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Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge C. Tyler Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George C. Tyler Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1840-1863, of Doctor George C. Tyler, Accomack County, Va. Includes two letters, 1860, from his cousin George] B. Fosque writing about student life at the College of William and Mary; and accounts, 1840-1863, of Doctor George C. Tyler.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1840-1863, of Doctor George C. Tyler, Accomack County, Va. Includes two letters, 1860, from his cousin George] B. Fosque writing about student life at the College of William and Mary; and accounts, 1840-1863, of Doctor George C. Tyler."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1897"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2490#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2490#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2490#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2490.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Holmes, George Frederick Papers","title_ssm":["George Frederick Holmes Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1790-1898","1842-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1790-1898"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1842-1887"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"text":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887","Mss. 65 H73","/repositories/2/resources/2490","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","University of Mississippi--History--19th century","University of Virginia--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","George Frederick Holmes was born August 2, 1820 at Straebrock, Demerara, British Guiana, the son of Mary Anne Pemberton Holmes and Joseph Henry Herndon Holmes. He married Eliza Lavalette Floyd, sister of John Buchanan Floyd. He was appointed professor of ancient languages at Richmond College in 1845 and in 1847, he was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. In 1848, he was chosen the first president of the University of Mississippi. He was recalled to Virginia due to the illness of a family member, suffered an accident, and never returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Holmes was called to the University of Virginia and spent the rest of his life there until his death November 4, 1897.","Eliza Lavalette (Floyd) Holmes is the wife of George Frederick Holmes.","Processed by Tim Silver in 1980.","The papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.","Comments on leaving his purse at home and asks Francis to retrieve it and bring it to Botetourt Co., Va.; and discusses his trip, notes that there have been no accidents.","Discusses Francis' plan to sell a portion of his land known as \"mouth of Kentucky\", and informs Francis of a letter from \"the governor\" regarding a memorial battle for General William Campbell in which Francis is to participate.","Comments on Francis' upcoming trip to \"the springs\" and expresses her hope that he can take a \"sea voyage\"; and other family news.","Regarding a recommendation of Holmes to Earl Brownlow.","William advises Joseph of Major General Murray's assent to 'admitting the child to internment in the military burial ground'.","Stating that he wishes to be numbered among those who will refute \"the calumnies against our so greatly injured colony.\"","Invitation to Dr. and Miss Pemberton to attend a ceremony for the \"laying of the foundation stone of the new harbor.\"","Comments on Mr. Bryant's application for bounty land; discusses the Stansberry case, noting his displeasure at the House's actions and criticizing Andrew Jackson.","Concerning \"young Mr. Johnston's\" appointment to the military academy; notes that he can do nothing at present, but promises \"an impartial and as favorable consideration as circumstances will permit when a vacancy shall happen.\"","An invitation to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes for a visit and congratulating Eliza on her marriage; asks for \"particulars\" of Letitia Preston Floyd's son; and comments on the welfare of Eliza's brother and the dry weather.","Discusses books to be sent to Holmes and possible collaboration on an article for the Southern Quarterly Review.","Regarding some scab samples [requested by Holmes?] and expressing sympathy for the loss of [Holmes?] child.","Congratulates Holmes on his recent articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and comments on the superiority of an English education.","Explains Hardemann's busy schedule; broaches the idea of creating, with Holmes, a \"seminary of a high order\"; asks about Holmes' German studies and comments on Hardemann's new child.","Details the new act of Parliament entitled \"An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade.\"","States that he has never dissected Negroes and whites to determine the differences between the races; informs Holmes that others who have researched the question \"do not class the negro in the lowest scale of moral and intellectual beings.\"","Praises Holmes' work and advocates nationality in literature; expresses his belief that \"America has always imitated the minor English writers and has always been ready to fly at the latest prevailing English poet\"; and further laments the inadequacies of the American public mind.","Asks about Holmes \"condition,\" salary; requests a list of Holmes' articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and other journals.","Recommends George Frederick Holmes for a chair in logic and history.","Informs Holmes that Holmes' election (to the faculty of South Carolina?)] is \"very doubtful.