{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Drawings+%28visual+works%29","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Drawings+%28visual+works%29\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Drawings+%28visual+works%29\u0026page=12"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":12,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":112,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"A Confederate soldier","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c01"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"text":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings","A Confederate soldier","Drawings (visual works)","English"],"title_filing_ssi":"A Confederate soldier","title_ssm":["A Confederate soldier"],"title_tesim":["A Confederate soldier"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Confederate soldier"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1910],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_94.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00043.xml","title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Albert Z. Conner collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_373.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"title_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0293","/repositories/3/resources/373"],"text":["MS.0293","/repositories/3/resources/373","Albert Z. Conner collection","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1960-1969","Drawings (visual works)","There are no restrictions","Albert Z. Conner graduated from VMI with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He received his master's degree in government from Georgetown University in 1981. He served for 30 years in the federal service, consisting of 12 years in the army infantry and military intelligence branches and 18 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency (including a 12-year detail with the Central Intelligence Agency). His military experience included two combat tours in Vietnam. In later life Connor was an author and historian. He died in 2016.","The collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0293","/repositories/3/resources/373"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"creators_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1960-1969","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1960-1969","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet approximately 22 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet approximately 22 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Z. Conner graduated from VMI with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He received his master's degree in government from Georgetown University in 1981. He served for 30 years in the federal service, consisting of 12 years in the army infantry and military intelligence branches and 18 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency (including a 12-year detail with the Central Intelligence Agency). His military experience included two combat tours in Vietnam. In later life Connor was an author and historian. He died in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner graduated from VMI with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He received his master's degree in government from Georgetown University in 1981. He served for 30 years in the federal service, consisting of 12 years in the army infantry and military intelligence branches and 18 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency (including a 12-year detail with the Central Intelligence Agency). His military experience included two combat tours in Vietnam. In later life Connor was an author and historian. He died in 2016."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Z. Conner collection. Manuscript # 0293.  Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner collection. Manuscript # 0293.  Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d2fc2e30d813d3ac6119eb25de583f5f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_373.xml","title_ssm":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"title_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1965-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1965-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0293","/repositories/3/resources/373"],"text":["MS.0293","/repositories/3/resources/373","Albert Z. Conner collection","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1960-1969","Drawings (visual works)","There are no restrictions","Albert Z. Conner graduated from VMI with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He received his master's degree in government from Georgetown University in 1981. He served for 30 years in the federal service, consisting of 12 years in the army infantry and military intelligence branches and 18 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency (including a 12-year detail with the Central Intelligence Agency). His military experience included two combat tours in Vietnam. In later life Connor was an author and historian. He died in 2016.","The collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0293","/repositories/3/resources/373"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Z. Conner collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"creators_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1960-1969","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1966","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1960-1969","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet approximately 22 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet approximately 22 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Z. Conner graduated from VMI with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He received his master's degree in government from Georgetown University in 1981. He served for 30 years in the federal service, consisting of 12 years in the army infantry and military intelligence branches and 18 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency (including a 12-year detail with the Central Intelligence Agency). His military experience included two combat tours in Vietnam. In later life Connor was an author and historian. He died in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner graduated from VMI with a bachelor's degree in history in 1966. He received his master's degree in government from Georgetown University in 1981. He served for 30 years in the federal service, consisting of 12 years in the army infantry and military intelligence branches and 18 years with the Defense Intelligence Agency (including a 12-year detail with the Central Intelligence Agency). His military experience included two combat tours in Vietnam. In later life Connor was an author and historian. He died in 2016."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Z. Conner collection. Manuscript # 0293.  Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Albert Z. Conner collection. Manuscript # 0293.  Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection (approximately 22 items) consists of drawings by Cadet Albert Z. Conner (VMI Class of 1966), including 21 sketches of various VMI scenes and one sketchbook containing illustrations used in the 1966 publication \"The VMI Coloring Book.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d2fc2e30d813d3ac6119eb25de583f5f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Conner, Albert Z., Jr., 1943-2016"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_373"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Anthony J. Drexel monument","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c03"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"text":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings","Anthony J. Drexel monument","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Drawings (visual works)","English","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."],"title_filing_ssi":"Anthony J. Drexel monument","title_ssm":["Anthony J. Drexel monument"],"title_tesim":["Anthony J. Drexel monument"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anthony J. Drexel monument"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1910],"names_ssim":["Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893"],"persname_ssim":["Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_94.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00043.xml","title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. 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Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1910],"names_ssim":["Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915"],"persname_ssim":["Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_94.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00043.xml","title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. 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Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"text":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings","A Sailor on the Westphalia","Drawings (visual works)","English"],"title_filing_ssi":"A Sailor on the Westphalia","title_ssm":["A Sailor on the Westphalia"],"title_tesim":["A Sailor on the Westphalia"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Sailor on the Westphalia"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":5,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1910],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_94.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00043.xml","title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. 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Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c06"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Bas relief","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c07","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c07"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c07","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"text":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings","Bas relief","Drawings (visual works)","English"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bas relief","title_ssm":["Bas relief"],"title_tesim":["Bas relief"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bas relief"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1910],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_94.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00043.xml","title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c07"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin B. Hotchkiss","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings"],"text":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Pen and ink drawings","Benjamin B. Hotchkiss","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Drawings (visual works)","English","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879."],"title_filing_ssi":"Benjamin B. Hotchkiss","title_ssm":["Benjamin B. Hotchkiss"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin B. Hotchkiss"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1910"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin B. Hotchkiss"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1910],"names_ssim":["Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885"],"persname_ssim":["Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_94.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00043.xml","title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"text":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94","Moses J. Ezekiel papers","Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions","Chronological","Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).","Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome","The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.","The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0010","/repositories/3/resources/94"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"collection_ssim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sculptors—Virginia","Sculptors—Rome (Italy)","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Artists","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll18\"\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Online Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers digital collection","There are no restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBusts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadonna for the Church La Tivoli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaith for the Cemetery of Rome\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApollo and Mercury in Berlin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStonewall Jackson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePan and Amor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Homer Group for the University of Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNapoleon I at St. Helena\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScores of other busts and reliefs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moses Jacob Ezekiel, the noted 19th century American Jewish sculptor, was born in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1844. One of 14 children of Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro, he had already started a mercantile career when he decided to attend college. Ezekiel entered VMI in September 1862, and during his VMI cadetship, took part in the Battle of New Market (May 15, 1864) and served in the trenches in defense of Richmond in the Spring of 1865.","Ezekiel graduated from VMI in 1866, and in 1867 began seriously to pursue his interest in art. He studied anatomy at the Medical College of Virginia and traveled to Cincinnati, Ohio where he studied at the Art School of J. Insco Williams and in the studio of T.D. Jones. In 1867 he sailed for Europe and entered the Royal Academy of Art in Berlin, Germany.","At the age of 29, Ezekiel won the prestigious Michel-Beer Prix de Rome for a bas relief entitled Israel. The prize money enabled him to travel to Rome, Italy where he established a studio and lived for the remainder of his life. Ezekiel executed nearly two hundred monuments in bronze and marble. Among his productions were the following:\n Busts of Lizst, Cardinal Hohenlohe, Eve, Homer, David, Judith, and Christ in the Tomb A statue of Mrs. Andrew W. White for Cornell University Madonna for the Church La Tivoli Faith for the Cemetery of Rome Apollo and Mercury in Berlin Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson Pan and Amor The Fountain of Neptune for the city of Netturno, Italy A bust of Lord Sherbrooke for St. Margaret, Westminister, London The Jefferson Monument for Louisville, Kentucky The Homer Group for the University of Virginia Virginia Mourning Her Dead for VMI Napoleon I at St. Helena A monument to Senator Daniel, Lynchburg, Virginia The Confederate Soldiers' Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia Scores of other busts and reliefs \nEzekiel died in Italy on March 27, 1917, but because of World War I, his body was not returned to the United States until 1921. He is buried at the foot of the Confederate Memorial in Section 16 of Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRome July 23, 1904\u003cbr\u003e\nMy dear Comrade and Friend.\u003cbr\u003e\nIn auld lang syne.\u003cbr\u003e\nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026amp; then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026amp; then his sister \u0026amp; finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026amp; Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026amp; on my mother's side in Richmond Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEntered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026amp; painting \u0026amp; modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026amp; published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026amp; this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026amp; returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026amp; let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026amp; a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026amp; with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026amp; when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026amp; then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThat statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026amp; not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026amp; when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnd now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026amp; place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026amp; I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am always your comrade and friend\u003cbr\u003e\nMoses J. Ezekiel\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18 Piazza Termini\u003cbr\u003e\nBaths of Diocletian\u003cbr\u003e\nRome\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Rome July 23, 1904 \nMy dear Comrade and Friend. \nIn auld lang syne. \nI have again been prevented (by the retarded coming to Rome, of those who were to see my colossal statue of Mr. Drexel in clay before casting it in Bronze) from joining my old Cadet comrades in answering the last roll call and receiving the medal; which if still given to me, I should value above any earthly possession. After the Battle of New Market was over and we who survived answered the roll call on the field, I was in search of the wounded and found my room mate and comrade Thomas Jefferson lying on the floor of a hut quite exhausted and wounded in the breast. It was night and I was without shoes, as I had been all day and I went to the town of New Market and got a wagon and carried him to the house of Mrs. Clinedinst who gave me a bed for him on the ground floor- She had two daughters Anne and Lydie. It was Sunday night late when I got him into bed and from that time up to Tuesday night at about 11 o'clock I never left many cadets found both food and shelter was extremely kind to us all, and gave me every possible help for my friend. I always hoped to save Jefferson and that last evening when he asked me to read from St. John \"In my Father's house are many mansions\" \u0026 then began to wander in mind and thought I was his mother \u0026 then his sister \u0026 finally asked me to make a light, it was only then it dawned upon me that all hope was past and in his agony- as our gallant color bearer Evans was there with me I went up to call the family of Clinedinst (who had been as kind as it was possible for people to be all through those sad days) and they came down with candles in their hands whilst I had Jefferson in my arms, and he died. I washed and prepared him for burial and carried his mother a lock of his hair after we returned to Richmond.","As you want me to give you a kind of record of myself and according to the prospectus you sent I take pleasure in doing so. My parents were Jacob Ezekiel and Catherine de Castro\nMy grandparents Jacob de Castro \u0026 Hannah Pepper- Maternal and Michael Ezekiel  and Rebekah Israel - Paternal grandparents","My Parents were living in Richmond Va. when I was matriculated.","My Grandparents and great grandparents, are on my father's side buried in Philadelphia \u0026 on my mother's side in Richmond Va.","I was born in Richmond Va. Oct. 28, 1844.","Entered the V.M.I. the second year of the War and when back to reform the Corps, and graduated in the first class after the War. I gathered up in Lexington all the books and paintings I could find that had been dispersed by Hunter's Raid and reorganized the debating society, and gave the pictures later to the Letcher family and others, to whom they belonged. I was orderly sergeant of Company on the Intermediate lines below Richmond.","I was never a student at any institution before going to the V.M.I. But matriculated later and studied anatomy at the Richmond Medical College at night and from my 12th year on, kept books for my grandparents, and spent any spare hours in drawing \u0026 painting \u0026 modelling, never having a teacher of any kind, and it was then I modelled my Father's Bust which is still considered a good likeness.","I have I see given my War record first. But must add that I was slightly wounded in the Battle of New Market. But as the ball passed through my jacket and only grazed my breast, I took no notice of it. I was arrested and put in Castle Thunder in Richmond after the surrender, because I refused to take the oath of allegiance. About this time I wrote a letter which was published in all of the leading American papers, in which I denounced General Grant, comparing him to the worst Czars of Russia- for his famous or rather infamous Order No. 11, in which he prohibited any Jew in the U.S. Army having any concern in the Quarter Master's department. I do not now remember any more of it, than that I gathered the statistics \u0026 published them proving that the abuses in that department had not been done by Jews at all- and called upon all men in the United States of that persuasion or religion to vote for any man for the next President rather than for General Grant.","The General replied to my letter in the papers by deploring that he had ever published that Order No. 11 which he said he had given out upon information which be found out later was false. Meanwhile a secret carpet bag or political Yankee Committee in Richmond, sent me a letter saying that my life would be in danger if I stayed in Richmond after writing and publishing such a letter about General Grant their Hero: \u0026 this letter was forwarded to me, to Amelia County, at the Home of Mr. Garland Jefferson, the father of my dead comrade, where I had gone to carry the lock of hair of the dead boy to his mother. So I immediately on the receipt of that letter of intimidation jumped on to the first freight train that passed Amelia Courthouse \u0026 returned to Richmond. I went about my own affairs during the days, but coming home at night and passing 17th Street the concealed Ruffians fired at me from their concealment in the old market \u0026 let loose a shower of stones which smashed a number of windows, but left me unharmed. I reported at once to the Police Station in the bell house. But none of the gang were found \u0026 a second letter advising me to leave town came. But I took no notice of it, and so it all ended. As my Parents house had been rifled by the mob at the evacuation, and my Fathers store rooms of cotton and tobacco burned up, with the loss of an entire fortune of at least ¼ of million dollars, I staid at home, \u0026 with my youngest brother helped as well as we could to begin a little business and earn enough to live upon in a slender way, \u0026 when my father had again been able to start into a new business, I went West, and staid in Cincinnati a year, working for the first time in the studio of Mr. Jones (in 1868), a sculptor of some merit and well known there.","I then modelled my first statuette of \"Industry\", which was exhibited there, and the favorable criticism in the papers encouraged me penniless as I was to go abroad. I sold a breast pin I owned- which enabled me to travel second class to Berlin (in 1869) where I matriculated at the Royal Academy and passed the examination. In order to continue my studies I gave lessons in English in the mornings early- and drawing lessons at night, and spent the rest of the time at the academy, where I was elected by my Colleagues president of the Art Students league at the Academy. I also worked in the studio of Prof. [Siemernig] \u0026 then of Prof. Wolff and often worked In the open air or buildings in Berlin then in construction modelling heads and carytids and ornaments in order to earn an extra dollar. No one ever knew that I needed anything and I led a happy life all the same, and the Bohemian life of the student was mine also, to the fullest extent. I modelled then the ¾ life sized figure of Virginia Mourning her Dead and sent Mrs. General Lee a photo of it, as I was always in correspondence with that estimable wife of our Great Hero.","That statue I have always kept and it is now in my studio here, and is the model of the statue my brother cadets were good enough to unveil at the parade ground of our Alma Mater last year.","My finally gaining the Prix de Rome at the academy- and my being honored for my art works by the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and the German Emperor and the Medal from the Art Society in Rome, my various works in America, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Russia are not subjects for my writing about: I have with all this the sincere regret that I have never been called upon in my own home Virginia, nor in the South, to execute a single work of art- excepting the one for my own comrades which links me forever with the Alma Mater, the V.M.I., where every stone, and every blade of grass is dear to me- and the name of Cadet of the V.M.I. the proudest and most honored title I can ever possess.","Of course my comrade I am writing this as a letter to you \u0026 not one for publication. You can glean from it any particulars you may choose for your Biography, of which I shall want several copies, besides I do want to contribute my mite to the picture of General Scott Shipp, and am surprised that I was not asked to do so as an Alumnus.","There never was any one I admired more than I did our then Col. Shipp, and when in the battle of New Market, his horse was wounded and he was down, I could not help running to him, to ask if he was hurt \u0026 when he said \"no, go ahead\" I left him. Randolph too was shot when we were shoulder to shoulder. He had just said smiling, there's no use dodging boys, if a ball's going to hit you, it'll hit you anyway! When he fell, I thought he was dead. But I found him at night in the hospital.","And now let me tell you that it has been a real grief to me not to have been able to join either last year or this year in the Corps Ceremonies which were of such deep interest to me. But I am under contract to finish a monument this fall \u0026 place it in Fairmount Park Philadelphia \u0026 I have several other works to finish and deliver and I could not come home until I could bring the monument and place it in position. These are hard facts, and have interfered with what would have been nearest to my own heart. But you will now understand it all.","Your kind letter has been waiting a long time to be answered, and it only seems a few weeks to me, as my life here is so full and every day brings me visitors from home or elsewhere, and so many duties, that for a couple of months I have absolutely had to neglect pen and ink nolens volens so I throw myself upon your kind indulgence, and with the most sincere and affectionate greetings","I am always your comrade and friend \nMoses J. Ezekiel","18 Piazza Termini \nBaths of Diocletian \nRome"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Moses J. Ezekiel papers, 1867-1917. MS 0010. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe VMI Archives also holds a \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3746\"\u003ecollection of photographs\u003c/a\u003e related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The VMI Archives also holds a  collection of photographs  related to Ezekiel. Included are images of Ezekiel, his studio in Rome, Italy, and various examples of his sculptures."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMemoirs from the Baths of Diocletian\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrint material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEzekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Moses J. Ezekiel papers consist of the papers of noted 19th century sculptor Moses J. Ezekiel, including:\n Correspondence to VMI superintendent Edward W. Nichols and others (dated 1867-1917), some relating to the design of the Battle of New Market memorial sculpture Virginia Mourning Her Dead Pen and ink sketches by Ezekiel (approximately 67 items) A typescript version of Ezekiel's autobiography Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian Print material","Includes letters to General Edward W. Nichols and Greenlee Letcher concerning Virginia Mourning Her Dead (New Market Monument) and the Stonewall Jackson statue at VMI. Also includes postcards sent primarily to family members, including Henry C. Ezekiel and Rebecca Ezekiel.","Autobiographical letter from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI historian Joseph R. Anderson, Jr. In the letter, Ezekiel recounts his experience as a VMI cadet at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864 and his post-VMI career through July 1904. He discusses caring for his classmate Thomas G. Jefferson, who was mortally wounded in the Battle and expresses regret for missing VMI reunion at which New Market Medals were issued to veterans.","Drawing of the bronze statue of Anthony J. Drexel, the Philadelphia financier and the founder of Drexel University. The monument was commissioned by Drexel's partner, John H. Harjes of Paris, France and donated to the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","Drawing of Anton Alexander von Werner (1843-1915), a German historical painter known for painting scenes from the Franco Prussian War.","Drawing of Benjamin B. Hotchkiss (1826-1885), a leading American gunmaker and ordnance engineer. Moses J. Ezekiel molded a bust of Hotchkiss in clay and cast it in bronze in 1879.","A drawing of Bacchante, a classical figure from Greek and  Roman mythology that is priestess or female votary of Bacchus.","A drawing of Jesus Christ, based on the bronze torso.","Detail from marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the marble sculpture, 1896, located in the Chapelle de Notre Dame de Consolation, Paris.","Drawing of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing shows the frieze that comprises part of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of the main figure of the Confederate Memorial monument in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","Drawing of Eva Cattermole (1849-1896), known as \"Contessa Lara\" who was an Italian poet, writer, and friend of Moses J. Ezekiel.","A drawing of Daniel Collin, a German publisher whom Moses J. Ezekiel became friends with in Berlin, Germany.","A sketch of a clay model of proposed David G. Farragut monument. Moses J. Ezekiel created a model to enter in a competition in 1873, but his work was not chosen.","Drawing of Edith Lack, from Plymouth, England. She was the youngest daughter of a family that Moses J. Ezekiel met while traveling to Rome, Italy in 1874.","Drawing of Fanny Lewald, a German novelist and champion of women's rights.","Drawing of Fedor Encke, one of Moses J. Ezekiel's classmates at the Berlin Academy.","Drawing of Francis H. Smith who was VMI superintendent from 1839 to 1889. Moses J. Ezekiel knew him during his own cadetship.","Drawing of George Washington Custis Lee. Lee taught at VMI immediately after the Civil War and after the death in 1870 of his father, Robert E. Lee, who was President of Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia.","A drawing of Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1823-1896).","Drawing of guests inside Moses J. Ezekiel's studio.","Drawing of Israel, a bas relief, which was Moses J. Ezekiel's first significant work.","This drawing is of the bust of Jacob Ezekiel, Moses J. Ezekiel's father.","Jennie McGraw Fiske was a member of a prominent family who provided significant philanthropic support to Cornell University, New York. In 1904 the University commissioned Moses J. Ezekiel to produce this recumbent statue and it was completed in June 1907.","Drawing of John H. Harjes, a German born financier. Moses J. Ezekiel, a friend of the family, cast this bronze bust in 1881.","Drawing of Judas Maccabees, a Jewish military leader who was victorious in 165 B.C.","The Robert Gamble Cabell family of Richmond, Virginia were childhood friends of Moses J. Ezekiel. Two Cabell brothers attended VMI and both fought in the Battle of New Market with Ezekiel. William Cabell was one of the cadets killed in the battle.","Drawing of Lola Montez, a British born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She settled in New York and appeared on stage in the United States. Moses J. Ezekiel saw a performance in Richmond, Virginia sometime before 1861.","Drawing of Nadine Helbig, a Russian born author who married Wofgang Helbig.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Keziah, an Ezekiel family slave.","Drawing of Mammy Mary, a slave owned by the Ezekiel family during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. He refers to her in his memoirs as \"my mammy Mary.\"","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of Mary Custis Lee (1806-1873) who was the great granddaughter of Martha Washington and the wife of Robert E. Lee.","Drawing of a crypt monument at Sage Chapel, Cornell University, New York.","Drawing of Mary Triplett of Richmond, Virginia. She was one of the \"belles\" of the city, along with Lizzy Cabell. She was the sister of Moses J. Ezekiel's fellow VMI cadet, John R. Triplett.","A drawing of a member of a German family with whom Moses J. Ezekiel was acquainted.","Drawing of Adolfo de Bosis and his wife. He was an Italian poet and lawyer who translated Shelley into Italian and edited the Review Il Convito.","Drawing of the wife of German publisher Daniel Collin.","Drawing of Nannie Whitmell Tunstall, the sister of John L. Tunstall, who attended VMI with Moses J. Ezekiel. In 1886, Ezekiel created a 16 by 21 inch marble intaglio bas-relief of Tunstall, made during her visit to Rome, Italy. The piece is owned by VMI.","Drawing of the Neptune statue Moses J. Ezekiel created for a fountain in Nettuno, Italy. The statue was destroyed during World War II.","Drawing of Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian statesman.","Drawing is likely of a slave in the Ezekiel household in Richmond, Virginia.  No further information is known at this time.","Drawing of Pan and Amor bas relief.","Drawing of Moses J. Ezekiel's proposed Robert E. Lee monument for a competition in 1886. Another sculptor's work was chosen and Ezekiel's concept was never executed.","Drawing of Robert Hausmann, a German cellist.","Drawing of Scott Shipp, VMI Class of 1859, who served as commandant and later as VMI's second superintendent. He was commandant during Moses J. Ezekiel's cadetship and was in command at the Battle of New Market.","Drawing of the Southern monument, which was one of the first monuments in the north dedicated to the Confederate soldier. It was commissioned by the Cincinnati, Ohio chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This drawing is based on the photo of Stonewall Jackson known as the Chancellorsville photograph.","A drawing of the entrance to Moses J. Ezekiel's studio, Baths of Diocletian, Rome.","Drawing of cadet Thomas G. Jefferson who was mortally wounded at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864.","Drawing of \"White Lucy,\" who was a slave in Richmond, Virginia during Moses J. Ezekiel's childhood. When her owner threatened sale, Jacob Ezekiel intervened and she was given the job of seamstress in the Ezekiel home. The family later rented a house for her, and she made a living as a washerwoman and seamstress. She died circa 1866. Her surname does not appear in Ezekiel's memoirs.","This memorial publication was sent from Moses J. Ezekiel to VMI Superintendent Scott Shipp. The publication is annotated by Shipp.","Photograph of Robert E. Lee and of Lee's Farewell Address. This photograph was given to Moses J. Ezekiel by Mrs. Robert E. Lee.","Ezekiel family scrapbook possibly compiled by H. C. Ezekiel. The scrapbook contains documents, most pertaining to various members of the Ezekiel family. Many documents are from the Civil War era, 1863-1865.","Typescript titled \"Memoirs from the Baths of Diocletian.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_94afa6f1fee03d75868e399d1499d701\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Nichols, E. W. (Edward West), 1858-1927","Jefferson, Thomas G. (Thomas Garland), 1847-1864","Anderson, Joseph R., Jr. (Joseph Reid), 1851-1930","Drexel, Anthony Joseph, 1826-1893","Werner, Anton von, 1843-1915","Hotchkiss, Benjamin B., 1826-1885","Christ, Jesus, circa 6-4 B.C.E.