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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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Includes correspondence of his wife Estelle (Dinwiddie) Morton, land grants, 1756 and 1774, signed by Robert Dinwiddie and Lord Dunmore, Confederate currency and bonds, genealogical materials on the Watkins and Morton families and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9240#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9240.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Morton, Richard Lee, Papers","title_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard Lee Morton papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1756-2006","1930-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1756-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1930-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"text":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Athletics--Football--Scandal of 1951","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Curriculum--History","Football--Virginia--Williamsburg","Genealogy","Legal documents","Slavery--Virginia--History","United States--History--Prohibition","Class materials","Correspondence","Diaries","Minutes","Photographs","Publications","Reports","Speeches","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/90_M84_Morton__Richard_Lee.pdf","Manuscripts and Archives collection combined in June 2012 by Benjamin Bromley.","Papers, chiefly 1930-1969, of Richard Lee Morton, professor of history at the College of William and Mary from 1919 to 1959. Series 1 includes personal and professional correspondence, lectures and notes relating to his research on Virginia history, and material relating to his community activities in Williamsburg, Va. Includes correspondence of his wife Estelle (Dinwiddie) Morton, land grants, 1756 and 1774, signed by Robert Dinwiddie and Lord Dunmore, Confederate currency and bonds, genealogical materials on the Watkins and Morton families and photographs.","Series 2 includes Morton's notes and correspondence about the 1951 football scandal; clippings about the Omohundro Institute of Early American History \u0026 Culture; correspondence with Lyon G. Tyler and others; Board meeting minutes of the Colonial Williamsburg Advisory Committee of Historians and the OIEAHC; reports on the William and Mary Quarterly.","Series 3 includes additions to the collection, which are made on an ongoing basis.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of History","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture","Morton family","Morton, Richard Lee, 1889-1974","Morton, Estelle","Dinwiddie, Robert, 1693-1770","Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Morton, Richard Lee, 1889-1974","Morton family","Morton, Estelle","College of William and Mary. 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Dept. of History","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture","Morton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts and purchase, 1977-2000. 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Series 1 includes personal and professional correspondence, lectures and notes relating to his research on Virginia history, and material relating to his community activities in Williamsburg, Va. Includes correspondence of his wife Estelle (Dinwiddie) Morton, land grants, 1756 and 1774, signed by Robert Dinwiddie and Lord Dunmore, Confederate currency and bonds, genealogical materials on the Watkins and Morton families and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2 includes Morton's notes and correspondence about the 1951 football scandal; clippings about the Omohundro Institute of Early American History \u0026amp; Culture; correspondence with Lyon G. 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Tyler and others; Board meeting minutes of the Colonial Williamsburg Advisory Committee of Historians and the OIEAHC; reports on the William and Mary Quarterly.","Series 3 includes additions to the collection, which are made on an ongoing basis."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. 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Dept. of History","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture","Morton family","Morton, Richard Lee, 1889-1974","Morton, Estelle","Dinwiddie, Robert, 1693-1770","Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":593,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:58.389Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9240","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9240.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Morton, Richard Lee, Papers","title_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard Lee Morton papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1756-2006","1930-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1756-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1930-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"text":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969","Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Athletics--Football--Scandal of 1951","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Curriculum--History","Football--Virginia--Williamsburg","Genealogy","Legal documents","Slavery--Virginia--History","United States--History--Prohibition","Class materials","Correspondence","Diaries","Minutes","Photographs","Publications","Reports","Speeches","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/90_M84_Morton__Richard_Lee.pdf","Manuscripts and Archives collection combined in June 2012 by Benjamin Bromley.","Papers, chiefly 1930-1969, of Richard Lee Morton, professor of history at the College of William and Mary from 1919 to 1959. Series 1 includes personal and professional correspondence, lectures and notes relating to his research on Virginia history, and material relating to his community activities in Williamsburg, Va. Includes correspondence of his wife Estelle (Dinwiddie) Morton, land grants, 1756 and 1774, signed by Robert Dinwiddie and Lord Dunmore, Confederate currency and bonds, genealogical materials on the Watkins and Morton families and photographs.","Series 2 includes Morton's notes and correspondence about the 1951 football scandal; clippings about the Omohundro Institute of Early American History \u0026 Culture; correspondence with Lyon G. Tyler and others; Board meeting minutes of the Colonial Williamsburg Advisory Committee of Historians and the OIEAHC; reports on the William and Mary Quarterly.","Series 3 includes additions to the collection, which are made on an ongoing basis.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of History","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture","Morton family","Morton, Richard Lee, 1889-1974","Morton, Estelle","Dinwiddie, Robert, 1693-1770","Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Richard Lee Morton papers, 1756/2006, bulk 1930/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 90 M84","/repositories/2/resources/9240"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Morton, Richard Lee, 1889-1974","Morton family","Morton, Estelle","College of William and Mary. 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Dept. of History","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture","Morton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts and purchase, 1977-2000. Acc. 1987.084 gift of Louise Morton Murtagh (daughter) on  08/05/1987; Acc. 1990.047 gift of Louise Morton Murtagh on 06/27/1990; Acc. 1999.055 transfered from the Department of History 07/03/1985."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Athletics--Football--Scandal of 1951","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Curriculum--History","Football--Virginia--Williamsburg","Genealogy","Legal documents","Slavery--Virginia--History","United States--History--Prohibition","Class materials","Correspondence","Diaries","Minutes","Photographs","Publications","Reports","Speeches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Athletics--Football--Scandal of 1951","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Curriculum--History","Football--Virginia--Williamsburg","Genealogy","Legal documents","Slavery--Virginia--History","United States--History--Prohibition","Class materials","Correspondence","Diaries","Minutes","Photographs","Publications","Reports","Speeches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["15.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Class materials","Correspondence","Diaries","Minutes","Photographs","Publications","Reports","Speeches"],"date_range_isim":[1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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Includes correspondence of his wife Estelle (Dinwiddie) Morton, land grants, 1756 and 1774, signed by Robert Dinwiddie and Lord Dunmore, Confederate currency and bonds, genealogical materials on the Watkins and Morton families and photographs.","Series 2 includes Morton's notes and correspondence about the 1951 football scandal; clippings about the Omohundro Institute of Early American History \u0026 Culture; correspondence with Lyon G. Tyler and others; Board meeting minutes of the Colonial Williamsburg Advisory Committee of Historians and the OIEAHC; reports on the William and Mary Quarterly.","Series 3 includes additions to the collection, which are made on an ongoing basis."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of History","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture"],"names_coll_ssim":["Democratic Party (U.S.)","Democratic Party (Va.)","Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture","Dinwiddie, Robert, 1693-1770","Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935"],"famname_ssim":["Morton family"],"persname_ssim":["Morton, Richard Lee, 1889-1974","Morton, Estelle","Dinwiddie, Robert, 1693-1770","Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 1732-1809","Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853-1935"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. 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(Richard Logan), 1918-2002","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence and memoranda, military orders, printed material, photographs, scrapbooks, speeches, and other material primarily documenting the United States Army career (1939-1971) of Major General Richard L. Irby. The collection also includes information about the activities of of the 1st Cavalry Division during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_744.xml","title_ssm":["Richard L. Irby collection"],"title_tesim":["Richard L. Irby collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard L. Irby collection, 1939/1971"],"text":["Richard L. Irby collection, 1939/1971","MS.0509","/repositories/3/resources/744","Louisiana -- Fort Polk","Kentucky -- Fort Knox","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1939","Vietnam War (1961-1975)","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Burma","World War, 1939-1945","Korean War (1950-1953)","United States. -- Army. -- Cavalry Division, 1st","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Memoranda","Correspondence","Scrapbooks","There are no restrictions","Richard Logan Irby (1918-2002) had a distinguished career in the United States Army and subsequently served as the VMI's tenth Superintendent. A native of Blackstone, Virginia, Irby graduated from VMI in 1939 with a degree in civil engineering. He commissioned in the cavalry branch of the United States Army. He was a decorated veteran of three wars and twice the recipient of the Silver Star for gallantry in combat.","Following the completion of his military career, Irby served as Superintendent of VMI from 1971 to 1981. He retired from VMI in 1981, and continued to live in Lexington, Virginia until his death on March 6, 2002.","This collection is open to research, but has been minimally processed.  There is no detailed item/folder inventory. Contact the VMI Archives for assistance with a specific request related to this collection.","This collection is distinct from official VMI records that document Richard L. Irby's tenure as Superintendent.","This collection consists of correspondence and memoranda, military orders, printed material, photographs, scrapbooks, speeches, and other material primarily documenting the United States Army career (1939-1971) of Major General Richard L. Irby. The collection also includes information about the activities of of the 1st Cavalry Division during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. 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(George Catlett), 1880-1959","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1939","Vietnam War (1961-1975)","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Burma","World War, 1939-1945","Korean War (1950-1953)","United States. -- Army. -- Cavalry Division, 1st","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Memoranda","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1939","Vietnam War (1961-1975)","World War, 1939-1945—Campaigns—Burma","World War, 1939-1945","Korean War (1950-1953)","United States. -- Army. -- Cavalry Division, 1st","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Memoranda","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 cubic feet 8 boxes, plus unboxed framed items and albums/scrapbooks"],"extent_tesim":["10 cubic feet 8 boxes, plus unboxed framed items and albums/scrapbooks"],"genreform_ssim":["Orders (military records)","Photographs","Memoranda","Correspondence","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Logan Irby (1918-2002) had a distinguished career in the United States Army and subsequently served as the VMI's tenth Superintendent. A native of Blackstone, Virginia, Irby graduated from VMI in 1939 with a degree in civil engineering. He commissioned in the cavalry branch of the United States Army. He was a decorated veteran of three wars and twice the recipient of the Silver Star for gallantry in combat.