\"","Requests certain testimonials which Holmes had secured from Preston; notifies Holmes that the election to the chair (at the College of William and Mary)] \"will take place in 10 days or two weeks\"; and assures Holmes that he is still being considered.","Letter from General. David Flavel Jamison, Orangeburg, S.C., to Professor George Frederick Holmes, Williamsburg, Va. Lists his reasons for not writing sooner; notes that cotton in Orangeburg is \"not worth gathering\"; informs Holmes that William Campbell Preston is not well' and news of other friends.","Requests that Holmes help him \"raise this Academy to some higher order of school or even, with the help of Legislative funds to that of a college.\"","Informs Holmes that he will not visit Williamsburg in the near future: regrets \"the occurrances of difficulties at William and Mary which induced you to resign your professorship in that institution\"; and expresses his high opinion of the College of William and Mary.","Comments that, in his opinion, Congress will not adjourn before August; regrets that he cannot commit himself to take Mrs. Holmes to the mountains; notes that he is tired of the life of a Congressman and \"should like to be free once more.\"","Advising Holmes that he has deposited thirty dollars to Holmes' credit in the Virginia Bank at Richmond.","Expresses his gratification at Holmes' acceptance of the apppointment as President of the University of Mississippi; requests Holmes' presence at a meeting on the \"3rd Mmonday of October\" in order that Holmes may advise the trustees on the course of study, text books, and the proper preparation for the admittance into the college; notes that he has dispelled rumors that Holmes intended to accept his \"late place at William and Mary and decline the Presidency of our College\"; urges Holmes to persuade Dr. Millington not to sell his apparatus cabinet of minerals to the College of William and Mary, but instead to bring it to Mississippi.","Expresses his opinion that Holmes' return to Virginia will be beneficial; advises Holmes that he is packing Holmes' books and possessions to send to him in Virginia.","Comments on the prospects of obtaining his remaining salary from Mississippi; asks about the possibility of being commissioned as a Bearer of Dispatches so that he may go to England to visit his family; mentions a plan for writing a history of the Indian War; notes the poor state of affairs at the College of William and Mary and the impact of the \"d----d foreigners\" upon the College.","The cover is dated simply as April 13.","Advises Holmes on the possibilities of his appointment to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.]; thinks Holmes' chances are good.","States that the election of professors was postponed until September and \"a later period\", discusses a letter of recommendation for Holmes; comments on \"an obituary of a poor old Judge Christian\" and family news.","Acknowledging Holmes' prompt reply to Hope's \"application\"; asks whether or not E.J. Trelawny wrote \"Adventures of a Younger Son.\"","Requesting that Holmes write an article on Sir William Hamilton for the cyclopaedia.","Discusses his plan to purchase \"Mr. Holcombe's house\"; describes a commencement speech given at South Carolina College that \"was disgusting even to the fire-eaters.\"","Describes the circumstances surrounding his capture, his condition, and the regulations governing prisoner of war correspondence.","Explains that Edward is well and in need of little except tobacco; relates his hope of being allowed to return to England and describes the condition of several other prisoners.","Accepts Holmes' offer of his home as a place of residence during Breckinridge's upcoming commencement address at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; discusses his latest railroad project.","Letter written in Spanish.","Comments on newspaper articles unfavorable to both Holmes and Minnigerode; notes that one of the articles quoted Holmes as saying \"I have learning enough for 3 men in this country.\"","Requests certain testimonials; comments on a carriage accident that confined him to bed; expresses his bitterness over his \"defeat at the University\"; discusses his book and its success.","Explains the success of Sabatier's book on the life of St. Francis of Assisi ([in French, translation included).","States that he will attempt to interest the board of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. in a salary increase for William Howard] Perkinson.","Regrets that he is unable to accept an invitation to visit the University on June 14, 1898.","Declines an invitation to attend an inauguration for new buildings at the University on June 14, 1898.","Notes that advanced age and ill health will prevent Squibb from attending the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the university on 14 June 14, 1898.","Regrets that he cannot attend the inauguration of the new buildings at the University.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Copies of two 1809 indentures between Richard Clay of Sunderland in the County of Palatine of Durham, England and George Anderson of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, George Pemberton, residing at number 2 Things Street, Portman Square, concerning the marriage of Penelope Pemberton.","Leaving his estate to his wife Letitia Preston Floyd for her to administer as \"she thinks proper for her support and that of the children\"; witnessed by Cyrus Robinson and James H. Piper.","Written in Spanish.","Dated and signed by George Frederick Holmes, Fredericksburg, Va.","The gilt-edged album contains the following: miscellaneous portrait and landscape engravings; leaves of various plants, some indigenous to South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, and some being from family members' graves, giving genealogical information; poems; newspaper clippings; and a memorial inscription to her son, John Floyd Holmes (1847-1848) and an ink drawing of his gravesite in the family burial grounds of Robert Saunders, President of the College of William and Mary, done by Thomas] C. Millington.","Two copies in George Frederick Holme's handwriting. The \"Aunt\" is likely Elizabeth Pemberton.","Discussing the tithe system and its use by the Roman Catholic Church in England, by Joseph Henry Hendon Holmes.