-circa 30 C.E.","Lara, Contessa, 1849-1896","Lewald, Fanny, 1811-1889","Encke, Fedor, 1851-1936","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Lee, George Washington Custis, 1832-1913","Ezekiel, Jacob, 1812-1899","Montez, Lola, 1818-1861","Helbig, Nadine, 1847-1915","Lee, Mary Custis, 1835-1918","White, Mary Outwater, 1836-1887","de Bosis, Adolfo, 1863-1924","Tunstall, Nannie Whitmell","Bismarck, Otto von, 1815-1898","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Hausmann, Robert, 1852-1909","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_94_c02_c05"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clemmer, Betty Brown","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_541.xml","title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-2015","1943-1949"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"text":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541","Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1943-1949 Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015","Obituary of Willis Lee Clemmer,  The News Leader , July 12, 2013.","The Schoolma'am , 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","The Schoolma'am , 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Betty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.","Willis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America.","The Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip.","The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1943-1949, largely comprises love letters between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship and subsequent engagement when Betty was a student at Madison College. They are sentimental and endearing overall, but are also gossipy and newsy in nature, providing updates on family members, community happenings, and each other's social life.","Correspondence to Betty primarily comprises letters from Willis written during their courtship and are, as a result, affectionate and longing in nature. In writing to Betty, Willis also describes his daily activities of playing sports, driving cars, and seeing movies, in addition to providing updates on family and neighbors. Letters to Betty also include early love letters from gentleman callers other than Willis. She received letters from boys who were attending Virginia Tech, Randolph Macon, and Fork Union Military Academy. Letters presumably from high school beaus are also included. Other correspondents include Betty's mother Ruth Moseley Brown, Betty's grandmother Nannie Clay Brown, and fellow Madison College students. A March 15, 1949 from one of Betty's former classmates, Bunny Maifield, describes the goings-on at Madison College including girls getting caught by the watchmen \"night riding\" as well as a \"bunch of drunk Virginia boys came over and took over the place.\"","Willis' letters are primarily from Betty, but also include letters from friends and family. A selection of 1945 letters were written to Willis while he was stationed at Keesler Field in Mississippi. The content of these letters describe tales of escapades back home and friends going to Madison College on dates. While Betty's letters to Willis are mostly affectionate and playful in nature, they also document her school and home life. Of particular interest is an August 11, 1948 letter from Betty to Willis while she is home in Baskerville for the summer. She describes an incident with an African-American child stepping on a nail and not receiving proper medical care. In describing this incident, Betty uses racist language and characterizations of the child's family.","Beyond their overall sentiments of affection, Betty's letters to Willis provide insight into her life as a student at Madison College. Betty comments on her schoolwork, exams, studying, social life, entertainment, going downtown (buying food, going to the movies, going to Friddles), and rules and regulations (March 23, 1948: \"All my plans for going home have gone 'hay-wire.' Dr. Duke said today that we had to have a chaperone and at this late date we can't find anyone. I could cuss him - wonder what he thinks a busload of girls are going to do in broad open daylight - must think we are terrible\"). Betty frequently mentions her dissatisfaction with school and refers to Madison College as Hell or a hell-hole. Additionally, in several letters to Willis (December 4, 1947; September 28, 1948; etc.), Betty describes her presumed struggles with an apparent eating disorder.","A selection of \"special letters\" (as designated by the donor) concern Betty's engagement announcement, upcoming wedding, and Ruth Moseley Brown's visit to Chicago, etc. These letters are interfiled according to date and include Betty to Willis, April 13, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 17, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 15, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, April 8, 1948 (\"hoping you'd set the world on fire before getting married\"); Willis to Betty, April 11, 1949; Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, January 14, 1949 (letter after quitting school to get married); Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, May 3, 1948; Rev. Claude Moseley (uncle) to Betty, March 31, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, March 9, 1948.","Series 2: Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015, comprise personal papers belonging to Betty and Willis Clemmer as well as personal and family biographies. Materials also relate to Augusta County history. ","This series includes photographs - originals and facsimiles - of the Clemmers as well as Ruth Moseley Brown during her high school and college years.","The Clemmers' personal papers include materials and coursework from Betty's time at Madison College, specifically drawings from Basic Art 2 in which she was assigned to draw home furnishings and clothing. Alimae Aiken was Betty's instructor. Willis' transcripts from Lee High School and documents from the Veterans Administration are included.","The series also comprises several Clemmer family biographies, autobiographies, and histories related to Augusta County, Virginia. Willis' reminiscences, written in 1993-1994, document his memories of growing up in Augusta County. A history of Seawright Springs (Mt. Solon) compiled by Augusta County historian Ralph Coffman includes photographs and other materials related to the resort. The Seawright Springs history includes a partial transcript of Alexander Stuart Coffman's 1864 diary and a transcript of a March 26, 1907 letter from Charles Curry (a lawyer in Staunton) to an A. C. Gorden regarding the geography and folklore of specific Augusta County locations. ","Two self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"collection_ssim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creator_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creators_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Betty Brown Clemmer in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.72 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.72 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1943-1949\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1943-1949 Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary of Willis Lee Clemmer, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e, July 12, 2013.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary of Willis Lee Clemmer,  The News Leader , July 12, 2013.","The Schoolma'am , 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","The Schoolma'am , 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBetty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.","Willis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [Identifier, box/container]. Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers, SC 0280. James Madison University Libraries Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), SC 0280, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [Identifier, box/container]. Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers, SC 0280. James Madison University Libraries Special Collections.","[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), SC 0280, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1943-1949, largely comprises love letters between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship and subsequent engagement when Betty was a student at Madison College. They are sentimental and endearing overall, but are also gossipy and newsy in nature, providing updates on family members, community happenings, and each other's social life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Betty primarily comprises letters from Willis written during their courtship and are, as a result, affectionate and longing in nature. In writing to Betty, Willis also describes his daily activities of playing sports, driving cars, and seeing movies, in addition to providing updates on family and neighbors. Letters to Betty also include early love letters from gentleman callers other than Willis. She received letters from boys who were attending Virginia Tech, Randolph Macon, and Fork Union Military Academy. Letters presumably from high school beaus are also included. Other correspondents include Betty's mother Ruth Moseley Brown, Betty's grandmother Nannie Clay Brown, and fellow Madison College students. A March 15, 1949 from one of Betty's former classmates, Bunny Maifield, describes the goings-on at Madison College including girls getting caught by the watchmen \"night riding\" as well as a \"bunch of drunk Virginia boys came over and took over the place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis' letters are primarily from Betty, but also include letters from friends and family. A selection of 1945 letters were written to Willis while he was stationed at Keesler Field in Mississippi. The content of these letters describe tales of escapades back home and friends going to Madison College on dates. While Betty's letters to Willis are mostly affectionate and playful in nature, they also document her school and home life. Of particular interest is an August 11, 1948 letter from Betty to Willis while she is home in Baskerville for the summer. She describes an incident with an African-American child stepping on a nail and not receiving proper medical care. In describing this incident, Betty uses racist language and characterizations of the child's family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond their overall sentiments of affection, Betty's letters to Willis provide insight into her life as a student at Madison College. Betty comments on her schoolwork, exams, studying, social life, entertainment, going downtown (buying food, going to the movies, going to Friddles), and rules and regulations (March 23, 1948: \"All my plans for going home have gone 'hay-wire.' Dr. Duke said today that we had to have a chaperone and at this late date we can't find anyone. I could cuss him - wonder what he thinks a busload of girls are going to do in broad open daylight - must think we are terrible\"). Betty frequently mentions her dissatisfaction with school and refers to Madison College as Hell or a hell-hole. Additionally, in several letters to Willis (December 4, 1947; September 28, 1948; etc.), Betty describes her presumed struggles with an apparent eating disorder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA selection of \"special letters\" (as designated by the donor) concern Betty's engagement announcement, upcoming wedding, and Ruth Moseley Brown's visit to Chicago, etc. These letters are interfiled according to date and include Betty to Willis, April 13, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 17, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 15, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, April 8, 1948 (\"hoping you'd set the world on fire before getting married\"); Willis to Betty, April 11, 1949; Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, January 14, 1949 (letter after quitting school to get married); Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, May 3, 1948; Rev. Claude Moseley (uncle) to Betty, March 31, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, March 9, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015, comprise personal papers belonging to Betty and Willis Clemmer as well as personal and family biographies. Materials also relate to Augusta County history. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs - originals and facsimiles - of the Clemmers as well as Ruth Moseley Brown during her high school and college years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Clemmers' personal papers include materials and coursework from Betty's time at Madison College, specifically drawings from Basic Art 2 in which she was assigned to draw home furnishings and clothing. Alimae Aiken was Betty's instructor. Willis' transcripts from Lee High School and documents from the Veterans Administration are included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe series also comprises several Clemmer family biographies, autobiographies, and histories related to Augusta County, Virginia. Willis' reminiscences, written in 1993-1994, document his memories of growing up in Augusta County. A history of Seawright Springs (Mt. Solon) compiled by Augusta County historian Ralph Coffman includes photographs and other materials related to the resort. The Seawright Springs history includes a partial transcript of Alexander Stuart Coffman's 1864 diary and a transcript of a March 26, 1907 letter from Charles Curry (a lawyer in Staunton) to an A. C. Gorden regarding the geography and folklore of specific Augusta County locations. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1943-1949, largely comprises love letters between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship and subsequent engagement when Betty was a student at Madison College. They are sentimental and endearing overall, but are also gossipy and newsy in nature, providing updates on family members, community happenings, and each other's social life.","Correspondence to Betty primarily comprises letters from Willis written during their courtship and are, as a result, affectionate and longing in nature. In writing to Betty, Willis also describes his daily activities of playing sports, driving cars, and seeing movies, in addition to providing updates on family and neighbors. Letters to Betty also include early love letters from gentleman callers other than Willis. She received letters from boys who were attending Virginia Tech, Randolph Macon, and Fork Union Military Academy. Letters presumably from high school beaus are also included. Other correspondents include Betty's mother Ruth Moseley Brown, Betty's grandmother Nannie Clay Brown, and fellow Madison College students. A March 15, 1949 from one of Betty's former classmates, Bunny Maifield, describes the goings-on at Madison College including girls getting caught by the watchmen \"night riding\" as well as a \"bunch of drunk Virginia boys came over and took over the place.\"","Willis' letters are primarily from Betty, but also include letters from friends and family. A selection of 1945 letters were written to Willis while he was stationed at Keesler Field in Mississippi. The content of these letters describe tales of escapades back home and friends going to Madison College on dates. While Betty's letters to Willis are mostly affectionate and playful in nature, they also document her school and home life. Of particular interest is an August 11, 1948 letter from Betty to Willis while she is home in Baskerville for the summer. She describes an incident with an African-American child stepping on a nail and not receiving proper medical care. In describing this incident, Betty uses racist language and characterizations of the child's family.","Beyond their overall sentiments of affection, Betty's letters to Willis provide insight into her life as a student at Madison College. Betty comments on her schoolwork, exams, studying, social life, entertainment, going downtown (buying food, going to the movies, going to Friddles), and rules and regulations (March 23, 1948: \"All my plans for going home have gone 'hay-wire.' Dr. Duke said today that we had to have a chaperone and at this late date we can't find anyone. I could cuss him - wonder what he thinks a busload of girls are going to do in broad open daylight - must think we are terrible\"). Betty frequently mentions her dissatisfaction with school and refers to Madison College as Hell or a hell-hole. Additionally, in several letters to Willis (December 4, 1947; September 28, 1948; etc.), Betty describes her presumed struggles with an apparent eating disorder.","A selection of \"special letters\" (as designated by the donor) concern Betty's engagement announcement, upcoming wedding, and Ruth Moseley Brown's visit to Chicago, etc. These letters are interfiled according to date and include Betty to Willis, April 13, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 17, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 15, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, April 8, 1948 (\"hoping you'd set the world on fire before getting married\"); Willis to Betty, April 11, 1949; Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, January 14, 1949 (letter after quitting school to get married); Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, May 3, 1948; Rev. Claude Moseley (uncle) to Betty, March 31, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, March 9, 1948.","Series 2: Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015, comprise personal papers belonging to Betty and Willis Clemmer as well as personal and family biographies. Materials also relate to Augusta County history. ","This series includes photographs - originals and facsimiles - of the Clemmers as well as Ruth Moseley Brown during her high school and college years.","The Clemmers' personal papers include materials and coursework from Betty's time at Madison College, specifically drawings from Basic Art 2 in which she was assigned to draw home furnishings and clothing. Alimae Aiken was Betty's instructor. Willis' transcripts from Lee High School and documents from the Veterans Administration are included.","The series also comprises several Clemmer family biographies, autobiographies, and histories related to Augusta County, Virginia. Willis' reminiscences, written in 1993-1994, document his memories of growing up in Augusta County. A history of Seawright Springs (Mt. Solon) compiled by Augusta County historian Ralph Coffman includes photographs and other materials related to the resort. The Seawright Springs history includes a partial transcript of Alexander Stuart Coffman's 1864 diary and a transcript of a March 26, 1907 letter from Charles Curry (a lawyer in Staunton) to an A. C. Gorden regarding the geography and folklore of specific Augusta County locations. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b6bfd9caf198153b7116f55373de457e\"\u003eThe Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:39.142Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_541","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_541.xml","title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-2015","1943-1949"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1943-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"text":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541","Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1943-1949 Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015","Obituary of Willis Lee Clemmer,  The News Leader , July 12, 2013.","The Schoolma'am , 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","The Schoolma'am , 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Betty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.","Willis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America.","The Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip.","The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1943-1949, largely comprises love letters between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship and subsequent engagement when Betty was a student at Madison College. They are sentimental and endearing overall, but are also gossipy and newsy in nature, providing updates on family members, community happenings, and each other's social life.","Correspondence to Betty primarily comprises letters from Willis written during their courtship and are, as a result, affectionate and longing in nature. In writing to Betty, Willis also describes his daily activities of playing sports, driving cars, and seeing movies, in addition to providing updates on family and neighbors. Letters to Betty also include early love letters from gentleman callers other than Willis. She received letters from boys who were attending Virginia Tech, Randolph Macon, and Fork Union Military Academy. Letters presumably from high school beaus are also included. Other correspondents include Betty's mother Ruth Moseley Brown, Betty's grandmother Nannie Clay Brown, and fellow Madison College students. A March 15, 1949 from one of Betty's former classmates, Bunny Maifield, describes the goings-on at Madison College including girls getting caught by the watchmen \"night riding\" as well as a \"bunch of drunk Virginia boys came over and took over the place.\"","Willis' letters are primarily from Betty, but also include letters from friends and family. A selection of 1945 letters were written to Willis while he was stationed at Keesler Field in Mississippi. The content of these letters describe tales of escapades back home and friends going to Madison College on dates. While Betty's letters to Willis are mostly affectionate and playful in nature, they also document her school and home life. Of particular interest is an August 11, 1948 letter from Betty to Willis while she is home in Baskerville for the summer. She describes an incident with an African-American child stepping on a nail and not receiving proper medical care. In describing this incident, Betty uses racist language and characterizations of the child's family.","Beyond their overall sentiments of affection, Betty's letters to Willis provide insight into her life as a student at Madison College. Betty comments on her schoolwork, exams, studying, social life, entertainment, going downtown (buying food, going to the movies, going to Friddles), and rules and regulations (March 23, 1948: \"All my plans for going home have gone 'hay-wire.' Dr. Duke said today that we had to have a chaperone and at this late date we can't find anyone. I could cuss him - wonder what he thinks a busload of girls are going to do in broad open daylight - must think we are terrible\"). Betty frequently mentions her dissatisfaction with school and refers to Madison College as Hell or a hell-hole. Additionally, in several letters to Willis (December 4, 1947; September 28, 1948; etc.), Betty describes her presumed struggles with an apparent eating disorder.","A selection of \"special letters\" (as designated by the donor) concern Betty's engagement announcement, upcoming wedding, and Ruth Moseley Brown's visit to Chicago, etc. These letters are interfiled according to date and include Betty to Willis, April 13, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 17, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 15, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, April 8, 1948 (\"hoping you'd set the world on fire before getting married\"); Willis to Betty, April 11, 1949; Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, January 14, 1949 (letter after quitting school to get married); Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, May 3, 1948; Rev. Claude Moseley (uncle) to Betty, March 31, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, March 9, 1948.","Series 2: Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015, comprise personal papers belonging to Betty and Willis Clemmer as well as personal and family biographies. Materials also relate to Augusta County history. ","This series includes photographs - originals and facsimiles - of the Clemmers as well as Ruth Moseley Brown during her high school and college years.","The Clemmers' personal papers include materials and coursework from Betty's time at Madison College, specifically drawings from Basic Art 2 in which she was assigned to draw home furnishings and clothing. Alimae Aiken was Betty's instructor. Willis' transcripts from Lee High School and documents from the Veterans Administration are included.","The series also comprises several Clemmer family biographies, autobiographies, and histories related to Augusta County, Virginia. Willis' reminiscences, written in 1993-1994, document his memories of growing up in Augusta County. A history of Seawright Springs (Mt. Solon) compiled by Augusta County historian Ralph Coffman includes photographs and other materials related to the resort. The Seawright Springs history includes a partial transcript of Alexander Stuart Coffman's 1864 diary and a transcript of a March 26, 1907 letter from Charles Curry (a lawyer in Staunton) to an A. C. Gorden regarding the geography and folklore of specific Augusta County locations. ","Two self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0280","/repositories/4/resources/541"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"collection_ssim":["Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creator_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"creators_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Betty Brown Clemmer in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.72 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.72 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Love letters","Drawings (visual works)","Biographical sketches","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1943-1949\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1: Correspondence is arranged into subseries according to recipient. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1943-1949 Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary of Willis Lee Clemmer, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e, July 12, 2013.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary of Willis Lee Clemmer,  The News Leader , July 12, 2013.","The Schoolma'am , 1948. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","The Schoolma'am , 1949. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBetty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Betty Brown Clemmer was born in Chesterfield County, Virginia to Ruth Leigh Moseley Brown (1905-1998) and Henry Brown (1906-1985). After graduating as valedictorian from Buckhorn High School, Betty enrolled at Madison College in the fall of 1947 to pursue her studies in home economics education. Betty was a member of the German Club and Granddaughters' Club as her mother also attended the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg. While in Harrisonburg, Betty met Willis Clemmer of Staunton, Virginia and they were engaged in March 1948. She decided to postpone her college career in January 1949 in preparation for marrying Willis in April 1949. She returned to Madison College and graduated in 1966 with a bachelor's degree. Betty went on to teach elementary school for 29 years and volunteered at the Woodrow Wilson Birthplace Museum and Augusta Health Center.","Willis Clemmer (1926-2013) was born near Fairfield, Virginia to Viola Ralston Clemmer and Alva Lewis Clemmer. During WWII, while attending Lee High School in Staunton, Willis enlisted as a cadet pilot in the Army Air Forces, returning after the war to complete his high school degree. For a short period of time in 1946, Willis also enrolled in Shenandoah College in Dayton, Virginia. After graduating from Dunsmore Business College, Willis worked for Smith's Transfer, Westinghouse, and Staunton's Public Work Department. He had a particular fascination with automobiles and was a member of the Model A Ford Club of American and the Antique Automobile Club of America."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [Identifier, box/container]. Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers, SC 0280. James Madison University Libraries Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), SC 0280, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [Identifier, box/container]. Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer papers, SC 0280. James Madison University Libraries Special Collections.","[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), SC 0280, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Seawright Springs (Augusta County, Virginia) history compiled by Ralph Coffman was originally housed in a three-ring binder with each page in a plastic sleeve. The history was disbound and the plastic sleeves discarded. The pages were foldered together and in their orginal order in an acid-free folder. All pieces of correspondence were removed from their respective envelopes. The letters and envelopes were joined with a slip of acid-free paper and a stainless steel paper clip."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1943-1949, largely comprises love letters between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship and subsequent engagement when Betty was a student at Madison College. They are sentimental and endearing overall, but are also gossipy and newsy in nature, providing updates on family members, community happenings, and each other's social life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Betty primarily comprises letters from Willis written during their courtship and are, as a result, affectionate and longing in nature. In writing to Betty, Willis also describes his daily activities of playing sports, driving cars, and seeing movies, in addition to providing updates on family and neighbors. Letters to Betty also include early love letters from gentleman callers other than Willis. She received letters from boys who were attending Virginia Tech, Randolph Macon, and Fork Union Military Academy. Letters presumably from high school beaus are also included. Other correspondents include Betty's mother Ruth Moseley Brown, Betty's grandmother Nannie Clay Brown, and fellow Madison College students. A March 15, 1949 from one of Betty's former classmates, Bunny Maifield, describes the goings-on at Madison College including girls getting caught by the watchmen \"night riding\" as well as a \"bunch of drunk Virginia boys came over and took over the place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWillis' letters are primarily from Betty, but also include letters from friends and family. A selection of 1945 letters were written to Willis while he was stationed at Keesler Field in Mississippi. The content of these letters describe tales of escapades back home and friends going to Madison College on dates. While Betty's letters to Willis are mostly affectionate and playful in nature, they also document her school and home life. Of particular interest is an August 11, 1948 letter from Betty to Willis while she is home in Baskerville for the summer. She describes an incident with an African-American child stepping on a nail and not receiving proper medical care. In describing this incident, Betty uses racist language and characterizations of the child's family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond their overall sentiments of affection, Betty's letters to Willis provide insight into her life as a student at Madison College. Betty comments on her schoolwork, exams, studying, social life, entertainment, going downtown (buying food, going to the movies, going to Friddles), and rules and regulations (March 23, 1948: \"All my plans for going home have gone 'hay-wire.' Dr. Duke said today that we had to have a chaperone and at this late date we can't find anyone. I could cuss him - wonder what he thinks a busload of girls are going to do in broad open daylight - must think we are terrible\"). Betty frequently mentions her dissatisfaction with school and refers to Madison College as Hell or a hell-hole. Additionally, in several letters to Willis (December 4, 1947; September 28, 1948; etc.), Betty describes her presumed struggles with an apparent eating disorder.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA selection of \"special letters\" (as designated by the donor) concern Betty's engagement announcement, upcoming wedding, and Ruth Moseley Brown's visit to Chicago, etc. These letters are interfiled according to date and include Betty to Willis, April 13, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 17, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 15, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, April 8, 1948 (\"hoping you'd set the world on fire before getting married\"); Willis to Betty, April 11, 1949; Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, January 14, 1949 (letter after quitting school to get married); Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, May 3, 1948; Rev. Claude Moseley (uncle) to Betty, March 31, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, March 9, 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015, comprise personal papers belonging to Betty and Willis Clemmer as well as personal and family biographies. Materials also relate to Augusta County history. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs - originals and facsimiles - of the Clemmers as well as Ruth Moseley Brown during her high school and college years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Clemmers' personal papers include materials and coursework from Betty's time at Madison College, specifically drawings from Basic Art 2 in which she was assigned to draw home furnishings and clothing. Alimae Aiken was Betty's instructor. Willis' transcripts from Lee High School and documents from the Veterans Administration are included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe series also comprises several Clemmer family biographies, autobiographies, and histories related to Augusta County, Virginia. Willis' reminiscences, written in 1993-1994, document his memories of growing up in Augusta County. A history of Seawright Springs (Mt. Solon) compiled by Augusta County historian Ralph Coffman includes photographs and other materials related to the resort. The Seawright Springs history includes a partial transcript of Alexander Stuart Coffman's 1864 diary and a transcript of a March 26, 1907 letter from Charles Curry (a lawyer in Staunton) to an A. C. Gorden regarding the geography and folklore of specific Augusta County locations. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College including art drawings and program cards, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces including a patch and correspondence from the Veterans Administration, and family biographies and histories related to Augusta County.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1943-1949, largely comprises love letters between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship and subsequent engagement when Betty was a student at Madison College. They are sentimental and endearing overall, but are also gossipy and newsy in nature, providing updates on family members, community happenings, and each other's social life.","Correspondence to Betty primarily comprises letters from Willis written during their courtship and are, as a result, affectionate and longing in nature. In writing to Betty, Willis also describes his daily activities of playing sports, driving cars, and seeing movies, in addition to providing updates on family and neighbors. Letters to Betty also include early love letters from gentleman callers other than Willis. She received letters from boys who were attending Virginia Tech, Randolph Macon, and Fork Union Military Academy. Letters presumably from high school beaus are also included. Other correspondents include Betty's mother Ruth Moseley Brown, Betty's grandmother Nannie Clay Brown, and fellow Madison College students. A March 15, 1949 from one of Betty's former classmates, Bunny Maifield, describes the goings-on at Madison College including girls getting caught by the watchmen \"night riding\" as well as a \"bunch of drunk Virginia boys came over and took over the place.