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The collection is arranged into three series.:\n","Series 1: Personal Items (1939-2005) includes notes, correspondence, academic records, memoirs, programs, and military records.\n","Series 2: Maps and Photographs (1940-2004) includes maps, color slides, glass slides, and photographs.\n","Series 3: Publications (1943-2005) includes books, magazines, reports, and manuscripts.\n","This series includes notes, correspondence, academic records, and military records.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","This series includes maps, slides, and photographs","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","This series includes books, magazines, reports, and manuscripts.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Abaraham Anson papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Abaraham Anson papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes aerial photographs, publications, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, glass slides, and maps.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes aerial photographs, publications, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, glass slides, and maps."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   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During his service, Anson would attain the rank of Lieutenant Colonel as well as make significant contributions to the training of incoming recruits. He retired from the army on January 21, 1972. Anson was paramount in the designing of equipment with the Army Corps of Engineers that aided in mapping.","Anson was an incredibly active member with the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and also has a memorial scholarship in his name. Along with his significant contributions to the world of photogrammetry, the process of measuring distances between objects through the utilization of photography, Anson was extremely adept at surveying and mapping, and was a very talented painter. Abraham Anson passed away May 29, 2005.","Processed by Bill Keeler in January 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in January 2018.","The collection includes numerous aerial photographs, publications, photography equipment, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, and maps. 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Permission to publish material from the Abaraham Anson papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.","The collection includes aerial photographs, publications, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, glass slides, and maps.","George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005","English\n\t\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0069"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abraham Anson papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abraham Anson papers"],"collection_ssim":["Abraham Anson papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Abaraham Anson papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Myra Anson-Nicholas on December 5, 2005."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aerial photographs.","Letters.","Maps.","Photogrammetry.","Photography.","Remote sensing.","Slides.","Correspondence.","Glass negatives.","Maps.","Negatives.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aerial photographs.","Letters.","Maps.","Photogrammetry.","Photography.","Remote sensing.","Slides.","Correspondence.","Glass negatives.","Maps.","Negatives.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.5 linear feet (31 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["12.5 linear feet (31 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into three series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Personal Items, 1939-2005 (Boxes 1-3)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Maps and Photographs, 1940-2004  (Boxes 4-12)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Publications, 1943-2005 (Boxes 13-31)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into three series.","Series 1: Personal Items, 1939-2005 (Boxes 1-3)\n Series 2: Maps and Photographs, 1940-2004  (Boxes 4-12)\n Series 3: Publications, 1943-2005 (Boxes 13-31)\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn January 21, 1912 to Ida and Emil Anson, Abraham Anson attended New York City University before joining the army. During his service, Anson would attain the rank of Lieutenant Colonel as well as make significant contributions to the training of incoming recruits. He retired from the army on January 21, 1972. Anson was paramount in the designing of equipment with the Army Corps of Engineers that aided in mapping.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnson was an incredibly active member with the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and also has a memorial scholarship in his name. Along with his significant contributions to the world of photogrammetry, the process of measuring distances between objects through the utilization of photography, Anson was extremely adept at surveying and mapping, and was a very talented painter. Abraham Anson passed away May 29, 2005.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born January 21, 1912 to Ida and Emil Anson, Abraham Anson attended New York City University before joining the army. During his service, Anson would attain the rank of Lieutenant Colonel as well as make significant contributions to the training of incoming recruits. He retired from the army on January 21, 1972. Anson was paramount in the designing of equipment with the Army Corps of Engineers that aided in mapping.","Anson was an incredibly active member with the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and also has a memorial scholarship in his name. Along with his significant contributions to the world of photogrammetry, the process of measuring distances between objects through the utilization of photography, Anson was extremely adept at surveying and mapping, and was a very talented painter. Abraham Anson passed away May 29, 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbraham Anson papers, C0069, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Abraham Anson papers, C0069, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in January 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in January 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in January 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in January 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes numerous aerial photographs, publications, photography equipment, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, and maps. 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and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes numerous aerial photographs, publications, photography equipment, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, and maps. The collection is arranged into three series.:\n","Series 1: Personal Items (1939-2005) includes notes, correspondence, academic records, memoirs, programs, and military records.\n","Series 2: Maps and Photographs (1940-2004) includes maps, color slides, glass slides, and photographs.\n","Series 3: Publications (1943-2005) includes books, magazines, reports, and manuscripts.\n","This series includes notes, correspondence, academic records, and military records.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","This series includes maps, slides, and photographs","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","This series includes books, magazines, reports, and manuscripts.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Abaraham Anson papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Abaraham Anson papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes aerial photographs, publications, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, glass slides, and maps.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes aerial photographs, publications, newspapers, magazines, correspondence, notebooks, color slides, glass slides, and maps."