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"collection_ssim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 H73","/repositories/2/resources/2490"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 H73","/repositories/2/resources/2490"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868"],"creator_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Miss Constance Moore (1/26/1942) and a gift of J. D. Carneal (Sept. 1952)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","University of Mississippi--History--19th century","University of Virginia--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","University of Mississippi--History--19th century","University of Virginia--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Frederick Holmes was born August 2, 1820 at Straebrock, Demerara, British Guiana, the son of Mary Anne Pemberton Holmes and Joseph Henry Herndon Holmes. He married Eliza Lavalette Floyd, sister of John Buchanan Floyd. He was appointed professor of ancient languages at Richmond College in 1845 and in 1847, he was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. In 1848, he was chosen the first president of the University of Mississippi. He was recalled to Virginia due to the illness of a family member, suffered an accident, and never returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Holmes was called to the University of Virginia and spent the rest of his life there until his death November 4, 1897.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eEliza Lavalette (Floyd) Holmes is the wife of George Frederick Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes was born August 2, 1820 at Straebrock, Demerara, British Guiana, the son of Mary Anne Pemberton Holmes and Joseph Henry Herndon Holmes. He married Eliza Lavalette Floyd, sister of John Buchanan Floyd. He was appointed professor of ancient languages at Richmond College in 1845 and in 1847, he was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. In 1848, he was chosen the first president of the University of Mississippi. He was recalled to Virginia due to the illness of a family member, suffered an accident, and never returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Holmes was called to the University of Virginia and spent the rest of his life there until his death November 4, 1897.","Eliza Lavalette (Floyd) Holmes is the wife of George Frederick Holmes."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Frederick Holmes Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Tim Silver in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Tim Silver in 1980."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eComments on leaving his purse at home and asks Francis to retrieve it and bring it to Botetourt Co., Va.; and discusses his trip, notes that there have been no accidents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses Francis' plan to sell a portion of his land known as \"mouth of Kentucky\", and informs Francis of a letter from \"the governor\" regarding a memorial battle for General William Campbell in which Francis is to participate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on Francis' upcoming trip to \"the springs\" and expresses her hope that he can take a \"sea voyage\"; and other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding a recommendation of Holmes to Earl Brownlow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam advises Joseph of Major General Murray's assent to 'admitting the child to internment in the military burial ground'.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStating that he wishes to be numbered among those who will refute \"the calumnies against our so greatly injured colony.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation to Dr. and Miss Pemberton to attend a ceremony for the \"laying of the foundation stone of the new harbor.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on Mr. Bryant's application for bounty land; discusses the Stansberry case, noting his displeasure at the House's actions and criticizing Andrew Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning \"young Mr. Johnston's\" appointment to the military academy; notes that he can do nothing at present, but promises \"an impartial and as favorable consideration as circumstances will permit when a vacancy shall happen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn invitation to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes for a visit and congratulating Eliza on her marriage; asks for \"particulars\" of Letitia Preston Floyd's son; and comments on the welfare of Eliza's brother and the dry weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses books to be sent to Holmes and possible collaboration on an article for the Southern Quarterly Review.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding some scab samples [requested by Holmes?] and expressing sympathy for the loss of [Holmes?] child.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulates Holmes on his recent articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and comments on the superiority of an English education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains Hardemann's busy schedule; broaches the idea of creating, with Holmes, a \"seminary of a high order\"; asks about Holmes' German studies and comments on Hardemann's new child.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetails the new act of Parliament entitled \"An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he has never dissected Negroes and whites to determine the differences between the races; informs Holmes that others who have researched the question \"do not class the negro in the lowest scale of moral and intellectual beings.