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the completion of his military career, Irby served as Superintendent of VMI from 1971 to 1981. He retired from VMI in 1981, and continued to live in Lexington, Virginia until his death on March 6, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Logan Irby (1918-2002) had a distinguished career in the United States Army and subsequently served as the VMI's tenth Superintendent. A native of Blackstone, Virginia, Irby graduated from VMI in 1939 with a degree in civil engineering. He commissioned in the cavalry branch of the United States Army. He was a decorated veteran of three wars and twice the recipient of the Silver Star for gallantry in combat.","Following the completion of his military career, Irby served as Superintendent of VMI from 1971 to 1981. He retired from VMI in 1981, and continued to live in Lexington, Virginia until his death on March 6, 2002."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard L. Irby collection, 1939-1971. MS 0509. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Richard L. Irby collection, 1939-1971. MS 0509. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research, but has been minimally processed.  There is no detailed item/folder inventory. Contact the VMI Archives for assistance with a specific request related to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection is open to research, but has been minimally processed.  There is no detailed item/folder inventory. Contact the VMI Archives for assistance with a specific request related to this collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is distinct from official VMI records that document Richard L. Irby's tenure as Superintendent.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is distinct from official VMI records that document Richard L. Irby's tenure as Superintendent."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence and memoranda, military orders, printed material, photographs, scrapbooks, speeches, and other material primarily documenting the United States Army career (1939-1971) of Major General Richard L. Irby. The collection also includes information about the activities of of the 1st Cavalry Division during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of correspondence and memoranda, military orders, printed material, photographs, scrapbooks, speeches, and other material primarily documenting the United States Army career (1939-1971) of Major General Richard L. Irby. The collection also includes information about the activities of of the 1st Cavalry Division during the Korean and Vietnam Wars."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ff24ba0129dd89a8f99a983f0d39d2e7\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Irby, Richard L. (Richard Logan), 1918-2002","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_744"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1928#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1928#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1928#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1928.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robb-Bernard Papers","title_ssm":["Robb-Bernard Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robb-Bernard Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1665-2001","1850-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1665-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"text":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950","01/Mss. 65 R54","/repositories/2/resources/1928","Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Battleships--United States--History","Chemical warfare--United States--History--20th century.","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students","Genealogy","Legal documents","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Philippines--History","United States--Women--History","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--European Front","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.","See the Finding Aide/Inventory for a brief description.","Original Accession of 14 boxes grouped by type of material, then chronologically within these groups.","Most of the additions to this collections are not yet processed.","John Hipkins Bernard was the son of William Bernard and Fannie Hipkins Bernard. His grandfather was John Hipkins. Bernard inherited \"Rose Hill,\"Caroline County, Va. from his grandfather and renamed it \"Gay Mont\" in honor of his wife Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, the sister of Governor Wyndham Robertson. Bernard's daughter Helen Struan Bernard Robb bought her siblings' interest in \"Gay Mont.\" Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/65_R54_Robb-Bernard.pdf","Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.","Most additions to this accession have not been processed nor an inventory created.  Please see the short descriptions under each Series in the Box and Folder listing.","Acc. 2012.112 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2012. Acc. 2013.052 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2013.","Papers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).","Additions include other material on the Robb, Bernard, Upton and Hipkins families from the 19th century through the 20th century.","Check the Finding Aid/Inventory and the PDF Inventory for descriptions and/or folder lists of original accession and all additions.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family","Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916","English French Dutch;Flemish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 65 R54","/repositories/2/resources/1928"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 65 R54","/repositories/2/resources/1928"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family"],"creators_ssim":["Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916","Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to William \u0026 Mary Special Collections Research Center by Miss Fannie B. Robb of Caroline County, Virginia, James S. Patton, Frances Robb, and Eugenia Robb in various batches between 1940 and 2007.   1940-28D, 1947.28, 1947.33  - Gift of Fannie B. Robb 1983.28 - Gift of William Y.C. White, Jr. 1983.35 - Gift of Madge G. Baya. 1975.18, 1976.02, 1979.18, 1985.41, 1986.32, 1987.42, 1996.58 - Gift of James Samuel Patton 1999.34, 1999.43, 1999.56, 2000.47, 2000.61, 2002.33 - Gift of Eugenia V. Robb 1993.65, 2005.34, 2005.49, 2007.93 - Gift of Frances Robb 2008.78 - Gift of Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities 1985.40 - Gift of James S. Patton via Williamsburg Historic Records Association. 2010.353 and 2010.385 are gift of Frances Robb. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Battleships--United States--History","Chemical warfare--United States--History--20th century.","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students","Genealogy","Legal documents","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Philippines--History","United States--Women--History","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--European Front","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Battleships--United States--History","Chemical warfare--United States--History--20th century.","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students","Genealogy","Legal documents","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Philippines--History","United States--Women--History","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--European Front","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["26.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the Finding Aide/Inventory for a brief description.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Original Accession of 14 boxes grouped by type of material, then chronologically within these groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most of the additions to this collections are not yet processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["See the Finding Aide/Inventory for a brief description.","Original Accession of 14 boxes grouped by type of material, then chronologically within these groups.","Most of the additions to this collections are not yet processed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Hipkins Bernard was the son of William Bernard and Fannie Hipkins Bernard. His grandfather was John Hipkins. Bernard inherited \"Rose Hill,\"Caroline County, Va. from his grandfather and renamed it \"Gay Mont\" in honor of his wife Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, the sister of Governor Wyndham Robertson. Bernard's daughter Helen Struan Bernard Robb bought her siblings' interest in \"Gay Mont.\" Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Robb-Bernard_Family\" title=\"Robb-Bernard Family\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family History:"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Hipkins Bernard was the son of William Bernard and Fannie Hipkins Bernard. His grandfather was John Hipkins. Bernard inherited \"Rose Hill,\"Caroline County, Va. from his grandfather and renamed it \"Gay Mont\" in honor of his wife Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, the sister of Governor Wyndham Robertson. Bernard's daughter Helen Struan Bernard Robb bought her siblings' interest in \"Gay Mont.\" Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A PDF document of this inventory is available online.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/65_R54_Robb-Bernard.pdf\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/65_R54_Robb-Bernard.pdf"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobb-Bernard Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libaries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robb-Bernard Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libaries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most additions to this accession have not been processed nor an inventory created.  Please see the short descriptions under each Series in the Box and Folder listing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Acc. 2012.112 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2012. Acc. 2013.052 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.","Most additions to this accession have not been processed nor an inventory created.  Please see the short descriptions under each Series in the Box and Folder listing.","Acc. 2012.112 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2012. Acc. 2013.052 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additions include other material on the Robb, Bernard, Upton and Hipkins families from the 19th century through the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Check the Finding Aid/Inventory and the PDF Inventory for descriptions and/or folder lists of original accession and all additions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).","Additions include other material on the Robb, Bernard, Upton and Hipkins families from the 19th century through the 20th century.","Check the Finding Aid/Inventory and the PDF Inventory for descriptions and/or folder lists of original accession and all additions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family","Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"famname_ssim":["Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family"],"persname_ssim":["Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family","Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"language_ssim":["English French Dutch;Flemish"],"total_component_count_is":238,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T00:04:56.222Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1928","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1928.