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Anson, Abraham, 1912-2005"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":383,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:19:42.924Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_anson"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00072","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00072#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mr. Nagurney\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00072#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":" The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00072#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00072","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00072","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00072","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00072","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00072.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920s-1930s\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920s-1930s\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0200\n"],"text":["C0200\n","Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection","Artillery--China--Slides.","Casualties, War--Slides.","Mukden Incident, China, 1931--Slides.","War--Slides.","War crimes--Slides.","Glass negatives.","Lantern slides.","Collection is open to research.\n","Organized into four series. \n","Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)","Wikipedia entry on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria .\n","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\n","Special Collections and Archives also holds other collections of lantern slides.\n","The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies.\n","\nSeries 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \n","\nSeries 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.","\nSeries 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \n","\nSeries 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally signifigant architechure showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port.  \n","Series 1 contains glass negatives featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. \n","Glass negative of soldiers firing a machine gun.\n","Glass negative of soldiers fighting from behind a barricade.\n","Glass negative of a street destroyed by combat.\n","Glass negative of two soldiers standing on a destroyed street. \n","Series 2 contains several lantern slides of maps including maps of China, Asia, and the Eastern Hemisphere. \n","Map of the northern area of China around Jehol province. \n","Map of communist controlled China in 1932.\n","Map of former Jehol province with elevation.\n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province. \n","Map of former Jehol province with railroads.\n","Map of former Jehol province with strategically important passes through the Great Wall of China.\n","Map of areas of China invaded by Japan.\n","Map of central Asia including China, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, India and Russia.\n","Map of Eurasia. \n","Caption reads \"Japan's Mandate and its Setting\".\n","Series 3 contains photographic slides featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other military conflicts. \n","Armored train stopped at a station. Two soldiers appear, one on the train and one on the platform. \n","Machine gun mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train with soldiers aboard.\n","Aerial view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Close up view of guns mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Armored train with guns.\n","Armored train with two flags, the flag of the Republic of China, or \"Five Races Under One Union\" and one unidentified flag. \n","Two soldiers loading an infantry mortar. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns from trenches.\n","Soldiers in the field with cannon.\n","Soldiers marching and towing a cannon.\n","Two soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon in the field during combat. \n","Several cannons being fired during combat. \n","Soldiers marching and towing cannon. \n","Several groups of soldiers firing large cannons during combat.\n","Soldiers in the field with a cannon. \n","Fengtien soldiers standing with 150mm Howitzer cannon.\n","Two soldiers loading a mortar. \n","Two soldiers loading a mortar in an army camp.\n","Two soldiers posing with mortar and shell in an army camp.\n","Several soldiers load a mortar in an army camp.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers fighting from behind a barricade. \n","Soldiers behind a barricade on a city street.\n","Soldiers in combat with machine guns. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns during combat. \n","Two soldiers posed with large binoculars. \n","Two soldiers engaged in combat on a street corner.\n","A group of soldiers on lookout, one perched on a large pole.\n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. \n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. Same image as 1-51 but with a different label.  \n","Soldier with gun.\n","Western (possibly Russian) sailors on street with civilians.\n","Western (possibly Russian) standing in a shallow trench in the street with other military personnel and civilians.\n","View from the street of a destroyed building, possibly a house.\n","Aerial view of several blocks of destroyed buildings due to combat. \n","Completely demolished street, strewn with rubble and no intact buildings. \n","Street scene with civilians and military walking through a public square. The buildings in the square have been heavily damaged due to combat. \n","Aerial view of a large section of destroyed city. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. \n","Demolished urban area with two large buildings intact in the background.\n","Demolished urban area with buildings in background.\n","Urban area destroyed by combat. \n","Damage due to combat in a   large section of a city along a river. In the background is a harbor with battle ships. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of an urban area along a river. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of a large urban area along a river including several bridges. \n","Street scene with civilians walking amongst destroyed buildings. \n","Chinese style tower destroyed by a Japanese shell. \n","Aerial view of people walking through the streets of a demolished city. In the background a large building remains intact. \n","Street scene of civilians walking through a demolished street. A large round building and overhead tram cables remain intact. \n","Pile of smoldering rubble. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. In front of them is a large damaged building. \n","Civilian standing on a street corner in front of a completely demolished building. \n","View of a demolished street. In the background a temple can be seen. \n","Civilians walking, riding bikes and driving down a street in front of a very large destroyed building.\n","View of rubble \n","A soldier stands in front of destroyed buildings in full uniform with gun. \n","Destroyed Shanhaikwan pass through the Great Wall. Now modern day Shanhaiguan.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat, arranged in a pile.\n","Soldiers or civilians carrying victims on a stretcher. \n","War casualties arranged in a pile. \n","Mass grave or pile of war casualties. \n","Series 4 contains photographs from Manchuria of general subject matter. \n","Portrait of Chang Tso-Hsiang, Chinese Commander in Chief. \n","Dock or harbor loaded with sandbags and other supplies.\n","Large ship docked at a harbor with personnel loading or unloading supplies. \n","Several battleships at sea, possibly during combat. \n","Western troops on a street corner with a horse cart. \n","Aerial view of the Great Wall of China.\n","Image of people standing, sitting, and walking in a public square. Could possibly be a market. \n","Large ship out at sea with several other ships surrounding it.