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePraises Holmes' work and advocates nationality in literature; expresses his belief that \"America has always imitated the minor English writers and has always been ready to fly at the latest prevailing English poet\"; and further laments the inadequacies of the American public mind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks about Holmes \"condition,\" salary; requests a list of Holmes' articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and other journals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends George Frederick Holmes for a chair in logic and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Holmes that Holmes' election (to the faculty of South Carolina?)] is \"very doubtful.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests certain testimonials which Holmes had secured from Preston; notifies Holmes that the election to the chair (at the College of William and Mary)] \"will take place in 10 days or two weeks\"; and assures Holmes that he is still being considered.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from General. David Flavel Jamison, Orangeburg, S.C., to Professor George Frederick Holmes, Williamsburg, Va. Lists his reasons for not writing sooner; notes that cotton in Orangeburg is \"not worth gathering\"; informs Holmes that William Campbell Preston is not well' and news of other friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests that Holmes help him \"raise this Academy to some higher order of school or even, with the help of Legislative funds to that of a college.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Holmes that he will not visit Williamsburg in the near future: regrets \"the occurrances of difficulties at William and Mary which induced you to resign your professorship in that institution\"; and expresses his high opinion of the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments that, in his opinion, Congress will not adjourn before August; regrets that he cannot commit himself to take Mrs. Holmes to the mountains; notes that he is tired of the life of a Congressman and \"should like to be free once more.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvising Holmes that he has deposited thirty dollars to Holmes' credit in the Virginia Bank at Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his gratification at Holmes' acceptance of the apppointment as President of the University of Mississippi; requests Holmes' presence at a meeting on the \"3rd Mmonday of October\" in order that Holmes may advise the trustees on the course of study, text books, and the proper preparation for the admittance into the college; notes that he has dispelled rumors that Holmes intended to accept his \"late place at William and Mary and decline the Presidency of our College\"; urges Holmes to persuade Dr. Millington not to sell his apparatus cabinet of minerals to the College of William and Mary, but instead to bring it to Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his opinion that Holmes' return to Virginia will be beneficial; advises Holmes that he is packing Holmes' books and possessions to send to him in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on the prospects of obtaining his remaining salary from Mississippi; asks about the possibility of being commissioned as a Bearer of Dispatches so that he may go to England to visit his family; mentions a plan for writing a history of the Indian War; notes the poor state of affairs at the College of William and Mary and the impact of the \"d----d foreigners\" upon the College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cover is dated simply as April 13.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvises Holmes on the possibilities of his appointment to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.]; thinks Holmes' chances are good.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that the election of professors was postponed until September and \"a later period\", discusses a letter of recommendation for Holmes; comments on \"an obituary of a poor old Judge Christian\" and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledging Holmes' prompt reply to Hope's \"application\"; asks whether or not E.J. Trelawny wrote \"Adventures of a Younger Son.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequesting that Holmes write an article on Sir William Hamilton for the cyclopaedia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses his plan to purchase \"Mr. Holcombe's house\"; describes a commencement speech given at South Carolina College that \"was disgusting even to the fire-eaters.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the circumstances surrounding his capture, his condition, and the regulations governing prisoner of war correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains that Edward is well and in need of little except tobacco; relates his hope of being allowed to return to England and describes the condition of several other prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccepts Holmes' offer of his home as a place of residence during Breckinridge's upcoming commencement address at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; discusses his latest railroad project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on newspaper articles unfavorable to both Holmes and Minnigerode; notes that one of the articles quoted Holmes as saying \"I have learning enough for 3 men in this country.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests certain testimonials; comments on a carriage accident that confined him to bed; expresses his bitterness over his \"defeat at the University\"; discusses his book and its success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains the success of Sabatier's book on the life of St. Francis of Assisi ([in French, translation included).