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(library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aa5cca4a7317dcc4f57f41c5184e30db\"\u003eThe Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, is comprised of digitized diary entries and letters from Willis, including documents created during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864-1942, is comprised of digitized diary entries and letters from Willis, including documents created during the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Hiter family","Willis family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hiter family","Willis family","Angelil, MaryMay"],"persname_ssim":["Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Hiter family","Willis family","Willis, Bettie Hiter, 1850-1923","Angelil, MaryMay"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_225"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Blackley family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"text":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHeimwehr\u003c/emph\u003e, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":579,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"text":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHeimwehr\u003c/emph\u003e, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":579,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cem\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/em\u003e. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_636.xml","title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986"],"text":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986","SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636","Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.","Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.","The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of Love Story covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\n      Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\n      Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\n      Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.","Laurie Powers, Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.","Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular Love Story Magazine from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the Love Story advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, Love Story's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to Love Story and other publications, Daisy edited Real Love, Ainslee's Smart Love Stories, The Shadow, Pocket Love, Detective Story Magazine, Romantic Range, and Doc Savage. The publication of Love Story ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except Astounding Stories.","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published Love Story Writer, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to Love Story Writer in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title Love Story Editor. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.","Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.","Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart).","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing Love Story covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in Queen of the Pulps. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings.","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.","Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on Love Story Writier and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document Love Story and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing Queen of the Pulps. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing Love Story covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in The New York Woman, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps.","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, Love Story, and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of Love Story, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).","Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"creators_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Bill and Nora Haagenson, Daisy's neighbors in Port Washington, New York, donated the collection in December 2019. The collection was in the physical custody of Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon's biographer and Staunton, Virginia resident, while she was writing Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine. Powers delivered the collection to Special Collections after the Haagensons signed a deed of gift transferring ownership to JMU."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDiaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eManuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of Love Story covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\n      Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\n      Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\n      Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLaurie Powers, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026amp; Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Laurie Powers, Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026amp; Smith's popular \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaisy began her career at Street \u0026amp; Smith in 1926 as the reader for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and other publications, Daisy edited \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReal Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAinslee's Smart Love Stories\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph\u003eThe Shadow\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePocket Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDetective Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRomantic Range\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDoc Savage\u003c/emph\u003e. The publication of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026amp; Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026amp; Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAstounding Stories\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving Street \u0026amp; Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Editor\u003c/emph\u003e. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026amp; Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEsther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026amp; Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular Love Story Magazine from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the Love Story advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, Love Story's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to Love Story and other publications, Daisy edited Real Love, Ainslee's Smart Love Stories, The Shadow, Pocket Love, Detective Story Magazine, Romantic Range, and Doc Savage. The publication of Love Story ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except Astounding Stories.","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published Love Story Writer, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to Love Story Writer in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title Love Story Editor. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLaurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNon-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart).","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing Love Story covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in Queen of the Pulps. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings.","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStreet \u0026amp; Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writier\u003c/emph\u003e and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026amp; Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf interest are four scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New York Woman\u003c/emph\u003e, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNews items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, and Street \u0026amp; Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on Love Story Writier and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document Love Story and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing Queen of the Pulps. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing Love Story covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in The New York Woman, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps.","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, Love Story, and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of Love Story, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cb7f7f07da2c2707ee74d46d25a929d9\"\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":117,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_636.xml","title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-before March 25, 1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986"],"text":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986","SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636","Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.","Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.","The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of Love Story covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\n      Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\n      Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\n      Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.","Laurie Powers, Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.","Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular Love Story Magazine from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the Love Story advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, Love Story's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to Love Story and other publications, Daisy edited Real Love, Ainslee's Smart Love Stories, The Shadow, Pocket Love, Detective Story Magazine, Romantic Range, and Doc Savage. The publication of Love Story ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except Astounding Stories.","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published Love Story Writer, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to Love Story Writer in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title Love Story Editor. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.","Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.","Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart).","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing Love Story covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in Queen of the Pulps. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings.","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.","Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on Love Story Writier and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document Love Story and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing Queen of the Pulps. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing Love Story covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in The New York Woman, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps.","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, Love Story, and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of Love Story, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).","Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0304","/repositories/4/resources/636"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"creators_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Bill and Nora Haagenson, Daisy's neighbors in Port Washington, New York, donated the collection in December 2019. The collection was in the physical custody of Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon's biographer and Staunton, Virginia resident, while she was writing Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine. Powers delivered the collection to Special Collections after the Haagensons signed a deed of gift transferring ownership to JMU."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women editors -- United States","Women authors","Women publishers -- United States","Romance fiction, American -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["3.64 cubic feet 10 boxes","44.4 Megabytes 6 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Diaries","Photographs","Letters (correspondence)","Notes (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Printed Ephemera","Manuscripts (documents)","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Telephone directories","Negatives (photographs)"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Original audiovisual materials contained in this collection are restricted from access. Reformatted access copies may be available, or media reformatting may be available upon request. Contact research services staff at library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. The digital files can be made available to researchers."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Photocopies of documents acquired by Laurie Powers for the purpose of writing Bacon's biography, many of which were facsimiles of collection material held at other repositories, were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDiaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eManuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series:","Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, is arranged by creator (Daisy Bacon, Jessie Bacon Ford, etc.) and item type (diaries, dream journals, etc.) which generally also follows a chronological arrangement.\n      Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, is arranged chronologically. The scrapbooks of Love Story covers are grouped together which only slightly disrupts the chronological arrangement.\n      Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, is arranged alphabetically according to manuscript title/folder title.\n      Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, is arranged chronologically.\n      Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLaurie Powers, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026amp; Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Laurie Powers, Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine, Jefferson, NC: McFarland \u0026 Company, Inc. Publishers, 2019."