\n","Several automobiles driving down a city street. Buildings on the street are undergoing reconstruction/renovation. \n","Aerial view of a walled city or palace on a hill. \n","Man displaying a mortar bomb/shell. \n","The Great Fortress of \"Potala\" in Chengteh. Possibly the Chengde Mountain Resort.\n","Image of a western style building with graveyard in front. \n","Image of a western style building on a residential street. Possibly a large house or small hotel. \n","Image of a western style building with a fountain in front of it. Possibly a hotel. \n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","View of the front steps and gate of a building. A sign on the gate has wording in Chinese.\n","View of the front steps of a building, decorated with Chinese lion statues. \n","There are no restrictions.\n"," The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. \n","George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Japan. Rikugun--Slides.","Mr. Nagurney\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0200\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"creator_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"creators_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mr. Nagurney in 1978.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Artillery--China--Slides.","Casualties, War--Slides.","Mukden Incident, China, 1931--Slides.","War--Slides.","War crimes--Slides.","Glass negatives.","Lantern slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Artillery--China--Slides.","Casualties, War--Slides.","Mukden Incident, China, 1931--Slides.","War--Slides.","War crimes--Slides.","Glass negatives.","Lantern slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into four series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into four series. \n","Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria\"\u003eWikipedia entry on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wikipedia entry on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria .\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJapanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, Collection #C0200, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, Collection #C0200, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds other collections of lantern slides.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds other collections of lantern slides.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally signifigant architechure showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains glass negatives featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of soldiers firing a machine gun.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of soldiers fighting from behind a barricade.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of a street destroyed by combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of two soldiers standing on a destroyed street. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains several lantern slides of maps including maps of China, Asia, and the Eastern Hemisphere. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the northern area of China around Jehol province. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of communist controlled China in 1932.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with elevation.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with railroads.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with strategically important passes through the Great Wall of China.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of areas of China invaded by Japan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of central Asia including China, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, India and Russia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Eurasia. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaption reads \"Japan's Mandate and its Setting\".\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographic slides featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other military conflicts. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmored train stopped at a station. Two soldiers appear, one on the train and one on the platform. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMachine gun mounted on an armored train.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLong view of an armored train with soldiers aboard.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClose up view of guns mounted on an armored train.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLong view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmored train with guns.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmored train with two flags, the flag of the Republic of China, or \"Five Races Under One Union\" and one unidentified flag. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers loading an infantry mortar. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers firing machine guns from trenches.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field with cannon.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers marching and towing a cannon.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup of soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup of soldiers firing a cannon in the field during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral cannons being fired during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers marching and towing cannon. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral groups of soldiers firing large cannons during combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field with a cannon. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFengtien soldiers standing with 150mm Howitzer cannon.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers loading a mortar. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers loading a mortar in an army camp.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers posing with mortar and shell in an army camp.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral soldiers load a mortar in an army camp.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers fighting from behind a barricade. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers behind a barricade on a city street.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in combat with machine guns. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers firing machine guns during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers posed with large binoculars. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers engaged in combat on a street corner.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of soldiers on lookout, one perched on a large pole.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJapanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJapanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. Same image as 1-51 but with a different label.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldier with gun.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern (possibly Russian) sailors on street with civilians.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern (possibly Russian) standing in a shallow trench in the street with other military personnel and civilians.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView from the street of a destroyed building, possibly a house.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of several blocks of destroyed buildings due to combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompletely demolished street, strewn with rubble and no intact buildings. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene with civilians and military walking through a public square. The buildings in the square have been heavily damaged due to combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of a large section of destroyed city. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemolished urban area with two large buildings intact in the background.