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he will attempt to interest the board of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. in a salary increase for William Howard] Perkinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to accept an invitation to visit the University on June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines an invitation to attend an inauguration for new buildings at the University on June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes that advanced age and ill health will prevent Squibb from attending the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the university on 14 June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he cannot attend the inauguration of the new buildings at the University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of two 1809 indentures between Richard Clay of Sunderland in the County of Palatine of Durham, England and George Anderson of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, George Pemberton, residing at number 2 Things Street, Portman Square, concerning the marriage of Penelope Pemberton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeaving his estate to his wife Letitia Preston Floyd for her to administer as \"she thinks proper for her support and that of the children\"; witnessed by Cyrus Robinson and James H. Piper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDated and signed by George Frederick Holmes, Fredericksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe gilt-edged album contains the following: miscellaneous portrait and landscape engravings; leaves of various plants, some indigenous to South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, and some being from family members' graves, giving genealogical information; poems; newspaper clippings; and a memorial inscription to her son, John Floyd Holmes (1847-1848) and an ink drawing of his gravesite in the family burial grounds of Robert Saunders, President of the College of William and Mary, done by Thomas] C. Millington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo copies in George Frederick Holme's handwriting. The \"Aunt\" is likely Elizabeth Pemberton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscussing the tithe system and its use by the Roman Catholic Church in England, by Joseph Henry Hendon Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.","Comments on leaving his purse at home and asks Francis to retrieve it and bring it to Botetourt Co., Va.; and discusses his trip, notes that there have been no accidents.","Discusses Francis' plan to sell a portion of his land known as \"mouth of Kentucky\", and informs Francis of a letter from \"the governor\" regarding a memorial battle for General William Campbell in which Francis is to participate.","Comments on Francis' upcoming trip to \"the springs\" and expresses her hope that he can take a \"sea voyage\"; and other family news.","Regarding a recommendation of Holmes to Earl Brownlow.","William advises Joseph of Major General Murray's assent to 'admitting the child to internment in the military burial ground'.","Stating that he wishes to be numbered among those who will refute \"the calumnies against our so greatly injured colony.\"","Invitation to Dr. and Miss Pemberton to attend a ceremony for the \"laying of the foundation stone of the new harbor.\"","Comments on Mr. Bryant's application for bounty land; discusses the Stansberry case, noting his displeasure at the House's actions and criticizing Andrew Jackson.","Concerning \"young Mr. Johnston's\" appointment to the military academy; notes that he can do nothing at present, but promises \"an impartial and as favorable consideration as circumstances will permit when a vacancy shall happen.\"","An invitation to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes for a visit and congratulating Eliza on her marriage; asks for \"particulars\" of Letitia Preston Floyd's son; and comments on the welfare of Eliza's brother and the dry weather.","Discusses books to be sent to Holmes and possible collaboration on an article for the Southern Quarterly Review.","Regarding some scab samples [requested by Holmes?] and expressing sympathy for the loss of [Holmes?] child.","Congratulates Holmes on his recent articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and comments on the superiority of an English education.","Explains Hardemann's busy schedule; broaches the idea of creating, with Holmes, a \"seminary of a high order\"; asks about Holmes' German studies and comments on Hardemann's new child.","Details the new act of Parliament entitled \"An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade.\"","States that he has never dissected Negroes and whites to determine the differences between the races; informs Holmes that others who have researched the question \"do not class the negro in the lowest scale of moral and intellectual beings.\"","Praises Holmes' work and advocates nationality in literature; expresses his belief that \"America has always imitated the minor English writers and has always been ready to fly at the latest prevailing English poet\"; and further laments the inadequacies of the American public mind.","Asks about Holmes \"condition,\" salary; requests a list of Holmes' articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and other journals.","Recommends George Frederick Holmes for a chair in logic and history.","Informs Holmes that Holmes' election (to the faculty of South Carolina?)] is \"very doubtful.\"","Requests certain testimonials which Holmes had secured from Preston; notifies Holmes that the election to the chair (at the College of William and Mary)] \"will take place in 10 days or two weeks\"; and assures Holmes that he is still being considered.","Letter from General. David Flavel Jamison, Orangeburg, S.C., to Professor George Frederick Holmes, Williamsburg, Va. Lists his reasons for not writing sooner; notes that cotton in Orangeburg is \"not worth gathering\"; informs Holmes that William Campbell Preston is not well' and news of other friends.","Requests that Holmes help him \"raise this Academy to some higher order of school or even, with the help of Legislative funds to that of a college.