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robb-Bernard Papers","title_ssm":["Robb-Bernard Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robb-Bernard Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1665-2001","1850-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1665-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"text":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950","01/Mss. 65 R54","/repositories/2/resources/1928","Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Battleships--United States--History","Chemical warfare--United States--History--20th century.","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students","Genealogy","Legal documents","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Philippines--History","United States--Women--History","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--European Front","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.","See the Finding Aide/Inventory for a brief description.","Original Accession of 14 boxes grouped by type of material, then chronologically within these groups.","Most of the additions to this collections are not yet processed.","John Hipkins Bernard was the son of William Bernard and Fannie Hipkins Bernard. His grandfather was John Hipkins. Bernard inherited \"Rose Hill,\"Caroline County, Va. from his grandfather and renamed it \"Gay Mont\" in honor of his wife Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, the sister of Governor Wyndham Robertson. Bernard's daughter Helen Struan Bernard Robb bought her siblings' interest in \"Gay Mont.\" Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/65_R54_Robb-Bernard.pdf","Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.","Most additions to this accession have not been processed nor an inventory created.  Please see the short descriptions under each Series in the Box and Folder listing.","Acc. 2012.112 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2012. Acc. 2013.052 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2013.","Papers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).","Additions include other material on the Robb, Bernard, Upton and Hipkins families from the 19th century through the 20th century.","Check the Finding Aid/Inventory and the PDF Inventory for descriptions and/or folder lists of original accession and all additions.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family","Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916","English French Dutch;Flemish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Robb-Bernard Papers, 1665/1980, bulk 1850/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 65 R54","/repositories/2/resources/1928"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 65 R54","/repositories/2/resources/1928"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Alabama--History--19th century","Canada--Description and travel","Caroline County (Va.)--History--18th century","Caroline County (Va.)--History--19th century","Chandler Court (Williamsburg, Va.)","Germany--History--Allied occupation, 1945-","Maine--Description and travel","Virginia--Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family"],"creators_ssim":["Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916","Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to William \u0026 Mary Special Collections Research Center by Miss Fannie B. Robb of Caroline County, Virginia, James S. Patton, Frances Robb, and Eugenia Robb in various batches between 1940 and 2007.   1940-28D, 1947.28, 1947.33  - Gift of Fannie B. Robb 1983.28 - Gift of William Y.C. White, Jr. 1983.35 - Gift of Madge G. Baya. 1975.18, 1976.02, 1979.18, 1985.41, 1986.32, 1987.42, 1996.58 - Gift of James Samuel Patton 1999.34, 1999.43, 1999.56, 2000.47, 2000.61, 2002.33 - Gift of Eugenia V. Robb 1993.65, 2005.34, 2005.49, 2007.93 - Gift of Frances Robb 2008.78 - Gift of Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities 1985.40 - Gift of James S. Patton via Williamsburg Historic Records Association. 2010.353 and 2010.385 are gift of Frances Robb. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Battleships--United States--History","Chemical warfare--United States--History--20th century.","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students","Genealogy","Legal documents","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Philippines--History","United States--Women--History","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--European Front","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","American Red Cross--History--World War II period","Battleships--United States--History","Chemical warfare--United States--History--20th century.","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","College of William and Mary--Students","Genealogy","Legal documents","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Philippines--History","United States--Women--History","Women--History--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--European Front","World War, 1939-1945--Japan","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["26.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Financial records","Photographs","Poems","Scrapbooks","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the Finding Aide/Inventory for a brief description.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Original Accession of 14 boxes grouped by type of material, then chronologically within these groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most of the additions to this collections are not yet processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["See the Finding Aide/Inventory for a brief description.","Original Accession of 14 boxes grouped by type of material, then chronologically within these groups.","Most of the additions to this collections are not yet processed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Hipkins Bernard was the son of William Bernard and Fannie Hipkins Bernard. His grandfather was John Hipkins. Bernard inherited \"Rose Hill,\"Caroline County, Va. from his grandfather and renamed it \"Gay Mont\" in honor of his wife Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, the sister of Governor Wyndham Robertson. Bernard's daughter Helen Struan Bernard Robb bought her siblings' interest in \"Gay Mont.\" Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Robb-Bernard_Family\" title=\"Robb-Bernard Family\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Family History:"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Hipkins Bernard was the son of William Bernard and Fannie Hipkins Bernard. His grandfather was John Hipkins. Bernard inherited \"Rose Hill,\"Caroline County, Va. from his grandfather and renamed it \"Gay Mont\" in honor of his wife Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, the sister of Governor Wyndham Robertson. Bernard's daughter Helen Struan Bernard Robb bought her siblings' interest in \"Gay Mont.\" Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A PDF document of this inventory is available online.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/65_R54_Robb-Bernard.pdf\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/65_R54_Robb-Bernard.pdf"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobb-Bernard Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libaries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robb-Bernard Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libaries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most additions to this accession have not been processed nor an inventory created.  Please see the short descriptions under each Series in the Box and Folder listing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Acc. 2012.112 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2012. Acc. 2013.052 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original Accession and additions physically and intellectually combined in 2009.","Most additions to this accession have not been processed nor an inventory created.  Please see the short descriptions under each Series in the Box and Folder listing.","Acc. 2012.112 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in April 2012. Acc. 2013.052 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2013."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additions include other material on the Robb, Bernard, Upton and Hipkins families from the 19th century through the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Check the Finding Aid/Inventory and the PDF Inventory for descriptions and/or folder lists of original accession and all additions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1800-1901, of and relating to John Hipkins and John Hipkins Bernard (mostly accounts); of and relating to members of the Hipkins, Bernard and Robb families; and relating to the Hipkins-Bernard-Robb home \"Rose Hill,\" Caroline County, Va. (later renamed \"Gay Mont\") and to Bernard's lands in Alabama, Texas and Arkansas. Includes diaries, correspondence, poems, accounts and account books of women (Elizabeth Hipkins, Jane Gay Robertson Bernard, and Helen Struan Bernard Robb); and legal documents and letters of John Taylor of Caroline. Of special interest are the diaries of Eugenia D. Robb while serving with the American Red Cross in Germany and Japan during and after World War II (1999.56A).","Additions include other material on the Robb, Bernard, Upton and Hipkins families from the 19th century through the 20th century.","Check the Finding Aid/Inventory and the PDF Inventory for descriptions and/or folder lists of original accession and all additions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family","Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"famname_ssim":["Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family"],"persname_ssim":["Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Historic Records Association (Williamsburg, Va.)","American Chemical Society","American Red Cross","United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization","Bernard Family","Hipkins family","Robb family","Robb-Bernard family","Upton family","Taylor, John, 1753-1824","Tompkins, Sally Louisa, 1833-1916"],"language_ssim":["English French Dutch;Flemish"],"total_component_count_is":238,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-10T00:04:56.222Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1928"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Marshak, Robert E., Papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995"],"text":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995","Ms.1988.060","Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)","Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.","Some of the collection has been digitized and is availible online.","The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\nSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries V. Personal Files\nSeries VI. Organizations and Research\nSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\nSeries VIII. Audio Materials\nSeries IX. Oversized Materials","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists.","Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend.","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation.","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics.","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.","The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.","Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY) are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the Marshak Collection, a digital collection of photographs.","The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970).","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.060"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.060"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert E. Marshak Papers were donated to Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) in three separate donations. Series I, also known as the Rochester Conference Papers, were donated in 1989. The remainder of the collection (Series II-IX) was acquired by SCUA in 1989 and 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1988_060_MarshakRobertEPapers\"\u003eavailible online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of the collection has been digitized and is availible online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is dividied into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Personal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Organizations and Research\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Audio Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Oversized Materials \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\nSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries V. Personal Files\nSeries VI. Organizations and Research\nSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\nSeries VIII. Audio Materials\nSeries IX. Oversized Materials","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvents at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics\u003c/title\u003e (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180521195133/http://spec.lib.vt.edu/marshk/bio.htm\"\u003eA fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend.","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation.","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics.","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4m3nf11n/\"\u003eRobert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)\u003c/a\u003e are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026amp; Archives maintains the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A287920\"\u003eMarshak Collection\u003c/a\u003e, a digital collection of photographs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY) are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the Marshak Collection, a digital collection of