\"","Willis' letters are primarily from Betty, but also include letters from friends and family. A selection of 1945 letters were written to Willis while he was stationed at Keesler Field in Mississippi. The content of these letters describe tales of escapades back home and friends going to Madison College on dates. While Betty's letters to Willis are mostly affectionate and playful in nature, they also document her school and home life. Of particular interest is an August 11, 1948 letter from Betty to Willis while she is home in Baskerville for the summer. She describes an incident with an African-American child stepping on a nail and not receiving proper medical care. In describing this incident, Betty uses racist language and characterizations of the child's family.","Beyond their overall sentiments of affection, Betty's letters to Willis provide insight into her life as a student at Madison College. Betty comments on her schoolwork, exams, studying, social life, entertainment, going downtown (buying food, going to the movies, going to Friddles), and rules and regulations (March 23, 1948: \"All my plans for going home have gone 'hay-wire.' Dr. Duke said today that we had to have a chaperone and at this late date we can't find anyone. I could cuss him - wonder what he thinks a busload of girls are going to do in broad open daylight - must think we are terrible\"). Betty frequently mentions her dissatisfaction with school and refers to Madison College as Hell or a hell-hole. Additionally, in several letters to Willis (December 4, 1947; September 28, 1948; etc.), Betty describes her presumed struggles with an apparent eating disorder.","A selection of \"special letters\" (as designated by the donor) concern Betty's engagement announcement, upcoming wedding, and Ruth Moseley Brown's visit to Chicago, etc. These letters are interfiled according to date and include Betty to Willis, April 13, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 17, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, September 15, 1947; Ruth Brown to Betty, April 8, 1948 (\"hoping you'd set the world on fire before getting married\"); Willis to Betty, April 11, 1949; Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, January 14, 1949 (letter after quitting school to get married); Nannie Clay Brown to Betty, May 3, 1948; Rev. Claude Moseley (uncle) to Betty, March 31, 1949; Ruth Brown to Betty, March 9, 1948.","Series 2: Personal and Biographical Papers, 1920-2015, comprise personal papers belonging to Betty and Willis Clemmer as well as personal and family biographies. Materials also relate to Augusta County history. ","This series includes photographs - originals and facsimiles - of the Clemmers as well as Ruth Moseley Brown during her high school and college years.","The Clemmers' personal papers include materials and coursework from Betty's time at Madison College, specifically drawings from Basic Art 2 in which she was assigned to draw home furnishings and clothing. Alimae Aiken was Betty's instructor. Willis' transcripts from Lee High School and documents from the Veterans Administration are included.","The series also comprises several Clemmer family biographies, autobiographies, and histories related to Augusta County, Virginia. Willis' reminiscences, written in 1993-1994, document his memories of growing up in Augusta County. A history of Seawright Springs (Mt. Solon) compiled by Augusta County historian Ralph Coffman includes photographs and other materials related to the resort. The Seawright Springs history includes a partial transcript of Alexander Stuart Coffman's 1864 diary and a transcript of a March 26, 1907 letter from Charles Curry (a lawyer in Staunton) to an A. C. Gorden regarding the geography and folklore of specific Augusta County locations. "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two self-published local history publications were removed from the collection and cataloged separately."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b6bfd9caf198153b7116f55373de457e\"\u003eThe Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer Papers, 1920-2015 (bulk 1943-1949), largely comprise correspondence between Betty Brown Clemmer and Willis Clemmer during their courtship while Betty was a student at Madison College. Other papers relate to Betty's coursework at Madison College, Willis' service in the Army Air Forces, and family biographies."],"names_coll_ssim":["Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Madison College -- Students","Madison College -- Students -- Social life and customs","Madison College -- Alumni and alumnae","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Clemmer, Betty Brown","Clemmer, Willis, 1926-2013"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:39.142Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_541"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74_c168","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"[Boston Neck, with the British lines and John Hancock's house]","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74_c168#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74_c168#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74_c168","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74_c168"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74_c168","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","parent_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"text":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection","[Boston Neck, with the British lines and John Hancock's house]","Williams, Richard, -1776","Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Siege, 1775-1776","Sieges","Aerial views","Drawings (visual works)","English .","Drawer 122 : L : 8","Section 3","WAG #289358","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Not drawn to scale. Part of a set of 5 ink and watercolor manuscript views depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill."],"title_filing_ssi":"[Boston Neck, with the British lines and John Hancock's house]","title_ssm":["[Boston Neck, with the British lines and John Hancock's house]"],"title_tesim":["[Boston Neck, with the British lines and John Hancock's house]"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1775"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1775"],"normalized_title_ssm":["[Boston Neck, with the British lines and John Hancock's house]"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"extent_ssm":["1 Sheets"],"extent_tesim":["1 Sheets"],"physfacet_tesim":["1 view : ink and watercolor"],"dimensions_tesim":["17 x 47 cm"],"creator_ssim":["Williams, Richard, -1776"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":168,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes."],"date_range_isim":[1775],"names_ssim":["Williams, Richard, -1776"],"persname_ssim":["Williams, Richard, -1776"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Siege, 1775-1776"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Siege, 1775-1776"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","Boston (Mass.) -- History -- Siege, 1775-1776"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sieges","Aerial views","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sieges","Aerial views","Drawings (visual works)"],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["Drawer 122 : L : 8","Section 3"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Reference numbers"],"custodhist_tesim":["WAG #289358"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_d8e8e68648ceb8e1496a1b5d3b8379fa\"\u003eNot drawn to scale. Part of a set of 5 ink and watercolor manuscript views depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/materialspec\u003e"],"materialspec_tesim":["Not drawn to scale. Part of a set of 5 ink and watercolor manuscript views depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill."],"_nest_path_":"/components#167","timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:55:09.076Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_3_resources_74","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_3_resources_74.xml","title_ssm":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"title_tesim":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["approximately 1740 - 1799"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["approximately 1740 - 1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2019.SC.034","/repositories/3/resources/74"],"text":["2019.SC.034","/repositories/3/resources/74","Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","Maps (documents)","This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Client reference #104; WAG #289263; IL# 2020-IL-001-083\n","English manuscript map showing Mud Island Fort and artillery batteries in the surrounding area.","Client reference #21; WAG #289150","Martayan Lan, 31 March 1992.","Client reference #20; WAG #289148","Richard B. Arkway, 10 February 1991.","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 7 April 1995.","Client reference #18; WAG #289146","Client reference 17;\t WAG 289144","Richard Arkway, 8 February 1994.","Client Reference # 13 ; WAG # 289139","Client reference #22; WAG #289151","Martayan Lan, 26 September 1991.","Client reference #26; WAG #289159","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #27; WAG #289162","McGowan Book Company, 25 July 1994.","Client reference #30; WAG #289166","Martayan Lan, 26 September 1991.","Client reference #32; WAG #289170","Martayan Lan, 8 November 1991.","Client reference #33; WAG #289171","Richard B. Arkway, 7 February 1996.","Client Reference # 15 ; WAG # 289142","Boston Rare Maps ; Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 2 February 1998","Client reference # 12 ; WAG# 289136","Libraire Le Bail, Paris, 5 January 2010","Client reference 38; WAG #289177","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 9 December 1999.","Client reference #42; WAG #289184","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 25 April 1994.","Client reference #43; WAG #289187","Richard B. Arkway, 10 September 1997.","Client reference #51; WAG #289200","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 21 December 1993.","Client reference #59; WAG #289214","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 24 June 1993.","Client reference #63; WAG #289220","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 17 December 2003.","Client reference #64; WAG #289222","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 17 December 2003.","Client reference #71; WAG #289231","Richard Arkway, 16 May 1997.","Client reference #75; WAG #289235","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client reference #61; WAG #289217","Marayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 18 March 1993.","Client reference #82; WAG # 289242","Richard Arkway, 10 Mar 1992.","Client reference #86; WAG #289246","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 9 January 2001.","Client #88; WAG #289248","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client Reference # 89 ; WAG # 289249","Martayan Lan, 7 September 1995.","Client reference #90; WAG #289250","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 22 April 1992.","Client reference #91; WAG #289251","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #99; WAG #289258","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 19 April 1993.","Client references #103; WAG #289262","High Ridge Books, 20 April 1995.","Client reference #108; WAG #289267","Libraire Ancienne des Trois Islets, 8 April 2011.","Client reference #110; WAG #289269","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.","Client reference #118; WAG #289276","Martayan Lan LLC, 12 September 1997.","Client reference #138; WAG #289288","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #141; WAG #289291","Richard B. Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #160; WAG #289300","Richard Arkway, 8 February 1994.","Client reference #198; WAG #289311","Richard Arkway, 26 September 1991.","Client reference #279; WAG #289329","Richard B. Arkway, 14 September 1994.","Client reference #281; WAG #289331","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 8 May 1992.","Client reference #282; WAG #289332","Richard B. Arkway, 20 January 1999.","Client reference #250;l WAG #289348","Purchased Sotheby's December 11, 2007.","Client reference #269; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #270; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #271; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client #272; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #261; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #262; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #263; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference # 264 ; WAG# 289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #265; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #266; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #267; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #268; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #303","Client reference #304","Client reference #306","Client reference #307.","Client reference #305","Client Ref: B33 ; WAG# 289344; IL# 2020-IL-001-021","Client reference #67; WAG #289227; IL# 2020-IL-001-043","Client reference #19; WAG #289147","Richard B. Arkway, 10 February 1997.","Client reference #114; WAG #289273; IL# 2020-IL-001-045","Boston Rare Maps, 2 November 2011.","Client reference #230; WAG #289315; IL# 2020-IL-001-046","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (purchase at Christie's 2607 sale on 7 December 2012), 2 January 2013.","Client reference #145; WAG #13773/289295; IL# 2020-IL-001-047","Arader Galleries, 8 November 2006.","Client reference #117; WAG #289275; IL# 2020-IL-001-048","Sothebys, 5 December 2005.","Client reference #29; WAG #289163; IL# 2020-IL-001-049","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 13 December 2003.","Client reference #111; WAG #289270; IL# 2020-IL-001-050","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 7 April 2008.","Client reference #254; WAG #289325","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #161; WAG #289301; IL# 2020-IL-001-052","Cogen \u0026 Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #172; WAG #289307; IL# 2020-IL-001-053","Jonathan Potter Limited, 9 March 2009.","Client reference #96; WAG #289256; IL# 2020-IL-001-054","Richard B. Arkway, Inc., 23 February 2004.","Client reference #167; WAG #289302; IL# 2020-IL-001-055","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 April 2005.","Client reference #171; WAG #289306; IL# 2020-IL-001-056","Jonathan Potter Limited, 27 September 2007.","Client reference #124; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-057","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #125; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-058","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #126; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-059","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #127; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-060","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #245; WAG #289320; IL# 2020-IL-001-061","Northeast Auctions, Portsmouth NH, 17 August 2014.","Client reference #143; WAG #289293","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 21 July 1995.","Client reference #45; WAG #289190; IL# 2020-IL-001-063","Jonathan Potter Limited, 9 July 2004.","Client reference #123; WAG #289281; IL# 2020-IL-001-064","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #253; WAG #289324; IL# 2020-IL-001-095","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 12 February 2003.","Client reference #9; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #54; WAG #289204; IL# 2020-IL-001-065","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client reference #149; WAG #289297; IL# 2020-IL-001-066","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 April 2005.","Client reference #246, 247; WAG #289347; IL# 2020-IL-001-067","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 13 April 2015.","Client reference #184; WAG #289309; IL# 2020-IL-001-068","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 6 May 2009.","Client reference #36; WAG #289175; IL #2020-IL-001-069","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2008.","Client reference #25; WAG #289158; IL# 2020-IL-001-070","Boston Rare Maps, 20 November 2007.","Client reference #199; WAG #289312","Richard Arkway, 10 December 1991.","Client reference #41; WAG #289418; IL# 2020-IL-001-072","Richard B. Arkway, 14 September 1994.","Client reference #95; WAG #289255; IL# 2020-IL-001-073","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 11 March 2005.","Client reference #73; WAG #289233; IL# 2020-IL-001-074","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 29 March 2006.","Client reference #85; WAG #289245; IL# 2020-IL-001-075","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (purchase at Sotheby's 8211 sale lot 216 on 15 June 2006), 19 June 2006.","Client reference #81; WAG #289241; IL# 2020-IL-001-076","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 7 November 1991.","Client reference #55; WAG #289206; IL# 2020-IL-001-077","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 27 June 1991.","Client reference #56; WAG #289208; IL# 2020-IL-001-078","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #121; WAG #289279","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 14 January 1999.","Client reference #52; WAG #289201; IL# 2020-IL-001-080","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 17 September 1990.","Client reference #48; WAG #289195","Martayan Lan, 8 November 1991.","Client reference #275; WAG #289327","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 6 January 1994.","Richard Arkway, 26 July 2004.","Client reference #140; WAG #289290","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 16 December 1999.","Client reference #255; WAG #289326","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 4 March 1993.","Client reference #280; WAG #289330","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 16 May 1997.","Client reference #113; WAG #289272; IL# 2020-IL-001-087","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2008.","Boston Rare Maps, 20 November 2007.","Client reference #84; WAG #289244; IL# 2020-IL-001-089","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 5 December 2001.","Client reference #57; WAG #289210","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client # 107; WAG #289266; IL# 2020-IL-001-182","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (bought at Swann Auction sale 2074 on 30 March 2006), 3 April 2006.","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","Client reference #98; WAG #289257; IL# 2020-IL-001-183","Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.","Client reference #148; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-184","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #150; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-185","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #151; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-186","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #152; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-187","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #153; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-188","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #154; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-189","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference 3 add ; WAG# 289351; IL# 2020-IL-001-210x","Boston Rare Maps, 26 June 2018 (revised 13 July 2018)","Client reference #155; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-190","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #156; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-191","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #157; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-192","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","WAG #289345","WAG #289345","Client reference #130; WAG #289283","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 27 May 1993.","Client reference #79; WAG #289239; IL# 2020-IL-001-092","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 7 July 2010.","Client reference #101; WAG #289260; IL# 2020-IL-001-093","Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.","Client reference #252; WAG #289323; IL# 2020-IL-001-094","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 12 February 2003.","Client reference #173; WAG #289308","Bonhams, 2 December 2010.","Client reference #77; WAG #289237; 2020-IL-001-097","H.P. Kraus, 7 July 1997.","Client reference #158; WAG #289298; IL# 2020-IL-001-098","Client reference #44; WAG #289188\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-099","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 8 February 2008.","Client reference #46; WAG #289193; Previous IL# 2020-IL-001-100","Client reference #162; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-101","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #11; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #163; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-102","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #164; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-103","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #5; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #283; WAG #289417","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 7 July 1994.","Client reference #277; WAG #289328; IL# 2020-IL-001-170","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 1 September 1995.","Client reference #106; WAG #289265; IL# 2020-IL-001-171","William Reese Company, 25 March 2008.","Client reference #119; WAG #289277; IL# 2020-IL-001-172","Richard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #169; WAG #289304; IL# 2020-IL-001-173","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 5 June 2007.","Client reference #170; WAG #289305\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-174","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 19 December 2005.","Client reference #201; WAG #289314; IL# 2020-IL-001-175","Boston Rare Maps, 25 September 2012.","Client reference #100; WAG #289259; IL# 2020-IL-001-176","Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.","Client reference #58; WAG #289213; IL# 2020-IL-001-177","William Reese Company, 11 April 2011.","Client reference #165; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-104","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #166; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-105","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #284; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-106","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #231; WAG #289316; IL# 2020-IL-001-107","Boston Rare Maps, 23 May 2013.","Client reference #234; WAG #289319; IL# 2020-IL-001-108","Sotheby's, 5 December 2013.","Client reference #232; WAG #289319","Sotheby's New York, 11 June 2013, lot #83.","Client reference #40; WAG #289181; IL# 2020-IL-001-110","Boston Rare Maps, 27 September 2012.","Client reference #197; WAG #289310; IL# 2020-IL-001-111","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 2 March 2007.","Client reference #65; WAG #289224; IL# 2020-IL-001-112","Shapero Rare Books, 4 April 2010.","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","Alexander Gallery, 27 January 2014. Charles Bigelow (b. 1884) of Boston, by direct descent to his grand daughter","Client reference #60; WAG #289216; IL# 2020-IL-001-113","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 23 October 2007.","Client reference #105; WAG #289264; IL# 2020-IL-001-114","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 8 July 2011.","Client reference #70; WAG #289230; IL# 2020-IL-001-115","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 26 June 2008.","Client reference #76; WAG #289236; IL# 2020-IL-001-116","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client reference #68; WAG #289228; IL# 2020-IL-001-117","Bernard Shapero Rare Books, 2 May 2008.","Client reference #37; WAG #289176; IL# 2020-IL-001-118","Client reference #134; WAG #289284","The Old Print Gallery, 3 May 1991.","Client reference #147; WAG #289344; IL# 2020-IL-001-120","Sotheby's New York, 1 December 2005.","Client reference #39; WAG #289179; IL# 2020-IL-001-121","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 28 June 2006.","Client reference #109; WAG #289268; IL# 2020-IL-001-122","Richard B. Arkway, 25 October 1995.","Client reference #122; WAG #289280; IL# 2020-IL-001-123","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 1 June 2005.","Client reference #74; WAG #289234; IL# 2020-IL-001-124","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #14; WAG #289140","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.","Client reference #50; WAG #289199; IL# 2020-IL-001-126","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 15 November 2002.","lient reference #120; WAG #289278; IL# 2020-IL-001-127","Richard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #102; WAG #289261; IL# 2020-IL-001-128","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2010.","Client reference #291; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-129","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #292; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-130","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #293; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-131","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #294; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-132","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #295; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-133","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #296; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-134","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #128; WAG #289282; IL# 2020-IL-001-135","Arader Galleries, 23 November 2003.","Client reference #249; WAG #289322; IL# 2020-IL-001-136","Cohen and Taliaferro LLC, 5 June 2014.","Client reference #93; WAG #289253; IL# 2020-IL-001-137","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 10 May 2004.","Client reference #24; WAG #289156","Boston Rare Maps, 6 March 2006.","Client reference #146; WAG #289296","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 14 January 1999.","Client reference #168; WAG #289303; IL# 2020-IL-001-140","Clive A. Burden, 11 May 2012, (from Sotheby's New York for client).","Client reference #69; WAG #289229\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-168","Clive Burden, 19 April 2011.","Client reference #78; WAG #289238; IL# 2020-IL-001-156","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 19 December 2005.","Client reference #83; WAG #289243","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 7 September 1995.","Client reference #66; WAG #289226; IL# 2020-IL-001-179","Boston Rare Maps, 30 May 2008.","Client reference #62; WAG #289218; IL# 2020-IL-001-180","Martayan Lan, 24 June 1992.","Jonathan Potter Limited, 18 December 2007.","Client reference #135; WAG #289285","Client reference #80; WAG #289240","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.","Client reference #112; WAG #289271; IL# 2020-IL-001-142","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 13 May 2004.","lient reference #159; WAG #289299; IL# 2020-IL-001-143","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 7 April 2008.","lient reference #53; WAG #289203; IL# 2020-IL-001-144","Arader Galleries, 8 November 2006.","Client reference #72; WAG #289232; IL# 2020-IL-001-145","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 11 October 2005.","Client reference #139; WAG #289289; IL# 2020-IL-001-146","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 22 April 1992.","Client reference #94; WAG #289254; IL# 2020-IL-001-147","Marayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 24 April 2001.","Client reference #115; WAG #289274\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-148","Richard Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #136; WAG #289286","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 10 March 1992.","Client reference #137; WAG #289287","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 10 March 1992.","Client reference #233; WAG #289318; IL# 2020-IL-001-151","Swann Auction Galleries, 10 October 2013.","Client reference #142; WAG #289292; IL# 2020-IL-001-152","Swann Galleries, New York, 2 June 2011.","Client reference #31; WAG #289168","High Ridge Books Inc., 20 March 1991.","Client reference #49; WAG #289197","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 18 January 1993.","Client reference #92; WAG #289252","Martayan Lan, 26 September 1991.","lient reference #248; WAG #289321; IL# 2020-IL-001-157","Daniel Crouch Rare Books, 15 April 2015.","Client reference #144; WAG #289294; IL# 2020-IL-001-158","Arader Galleries, 8 November 2006.","Client reference#10; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #7; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #34; WAG #289173; IL# 2020-IL-001-161","Richard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #23; WAG #289154; IL# 2020-IL-001-162","Jonathan Potter Limited, 29 November 2005.","Client reference #6; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #8; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #B39; WAG #289180; IL# 2020-IL-001-193x","George S. MacManus Co. (bought at Sotheby's New York 1 December 2005), 5 December 2005. William Guthman Collection of Manuscript, Printed, and Graphic Americana","Client reference #8ADD; WAG #289356; IL# 2020-IL-001-194x","Boston Rare Maps, 12 March 2014.","Client reference #4 ADD; WAG #289352; IL# 2020-IL-001-195x","Martayan Lan \u0026 Augustyn Inc., 31 May 2018.","Client reference #297; WAG #289333; IL# 2020-IL-001-205x","Rouillac, 13 June 2016.","Client reference #1 ADD, 2 ADD; WAG #289342; IL#  2020-IL-001-206x","Map: Christie's, 5 December 2017, lot 8.  Provenance: François-Jean de Beauvoir, Marquis de Chastellux (1734 -1788)","Client reference #7 ADD; WAG #289357","Christie's New York, 19 June 2014.","Client reference #5 ADD; WAG #289353; IL# 2020-IL-001-207x","Boston Rare Maps, 14 June 2006.","lient reference #6 ADD; WAG #289355; IL# 2020-IL-001-208x","Barry Ruderman (purchased at Bonhams Germany), 14 April 2015.","Client Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191","Client Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191","Client Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191","2020-IL-001-122b","Client reference #43B; OCLC number 62820410; WAG # 13773/289186; IL# 2020-IL-001-213x","London: Jeffreys \u0026 Faden, 1775","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1774","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1775","[London] : Willm. Faden, 1777","London : William Faden, [1778?]","London : Willm. Faden, 1784","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Printed for Robt. Sayer and Jno. Bennett, 1776","London : Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1783","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Printed \u0026 sold by A. Dury, 1775","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1778","London : W. Hawkes, 1776","London : T. Jefferys, 1757","London : S. Hooper, 1770","London : John Wallis, 1783","Paris : Chez Le Rouge,1781","[London] : Engraved and published by Wm. Faden, 1783","Amsterdam : Chéz Covens et Mortier, et Covens, junior, 1780-1789","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1775","London? : [s.n.], 1780","London : W. Faden","London : R. Sayer \u0026 J. Bennett, 1780","London : Wm. Faden, 1784","[London] : J.F.W. Des Barres, 1778","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1776","Publisher unknown : place of publication unknown, 1778","Paris : Chez Fortin, Ing'r mécanicien du Roi pour les globes et sphères, 1778","[London] : Sold by And: Millar opposite Katharine Street in the Strand, 1755","Paris : Chez le Sr. Phelipeau, 1786","London : Wm. Faden, 1785","[London] : W. Faden, 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Wm. Faden, 1781","Franckfurt am Mayn : Zu finden in der Iaegernschen Buchhandlung, 1776","Franckfurt am Mayn : Zu finden in der Iaegernschen Buchhandlung, 1776","[London] : printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","[London] : printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.","A Paris : chez l'auteur. 1777","Paris : Chez le Chevalier de Beaurain, 1776","Portsmouth, N.H : [publisher not identified], 1761","Unknown","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1777","[London] : T. Jefferys, 1768","Paris : Lattre, 1781","A Paris : Chez Lattré, 1788","London : Carington Bowles, 1785","London : Carington Bowles, 1784","A Paris : Chez Esnauts et Rapilly, 1783","Paris : Chez le Sr. Desnos, 1783-1787","Paris : M. Brion de la Tour, 1783","A Paris : Chez le Sr. Desnos, 1783","London : S. Hooper, 1776","London : S. Hooper, 1776","London : S. Hooper, 1776","London : S. Hooper, 1776","Paris : Chez Perrier ; Chez Fortin, 1778","Amsterdam : Chez C. Mortier \u0026 J. Covens, et Fils, 1782?","London : Printed for John Bowles, 1763?","London : John Bowles ; Robert Sayer ; Thos. Jefferys, 1763?","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","A Paris : Chez Basset, 1782","[London] : J.F.W. Des Barres, 1780?","[Frankfurt am Main] : s.n., 1780","London : published acording to the act by M.A. Rocque ... \u0026 A. Dury, 1762","London : Publish'd as the Act directs ... by W. Faden , 1780","A Paris : Chéz Le Rouge, rue des Grands Augustins, 1785","London : Andrew Dury, 1776","Paris : Chez Mondhare, 1778","Paris : Esnauts et Rapilly, 1781?","[London?] : R. Eynon, 1776","[London] : W. Faden, 1778","London : Wm. Faden, 1779","London : Printed for Wm. Faden, 1784","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : [Publisher not known], 1778","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1777","Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1771","[Place of publication not identified]  : John Fitch, 1785","London : Printed for Robt. Sayer ... \u0026 Thos. Jefferys, 1768","Philadelphia : R. Aitken, 1775","London : [Publisher not identified], 1773?","London : W. Faden, 1780","London : [Publisher not identified], 1784","London : Published by Wm. Faden, Geographer to the King, Charing Cross, 1784","Philadelphia : [Publisher not identified], 1796?","Augsburg : Joh. Martin Will, 1777?","Paris : Chez Perrier et Verrier ; Chez Maugein, 1782?","[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1781?","Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1782?","Franckfurter : Iagernschen Buchhandlung, 1780","Augsburg : l'Academie Imperiale d'Empire des Arts liberaux, 1782?","London : William Faden, May 1st 1780","Berlin : Daniel Berger, 1782","A.V. [Augsburg] : I.M. Will excud, 1782","London : Printed for Wm. Faden, 1784","London : Printed for William Faden, 1784","Nuremburg? : Homann Heirs?, 1780?","London : John Bowles ; Robert Sayer ; Thos. Jefferys, 1763?","London : T. Hutchins, 1778","Paris : Chez Mondhare, 1777","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1768","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1755","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1755","Amsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1783","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1761","Amsterdam : G. Hulst van Keulen, 1784","Amsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1784","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","London : Andrew Dury, 1776","London : W. Faden, 1777","London : [Publisher not identified], 1768","London : printed for Robt. Sayer ..., T. Bowles ..., John Bowles \u0026 Son ..., E. Bakewell, \u0026 H. Parker, 1760","Paris : Chèz Le Rouge, 1778","Germany? : [Publisher not identified], 1758-1759?","Augsburg : Joh. Mart. Will, 1777?","[London] : Printed for Robt. Sayer in Fleet Street and Thos. Jefferys at the corner of St. Martins Lane in the Strand, 1768","Amsterdam : G. H. van Keulen, 1784","Amsterdam : G. H. van Keulen, 1784","Amsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1783","A Paris : Chez Lattré, 1784","Paris : Chés Lattré, 1764?","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1781","Paris : chez le Rouge, 1755","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1782","Paris : Chéz le Rouge, 1782","Paris : Le Rouge, 1756","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1776-1777","[Augsburg?] : Mathew Albert and George Frederic Lotter, 1784","Paris : Hôtel de Soubise, 1778","[Paris], 1756","Paris : Chez le Sr. Moithey ... et chez Crepy, 1777","Paris : Mondhare, 1781?","[London] : Sold by A. Dury, 1775","London : Printed \u0026 sold by A. Dury, 1768","Leipzig : Johann Carl Muller, 1776","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys. 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1766","Paris : Chez Basset, 1783","Hamburg : F. C. Ritter. 