\"","Informs Holmes that he will not visit Williamsburg in the near future: regrets \"the occurrances of difficulties at William and Mary which induced you to resign your professorship in that institution\"; and expresses his high opinion of the College of William and Mary.","Comments that, in his opinion, Congress will not adjourn before August; regrets that he cannot commit himself to take Mrs. Holmes to the mountains; notes that he is tired of the life of a Congressman and \"should like to be free once more.\"","Advising Holmes that he has deposited thirty dollars to Holmes' credit in the Virginia Bank at Richmond.","Expresses his gratification at Holmes' acceptance of the apppointment as President of the University of Mississippi; requests Holmes' presence at a meeting on the \"3rd Mmonday of October\" in order that Holmes may advise the trustees on the course of study, text books, and the proper preparation for the admittance into the college; notes that he has dispelled rumors that Holmes intended to accept his \"late place at William and Mary and decline the Presidency of our College\"; urges Holmes to persuade Dr. Millington not to sell his apparatus cabinet of minerals to the College of William and Mary, but instead to bring it to Mississippi.","Expresses his opinion that Holmes' return to Virginia will be beneficial; advises Holmes that he is packing Holmes' books and possessions to send to him in Virginia.","Comments on the prospects of obtaining his remaining salary from Mississippi; asks about the possibility of being commissioned as a Bearer of Dispatches so that he may go to England to visit his family; mentions a plan for writing a history of the Indian War; notes the poor state of affairs at the College of William and Mary and the impact of the \"d----d foreigners\" upon the College.","The cover is dated simply as April 13.","Advises Holmes on the possibilities of his appointment to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.]; thinks Holmes' chances are good.","States that the election of professors was postponed until September and \"a later period\", discusses a letter of recommendation for Holmes; comments on \"an obituary of a poor old Judge Christian\" and family news.","Acknowledging Holmes' prompt reply to Hope's \"application\"; asks whether or not E.J. Trelawny wrote \"Adventures of a Younger Son.\"","Requesting that Holmes write an article on Sir William Hamilton for the cyclopaedia.","Discusses his plan to purchase \"Mr. Holcombe's house\"; describes a commencement speech given at South Carolina College that \"was disgusting even to the fire-eaters.\"","Describes the circumstances surrounding his capture, his condition, and the regulations governing prisoner of war correspondence.","Explains that Edward is well and in need of little except tobacco; relates his hope of being allowed to return to England and describes the condition of several other prisoners.","Accepts Holmes' offer of his home as a place of residence during Breckinridge's upcoming commencement address at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; discusses his latest railroad project.","Letter written in Spanish.","Comments on newspaper articles unfavorable to both Holmes and Minnigerode; notes that one of the articles quoted Holmes as saying \"I have learning enough for 3 men in this country.\"","Requests certain testimonials; comments on a carriage accident that confined him to bed; expresses his bitterness over his \"defeat at the University\"; discusses his book and its success.","Explains the success of Sabatier's book on the life of St. Francis of Assisi ([in French, translation included).","States that he will attempt to interest the board of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. in a salary increase for William Howard] Perkinson.","Regrets that he is unable to accept an invitation to visit the University on June 14, 1898.","Declines an invitation to attend an inauguration for new buildings at the University on June 14, 1898.","Notes that advanced age and ill health will prevent Squibb from attending the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the university on 14 June 14, 1898.","Regrets that he cannot attend the inauguration of the new buildings at the University.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Copies of two 1809 indentures between Richard Clay of Sunderland in the County of Palatine of Durham, England and George Anderson of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, George Pemberton, residing at number 2 Things Street, Portman Square, concerning the marriage of Penelope Pemberton.","Leaving his estate to his wife Letitia Preston Floyd for her to administer as \"she thinks proper for her support and that of the children\"; witnessed by Cyrus Robinson and James H. Piper.","Written in Spanish.","Dated and signed by George Frederick Holmes, Fredericksburg, Va.","The gilt-edged album contains the following: miscellaneous portrait and landscape engravings; leaves of various plants, some indigenous to South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, and some being from family members' graves, giving genealogical information; poems; newspaper clippings; and a memorial inscription to her son, John Floyd Holmes (1847-1848) and an ink drawing of his gravesite in the family burial grounds of Robert Saunders, President of the College of William and Mary, done by Thomas] C. Millington.","Two copies in George Frederick Holme's handwriting. The \"Aunt\" is likely Elizabeth Pemberton.","Discussing the tithe system and its use by the Roman Catholic Church in England, by Joseph Henry Hendon Holmes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd"],"names_coll_ssim":["Holmes, John Floyd"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":81,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:54.