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemolished urban area with buildings in background.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUrban area destroyed by combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDamage due to combat in a   large section of a city along a river. In the background is a harbor with battle ships. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of damage due to combat of an urban area along a river. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of damage due to combat of a large urban area along a river including several bridges. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene with civilians walking amongst destroyed buildings. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChinese style tower destroyed by a Japanese shell. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of people walking through the streets of a demolished city. In the background a large building remains intact. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene of civilians walking through a demolished street. A large round building and overhead tram cables remain intact. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePile of smoldering rubble. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. In front of them is a large damaged building. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian standing on a street corner in front of a completely demolished building. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of a demolished street. In the background a temple can be seen. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilians walking, riding bikes and driving down a street in front of a very large destroyed building.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of rubble \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA soldier stands in front of destroyed buildings in full uniform with gun. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDestroyed Shanhaikwan pass through the Great Wall. Now modern day Shanhaiguan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of burn victims/casualties of combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of burn victims/casualties of combat, arranged in a pile.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers or civilians carrying victims on a stretcher. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar casualties arranged in a pile. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMass grave or pile of war casualties. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains photographs from Manchuria of general subject matter. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortrait of Chang Tso-Hsiang, Chinese Commander in Chief. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDock or harbor loaded with sandbags and other supplies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge ship docked at a harbor with personnel loading or unloading supplies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral battleships at sea, possibly during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern troops on a street corner with a horse cart. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of the Great Wall of China.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of people standing, sitting, and walking in a public square. Could possibly be a market. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge ship out at sea with several other ships surrounding it.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral automobiles driving down a city street. Buildings on the street are undergoing reconstruction/renovation. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of a walled city or palace on a hill. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMan displaying a mortar bomb/shell. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Great Fortress of \"Potala\" in Chengteh. Possibly the Chengde Mountain Resort.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of a western style building with graveyard in front. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of a western style building on a residential street. Possibly a large house or small hotel. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of a western style building with a fountain in front of it. Possibly a hotel. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge western style building in a busy city intersection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge western style building in a busy city intersection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the front steps and gate of a building. A sign on the gate has wording in Chinese.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the front steps of a building, decorated with Chinese lion statues. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies.\n","\nSeries 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \n","\nSeries 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.","\nSeries 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \n","\nSeries 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally signifigant architechure showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port.  \n","Series 1 contains glass negatives featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. \n","Glass negative of soldiers firing a machine gun.\n","Glass negative of soldiers fighting from behind a barricade.\n","Glass negative of a street destroyed by combat.\n","Glass negative of two soldiers standing on a destroyed street. \n","Series 2 contains several lantern slides of maps including maps of China, Asia, and the Eastern Hemisphere. \n","Map of the northern area of China around Jehol province. \n","Map of communist controlled China in 1932.\n","Map of former Jehol province with elevation.\n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province. \n","Map of former Jehol province with railroads.\n","Map of former Jehol province with strategically important passes through the Great Wall of China.\n","Map of areas of China invaded by Japan.\n","Map of central Asia including China, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, India and Russia.\n","Map of Eurasia. \n","Caption reads \"Japan's Mandate and its Setting\".\n","Series 3 contains photographic slides featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other military conflicts. \n","Armored train stopped at a station. Two soldiers appear, one on the train and one on the platform. \n","Machine gun mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train with soldiers aboard.\n","Aerial view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Close up view of guns mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Armored train with guns.\n","Armored train with two flags, the flag of the Republic of China, or \"Five Races Under One Union\" and one unidentified flag. \n","Two soldiers loading an infantry mortar. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns from trenches.\n","Soldiers in the field with cannon.\n","Soldiers marching and towing a cannon.\n","Two soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon in the field during combat. \n","Several cannons being fired during combat. \n","Soldiers marching and towing cannon. \n","Several groups of soldiers firing large cannons during combat.\n","Soldiers in the field with a cannon. \n","Fengtien soldiers standing with 150mm Howitzer cannon.\n","Two soldiers loading a mortar. \n","Two soldiers loading a mortar in an army camp.\n","Two soldiers posing with mortar and shell in an army camp.\n","Several soldiers load a mortar in an army camp.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers fighting from behind a barricade. \n","Soldiers behind a barricade on a city street.\n","Soldiers in combat with machine guns. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns during combat. \n","Two soldiers posed with large binoculars. \n","Two soldiers engaged in combat on a street corner.\n","A group of soldiers on lookout, one perched on a large pole.\n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. \n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. Same image as 1-51 but with a different label.  \n","Soldier with gun.\n","Western (possibly Russian) sailors on street with civilians.\n","Western (possibly Russian) standing in a shallow trench in the street with other military personnel and civilians.\n","View from the street of a destroyed building, possibly a house.\n","Aerial view of several blocks of destroyed buildings due to combat. \n","Completely demolished street, strewn with rubble and no intact buildings. \n","Street scene with civilians and military walking through a public square. The buildings in the square have been heavily damaged due to combat. \n","Aerial view of a large section of destroyed city. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. \n","Demolished urban area with two large buildings intact in the background.\n","Demolished urban area with buildings in background.\n","Urban area destroyed by combat. \n","Damage due to combat in a   large section of a city along a river. In the background is a harbor with battle ships. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of an urban area along a river. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of a large urban area along a river including several bridges. \n","Street scene with civilians walking amongst destroyed buildings. \n","Chinese style tower destroyed by a Japanese shell. \n","Aerial view of people walking through the streets of a demolished city. In the background a large building remains intact. \n","Street scene of civilians walking through a demolished street. A large round building and overhead tram cables remain intact. \n","Pile of smoldering rubble. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. In front of them is a large damaged building. \n","Civilian standing on a street corner in front of a completely demolished building. \n","View of a demolished street. In the background a temple can be seen. \n","Civilians walking, riding bikes and driving down a street in front of a very large destroyed building.\n","View of rubble \n","A soldier stands in front of destroyed buildings in full uniform with gun. \n","Destroyed Shanhaikwan pass through the Great Wall. Now modern day Shanhaiguan.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat, arranged in a pile.\n","Soldiers or civilians carrying victims on a stretcher. \n","War casualties arranged in a pile. \n","Mass grave or pile of war casualties. \n","Series 4 contains photographs from Manchuria of general subject matter. \n","Portrait of Chang Tso-Hsiang, Chinese Commander in Chief. \n","Dock or harbor loaded with sandbags and other supplies.\n","Large ship docked at a harbor with personnel loading or unloading supplies. \n","Several battleships at sea, possibly during combat. \n","Western troops on a street corner with a horse cart. \n","Aerial view of the Great Wall of China.\n","Image of people standing, sitting, and walking in a public square. Could possibly be a market. \n","Large ship out at sea with several other ships surrounding it.\n","Several automobiles driving down a city street. Buildings on the street are undergoing reconstruction/renovation. \n","Aerial view of a walled city or palace on a hill. \n","Man displaying a mortar bomb/shell. \n","The Great Fortress of \"Potala\" in Chengteh. Possibly the Chengde Mountain Resort.\n","Image of a western style building with graveyard in front. \n","Image of a western style building on a residential street. Possibly a large house or small hotel. \n","Image of a western style building with a fountain in front of it. Possibly a hotel. \n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","View of the front steps and gate of a building. A sign on the gate has wording in Chinese.\n","View of the front steps of a building, decorated with Chinese lion statues. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[" The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. \n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Japan. Rikugun--Slides.","Mr. Nagurney\n"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Japan. Rikugun--Slides."],"persname_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:21:20.171Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00072","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00072","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00072","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00072","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00072.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920s-1930s\n"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920s-1930s\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0200\n"],"text":["C0200\n","Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection","Artillery--China--Slides.","Casualties, War--Slides.","Mukden Incident, China, 1931--Slides.","War--Slides.","War crimes--Slides.","Glass negatives.","Lantern slides.","Collection is open to research.\n","Organized into four series. \n","Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)","Wikipedia entry on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria .\n","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\n","Special Collections and Archives also holds other collections of lantern slides.\n","The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies.\n","\nSeries 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \n","\nSeries 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.","\nSeries 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \n","\nSeries 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally signifigant architechure showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port.  \n","Series 1 contains glass negatives featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. \n","Glass negative of soldiers firing a machine gun.\n","Glass negative of soldiers fighting from behind a barricade.\n","Glass negative of a street destroyed by combat.\n","Glass negative of two soldiers standing on a destroyed street. \n","Series 2 contains several lantern slides of maps including maps of China, Asia, and the Eastern Hemisphere. \n","Map of the northern area of China around Jehol province. \n","Map of communist controlled China in 1932.\n","Map of former Jehol province with elevation.\n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province. \n","Map of former Jehol province with railroads.\n","Map of former Jehol province with strategically important passes through the Great Wall of China.\n","Map of areas of China invaded by Japan.\n","Map of central Asia including China, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, India and Russia.\n","Map of Eurasia. \n","Caption reads \"Japan's Mandate and its Setting\".\n","Series 3 contains photographic slides featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other military conflicts. \n","Armored train stopped at a station. Two soldiers appear, one on the train and one on the platform. \n","Machine gun mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train with soldiers aboard.\n","Aerial view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Close up view of guns mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Armored train with guns.\n","Armored train with two flags, the flag of the Republic of China, or \"Five Races Under One Union\" and one unidentified flag. \n","Two soldiers loading an infantry mortar. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns from trenches.\n","Soldiers in the field with cannon.\n","Soldiers marching and towing a cannon.\n","Two soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon in the field during combat. \n","Several cannons being fired during combat. \n","Soldiers marching and towing cannon. \n","Several groups of soldiers firing large cannons during combat.\n","Soldiers in the field with a cannon. \n","Fengtien soldiers standing with 150mm Howitzer cannon.\n","Two soldiers loading a mortar. \n","Two soldiers loading a mortar in an army camp.\n","Two soldiers posing with mortar and shell in an army camp.\n","Several soldiers load a mortar in an army camp.