photographs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970).","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_635d9808d6804b3f3d25c41245f53f24\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c2b6b4b53b3eb16993d115314b9ced29\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2203,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:53.578Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Marshak, Robert E., Papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995"],"text":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995","Ms.1988.060","Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)","Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.","Some of the collection has been digitized and is availible online.","The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\nSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries V. Personal Files\nSeries VI. Organizations and Research\nSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\nSeries VIII. Audio Materials\nSeries IX. Oversized Materials","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists.","Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend.","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation.","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics.","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.","The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.","Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY) are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the Marshak Collection, a digital collection of photographs.","The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970).","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.","Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Marshak Papers, 1933/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.060"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.060"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert E. Marshak Papers were donated to Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) in three separate donations. Series I, also known as the Rochester Conference Papers, were donated in 1989. The remainder of the collection (Series II-IX) was acquired by SCUA in 1989 and 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Physics","Science and Technology","Science -- International cooperation","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- United States","University History","Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["71.3 Cubic Feet 54 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Proceedings (reports)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eConfidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Confidential information is restricted and has been moved to Box 52. Each folder is identified in the inventory with information about how long and why materials are restricted. Please speak to an archivist if confidential information is found elsewhere in the collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the collection has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1988_060_MarshakRobertEPapers\"\u003eavailible online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of the collection has been digitized and is availible online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is dividied into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Personal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Organizations and Research\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Audio Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Oversized Materials \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is dividied into the following series:","Series I. Rochester Conference - arranged chronologically within subject files\nSeries II. A-Z files - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries III. American Physical Society (APS) Reocrds - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries IV. University of Rochester Records - primarily arranged by subject in rough alphabetical order\nSeries V. Personal Files\nSeries VI. Organizations and Research\nSeries VII. Correspondence, Notes, Writings\nSeries VIII. Audio Materials\nSeries IX. Oversized Materials","These series have been imposed by archivists but are based on Marshak's original order and description. Materials in Series II thru Series IX were collected from multiple locations and are in their original order, except Series V, which was organized by archivists."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEvents at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics\u003c/title\u003e (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180521195133/http://spec.lib.vt.edu/marshk/bio.htm\"\u003eA fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak was born in 1916 in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. Marshak's academic ability was recognized early, and despite their poverty, his family encouraged his studies. As a result, he finished James Monroe High School at the age of 15. From high school, he enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY), a tuition-free university that served as an exit from poverty for generations of immigrants. After one semester at CCNY, he received a Pulitzer Scholarship which provided full tuition and a stipend which allowed him to continue his education at Columbia University. College appears to have been a profound intellectual experience for Marshak. He initially majored in philosophy and math, and served as the dance critic for the school newspaper. In his senior year, he switched to physics, and came into contact with Nobel Laureate I.I. Rabi. Rabi was initially skeptical of his commitment to physics, but later became a friend.","Marshak graduated from Columbia in 1936, and went to graduate school at Cornell University via a fellowship. At Cornell, he studied with Hans Bethe, who at the time was working on problems pertaining to energy production in stars, which later won Bethe a Nobel Prize. Marshak wrote his dissertation on energy production in white dwarf stars. His basic conclusion was confirmed about forty years later when the white dwarf orbiting Sirius came into view. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1939 at the age of 22.","Jobs were hard to come by in the late 1930s, especially for Jewish scientists for whom positions were limited by quotas. Marshak nonetheless was able to get a one- year, non- renewable position at the University of Rochester. Here he met, among other notables, Victor Weiskopf, the future director of CERN, the nuclear accelerator facility in Geneva, Switzerland. During this time a tenure-track position opened in the Physics Department at Rochester which Marshak received.","Teaching at the University of Rochester was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. Marshak became involved in the war effort, as did many scientists at the time. Initially, he worked on developing radar in Boston, Massachusetts, then on the British atomic bomb project in Montreal, Canada. In 1943, Marshak married Ruth Gup, a school teacher in Rochester. Later he joined the Manhattan Project which was developing the American atomic bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. At Los Alamos, Marshak was a deputy group leader in theoretical physics, a rank which allowed him to be privy to the overall strategy of atomic bomb creation.","After the war, Marshak returned to the University of Rochester, where he moved quickly through the ranks. He become a chair professor (the Harris chair) and the head of the physics department in the 1950s. He was very active as a researcher, and was a participant at the famous Shelter Island Conference where he proposed the two-meson theory. During his fourteen year chairmanship the Physics Department at Rochester became one of the top 10 in the country, and a recognized center for advanced research in physics.","During his years at the University of Rochester, Marshak became intensely interested in international science.  He felt that scientific cooperation was an important first step in the quest for global peace.  In 1956, he was a member of the first delegation of approximately six American scientists to visit the USSR after the death of Stalin. Marshak met the leaders of the Soviet Physics community, including Lev Landau. He made more trips to the USSR during the 1950s (U.S. State Department debriefings after these trips are in the files), and became an acknowledged expert on Soviet science.","During the 1950s, Marshak established the \"Rochester Conference\", considered by his colleagues to be one of his most significant achievements. The conference evolved over the years into \"The International Conference on High-Energy Physics.\" The Rochester Conference was instrumental in bringing together scientists from around the world, and served as a model for the establishment of international conferences in other fields. One of the most challenging aspects of the early conferences was the attempt to bring real Eastern European and Soviet physicists (as opposed to KGB agents) to the meetings. This effort required Marshak to carry out intense negotiations with the U.S. State Department and with members of Congress. His other involvement in international science included participation in the establishment of the International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden.","Events at the University of Rochester received lots of publicity, and brought Marshak to the attention of the search committee looking for a new president for CCNY. They approached him with an offer to become president, just at a time when his social conscience had been roused. He accepted the offer and became CCNY President in 1970, just at a time when the college was undergoing a vast change in demographics.","Typical of Marshak, he put his full effort into the struggle to redefine the college and bring it through these crises. In addition to improving the quality of several departments, he established important new programs such as the Biomedical Center and the Legal Center, raised the funds for a new performing arts center (the Leonard Davis Center), and pushed through the construction of a 150 million dollar academic complex.  He also became involved in the debate about national educational policy and \"Science and Public Policy\", delivering many speeches on the subject. He also served on the board of directors for Harlem Hospital and for Colonial Penn Insurance Company. In the end, the success of his efforts was recognized by the naming of the 14-story science building on campus after him. The stress of his position at CCNY took a toll on his health, and he suffered a minor stroke during a confrontation with a student group. The stroke effected his balance for the remainder of his life.","After nine years at CCNY, his desire to return to physics led him to accept an offer as University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tech, and he and Ruth moved to Blacksburg in 1979. During this period, he became President of the American Physical Society, the principle organization of physicists in the United States. Typical of his modus operandi, he took an activist approach to the job, using the weight of the society to debate the Reagan Administration on the issue of placing an anti-ballistic missile system into space, popularly known as \"Star Wars.\"","Marshak officially retired as a professor at the age of 75. During the last five years of his life, he worked intensely on a book, entitled Conceptual Foundations of Modern Particle Physics (Singapore: World Scientific, 1993). He finished the final corrections on the manuscript the day before he died. When he dropped the manuscript in the mailbox, he turn to his wife and said, in a joking voice, \"It's done. Now I can die.\" The next day, December 23, 1992, he died in an accidental drowning on a trip to Mexico.","A fuller biography of Marshak from Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives is archived and available online."