1776","London : [J. Harrison], 1785","London : T. Kitchin, 1769?","Berlin : Academia Regia Scientiarum et Elegantium Litterarum, 1755","London : Wm. Herbert ... \u0026 Robt. Sayer, 1755","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : W. Faden, 1780","London : [Publisher not identified], 1787","London : Wm. Faden, 1781","[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1782?","Paris : Chez Esnauts et Rapilly, rue Saint Jacques à la Ville de Coutances, 1782","Paris : [Publisher not identified], 1786?","Paris : Chez le cit. Delamarche, 1792","London : R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776","London : Robt. Sayer and John Bennett, 1780","London : R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1775","London : Rt. Sayer \u0026 Jno. Bennett, 1776","[London] : John Rocque at Charing Cross, 1750","Amsterdam : Covens and Mortier and Covens junior, 1780","Amsterdam : Covens and Mortier and Covens junior, 1780","Philadelphia : [Publisher not identified], 1775","New Haven : [Publisher not identified], 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1779","[London] : W. Faden, 1777","[London] : R. Sayer, 1763","London : John Andrews ; John Harris, 1781","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","London : Printed for John Bowles ... Robert Sayer ... Thos. Jefferys … Carington Bowles ... and Henry Parker, 1768","London : A. Hamilton, 1776","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","Boston, New England : Printed by Richard Draper, for the Author, 1755","Paris : Chez LeRouge, Rue des Grands Augustins, 1778-1780","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1781","Unknown place of publication : Unknown publisher, approximately 1781","London : Jefferys and Faden, 1776","Paris : Chez LeRouge, Rue des Grands Augustins, approximately 1755","Unknown place of publication : Unknown publisher, 1777","London : William Gerrard de Brahm ; P. Andrews sculp, 1771","London : William Gerard De Brahm ; P. Andrews sculp, 1771","London :  William Gerard de Brahm ; P. Andrews sculp, 1771","[Boston] : Printed at Draper's printing-office, 1775","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 902. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 24","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 800.. McCorkle, B. New England in early printed maps, 755.19. Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 33e","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 933. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 22","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1013. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 35","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 29","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 146.","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 14c. Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A bibliography of printed battle plans, 64","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 24a. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 47","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1146. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 108","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 813. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 6","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1471. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 189. Exhibited: \"We Are One: Mapping America's Road from Revolution to Independence\" organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, 2015","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 752","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 44","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 21 December 1993.","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1096. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 110. Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 43a","LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 1517","LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 1500","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 754","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 790","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 93. Phillips. List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress, p. 188","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1052. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 123","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 89","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1180 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 53","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 21a. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1196 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 55","Cresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in Drawings and Prints, 264","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1149. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 112","McCorkle, B. New England in early printed maps, 778.16","Stephenson, R.W. Table for identifying variant editions and impressions of John Mitchell's map of the British and French dominions in North America. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 39","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1023","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 195","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 41e. LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 1144 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 107","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 186","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, 45","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45.","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45.","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45","Initially inventoried with [2023-SC-008-053] 'Plan of the Situation of the American and British Armies'.","LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 149. McCorkle, B. B. New England in early printed maps, 777.3","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 923. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 18","LC Maps of North America, 870. McCorkle, Barbara. New England in early printed maps, N761.1. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and Charts published in America before 1800 (2nd ed.), 181","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1003 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 34","Phillips, 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 165","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 101","Wheat, C. Mapping the Transmississippi West, v.1 194","Guthorn, P. American maps and mapmakers, 11(15). Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 94","BM maps, XIV, column 605. Phillips, 595","Deak, G. Picturing New York, 115","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 192 and 192a","Cresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in drawings and prints, 477","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 88","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 52","De Vorsey, L. Gulf Stream on eighteenth century maps and charts, in The Map collector, 15 (1980), 7 De Vorsey, L. Pioneer charting of the Gulf Stream, in Imago mundi, 28 (1976), 105-120","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 736","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1462. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 193","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1342. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 127","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1327. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 128","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 76. Phillips. Maps of America, p. 786","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 132","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 37a. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1238","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography Of Printed Battle Plans Of The American Revolution 1775-1795, 43","Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts (2nd ed.), 300","Boyd, T. Poor John Fitch, p. 127-128. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 660","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1429 Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 87e","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 5","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 51","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 182","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 129. Phillips. List of Maps of America, p. 299","Nebenzahl, Battle Plans 74. Phillips, MOA 296","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 145","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 873","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 95. Research catalog of maps in the Clements Library, II, p. 284","Deak, G. Picturing New York, 116","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 789","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 153","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 307 Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 66b","Phillips, 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 29. Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 51a","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 932.. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 16","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 69a LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1319","Cresswell, D. American Revolution in drawings and prints, 371","Phillips, P. List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress, p. 268. Philips 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 750","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 69","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 187","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 37 and 37a","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 38","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1313. Snyder, M. City of Independence, 46 and Fig. 44","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 158","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 161","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 45","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 155","Exhibited: \"We Are One: Mapping America's Road from Revolution to Independence\" organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, 2015","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1105","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 312","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1022. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 258","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 751 Wooldridge, W. Mapping Virginia, 152 and 152a","Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A Bibliography Of Printed Battle Plans, 40","Cohen \u0026 Augustyn. Manhattan in maps, 73-76","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 62","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1047","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1181. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 56","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 150","Pedley, M. S. Bel et utile, 450","Phillips, 10316","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 77","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 918 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 28","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 58c","Kershaw, Kenneth. Early printed maps of Canada, vol. 3, no. 599. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 449","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1023. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 262","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 828","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution, 12 Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 204","Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 263","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1160. Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A bibliography of printed battle plans, 11","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1070","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 45b. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1056 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 101","Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 47b","Cresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in Drawings and Prints, 357","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 14","7363; Wheat \u0026 Brun 320; Shadwell, American Printmaking no. 22; Sabin 5955","Originally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.","Originally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.","Originally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.","This collection contains approximately 300 rare printed maps, unique manuscript maps, and published texts collected by Richard H. Brown, which pertain to the American Revolutionary War era.","This map and battle plan immortalized what came to be known as the Battle of Bunker Hill. The alphabetic key identifies British regiments and ships and narrates their actions. The plan also shows earthworks held by the Colonial troops. This detailed plan was published in London only five days after news of the battle itself reached England. Given the haste with which it was prepared, its geographic vagueness in the rendering of Charlestown is less surprising than its overall accuracy and detail.","\nRelief shown by hachures. Indexed for points of military interest.","This large, detailed map of New England was compiled by Braddock Mead (alias John Green), and first published by Thomas Jefferys in 1755. Green was an Irish translator, geographer, and editor, as well as one of the most talented British map-makers at mid-century. The map was re-published at the outset of the American Revolution, as it remained the most accurate and detailed survey of New England. Of interest are engraved double lines found beneath certain place-names, including Boston. These lines indicate cities whose longitude had been calculated with the aid of the newly invented marine chronometer.","Page, an English military engineer who served as aide de campe to General Howe during the action, prepared this detailed plan of the Battle of Bunker Hill. It is the best known and most commonly reproduced plan of the battle. Warrens redoubt, fences, and hedgerows are shown in great detail, as well as the lines of march of attacking forces, British ships, and the Corps Hill battery with lines of fire. The position of British troops late in the action is depicted on a separate overlay which accompanies the map.","\"Note: The operations of the column under the command of His Excellency Lieutenant General Knyphausen is engraved from a plan drawn on the spot by S. W. Werner, Leiutt. of Hessian Artillery.\" Includes \"references to the column under the command of Lt. Genl. Earl Cornwallis\" and \"references to the column under the command of His Excellency Lieutt. Genl. Knyphausen.\"","Includes indexes of propietors of land in South Carolina and Georgia. Decorative title cartouche depicting vegetation, manufactured products, and workers. \"To the Right Honourable George Dunk, Earl of Halifax ...\"","Shows rural householders' names. \"Publish'd according to Act of Parliament, May the 1st, 1770, by S. Hooper, No. 25 Ludgate Hill, London.\" Decorative dedication cartouche includes royal coat of arms, a native, and animals. \"To His most Excellent Majesty George the IIId ... this map is most humbly dedicated by ... John Collet.\"","Shows the 13 states, Louisiana, and parts of Canada and Florida. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridian: London. Decorative title cartouche.","Includes descriptive and historical notes. Translation of Thomas Hutchins' New map of the western part of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina, 1778.","Shows \"Genl. Howe's track\" from Elk River to Philadelphia, \"Genl. Washington's track,\" and \"Grand American Winter Camp, Jan. 1778\" at Valley Forge. Shows most of New Jersey and parts of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. BPL","\"Includes \"References to the fortifications \u0026 ca.\" and \"References to the town.\" An earlier state of LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 933 and Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 22.","Shows operations and ship names. Inset: Plan of the fort.","Depicts a battle between the Americans and two British vessels, at the begining of the New York campaign.","The original wash drawing displayed here was executed by marine painter Pierre Ozanne in 1778. This work was produced during the French naval campaign in America by Ozanne who witnessed the action at the entrance of the Delaware River on July 8, 1778. This battle is considered as the first naval event between the French and the English fleet of that campaign on the American coast.","Wash drawing on paper. View of six ships in the Delaware River, five under the command of Comte d'Estaing. Manuscript note pasted on reads \"Campagne du Vice-Admirale d'Esteing an Amerique, commandant une escadre de 12 vaisseaux et 4 frégattes, sortie de toulon le 13 Avril 1778.\"","Displayed here is the third state of the \"Carte des Pays...de Canada,\" published by Jean Baptiste Fortin who had acquired the stock of the Vaugondy firm. This map is one of the first to recognize the name of the newly formed United States, \"Etats Unis,\" as seen by the inclusion of the phrase in the title cartouche. The map is closely related to J.B. Eliot's \"Carte du Theatre de la Guerre Actuel Entre les Anglais et les Treize Colonies Unies de l'Amerique Septentrionale ...\" Eliot also uses the phrase \"Etats Unis\" in his map, referring to his title of U.S. Engineer under his name. Both Fortin and Eliot published their maps in 1778.","Covers Canada east of Lake Superior and south of James Bay; covers U.S. north of Albemarle Bay (N.C.). Relief shown pictorially. Meridians numbered eastward from unspecified prime (Montréal at E 305°). Believed to be the earliest map to use the name United States of America (in any language). Inset: Supplément pour l'Isle de Terre-Neuve.","First English edition, 3rd impression. Includes text and inset \"A new map of Hudson's Bay and Labrador from the late survey of those coasts.\"","Shows fortifications, troop locations, and ships on the York River.","Shows information to Sept. 3, 1776. Below map: \"An account of the proceedings of His Majesty's forces at the attack of the rebel works on Long Island, on the 27th of August, 1776 : taken from Gen. Howe's letter to Lord George Germaine, principal Secretary of State for the American Department.\" State 5 of the map, with Fort Lee or Ft. Constitution added and Younkers unlabeled.","Title from sheets 1 and 2. All sheets individually titled. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Shows Carib lands, parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, and topography.","Shows parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals.","Shows divisions, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals","Shows parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals.","Shows parishes, cities, settlements, roads, churches, windmills, \"cattle mills,\" bays, anchorages, shoals and topography.","Shows harbors, settlements and topography.","Shows parishes, towns, settlements, roads, rivers, bays, anchorages, shoals and topography.","Shows harbors, towns, shoals, anchorages, and topography.","Covers Grand Turk Island, Salt Cay, and smaller islands in the vicinity. Shows topography and shoals.","Shows plantations, roads, settlements, anchorages, shoals and topography.","Shows parishes, towns, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals","Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet three of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet five of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes.Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet six of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet four of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Highlighted on this fine topographic map of Boston and vicinity are the British and American troops. The American troops are colored red -- the first corps in Cambridge, the second corps opposite Charlestown neck, and the third corps near Roxbury. Among the many strategic topographic features so excellently rendered on this map is Dorchester Heights, which appears devoid of British defensive forces. This serious tactical error was ultimately recognized by General Washington, who occupied the Heights and forced the British to withdraw from the city on March 17, 1776. A note on the map reveals that it is based on an original plan of the siege drawn by order of the British government. Interestingly, the British fortifications on Boston Neck and Castle William Island are greatly exaggerated.","Campaign headquarters map showing military features and events in the New York area from June to November 1776.","This general map of the Americas, produced in Paris in 1788, depicts the political divisions in North America just after the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783. The Treaty effectively ended the American Revolutionary War. The United States is comprised of land east of the Mississippi River, while Great Britain controls Canada and Spain controls Louisiana, Mexico, Florida and western North America. Also depicted is a large inset of the Canadian Arctic, and another two insets of Caribbean islands, in addition to an elaborately illustrated cartouche.","Map of the Americas designed to show the political divisions in North America immediately following the Treaty of Paris. Relief shown pictorially. Insets: Supplement pour le Nord de L'Amerique ; Isle de la Martinique ; Isle St. Domingue. Elaborate cartouche in lower left.","Michel Capitaine du Chesnoy, the Marquis de Lafayette's map maker, drew this map following the Battle of Monmouth Court House in northeastern New Jersey. After confusion surrounding the Continental Army's orders, the soldiers prevented the British troops from advancing. The battle occurred on a hot June day and hundreds of soldiers died of heatstroke. Women, who came to be referred to collectively as \"Molly Pitcher,\" supported the American troops by bringing water to cool the men and their guns. Although the battle ended inconclusively, it was a turning point for the professionalization of the American army as volunteer French and German military officers provided training.","This rare map was issued just months after Cornwallis' defeat in Yorktown, Va. The copy displayed here, complete with inset plan of the battle of Yorktown and an elaborate cartouche, is the second state of the map. An additional inset in the lower right depicts the colonies from Massachusetts to Delaware, and illustrates the geography upon which Washington and Rochambeau's armies marched on the way to Yorktown. This map conveys the importance of France's assistance to the Americans during the War.","German woodcut of the siege of Charleston, South Carolina in May 1780. The depiction of Charleston is imaginary. Donnhaeuser lacked a view of Charleston so he modified a pre-existing view of an unidentified German city to show the siege. Text describing the siege on verso, titled Nachricht von der belagerung und einnahme der stadt und hafens Charlestown in America.","One of the preferred routes that captains and navigators sailing from America to England learned to use was the Gulf Stream, a strong, warm current that flows north along the Atlantic coast and then east toward Europe. Initially charted by Benjamin Franklin in 1768, this discovery helped ships minimize travel time across the ocean, speeding up the transatlantic voyage for travelers, merchants, and goods. Franklin purchased this 1785 chart, a French adaptation of his original findings, when he served in Paris as a diplomat for the United States during the early years of the republic","Displayed here is the second state of J.B. Eliot's map of the newly formed republic, produced in 1778. This map closely resembles Louis Brion de la Tour's \"Carte du théatre de la guerre entre les Anglais et les Américans\" in appearance. Eliot's map is one of the first to recognize the name of the newly formed United States, \"Etats Unis,\" as seen by the inclusion of the phrase in the title cartouche, referring to Eliot's title of U.S. Engineer under his name. In this regard, Eliot's map is related to another map recognizing the newly named United States, namely Vaugondy's \"Carte du Canada et des Etats-Unis de l'Amérique Septentrionale.\" Both maps were published in 1778, and both incorporate the phrase \"Etats Unis\" in their title cartouches, however, it is unclear which map was actually produced first.","Bernard Ratzer, a Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, prepared a survey of New Jersey in 1769 to assist the Boundary Commission in settling a long standing boundary dispute between the states of New York and New Jersey. London mapmaker William Faden published Ratzer's survey as a finished map in 1777 in his North American Atlas. Published during the American Revolution, the map depicts the area known to George Washington before the Battle of Monmouth, and shows the fortification at Valley Forge. Despite having several errors of location, the map is finely executed, and contains an elaborate cartouche of a farmhouse with landscape in the upper left corner. Displayed here is the first English edition of the map. A French derivative of this map by Georges-Louis LeRouge may be viewed online at: http://maps.bpl.org/id/rb15252.","This rare and unique map was produced by inventor and amateur mapmaker John Fitch, in an attempt to raise funds to support his newly invented steamboat. Fitch made and engraved the map himself, and printed it in Philadelphia on a cider press. Unfortunately for Fitch, the map never sold well, and the geography displayed on the map was well out-of-date by the time the Old Northwest was settled after being released from British and Native American control.","Ink and watercolor manuscript view from Boston looking southeast towards Dorchester and Castle Island. Shows British soldiers and parts of the encampment and town.","Pencil manuscript view of the Charles River.","Four views of the siege of Gibraltar. Includes \"La premiere representation de les X batteries flottantes\" ; \"Seconde representation des batteries flottantes\" ; \"Se general elliot recu les vivres et munitions de l'angleterre\" ; \"Prospect der IV blate von Gibraltar\".","The map depicts the opening of the British Southern offensive of 1778.","This rare map of New Hampshire was prepared from surveys by Samuel Holland - famed engineer who entered British service during the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The map depicts New Hampshire in great detail, illustrating rivers, streams, lakes, elevations, township boundaries, roads, and structures. Two great arcs delineate the boundary of a parcel known as \"Mason's Curve.\" The parcel, owned by John Mason (1586-1635), was originally located between the Merrimack and Kennebeck Rivers, however in 1748 was sold by one of Mason's descendants to twelve investors from Portsmouth. It is believed these investors commissioned the surveys in 1768-69 to more accurately locate the boundary of the landholding.","Subject: ships on the Saint Lawrence River with a rowboats full of troops disembarking below cliffs; battle in progress on heights above river.","Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.","Color manuscript map by Kosciuszko showing encampments and military positions in the battles of Saratoga.","Colored manuscript map of the 1758 siege of Louisbourg showing ships, troop positions, camps and batteries. Includes references to points of interest, notes and description of the English fleet.","Colored manuscript map of the 1758 siege of Louisbourg showing ships, troop positions, and batteries. Includes references to points of interest. Oriented with north to the upper right. Colored manuscript map of Cape Breton Island showing fortifications and batteries. Includes a table listing troop distribution, references to points of interest, and notes.","Displayed here is the first state of Lattre's plan of Boston. The plan here was also separately issued. Describing Boston in the years before the American Revolutionary war, the plan includes information on shoals, soundings in the harbor, and the surrounding countryside. Lattre was the Royal Engraver to Louis XVI from 1776 to 1782, and is most famous for his \"Carte des Etats-Unis ...,\" also in the Richard H. Brown collection.","Pencil manuscript view of the ruins of Charlestown after the Battle of Bunker Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","2 sheets.  Ink and watercolor manuscript map and key. Map shows fortifications and rough features of the peninsula of Boston. Key indicates the order of battle of British troops. The disposition of troops on July 17th, 1775 was possibly intended to be added to the map.","This rare map depicts Long Island, New York City, and the Connecticut coastline north to Stonington Bay. Muller took the geography on this map directly from Thomas Jeffery's 1755 map titled \"A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England ...\" The copy displayed here was most likely issued separately from its original pamphlet, and may have been bound unfolded into a folio composite atlas produced during the American Revolutionary War era.","Moses Park, a surveyor from Preston, Connecticut, executed this map in 1766 with the assistance of Asa Spaulding of Norwalk and Samuel Mott of Preston. Displayed here is the second state of the map, which differs from the first state in the collection of the Clements Library at the University of Michigan. In this state, an \"e\" has been added to the name of Shelburne, and \"Connecticut R.\" is seen on the bend of the river above Hadham. Other locational changes have been made in this state as well.","Shows the boundaries established by the preliminary Treaty of Peace, signed 30 November 1782, and published prior to the signing of the formal Treaty on 3 September 1783. Includes a detailed plan of the Siege of Yorktown.","The map displayed here is an unrecorded version of a German broadside known only at the Library of Congress. This state is unique in that it was sold by a different person, and there are differences in the text portion of the broadside. It is a variant state of LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 142.","Shows the east coast from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence to the Carolinas, and the interior as far west as the Mississippi Valley. Displayed here is the first state of the map, lacking the inset of Fort Frederick.","The plan displayed here depicts the Siege of Charleston, S.C., conducted by the British forces in early 1780. In February 1780, British General Henry Clinton's army arrived thirty miles south of Charleston, and began their assault on the city, which was protected by an American force commanded by Gen. Benjamin Lincoln. The British took control of the sea, and effectively cut the American off from any support. This plan was produced for Tarleton's memoir \"A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North America.\" The plan was produced on very heavy laid paper, and does not present any folds or pagination. This plan may be a pre-publication proof or a presentation copy.","This general map of the Americas was produced by the firm of Vaugondy. Gilles Robert de Vaugondy was the leading French globemaker of the 18th century, and was appointed geographer to Louis XV in 1734. Like \"L'Amerique divise?e en ses principaux Etats\" by Lattre and Bonne from 1788, this map shows the new boundaries of North America as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The newly created United States, along with Spanish lands in the south are clearly delineated. This may be the fourth state of the map, however it is not listed in Pedley's \"Bel et Utile.\"","Shows territorial possessions in North America after the Treaty of Paris. Includes the satirical \"Theodolite's letter to the Botcher's Club in Monmouth Street.\" The open letter appears to praise the treaty and the 3rd Earl of Bute, who worked on the treaty, while actually pointing out the weaknesses of the territory gained. Theodolite, a scientific instrument used in surveying, likely represented Bute, who collected such instruments. Botchers were menders such as tailor and cobblers, and Monmouth Street was known for its second-hand shops. The letter was thus from Bute to those with mercantile interests or low connections as Bute?s peers disapproved of him and the treaty. The true author of the letter was likely Sayer or a colleague with similar political sentiments.","De Brahm concentrated his surveying efforts on the east coast of Florida, from St. Augustine south to the Keys. This chart of the southern tip of east Florida was included in the English edition of The Atlantic Pilot, along with a chart of the Gulf Stream and a map of the ancient Florida peninsula. De Brahm's meticulous hydrographic survey work is evident in this chart, with its numerous soundings, outlines of shoals, and inclusion of anchoring places. These surveys were eventually used by Des Barres, and the information was included on the charts which make up The Atlantic Neptune.","Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Jefferys \u0026 Faden  (London, England)","Robert Sayer and John Bennett (Firm)","Covens et Mortier et Covens, junior","Iaegernsche Buchhandlung","Rocque (M. A.) (Firm)","Mondhare (Firm)","Esnauts et Rapilly","American Philosophical Society","Iagernschen Buchhandlung","Kaiserlich Franciscische Akademie der Freien Künste und Wissenschaften","Homann Erben (Firm)","France. Ingénieurs de l'Armée","Hôtel de Soubise (Paris, France)","Basset (Firm)","Society of Anti-Gallicans","Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)","Jefferys, Thomas, -1771","Green, John, -1757","Page, Thomas Hyde, Sir, 1746-1821","Blaskowitz, Charles","Montrésor, John, 1736-1799","Hills, John, active 1777-1819","Holland, Samuel, 1728-1801","Bauman, Sebastian","Blamey, Jacob","Werner, S. W.","Barber, J.","Hawkes, W.","De Brahm, John Gerar William, 1717-approximately 1799","Bull, William, 1710-1791","Collet, John (John Abraham)","Bayly, J.","Hooper, S. (Samuel)","Wallis, John, 1714-1793","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Vallancey, Charles (Charles Vallancey), 1721-1812","Klockhoff, H. (Hendrik)","Des Barres, Joseph F. W. (Joseph Frederick Wallet), 1729-1824","Wilkinson, William Cumberland","Serres, Dominic, 1719-1793","Ozanne, Pierre, 1737-1813","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fortin, J. (Jean), 1740-1817","Mitchell, John, 1711-1768","Millar, Andrew, 1705-1768","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Phelipeau, René, active 1748-1784","Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, Marquis, 1738-1805","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de, 1725-1807","Jaeger, Johann Christian","Berndt, Johann Christian, 1748-1812","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Ravell, Anthony, 1675-1727","Delarochette, L. (Louis), 1731-1802","Beaurain, Jean de, 1696-1771","Croisey, P.","Blanchard, Joseph, -1758","Langdon, Samuel, 1723-1797","Townshend, Charles, 1725-1767","Blodget, Samuel, 1724-1807","Bonne, Rigobert, 1727-1794","Lattré, Jean","Bowles, Carington, 1724-1793","Brion de la Tour, Louis, 1743-1803","Desnos, Louis-Charles, 1725-1805","Jaillot, Alexis Hubert, 1632?-1712","Byres, John","Bayly, John Abraham, active 1755-1794","Capitaine du Chesnoy, Michel, 1746-1804","Perrier, active 1760-1824","Bowles, John, 1701-1779","Howdell, Thomas (1747-1771)","Canot, Pierre Charles, 1710-1777","Denis, Louis, 1725-1794","Donnhäuser, Johann David, 1752-1789","Dumas, Mathieu, comte, 1753-1837","Rocque, John, -1762","Durnford, Desmaretz, -1782","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Easburn, Benjamin","André, Peter","Eliot, J. B.","Eynon, R.","Ratzer, Bernard","Bancker, Gerard, 1740-1799","Sauthier, Claude Joseph","Fisher, Thomas, 1741-1810","Smither, James","Fitch, John, 1743-1798","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Gage, Thomas, 1721-1787","Aitken, Robert, 1735-1802","Gascoigne, John","Gerlach, P., Deputy Quarter Master General","Grasse, François Joseph Paul de Grasse, comte de, 1722-1788","Graves, Thomas Graves, 1725?-1802","Williams, Richard, -1776","Will, Johann Martin, 1727-1806","Grevingen, F. de","Maugein, Charles","Rolffsen, F. N., approximately 1719-1802","Zell, J. M.","Bergmiller (Engraver)","Winckler, Jean Benoit","Archibald, Campbell, Lieut. Col. 71st Regt.","Berger, Daniel","Cheevers, T.","Imbert, J. Leopold","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Kilian, Georg Christoph, 1709-1781","Lodge, John, -1796","Scull, Nicholas, 1686?-1761?","Heap, George, active 1715-1760","Smyth, Hervey, 1734-1811","Benazech, Peter (Peter Paul), 1730?