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026amp; Smith's popular \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaisy began her career at Street \u0026amp; Smith in 1926 as the reader for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and other publications, Daisy edited \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReal Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAinslee's Smart Love Stories\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph\u003eThe Shadow\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePocket Love\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDetective Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRomantic Range\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDoc Savage\u003c/emph\u003e. The publication of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026amp; Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026amp; Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAstounding Stories\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving Street \u0026amp; Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writer\u003c/emph\u003e in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Editor\u003c/emph\u003e. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026amp; Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEsther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026amp; Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daisy Sarah Bacon (1898-1986) was a writer and editor of Street \u0026 Smith's popular Love Story Magazine from 1928 to 1947. She was born in Union City, Pennsylvania to Jessie Holbrook Bacon (1870-1936) and Elmer Bacon (1864-1900). After her father's death on January 1, 1900, Daisy's mother married George Ford (1858-1907). Their daughter Esther Joa Ford (d. 1989) was born in 1906. Esther was Daisy's lifelong friend, confidante, associate, and colleague. The two frequently referred to each other by their respective surnames – Bacon and Ford. In July 1943, Esther married Clarke Robinson, an opera singer, WWI officer, and writer. For a time, Daisy was involved romantically with Henry Wise Miller, a stockbroker who was married to writer Alice Duer Miller. During much of her adulthood, Daisy battled depression, alcoholism, and made at least two suicide attempts.","Daisy began her career at Street \u0026 Smith in 1926 as the reader for the Love Story advice column. Just a few months later, she started writing short stories for the magazine. Daisy became the magazine's editor in 1928 and worked closely with her half-sister and editorial assistant Esther. At the height of its popularity, Love Story's weekly circulation reportedly reached 600,000. In addition to Love Story and other publications, Daisy edited Real Love, Ainslee's Smart Love Stories, The Shadow, Pocket Love, Detective Story Magazine, Romantic Range, and Doc Savage. The publication of Love Story ceased with its February 1947 issue though Daisy continued to work at Street \u0026 Smith on other pulp titles. Daisy was fired from Street \u0026 Smith in April 1949 when the company ended its publication of all pulp fiction magazines except Astounding Stories.","After leaving Street \u0026 Smith, Daisy moved from Manhattan to Port Washington, New York where she continued to write. In 1954, she published Love Story Writer, an instruction manual on how to write romance stories. After regaining the copyright to Love Story Writer in 1963, Bacon established Gemini Books and republished the book as a paperback under the title Love Story Editor. Her manuscript for \"Love Story Diary,\" a Street \u0026 Smith tell-all was never published and is not extant. Bacon also kept diaries and dream journals, and their contents often alluded to her personal struggles and complicated relationships.","Esther and Daisy's relationship was strained after they were let go from Street \u0026 Smith, but Esther moved in with Daisy after her husband Clarke's death in 1962 and the two became close again. Both Daisy and Esther were cat lovers and were frequently photographed with their feline companions. Daisy Bacon died March 25, 1986 in Port Washington.","Researchers are highly encouraged to review Laurie Powers's biography of Daisy Bacon titled Queen of the Pulps: The Reign of Daisy Bacon and Love Story Magazine (2019) as this biographical note is not intended to serve as a comprehensive account of Daisy Bacon's life and career."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per Laurie Powers, either Daisy Bacon or Daisy's sister Esther gave the Haagensons Bacon's papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, SC 0304, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLaurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNon-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Laurie Powers, Daisy Bacon biographer, was actively referencing and using the materials in this collection prior to its transfer to Special Collections. Powers provided descriptions and date ranges for much of the material in this collection including diaries and journals. Powers also removed loose newspaper clippings, notes, and printed ephemera from diaries and arranged them according to date or subject in plastic sleeves. Said clippings and assorted ephemera have been foldered according to Powers' groupings. Any associated labels were retained and transferred to folders and sub-folders. Exceptions have been made for papers with more discrete research potential than newspaper clippings (e.g. correspondence, Daisy Bacon's cat's pedigree chart).","Plastic covers were removed from three scrapbooks containing Love Story covers.","Non-archival plastic sleeves were removed from personal papers and correspondence.","The groupings of newspaper clippings are foldered and subfoldered according to their groupings when donated.","The three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs containing the June 13, 1941 radio program \"The Writer and Your Life\" were reformatted in-house by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Projects Specialist.","The photograph groupings as arranged by Laurie Powers were largely retained. Exceptions include photographs used for Powers' biography that were separated based solely on their inclusion in Queen of the Pulps. Most of these photographs were interfiled with other groupings.","A portion of the photo negatives are cellulose nitrate, in deteriorating condition, and/or do not have photograph copies. As such, they are likely candidates for future reformatting. The negatives were removed from their paper envelopes and housed in acid-free sleeves in those same groupings. The envelopes are retained as examples of marketing and advertisement for photo development companies."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStreet \u0026amp; Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Street \u0026 Smith Records, Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Writier\u003c/emph\u003e and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026amp; Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf interest are four scrapbooks containing \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe New York Woman\u003c/emph\u003e, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eQueen of the Pulps\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNews items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, and Street \u0026amp; Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story\u003c/emph\u003e, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, scrapbooks, printed ephemera, published and unpublished manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select family members are also represented in this collection and include Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, and Elmer Bacon.","Series 1: Diaries and Journals, 1899-1982, includes diaries kept by Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, and Daisy Bacon. Overall, the diary entries are typical in that they document weather, daily activities, visiting, and  illnesses. Jessie Bacon Ford's 1899 diary is unbound and comprises more than forty pages. In it Jessie writes about daily activities with frequent mentions of Daisy, who was an infant at the time. Jessie's diaries also include periodic mentions of having \"lonely days.\" Daisy chronicles her work on Love Story Writier and also frequently mentions dreams. Evidence of Daisy's alleged suicide attempts and overall mental health can be found in both Esther and Daisy's diary entries. A more detailed analysis of Daisy's mental health is discussed in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps. Apart from her diaries, Daisy also frequently chronicled her dreams and kept several journals in which she summarized them.","Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1903-1976, comprises miscellaneous newspaper clippings, printed ephemera, published articles, and scrapbooks created and collected by Daisy Bacon, her sister Esther, and their mother Jessie. Some of the materials  document Love Story and Daisy's career as editor at Street \u0026 Smith. Many of the clippings were removed from diaries and organized by date and/or subject by Laurie Powers while writing Queen of the Pulps. These groupings were retained and are organized within sub-folders in the larger folders of newspaper clippings. Scrapbooks of a more personal nature include poetry and astrological clippings.","Of interest are four scrapbooks containing Love Story covers between 1939 and 1947. Three lacquer (acetate) phonodiscs contain a radio interview conducted by George Atmond with Daisy Bacon and Clarke Robinson on June 13, 1941 on WNYC, a public radio station in New York City. The scripted interview was part of a series titled \"The Writer and Your Life\" which proclaimed to create a better understanding between the audience and writers. An aluminum phonodisc is also included. It has not been reformatted and there is no corresponding label to indicate the nature of its contents.","Series 3: Manuscripts and Publishing, 1929-1975, comprises manuscript drafts written chiefly by Daisy Bacon, but also include writings and publications created by Clarke Robinson and Jessie Bacon Ford. Additionally, correspondence and documents related to publishing contracts, sales, and copyright are included. Bacon's \"Women Among Men\" was published in The New York Woman, Volume 1, Number 7, October 21, 1936. More detailed summaries of Daisy's manuscripts can be found in Laurie Powers's Queen of the Pulps.","News items, articles, and promotional material relating to Daisy Bacon, Love Story, and Street \u0026 Smith can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 4: Personal Papers and Correspondence, 1857-1975, comprises papers, documents, and personal correspondence largely unrelated to Daisy Bacon's work as the editor of Love Story, though professional matters may be present in the materials in this series. Family papers include Elmer Bacon's divorce certificate with Carrie Thompson Bacon and his marriage certificate with Jessie Holbrook, letters of recommendation for George E. Ford, and a ledger for a mercantile or grocery that Elmer and Jessie Bacon operated in Westfield, New York.","Financial documents including Esther Robinson's check registers and receipts, legal documents concerning real estate, Daisy Bacon's passport, and a Certificate of Pedigree for Daisy's cat \"Collinsdale Janice\" are included.","Series 5: Photographs and Negatives, 1883-before March 25, 1986, primarily include Daisy Bacon, Henry Wise Miller, Esther Joa Ford Robinson, Clarke Robinson, Jessie Holbrook Bacon Ford, Elmer Bacon (post-mortem), and George Ford. Photographs include professional portraits, baby pictures, casual shots, and vacation destinations. Of interest is a photograph of Henry Wise Miller with Eleanor Roosevelt at a June 1940 dinner honoring those who worked for the Finnish Relief Fund. Daisy Bacon and Henry Wise Miller would freqently take photos of each other at the same location in a style described by Laurie Powers as \"twin photographs.\" Several examples of these pairs of photogaphs are included. Additonally, this series includes a group of photographs taken of Daisy Bacon by American photojournalist William Eugene Smith for an October 1942 article for Parade's Weekly. That issue and article can be found in Series 2: Scrapbooks and Ephemera. Daisy Bacon and Esther Joa Ford Robinson were both cat enthusiasts. Many photographs feature the sisters with cats or cats on their own. The photographs are largely undated so in many cases folder date ranges are approximate.","The box of photo negatives have only been minimally reviewed and have not been digitized. A portion of the negatives are represented as photographs within this series. A date range was applied that corresponds to the earliest known photograph of Daisy Bacon (ca. 1899) and Daisy's death date (March 25, 1986)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by the creator(s) and their heirs for materials they have authored or otherwise produced that reside in this collection. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cb7f7f07da2c2707ee74d46d25a929d9\"\u003eThe Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLove Story Magazine\u003c/emph\u003e. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857-before March 25, 1986, comprise the personal and professional papers, diaries, manuscripts, and photographs of Daisy Bacon, longtime editor of Love Story Magazine. The papers of select immediate and extended family members are also included in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes"],"persname_ssim":["Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Belmont Stakes","Bacon, Daisy, 1898-1986","Haagenson, William and Nora","Powers, Laurie (Laurel), 1957-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":117,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_636"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_656#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Garber family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_656#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_656#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_656.xml","title_ssm":["Garber and Logan family papers"],"title_tesim":["Garber and Logan family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949"],"text":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949","SC 0315","/repositories/4/resources/656","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy","Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged according to material type.","John Leonard Logan (1891-1973) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He married Emma (Polly) Catherine Garber (1890-1990) in St. Stephen's Reformed Church in Harrisonburg in 1915. Emma was a telephone operator for several years in the Harrisonburg exchange, while John was in the insurance business in Staunton. They had one son, James (Jack) Hunter Logan (1916-2005). After James was born, they moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where John worked for People's Life Insurance Co. He and Polly moved to Silver Springs, Maryland in 1933. John worked for Peoples Life in Washington D.C. for 45 years.","The collection number was updated in June 2021 from P 0007 to SC 0315 to 1. align with established manuscript collection numbering scheme with SC prefix and 2. renumber all \"photograph\" collections with P prefix. The collection name was updated from Garber-Logan Family Collection to Garber and Logan Family Papers to reflect the collection's creators. The