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert E. Marshak Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert E. Marshak Papers, Ms1988-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert E. Marshak Papers was completed in November 2021.","The 1989 donation (Series I) was processed and described prior to 1994. Additional description for these materials was completed in 2005, 2010, and 2020. A print inventory was created in 1994 and incorporated into the finding aid in 2010 and 2020, with additional arrangement and description in 2020. Full processing of the collection in 2021 incorporated these existing descriptions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt4m3nf11n/\"\u003eRobert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY)\u003c/a\u003e are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026amp; Archives maintains the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A287920\"\u003eMarshak Collection\u003c/a\u003e, a digital collection of photographs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert E. Marshak's papers as president of City College of New York (CCNY) are held at the Hoover Institution Archives of Standford University.","The American Institute of Physics's Niels Bohr Library \u0026 Archives maintains the Marshak Collection, a digital collection of photographs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consist of Marshak's professional and personal papers,  detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York.","The first series contains materials on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. After 1957 the conferences were held under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and Marshak's files from the conferences from 1958 to 1970 are included. The collection also has correspondence files on IUPAP (1953-1972) and on the Commission on High Energy Physics (1958-1963); photographs (1950-1970); US-USSR relations (1956-1966); and a photocopy of an oral history interview done by Charles Weiner (1970).","The rest of the collection, is divided into eight series. These series consist of correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, transcripts, proceedings, interviews, and other personalia. Topics cover the national and international development of high-energy physics, meetings and symposia, and scientific committees; awards and prizes, administration and education, science in the Eastern Bloc and Third World, and the scientist as social activist or citizen-scientist. The collection also includes correspondence, publications and articles, and more related to Marshak's books and other writings, teaching and academic administrative work, and research.","Individual series concern specific time periods of Marshak's career, including his work at the University of Rochester, City College of New York (CCNY), and Virginia Tech (VPI). The series also document his involvement in numerous organizations, including the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. (However, Marshak's official records as president of City College of New York are held by the Hoover Insitution Archives at Stanford University.)","Of special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_635d9808d6804b3f3d25c41245f53f24\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of Marshak's professional and personal papers, detailing his career as university professor in physics at the University of Rochester and Virginia Tech, member and leader in several scientific institutions, and president of the City College of New York. Materials include Marshak's files on the Shelter Island Conferences (1947-1949) and his administrative and correspondence files on the Rochester Conferences on High-Energy Physics (1950-1957), which he founded. The papers also includes correspondence, notes, reports, files, speeches, proceedings, newsclippings, autographs, photographs, interviews, transcripts, and other personalia related to his career at the University of Rochester, City College of New York, and Virginia Tech. Some materials relate to his work in international science and physics organizations, including USSR-US relations, Soviet science, the American Physical Association, International Center of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and the International Foundation for Science in Sweden. \n\nOf special note are several items and files with other well-known physicists, including Hans Bethe, George Sudarshan, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Susumu Okubo, Abdus Salam, Victor Weisskopf, Enrico Fermi, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Mildred Dresselhaus, Richard Feynman, and a letter from Albert Einstein."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c2b6b4b53b3eb16993d115314b9ced29\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"persname_ssim":["Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Conference on High Energy Physics","Rochester Conference on High Energy Nuclear Physics","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Marshak, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1916-1992"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are primarily in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2203,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:53.578Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3579"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_94.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960 - 2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006"],"text":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006","C0162","/repositories/2/resources/94","Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History","Housing","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Slides (Photography)","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into 10 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence, 1975-2001 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Reston General Information, 1960-1990 (Boxes 1-4)\n      Series 3: Reston Community Centers, 1963-1991 (Box 4)\n      Series 4: Reston Finance, 1963-1976 (Boxes 4-5)\n      Series 5: Building Projects, 1961-1975 (Boxes 5-6)\n      Series 6: National File, 1964-1987 (Boxes 6-7)\n      Series 7: Conferences, 1964-1987 (Boxes 7-10)\n      Series 8: Planned Communities, 1962-1975 (Boxes 10-11)\n      Series 9: Media, 1960-2003 (Boxes 11-12)\n      Series 10: Oversize, 1960-2006 (Boxes 13-15)","Robert E. Simon, Jr., was born in New York City in 1914. After graduating from Harvard, Simon took over the family real estate management and development business. In 1961, with the proceeds from the sale of a family property, Carnegie Hall, Simon purchased 6,750 acres of land in Fairfax County, Virginia, which would become Reston, Virginia. Reston is now recognized as the foremost Planned Community in the United States. Simon's Planned Community, or new town, emphasized the quality of life for the individual and provided a community where people could live, work, and play.","The Robert E. Simon Jr. papers was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. In 2009 the documents were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in March and April 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the  and Northern Virginia.","The Robert E. Simon Jr. Papers are comprised of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications and scrapbooks. Robert E. Simon Jr. included in his donation his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","Series one is titled correspondence and is dated from 1975 to 2001. The series is small and is only in box 1. Some of the correspondence is between Robert E. Simon Jr. and Martha Pennino. Also included in the series are invitations for various speaking engagements.","Series two is titled Reston General Information and is dated from 1960 to 1990. The series is contained within boxes 1 through 4. In this series there are various documents from Reston, including promotional material, newsclippings and zoning information.","Series three is titled Reston Community Centers and is dated from 1963 to 1991. The series is contained in box 4. The series is information from different organizations in Reston such as North Golf Course and Reston Day Care.","Series four is titled Reston Finance and is dated from 1963 to 1976. The series is contained in boxes 4 and 5. The series is general information on the finances of Reston. Included in the series are documents on taxes, consulting firms and various other sources.","Series five is titled Building Projects and is dated from 1961 to 1975. The series is contained in boxes 5 and 6. The series has information dealing with different projects in Reston from various architectural firms and other corporations involved in the projects.","Series six is titled National File and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 6 and 7. The series includes information from national organizations such as the League of Women Voters and Housing and Urban Development (HUD).","Series seven is titled Conferences and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 7 through 10. The information in this series is from various conferences that Robert E. Simon Jr. attended during these years. Included are Harvard University, Columbia University and other universities in the United States that had conferences relating to Planned Communities.","Series eight is titled Planned Communities and is dated from 1962 to 1975. The series contained in boxes 10 and 11. The documents in this series is information from different planned communities. There are international communities in Great Britain and communities within the United States, such as Columbia, Maryland.","Series nine is titled Media and is dated from 1960 to 2003. The series is contained in boxes 11 and 12. The series is comprised of negatives, slides, photographs, videotapes and a single reel. The videotapes are mostly interviews with Robert E. Simon Jr. about Reston.","Series ten is titled Oversize and is dated from 1960 to 2006. The series is contained in boxes 13 through 15. The series is mostly newsclippings from the 1960s and more recent magazine publications from the twenty-first century. The articles all relate to Reston and the developments there.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0162","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"unitid_tesim":["C0162","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Robert E. Simon Jr. in three section first on May 7, 1992, second on August 9, 1993 and the final donation was made on September 15, 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Housing","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Slides (Photography)","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Housing","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Slides (Photography)","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into 10 series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1975-2001 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Reston General Information, 1960-1990 (Boxes 1-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Reston Community Centers, 1963-1991 (Box 4)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Reston Finance, 1963-1976 (Boxes 4-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Building Projects, 1961-1975 (Boxes 5-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: National File, 1964-1987 (Boxes 6-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Conferences, 1964-1987 (Boxes 7-10)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Planned Communities, 1962-1975 (Boxes 10-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Media, 1960-2003 (Boxes 11-12)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Oversize, 1960-2006 (Boxes 13-15)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into 10 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence, 1975-2001 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Reston General Information, 1960-1990 (Boxes 1-4)\n      Series 3: Reston Community Centers, 1963-1991 (Box 4)\n      Series 4: Reston Finance, 1963-1976 (Boxes 4-5)\n      Series 5: Building Projects, 1961-1975 (Boxes 5-6)\n      Series 6: National File, 1964-1987 (Boxes 6-7)\n      Series 7: Conferences, 1964-1987 (Boxes 7-10)\n      Series 8: Planned Communities, 1962-1975 (Boxes 10-11)\n      Series 9: Media, 1960-2003 (Boxes 11-12)\n      Series 10: Oversize, 1960-2006 (Boxes 13-15)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Simon, Jr., was born in New York City in 1914. After graduating from Harvard, Simon took over the family real estate management and development business. In 1961, with the proceeds from the sale of a family property, Carnegie Hall, Simon purchased 6,750 acres of land in Fairfax County, Virginia, which would become Reston, Virginia. Reston is now recognized as the foremost Planned Community in the United States. Simon's Planned Community, or new town, emphasized the quality of life for the individual and provided a community where people could live, work, and play.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr., was born in New York City in 1914. After graduating from Harvard, Simon took over the family real estate management and development business. In 1961, with the proceeds from the sale of a family property, Carnegie Hall, Simon purchased 6,750 acres of land in Fairfax County, Virginia, which would become Reston, Virginia. Reston is now recognized as the foremost Planned Community in the United States. Simon's Planned Community, or new town, emphasized the quality of life for the individual and provided a community where people could live, work, and play."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Simon, Jr. papers, C0162, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, C0162, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert E. Simon Jr. papers was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. In 2009 the documents were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed in March and April 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Robert E. Simon Jr. papers was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. In 2009 the documents were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in March and April 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"history of Reston\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026amp;op%5B%5D=\u0026amp;q%5B%5D=reston\u0026amp;limit=\u0026amp;field%5B%5D=\u0026amp;from_year%5B%5D=\u0026amp;to_year%5B%5D=\u0026amp;commit=Search\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the  and Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert E. Simon Jr. Papers are comprised of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications and scrapbooks. Robert E. Simon Jr. included in his donation his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries one is titled correspondence and is dated from 1975 to 2001. The series is small and is only in box 1. Some of the correspondence is between Robert E. Simon Jr. and Martha Pennino. Also included in the series are invitations for various speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries two is titled Reston General Information and is dated from 1960 to 1990. The series is contained within boxes 1 through 4. In this series there are various documents from Reston, including promotional material, newsclippings and zoning information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries three is titled Reston Community Centers and is dated from 1963 to 1991. The series is contained in box 4. The series is information from different organizations in Reston such as North Golf Course and Reston Day Care. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries four is titled Reston Finance and is dated from 1963 to 1976. The series is contained in boxes 4 and 5. The series is general information on the finances of Reston. Included in the series are documents on taxes, consulting firms and various other sources. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries five is titled Building Projects and is dated from 1961 to 1975. The series is contained in boxes 5 and 6. The series has information dealing with different projects in Reston from various architectural firms and other corporations involved in the projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries six is titled National File and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 6 and 7. The series includes information from national organizations such as the League of Women Voters and Housing and Urban Development (HUD). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries seven is titled Conferences and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 7 through 10. The information in this series is from various conferences that Robert E. Simon Jr. attended during these years. Included are Harvard University, Columbia University and other universities in the United States that had conferences relating to Planned Communities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries eight is titled Planned Communities and is dated from 1962 to 1975. The series contained in boxes 10 and 11. The documents in this series is information from different planned communities. There are international communities in Great Britain and communities within the United States, such as Columbia, Maryland. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries nine is titled Media and is dated from 1960 to 2003. The series is contained in boxes 11 and 12. The series is comprised of negatives, slides, photographs, videotapes and a single reel. The videotapes are mostly interviews with Robert E. Simon Jr. about Reston. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries ten is titled Oversize and is dated from 1960 to 2006. The series is contained in boxes 13 through 15. The series is mostly newsclippings from the 1960s and more recent magazine publications from the twenty-first century. The articles all relate to Reston and the developments there. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert E. Simon Jr. Papers are comprised of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications and scrapbooks. Robert E. Simon Jr. included in his donation his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","Series one is titled correspondence and is dated from 1975 to 2001. The series is small and is only in box 1. Some of the correspondence is between Robert E. Simon Jr. and Martha Pennino. Also included in the series are invitations for various speaking engagements.","Series two is titled Reston General Information and is dated from 1960 to 1990. The series is contained within boxes 1 through 4. In this series there are various documents from Reston, including promotional material, newsclippings and zoning information.","Series three is titled Reston Community Centers and is dated from 1963 to 1991. The series is contained in box 4. The series is information from different organizations in Reston such as North Golf Course and Reston Day Care.","Series four is titled Reston Finance and is dated from 1963 to 1976. The series is contained in boxes 4 and 5. The series is general information on the finances of Reston. Included in the series are documents on taxes, consulting firms and various other sources.","Series five is titled Building Projects and is dated from 1961 to 1975. The series is contained in boxes 5 and 6. The series has information dealing with different projects in Reston from various architectural firms and other corporations involved in the projects.","Series six is titled National File and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 6 and 7. The series includes information from national organizations such as the League of Women Voters and Housing and Urban Development (HUD).","Series seven is titled Conferences and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 7 through 10. The information in this series is from various conferences that Robert E. Simon Jr. attended during these years. Included are Harvard University, Columbia University and other universities in the United States that had conferences relating to Planned Communities.","Series eight is titled Planned Communities and is dated from 1962 to 1975. The series contained in boxes 10 and 11. The documents in this series is information from different planned communities. There are international communities in Great Britain and communities within the United States, such as Columbia, Maryland.","Series nine is titled Media and is dated from 1960 to 2003. The series is contained in boxes 11 and 12. The series is comprised of negatives, slides, photographs, videotapes and a single reel. The videotapes are mostly interviews with Robert E. Simon Jr. about Reston.","Series ten is titled Oversize and is dated from 1960 to 2006. The series is contained in boxes 13 through 15. The series is mostly newsclippings from the 1960s and more recent magazine publications from the twenty-first century. The articles all relate to Reston and the developments there."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bc6c98b4282fdf7c19eb957f99973d1a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"names_coll_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":318,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_94.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers","title_ssm":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960 - 2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960 - 2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006"],"text":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006","C0162","/repositories/2/resources/94","Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History","Housing","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Slides (Photography)","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into 10 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence, 1975-2001 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Reston General Information, 1960-1990 (Boxes 1-4)\n      Series 3: Reston Community Centers, 1963-1991 (Box 4)\n      Series 4: Reston Finance, 1963-1976 (Boxes 4-5)\n      Series 5: Building Projects, 1961-1975 (Boxes 5-6)\n      Series 6: National File, 1964-1987 (Boxes 6-7)\n      Series 7: Conferences, 1964-1987 (Boxes 7-10)\n      Series 8: Planned Communities, 1962-1975 (Boxes 10-11)\n      Series 9: Media, 1960-2003 (Boxes 11-12)\n      Series 10: Oversize, 1960-2006 (Boxes 13-15)","Robert E. Simon, Jr., was born in New York City in 1914. After graduating from Harvard, Simon took over the family real estate management and development business. In 1961, with the proceeds from the sale of a family property, Carnegie Hall, Simon purchased 6,750 acres of land in Fairfax County, Virginia, which would become Reston, Virginia. Reston is now recognized as the foremost Planned Community in the United States. Simon's Planned Community, or new town, emphasized the quality of life for the individual and provided a community where people could live, work, and play.","The Robert E. Simon Jr. papers was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. In 2009 the documents were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in March and April 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the  and Northern Virginia.","The Robert E. Simon Jr. Papers are comprised of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications and scrapbooks. Robert E. Simon Jr. included in his donation his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","Series one is titled correspondence and is dated from 1975 to 2001. The series is small and is only in box 1. Some of the correspondence is between Robert E. Simon Jr. and Martha Pennino. Also included in the series are invitations for various speaking engagements.","Series two is titled Reston General Information and is dated from 1960 to 1990. The series is contained within boxes 1 through 4. In this series there are various documents from Reston, including promotional material, newsclippings and zoning information.","Series three is titled Reston Community Centers and is dated from 1963 to 1991. The series is contained in box 4. The series is information from different organizations in Reston such as North Golf Course and Reston Day Care.","Series four is titled Reston Finance and is dated from 1963 to 1976. The series is contained in boxes 4 and 5. The series is general information on the finances of Reston. Included in the series are documents on taxes, consulting firms and various other sources.","Series five is titled Building Projects and is dated from 1961 to 1975. The series is contained in boxes 5 and 6. The series has information dealing with different projects in Reston from various architectural firms and other corporations involved in the projects.","Series six is titled National File and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 6 and 7. The series includes information from national organizations such as the League of Women Voters and Housing and Urban Development (HUD).","Series seven is titled Conferences and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 7 through 10. The information in this series is from various conferences that Robert E. Simon Jr. attended during these years. Included are Harvard University, Columbia University and other universities in the United States that had conferences relating to Planned Communities.","Series eight is titled Planned Communities and is dated from 1962 to 1975. The series contained in boxes 10 and 11. The documents in this series is information from different planned communities. There are international communities in Great Britain and communities within the United States, such as Columbia, Maryland.","Series nine is titled Media and is dated from 1960 to 2003. The series is contained in boxes 11 and 12. The series is comprised of negatives, slides, photographs, videotapes and a single reel. The videotapes are mostly interviews with Robert E. Simon Jr. about Reston.","Series ten is titled Oversize and is dated from 1960 to 2006. The series is contained in boxes 13 through 15. The series is mostly newsclippings from the 1960s and more recent magazine publications from the twenty-first century. The articles all relate to Reston and the developments there.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, 1960/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0162","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"unitid_tesim":["C0162","/repositories/2/resources/94"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Reston (Va.)","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Reston (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Robert E. Simon Jr. in three section first on May 7, 1992, second on August 9, 1993 and the final donation was made on September 15, 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Housing","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Slides (Photography)","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Housing","Photography -- Negatives","Planned communities -- Virginia -- Reston","Slides (Photography)","Planned communities","Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","Video recordings","Oral histories","Correspondence","Newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into 10 series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1975-2001 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Reston General Information, 1960-1990 (Boxes 1-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Reston Community Centers, 1963-1991 (Box 4)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Reston Finance, 1963-1976 (Boxes 4-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Building Projects, 1961-1975 (Boxes 5-6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: National File, 1964-1987 (Boxes 6-7)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Conferences, 1964-1987 (Boxes 7-10)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Planned Communities, 1962-1975 (Boxes 10-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Media, 1960-2003 (Boxes 11-12)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Oversize, 1960-2006 (Boxes 13-15)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into 10 series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence, 1975-2001 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Reston General Information, 1960-1990 (Boxes 1-4)\n      Series 3: Reston Community Centers, 1963-1991 (Box 4)\n      Series 4: Reston Finance, 1963-1976 (Boxes 4-5)\n      Series 5: Building Projects, 1961-1975 (Boxes 5-6)\n      Series 6: National File, 1964-1987 (Boxes 6-7)\n      Series 7: Conferences, 1964-1987 (Boxes 7-10)\n      Series 8: Planned Communities, 1962-1975 (Boxes 10-11)\n      Series 9: Media, 1960-2003 (Boxes 11-12)\n      Series 10: Oversize, 1960-2006 (Boxes 13-15)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Simon, Jr., was born in New York City in 1914. After graduating from Harvard, Simon took over the family real estate management and development business. In 1961, with the proceeds from the sale of a family property, Carnegie Hall, Simon purchased 6,750 acres of land in Fairfax County, Virginia, which would become Reston, Virginia. Reston is now recognized as the foremost Planned Community in the United States. Simon's Planned Community, or new town, emphasized the quality of life for the individual and provided a community where people could live, work, and play.