her own she does not make the reorganization of things the occasion of assuming an advanced position, will she be guiltless.\nDr. Palmer has replied to Dr. White who had communicated [illegible] about supplying the army with religious service. He does not express any very decided convictions upon the subject and looks to some action by the Gen. Assb. I trust it is a good Providence that has given to your corps Mr. Lacy.  Remember me warmly to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf you can make any suggestions touching church matters, write to me at Columbia Pres. Gen. Assembly. On business at Lex. If you wish anything done before I return Gilham or Fuller will attend to it for you. My love to your wife if she is still with you.\u003cbr\u003e\nYrs. Trly J. T. L. Preston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1889\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear General and old-time comrade-\u003cbr\u003e\nFinis Opus Coronat\u003cbr\u003e\nThe crown of a worthy work is its successful completion.  How unspeakably precious is this crown, when the work is one's life work! No other work to be done, and therefore, no apprehension of failure in the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe proof of your work is twofold- first in rearing a noble structure upon its foundation and then in raising it from its ruins.  Testimony to this work is found in the annals of the state of Virginia, in the records of successive Boards of Visitors, by the voices and the lives of the Alumni who have gone forth from its walls, and by these words from him who is the sole surviving sharer of your labors from the founding of the V. M. I. to its semi-centennial Jubilee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBut best of all is the testimony of your own conscience, that you have never swerved from your purpose, nor spared yourself in your devotion to the object you had set before you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the many, various, and formidable obstacles you had to encounter I am familiar, but what other and unrevealed struggles were yours, none but yourself may ever know.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe crown of a completed work is yours.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBut for all true and faithful followers of the Master there is another crown laid up – a crown of glory – a crown, not for the closing of this mortal life, but a crown for the opening of an immortal life – a crown to be worn forever!\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay this crown, my old friend, be yours and mine!\u003cbr\u003e\nAnd for this hope let us united in saying – Laus Deo!\u003cbr\u003e\nAffectionately,\u003cbr\u003e\nJ. T. L. Preston\u003cbr\u003e\n1839-1889\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington April 28, 1863","Dr General,\nAccording to your direction I have purchased for you $2700 of 8 prct [percent] Confed. Bonds. This leaves a small balance to your credit. The bonds are deposited in the Bank of Rockbridge.","Our tannery has been very prosperous. I have not deemed it necessary to write to you about it hitherto. But now I have to say that the concern will be ready to pay over to you in a few weeks, as your share of the profits from ten to fifteen thousand dollars ($10,000 - 15,000). We have on hand a contract for tanning from the Government which will not be as profitable as our operations heretofore have been but it will be remunerative and [left edge] Maggie sends her love at the same time safe. If I can be of any service to you in investing your money let me know. I was informed at the VMI that there was a balance of $50 against you on the Treasurer's Book. I told the Supt. that I would settle it out of your funds. Maggie wrote lately to Mrs. Jackson something about your house. I cannot recollect any other business items.","I expect to leave home, day after tomorrow for the Gen. Assembly at Columbia. I go with the earnest wish and prayer that this the supreme council of our branch of the church may under the guidance of the Holy Spirit be able to devise something which will be operative in impregnating the institutions of our very nation with the spirit of vital Christianity. I cannot myself think of any new mode of attempting this. We have in operation all the agencies prescribed in the Gospel and if these are used in the spirit of the Gospel they will prove sufficient. But the real battle of the Church will begin when the national struggle is closed and Peace opens the flood gates through which will flow upon society the stream of evils generated by War. Profanity, Sabbath breaking, intemperance, idleness, lawlessness and general looseness of morals may be expected partly as the reactive influence of the scenes through which the entire youthful population of the land have been called to pass. Against all this the church must lift up her banners if would maintain her own. But instead of merely maintaining her own she does not make the reorganization of things the occasion of assuming an advanced position, will she be guiltless.\nDr. Palmer has replied to Dr. White who had communicated [illegible] about supplying the army with religious service. He does not express any very decided convictions upon the subject and looks to some action by the Gen. Assb. I trust it is a good Providence that has given to your corps Mr. Lacy.  Remember me warmly to him.","If you can make any suggestions touching church matters, write to me at Columbia Pres. Gen. Assembly. On business at Lex. If you wish anything done before I return Gilham or Fuller will attend to it for you. My love to your wife if she is still with you.\nYrs. Trly J. T. L. Preston.","July 4, 1889\nMy dear General and old-time comrade-\nFinis Opus Coronat\nThe crown of a worthy work is its successful completion.  How unspeakably precious is this crown, when the work is one's life work! No other work to be done, and therefore, no apprehension of failure in the future.","The proof of your work is twofold- first in rearing a noble structure upon its foundation and then in raising it from its ruins.  