arrangement was also simplified at this time. The series arrangements were eliminated due to the size of the collection. Edits were made to the archival description to better describe the content of the photograph albums.","The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan. The collection includes receipts from local businesses, certificates from World War II, genealogy on the Garber ancestors of James H. Logan including a marriage certificate between John Logan and Emma Garber, and John Logan diaries. The diary entries are brief and document every day from July 1896 to July 1926. Many of the loose photographs and photograph albums are identified. Some copies of photographs are present in more than one album. The photographs are a mix between candid, informal shots and posed, portrait photographs.","In addition to Garber and Logan family members, photograph album 1 includes photographs of Harrisonburg; Silver Lake in Dayton, Virginia; Rawley Springs; Rockingham County Fair sign; Logan family home (309 South High Street, Harrisonburg); Garber family home on Staunton Pike; Main Street, Broadway, Virginia; Washington Monument; and the statue of Confederate General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson at Virginia Military Institute.","Photograph album 2 also includes Garber and Logan family members including an unidentified person in blackface. Events and locations identified include Harrisonburg (band reunion parade, train station); the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg including Ashby Hall (now Harper Allen-Lee Hall); a circus elephant wearing a Friddle's Restaurant banner; the Rockingham County Fair; People's Bank; Rawley Springs; Broadway; Bridgewater; Luray; Elkton; Woodstock vs. Harrisonburg baseball game; Buchanan Springs; Cumberland, Maryland; Hampton, Virginia; and Benwood, West Virginia.","Photograph album 3 contains Garber and Logan family photographs, the bulk of which are unidentified. Other photographs document the Garber \u0026 Tyler Confectionery, Bridgewater, a train derailment, the firemen's convention in Alexandria featuring Harrisonburg Hose Co. 4 Band, Fishersville train station, Orkney Springs, downtown Harrisonburg including the National Bank building, the Rockingham County Fair, the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and Rawley Springs.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Garber family","Logan family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949"],"collection_ssim":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0315","/repositories/4/resources/656"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0315","/repositories/4/resources/656"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Garber family","Logan family"],"creator_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Garber family","Logan family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Jean F. Knight, administrator of James Hunter \"Jack\" Logan's estate in February, 2008. Jack Logan was the only son of John L. and Emma Logan, and was married to Knight's sister Vivian."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged according to material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Leonard Logan (1891-1973) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He married Emma (Polly) Catherine Garber (1890-1990) in St. Stephen's Reformed Church in Harrisonburg in 1915. Emma was a telephone operator for several years in the Harrisonburg exchange, while John was in the insurance business in Staunton. They had one son, James (Jack) Hunter Logan (1916-2005). After James was born, they moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where John worked for People's Life Insurance Co. He and Polly moved to Silver Springs, Maryland in 1933. John worked for Peoples Life in Washington D.C. for 45 years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Leonard Logan (1891-1973) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He married Emma (Polly) Catherine Garber (1890-1990) in St. Stephen's Reformed Church in Harrisonburg in 1915. Emma was a telephone operator for several years in the Harrisonburg exchange, while John was in the insurance business in Staunton. They had one son, James (Jack) Hunter Logan (1916-2005). After James was born, they moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where John worked for People's Life Insurance Co. He and Polly moved to Silver Springs, Maryland in 1933. John worked for Peoples Life in Washington D.C. for 45 years."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, SC 0315, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, SC 0315, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection number was updated in June 2021 from P 0007 to SC 0315 to 1. align with established manuscript collection numbering scheme with SC prefix and 2. renumber all \"photograph\" collections with P prefix. The collection name was updated from Garber-Logan Family Collection to Garber and Logan Family Papers to reflect the collection's creators. The arrangement was also simplified at this time. The series arrangements were eliminated due to the size of the collection. Edits were made to the archival description to better describe the content of the photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection number was updated in June 2021 from P 0007 to SC 0315 to 1. align with established manuscript collection numbering scheme with SC prefix and 2. renumber all \"photograph\" collections with P prefix. The collection name was updated from Garber-Logan Family Collection to Garber and Logan Family Papers to reflect the collection's creators. The arrangement was also simplified at this time. The series arrangements were eliminated due to the size of the collection. Edits were made to the archival description to better describe the content of the photograph albums."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan. The collection includes receipts from local businesses, certificates from World War II, genealogy on the Garber ancestors of James H. Logan including a marriage certificate between John Logan and Emma Garber, and John Logan diaries. The diary entries are brief and document every day from July 1896 to July 1926. Many of the loose photographs and photograph albums are identified. Some copies of photographs are present in more than one album. The photographs are a mix between candid, informal shots and posed, portrait photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Garber and Logan family members, photograph album 1 includes photographs of Harrisonburg; Silver Lake in Dayton, Virginia; Rawley Springs; Rockingham County Fair sign; Logan family home (309 South High Street, Harrisonburg); Garber family home on Staunton Pike; Main Street, Broadway, Virginia; Washington Monument; and the statue of Confederate General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson at Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album 2 also includes Garber and Logan family members including an unidentified person in blackface. Events and locations identified include Harrisonburg (band reunion parade, train station); the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg including Ashby Hall (now Harper Allen-Lee Hall); a circus elephant wearing a Friddle's Restaurant banner; the Rockingham County Fair; People's Bank; Rawley Springs; Broadway; Bridgewater; Luray; Elkton; Woodstock vs. Harrisonburg baseball game; Buchanan Springs; Cumberland, Maryland; Hampton, Virginia; and Benwood, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album 3 contains Garber and Logan family photographs, the bulk of which are unidentified. Other photographs document the Garber \u0026amp; Tyler Confectionery, Bridgewater, a train derailment, the firemen's convention in Alexandria featuring Harrisonburg Hose Co. 4 Band, Fishersville train station, Orkney Springs, downtown Harrisonburg including the National Bank building, the Rockingham County Fair, the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and Rawley Springs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan. The collection includes receipts from local businesses, certificates from World War II, genealogy on the Garber ancestors of James H. Logan including a marriage certificate between John Logan and Emma Garber, and John Logan diaries. The diary entries are brief and document every day from July 1896 to July 1926. Many of the loose photographs and photograph albums are identified. Some copies of photographs are present in more than one album. The photographs are a mix between candid, informal shots and posed, portrait photographs.","In addition to Garber and Logan family members, photograph album 1 includes photographs of Harrisonburg; Silver Lake in Dayton, Virginia; Rawley Springs; Rockingham County Fair sign; Logan family home (309 South High Street, Harrisonburg); Garber family home on Staunton Pike; Main Street, Broadway, Virginia; Washington Monument; and the statue of Confederate General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson at Virginia Military Institute.","Photograph album 2 also includes Garber and Logan family members including an unidentified person in blackface. Events and locations identified include Harrisonburg (band reunion parade, train station); the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg including Ashby Hall (now Harper Allen-Lee Hall); a circus elephant wearing a Friddle's Restaurant banner; the Rockingham County Fair; People's Bank; Rawley Springs; Broadway; Bridgewater; Luray; Elkton; Woodstock vs. Harrisonburg baseball game; Buchanan Springs; Cumberland, Maryland; Hampton, Virginia; and Benwood, West Virginia.","Photograph album 3 contains Garber and Logan family photographs, the bulk of which are unidentified. Other photographs document the Garber \u0026 Tyler Confectionery, Bridgewater, a train derailment, the firemen's convention in Alexandria featuring Harrisonburg Hose Co. 4 Band, Fishersville train station, Orkney Springs, downtown Harrisonburg including the National Bank building, the Rockingham County Fair, the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and Rawley Springs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bc89d8f6963796000023804dab8586a4\"\u003eThe Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Garber family","Logan family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_656","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_656.xml","title_ssm":["Garber and Logan family papers"],"title_tesim":["Garber and Logan family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949"],"text":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949","SC 0315","/repositories/4/resources/656","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy","Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged according to material type.","John Leonard Logan (1891-1973) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He married Emma (Polly) Catherine Garber (1890-1990) in St. Stephen's Reformed Church in Harrisonburg in 1915. Emma was a telephone operator for several years in the Harrisonburg exchange, while John was in the insurance business in Staunton. They had one son, James (Jack) Hunter Logan (1916-2005). After James was born, they moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where John worked for People's Life Insurance Co. He and Polly moved to Silver Springs, Maryland in 1933. John worked for Peoples Life in Washington D.C. for 45 years.","The collection number was updated in June 2021 from P 0007 to SC 0315 to 1. align with established manuscript collection numbering scheme with SC prefix and 2. renumber all \"photograph\" collections with P prefix. The collection name was updated from Garber-Logan Family Collection to Garber and Logan Family Papers to reflect the collection's creators. The arrangement was also simplified at this time. The series arrangements were eliminated due to the size of the collection. Edits were made to the archival description to better describe the content of the photograph albums.","The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan. The collection includes receipts from local businesses, certificates from World War II, genealogy on the Garber ancestors of James H. Logan including a marriage certificate between John Logan and Emma Garber, and John Logan diaries. The diary entries are brief and document every day from July 1896 to July 1926. Many of the loose photographs and photograph albums are identified. Some copies of photographs are present in more than one album. The photographs are a mix between candid, informal shots and posed, portrait photographs.","In addition to Garber and Logan family members, photograph album 1 includes photographs of Harrisonburg; Silver Lake in Dayton, Virginia; Rawley Springs; Rockingham County Fair sign; Logan family home (309 South High Street, Harrisonburg); Garber family home on Staunton Pike; Main Street, Broadway, Virginia; Washington Monument; and the statue of Confederate General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson at Virginia Military Institute.","Photograph album 2 also includes Garber and Logan family members including an unidentified person in blackface. Events and locations identified include Harrisonburg (band reunion parade, train station); the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg including Ashby Hall (now Harper Allen-Lee Hall); a circus elephant wearing a Friddle's Restaurant banner; the Rockingham County Fair; People's Bank; Rawley Springs; Broadway; Bridgewater; Luray; Elkton; Woodstock vs. Harrisonburg baseball game; Buchanan Springs; Cumberland, Maryland; Hampton, Virginia; and Benwood, West Virginia.","Photograph album 3 contains Garber and Logan family photographs, the bulk of which are unidentified. Other photographs document the Garber \u0026 Tyler Confectionery, Bridgewater, a train derailment, the firemen's convention in Alexandria featuring Harrisonburg Hose Co. 4 Band, Fishersville train station, Orkney Springs, downtown Harrisonburg including the National Bank building, the Rockingham County Fair, the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and Rawley Springs.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Garber family","Logan family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949"],"collection_ssim":["Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0315","/repositories/4/resources/656"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0315","/repositories/4/resources/656"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Garber family","Logan family"],"creator_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Garber family","Logan family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by Jean F. Knight, administrator of James Hunter \"Jack\" Logan's estate in February, 2008. Jack Logan was the only son of John L. and Emma Logan, and was married to Knight's sister Vivian."