-1798","Sandby, Paul, 1731-1809","Swain, Francis, active 1740-1782","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Stobo, Robert, 1726-1770","Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817","Lartigue, Pierre-Jerome, 1729-1772","Rigaudiere, Chevalier","Leach, J.","Lotter, Matthäus Albrecht, 1741-1810","Moithey, Maurille Antoine, 1732-1805","Andrews, Peter, active 1765-1782","Müller, J. C. (Johann Carl)","Orme, Robert, -1781","Moses, Park, active 1766-","Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquis of, 1737-1805","Nolin, Jean Baptiste, 1686-1762","Pingeling, T. A. (Thomas Albrecht), 1727-1803","Ritter, F. C.","Rapin de Thoyras, M. (Paul), 1661-1725","Tindal, N. (Nicholas), 1687-1774","Rhode, Johann Christoph, 1713-1786","Berger, Friedrich Gottlieb, 1713-","Herbert, William","Tarleton, Lieutenant-General (Banastre), 1754-1833","Delamarche, Charles François, 1740-1817","Burgoyne, John, 1722-1792","Halifax, George Montagu-Dunk, Earl of, 1716-1771","Romans, Bernard, 1741?-approximately 1784","Hancock, John, 1737-1793","Andrews, John, 1736-1809","Harris, John, 1756-1846","Braddock, Edward, 1695?-1755","De Foligne, M., Lieutenant du Frigate du Roi","Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, 1753-1815","Harmar, Josiah, 1753-1813","Gibson, J. (John), active 1750-1792","English \n,        French \n,        German \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["2019.SC.034","/repositories/3/resources/74"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Richard H. Brown Revolutionary War Map Collection"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783"],"creator_ssm":["Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)"],"creator_ssim":["Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)"],"creators_ssim":["Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Maps (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clegalstatus id=\"aspace_b90406ad3efdaf42b8e6aef1e75cd3e9\"\u003eClient reference #104; WAG #289263; IL# 2020-IL-001-083\n\u003c/legalstatus\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. The library reserves the right to restrict access to certain items for preservation purposes.","Client reference #104; WAG #289263; IL# 2020-IL-001-083\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEnglish manuscript map showing Mud Island Fort and artillery batteries in the surrounding area.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["English manuscript map showing Mud Island Fort and artillery batteries in the surrounding area."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClient reference #21; WAG #289150\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 31 March 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #20; WAG #289148\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 10 February 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 7 April 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #18; WAG #289146\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference 17;\t WAG 289144\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 8 February 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Reference # 13 ; WAG # 289139\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #22; WAG #289151\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 26 September 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #26; WAG #289159\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 17 December 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #27; WAG #289162\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGowan Book Company, 25 July 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #30; WAG #289166\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 26 September 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #32; WAG #289170\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 8 November 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #33; WAG #289171\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 7 February 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Reference # 15 ; WAG # 289142\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps ; Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 2 February 1998\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference # 12 ; WAG# 289136\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibraire Le Bail, Paris, 5 January 2010\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference 38; WAG #289177\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 9 December 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #42; WAG #289184\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 25 April 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #43; WAG #289187\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 10 September 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #51; WAG #289200\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 21 December 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #59; WAG #289214\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 24 June 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #63; WAG #289220\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 17 December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #64; WAG #289222\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 17 December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #71; WAG #289231\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 16 May 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #75; WAG #289235\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #61; WAG #289217\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 18 March 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #82; WAG # 289242\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 10 Mar 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #86; WAG #289246\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 9 January 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient #88; WAG #289248\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Reference # 89 ; WAG # 289249\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 7 September 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #90; WAG #289250\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 22 April 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #91; WAG #289251\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 17 December 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #99; WAG #289258\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 19 April 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient references #103; WAG #289262\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHigh Ridge Books, 20 April 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #108; WAG #289267\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibraire Ancienne des Trois Islets, 8 April 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #110; WAG #289269\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #118; WAG #289276\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan LLC, 12 September 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #138; WAG #289288\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #141; WAG #289291\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 17 December 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #160; WAG #289300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 8 February 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #198; WAG #289311\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 26 September 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #279; WAG #289329\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 14 September 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #281; WAG #289331\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 8 May 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #282; WAG #289332\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 20 January 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #250;l WAG #289348\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePurchased Sotheby's December 11, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #269; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #270; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #271; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient #272; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #261; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #262; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #263; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference # 264 ; WAG# 289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #265; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #266; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #267; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #268; WAG #289349\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #303\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #304\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #306\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #307.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #305\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Ref: B33 ; WAG# 289344; IL# 2020-IL-001-021\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #67; WAG #289227; IL# 2020-IL-001-043\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #19; WAG #289147\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 10 February 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #114; WAG #289273; IL# 2020-IL-001-045\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 2 November 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #230; WAG #289315; IL# 2020-IL-001-046\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (purchase at Christie's 2607 sale on 7 December 2012), 2 January 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #145; WAG #13773/289295; IL# 2020-IL-001-047\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArader Galleries, 8 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #117; WAG #289275; IL# 2020-IL-001-048\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSothebys, 5 December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #29; WAG #289163; IL# 2020-IL-001-049\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 13 December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #111; WAG #289270; IL# 2020-IL-001-050\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 7 April 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #254; WAG #289325\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #161; WAG #289301; IL# 2020-IL-001-052\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCogen \u0026amp; Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #172; WAG #289307; IL# 2020-IL-001-053\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJonathan Potter Limited, 9 March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #96; WAG #289256; IL# 2020-IL-001-054\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, Inc., 23 February 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #167; WAG #289302; IL# 2020-IL-001-055\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 April 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #171; WAG #289306; IL# 2020-IL-001-056\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJonathan Potter Limited, 27 September 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #124; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-057\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #125; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-058\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #126; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-059\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #127; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-060\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #245; WAG #289320; IL# 2020-IL-001-061\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNortheast Auctions, Portsmouth NH, 17 August 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #143; WAG #289293\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 21 July 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #45; WAG #289190; IL# 2020-IL-001-063\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJonathan Potter Limited, 9 July 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #123; WAG #289281; IL# 2020-IL-001-064\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #253; WAG #289324; IL# 2020-IL-001-095\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 12 February 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #9; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #54; WAG #289204; IL# 2020-IL-001-065\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #149; WAG #289297; IL# 2020-IL-001-066\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 April 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #246, 247; WAG #289347; IL# 2020-IL-001-067\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 13 April 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #184; WAG #289309; IL# 2020-IL-001-068\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 6 May 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #36; WAG #289175; IL #2020-IL-001-069\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #25; WAG #289158; IL# 2020-IL-001-070\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 20 November 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #199; WAG #289312\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 10 December 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #41; WAG #289418; IL# 2020-IL-001-072\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 14 September 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #95; WAG #289255; IL# 2020-IL-001-073\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 11 March 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #73; WAG #289233; IL# 2020-IL-001-074\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 29 March 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #85; WAG #289245; IL# 2020-IL-001-075\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (purchase at Sotheby's 8211 sale lot 216 on 15 June 2006), 19 June 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #81; WAG #289241; IL# 2020-IL-001-076\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 7 November 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #55; WAG #289206; IL# 2020-IL-001-077\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 27 June 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #56; WAG #289208; IL# 2020-IL-001-078\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 17 December 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #121; WAG #289279\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 14 January 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #52; WAG #289201; IL# 2020-IL-001-080\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 17 September 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #48; WAG #289195\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 8 November 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #275; WAG #289327\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 6 January 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 26 July 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #140; WAG #289290\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 16 December 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #255; WAG #289326\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 4 March 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #280; WAG #289330\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 16 May 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #113; WAG #289272; IL# 2020-IL-001-087\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 20 November 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #84; WAG #289244; IL# 2020-IL-001-089\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 5 December 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #57; WAG #289210\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 17 December 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient # 107; WAG #289266; IL# 2020-IL-001-182\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (bought at Swann Auction sale 2074 on 30 March 2006), 3 April 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #98; WAG #289257; IL# 2020-IL-001-183\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #148; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-184\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #150; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-185\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #151; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-186\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #152; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-187\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #153; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-188\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #154; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-189\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference 3 add ; WAG# 289351; IL# 2020-IL-001-210x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 26 June 2018 (revised 13 July 2018)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #155; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-190\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #156; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-191\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #157; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-192\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289345\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289345\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #130; WAG #289283\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 27 May 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #79; WAG #289239; IL# 2020-IL-001-092\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 7 July 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #101; WAG #289260; IL# 2020-IL-001-093\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #252; WAG #289323; IL# 2020-IL-001-094\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 12 February 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #173; WAG #289308\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBonhams, 2 December 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #77; WAG #289237; 2020-IL-001-097\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eH.P. Kraus, 7 July 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #158; WAG #289298; IL# 2020-IL-001-098\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #44; WAG #289188\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-099\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 8 February 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #46; WAG #289193; Previous IL# 2020-IL-001-100\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #162; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-101\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 13 July 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #11; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #163; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-102\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 13 July 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #164; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-103\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 13 July 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #5; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #283; WAG #289417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 7 July 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #277; WAG #289328; IL# 2020-IL-001-170\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 1 September 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #106; WAG #289265; IL# 2020-IL-001-171\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Company, 25 March 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #119; WAG #289277; IL# 2020-IL-001-172\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #169; WAG #289304; IL# 2020-IL-001-173\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 5 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #170; WAG #289305\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-174\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 19 December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #201; WAG #289314; IL# 2020-IL-001-175\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 25 September 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #100; WAG #289259; IL# 2020-IL-001-176\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #58; WAG #289213; IL# 2020-IL-001-177\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Company, 11 April 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #165; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-104\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 13 July 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #166; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-105\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 13 July 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #284; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-106\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 13 July 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #231; WAG #289316; IL# 2020-IL-001-107\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 23 May 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #234; WAG #289319; IL# 2020-IL-001-108\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSotheby's, 5 December 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #232; WAG #289319\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSotheby's New York, 11 June 2013, lot #83.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #40; WAG #289181; IL# 2020-IL-001-110\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 27 September 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #197; WAG #289310; IL# 2020-IL-001-111\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 2 March 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #65; WAG #289224; IL# 2020-IL-001-112\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShapero Rare Books, 4 April 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWAG #289358\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexander Gallery, 27 January 2014. Charles Bigelow (b. 1884) of Boston, by direct descent to his grand daughter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #60; WAG #289216; IL# 2020-IL-001-113\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 23 October 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #105; WAG #289264; IL# 2020-IL-001-114\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 8 July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #70; WAG #289230; IL# 2020-IL-001-115\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 26 June 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #76; WAG #289236; IL# 2020-IL-001-116\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #68; WAG #289228; IL# 2020-IL-001-117\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBernard Shapero Rare Books, 2 May 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #37; WAG #289176; IL# 2020-IL-001-118\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #134; WAG #289284\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Old Print Gallery, 3 May 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #147; WAG #289344; IL# 2020-IL-001-120\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSotheby's New York, 1 December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #39; WAG #289179; IL# 2020-IL-001-121\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 28 June 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #109; WAG #289268; IL# 2020-IL-001-122\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 25 October 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #122; WAG #289280; IL# 2020-IL-001-123\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 1 June 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #74; WAG #289234; IL# 2020-IL-001-124\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 17 December 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #14; WAG #289140\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #50; WAG #289199; IL# 2020-IL-001-126\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 15 November 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elient reference #120; WAG #289278; IL# 2020-IL-001-127\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #102; WAG #289261; IL# 2020-IL-001-128\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #291; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-129\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Co, 7 April 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePreviously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #292; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-130\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Co, 7 April 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePreviously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #293; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-131\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Co, 7 April 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePreviously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #294; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-132\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Co, 7 April 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePreviously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #295; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-133\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Co, 7 April 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePreviously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #296; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-134\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Reese Co, 7 April 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePreviously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #128; WAG #289282; IL# 2020-IL-001-135\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArader Galleries, 23 November 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #249; WAG #289322; IL# 2020-IL-001-136\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen and Taliaferro LLC, 5 June 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #93; WAG #289253; IL# 2020-IL-001-137\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 10 May 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #24; WAG #289156\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 6 March 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #146; WAG #289296\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 14 January 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #168; WAG #289303; IL# 2020-IL-001-140\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClive A. Burden, 11 May 2012, (from Sotheby's New York for client).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #69; WAG #289229\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-168\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClive Burden, 19 April 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #78; WAG #289238; IL# 2020-IL-001-156\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 19 December 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #83; WAG #289243\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 7 September 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #66; WAG #289226; IL# 2020-IL-001-179\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 30 May 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #62; WAG #289218; IL# 2020-IL-001-180\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 24 June 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJonathan Potter Limited, 18 December 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #135; WAG #289285\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #80; WAG #289240\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #112; WAG #289271; IL# 2020-IL-001-142\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 13 May 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elient reference #159; WAG #289299; IL# 2020-IL-001-143\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 7 April 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elient reference #53; WAG #289203; IL# 2020-IL-001-144\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArader Galleries, 8 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #72; WAG #289232; IL# 2020-IL-001-145\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Taliaferro LLC, 11 October 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #139; WAG #289289; IL# 2020-IL-001-146\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 22 April 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #94; WAG #289254; IL# 2020-IL-001-147\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 24 April 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #115; WAG #289274\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-148\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Arkway, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #136; WAG #289286\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 10 March 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #137; WAG #289287\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 10 March 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #233; WAG #289318; IL# 2020-IL-001-151\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwann Auction Galleries, 10 October 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #142; WAG #289292; IL# 2020-IL-001-152\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwann Galleries, New York, 2 June 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #31; WAG #289168\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHigh Ridge Books Inc., 20 March 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #49; WAG #289197\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway Inc., 18 January 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #92; WAG #289252\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan, 26 September 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elient reference #248; WAG #289321; IL# 2020-IL-001-157\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel Crouch Rare Books, 15 April 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #144; WAG #289294; IL# 2020-IL-001-158\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArader Galleries, 8 November 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference#10; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #7; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #34; WAG #289173; IL# 2020-IL-001-161\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #23; WAG #289154; IL# 2020-IL-001-162\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJonathan Potter Limited, 29 November 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #6; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #8; WAG #289354\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #B39; WAG #289180; IL# 2020-IL-001-193x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge S. MacManus Co. (bought at Sotheby's New York 1 December 2005), 5 December 2005. William Guthman Collection of Manuscript, Printed, and Graphic Americana\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #8ADD; WAG #289356; IL# 2020-IL-001-194x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 12 March 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #4 ADD; WAG #289352; IL# 2020-IL-001-195x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartayan Lan \u0026amp; Augustyn Inc., 31 May 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #297; WAG #289333; IL# 2020-IL-001-205x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRouillac, 13 June 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #1 ADD, 2 ADD; WAG #289342; IL#  2020-IL-001-206x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap: Christie's, 5 December 2017, lot 8.  Provenance: François-Jean de Beauvoir, Marquis de Chastellux (1734 -1788)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #7 ADD; WAG #289357\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChristie's New York, 19 June 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #5 ADD; WAG #289353; IL# 2020-IL-001-207x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoston Rare Maps, 14 June 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003elient reference #6 ADD; WAG #289355; IL# 2020-IL-001-208x\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarry Ruderman (purchased at Bonhams Germany), 14 April 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2020-IL-001-122b\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClient reference #43B; OCLC number 62820410; WAG # 13773/289186; IL# 2020-IL-001-213x\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference 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numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","Reference numbers","Provenance","provenance","provenance ","provenance","Custodial History","Reference numbers"],"custodhist_tesim":["Client reference #21; WAG #289150","Martayan Lan, 31 March 1992.","Client reference #20; WAG #289148","Richard B. Arkway, 10 February 1991.","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 7 April 1995.","Client reference #18; WAG #289146","Client reference 17;\t WAG 289144","Richard Arkway, 8 February 1994.","Client Reference # 13 ; WAG # 289139","Client reference #22; WAG #289151","Martayan Lan, 26 September 1991.","Client reference #26; WAG #289159","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #27; WAG #289162","McGowan Book Company, 25 July 1994.","Client reference #30; WAG #289166","Martayan Lan, 26 September 1991.","Client reference #32; WAG #289170","Martayan Lan, 8 November 1991.","Client reference #33; WAG #289171","Richard B. Arkway, 7 February 1996.","Client Reference # 15 ; WAG # 289142","Boston Rare Maps ; Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 2 February 1998","Client reference # 12 ; WAG# 289136","Libraire Le Bail, Paris, 5 January 2010","Client reference 38; WAG #289177","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 9 December 1999.","Client reference #42; WAG #289184","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 25 April 1994.","Client reference #43; WAG #289187","Richard B. Arkway, 10 September 1997.","Client reference #51; WAG #289200","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 21 December 1993.","Client reference #59; WAG #289214","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 24 June 1993.","Client reference #63; WAG #289220","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 17 December 2003.","Client reference #64; WAG #289222","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 17 December 2003.","Client reference #71; WAG #289231","Richard Arkway, 16 May 1997.","Client reference #75; WAG #289235","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client reference #61; WAG #289217","Marayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 18 March 1993.","Client reference #82; WAG # 289242","Richard Arkway, 10 Mar 1992.","Client reference #86; WAG #289246","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 9 January 2001.","Client #88; WAG #289248","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client Reference # 89 ; WAG # 289249","Martayan Lan, 7 September 1995.","Client reference #90; WAG #289250","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 22 April 1992.","Client reference #91; WAG #289251","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #99; WAG #289258","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 19 April 1993.","Client references #103; WAG #289262","High Ridge Books, 20 April 1995.","Client reference #108; WAG #289267","Libraire Ancienne des Trois Islets, 8 April 2011.","Client reference #110; WAG #289269","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.","Client reference #118; WAG #289276","Martayan Lan LLC, 12 September 1997.","Client reference #138; WAG #289288","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #141; WAG #289291","Richard B. Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #160; WAG #289300","Richard Arkway, 8 February 1994.","Client reference #198; WAG #289311","Richard Arkway, 26 September 1991.","Client reference #279; WAG #289329","Richard B. Arkway, 14 September 1994.","Client reference #281; WAG #289331","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 8 May 1992.","Client reference #282; WAG #289332","Richard B. Arkway, 20 January 1999.","Client reference #250;l WAG #289348","Purchased Sotheby's December 11, 2007.","Client reference #269; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #270; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #271; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client #272; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #261; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #262; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #263; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference # 264 ; WAG# 289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #265; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #266; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #267; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #268; WAG #289349","Sothebys Paris, 30 April 2013.","Client reference #303","Client reference #304","Client reference #306","Client reference #307.","Client reference #305","Client Ref: B33 ; WAG# 289344; IL# 2020-IL-001-021","Client reference #67; WAG #289227; IL# 2020-IL-001-043","Client reference #19; WAG #289147","Richard B. Arkway, 10 February 1997.","Client reference #114; WAG #289273; IL# 2020-IL-001-045","Boston Rare Maps, 2 November 2011.","Client reference #230; WAG #289315; IL# 2020-IL-001-046","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (purchase at Christie's 2607 sale on 7 December 2012), 2 January 2013.","Client reference #145; WAG #13773/289295; IL# 2020-IL-001-047","Arader Galleries, 8 November 2006.","Client reference #117; WAG #289275; IL# 2020-IL-001-048","Sothebys, 5 December 2005.","Client reference #29; WAG #289163; IL# 2020-IL-001-049","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 13 December 2003.","Client reference #111; WAG #289270; IL# 2020-IL-001-050","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 7 April 2008.","Client reference #254; WAG #289325","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #161; WAG #289301; IL# 2020-IL-001-052","Cogen \u0026 Taliaferro, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #172; WAG #289307; IL# 2020-IL-001-053","Jonathan Potter Limited, 9 March 2009.","Client reference #96; WAG #289256; IL# 2020-IL-001-054","Richard B. Arkway, Inc., 23 February 2004.","Client reference #167; WAG #289302; IL# 2020-IL-001-055","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 April 2005.","Client reference #171; WAG #289306; IL# 2020-IL-001-056","Jonathan Potter Limited, 27 September 2007.","Client reference #124; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-057","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #125; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-058","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #126; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-059","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #127; WAG #289343; IL# 2020-IL-001-060","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #245; WAG #289320; IL# 2020-IL-001-061","Northeast Auctions, Portsmouth NH, 17 August 2014.","Client reference #143; WAG #289293","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 21 July 1995.","Client reference #45; WAG #289190; IL# 2020-IL-001-063","Jonathan Potter Limited, 9 July 2004.","Client reference #123; WAG #289281; IL# 2020-IL-001-064","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 May 2007.","Client reference #253; WAG #289324; IL# 2020-IL-001-095","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 12 February 2003.","Client reference #9; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #54; WAG #289204; IL# 2020-IL-001-065","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client reference #149; WAG #289297; IL# 2020-IL-001-066","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 April 2005.","Client reference #246, 247; WAG #289347; IL# 2020-IL-001-067","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 13 April 2015.","Client reference #184; WAG #289309; IL# 2020-IL-001-068","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 6 May 2009.","Client reference #36; WAG #289175; IL #2020-IL-001-069","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2008.","Client reference #25; WAG #289158; IL# 2020-IL-001-070","Boston Rare Maps, 20 November 2007.","Client reference #199; WAG #289312","Richard Arkway, 10 December 1991.","Client reference #41; WAG #289418; IL# 2020-IL-001-072","Richard B. Arkway, 14 September 1994.","Client reference #95; WAG #289255; IL# 2020-IL-001-073","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 11 March 2005.","Client reference #73; WAG #289233; IL# 2020-IL-001-074","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 29 March 2006.","Client reference #85; WAG #289245; IL# 2020-IL-001-075","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (purchase at Sotheby's 8211 sale lot 216 on 15 June 2006), 19 June 2006.","Client reference #81; WAG #289241; IL# 2020-IL-001-076","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 7 November 1991.","Client reference #55; WAG #289206; IL# 2020-IL-001-077","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 27 June 1991.","Client reference #56; WAG #289208; IL# 2020-IL-001-078","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #121; WAG #289279","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 14 January 1999.","Client reference #52; WAG #289201; IL# 2020-IL-001-080","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 17 September 1990.","Client reference #48; WAG #289195","Martayan Lan, 8 November 1991.","Client reference #275; WAG #289327","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 6 January 1994.","Richard Arkway, 26 July 2004.","Client reference #140; WAG #289290","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 16 December 1999.","Client reference #255; WAG #289326","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 4 March 1993.","Client reference #280; WAG #289330","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 16 May 1997.","Client reference #113; WAG #289272; IL# 2020-IL-001-087","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2008.","Boston Rare Maps, 20 November 2007.","Client reference #84; WAG #289244; IL# 2020-IL-001-089","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 5 December 2001.","Client reference #57; WAG #289210","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client # 107; WAG #289266; IL# 2020-IL-001-182","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (bought at Swann Auction sale 2074 on 30 March 2006), 3 April 2006.","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","Client reference #98; WAG #289257; IL# 2020-IL-001-183","Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.","Client reference #148; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-184","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #150; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-185","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #151; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-186","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #152; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-187","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #153; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-188","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #154; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-189","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference 3 add ; WAG# 289351; IL# 2020-IL-001-210x","Boston Rare Maps, 26 June 2018 (revised 13 July 2018)","Client reference #155; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-190","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #156; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-191","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","Client reference #157; WAG #289345; IL# 2020-IL-001-192","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC (item purchase at Christie's London 15 November 2006 sale lot 104), 30 November 2006.","WAG #289345","WAG #289345","Client reference #130; WAG #289283","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 27 May 1993.","Client reference #79; WAG #289239; IL# 2020-IL-001-092","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 7 July 2010.","Client reference #101; WAG #289260; IL# 2020-IL-001-093","Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.","Client reference #252; WAG #289323; IL# 2020-IL-001-094","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 12 February 2003.","Client reference #173; WAG #289308","Bonhams, 2 December 2010.","Client reference #77; WAG #289237; 2020-IL-001-097","H.P. Kraus, 7 July 1997.","Client reference #158; WAG #289298; IL# 2020-IL-001-098","Client reference #44; WAG #289188\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-099","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 8 February 2008.","Client reference #46; WAG #289193; Previous IL# 2020-IL-001-100","Client reference #162; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-101","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #11; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #163; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-102","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #164; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-103","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #5; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #283; WAG #289417","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 7 July 1994.","Client reference #277; WAG #289328; IL# 2020-IL-001-170","The Philadelphia Print Shop LTD., 1 September 1995.","Client reference #106; WAG #289265; IL# 2020-IL-001-171","William Reese Company, 25 March 2008.","Client reference #119; WAG #289277; IL# 2020-IL-001-172","Richard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #169; WAG #289304; IL# 2020-IL-001-173","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 5 June 2007.","Client reference #170; WAG #289305\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-174","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 19 December 2005.","Client reference #201; WAG #289314; IL# 2020-IL-001-175","Boston Rare Maps, 25 September 2012.","Client reference #100; WAG #289259; IL# 2020-IL-001-176","Richard B. Arkway, Inc. 30 November 2004.","Client reference #58; WAG #289213; IL# 2020-IL-001-177","William Reese Company, 11 April 2011.","Client reference #165; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-104","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #166; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-105","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #284; WAG #289346; IL# 2020-IL-001-106","Richard Arkway, 13 July 1999.","Client reference #231; WAG #289316; IL# 2020-IL-001-107","Boston Rare Maps, 23 May 2013.","Client reference #234; WAG #289319; IL# 2020-IL-001-108","Sotheby's, 5 December 2013.","Client reference #232; WAG #289319","Sotheby's New York, 11 June 2013, lot #83.","Client reference #40; WAG #289181; IL# 2020-IL-001-110","Boston Rare Maps, 27 September 2012.","Client reference #197; WAG #289310; IL# 2020-IL-001-111","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 2 March 2007.","Client reference #65; WAG #289224; IL# 2020-IL-001-112","Shapero Rare Books, 4 April 2010.","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","WAG #289358","Alexander Gallery, 27 January 2014. Charles Bigelow (b. 1884) of Boston, by direct descent to his grand daughter","Client reference #60; WAG #289216; IL# 2020-IL-001-113","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 23 October 2007.","Client reference #105; WAG #289264; IL# 2020-IL-001-114","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 8 July 2011.","Client reference #70; WAG #289230; IL# 2020-IL-001-115","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 26 June 2008.","Client reference #76; WAG #289236; IL# 2020-IL-001-116","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 27 June 1996.","Client reference #68; WAG #289228; IL# 2020-IL-001-117","Bernard Shapero Rare Books, 2 May 2008.","Client reference #37; WAG #289176; IL# 2020-IL-001-118","Client reference #134; WAG #289284","The Old Print Gallery, 3 May 1991.","Client reference #147; WAG #289344; IL# 2020-IL-001-120","Sotheby's New York, 1 December 2005.","Client reference #39; WAG #289179; IL# 2020-IL-001-121","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 28 June 2006.","Client reference #109; WAG #289268; IL# 2020-IL-001-122","Richard B. Arkway, 25 October 1995.","Client reference #122; WAG #289280; IL# 2020-IL-001-123","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 1 June 2005.","Client reference #74; WAG #289234; IL# 2020-IL-001-124","Richard Arkway, 17 December 1996.","Client reference #14; WAG #289140","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.","Client reference #50; WAG #289199; IL# 2020-IL-001-126","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 15 November 2002.","lient reference #120; WAG #289278; IL# 2020-IL-001-127","Richard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #102; WAG #289261; IL# 2020-IL-001-128","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 22 February 2010.","Client reference #291; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-129","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #292; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-130","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #293; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-131","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #294; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-132","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #295; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-133","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #296; WAG #289350; IL# 2020-IL-001-134","William Reese Co, 7 April 2014.","Previously owned by \"Charles R. Sanders Jr of Halifax County Virginia\".","Client reference #128; WAG #289282; IL# 2020-IL-001-135","Arader Galleries, 23 November 2003.","Client reference #249; WAG #289322; IL# 2020-IL-001-136","Cohen and Taliaferro LLC, 5 June 2014.","Client reference #93; WAG #289253; IL# 2020-IL-001-137","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 10 May 2004.","Client reference #24; WAG #289156","Boston Rare Maps, 6 March 2006.","Client reference #146; WAG #289296","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 14 January 1999.","Client reference #168; WAG #289303; IL# 2020-IL-001-140","Clive A. Burden, 11 May 2012, (from Sotheby's New York for client).","Client reference #69; WAG #289229\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-168","Clive Burden, 19 April 2011.","Client reference #78; WAG #289238; IL# 2020-IL-001-156","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 19 December 2005.","Client reference #83; WAG #289243","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 7 September 1995.","Client reference #66; WAG #289226; IL# 2020-IL-001-179","Boston Rare Maps, 30 May 2008.","Client reference #62; WAG #289218; IL# 2020-IL-001-180","Martayan Lan, 24 June 1992.","Jonathan Potter Limited, 18 December 2007.","Client reference #135; WAG #289285","Client reference #80; WAG #289240","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 14 June 1995.","Client reference #112; WAG #289271; IL# 2020-IL-001-142","Martayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 13 May 2004.","lient reference #159; WAG #289299; IL# 2020-IL-001-143","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 7 April 2008.","lient reference #53; WAG #289203; IL# 2020-IL-001-144","Arader Galleries, 8 November 2006.","Client reference #72; WAG #289232; IL# 2020-IL-001-145","Cohen \u0026 Taliaferro LLC, 11 October 2005.","Client reference #139; WAG #289289; IL# 2020-IL-001-146","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 22 April 1992.","Client reference #94; WAG #289254; IL# 2020-IL-001-147","Marayan Lan Augustyn Inc., 24 April 2001.","Client reference #115; WAG #289274\nPrevious IL #: 2020-IL-001-148","Richard Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #136; WAG #289286","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 10 March 1992.","Client reference #137; WAG #289287","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 10 March 1992.","Client reference #233; WAG #289318; IL# 2020-IL-001-151","Swann Auction Galleries, 10 October 2013.","Client reference #142; WAG #289292; IL# 2020-IL-001-152","Swann Galleries, New York, 2 June 2011.","Client reference #31; WAG #289168","High Ridge Books Inc., 20 March 1991.","Client reference #49; WAG #289197","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 18 January 1993.","Client reference #92; WAG #289252","Martayan Lan, 26 September 1991.","lient reference #248; WAG #289321; IL# 2020-IL-001-157","Daniel Crouch Rare Books, 15 April 2015.","Client reference #144; WAG #289294; IL# 2020-IL-001-158","Arader Galleries, 8 November 2006.","Client reference#10; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #7; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #34; WAG #289173; IL# 2020-IL-001-161","Richard B. Arkway, 19 June 2007.","Client reference #23; WAG #289154; IL# 2020-IL-001-162","Jonathan Potter Limited, 29 November 2005.","Client reference #6; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #8; WAG #289354","Four of the seven maps: Boston Rare Maps, 28 November 2011. Three of the set of seven: Boston Rare Maps, 5 Jul 2011.","Client reference #B39; WAG #289180; IL# 2020-IL-001-193x","George S. MacManus Co. (bought at Sotheby's New York 1 December 2005), 5 December 2005. William Guthman Collection of Manuscript, Printed, and Graphic Americana","Client reference #8ADD; WAG #289356; IL# 2020-IL-001-194x","Boston Rare Maps, 12 March 2014.","Client reference #4 ADD; WAG #289352; IL# 2020-IL-001-195x","Martayan Lan \u0026 Augustyn Inc., 31 May 2018.","Client reference #297; WAG #289333; IL# 2020-IL-001-205x","Rouillac, 13 June 2016.","Client reference #1 ADD, 2 ADD; WAG #289342; IL#  2020-IL-001-206x","Map: Christie's, 5 December 2017, lot 8.  Provenance: François-Jean de Beauvoir, Marquis de Chastellux (1734 -1788)","Client reference #7 ADD; WAG #289357","Christie's New York, 19 June 2014.","Client reference #5 ADD; WAG #289353; IL# 2020-IL-001-207x","Boston Rare Maps, 14 June 2006.","lient reference #6 ADD; WAG #289355; IL# 2020-IL-001-208x","Barry Ruderman (purchased at Bonhams Germany), 14 April 2015.","Client Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191","Client Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191","Client Ref # B45 ; WAG # 289191","2020-IL-001-122b","Client reference #43B; OCLC number 62820410; WAG # 13773/289186; IL# 2020-IL-001-213x"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLondon: Jeffreys \u0026amp; Faden, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1774\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Wm. Faden, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Willm. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : William Faden, [1778?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Willm. Faden, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robt. Sayer and Jno. Bennett, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed \u0026amp; sold by A. Dury, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Wm. Faden, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : W. Hawkes, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : T. Jefferys, 1757\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : S. Hooper, 1770\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Wallis, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge,1781\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Engraved and published by Wm. Faden, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Chéz Covens et Mortier, et Covens, junior, 1780-1789\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Wm. Faden, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon? : [s.n.], 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : W. Faden\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : R. Sayer \u0026amp; J. Bennett, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : J.F.W. Des Barres, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublisher unknown : place of publication unknown, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Fortin, Ing'r mécanicien du Roi pour les globes et sphères, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Sold by And: Millar opposite Katharine Street in the Strand, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez le Sr. Phelipeau, 1786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1785\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : W. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1781\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFranckfurt am Mayn : Zu finden in der Iaegernschen Buchhandlung, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFranckfurt am Mayn : Zu finden in der Iaegernschen Buchhandlung, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : chez l'auteur. 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez le Chevalier de Beaurain, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePortsmouth, N.H : [publisher not identified], 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnknown\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Wm. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : T. Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Lattre, 1781\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : Chez Lattré, 1788\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Carington Bowles, 1785\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Carington Bowles, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : Chez Esnauts et Rapilly, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez le Sr. Desnos, 1783-1787\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : M. Brion de la Tour, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : Chez le Sr. Desnos, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : S. Hooper, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : S. Hooper, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : S. Hooper, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : S. Hooper, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Perrier ; Chez Fortin, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Chez C. Mortier \u0026amp; J. Covens, et Fils, 1782?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for John Bowles, 1763?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Bowles ; Robert Sayer ; Thos. Jefferys, 1763?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : Chez Basset, 1782\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : J.F.W. Des Barres, 1780?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Frankfurt am Main] : s.n., 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : published acording to the act by M.A. Rocque ... \u0026amp; A. Dury, 1762\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Publish'd as the Act directs ... by W. Faden , 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : Chéz Le Rouge, rue des Grands Augustins, 1785\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Andrew Dury, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Mondhare, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Esnauts et Rapilly, 1781?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London?] : R. Eynon, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : W. Faden, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Wm. Faden, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : [Publisher not known], 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Wm. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1771\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Place of publication not identified]  : John Fitch, 1785\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robt. Sayer ... \u0026amp; Thos. Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia : R. Aitken, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : [Publisher not identified], 1773?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : W. Faden, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : [Publisher not identified], 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Published by Wm. Faden, Geographer to the King, Charing Cross, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia : [Publisher not identified], 1796?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Joh. Martin Will, 1777?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Perrier et Verrier ; Chez Maugein, 1782?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1781?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlace of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1782?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFranckfurter : Iagernschen Buchhandlung, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : l'Academie Imperiale d'Empire des Arts liberaux, 1782?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : William Faden, May 1st 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBerlin : Daniel Berger, 1782\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA.V. [Augsburg] : I.M. Will excud, 1782\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Wm. Faden, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for William Faden, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNuremburg? : Homann Heirs?, 1780?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Bowles ; Robert Sayer ; Thos. Jefferys, 1763?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : T. Hutchins, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Mondhare, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1761\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : G. Hulst van Keulen, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Andrew Dury, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : W. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : [Publisher not identified], 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : printed for Robt. Sayer ..., T. Bowles ..., John Bowles \u0026amp; Son ..., E. Bakewell, \u0026amp; H. Parker, 1760\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chèz Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGermany? : [Publisher not identified], 1758-1759?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Joh. Mart. Will, 1777?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Printed for Robt. Sayer in Fleet Street and Thos. Jefferys at the corner of St. Martins Lane in the Strand, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : G. H. van Keulen, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : G. H. van Keulen, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Paris : Chez Lattré, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chés Lattré, 1764?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge, 1781\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : chez le Rouge, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge, 1782\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chéz le Rouge, 1782\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Le Rouge, 1756\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Le Rouge, 1776-1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Augsburg?] : Mathew Albert and George Frederic Lotter, 1784\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Hôtel de Soubise, 1778\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Paris], 1756\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez le Sr. Moithey ... et chez Crepy, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Mondhare, 1781?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : Sold by A. Dury, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed \u0026amp; sold by A. Dury, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeipzig : Johann Carl Muller, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys. 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1766\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Basset, 1783\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHamburg : F. C. Ritter. 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : [J. Harrison], 1785\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : T. Kitchin, 1769?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBerlin : Academia Regia Scientiarum et Elegantium Litterarum, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Herbert ... \u0026amp; Robt. Sayer, 1755\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : W. Faden, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : [Publisher not identified], 1787\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1781\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1782?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez Esnauts et Rapilly, rue Saint Jacques à la Ville de Coutances, 1782\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : [Publisher not identified], 1786?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParis : Chez le cit. Delamarche, 1792\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Robt. Sayer and John Bennett, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Rt. Sayer \u0026amp; Jno. Bennett, 1776\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : John Rocque at Charing Cross, 1750\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Covens and Mortier and Covens junior, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmsterdam : Covens and Mortier and Covens junior, 1780\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia : [Publisher not identified], 1775\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew Haven : [Publisher not identified], 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Wm. Faden, 1779\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : W. Faden, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[London] : R. Sayer, 1763\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : John Andrews ; John Harris, 1781\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : Printed for John Bowles ... Robert Sayer ... Thos. Jefferys … Carington Bowles ... and Henry Parker, 1768\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLondon : A. 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Jefferys, 1774","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1775","[London] : Willm. Faden, 1777","London : William Faden, [1778?]","London : Willm. Faden, 1784","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Printed for Robt. Sayer and Jno. Bennett, 1776","London : Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1783","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Printed \u0026 sold by A. Dury, 1775","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1778","London : W. Hawkes, 1776","London : T. Jefferys, 1757","London : S. Hooper, 1770","London : John Wallis, 1783","Paris : Chez Le Rouge,1781","[London] : Engraved and published by Wm. Faden, 1783","Amsterdam : Chéz Covens et Mortier, et Covens, junior, 1780-1789","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1775","London? : [s.n.], 1780","London : W. Faden","London : R. Sayer \u0026 J. Bennett, 1780","London : Wm. Faden, 1784","[London] : J.F.W. Des Barres, 1778","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1776","Publisher unknown : place of publication unknown, 1778","Paris : Chez Fortin, Ing'r mécanicien du Roi pour les globes et sphères, 1778","[London] : Sold by And: Millar opposite Katharine Street in the Strand, 1755","Paris : Chez le Sr. Phelipeau, 1786","London : Wm. Faden, 1785","[London] : W. Faden, 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : Wm. Faden, 1781","Franckfurt am Mayn : Zu finden in der Iaegernschen Buchhandlung, 1776","Franckfurt am Mayn : Zu finden in der Iaegernschen Buchhandlung, 1776","[London] : printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Le Rouge, 1778","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","Paris : Le Rouge, 1779","[London] : printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.","[London] : Printed for Robert Sayer in Fleet Street and Thomas Jefferys in the Strand, 1753.","A Paris : chez l'auteur. 1777","Paris : Chez le Chevalier de Beaurain, 1776","Portsmouth, N.H : [publisher not identified], 1761","Unknown","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1777","[London] : T. Jefferys, 1768","Paris : Lattre, 1781","A Paris : Chez Lattré, 1788","London : Carington Bowles, 1785","London : Carington Bowles, 1784","A Paris : Chez Esnauts et Rapilly, 1783","Paris : Chez le Sr. Desnos, 1783-1787","Paris : M. Brion de la Tour, 1783","A Paris : Chez le Sr. Desnos, 1783","London : S. Hooper, 1776","London : S. Hooper, 1776","London : S. Hooper, 1776","London : S. Hooper, 1776","Paris : Chez Perrier ; Chez Fortin, 1778","Amsterdam : Chez C. Mortier \u0026 J. Covens, et Fils, 1782?","London : Printed for John Bowles, 1763?","London : John Bowles ; Robert Sayer ; Thos. Jefferys, 1763?","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","A Paris : Chez Basset, 1782","[London] : J.F.W. Des Barres, 1780?","[Frankfurt am Main] : s.n., 1780","London : published acording to the act by M.A. Rocque ... \u0026 A. Dury, 1762","London : Publish'd as the Act directs ... by W. Faden , 1780","A Paris : Chéz Le Rouge, rue des Grands Augustins, 1785","London : Andrew Dury, 1776","Paris : Chez Mondhare, 1778","Paris : Esnauts et Rapilly, 1781?","[London?] : R. Eynon, 1776","[London] : W. Faden, 1778","London : Wm. Faden, 1779","London : Printed for Wm. Faden, 1784","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : [Publisher not known], 1778","[London] : Wm. Faden, 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1777","Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1771","[Place of publication not identified]  : John Fitch, 1785","London : Printed for Robt. Sayer ... \u0026 Thos. Jefferys, 1768","Philadelphia : R. Aitken, 1775","London : [Publisher not identified], 1773?","London : W. Faden, 1780","London : [Publisher not identified], 1784","London : Published by Wm. Faden, Geographer to the King, Charing Cross, 1784","Philadelphia : [Publisher not identified], 1796?","Augsburg : Joh. Martin Will, 1777?","Paris : Chez Perrier et Verrier ; Chez Maugein, 1782?","[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1781?","Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1782?","Franckfurter : Iagernschen Buchhandlung, 1780","Augsburg : l'Academie Imperiale d'Empire des Arts liberaux, 1782?","London : William Faden, May 1st 1780","Berlin : Daniel Berger, 1782","A.V. [Augsburg] : I.M. Will excud, 1782","London : Printed for Wm. Faden, 1784","London : Printed for William Faden, 1784","Nuremburg? : Homann Heirs?, 1780?","London : John Bowles ; Robert Sayer ; Thos. Jefferys, 1763?","London : T. Hutchins, 1778","Paris : Chez Mondhare, 1777","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1768","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1755","[London] : Thos. Jefferys, 1755","Amsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1783","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1761","Amsterdam : G. Hulst van Keulen, 1784","Amsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1784","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","London : Andrew Dury, 1776","London : W. Faden, 1777","London : [Publisher not identified], 1768","London : printed for Robt. Sayer ..., T. Bowles ..., John Bowles \u0026 Son ..., E. Bakewell, \u0026 H. Parker, 1760","Paris : Chèz Le Rouge, 1778","Germany? : [Publisher not identified], 1758-1759?","Augsburg : Joh. Mart. Will, 1777?","[London] : Printed for Robt. Sayer in Fleet Street and Thos. Jefferys at the corner of St. Martins Lane in the Strand, 1768","Amsterdam : G. H. van Keulen, 1784","Amsterdam : G. H. van Keulen, 1784","Amsterdam : Gerard Hulst van Keulen, 1783","A Paris : Chez Lattré, 1784","Paris : Chés Lattré, 1764?","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1781","Paris : chez le Rouge, 1755","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1778","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1782","Paris : Chéz le Rouge, 1782","Paris : Le Rouge, 1756","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1776-1777","[Augsburg?] : Mathew Albert and George Frederic Lotter, 1784","Paris : Hôtel de Soubise, 1778","[Paris], 1756","Paris : Chez le Sr. Moithey ... et chez Crepy, 1777","Paris : Mondhare, 1781?","[London] : Sold by A. Dury, 1775","London : Printed \u0026 sold by A. Dury, 1768","Leipzig : Johann Carl Muller, 1776","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys. 1768","London : Printed for Robert Sayer, ... and Thomas Jefferys, 1768","[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1766","Paris : Chez Basset, 1783","Hamburg : F. C. Ritter. 