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr., was born in New York City in 1914. After graduating from Harvard, Simon took over the family real estate management and development business. In 1961, with the proceeds from the sale of a family property, Carnegie Hall, Simon purchased 6,750 acres of land in Fairfax County, Virginia, which would become Reston, Virginia. Reston is now recognized as the foremost Planned Community in the United States. Simon's Planned Community, or new town, emphasized the quality of life for the individual and provided a community where people could live, work, and play."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert E. Simon, Jr. papers, C0162, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert E. Simon, Jr. papers, C0162, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert E. Simon Jr. papers was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. In 2009 the documents were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed in March and April 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Robert E. Simon Jr. papers was originally attached to the larger Planned Community Archives collection currently in the Special Collections Research Center. In 2009 the documents were removed and organized into a separate collection still housed in the Special Collections Research Center at George Mason University Libraries. The old box and folder numbers are also included as part of the new arrangement.","Processed in March and April 2009 by Emily Martin. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"history of Reston\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026amp;op%5B%5D=\u0026amp;q%5B%5D=reston\u0026amp;limit=\u0026amp;field%5B%5D=\u0026amp;from_year%5B%5D=\u0026amp;to_year%5B%5D=\u0026amp;commit=Search\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on the  and Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Robert E. Simon Jr. Papers are comprised of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications and scrapbooks. Robert E. Simon Jr. included in his donation his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries one is titled correspondence and is dated from 1975 to 2001. The series is small and is only in box 1. Some of the correspondence is between Robert E. Simon Jr. and Martha Pennino. Also included in the series are invitations for various speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries two is titled Reston General Information and is dated from 1960 to 1990. The series is contained within boxes 1 through 4. In this series there are various documents from Reston, including promotional material, newsclippings and zoning information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries three is titled Reston Community Centers and is dated from 1963 to 1991. The series is contained in box 4. The series is information from different organizations in Reston such as North Golf Course and Reston Day Care. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries four is titled Reston Finance and is dated from 1963 to 1976. The series is contained in boxes 4 and 5. The series is general information on the finances of Reston. Included in the series are documents on taxes, consulting firms and various other sources. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries five is titled Building Projects and is dated from 1961 to 1975. The series is contained in boxes 5 and 6. The series has information dealing with different projects in Reston from various architectural firms and other corporations involved in the projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries six is titled National File and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 6 and 7. The series includes information from national organizations such as the League of Women Voters and Housing and Urban Development (HUD). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries seven is titled Conferences and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 7 through 10. The information in this series is from various conferences that Robert E. Simon Jr. attended during these years. Included are Harvard University, Columbia University and other universities in the United States that had conferences relating to Planned Communities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries eight is titled Planned Communities and is dated from 1962 to 1975. The series contained in boxes 10 and 11. The documents in this series is information from different planned communities. There are international communities in Great Britain and communities within the United States, such as Columbia, Maryland. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries nine is titled Media and is dated from 1960 to 2003. The series is contained in boxes 11 and 12. The series is comprised of negatives, slides, photographs, videotapes and a single reel. The videotapes are mostly interviews with Robert E. Simon Jr. about Reston. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries ten is titled Oversize and is dated from 1960 to 2006. The series is contained in boxes 13 through 15. The series is mostly newsclippings from the 1960s and more recent magazine publications from the twenty-first century. The articles all relate to Reston and the developments there. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Robert E. Simon Jr. Papers are comprised of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications and scrapbooks. Robert E. Simon Jr. included in his donation his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.","Series one is titled correspondence and is dated from 1975 to 2001. The series is small and is only in box 1. Some of the correspondence is between Robert E. Simon Jr. and Martha Pennino. Also included in the series are invitations for various speaking engagements.","Series two is titled Reston General Information and is dated from 1960 to 1990. The series is contained within boxes 1 through 4. In this series there are various documents from Reston, including promotional material, newsclippings and zoning information.","Series three is titled Reston Community Centers and is dated from 1963 to 1991. The series is contained in box 4. The series is information from different organizations in Reston such as North Golf Course and Reston Day Care.","Series four is titled Reston Finance and is dated from 1963 to 1976. The series is contained in boxes 4 and 5. The series is general information on the finances of Reston. Included in the series are documents on taxes, consulting firms and various other sources.","Series five is titled Building Projects and is dated from 1961 to 1975. The series is contained in boxes 5 and 6. The series has information dealing with different projects in Reston from various architectural firms and other corporations involved in the projects.","Series six is titled National File and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 6 and 7. The series includes information from national organizations such as the League of Women Voters and Housing and Urban Development (HUD).","Series seven is titled Conferences and is dated from 1964 to 1987. The series is contained in boxes 7 through 10. The information in this series is from various conferences that Robert E. Simon Jr. attended during these years. Included are Harvard University, Columbia University and other universities in the United States that had conferences relating to Planned Communities.","Series eight is titled Planned Communities and is dated from 1962 to 1975. The series contained in boxes 10 and 11. The documents in this series is information from different planned communities. There are international communities in Great Britain and communities within the United States, such as Columbia, Maryland.","Series nine is titled Media and is dated from 1960 to 2003. The series is contained in boxes 11 and 12. The series is comprised of negatives, slides, photographs, videotapes and a single reel. The videotapes are mostly interviews with Robert E. Simon Jr. about Reston.","Series ten is titled Oversize and is dated from 1960 to 2006. The series is contained in boxes 13 through 15. The series is mostly newsclippings from the 1960s and more recent magazine publications from the twenty-first century. The articles all relate to Reston and the developments there."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bc6c98b4282fdf7c19eb957f99973d1a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection consists of newsclippings, promotional material and booklets relating to Reston. Also included are printed material, publications, scrapbooks, and his speeches and paperwork from various conferences he attended at different universities around the country."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"names_coll_ssim":["Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Simon, Robert E., Jr. (Robert Edward), 1914-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":318,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_94"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Graves, Robert, 1895-1985","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1274.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Graves, Robert, Letters","title_ssm":["Robert Graves Letters"],"title_tesim":["Robert Graves Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962-1970, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-1970, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1962/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970"],"text":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970","Ms.1972.008","Authors, English -- 20th century","British literature","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","Robert Graves was a British poet, novelist, critic, and translator. Graves was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895. Over the course of his lengthy career, he he published  fifty-five collections of poetry, fifteen novels (including I, Claudius in 1934), ten translations, and forty works of nonfiction, autobiography, and literary essays. He spent much of the middle of his life in Majorca and the United States, he eventually returned to England and taught at Oxford. Graves died in 1985.","The guide to the Robert Graves Letters by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert Graves Letters was completed in 1972. Additional description was completed in March 2011.","The collection involves five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Mallorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves. Robert Graves' letters are mostly in response to other correspondence. He discusses his own writing, though not in great detail.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the WATCH File for Robert Graves for information on potential rights holders.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Graves, Robert, 1895-1985","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1972.008"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1972.008"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"creator_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the WATCH File for Robert Graves for information on potential rights holders.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert Graves Letters were purchased by Special Collections in September 1972."