Testimony to this work is found in the annals of the state of Virginia, in the records of successive Boards of Visitors, by the voices and the lives of the Alumni who have gone forth from its walls, and by these words from him who is the sole surviving sharer of your labors from the founding of the V. M. I. to its semi-centennial Jubilee.","But best of all is the testimony of your own conscience, that you have never swerved from your purpose, nor spared yourself in your devotion to the object you had set before you.","With the many, various, and formidable obstacles you had to encounter I am familiar, but what other and unrevealed struggles were yours, none but yourself may ever know.","The crown of a completed work is yours.","But for all true and faithful followers of the Master there is another crown laid up – a crown of glory – a crown, not for the closing of this mortal life, but a crown for the opening of an immortal life – a crown to be worn forever!","May this crown, my old friend, be yours and mine!\nAnd for this hope let us united in saying – Laus Deo!\nAffectionately,\nJ. T. L. Preston\n1839-1889"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284).\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The original journal is located in the Library of Congress (John Thomas Lewis Preston MMC-1936; MSS94284)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn T. L. Preston papers, 1806-1889. MS 0240. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John T. L. Preston papers, 1806-1889. MS 0240. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John T. L. Preston papers consist of the personal papers of Preston, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA farm account book (1834-1887)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBills\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeeds\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoranda\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReceipts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA photocopy and transcription of Preston's Civil War journal (\"Jottings\"), which dates from his military service at Craney Island, Virginia from late July to October 1861. The original journal is held by the Library of Congress.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreston's United States passport (May 1851)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFranklin Society membership certificate (1851)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript \"brief historical sketch\" of VMI written as a speech for the Institute's semi-centennial celebration in 1889 (the typescript contains handwritten corrections in ink; Preston's son delivered the address on behalf of his father).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe majority of the papers relate to Preston's personal, financial, and property (land) transactions and do not involve his work at VMI. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA noteable item includes a letter (dated April 24 1863) to General Stonewall Jackson (to whom Preston was related by marriage) in which Preston discusses religious and financial matters.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePassport for John T. L. Preston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards Topics financial transactions affecting Stonewall Jackson, including the purchase of Confederate bonds and proceeds from sale of tannery. The letter also concerns religious matters, particularly the upcoming General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript sketch written by John T. L. Preston. It was prepared at the request of the VMI Board of Visitors to mark the Institute's semicentennial celebration. Preston had planned to deliver this as an address, but he was not able to do so and it was read by his son Reverend Dr. T. L. Preston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sketch includes details about events leading to the establishment of VMI, including debates in the local Franklin Society and letters to the local newspaper written by Preston under the penname \"Cives\" in 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint in pamphlet form of letters written by John T. L. Preston to the Lexington (Virginia) Gazette in 1835, discussing the desirability of turning the local arsenal into a military college. Preston wrote these letters under the pen name \"Cives\" and these are often referred to as the \"Cives letters.\"  This pamphlet was issued in 1889 to mark VMI's semicentennial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter was written on the occasion of VMI's semicentennial celebration, in which John T. L. Preston reminiscences about Francis H. Smith's role in the founding and growth of VMI.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John T. L. Preston papers consist of the personal papers of Preston, including:\n\nA farm account book (1834-1887)\nBills\nDeeds\nMemoranda\nReceipts\nCorrespondence\nA photocopy and transcription of Preston's Civil War journal (\"Jottings\"), which dates from his military service at Craney Island, Virginia from late July to October 1861. The original journal is held by the Library of Congress.\nPreston's United States passport (May 1851)\nFranklin Society membership certificate (1851)\nA typescript \"brief historical sketch\" of VMI written as a speech for the Institute's semi-centennial celebration in 1889 (the typescript contains handwritten corrections in ink; Preston's son delivered the address on behalf of his father).\n\nThe majority of the papers relate to Preston's personal, financial, and property (land) transactions and do not involve his work at VMI.","A noteable item includes a letter (dated April 24 1863) to General Stonewall Jackson (to whom Preston was related by marriage) in which Preston discusses religious and financial matters.","Passport for John T. L. Preston.