1776","London : [J. Harrison], 1785","London : T. Kitchin, 1769?","Berlin : Academia Regia Scientiarum et Elegantium Litterarum, 1755","London : Wm. Herbert ... \u0026 Robt. Sayer, 1755","London : Wm. Faden, 1776","London : W. Faden, 1780","London : [Publisher not identified], 1787","London : Wm. Faden, 1781","[Place of publication not identified]  : [Publisher not identified], 1782?","Paris : Chez Esnauts et Rapilly, rue Saint Jacques à la Ville de Coutances, 1782","Paris : [Publisher not identified], 1786?","Paris : Chez le cit. Delamarche, 1792","London : R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776","London : Robt. Sayer and John Bennett, 1780","London : R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1775","London : Rt. Sayer \u0026 Jno. Bennett, 1776","[London] : John Rocque at Charing Cross, 1750","Amsterdam : Covens and Mortier and Covens junior, 1780","Amsterdam : Covens and Mortier and Covens junior, 1780","Philadelphia : [Publisher not identified], 1775","New Haven : [Publisher not identified], 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1777","London : Wm. Faden, 1779","[London] : W. Faden, 1777","[London] : R. Sayer, 1763","London : John Andrews ; John Harris, 1781","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","London : Printed for John Bowles ... Robert Sayer ... Thos. Jefferys … Carington Bowles ... and Henry Parker, 1768","London : A. Hamilton, 1776","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","Augsburg : Christian Friedrich von der Heiden, 1760","Boston, New England : Printed by Richard Draper, for the Author, 1755","Paris : Chez LeRouge, Rue des Grands Augustins, 1778-1780","Paris : Chez Le Rouge, 1781","Unknown place of publication : Unknown publisher, approximately 1781","London : Jefferys and Faden, 1776","Paris : Chez LeRouge, Rue des Grands Augustins, approximately 1755","Unknown place of publication : Unknown publisher, 1777","London : William Gerrard de Brahm ; P. Andrews sculp, 1771","London : William Gerard De Brahm ; P. Andrews sculp, 1771","London :  William Gerard de Brahm ; P. Andrews sculp, 1771","[Boston] : Printed at Draper's printing-office, 1775"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Richard H. 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Maps and Charts published in America before 1800 (2nd ed.), 181\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1003 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 34\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 165\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 101\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWheat, C. Mapping the Transmississippi West, v.1 194\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuthorn, P. American maps and mapmakers, 11(15). Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 94\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBM maps, XIV, column 605. Phillips, 595\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeak, G. Picturing New York, 115\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 192 and 192a\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in drawings and prints, 477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 88\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 52\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDe Vorsey, L. Gulf Stream on eighteenth century maps and charts, in The Map collector, 15 (1980), 7 De Vorsey, L. Pioneer charting of the Gulf Stream, in Imago mundi, 28 (1976), 105-120\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 736\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1462. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 193\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1342. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 127\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1327. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 128\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 76. Phillips. Maps of America, p. 786\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 132\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComparative cartography [Stevens \u0026amp; Tree], 37a. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1238\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography Of Printed Battle Plans Of The American Revolution 1775-1795, 43\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWheat \u0026amp; Brun. Maps and charts (2nd ed.), 300\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoyd, T. Poor John Fitch, p. 127-128. Wheat \u0026amp; Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 660\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1429 Stevens \u0026amp; Tree. Comparative cartography, 87e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 51\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 182\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 129. Phillips. List of Maps of America, p. 299\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, Battle Plans 74. Phillips, MOA 296\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 145\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 873\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 95. Research catalog of maps in the Clements Library, II, p. 284\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeak, G. Picturing New York, 116\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 789\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 153\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 307 Stevens \u0026amp; Tree. Comparative cartography, 66b\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 29. Stevens \u0026amp; Tree. Comparative cartography, 51a\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 932.. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComparative cartography [Stevens \u0026amp; Tree], 69a LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1319\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCresswell, D. American Revolution in drawings and prints, 371\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips, P. List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress, p. 268. Philips 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 750\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 69\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 187\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 37 and 37a\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 38\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1313. Snyder, M. City of Independence, 46 and Fig. 44\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 158\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 161\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 45\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 155\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExhibited: \"We Are One: Mapping America's Road from Revolution to Independence\" organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, 2015\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1105\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 312\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1022. Wheat \u0026amp; Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 258\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 751 Wooldridge, W. Mapping Virginia, 152 and 152a\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, Kenneth. A Bibliography Of Printed Battle Plans, 40\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCohen \u0026amp; Augustyn. Manhattan in maps, 73-76\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 62\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1047\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1181. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 56\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 150\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePedley, M. S. Bel et utile, 450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhillips, 10316\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 77\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 918 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComparative cartography [Stevens \u0026amp; Tree], 58c\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKershaw, Kenneth. Early printed maps of Canada, vol. 3, no. 599. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1023. Wheat \u0026amp; Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 262\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 828\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution, 12 Wheat \u0026amp; Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 204\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWheat \u0026amp; Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 263\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1160. Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A bibliography of printed battle plans, 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1070\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComparative cartography [Stevens \u0026amp; Tree], 45b. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1056 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 101\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStevens \u0026amp; Tree. Comparative cartography, 47b\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in Drawings and Prints, 357\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 14\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7363; Wheat \u0026amp; Brun 320; Shadwell, American Printmaking no. 22; Sabin 5955\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Literature references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related materials","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related References","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related references","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 902. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 24","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 800.. McCorkle, B. New England in early printed maps, 755.19. Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 33e","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 933. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 22","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1013. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 35","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 29","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 146.","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 14c. Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A bibliography of printed battle plans, 64","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 24a. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 47","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1146. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 108","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 813. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 6","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1471. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 189. Exhibited: \"We Are One: Mapping America's Road from Revolution to Independence\" organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, 2015","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 752","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 44","Richard B. Arkway Inc., 21 December 1993.","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1096. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 110. Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 43a","LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 1517","LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 1500","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 754","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 790","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 93. Phillips. List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress, p. 188","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1052. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 123","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 89","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1180 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 53","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 21a. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1196 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 55","Cresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in Drawings and Prints, 264","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1149. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 112","McCorkle, B. New England in early printed maps, 778.16","Stephenson, R.W. Table for identifying variant editions and impressions of John Mitchell's map of the British and French dominions in North America. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 39","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1023","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 195","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 41e. LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 1144 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 107","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 186","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, 45","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1983","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45.","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45.","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45","Cumming, W. British maps of colonial America, p. 45","Initially inventoried with [2023-SC-008-053] 'Plan of the Situation of the American and British Armies'.","LC Maps and charts of North America and the West Indies 1750-1789, 149. McCorkle, B. B. New England in early printed maps, 777.3","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 923. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 18","LC Maps of North America, 870. McCorkle, Barbara. New England in early printed maps, N761.1. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and Charts published in America before 1800 (2nd ed.), 181","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1003 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 34","Phillips, 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 165","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 101","Wheat, C. Mapping the Transmississippi West, v.1 194","Guthorn, P. American maps and mapmakers, 11(15). Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 94","BM maps, XIV, column 605. Phillips, 595","Deak, G. Picturing New York, 115","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 192 and 192a","Cresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in drawings and prints, 477","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 88","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 52","De Vorsey, L. Gulf Stream on eighteenth century maps and charts, in The Map collector, 15 (1980), 7 De Vorsey, L. Pioneer charting of the Gulf Stream, in Imago mundi, 28 (1976), 105-120","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 736","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1462. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 193","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1342. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 127","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1327. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 128","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 76. Phillips. Maps of America, p. 786","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 132","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 37a. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1238","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography Of Printed Battle Plans Of The American Revolution 1775-1795, 43","Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts (2nd ed.), 300","Boyd, T. Poor John Fitch, p. 127-128. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 660","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1429 Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 87e","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 5","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 51","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 182","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 129. Phillips. List of Maps of America, p. 299","Nebenzahl, Battle Plans 74. Phillips, MOA 296","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 145","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 873","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 95. Research catalog of maps in the Clements Library, II, p. 284","Deak, G. Picturing New York, 116","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 789","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 153","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 307 Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 66b","Phillips, 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 29. Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 51a","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 932.. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 16","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 69a LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1319","Cresswell, D. American Revolution in drawings and prints, 371","Phillips, P. List of Maps of America in the Library of Congress, p. 268. Philips 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 219","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 750","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 69","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 187","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 37 and 37a","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 38","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1313. Snyder, M. City of Independence, 46 and Fig. 44","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 158","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 161","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 45","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 155","Exhibited: \"We Are One: Mapping America's Road from Revolution to Independence\" organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, 2015","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1105","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 312","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","Phillips. List of maps of America, 269. Phillips, 1196","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1022. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 258","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 751 Wooldridge, W. Mapping Virginia, 152 and 152a","Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A Bibliography Of Printed Battle Plans, 40","Cohen \u0026 Augustyn. Manhattan in maps, 73-76","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 62","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1047","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1181. Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 56","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 150","Pedley, M. S. Bel et utile, 450","Phillips, 10316","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution 1775-1795, 77","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 918 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 28","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 58c","Kershaw, Kenneth. Early printed maps of Canada, vol. 3, no. 599. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 449","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1023. Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 262","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 828","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans of the American Revolution, 12 Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 204","Wheat \u0026 Brun. Maps and charts published in America, 263","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1160. Nebenzahl, Kenneth. A bibliography of printed battle plans, 11","LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1070","Comparative cartography [Stevens \u0026 Tree], 45b. LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 1056 Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 101","Stevens \u0026 Tree. Comparative cartography, 47b","Cresswell, Donald H. The American Revolution in Drawings and Prints, 357","Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 14","7363; Wheat \u0026 Brun 320; Shadwell, American Printmaking no. 22; Sabin 5955","Originally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.","Originally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot.","Originally housed with book The Atlantic Pilot."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains approximately 300 rare printed maps, unique manuscript maps, and published texts collected by Richard H. Brown, which pertain to the American Revolutionary War era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis map and battle plan immortalized what came to be known as the Battle of Bunker Hill. The alphabetic key identifies British regiments and ships and narrates their actions. The plan also shows earthworks held by the Colonial troops. This detailed plan was published in London only five days after news of the battle itself reached England. Given the haste with which it was prepared, its geographic vagueness in the rendering of Charlestown is less surprising than its overall accuracy and detail.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nRelief shown by hachures. Indexed for points of military interest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis large, detailed map of New England was compiled by Braddock Mead (alias John Green), and first published by Thomas Jefferys in 1755. Green was an Irish translator, geographer, and editor, as well as one of the most talented British map-makers at mid-century. The map was re-published at the outset of the American Revolution, as it remained the most accurate and detailed survey of New England. Of interest are engraved double lines found beneath certain place-names, including Boston. These lines indicate cities whose longitude had been calculated with the aid of the newly invented marine chronometer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePage, an English military engineer who served as aide de campe to General Howe during the action, prepared this detailed plan of the Battle of Bunker Hill. It is the best known and most commonly reproduced plan of the battle. Warrens redoubt, fences, and hedgerows are shown in great detail, as well as the lines of march of attacking forces, British ships, and the Corps Hill battery with lines of fire. The position of British troops late in the action is depicted on a separate overlay which accompanies the map.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Note: The operations of the column under the command of His Excellency Lieutenant General Knyphausen is engraved from a plan drawn on the spot by S. W. Werner, Leiutt. of Hessian Artillery.\" Includes \"references to the column under the command of Lt. Genl. Earl Cornwallis\" and \"references to the column under the command of His Excellency Lieutt. Genl. Knyphausen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes indexes of propietors of land in South Carolina and Georgia. Decorative title cartouche depicting vegetation, manufactured products, and workers. \"To the Right Honourable George Dunk, Earl of Halifax ...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows rural householders' names. \"Publish'd according to Act of Parliament, May the 1st, 1770, by S. Hooper, No. 25 Ludgate Hill, London.\" Decorative dedication cartouche includes royal coat of arms, a native, and animals. \"To His most Excellent Majesty George the IIId ... this map is most humbly dedicated by ... John Collet.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows the 13 states, Louisiana, and parts of Canada and Florida. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridian: London. Decorative title cartouche.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes descriptive and historical notes. Translation of Thomas Hutchins' New map of the western part of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina, 1778.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows \"Genl. Howe's track\" from Elk River to Philadelphia, \"Genl. Washington's track,\" and \"Grand American Winter Camp, Jan. 1778\" at Valley Forge. Shows most of New Jersey and parts of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. BPL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Includes \"References to the fortifications \u0026amp; ca.\" and \"References to the town.\" An earlier state of LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 933 and Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 22.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows operations and ship names. Inset: Plan of the fort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts a battle between the Americans and two British vessels, at the begining of the New York campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original wash drawing displayed here was executed by marine painter Pierre Ozanne in 1778. This work was produced during the French naval campaign in America by Ozanne who witnessed the action at the entrance of the Delaware River on July 8, 1778. This battle is considered as the first naval event between the French and the English fleet of that campaign on the American coast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWash drawing on paper. View of six ships in the Delaware River, five under the command of Comte d'Estaing. Manuscript note pasted on reads \"Campagne du Vice-Admirale d'Esteing an Amerique, commandant une escadre de 12 vaisseaux et 4 frégattes, sortie de toulon le 13 Avril 1778.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDisplayed here is the third state of the \"Carte des Pays...de Canada,\" published by Jean Baptiste Fortin who had acquired the stock of the Vaugondy firm. This map is one of the first to recognize the name of the newly formed United States, \"Etats Unis,\" as seen by the inclusion of the phrase in the title cartouche. The map is closely related to J.B. Eliot's \"Carte du Theatre de la Guerre Actuel Entre les Anglais et les Treize Colonies Unies de l'Amerique Septentrionale ...\" Eliot also uses the phrase \"Etats Unis\" in his map, referring to his title of U.S. Engineer under his name. Both Fortin and Eliot published their maps in 1778.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCovers Canada east of Lake Superior and south of James Bay; covers U.S. north of Albemarle Bay (N.C.). Relief shown pictorially. Meridians numbered eastward from unspecified prime (Montréal at E 305°). Believed to be the earliest map to use the name United States of America (in any language). Inset: Supplément pour l'Isle de Terre-Neuve.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst English edition, 3rd impression. Includes text and inset \"A new map of Hudson's Bay and Labrador from the late survey of those coasts.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows fortifications, troop locations, and ships on the York River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows information to Sept. 3, 1776. Below map: \"An account of the proceedings of His Majesty's forces at the attack of the rebel works on Long Island, on the 27th of August, 1776 : taken from Gen. Howe's letter to Lord George Germaine, principal Secretary of State for the American Department.\" State 5 of the map, with Fort Lee or Ft. Constitution added and Younkers unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTitle from sheets 1 and 2. All sheets individually titled. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows Carib lands, parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, and topography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows divisions, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows parishes, cities, settlements, roads, churches, windmills, \"cattle mills,\" bays, anchorages, shoals and topography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows harbors, settlements and topography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows parishes, towns, settlements, roads, rivers, bays, anchorages, shoals and topography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows harbors, towns, shoals, anchorages, and topography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCovers Grand Turk Island, Salt Cay, and smaller islands in the vicinity. Shows topography and shoals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows plantations, roads, settlements, anchorages, shoals and topography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows parishes, towns, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheet three of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheet five of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes.Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheet six of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheet four of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHighlighted on this fine topographic map of Boston and vicinity are the British and American troops. The American troops are colored red -- the first corps in Cambridge, the second corps opposite Charlestown neck, and the third corps near Roxbury. Among the many strategic topographic features so excellently rendered on this map is Dorchester Heights, which appears devoid of British defensive forces. This serious tactical error was ultimately recognized by General Washington, who occupied the Heights and forced the British to withdraw from the city on March 17, 1776. A note on the map reveals that it is based on an original plan of the siege drawn by order of the British government. Interestingly, the British fortifications on Boston Neck and Castle William Island are greatly exaggerated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCampaign headquarters map showing military features and events in the New York area from June to November 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis general map of the Americas, produced in Paris in 1788, depicts the political divisions in North America just after the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783. The Treaty effectively ended the American Revolutionary War. The United States is comprised of land east of the Mississippi River, while Great Britain controls Canada and Spain controls Louisiana, Mexico, Florida and western North America. Also depicted is a large inset of the Canadian Arctic, and another two insets of Caribbean islands, in addition to an elaborately illustrated cartouche.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMap of the Americas designed to show the political divisions in North America immediately following the Treaty of Paris. Relief shown pictorially. Insets: Supplement pour le Nord de L'Amerique ; Isle de la Martinique ; Isle St. Domingue. Elaborate cartouche in lower left.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichel Capitaine du Chesnoy, the Marquis de Lafayette's map maker, drew this map following the Battle of Monmouth Court House in northeastern New Jersey. After confusion surrounding the Continental Army's orders, the soldiers prevented the British troops from advancing. The battle occurred on a hot June day and hundreds of soldiers died of heatstroke. Women, who came to be referred to collectively as \"Molly Pitcher,\" supported the American troops by bringing water to cool the men and their guns. Although the battle ended inconclusively, it was a turning point for the professionalization of the American army as volunteer French and German military officers provided training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis rare map was issued just months after Cornwallis' defeat in Yorktown, Va. The copy displayed here, complete with inset plan of the battle of Yorktown and an elaborate cartouche, is the second state of the map. An additional inset in the lower right depicts the colonies from Massachusetts to Delaware, and illustrates the geography upon which Washington and Rochambeau's armies marched on the way to Yorktown. This map conveys the importance of France's assistance to the Americans during the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman woodcut of the siege of Charleston, South Carolina in May 1780. The depiction of Charleston is imaginary. Donnhaeuser lacked a view of Charleston so he modified a pre-existing view of an unidentified German city to show the siege. Text describing the siege on verso, titled Nachricht von der belagerung und einnahme der stadt und hafens Charlestown in America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the preferred routes that captains and navigators sailing from America to England learned to use was the Gulf Stream, a strong, warm current that flows north along the Atlantic coast and then east toward Europe. Initially charted by Benjamin Franklin in 1768, this discovery helped ships minimize travel time across the ocean, speeding up the transatlantic voyage for travelers, merchants, and goods. Franklin purchased this 1785 chart, a French adaptation of his original findings, when he served in Paris as a diplomat for the United States during the early years of the republic\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDisplayed here is the second state of J.B. Eliot's map of the newly formed republic, produced in 1778. This map closely resembles Louis Brion de la Tour's \"Carte du théatre de la guerre entre les Anglais et les Américans\" in appearance. Eliot's map is one of the first to recognize the name of the newly formed United States, \"Etats Unis,\" as seen by the inclusion of the phrase in the title cartouche, referring to Eliot's title of U.S. Engineer under his name. In this regard, Eliot's map is related to another map recognizing the newly named United States, namely Vaugondy's \"Carte du Canada et des Etats-Unis de l'Amérique Septentrionale.\" Both maps were published in 1778, and both incorporate the phrase \"Etats Unis\" in their title cartouches, however, it is unclear which map was actually produced first.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBernard Ratzer, a Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, prepared a survey of New Jersey in 1769 to assist the Boundary Commission in settling a long standing boundary dispute between the states of New York and New Jersey. London mapmaker William Faden published Ratzer's survey as a finished map in 1777 in his North American Atlas. Published during the American Revolution, the map depicts the area known to George Washington before the Battle of Monmouth, and shows the fortification at Valley Forge. Despite having several errors of location, the map is finely executed, and contains an elaborate cartouche of a farmhouse with landscape in the upper left corner. Displayed here is the first English edition of the map. A French derivative of this map by Georges-Louis LeRouge may be viewed online at: http://maps.bpl.org/id/rb15252.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis rare and unique map was produced by inventor and amateur mapmaker John Fitch, in an attempt to raise funds to support his newly invented steamboat. Fitch made and engraved the map himself, and printed it in Philadelphia on a cider press. Unfortunately for Fitch, the map never sold well, and the geography displayed on the map was well out-of-date by the time the Old Northwest was settled after being released from British and Native American control.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript view from Boston looking southeast towards Dorchester and Castle Island. Shows British soldiers and parts of the encampment and town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePencil manuscript view of the Charles River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour views of the siege of Gibraltar. Includes \"La premiere representation de les X batteries flottantes\" ; \"Seconde representation des batteries flottantes\" ; \"Se general elliot recu les vivres et munitions de l'angleterre\" ; \"Prospect der IV blate von Gibraltar\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe map depicts the opening of the British Southern offensive of 1778.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis rare map of New Hampshire was prepared from surveys by Samuel Holland - famed engineer who entered British service during the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The map depicts New Hampshire in great detail, illustrating rivers, streams, lakes, elevations, township boundaries, roads, and structures. Two great arcs delineate the boundary of a parcel known as \"Mason's Curve.\" The parcel, owned by John Mason (1586-1635), was originally located between the Merrimack and Kennebeck Rivers, however in 1748 was sold by one of Mason's descendants to twelve investors from Portsmouth. It is believed these investors commissioned the surveys in 1768-69 to more accurately locate the boundary of the landholding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject: ships on the Saint Lawrence River with a rowboats full of troops disembarking below cliffs; battle in progress on heights above river.