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, English -- 20th century","British literature","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, English -- 20th century","British literature","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["British literature","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Graves was a British poet, novelist, critic, and translator. Graves was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895. Over the course of his lengthy career, he he published  fifty-five collections of poetry, fifteen novels (including \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eI, Claudius\u003c/emph\u003e in 1934), ten translations, and forty works of nonfiction, autobiography, and literary essays. He spent much of the middle of his life in Majorca and the United States, he eventually returned to England and taught at Oxford. Graves died in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Graves was a British poet, novelist, critic, and translator. Graves was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895. Over the course of his lengthy career, he he published  fifty-five collections of poetry, fifteen novels (including I, Claudius in 1934), ten translations, and forty works of nonfiction, autobiography, and literary essays. He spent much of the middle of his life in Majorca and the United States, he eventually returned to England and taught at Oxford. Graves died in 1985."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert Graves Letters by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert Graves Letters by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert Graves Letters, Ms1972-008, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert Graves Letters, Ms1972-008, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert Graves Letters was completed in 1972. Additional description was completed in March 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert Graves Letters was completed in 1972. Additional description was completed in March 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection involves five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Mallorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves. Robert Graves' letters are mostly in response to other correspondence. He discusses his own writing, though not in great detail.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection involves five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Mallorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves. Robert Graves' letters are mostly in response to other correspondence. He discusses his own writing, though not in great detail."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/contact_list.cfm?ArtistID=869\"\u003eWATCH File for Robert Graves\u003c/a\u003e for information on potential rights holders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the WATCH File for Robert Graves for information on potential rights holders.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf3d01229f9d7eb21cd6aa554f4f5f12\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:13.394Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1274.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Graves, Robert, Letters","title_ssm":["Robert Graves Letters"],"title_tesim":["Robert Graves Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962-1970, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-1970, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1962/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970"],"text":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970","Ms.1972.008","Authors, English -- 20th century","British literature","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","Robert Graves was a British poet, novelist, critic, and translator. Graves was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895. Over the course of his lengthy career, he he published  fifty-five collections of poetry, fifteen novels (including I, Claudius in 1934), ten translations, and forty works of nonfiction, autobiography, and literary essays. He spent much of the middle of his life in Majorca and the United States, he eventually returned to England and taught at Oxford. Graves died in 1985.","The guide to the Robert Graves Letters by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert Graves Letters was completed in 1972. Additional description was completed in March 2011.","The collection involves five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Mallorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves. Robert Graves' letters are mostly in response to other correspondence. He discusses his own writing, though not in great detail.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the WATCH File for Robert Graves for information on potential rights holders.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Graves, Robert, 1895-1985","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Graves Letters, 1962/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1972.008"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1972.008"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"creator_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the WATCH File for Robert Graves for information on potential rights holders.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Robert Graves Letters were purchased by Special Collections in September 1972."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, English -- 20th century","British literature","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, English -- 20th century","British literature","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["British literature","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Graves was a British poet, novelist, critic, and translator. Graves was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895. Over the course of his lengthy career, he he published  fifty-five collections of poetry, fifteen novels (including \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eI, Claudius\u003c/emph\u003e in 1934), ten translations, and forty works of nonfiction, autobiography, and literary essays. He spent much of the middle of his life in Majorca and the United States, he eventually returned to England and taught at Oxford. Graves died in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Graves was a British poet, novelist, critic, and translator. Graves was born in Wimbledon, England, in 1895. Over the course of his lengthy career, he he published  fifty-five collections of poetry, fifteen novels (including I, Claudius in 1934), ten translations, and forty works of nonfiction, autobiography, and literary essays. He spent much of the middle of his life in Majorca and the United States, he eventually returned to England and taught at Oxford. Graves died in 1985."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Robert Graves Letters by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Robert Graves Letters by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert Graves Letters, Ms1972-008, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Robert Graves Letters, Ms1972-008, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert Graves Letters was completed in 1972. Additional description was completed in March 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Robert Graves Letters was completed in 1972. Additional description was completed in March 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection involves five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Mallorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves. Robert Graves' letters are mostly in response to other correspondence. He discusses his own writing, though not in great detail.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection involves five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Mallorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves. Robert Graves' letters are mostly in response to other correspondence. He discusses his own writing, though not in great detail."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/watch/contact_list.cfm?ArtistID=869\"\u003eWATCH File for Robert Graves\u003c/a\u003e for information on potential rights holders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. See the WATCH File for Robert Graves for information on potential rights holders.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf3d01229f9d7eb21cd6aa554f4f5f12\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains five letters, four from Robert Graves while in Majorca, Spain, and Oxford, England, and one to him from Melville Hardiment of London, with a note on it by Graves."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Graves, Robert, 1895-1985"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:13.394Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1274"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gaines, Francis Pendleton","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence between Robert Henry Tucker and Washington and Lee University presidents Henry Louis Smith, Francis Pendleton Gaines, and Fred C. Cole regarding university matters. It also contains information about Tucker's tenure as chairman of the Industrial Commission of Virginia (1918-1919) and his work with the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce and other organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_540.xml","title_ssm":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1918-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1918-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967"],"text":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967","WLU.Coll.0332","/repositories/5/resources/540","Correspondence","This collection includes correspondence between Robert Henry Tucker and Washington and Lee University presidents Henry Louis Smith, Francis Pendleton Gaines, and Fred C. Cole regarding university matters.  It also contains information about Tucker's tenure as chairman of the Industrial Commission of Virginia (1918-1919) and his work with the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce and other organizations.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Industrial Commission of Virginia","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce","Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0332","/repositories/5/resources/540"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0332","/repositories/5/resources/540"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry"],"creator_ssim":["Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Industrial Commission of Virginia","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce"],"creators_ssim":["Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Industrial Commission of Virginia","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Robert Henry Tucker Papers, WLU Coll. 0332, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Robert Henry Tucker Papers, WLU Coll. 0332, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VAIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes correspondence between Robert Henry Tucker and Washington and Lee University presidents Henry Louis Smith, Francis Pendleton Gaines, and Fred C. Cole regarding university matters.  It also contains information about Tucker's tenure as chairman of the Industrial Commission of Virginia (1918-1919) and his work with the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce and other organizations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes correspondence between Robert Henry Tucker and Washington and Lee University presidents Henry Louis Smith, Francis Pendleton Gaines, and Fred C. Cole regarding university matters.  It also contains information about Tucker's tenure as chairman of the Industrial Commission of Virginia (1918-1919) and his work with the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce and other organizations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Industrial Commission of Virginia","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University","Industrial Commission of Virginia","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce"],"persname_ssim":["Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University","Industrial Commission of Virginia","Virginia State Chamber of Commerce","Gaines, Francis Pendleton","Cole, Fred Carrington","Smith, Henry Louis","Tucker, Robert Henry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:20.627Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_540.xml","title_ssm":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Inclusive 1918-1967"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Inclusive 1918-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967"],"text":["Robert Henry Tucker Papers, 1918/1967","WLU.Coll.0332","/repositories/5/resources/540","Correspondence","This collection includes correspondence between Robert Henry Tucker and Washington and Lee University presidents Henry Louis Smith, Francis Pendleton Gaines, and Fred C. Cole regarding university matters.  It also contains information about Tucker's tenure as chairman of the Industrial Commission of Virginia (1918-1919) and his work with the Virginia State Chamber of Commerce and other organizations.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".2 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".2 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Robert Henry Tucker Papers, WLU Coll. 0332, Special Collections and Archives, James G. 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The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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