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards Topics financial transactions affecting Stonewall Jackson, including the purchase of Confederate bonds and proceeds from sale of tannery. The letter also concerns religious matters, particularly the upcoming General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, South Carolina.","Typescript sketch written by John T. L. Preston. It was prepared at the request of the VMI Board of Visitors to mark the Institute's semicentennial celebration. Preston had planned to deliver this as an address, but he was not able to do so and it was read by his son Reverend Dr. T. L. Preston.","The sketch includes details about events leading to the establishment of VMI, including debates in the local Franklin Society and letters to the local newspaper written by Preston under the penname \"Cives\" in 1835.","Reprint in pamphlet form of letters written by John T. L. Preston to the Lexington (Virginia) Gazette in 1835, discussing the desirability of turning the local arsenal into a military college. Preston wrote these letters under the pen name \"Cives\" and these are often referred to as the \"Cives letters.\"  This pamphlet was issued in 1889 to mark VMI's semicentennial.","Copy and transcription of John T. L. Preston's journal, which he called \"Jottings.\" This journal was written during his military assignment at Craney Island, Virginia in the the summer and fall of 1861.","The journal relates to his activities while with the 9th Virginia Infantry Regiment under the command of VMI Superintendent Francis H. Smith. It includes comments on the cause of the Civil War, the defense of Norfolk, Virginia, military science, and family.","This letter was written on the occasion of VMI's semicentennial celebration, in which John T. L. Preston reminiscences about Francis H. Smith's role in the founding and growth of VMI."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_381c5f8510d064f2b89dfdd78d5a613d\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)"],"persname_ssim":["Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865"],"names_coll_ssim":["Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Franklin Society and Library Company of Lexington (Lexington, VA)","Preston, John T. L. (John Thomas Lewis), 1811-1890","Preston, Margaret Junkin, 1820-1897","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Crutchfield, Stapleton, 1835-1865"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_322_c03"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"General Robert E. Lee visits the grave of Stonewall Jackson [lithograph], 1870","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCurrier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia. This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","parent_ssim":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816"],"title_filing_ssi":"General Robert E. Lee visits the grave of Stonewall Jackson [lithograph]","title_ssm":["General Robert E. Lee visits the grave of Stonewall Jackson [lithograph]"],"title_tesim":["General Robert E. Lee visits the grave of Stonewall Jackson [lithograph]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General Robert E. Lee visits the grave of Stonewall Jackson [lithograph], 1870"],"text":["General Robert E. Lee visits the grave of Stonewall Jackson [lithograph], 1870","Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs","Currier \u0026 Ives","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lexington (Va.)—History","lithographs","English.","This item is available online","Currier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia.  This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch.","Oversized case, Jackson and Lee prints"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1870"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"extent_ssm":["1 items"],"extent_tesim":["1 items"],"dimensions_tesim":["17.5 x 13 inches"],"creator_ssim":["Currier \u0026 Ives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"corpname_ssim":["Currier \u0026 Ives"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"names_ssim":["Currier \u0026 Ives","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","lithographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","lithographs"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1870],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5316\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["This item is available online"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCurrier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia.  This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Currier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia.  This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8b202089bb1cbd5f8df147a4063f4f8a\"\u003eOversized case, Jackson and Lee prints\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Oversized case, Jackson and Lee prints"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_816.xml","title_ssm":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"title_tesim":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["tbd"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["tbd"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"text":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs","GR.Jackson-Lee","/repositories/3/resources/816","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Pictorial works","lithographs","Engravings (prints)","These items are available online","This item is viewable online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","William Sartain (November 21, 1843 – 1924) was an American artist.","An engraved portrait of Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson was originally sold to help pay for a memorial at Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. The inscriptions at the base of the print read: \"Sold by authority of the Jackson Monument Association for the purpose of executing a monument to the memory of General Thomas J. Jackson at the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\"  Facsimile signature of T. J. Jackson, S. Bassett French, and Gov. John Letcher.   Engraved  by A. B. Walter  after  a photo from life (Winchester image). This print was sold during an extensive lecture tour in the 1870s.","Background:\nIn 1869 a committee chaired by ex-Virginia Governor John Letcher began work to raise money for a memorial honoring Gen. Stonewall Jackson. These engravings were sold in large numbers beginning in 1871 as part that fundraising effort. The prints turn up for sale in Civil War memorabilia shops fairly frequently.  