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Diaries","Genealogies (histories)","Military records","Photograph albums","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged according to material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Leonard Logan (1891-1973) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He married Emma (Polly) Catherine Garber (1890-1990) in St. Stephen's Reformed Church in Harrisonburg in 1915. Emma was a telephone operator for several years in the Harrisonburg exchange, while John was in the insurance business in Staunton. They had one son, James (Jack) Hunter Logan (1916-2005). After James was born, they moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where John worked for People's Life Insurance Co. He and Polly moved to Silver Springs, Maryland in 1933. John worked for Peoples Life in Washington D.C. for 45 years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Leonard Logan (1891-1973) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He married Emma (Polly) Catherine Garber (1890-1990) in St. Stephen's Reformed Church in Harrisonburg in 1915. Emma was a telephone operator for several years in the Harrisonburg exchange, while John was in the insurance business in Staunton. They had one son, James (Jack) Hunter Logan (1916-2005). After James was born, they moved to Charlottesville, Virginia where John worked for People's Life Insurance Co. He and Polly moved to Silver Springs, Maryland in 1933. John worked for Peoples Life in Washington D.C. for 45 years."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, SC 0315, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, SC 0315, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection number was updated in June 2021 from P 0007 to SC 0315 to 1. align with established manuscript collection numbering scheme with SC prefix and 2. renumber all \"photograph\" collections with P prefix. The collection name was updated from Garber-Logan Family Collection to Garber and Logan Family Papers to reflect the collection's creators. The arrangement was also simplified at this time. The series arrangements were eliminated due to the size of the collection. Edits were made to the archival description to better describe the content of the photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection number was updated in June 2021 from P 0007 to SC 0315 to 1. align with established manuscript collection numbering scheme with SC prefix and 2. renumber all \"photograph\" collections with P prefix. The collection name was updated from Garber-Logan Family Collection to Garber and Logan Family Papers to reflect the collection's creators. The arrangement was also simplified at this time. The series arrangements were eliminated due to the size of the collection. Edits were made to the archival description to better describe the content of the photograph albums."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan. The collection includes receipts from local businesses, certificates from World War II, genealogy on the Garber ancestors of James H. Logan including a marriage certificate between John Logan and Emma Garber, and John Logan diaries. The diary entries are brief and document every day from July 1896 to July 1926. Many of the loose photographs and photograph albums are identified. Some copies of photographs are present in more than one album. The photographs are a mix between candid, informal shots and posed, portrait photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Garber and Logan family members, photograph album 1 includes photographs of Harrisonburg; Silver Lake in Dayton, Virginia; Rawley Springs; Rockingham County Fair sign; Logan family home (309 South High Street, Harrisonburg); Garber family home on Staunton Pike; Main Street, Broadway, Virginia; Washington Monument; and the statue of Confederate General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson at Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album 2 also includes Garber and Logan family members including an unidentified person in blackface. Events and locations identified include Harrisonburg (band reunion parade, train station); the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg including Ashby Hall (now Harper Allen-Lee Hall); a circus elephant wearing a Friddle's Restaurant banner; the Rockingham County Fair; People's Bank; Rawley Springs; Broadway; Bridgewater; Luray; Elkton; Woodstock vs. Harrisonburg baseball game; Buchanan Springs; Cumberland, Maryland; Hampton, Virginia; and Benwood, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album 3 contains Garber and Logan family photographs, the bulk of which are unidentified. Other photographs document the Garber \u0026amp; Tyler Confectionery, Bridgewater, a train derailment, the firemen's convention in Alexandria featuring Harrisonburg Hose Co. 4 Band, Fishersville train station, Orkney Springs, downtown Harrisonburg including the National Bank building, the Rockingham County Fair, the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and Rawley Springs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan. The collection includes receipts from local businesses, certificates from World War II, genealogy on the Garber ancestors of James H. Logan including a marriage certificate between John Logan and Emma Garber, and John Logan diaries. The diary entries are brief and document every day from July 1896 to July 1926. Many of the loose photographs and photograph albums are identified. Some copies of photographs are present in more than one album. The photographs are a mix between candid, informal shots and posed, portrait photographs.","In addition to Garber and Logan family members, photograph album 1 includes photographs of Harrisonburg; Silver Lake in Dayton, Virginia; Rawley Springs; Rockingham County Fair sign; Logan family home (309 South High Street, Harrisonburg); Garber family home on Staunton Pike; Main Street, Broadway, Virginia; Washington Monument; and the statue of Confederate General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson at Virginia Military Institute.","Photograph album 2 also includes Garber and Logan family members including an unidentified person in blackface. Events and locations identified include Harrisonburg (band reunion parade, train station); the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg including Ashby Hall (now Harper Allen-Lee Hall); a circus elephant wearing a Friddle's Restaurant banner; the Rockingham County Fair; People's Bank; Rawley Springs; Broadway; Bridgewater; Luray; Elkton; Woodstock vs. Harrisonburg baseball game; Buchanan Springs; Cumberland, Maryland; Hampton, Virginia; and Benwood, West Virginia.","Photograph album 3 contains Garber and Logan family photographs, the bulk of which are unidentified. Other photographs document the Garber \u0026 Tyler Confectionery, Bridgewater, a train derailment, the firemen's convention in Alexandria featuring Harrisonburg Hose Co. 4 Band, Fishersville train station, Orkney Springs, downtown Harrisonburg including the National Bank building, the Rockingham County Fair, the campus of the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and Rawley Springs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bc89d8f6963796000023804dab8586a4\"\u003eThe Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Garber and Logan Family Papers, 1846-1949, comprise personal receipts of Joseph Garber, genealogy of the Garber Family, and photographs likely taken by John and Emma Logan."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Garber family","Logan family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Garber family","Logan family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_656"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_727.xml","title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers"],"title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946"],"text":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946","SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History","Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A copy of \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946\n      Personal papers, 1859-1921","George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery (1911).","From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.","George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.","A copy of The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946"],"collection_ssim":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"creators_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans's Summer Americana \u0026 Variety Auction on August 24, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e\nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey\u003c/emph\u003e (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A copy of \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1868-1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1859-1921\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946\n      Personal papers, 1859-1921"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e (1911).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery (1911)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNeese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note is Neese's draft manuscript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNeese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes scanned pages with annotations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible\u003c/emph\u003e with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_90e536cc81fb204e235bb40022fd6115\"\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_727","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_727.xml","title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers"],"title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946"],"text":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946","SC 0355","/repositories/4/resources/727","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","New Market (Va.) -- History","Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A copy of \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946\n      Personal papers, 1859-1921","George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery (1911).","From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.","George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.","A copy of The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George M. Neese papers, 1859/1946"],"collection_ssim":["George M. 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Evans's Summer Americana \u0026 Variety Auction on August 24, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Birds -- Virginia -- New Market","Bird watching -- Virginia -- New Market","Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.83 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Letters (correspondence)","Postcards","Manuscripts (documents)","Drafts (documents)","Research notes","Autograph albums","Direct mail"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. 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Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A copy of \nSketches accompanying the Annual report of the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey (1851) was not retained due to its poor condition. All loose items were removed and incorporated into the collection. Pages with substantive annotations were photocopied and retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1868-1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1859-1921\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Correspondence, 1868-1946\n      Personal papers, 1859-1921"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e (1911).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George M. Neese (1839-1921), son of Michael and Elizabeth Zirkle Neese, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia. As a youth, he attended New Market Academy. During the Civil War, Neese served for three years in the Confederate Army as a gunner in Chew's Battery, Stuart's Horse Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia. He was captured approximately six miles north of Woodstock, Virginia on October 9, 1864. Neese was held as a prisoner at Point Lookout, Maryland for the remainder of the Civil War. After the war ended and he was released, Neese returned to Shenandoah County where he worked as a fresco painter, house painter, and wallpaper hanger for William F. Rupp. Neese also lived with Rupp's family in the Spitzer-Rupp House on Congress Street until his death in 1921. Neese kept diaries about his experience during the Civil War and published them under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery (1911)."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh estate, New Market, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], George M. Neese Papers, SC 0355, 1859-1946, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George M. Neese. Papers, 1859-1921. Accession 13994. Personal papers collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.","Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","New Market Poll Book, 1870 May 26, SC 0356, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNeese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note is Neese's draft manuscript of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThree Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery\u003c/emph\u003e which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNeese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes scanned pages with annotations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddress was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.","Correspondence is primarily letters, postcards, and direct mail addressed to Neese.","Neese's personal papers comprise, among other materials, a handwritten draft manusript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery, post-Civil War diaries, field books documenting bird sightings around New Market, and poetry.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1946, comprises correspondence, postcards, and direct mail sent to George M. Neese and includes letters from business owners, private individuals, family members, and government officials.","Correspondence related to the publication of Neese's Civil War diaries under the title Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery includes letters from John W. Daniel, U.S. Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia, who was assisting Neese with publication. A 1946 letter to Fritz Orebaugh (through whose family the papers descended) requests to compare the original Civil War diaries against the published book to distinguish contemporary notes from additions made after the war. A 1920 letter from Henry Read McIlwaine, Virginia State Librarian, to George Neese concerns Neese's donation of materials including his original Civil War diaries to the Virginia State Library (now Library of Virginia). Correspondence with Neale Publishing as well as a carbon copy of Neese's 1908 publishing contract with them is included.","Correspondence from Neese's family in Memphis, Missouri, specifically the family of Neese's brother Aaron and nephew Jacob, discusses family matters, deaths, and provides general updates.","Correspondence from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Survey acknowledges Neese's submitted notes on the spring migration of birds at New Market.","Correspondence from Theodore Schuster from Brooklyn, New York concerns acquisition of plants, flowers, bulbs, and seeds.