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers fighting from behind a barricade. \n","Soldiers behind a barricade on a city street.\n","Soldiers in combat with machine guns. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns during combat. \n","Two soldiers posed with large binoculars. \n","Two soldiers engaged in combat on a street corner.\n","A group of soldiers on lookout, one perched on a large pole.\n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. \n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. Same image as 1-51 but with a different label.  \n","Soldier with gun.\n","Western (possibly Russian) sailors on street with civilians.\n","Western (possibly Russian) standing in a shallow trench in the street with other military personnel and civilians.\n","View from the street of a destroyed building, possibly a house.\n","Aerial view of several blocks of destroyed buildings due to combat. \n","Completely demolished street, strewn with rubble and no intact buildings. \n","Street scene with civilians and military walking through a public square. The buildings in the square have been heavily damaged due to combat. \n","Aerial view of a large section of destroyed city. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. \n","Demolished urban area with two large buildings intact in the background.\n","Demolished urban area with buildings in background.\n","Urban area destroyed by combat. \n","Damage due to combat in a   large section of a city along a river. In the background is a harbor with battle ships. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of an urban area along a river. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of a large urban area along a river including several bridges. \n","Street scene with civilians walking amongst destroyed buildings. \n","Chinese style tower destroyed by a Japanese shell. \n","Aerial view of people walking through the streets of a demolished city. In the background a large building remains intact. \n","Street scene of civilians walking through a demolished street. A large round building and overhead tram cables remain intact. \n","Pile of smoldering rubble. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. In front of them is a large damaged building. \n","Civilian standing on a street corner in front of a completely demolished building. \n","View of a demolished street. In the background a temple can be seen. \n","Civilians walking, riding bikes and driving down a street in front of a very large destroyed building.\n","View of rubble \n","A soldier stands in front of destroyed buildings in full uniform with gun. \n","Destroyed Shanhaikwan pass through the Great Wall. Now modern day Shanhaiguan.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat, arranged in a pile.\n","Soldiers or civilians carrying victims on a stretcher. \n","War casualties arranged in a pile. \n","Mass grave or pile of war casualties. \n","Series 4 contains photographs from Manchuria of general subject matter. \n","Portrait of Chang Tso-Hsiang, Chinese Commander in Chief. \n","Dock or harbor loaded with sandbags and other supplies.\n","Large ship docked at a harbor with personnel loading or unloading supplies. \n","Several battleships at sea, possibly during combat. \n","Western troops on a street corner with a horse cart. \n","Aerial view of the Great Wall of China.\n","Image of people standing, sitting, and walking in a public square. Could possibly be a market. \n","Large ship out at sea with several other ships surrounding it.\n","Several automobiles driving down a city street. Buildings on the street are undergoing reconstruction/renovation. \n","Aerial view of a walled city or palace on a hill. \n","Man displaying a mortar bomb/shell. \n","The Great Fortress of \"Potala\" in Chengteh. Possibly the Chengde Mountain Resort.\n","Image of a western style building with graveyard in front. \n","Image of a western style building on a residential street. Possibly a large house or small hotel. \n","Image of a western style building with a fountain in front of it. Possibly a hotel. \n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","View of the front steps and gate of a building. A sign on the gate has wording in Chinese.\n","View of the front steps of a building, decorated with Chinese lion statues. \n","There are no restrictions.\n"," The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. \n","George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Japan. Rikugun--Slides.","Mr. Nagurney\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["C0200\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"creator_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"creators_ssim":["Mr. Nagurney\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mr. Nagurney in 1978.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Artillery--China--Slides.","Casualties, War--Slides.","Mukden Incident, China, 1931--Slides.","War--Slides.","War crimes--Slides.","Glass negatives.","Lantern slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Artillery--China--Slides.","Casualties, War--Slides.","Mukden Incident, China, 1931--Slides.","War--Slides.","War crimes--Slides.","Glass negatives.","Lantern slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear feet (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into four series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into four series. \n","Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria\"\u003eWikipedia entry on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wikipedia entry on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria .\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJapanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, Collection #C0200, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, Collection #C0200, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds other collections of lantern slides.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds other collections of lantern slides.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally signifigant architechure showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains glass negatives featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of soldiers firing a machine gun.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of soldiers fighting from behind a barricade.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of a street destroyed by combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass negative of two soldiers standing on a destroyed street. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains several lantern slides of maps including maps of China, Asia, and the Eastern Hemisphere. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the northern area of China around Jehol province. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of communist controlled China in 1932.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with elevation.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with railroads.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of former Jehol province with strategically important passes through the Great Wall of China.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of areas of China invaded by Japan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of central Asia including China, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, India and Russia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Eurasia. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaption reads \"Japan's Mandate and its Setting\".\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains photographic slides featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other military conflicts. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmored train stopped at a station. Two soldiers appear, one on the train and one on the platform. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMachine gun mounted on an armored train.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLong view of an armored train with soldiers aboard.