The memorial did not actually take shape until 1896 when VMI constructed an extension to Barracks known as Jackson Memorial Hall. This building, except for the entryway into Barracks called \"Jackson Arch,\" was torn down in 1915 and replaced with additional cadet quarters. Other local memorials include statues of Jackson that were dedicated in 1891 (located in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery on Main St. in Lexington) and in 1912 (at VMI in front of the cadet Barracks). Finally, a new Jackson Memorial Hall was constructed at VMI in 1916. It still stands today and houses the VMI Chapel and the VMI Museum.","We have no details about the publication history of this item.","Kurz and Allison were a major publisher of chromolithographs in the late 19th century. Based at 267-269 Wabash Avenue in Chicago, they built their reputation on large prints published in the mid-1880s depicting battles and leaders of the American Civil War.","Nineteenth century engravings and lithographs depicting Generals Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee. These were among the many prints that depicted significant figures of the Confederacy and were a popular fixture in many post-Civil War homes in the South.","Mezzotint engraving depicting Jackson with his wife and daughter.  It was published in 1866 by Bradley and Company of Philadelphia.  The scene, contained inaccuracies.  Jackson's daughter, for example was an infant when her father died in 1863, but in this print is shown as the age she was in 1866.","Currier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia.  This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch.","Color engraving depicting General Stonewall Jackson.","Engraved portrait of General Stonewall Jackson.  Engraved  by A. B. Walter  after  a photo from life (Winchester image).","Lithograph by Currier and Ives depicting the surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865.","\"Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson on the evening of the day before the Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1st. 1863.\" From the original painting by EBD Julio, New Orleans.  Engraved by Frederick Halpin.","Depicts General Robert E. Lee on the battlefield at Chancellorsville, astride his horse Traveller.","Depicting General Stonewall Jackson on horseback","Art print, \"Stonewall Jackson and his boyhood home situated on the West Fork River, Lewis Co., W. Va.\", published by S. E. Barrett.","Oversized case 10","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Currier \u0026 Ives","Kurz \u0026 Allison","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Sartain, William, 1843-1924","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Christian, Julia Jackson","French, S. Bassett","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Walter, A. B. (Adam B.), 1820-1875","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Halpin, Frederick W., 1805-1880","Julio, E. B. D. (Everett B. D.), 1843-1879","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"collection_ssim":["Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee engravings and lithographs"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["GR.Jackson-Lee","/repositories/3/resources/816"],"unitid_tesim":["GR.Jackson-Lee","/repositories/3/resources/816"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Pictorial works"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Pictorial works"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Pictorial works"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Sartain, William, 1843-1924","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Christian, Julia Jackson","French, S. Bassett","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Walter, A. B. (Adam B.), 1820-1875","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Halpin, Frederick W., 1805-1880","Julio, E. B. D. (Everett B. D.), 1843-1879"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Currier \u0026 Ives","Kurz \u0026 Allison"],"creators_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Sartain, William, 1843-1924","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Christian, Julia Jackson","French, S. Bassett","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Walter, A. B. (Adam B.), 1820-1875","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Halpin, Frederick W., 1805-1880","Julio, E. B. D. (Everett B. D.), 1843-1879","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Currier \u0026 Ives","Kurz \u0026 Allison"],"access_subjects_ssim":["lithographs","Engravings (prints)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["lithographs","Engravings (prints)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":[".25 cubic feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Engravings (prints)"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/searchterm/engraving%20lithograph%20%5Bgraphic*!lee%20jackson/field/title!people/mode/any!any/conn/and!and/order/datea\"\u003eThese items are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/4366\"\u003eThis item is viewable online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5316\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5311\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5309\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5314\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5313\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5312\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5317\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5310\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/5308\"\u003eThis item is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Online Access","Online Access","Online Access","Existence and Location of Copies","Online Access","Online Access","Online Access","Online Access","Existence and Location of Copies","Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["These items are available online","This item is viewable online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online","This item is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Sartain (November 21, 1843 – 1924) was an American artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e An engraved portrait of Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson was originally sold to help pay for a memorial at Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. The inscriptions at the base of the print read: \"Sold by authority of the Jackson Monument Association for the purpose of executing a monument to the memory of General Thomas J. Jackson at the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\"  Facsimile signature of T. J. Jackson, S. Bassett French, and Gov. John Letcher.   