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1859-1921, comprises the writings, diaries, ledgers, photographs, and assorted personal papers of George M. Neese. The series also includes several handwritten poems that are unattributed but may have been written by Neese.","Of note is Neese's draft manuscript of Three Years in the Confederate Horse Artillery which was published by Neale Publishing in 1911. The manuscript is largely complete and includes numbered pages 5 through 217 with some unnumbered pages and gaps. The draft covers almost the entirety of the published diary. The draft is written on poor quality scraps of paper including calendar pages and advertisements. The original diaries that served as the basis for Neese's book are held by the Library of Virginia.","Twenty-four diaries and loose diary entries document Neese's daily activities, work conducted as a painter and wallpaper hanger, weather, deaths, and other community news.","Neese kept notebooks documenting bird sightings in New Market. He included the date, species, and number of birds for each sighting.","According to notations on the front page, the address \"In New Market Cemetery\"  was given by Charles Bemis Bliss on the occasion of Memorial Day 1911. It is dated May 28, 1911.","Includes scanned pages with annotations.","Address was given fifty years after the beginning of the Civil War. Discussion of the results of the Civil War from the persective of Massacusetts pastor C.B. Bliss. Invokes Lost Cause narratives."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible\u003c/emph\u003e with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of The People's Pocket Dictionary of the Holy Bible with George Neese's owner's signature was separated from the collection and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_90e536cc81fb204e235bb40022fd6115\"\u003eThe collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises the personal papers, correspondence, diaries, and writings of George M. Neese of New Market, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery"],"persname_ssim":["Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Artillery","Neese, George M. (George Michael), 1839-1921"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_727"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Heatwole family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_431.xml","title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1838/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001"],"text":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001","SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.","The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939\n      Financial Files, 1848-1951\n      Personal Papers, 1838-1969\n      Photographs, 1877-1965\n      Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001","Brunk, Harry Anthony. David Heatwole and His Descendants. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" Daily News-Record, August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J. History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time. New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\" Daily News-Record, December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole, Daily News-Record, September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's David Heatwole and His Descendants (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's The Trumbo Family (1974).","The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a Carte Taride, No. 2 of France, Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers, The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch, and The Soldiers' French Phrase Book.","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.","A copy of the Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3. (1902); Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (Harrisonburg Daily News and The Rockingham Register) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842","English, French, German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001"],"collection_ssim":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_ssim":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"creators_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Heatwole family descendant Donald W. Stewart in June 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restriction"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVarious trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1891-1939\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1848-1951\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1838-1969\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1877-1965\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939\n      Financial Files, 1848-1951\n      Personal Papers, 1838-1969\n      Photographs, 1877-1965\n      Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBrunk, Harry Anthony. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, August 24, 1918.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eHeatwole, Cornelius J. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time\u003c/emph\u003e. New York, 1907.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Land Assessors.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, December 29, 1899.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Leonard Heatwole, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, September 23, 1969.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Brunk, Harry Anthony. David Heatwole and His Descendants. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" Daily News-Record, August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J. History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time. New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\" Daily News-Record, December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole, Daily News-Record, September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHeatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavid F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Trumbo Family\u003c/emph\u003e (1974).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's David Heatwole and His Descendants (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's The Trumbo Family (1974)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGiven that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCarte Taride, No. 2\u003c/emph\u003e of France, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSpeake French: A Book for the Soldiers\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Soldiers' French Phrase Book\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a Carte Taride, No. 2 of France, Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers, The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch, and The Soldiers' French Phrase Book.","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCatalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3\u003c/emph\u003e. (1902); \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCircular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land\u003c/emph\u003e (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of the Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3. (1902); Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (Harrisonburg Daily News and The Rockingham Register) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84cb829f6d925ab2484bbc3c53aa9b80\"\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"famname_ssim":["Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"language_ssim":["English, French, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_431","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_431.xml","title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1838/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001"],"text":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001","SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.","The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939\n      Financial Files, 1848-1951\n      Personal Papers, 1838-1969\n      Photographs, 1877-1965\n      Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001","Brunk, Harry Anthony. David Heatwole and His Descendants. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" Daily News-Record, August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J. History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time. New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\" Daily News-Record, December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole, Daily News-Record, September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.","The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's David Heatwole and His Descendants (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's The Trumbo Family (1974).","The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a Carte Taride, No. 2 of France, Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers, The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch, and The Soldiers' French Phrase Book.","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.","A copy of the Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3. (1902); Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (Harrisonburg Daily News and The Rockingham Register) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842","English, French, German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001"],"collection_ssim":["Heatwole Family Papers, 1838/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0252","/repositories/4/resources/431"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_ssim":["Heatwole family","Stewart, Donald W."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"creators_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Heatwole family descendant Donald W. Stewart in June 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Shoemakers","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Real estate business -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.39 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Newspaper clippings","Diaries","Personal papers","Printed Ephemera","Postcards","Christmas cards","Account books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restriction"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVarious trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal Note"],"appraisal_tesim":["Various trinkets and objects, many presumably related to Leonard Heatwole's service during WWI, were included in the initial donation, but were ultimately returned to the donor due to limited research value."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1891-1939\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1848-1951\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1838-1969\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1877-1965\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series. Series 1 is arranged into sub-series by type and further arranged chronologically. Series 2, 3, and 5 are arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged in the same groupings in which that type of material was received.","Correspondence, 1891-1939\n      Financial Files, 1848-1951\n      Personal Papers, 1838-1969\n      Photographs, 1877-1965\n      Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBrunk, Harry Anthony. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, August 24, 1918.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eHeatwole, Cornelius J. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time\u003c/emph\u003e. New York, 1907.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"The Land Assessors.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, December 29, 1899.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Leonard Heatwole, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, September 23, 1969.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolma'am\u003c/emph\u003e, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Brunk, Harry Anthony. David Heatwole and His Descendants. Harrisonburg, Va.: Park View Press, 1987.","\"Former County Daughter Dies in Cutbank Mon.\" Daily News-Record, August 24, 1918.","Heatwole, Cornelius J. History of the Heatwole Family from the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century to the Present Time. New York, 1907.","\"The Land Assessors.\" Daily News-Record, December 29, 1899.","Obituary for Leonard Heatwole, Daily News-Record, September 23, 1969.","The Schoolma'am, 1912. Harrisonburg (Va.): State Normal and Industrial School for Women."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHeatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavid F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDavid Heatwole and His Descendants\u003c/emph\u003e (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Trumbo Family\u003c/emph\u003e (1974).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Heatwoles represented in this collection descended from David Heatwole (1767-1845) who was the eldest son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (1711-1776). David Heatwole, with his wife Magdalene and young family in tow, left Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century and settled near Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Heatwole family members documented in this collection are fourth and fifth generation descendants of David Heatwole and include Daniel Franklin \"D. F.\" Heatwole (1854-1922) and Sarah \"Sallie\" Margaret Lineweaver Heatwole (1857-1939) and their children Leonard Charles Heatwole (1891-1969), Daniel Rufus Heatwole (1894-1957), Alvin Bruer Heatwole (1888-1983), Elmer David Heatwole (1885-1964), and Ella Catherine Heatwole Jacobson (1883-1918).","Daniel F. Heatwole was an older brother of Cornelius Jacob Heatwole (1868-1939), who was appointed the Head of the Department of Education at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. In 1893, Daniel F. Heatwole was appointed postmaster to Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and in 1899, he was appointed by Judge Grattan to land assessor of the Linville District. He otherwise occupied himself with agricultural pursuits as a farmer.