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClose up view of guns mounted on an armored train.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLong view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmored train with guns.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmored train with two flags, the flag of the Republic of China, or \"Five Races Under One Union\" and one unidentified flag. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers loading an infantry mortar. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers firing machine guns from trenches.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field with cannon.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers marching and towing a cannon.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup of soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup of soldiers firing a cannon in the field during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral cannons being fired during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers marching and towing cannon. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral groups of soldiers firing large cannons during combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field with a cannon. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFengtien soldiers standing with 150mm Howitzer cannon.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers loading a mortar. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers loading a mortar in an army camp.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers posing with mortar and shell in an army camp.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral soldiers load a mortar in an army camp.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers fighting from behind a barricade. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers behind a barricade on a city street.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers in combat with machine guns. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers firing machine guns during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers posed with large binoculars. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo soldiers engaged in combat on a street corner.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of soldiers on lookout, one perched on a large pole.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJapanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJapanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. Same image as 1-51 but with a different label.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldier with gun.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern (possibly Russian) sailors on street with civilians.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern (possibly Russian) standing in a shallow trench in the street with other military personnel and civilians.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView from the street of a destroyed building, possibly a house.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of several blocks of destroyed buildings due to combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompletely demolished street, strewn with rubble and no intact buildings. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene with civilians and military walking through a public square. The buildings in the square have been heavily damaged due to combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of a large section of destroyed city. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemolished urban area with two large buildings intact in the background.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemolished urban area with buildings in background.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUrban area destroyed by combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDamage due to combat in a   large section of a city along a river. In the background is a harbor with battle ships. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of damage due to combat of an urban area along a river. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of damage due to combat of a large urban area along a river including several bridges. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene with civilians walking amongst destroyed buildings. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChinese style tower destroyed by a Japanese shell. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of people walking through the streets of a demolished city. In the background a large building remains intact. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStreet scene of civilians walking through a demolished street. A large round building and overhead tram cables remain intact. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePile of smoldering rubble. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. In front of them is a large damaged building. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian standing on a street corner in front of a completely demolished building. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of a demolished street. In the background a temple can be seen. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilians walking, riding bikes and driving down a street in front of a very large destroyed building.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of rubble \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA soldier stands in front of destroyed buildings in full uniform with gun. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDestroyed Shanhaikwan pass through the Great Wall. Now modern day Shanhaiguan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of burn victims/casualties of combat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of burn victims/casualties of combat, arranged in a pile.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoldiers or civilians carrying victims on a stretcher. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWar casualties arranged in a pile. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMass grave or pile of war casualties. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains photographs from Manchuria of general subject matter. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortrait of Chang Tso-Hsiang, Chinese Commander in Chief. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDock or harbor loaded with sandbags and other supplies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge ship docked at a harbor with personnel loading or unloading supplies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral battleships at sea, possibly during combat. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern troops on a street corner with a horse cart. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of the Great Wall of China.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of people standing, sitting, and walking in a public square. Could possibly be a market. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge ship out at sea with several other ships surrounding it.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral automobiles driving down a city street. Buildings on the street are undergoing reconstruction/renovation. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of a walled city or palace on a hill. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMan displaying a mortar bomb/shell. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Great Fortress of \"Potala\" in Chengteh. Possibly the Chengde Mountain Resort.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of a western style building with graveyard in front. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of a western style building on a residential street. Possibly a large house or small hotel. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImage of a western style building with a fountain in front of it. Possibly a hotel. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge western style building in a busy city intersection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge western style building in a busy city intersection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the front steps and gate of a building. A sign on the gate has wording in Chinese.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the front steps of a building, decorated with Chinese lion statues. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies.\n","\nSeries 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \n","\nSeries 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.","\nSeries 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \n","\nSeries 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally signifigant architechure showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port.  \n","Series 1 contains glass negatives featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. \n","Glass negative of soldiers firing a machine gun.\n","Glass negative of soldiers fighting from behind a barricade.\n","Glass negative of a street destroyed by combat.\n","Glass negative of two soldiers standing on a destroyed street. \n","Series 2 contains several lantern slides of maps including maps of China, Asia, and the Eastern Hemisphere. \n","Map of the northern area of China around Jehol province. \n","Map of communist controlled China in 1932.\n","Map of former Jehol province with elevation.\n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province with tactical maneuvers. \n","Map of former Jehol province. \n","Map of former Jehol province with railroads.\n","Map of former Jehol province with strategically important passes through the Great Wall of China.\n","Map of areas of China invaded by Japan.\n","Map of central Asia including China, Mongolia, Korea, Tibet, India and Russia.\n","Map of Eurasia. \n","Caption reads \"Japan's Mandate and its Setting\".\n","Series 3 contains photographic slides featuring images from the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other military conflicts. \n","Armored train stopped at a station. Two soldiers appear, one on the train and one on the platform. \n","Machine gun mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train with soldiers aboard.\n","Aerial view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Close up view of guns mounted on an armored train.\n","Long view of an armored train stopped at a station.\n","Armored train with guns.\n","Armored train with two flags, the flag of the Republic of China, or \"Five Races Under One Union\" and one unidentified flag. \n","Two soldiers loading an infantry mortar. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns from trenches.\n","Soldiers in the field with cannon.\n","Soldiers marching and towing a cannon.\n","Two soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon during combat.\n","Group of soldiers firing a cannon in the field during combat. \n","Several cannons being fired during combat. \n","Soldiers marching and towing cannon. \n","Several groups of soldiers firing large cannons during combat.\n","Soldiers in the field with a cannon. \n","Fengtien soldiers standing with 150mm Howitzer cannon.\n","Two soldiers loading a mortar. \n","Two soldiers loading a mortar in an army camp.\n","Two soldiers posing with mortar and shell in an army camp.\n","Several soldiers load a mortar in an army camp.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers in the field during combat with tanks.\n","Soldiers fighting from behind a barricade. \n","Soldiers behind a barricade on a city street.\n","Soldiers in combat with machine guns. \n","Soldiers firing machine guns during combat. \n","Two soldiers posed with large binoculars. \n","Two soldiers engaged in combat on a street corner.\n","A group of soldiers on lookout, one perched on a large pole.\n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. \n","Japanese or Chinese cavalry marching in winter. Same image as 1-51 but with a different label.  \n","Soldier with gun.\n","Western (possibly Russian) sailors on street with civilians.\n","Western (possibly Russian) standing in a shallow trench in the street with other military personnel and civilians.\n","View from the street of a destroyed building, possibly a house.\n","Aerial view of several blocks of destroyed buildings due to combat. \n","Completely demolished street, strewn with rubble and no intact buildings. \n","Street scene with civilians and military walking through a public square. The buildings in the square have been heavily damaged due to combat. \n","Aerial view of a large section of destroyed city. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. \n","Demolished urban area with two large buildings intact in the background.\n","Demolished urban area with buildings in background.\n","Urban area destroyed by combat. \n","Damage due to combat in a   large section of a city along a river. In the background is a harbor with battle ships. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of an urban area along a river. \n","Aerial view of damage due to combat of a large urban area along a river including several bridges. \n","Street scene with civilians walking amongst destroyed buildings. \n","Chinese style tower destroyed by a Japanese shell. \n","Aerial view of people walking through the streets of a demolished city. In the background a large building remains intact. \n","Street scene of civilians walking through a demolished street. A large round building and overhead tram cables remain intact. \n","Pile of smoldering rubble. \n","Civilians weeding through rubble in a demolished street. In front of them is a large damaged building. \n","Civilian standing on a street corner in front of a completely demolished building. \n","View of a demolished street. In the background a temple can be seen. \n","Civilians walking, riding bikes and driving down a street in front of a very large destroyed building.\n","View of rubble \n","A soldier stands in front of destroyed buildings in full uniform with gun. \n","Destroyed Shanhaikwan pass through the Great Wall. Now modern day Shanhaiguan.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat.\n","Image of burn victims/casualties of combat, arranged in a pile.\n","Soldiers or civilians carrying victims on a stretcher. \n","War casualties arranged in a pile. \n","Mass grave or pile of war casualties. \n","Series 4 contains photographs from Manchuria of general subject matter. \n","Portrait of Chang Tso-Hsiang, Chinese Commander in Chief. \n","Dock or harbor loaded with sandbags and other supplies.\n","Large ship docked at a harbor with personnel loading or unloading supplies. \n","Several battleships at sea, possibly during combat. \n","Western troops on a street corner with a horse cart. \n","Aerial view of the Great Wall of China.\n","Image of people standing, sitting, and walking in a public square. Could possibly be a market. \n","Large ship out at sea with several other ships surrounding it.\n","Several automobiles driving down a city street. Buildings on the street are undergoing reconstruction/renovation. \n","Aerial view of a walled city or palace on a hill. \n","Man displaying a mortar bomb/shell. \n","The Great Fortress of \"Potala\" in Chengteh. Possibly the Chengde Mountain Resort.\n","Image of a western style building with graveyard in front. \n","Image of a western style building on a residential street. Possibly a large house or small hotel. \n","Image of a western style building with a fountain in front of it. Possibly a hotel. \n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","Large western style building in a busy city intersection.\n","View of the front steps and gate of a building. A sign on the gate has wording in Chinese.\n","View of the front steps of a building, decorated with Chinese lion statues. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[" The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. \n"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Japan. Rikugun--Slides.","Mr. Nagurney\n"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Special Collections and Archives.\n","Japan. 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