Engraved  by A. B. Walter  after  a photo from life (Winchester image). This print was sold during an extensive lecture tour in the 1870s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBackground:\nIn 1869 a committee chaired by ex-Virginia Governor John Letcher began work to raise money for a memorial honoring Gen. Stonewall Jackson. These engravings were sold in large numbers beginning in 1871 as part that fundraising effort. The prints turn up for sale in Civil War memorabilia shops fairly frequently.  The memorial did not actually take shape until 1896 when VMI constructed an extension to Barracks known as Jackson Memorial Hall. This building, except for the entryway into Barracks called \"Jackson Arch,\" was torn down in 1915 and replaced with additional cadet quarters. Other local memorials include statues of Jackson that were dedicated in 1891 (located in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery on Main St. in Lexington) and in 1912 (at VMI in front of the cadet Barracks). Finally, a new Jackson Memorial Hall was constructed at VMI in 1916. It still stands today and houses the VMI Chapel and the VMI Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe have no details about the publication history of this item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKurz and Allison were a major publisher of chromolithographs in the late 19th century. Based at 267-269 Wabash Avenue in Chicago, they built their reputation on large prints published in the mid-1880s depicting battles and leaders of the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Sartain (November 21, 1843 – 1924) was an American artist.","An engraved portrait of Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson was originally sold to help pay for a memorial at Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia. The inscriptions at the base of the print read: \"Sold by authority of the Jackson Monument Association for the purpose of executing a monument to the memory of General Thomas J. Jackson at the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\"  Facsimile signature of T. J. Jackson, S. Bassett French, and Gov. John Letcher.   Engraved  by A. B. Walter  after  a photo from life (Winchester image). This print was sold during an extensive lecture tour in the 1870s.","Background:\nIn 1869 a committee chaired by ex-Virginia Governor John Letcher began work to raise money for a memorial honoring Gen. Stonewall Jackson. These engravings were sold in large numbers beginning in 1871 as part that fundraising effort. The prints turn up for sale in Civil War memorabilia shops fairly frequently.  The memorial did not actually take shape until 1896 when VMI constructed an extension to Barracks known as Jackson Memorial Hall. This building, except for the entryway into Barracks called \"Jackson Arch,\" was torn down in 1915 and replaced with additional cadet quarters. Other local memorials include statues of Jackson that were dedicated in 1891 (located in Stonewall Jackson Cemetery on Main St. in Lexington) and in 1912 (at VMI in front of the cadet Barracks). Finally, a new Jackson Memorial Hall was constructed at VMI in 1916. It still stands today and houses the VMI Chapel and the VMI Museum.","We have no details about the publication history of this item.","Kurz and Allison were a major publisher of chromolithographs in the late 19th century. Based at 267-269 Wabash Avenue in Chicago, they built their reputation on large prints published in the mid-1880s depicting battles and leaders of the American Civil War."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNineteenth century engravings and lithographs depicting Generals Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee. These were among the many prints that depicted significant figures of the Confederacy and were a popular fixture in many post-Civil War homes in the South.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMezzotint engraving depicting Jackson with his wife and daughter.  It was published in 1866 by Bradley and Company of Philadelphia.  The scene, contained inaccuracies.  Jackson's daughter, for example was an infant when her father died in 1863, but in this print is shown as the age she was in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCurrier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia.  This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor engraving depicting General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngraved portrait of General Stonewall Jackson.  Engraved  by A. B. Walter  after  a photo from life (Winchester image).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLithograph by Currier and Ives depicting the surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson on the evening of the day before the Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1st. 1863.\" From the original painting by EBD Julio, New Orleans.  Engraved by Frederick Halpin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts General Robert E. Lee on the battlefield at Chancellorsville, astride his horse Traveller.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicting General Stonewall Jackson on horseback\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArt print, \"Stonewall Jackson and his boyhood home situated on the West Fork River, Lewis Co., W. Va.\", published by S. E. Barrett.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Nineteenth century engravings and lithographs depicting Generals Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee. These were among the many prints that depicted significant figures of the Confederacy and were a popular fixture in many post-Civil War homes in the South.","Mezzotint engraving depicting Jackson with his wife and daughter.  It was published in 1866 by Bradley and Company of Philadelphia.  The scene, contained inaccuracies.  Jackson's daughter, for example was an infant when her father died in 1863, but in this print is shown as the age she was in 1866.","Currier and Ives black and white lithograph depicting visit of General Robert E. Lee at the grave of General Stonewall Jackson in Lexington, Virginia.  