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson graduated from the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg in 1912 with a professional degree. While a student, Ella was a member of the Lee Literary Society and also served as chairwoman of the YWCA's bible study committee. Prior to marrying Anton Nikolai Jacobson on February 7, 1917 and moving to Cutbank, Montana, where her brother Elmer was also a resident, Ella taught school in Rockingham County, Virginia and was a member of the Singers Glen Baptist Church. She died August 21, 1918 in Montana from a complication of diseases. Her body was returned to Virginia in the company of her parents and her brother Elmer. She is buried at Cooks Creek Presbyterian Church Cemetery.","David F. Lineweaver, Sallie Heatwole's father, is also well-documented in this collection. Daniel F. Heatwole, Sallie's husband, acted as the administrator of Lineweaver's estate.","Leonard Heatwole married Nora Ellen Trumbo Heatwole (1894-1987) on June 18, 1925. Leonard served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France during WWI and was the registrar of the Mt. Clinton precinct for 35 years prior to retiring in 1967. Nora was born January 29, 1894 to John Riddle Trumbo and Sarah Fulk Trumbo of Fulks Run, Virginia. The collection descended through this line of the Heatwole family via Leonard and Nora's daughter Madeline Ann Heatwole Stewart (1926-2012) and her husband Donald William Stewart (b. 1920).","A full genealogy of the Heatwole family can be found in Harry Anthony Brunk's David Heatwole and His Descendants (1987). A thorough genealogical study of the Trumbo family is available in \nConrad Feltner's The Trumbo Family (1974)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, SC 0252, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was donated with basic groupings applied to materials (e.g. Trumbo family photographs were grouped together, Ella Heatwole Jacobson materials were grouped together, all postcards were grouped together regardless of recipient). The collection included several full newspaper issues that were collected for family obituaries. Those obituaries were photocopied and the original newspapers discarded. Other miscellaneous non-local newspapers were discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGiven that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElla Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCarte Taride, No. 2\u003c/emph\u003e of France, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSpeake French: A Book for the Soldiers\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Soldiers' French Phrase Book\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842) who moved to Rockingham County, Virginia from Pennsylvania in the late-eighteenth century. The collection documents the Heatwoles of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, account books and ledgers, personal papers, photographs, recipes, and ephemera. The collection also documents branches of the Lineweaver, Fawley, Ritchie, and Bliss families.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1891-1939, is comprised primarily of postcards, Christmas cards, and general correspondence sent to and between Heatwole family members. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed by author.","Given that the bulk of this series is comprised of postcards and Christmas cards, the correspondence is generally chatty and newsy in tone. The contents often relates to family and community news and also includes sentiments of longing for correspondence in return. The postcards themselves portray local and national places of interest (and in some cases international places) as well as holiday imagery. General correspondence is more substantive and includes letters written by Leonard Heatwole to family members while he was serving in WWI.","Daniel F. Heatwole correspondence includes a draft letter to the Honorable Charles Triplett O'Ferrall regarding O'Ferrall's petition to change mail arrangements and an October 5, 1908 letter from Cornelius Heatwole in which \"Corney\" alerts Daniel that \"I made my will before leaving Virginia, and in it, named you as my executor without consulting you about it.\" A letter from an unknown correspondent is included in which the author furnishes Daniel Heatwole with \"some traditional history of our beautiful valley not generally known to the present generation.\"","A folder of correspondence related to Trumbo family genealogy is located in Series 5.","Series 2: Financial Files, 1848-1951, documents the financial dealings of various members of the Heatwole and Lineweaver families. Materials include promissory notes, deeds, tax and general receipts, account books, and checkbook stubs.","The account books and ledgers primarily document David F. Lineweaver and Daniel F. Heatwole's personal and business accounts. An unattributed shoemaker's account book is also included and documents the shoes made and repaired for specific individuals. Names of customers include D. B. Armentrout, B. B. Miller, William Henkle, Tomas H. Showalter, and Jonathan Wampler. David Heatwole (1767-1842), who was the first-born son of Johann Mathias Heatwole (ancestor of the Virginia Heatwole line), learned the shoemaking trade from his uncle Christian Hess of Cootes Store. He went on to construct his own shoemaker's shop near Harrisonburg. While the aforementioned shoemaker's account book post-dates David Heatwole, it is not unlikely that one of his descendants would have also picked up the trade.","Of particular interest are three folders of Transfers of Real Estate for the Central District of Rockingham County, 1884-1909. These transfers do not document the Heatwole family explicitly so it seems likely that a member of the family, perhaps D. F. Heatwole, was acting in some official capacity to facilitate the real estate transfers. These documents describe the two parties involved in the real estate transfer and a brief description of the tract of land with a monetary valuation. D. H. Lee Martz served as the Rockingham County Clerk during this time period. Additionally, materials related to the sale of Heatwole family land adjacent to the Mt. Clinton School to the Rockingham County School Board is included.","Series 3: Personal Papers, 1838-1969, contains legal documents, ephemera, recipes, a diary, school materials related to the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, and military records primarily created and collected by select Heatwole family members.","Ella Heatwole Jacobson's papers include a large selection of play bills for dramatic on-campus productions and other ephemera from her time as a student at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg. Event invitations and a membership invitation to join the Lee Literary Society is also included. A daily schedule, program card, report card, diploma, and 1914 diary are also included. Ella's papers also contain a map and other material related to her time living in Montana.","Daniel F. Heatwole's papers are comprised of his 1893 appointment to postmaster at Sparkling Springs in Rockingham County and a published pamphlet of instructions to land assessors dated 1914.","Leonard Heatwole's papers include documents, blank postcards, and ephemera from his military service abroad during WWI. Some material is in French and German. Published material includes a Carte Taride, No. 2 of France, Speake French: A Book for the Soldiers, The Dauphiné Leave Area: A Historical and Geographical Sketch, and The Soldiers' French Phrase Book.","A ciphering book belonging to a Mary Homan is included. The book includes examples and rules related to liquid and dry measurements and currency. Geographical terms are also defined. Homan's relationship to the Heatwoles is unclear.","Of particular interest is David F. Lineweaver's 1861 medical exemption from serving during the American Civil War.","Unattributed materials include miscellaneous ephemera, undated recipes and newspaper clippings, and an undated and handwritten constitution and by-laws of farmers.","Series 4: Photographs, 1877-1965, primarily documents the Heatwole family of Mt. Clinton and the Trumbo and Fawley families of Fulks Run. The photographs are largely black-and-white with many of the subjects' identities inscribed on the backs of the photos. A selection of real photo postcards are also contained in this series.","The Trumbo family photographs comprise the bulk of the series. They are more candid in nature and depict groups of people and landscape. Brocks Gap and Chimney Rock are prominently featured as is the John Riddle Trumbo homestead. In addition to the Trumbos and Fawleys, the Byrd, Bliss, and Ritchie families are represented in these photographs. Persons depicted include Leonard and Nora Trumbo Heatwole (with her horse Queen), Sarah Ann Fulk Trumbo, Rebecca Fawley, Wayne Fawley, Madeline Heatwole, and John Riddle Trumbo.","The Heatwole family photographs are almost exclusively portraits with a few group and candid photographs. Persons depicted include Ella Heatwole Jacobson (including a copper plate on a wood block), A. B. Heatwole Jr., and Beverly Heatwole Smith.","A small selection of photographs and photocopied photographs is contained within Series 5.","Series 5: Genealogy and Research Files, 1901-2001, is comprised primarily of genealogical materials related to the Heatwoles as well as the Trumbos and Lineweavers. Correspondence between Madeline Heatwole Stewart of Winchester and Alva Trumbo Wood of Harrisonburg documents the Trumbo family tree and includes original and facsimiled photographs. A research file on the West Central School and Mt. Clinton School includes early photographs, newspaper clippings, and anniversary programs related to the schools."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCatalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3\u003c/emph\u003e. (1902); \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCircular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land\u003c/emph\u003e (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily News\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of the Catalogue of the Officers and Students of West Central Academy, Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Eleventh Session, 1901-1902. With Announcements for 1902-3. (1902); Circular of Instructions to Assessors and Assistant Assessors of Land (1914); several ladies' magazines (1842-1858), and two issues of local newspapers (Harrisonburg Daily News and The Rockingham Register) have been removed from the collection and catalogued separately as part of Special Collections rare book collection. A large collection of published books, primarily juvenile literature and educational primers, have also been cataloged separately and added to the Special Collections rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_84cb829f6d925ab2484bbc3c53aa9b80\"\u003eThe Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Heatwole Family Papers, 1838-2001, document descendants of David Heatwole (1767-1842). The collection documents the Virginia Heatwoles, specifically those of Mt. Clinton and Dale Enterprise, as well as the Trumbos of Fulks Run. Materials include correspondence, financial records, personal papers, photographs, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"famname_ssim":["Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.)","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","State Normal and Industrial School for Women (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students -- Social life and customs","Lee Literary Society","Heatwole family","Trumbo family","Heatwole family -- Correspondence","Stewart, Donald W.","Heatwole, David, 1767-1842"],"language_ssim":["English, French, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_431"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_250.xml","title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1891"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1891"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871/1891"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"text":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891","SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250","Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.","United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.","Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.","The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.","The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059.","The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\"","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\"","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\"","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater.","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\"","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\"","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\"","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro].","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened].","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November]","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\"","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\"","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock.","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\"","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\"","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\"","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house]","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\"","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\"","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\"","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\"","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached.","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church].","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\"","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\"","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\"","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\"","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C.","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\"","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\"","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\"","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"creators_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eJuly 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1871: A man was