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor manuscript map by Kosciuszko showing encampments and military positions in the battles of Saratoga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColored manuscript map of the 1758 siege of Louisbourg showing ships, troop positions, camps and batteries. Includes references to points of interest, notes and description of the English fleet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColored manuscript map of the 1758 siege of Louisbourg showing ships, troop positions, and batteries. Includes references to points of interest. Oriented with north to the upper right. Colored manuscript map of Cape Breton Island showing fortifications and batteries. Includes a table listing troop distribution, references to points of interest, and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDisplayed here is the first state of Lattre's plan of Boston. The plan here was also separately issued. Describing Boston in the years before the American Revolutionary war, the plan includes information on shoals, soundings in the harbor, and the surrounding countryside. Lattre was the Royal Engraver to Louis XVI from 1776 to 1782, and is most famous for his \"Carte des Etats-Unis ...,\" also in the Richard H. Brown collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePencil manuscript view of the ruins of Charlestown after the Battle of Bunker Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInk and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 sheets.  Ink and watercolor manuscript map and key. Map shows fortifications and rough features of the peninsula of Boston. Key indicates the order of battle of British troops. The disposition of troops on July 17th, 1775 was possibly intended to be added to the map.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis rare map depicts Long Island, New York City, and the Connecticut coastline north to Stonington Bay. Muller took the geography on this map directly from Thomas Jeffery's 1755 map titled \"A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England ...\" The copy displayed here was most likely issued separately from its original pamphlet, and may have been bound unfolded into a folio composite atlas produced during the American Revolutionary War era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoses Park, a surveyor from Preston, Connecticut, executed this map in 1766 with the assistance of Asa Spaulding of Norwalk and Samuel Mott of Preston. Displayed here is the second state of the map, which differs from the first state in the collection of the Clements Library at the University of Michigan. In this state, an \"e\" has been added to the name of Shelburne, and \"Connecticut R.\" is seen on the bend of the river above Hadham. Other locational changes have been made in this state as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows the boundaries established by the preliminary Treaty of Peace, signed 30 November 1782, and published prior to the signing of the formal Treaty on 3 September 1783. Includes a detailed plan of the Siege of Yorktown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe map displayed here is an unrecorded version of a German broadside known only at the Library of Congress. This state is unique in that it was sold by a different person, and there are differences in the text portion of the broadside. It is a variant state of LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 142.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows the east coast from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence to the Carolinas, and the interior as far west as the Mississippi Valley. Displayed here is the first state of the map, lacking the inset of Fort Frederick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plan displayed here depicts the Siege of Charleston, S.C., conducted by the British forces in early 1780. In February 1780, British General Henry Clinton's army arrived thirty miles south of Charleston, and began their assault on the city, which was protected by an American force commanded by Gen. Benjamin Lincoln. The British took control of the sea, and effectively cut the American off from any support. This plan was produced for Tarleton's memoir \"A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North America.\" The plan was produced on very heavy laid paper, and does not present any folds or pagination. This plan may be a pre-publication proof or a presentation copy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis general map of the Americas was produced by the firm of Vaugondy. Gilles Robert de Vaugondy was the leading French globemaker of the 18th century, and was appointed geographer to Louis XV in 1734. Like \"L'Amerique divise?e en ses principaux Etats\" by Lattre and Bonne from 1788, this map shows the new boundaries of North America as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The newly created United States, along with Spanish lands in the south are clearly delineated. This may be the fourth state of the map, however it is not listed in Pedley's \"Bel et Utile.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShows territorial possessions in North America after the Treaty of Paris. Includes the satirical \"Theodolite's letter to the Botcher's Club in Monmouth Street.\" The open letter appears to praise the treaty and the 3rd Earl of Bute, who worked on the treaty, while actually pointing out the weaknesses of the territory gained. Theodolite, a scientific instrument used in surveying, likely represented Bute, who collected such instruments. Botchers were menders such as tailor and cobblers, and Monmouth Street was known for its second-hand shops. The letter was thus from Bute to those with mercantile interests or low connections as Bute?s peers disapproved of him and the treaty. The true author of the letter was likely Sayer or a colleague with similar political sentiments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDe Brahm concentrated his surveying efforts on the east coast of Florida, from St. Augustine south to the Keys. This chart of the southern tip of east Florida was included in the English edition of The Atlantic Pilot, along with a chart of the Gulf Stream and a map of the ancient Florida peninsula. De Brahm's meticulous hydrographic survey work is evident in this chart, with its numerous soundings, outlines of shoals, and inclusion of anchoring places. These surveys were eventually used by Des Barres, and the information was included on the charts which make up The Atlantic Neptune.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Scope and Contents","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains approximately 300 rare printed maps, unique manuscript maps, and published texts collected by Richard H. Brown, which pertain to the American Revolutionary War era.","This map and battle plan immortalized what came to be known as the Battle of Bunker Hill. The alphabetic key identifies British regiments and ships and narrates their actions. The plan also shows earthworks held by the Colonial troops. This detailed plan was published in London only five days after news of the battle itself reached England. Given the haste with which it was prepared, its geographic vagueness in the rendering of Charlestown is less surprising than its overall accuracy and detail.","\nRelief shown by hachures. Indexed for points of military interest.","This large, detailed map of New England was compiled by Braddock Mead (alias John Green), and first published by Thomas Jefferys in 1755. Green was an Irish translator, geographer, and editor, as well as one of the most talented British map-makers at mid-century. The map was re-published at the outset of the American Revolution, as it remained the most accurate and detailed survey of New England. Of interest are engraved double lines found beneath certain place-names, including Boston. These lines indicate cities whose longitude had been calculated with the aid of the newly invented marine chronometer.","Page, an English military engineer who served as aide de campe to General Howe during the action, prepared this detailed plan of the Battle of Bunker Hill. It is the best known and most commonly reproduced plan of the battle. Warrens redoubt, fences, and hedgerows are shown in great detail, as well as the lines of march of attacking forces, British ships, and the Corps Hill battery with lines of fire. The position of British troops late in the action is depicted on a separate overlay which accompanies the map.","\"Note: The operations of the column under the command of His Excellency Lieutenant General Knyphausen is engraved from a plan drawn on the spot by S. W. Werner, Leiutt. of Hessian Artillery.\" Includes \"references to the column under the command of Lt. Genl. Earl Cornwallis\" and \"references to the column under the command of His Excellency Lieutt. Genl. Knyphausen.\"","Includes indexes of propietors of land in South Carolina and Georgia. Decorative title cartouche depicting vegetation, manufactured products, and workers. \"To the Right Honourable George Dunk, Earl of Halifax ...\"","Shows rural householders' names. \"Publish'd according to Act of Parliament, May the 1st, 1770, by S. Hooper, No. 25 Ludgate Hill, London.\" Decorative dedication cartouche includes royal coat of arms, a native, and animals. \"To His most Excellent Majesty George the IIId ... this map is most humbly dedicated by ... John Collet.\"","Shows the 13 states, Louisiana, and parts of Canada and Florida. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridian: London. Decorative title cartouche.","Includes descriptive and historical notes. Translation of Thomas Hutchins' New map of the western part of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina, 1778.","Shows \"Genl. Howe's track\" from Elk River to Philadelphia, \"Genl. Washington's track,\" and \"Grand American Winter Camp, Jan. 1778\" at Valley Forge. Shows most of New Jersey and parts of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. BPL","\"Includes \"References to the fortifications \u0026 ca.\" and \"References to the town.\" An earlier state of LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 933 and Nebenzahl, K. Bibliography of printed battle plans, 22.","Shows operations and ship names. Inset: Plan of the fort.","Depicts a battle between the Americans and two British vessels, at the begining of the New York campaign.","The original wash drawing displayed here was executed by marine painter Pierre Ozanne in 1778. This work was produced during the French naval campaign in America by Ozanne who witnessed the action at the entrance of the Delaware River on July 8, 1778. This battle is considered as the first naval event between the French and the English fleet of that campaign on the American coast.","Wash drawing on paper. View of six ships in the Delaware River, five under the command of Comte d'Estaing. Manuscript note pasted on reads \"Campagne du Vice-Admirale d'Esteing an Amerique, commandant une escadre de 12 vaisseaux et 4 frégattes, sortie de toulon le 13 Avril 1778.\"","Displayed here is the third state of the \"Carte des Pays...de Canada,\" published by Jean Baptiste Fortin who had acquired the stock of the Vaugondy firm. This map is one of the first to recognize the name of the newly formed United States, \"Etats Unis,\" as seen by the inclusion of the phrase in the title cartouche. The map is closely related to J.B. Eliot's \"Carte du Theatre de la Guerre Actuel Entre les Anglais et les Treize Colonies Unies de l'Amerique Septentrionale ...\" Eliot also uses the phrase \"Etats Unis\" in his map, referring to his title of U.S. Engineer under his name. Both Fortin and Eliot published their maps in 1778.","Covers Canada east of Lake Superior and south of James Bay; covers U.S. north of Albemarle Bay (N.C.). Relief shown pictorially. Meridians numbered eastward from unspecified prime (Montréal at E 305°). Believed to be the earliest map to use the name United States of America (in any language). Inset: Supplément pour l'Isle de Terre-Neuve.","First English edition, 3rd impression. Includes text and inset \"A new map of Hudson's Bay and Labrador from the late survey of those coasts.\"","Shows fortifications, troop locations, and ships on the York River.","Shows information to Sept. 3, 1776. Below map: \"An account of the proceedings of His Majesty's forces at the attack of the rebel works on Long Island, on the 27th of August, 1776 : taken from Gen. Howe's letter to Lord George Germaine, principal Secretary of State for the American Department.\" State 5 of the map, with Fort Lee or Ft. Constitution added and Younkers unlabeled.","Title from sheets 1 and 2. All sheets individually titled. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Shows Carib lands, parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, and topography.","Shows parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals.","Shows divisions, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals","Shows parishes, settlements, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals.","Shows parishes, cities, settlements, roads, churches, windmills, \"cattle mills,\" bays, anchorages, shoals and topography.","Shows harbors, settlements and topography.","Shows parishes, towns, settlements, roads, rivers, bays, anchorages, shoals and topography.","Shows harbors, towns, shoals, anchorages, and topography.","Covers Grand Turk Island, Salt Cay, and smaller islands in the vicinity. Shows topography and shoals.","Shows plantations, roads, settlements, anchorages, shoals and topography.","Shows parishes, towns, bays, anchorages, topography and shoals","Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet three of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet five of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes.Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet six of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Sheet four of Green's A chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with the nearest coasts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Shows nautical exploration routes. Includes text, historical and geographical notes, and tables of comparative astronomical observations.","Highlighted on this fine topographic map of Boston and vicinity are the British and American troops. The American troops are colored red -- the first corps in Cambridge, the second corps opposite Charlestown neck, and the third corps near Roxbury. Among the many strategic topographic features so excellently rendered on this map is Dorchester Heights, which appears devoid of British defensive forces. This serious tactical error was ultimately recognized by General Washington, who occupied the Heights and forced the British to withdraw from the city on March 17, 1776. A note on the map reveals that it is based on an original plan of the siege drawn by order of the British government. Interestingly, the British fortifications on Boston Neck and Castle William Island are greatly exaggerated.","Campaign headquarters map showing military features and events in the New York area from June to November 1776.","This general map of the Americas, produced in Paris in 1788, depicts the political divisions in North America just after the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783. The Treaty effectively ended the American Revolutionary War. The United States is comprised of land east of the Mississippi River, while Great Britain controls Canada and Spain controls Louisiana, Mexico, Florida and western North America. Also depicted is a large inset of the Canadian Arctic, and another two insets of Caribbean islands, in addition to an elaborately illustrated cartouche.","Map of the Americas designed to show the political divisions in North America immediately following the Treaty of Paris. Relief shown pictorially. Insets: Supplement pour le Nord de L'Amerique ; Isle de la Martinique ; Isle St. Domingue. Elaborate cartouche in lower left.","Michel Capitaine du Chesnoy, the Marquis de Lafayette's map maker, drew this map following the Battle of Monmouth Court House in northeastern New Jersey. After confusion surrounding the Continental Army's orders, the soldiers prevented the British troops from advancing. The battle occurred on a hot June day and hundreds of soldiers died of heatstroke. Women, who came to be referred to collectively as \"Molly Pitcher,\" supported the American troops by bringing water to cool the men and their guns. Although the battle ended inconclusively, it was a turning point for the professionalization of the American army as volunteer French and German military officers provided training.","This rare map was issued just months after Cornwallis' defeat in Yorktown, Va. The copy displayed here, complete with inset plan of the battle of Yorktown and an elaborate cartouche, is the second state of the map. An additional inset in the lower right depicts the colonies from Massachusetts to Delaware, and illustrates the geography upon which Washington and Rochambeau's armies marched on the way to Yorktown. This map conveys the importance of France's assistance to the Americans during the War.","German woodcut of the siege of Charleston, South Carolina in May 1780. The depiction of Charleston is imaginary. Donnhaeuser lacked a view of Charleston so he modified a pre-existing view of an unidentified German city to show the siege. Text describing the siege on verso, titled Nachricht von der belagerung und einnahme der stadt und hafens Charlestown in America.","One of the preferred routes that captains and navigators sailing from America to England learned to use was the Gulf Stream, a strong, warm current that flows north along the Atlantic coast and then east toward Europe. Initially charted by Benjamin Franklin in 1768, this discovery helped ships minimize travel time across the ocean, speeding up the transatlantic voyage for travelers, merchants, and goods. Franklin purchased this 1785 chart, a French adaptation of his original findings, when he served in Paris as a diplomat for the United States during the early years of the republic","Displayed here is the second state of J.B. Eliot's map of the newly formed republic, produced in 1778. This map closely resembles Louis Brion de la Tour's \"Carte du théatre de la guerre entre les Anglais et les Américans\" in appearance. Eliot's map is one of the first to recognize the name of the newly formed United States, \"Etats Unis,\" as seen by the inclusion of the phrase in the title cartouche, referring to Eliot's title of U.S. Engineer under his name. In this regard, Eliot's map is related to another map recognizing the newly named United States, namely Vaugondy's \"Carte du Canada et des Etats-Unis de l'Amérique Septentrionale.\" Both maps were published in 1778, and both incorporate the phrase \"Etats Unis\" in their title cartouches, however, it is unclear which map was actually produced first.","Bernard Ratzer, a Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery, prepared a survey of New Jersey in 1769 to assist the Boundary Commission in settling a long standing boundary dispute between the states of New York and New Jersey. London mapmaker William Faden published Ratzer's survey as a finished map in 1777 in his North American Atlas. Published during the American Revolution, the map depicts the area known to George Washington before the Battle of Monmouth, and shows the fortification at Valley Forge. Despite having several errors of location, the map is finely executed, and contains an elaborate cartouche of a farmhouse with landscape in the upper left corner. Displayed here is the first English edition of the map. A French derivative of this map by Georges-Louis LeRouge may be viewed online at: http://maps.bpl.org/id/rb15252.","This rare and unique map was produced by inventor and amateur mapmaker John Fitch, in an attempt to raise funds to support his newly invented steamboat. Fitch made and engraved the map himself, and printed it in Philadelphia on a cider press. Unfortunately for Fitch, the map never sold well, and the geography displayed on the map was well out-of-date by the time the Old Northwest was settled after being released from British and Native American control.","Ink and watercolor manuscript view from Boston looking southeast towards Dorchester and Castle Island. Shows British soldiers and parts of the encampment and town.","Pencil manuscript view of the Charles River.","Four views of the siege of Gibraltar. Includes \"La premiere representation de les X batteries flottantes\" ; \"Seconde representation des batteries flottantes\" ; \"Se general elliot recu les vivres et munitions de l'angleterre\" ; \"Prospect der IV blate von Gibraltar\".","The map depicts the opening of the British Southern offensive of 1778.","This rare map of New Hampshire was prepared from surveys by Samuel Holland - famed engineer who entered British service during the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The map depicts New Hampshire in great detail, illustrating rivers, streams, lakes, elevations, township boundaries, roads, and structures. Two great arcs delineate the boundary of a parcel known as \"Mason's Curve.\" The parcel, owned by John Mason (1586-1635), was originally located between the Merrimack and Kennebeck Rivers, however in 1748 was sold by one of Mason's descendants to twelve investors from Portsmouth. It is believed these investors commissioned the surveys in 1768-69 to more accurately locate the boundary of the landholding.","Subject: ships on the Saint Lawrence River with a rowboats full of troops disembarking below cliffs; battle in progress on heights above river.","Produced for the French Navy, the rare chart displayed here was the best available chart of this region for the time, and was used by all naval forces involved in combat during the American Revolutionary War. The information on this very detailed chart was based primarily on the work of American Anthony Smith, a local Chesapeake Bay pilot of St. Mary's County. The chart was consulted by Admiral de Grasse in his victory over the British off the Chesapeake Capes on September 5, 1781.","Color manuscript map by Kosciuszko showing encampments and military positions in the battles of Saratoga.","Colored manuscript map of the 1758 siege of Louisbourg showing ships, troop positions, camps and batteries. Includes references to points of interest, notes and description of the English fleet.","Colored manuscript map of the 1758 siege of Louisbourg showing ships, troop positions, and batteries. Includes references to points of interest. Oriented with north to the upper right. Colored manuscript map of Cape Breton Island showing fortifications and batteries. Includes a table listing troop distribution, references to points of interest, and notes.","Displayed here is the first state of Lattre's plan of Boston. The plan here was also separately issued. Describing Boston in the years before the American Revolutionary war, the plan includes information on shoals, soundings in the harbor, and the surrounding countryside. Lattre was the Royal Engraver to Louis XVI from 1776 to 1782, and is most famous for his \"Carte des Etats-Unis ...,\" also in the Richard H. Brown collection.","Pencil manuscript view of the ruins of Charlestown after the Battle of Bunker Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","Ink and watercolor manuscript panoramic view depicting the area around Boston during the siege after the Battle of Bunker Hill, as seen from Beacon Hill.","2 sheets.  Ink and watercolor manuscript map and key. Map shows fortifications and rough features of the peninsula of Boston. Key indicates the order of battle of British troops. The disposition of troops on July 17th, 1775 was possibly intended to be added to the map.","This rare map depicts Long Island, New York City, and the Connecticut coastline north to Stonington Bay. Muller took the geography on this map directly from Thomas Jeffery's 1755 map titled \"A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England ...\" The copy displayed here was most likely issued separately from its original pamphlet, and may have been bound unfolded into a folio composite atlas produced during the American Revolutionary War era.","Moses Park, a surveyor from Preston, Connecticut, executed this map in 1766 with the assistance of Asa Spaulding of Norwalk and Samuel Mott of Preston. Displayed here is the second state of the map, which differs from the first state in the collection of the Clements Library at the University of Michigan. In this state, an \"e\" has been added to the name of Shelburne, and \"Connecticut R.\" is seen on the bend of the river above Hadham. Other locational changes have been made in this state as well.","Shows the boundaries established by the preliminary Treaty of Peace, signed 30 November 1782, and published prior to the signing of the formal Treaty on 3 September 1783. Includes a detailed plan of the Siege of Yorktown.","The map displayed here is an unrecorded version of a German broadside known only at the Library of Congress. This state is unique in that it was sold by a different person, and there are differences in the text portion of the broadside. It is a variant state of LC Maps of North America, 1750-1789, 142.","Shows the east coast from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence to the Carolinas, and the interior as far west as the Mississippi Valley. Displayed here is the first state of the map, lacking the inset of Fort Frederick.","The plan displayed here depicts the Siege of Charleston, S.C., conducted by the British forces in early 1780. In February 1780, British General Henry Clinton's army arrived thirty miles south of Charleston, and began their assault on the city, which was protected by an American force commanded by Gen. Benjamin Lincoln. The British took control of the sea, and effectively cut the American off from any support. This plan was produced for Tarleton's memoir \"A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North America.\" The plan was produced on very heavy laid paper, and does not present any folds or pagination. This plan may be a pre-publication proof or a presentation copy.","This general map of the Americas was produced by the firm of Vaugondy. Gilles Robert de Vaugondy was the leading French globemaker of the 18th century, and was appointed geographer to Louis XV in 1734. Like \"L'Amerique divise?e en ses principaux Etats\" by Lattre and Bonne from 1788, this map shows the new boundaries of North America as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The newly created United States, along with Spanish lands in the south are clearly delineated. This may be the fourth state of the map, however it is not listed in Pedley's \"Bel et Utile.\"","Shows territorial possessions in North America after the Treaty of Paris. Includes the satirical \"Theodolite's letter to the Botcher's Club in Monmouth Street.\" The open letter appears to praise the treaty and the 3rd Earl of Bute, who worked on the treaty, while actually pointing out the weaknesses of the territory gained. Theodolite, a scientific instrument used in surveying, likely represented Bute, who collected such instruments. Botchers were menders such as tailor and cobblers, and Monmouth Street was known for its second-hand shops. The letter was thus from Bute to those with mercantile interests or low connections as Bute?s peers disapproved of him and the treaty. The true author of the letter was likely Sayer or a colleague with similar political sentiments.","De Brahm concentrated his surveying efforts on the east coast of Florida, from St. Augustine south to the Keys. This chart of the southern tip of east Florida was included in the English edition of The Atlantic Pilot, along with a chart of the Gulf Stream and a map of the ancient Florida peninsula. De Brahm's meticulous hydrographic survey work is evident in this chart, with its numerous soundings, outlines of shoals, and inclusion of anchoring places. These surveys were eventually used by Des Barres, and the information was included on the charts which make up The Atlantic Neptune."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Jefferys \u0026 Faden  (London, England)","Robert Sayer and John Bennett (Firm)","Covens et Mortier et Covens, junior","Iaegernsche Buchhandlung","Rocque (M. A.) (Firm)","Mondhare (Firm)","Esnauts et Rapilly","American Philosophical Society","Iagernschen Buchhandlung","Kaiserlich Franciscische Akademie der Freien Künste und Wissenschaften","Homann Erben (Firm)","France. Ingénieurs de l'Armée","Hôtel de Soubise (Paris, France)","Basset (Firm)","Society of Anti-Gallicans","Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)","Jefferys, Thomas, -1771","Green, John, -1757","Page, Thomas Hyde, Sir, 1746-1821","Blaskowitz, Charles","Montrésor, John, 1736-1799","Hills, John, active 1777-1819","Holland, Samuel, 1728-1801","Bauman, Sebastian","Blamey, Jacob","Werner, S. W.","Barber, J.","Hawkes, W.","De Brahm, John Gerar William, 1717-approximately 1799","Bull, William, 1710-1791","Collet, John (John Abraham)","Bayly, J.","Hooper, S. (Samuel)","Wallis, John, 1714-1793","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Vallancey, Charles (Charles Vallancey), 1721-1812","Klockhoff, H. (Hendrik)","Des Barres, Joseph F. W. (Joseph Frederick Wallet), 1729-1824","Wilkinson, William Cumberland","Serres, Dominic, 1719-1793","Ozanne, Pierre, 1737-1813","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fortin, J. (Jean), 1740-1817","Mitchell, John, 1711-1768","Millar, Andrew, 1705-1768","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Phelipeau, René, active 1748-1784","Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, Marquis, 1738-1805","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de, 1725-1807","Jaeger, Johann Christian","Berndt, Johann Christian, 1748-1812","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Ravell, Anthony, 1675-1727","Delarochette, L. (Louis), 1731-1802","Beaurain, Jean de, 1696-1771","Croisey, P.","Blanchard, Joseph, -1758","Langdon, Samuel, 1723-1797","Townshend, Charles, 1725-1767","Blodget, Samuel, 1724-1807","Bonne, Rigobert, 1727-1794","Lattré, Jean","Bowles, Carington, 1724-1793","Brion de la Tour, Louis, 1743-1803","Desnos, Louis-Charles, 1725-1805","Jaillot, Alexis Hubert, 1632?-1712","Byres, John","Bayly, John Abraham, active 1755-1794","Capitaine du Chesnoy, Michel, 1746-1804","Perrier, active 1760-1824","Bowles, John, 1701-1779","Howdell, Thomas (1747-1771)","Canot, Pierre Charles, 1710-1777","Denis, Louis, 1725-1794","Donnhäuser, Johann David, 1752-1789","Dumas, Mathieu, comte, 1753-1837","Rocque, John, -1762","Durnford, Desmaretz, -1782","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Easburn, Benjamin","André, Peter","Eliot, J. B.","Eynon, R.","Ratzer, Bernard","Bancker, Gerard, 1740-1799","Sauthier, Claude Joseph","Fisher, Thomas, 1741-1810","Smither, James","Fitch, John, 1743-1798","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Gage, Thomas, 1721-1787","Aitken, Robert, 1735-1802","Gascoigne, John","Gerlach, P., Deputy Quarter Master General","Grasse, François Joseph Paul de Grasse, comte de, 1722-1788","Graves, Thomas Graves, 1725?-1802","Williams, Richard, -1776","Will, Johann Martin, 1727-1806","Grevingen, F. de","Maugein, Charles","Rolffsen, F. N., approximately 1719-1802","Zell, J. M.","Bergmiller (Engraver)","Winckler, Jean Benoit","Archibald, Campbell, Lieut. Col. 71st Regt.","Berger, Daniel","Cheevers, T.","Imbert, J. Leopold","Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d', 1697-1782","Kilian, Georg Christoph, 1709-1781","Lodge, John, -1796","Scull, Nicholas, 1686?-1761?","Heap, George, active 1715-1760","Smyth, Hervey, 1734-1811","Benazech, Peter (Peter Paul), 1730?-1798","Sandby, Paul, 1731-1809","Swain, Francis, active 1740-1782","Smith, Anthony, pilot of St. Marys","Stobo, Robert, 1726-1770","Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 1746-1817","Lartigue, Pierre-Jerome, 1729-1772","Rigaudiere, Chevalier","Leach, J.","Lotter, Matthäus Albrecht, 1741-1810","Moithey, Maurille Antoine, 1732-1805","Andrews, Peter, active 1765-1782","Müller, J. C. (Johann Carl)","Orme, Robert, -1781","Moses, Park, active 1766-","Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquis of, 1737-1805","Nolin, Jean Baptiste, 1686-1762","Pingeling, T. A. (Thomas Albrecht), 1727-1803","Ritter, F. C.","Rapin de Thoyras, M. (Paul), 1661-1725","Tindal, N. (Nicholas), 1687-1774","Rhode, Johann Christoph, 1713-1786","Berger, Friedrich Gottlieb, 1713-","Herbert, William","Tarleton, Lieutenant-General (Banastre), 1754-1833","Delamarche, Charles François, 1740-1817","Burgoyne, John, 1722-1792","Halifax, George Montagu-Dunk, Earl of, 1716-1771","Romans, Bernard, 1741?-approximately 1784","Hancock, John, 1737-1793","Andrews, John, 1736-1809","Harris, John, 1756-1846","Braddock, Edward, 1695?-1755","De Foligne, M., Lieutenant du Frigate du Roi","Berthier, Louis-Alexandre, 1753-1815","Harmar, Josiah, 1753-1813","Gibson, J. (John), active 1750-1792"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections at The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","Jefferys \u0026 Faden  (London, England)","Robert Sayer and John Bennett (Firm)","Covens et Mortier et Covens, junior","Iaegernsche Buchhandlung","Rocque (M. A.) (Firm)","Mondhare (Firm)","Esnauts et Rapilly","American Philosophical Society","Iagernschen Buchhandlung","Kaiserlich Franciscische Akademie der Freien Künste und Wissenschaften","Homann Erben (Firm)","France. Ingénieurs de l'Armée","Hôtel de Soubise (Paris, France)","Basset (Firm)","Society of Anti-Gallicans"],"persname_ssim":["Faden, William, 1749-1836","Korn, Christoph Heinrich, 1726-1783","Simcoe, John Graves, 1752-1806","Heiden, Christian Friedrich von der","Keulen, Gerard van (1678-1726)","Jefferys, Thomas, -1771","Green, John, -1757","Page, Thomas Hyde, Sir, 1746-1821","Blaskowitz, Charles","Montrésor, John, 1736-1799","Hills, John, active 1777-1819","Holland, Samuel, 1728-1801","Bauman, Sebastian","Blamey, Jacob","Werner, S. W.","Barber, J.","Hawkes, W.","De Brahm, John Gerar William, 1717-approximately 1799","Bull, William, 1710-1791","Collet, John (John Abraham)","Bayly, J.","Hooper, S. (Samuel)","Wallis, John, 1714-1793","Le Rouge, Georges-Louis","Vallancey, Charles (Charles Vallancey), 1721-1812","Klockhoff, H. (Hendrik)","Des Barres, Joseph F. W. (Joseph Frederick Wallet), 1729-1824","Wilkinson, William Cumberland","Serres, Dominic, 1719-1793","Ozanne, Pierre, 1737-1813","Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766","Fortin, J. (Jean), 1740-1817","Mitchell, John, 1711-1768","Millar, Andrew, 1705-1768","Kitchin, Thomas, 1718-1784","Phelipeau, René, active 1748-1784","Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, Marquis, 1738-1805","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de, 1725-1807","Jaeger, Johann Christian","Berndt, Johann Christian, 1748-1812","Sayer, Robert, 1725-1794","Ravell, Anthony, 1675-1727","Delarochette, L. (Louis), 1731-1802","Beaurain, Jean de, 1696-1771","Croisey, P.","Blanchard, Joseph, -1758","Langdon, Samuel, 1723-1797","Townshend, Charles, 1725-1767","Blodget, Samuel, 1724-1807","Bonne, Rigobert, 1727-1794","Lattré, Jean","Bowles, Carington, 1724-1793","Brion de la Tour, Louis, 1743-1803","Desnos, Louis-Charles, 1725-1805","Jaillot, Alexis Hubert, 1632?-1712","Byres, John","Bayly, John Abraham, active 1755-1794","Capitaine du Chesnoy, Michel, 1746-1804","Perrier, active 1760-1824","Bowles, John, 1701-1779","Howdell, Thomas (1747-1771)","Canot, Pierre Charles, 1710-1777","Denis, Louis, 1725-1794","Donnhäuser, Johann David, 1752-1789","Dumas, Mathieu, comte, 1753-1837","Rocque, John, -1762","Durnford, Desmaretz, -1782","Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790","Easburn, Benjamin","André, Peter","Eliot, J. B.","Eynon, R.","Ratzer, Bernard","Bancker, Gerard, 1740-1799","Sauthier, Claude Joseph","Fisher, Thomas, 1741-1810","Smither, James","Fitch, John, 1743-1798","Fry, Joshua, approximately 1700-1754","Jefferson, Peter, 1708-1757","Gage, Thomas, 1721-1787","Aitken, Robert, 1735-1802","Gascoigne, John","Gerlach, P., Deputy Quarter Master General","Grasse, François Joseph Paul de Grasse, comte de, 1722-1788","Graves, Thomas Graves, 1725?-1802","Williams, Richard, -1776","Will, Johann Martin, 1727-1806","Grevingen, F. de","Maugein, Charles","Rolffsen, F. N., approximately 1719-1802","Zell, J. M.","Bergmiller (Engraver)","Winckler, Jean Benoit","Archibald, Campbell, Lieut. Col. 71st Regt.","Berger, Daniel","Cheevers, T.","Imbert, J. 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