This view is alleedly based on a soldier's sketch.","Color engraving depicting General Stonewall Jackson.","Engraved portrait of General Stonewall Jackson.  Engraved  by A. B. Walter  after  a photo from life (Winchester image).","Lithograph by Currier and Ives depicting the surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9, 1865.","\"Generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson on the evening of the day before the Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1st. 1863.\" From the original painting by EBD Julio, New Orleans.  Engraved by Frederick Halpin.","Depicts General Robert E. Lee on the battlefield at Chancellorsville, astride his horse Traveller.","Depicting General Stonewall Jackson on horseback","Art print, \"Stonewall Jackson and his boyhood home situated on the West Fork River, Lewis Co., W. Va.\", published by S. E. Barrett."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_24df42abb4a9a42050a18ff8289c2c53\"\u003eOversized case 10\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Oversized case 10"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Currier \u0026 Ives","Kurz \u0026 Allison"],"persname_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Sartain, William, 1843-1924","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Christian, Julia Jackson","French, S. Bassett","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Walter, A. B. (Adam B.), 1820-1875","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Halpin, Frederick W., 1805-1880","Julio, E. B. D. (Everett B. D.), 1843-1879"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Currier \u0026 Ives","Kurz \u0026 Allison","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Sartain, William, 1843-1924","Jackson, Mary Anna, 1831-1915","Christian, Julia Jackson","French, S. Bassett","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Walter, A. B. (Adam B.), 1820-1875","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885","Halpin, Frederick W., 1805-1880","Julio, E. B. D. (Everett B. D.), 1843-1879"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_816_c02"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_615.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00030.xml","title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers"],"title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"text":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.","Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)","This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Giles Gunn papers were donated to the Virginia\n            Military Institute in 1933 by Mary Maigret, Gunn's\n            niece."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 items"],"extent_tesim":["5 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, VA\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 8th, 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestwood, Lexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Molly,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhere is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\u003cbr\u003e\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b69e904f0eac0cc1658da5c7475032f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_615.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00030.xml","title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers"],"title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"text":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.","Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)","This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Giles Gunn papers were donated to the Virginia\n            Military Institute in 1933 by Mary Maigret, Gunn's\n            niece."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 items"],"extent_tesim":["5 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, VA\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 8th, 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestwood, Lexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Molly,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhere is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\u003cbr\u003e\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b69e904f0eac0cc1658da5c7475032f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. 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This is one of the earliest extant cadet personal letters.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_329#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_329","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_329","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_329","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_329","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_329.xml","title_ssm":["James D. Saunders letter"],"title_tesim":["James D. Saunders letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1842 November 24"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1842 November 24"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1842"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James D. Saunders letter, 1842"],"text":["James D. Saunders letter, 1842","MS.0247","/repositories/3/resources/329","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1845","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—Anniversaries, etc.","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Founders Day","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","James D. Saunders was born in 1824 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1845 and went on to become a merchant. He died in a duel in Lynchburg in 1851.","This collection consists of one letter (dated November 24, 1842) from Cadet James D. Saunders to his cousin John Mitchell. Saunders describes the hardships of cadet life, the dullness of Lexington, Virginia, VMI's 3rd anniversary (Founders Day) celebration, a storm damaging the North wall of barracks, and mentions Edward C. Carrington, Jr. (VMI Class of 1844). This is one of the earliest extant cadet personal letters.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. 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