fined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChristmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\"","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\"","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\"","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater.","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\"","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\"","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\"","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro].","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened].","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November]","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\"","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\"","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock.","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\"","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\"","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\"","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house]","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\"","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\"","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\"","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\"","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached.","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church].","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\"","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\"","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\"","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\"","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C.","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\"","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\"","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\"","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8d4b0f6af460a047d246ff4686ce4549\"\u003eThe Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\""],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_250.xml","title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1891"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1891"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871/1891"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"text":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891","SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250","Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.","United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.","Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.","The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.","The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059.","The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\"","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\"","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\"","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater.","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\"","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\"","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\"","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro].","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened].","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November]","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\"","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\"","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock.","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\"","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\"","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\"","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house]","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\"","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\"","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\"","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\"","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached.","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church].","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\"","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\"","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\"","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\"","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C.","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\"","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\"","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\"","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"creators_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eJuly 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1871: A man was fined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChristmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\"","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\"","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\"","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater.","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\"","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\"","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\"","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro].","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened].","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November]","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\"","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\"","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock.","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\"","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\"","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\"","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house]","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\"","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\"","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\"","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\"","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached.","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church].","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\"","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\"","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\"","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\"","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C.","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\"","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\"","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\"","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8d4b0f6af460a047d246ff4686ce4549\"\u003eThe Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\""],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_305.xml","title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1883"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1883"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883"],"text":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883","SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs","Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.","The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.","Wayland, John. Historic Harrisonburg. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282.","Find A Grave. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing. Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A. Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984. Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.","Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.","The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025.","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg.","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The diary dated 1879-1883 was purchased from Green Valley Auctions in January 2002.","The diary dated 1862-1864 was purchased from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War\u003c/emph\u003e (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format"],"altformavail_tesim":["A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. \u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind A Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.\u003c/emph\u003e Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eFirebaugh, Marshall A. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.\u003c/emph\u003e Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John. Historic Harrisonburg. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282.","Find A Grave. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing. Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A. Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984. Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNames of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg.","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02461468b396794f43176481fe9c595f\"\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_305.xml","title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1883"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1883"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883"],"text":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883","SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs","Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.","The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.","Wayland, John. Historic Harrisonburg. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282.","Find A Grave. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing. Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A. Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984. Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.","Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.","The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025.","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg.","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862/1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The diary dated 1879-1883 was purchased from Green Valley Auctions in January 2002.","The diary dated 1862-1864 was purchased from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War\u003c/emph\u003e (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format"],"altformavail_tesim":["A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. \u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind A Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.\u003c/emph\u003e Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eFirebaugh, Marshall A. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.\u003c/emph\u003e Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John. Historic Harrisonburg. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282.","Find A Grave. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing. Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A. Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984. Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNames of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg.","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02461468b396794f43176481fe9c595f\"\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_423#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_423#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_423#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_423.xml","title_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1812-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1812-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1812/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"text":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423","Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Out of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual.","The collections is arranged in five series:","Personal Papers, 1813-1938\n      Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991\n      Ephemera, 1916-1957\n      Genealogical Materials, 1812\n      2018 accessions, 1867-1995","Find a Grave. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.","Find a Grave. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.","\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.","Yount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" Augusta County Historical Bulletin 50 (2014): 155-165.","\"Yount-Stephens.\" The Rockingham Register, September 25, 1891.","Richard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.","Stephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.","Documentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"","According to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.","A large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials.","The materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate.","Given the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs.","The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.","Of particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.","A folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.","A sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.","The wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.","Materials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.","Three military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.","Oversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.","Series 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.","A significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.","A limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.","Series 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.","Series 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.","Spotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.","(Accession 2018-0315)","Inscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"","Includes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School.","The May 16, 1844 issue of The Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley and a copy of A Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God… have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","Stephens family","Yount family","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","Stephens family","Yount family","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stephens family","Yount family"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired in many parts from eBay auctions and directly from the seller, Tim Abbott. Two additions were acquired in 2018 from Black Swan Books and Rolling Hills Antique Mall."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOut of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Out of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in five series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1813-1938\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1857-1931, 1991\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1916-1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogical Materials, 1812\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2018 accessions, 1867-1995\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in five series:","Personal Papers, 1813-1938\n      Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991\n      Ephemera, 1916-1957\n      Genealogical Materials, 1812\n      2018 accessions, 1867-1995"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eYount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAugusta County Historical Bulletin\u003c/emph\u003e 50 (2014): 155-165.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Yount-Stephens.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e, September 25, 1891.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find a Grave. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.","Find a Grave. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.","\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.","Yount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" Augusta County Historical Bulletin 50 (2014): 155-165.","\"Yount-Stephens.\" The Rockingham Register, September 25, 1891."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.","Stephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.","Documentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"","According to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.","A large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance","Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, SC 0251, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, SC 0251, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Given the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Accession 2018-0315)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.","Of particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.","A folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.","A sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.","The wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.","Materials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.","Three military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.","Oversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.","Series 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.","A significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.","A limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.","Series 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.","Series 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.","Spotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.","(Accession 2018-0315)","Inscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"","Includes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe May 16, 1844 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e and a copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God…\u003c/emph\u003e have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The May 16, 1844 issue of The Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley and a copy of A Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God… have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba57889d7ff83f0fcf341190658eb73b\"\u003eThe Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"famname_ssim":["Stephens family","Yount family"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":87,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_423.xml","title_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1812-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1812-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1812/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"text":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423","Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Out of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual.","The collections is arranged in five series:","Personal Papers, 1813-1938\n      Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991\n      Ephemera, 1916-1957\n      Genealogical Materials, 1812\n      2018 accessions, 1867-1995","Find a Grave. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.","Find a Grave. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.","\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.","Yount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" Augusta County Historical Bulletin 50 (2014): 155-165.","\"Yount-Stephens.\" The Rockingham Register, September 25, 1891.","Richard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.","Stephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.","Documentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"","According to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.","A large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials.","The materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate.","Given the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs.","The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.","Of particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.","A folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.","A sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.","The wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.","Materials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.","Three military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.","Oversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.","Series 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.","A significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.","A limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.","Series 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.","Series 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.","Spotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.","(Accession 2018-0315)","Inscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"","Includes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School.","The May 16, 1844 issue of The Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley and a copy of A Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God… have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","Stephens family","Yount family","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","Stephens family","Yount family","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stephens family","Yount family"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired in many parts from eBay auctions and directly from the seller, Tim Abbott. Two additions were acquired in 2018 from Black Swan Books and Rolling Hills Antique Mall."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOut of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Out of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in five series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1813-1938\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1857-1931, 1991\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1916-1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogical Materials, 1812\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2018 accessions, 1867-1995\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in five series:","Personal Papers, 1813-1938\n      Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991\n      Ephemera, 1916-1957\n      Genealogical Materials, 1812\n      2018 accessions, 1867-1995"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eYount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAugusta County Historical Bulletin\u003c/emph\u003e 50 (2014): 155-165.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Yount-Stephens.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e, September 25, 1891.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find a Grave. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.","Find a Grave. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.","\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.","Yount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" Augusta County Historical Bulletin 50 (2014): 155-165.","\"Yount-Stephens.\" The Rockingham Register, September 25, 1891."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.","Stephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.","Documentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"","According to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.","A large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance","Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, SC 0251, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, SC 0251, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Given the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Accession 2018-0315)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.","Of particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.","A folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.","A sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.","The wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.","Materials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.","Three military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.","Oversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.","Series 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.","A significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.","A limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.","Series 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.","Series 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.","Spotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.","(Accession 2018-0315)","Inscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"","Includes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe May 16, 1844 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e and a copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God…\u003c/emph\u003e have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The May 16, 1844 issue of The Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley and a copy of A Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God… have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba57889d7ff83f0fcf341190658eb73b\"\u003eThe Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"famname_ssim":["Stephens family","Yount family"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":87,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_423"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thompson family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_419.xml","title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1869-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1869-1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1869/1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944"],"text":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944","SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944\n      Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\n      Ephemera, 1872, 1907","Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, Rockingham Daily Record, January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson, Daily News-Record, November 26, 1997.","Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.","These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.","The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.","Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 Harrisonburg Daily Times.","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the Harrisonburg Daily Times.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944"],"collection_ssim":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at Jeffrey S. Evans' August 26, 2017 Summer Variety Auction (lot 286)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1869-1873, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1872, 1907\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944\n      Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\n      Ephemera, 1872, 1907"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Daily Record\u003c/emph\u003e, January 2, 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Mary A. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, November 26, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, Rockingham Daily Record, January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson, Daily News-Record, November 26, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/manuscripts/thompson.aspx\"\u003eMary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 Harrisonburg Daily Times.","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the Harrisonburg Daily Times."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f2b73b34176727a2dd542f2352fdc28\"\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_419.xml","title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1869-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1869-1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1869/1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944"],"text":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944","SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944\n      Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\n      Ephemera, 1872, 1907","Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, Rockingham Daily Record, January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson, Daily News-Record, November 26, 1997.","Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.","These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.","The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.","Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 Harrisonburg Daily Times.","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the Harrisonburg Daily Times.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944"],"collection_ssim":["Thompson Family Papers, 1869/1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at Jeffrey S. Evans' August 26, 2017 Summer Variety Auction (lot 286)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1869-1873, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1872, 1907\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944\n      Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\n      Ephemera, 1872, 1907"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Daily Record\u003c/emph\u003e, January 2, 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Mary A. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, November 26, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, Rockingham Daily Record, January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson, Daily News-Record, November 26, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/manuscripts/thompson.aspx\"\u003eMary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 Harrisonburg Daily Times.","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the Harrisonburg Daily Times."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f2b73b34176727a2dd542f2352fdc28\"\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":10},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942","value":"Bettie Hiter Willis Papers, 1864/1942","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bettie+Hiter+Willis+Papers%2C+1864%2F1942\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","value":"Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Blackley+Family+papers%2C+1830%2F2020\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986","value":"Daisy Bacon Papers, 1857/1986","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Daisy+Bacon+Papers%2C+1857%2F1986\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949","value":"Garber and Logan family papers, 1846/1949","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Garber+and+Logan+family+papers%2C+1846%2F1949\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George M. 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