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2490","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2490.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Holmes, George Frederick Papers","title_ssm":["George Frederick Holmes Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1790-1898","1842-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1790-1898"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1842-1887"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"text":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887","Mss. 65 H73","/repositories/2/resources/2490","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","University of Mississippi--History--19th century","University of Virginia--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","George Frederick Holmes was born August 2, 1820 at Straebrock, Demerara, British Guiana, the son of Mary Anne Pemberton Holmes and Joseph Henry Herndon Holmes. He married Eliza Lavalette Floyd, sister of John Buchanan Floyd. He was appointed professor of ancient languages at Richmond College in 1845 and in 1847, he was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. In 1848, he was chosen the first president of the University of Mississippi. He was recalled to Virginia due to the illness of a family member, suffered an accident, and never returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Holmes was called to the University of Virginia and spent the rest of his life there until his death November 4, 1897.","Eliza Lavalette (Floyd) Holmes is the wife of George Frederick Holmes.","Processed by Tim Silver in 1980.","The papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.","Comments on leaving his purse at home and asks Francis to retrieve it and bring it to Botetourt Co., Va.; and discusses his trip, notes that there have been no accidents.","Discusses Francis' plan to sell a portion of his land known as \"mouth of Kentucky\", and informs Francis of a letter from \"the governor\" regarding a memorial battle for General William Campbell in which Francis is to participate.","Comments on Francis' upcoming trip to \"the springs\" and expresses her hope that he can take a \"sea voyage\"; and other family news.","Regarding a recommendation of Holmes to Earl Brownlow.","William advises Joseph of Major General Murray's assent to 'admitting the child to internment in the military burial ground'.","Stating that he wishes to be numbered among those who will refute \"the calumnies against our so greatly injured colony.\"","Invitation to Dr. and Miss Pemberton to attend a ceremony for the \"laying of the foundation stone of the new harbor.\"","Comments on Mr. Bryant's application for bounty land; discusses the Stansberry case, noting his displeasure at the House's actions and criticizing Andrew Jackson.","Concerning \"young Mr. Johnston's\" appointment to the military academy; notes that he can do nothing at present, but promises \"an impartial and as favorable consideration as circumstances will permit when a vacancy shall happen.\"","An invitation to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes for a visit and congratulating Eliza on her marriage; asks for \"particulars\" of Letitia Preston Floyd's son; and comments on the welfare of Eliza's brother and the dry weather.","Discusses books to be sent to Holmes and possible collaboration on an article for the Southern Quarterly Review.","Regarding some scab samples [requested by Holmes?] and expressing sympathy for the loss of [Holmes?] child.","Congratulates Holmes on his recent articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and comments on the superiority of an English education.","Explains Hardemann's busy schedule; broaches the idea of creating, with Holmes, a \"seminary of a high order\"; asks about Holmes' German studies and comments on Hardemann's new child.","Details the new act of Parliament entitled \"An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade.\"","States that he has never dissected Negroes and whites to determine the differences between the races; informs Holmes that others who have researched the question \"do not class the negro in the lowest scale of moral and intellectual beings.\"","Praises Holmes' work and advocates nationality in literature; expresses his belief that \"America has always imitated the minor English writers and has always been ready to fly at the latest prevailing English poet\"; and further laments the inadequacies of the American public mind.","Asks about Holmes \"condition,\" salary; requests a list of Holmes' articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and other journals.","Recommends George Frederick Holmes for a chair in logic and history.","Informs Holmes that Holmes' election (to the faculty of South Carolina?)] is \"very doubtful.\"","Requests certain testimonials which Holmes had secured from Preston; notifies Holmes that the election to the chair (at the College of William and Mary)] \"will take place in 10 days or two weeks\"; and assures Holmes that he is still being considered.","Letter from General. David Flavel Jamison, Orangeburg, S.C., to Professor George Frederick Holmes, Williamsburg, Va. Lists his reasons for not writing sooner; notes that cotton in Orangeburg is \"not worth gathering\"; informs Holmes that William Campbell Preston is not well' and news of other friends.","Requests that Holmes help him \"raise this Academy to some higher order of school or even, with the help of Legislative funds to that of a college.\"","Informs Holmes that he will not visit Williamsburg in the near future: regrets \"the occurrances of difficulties at William and Mary which induced you to resign your professorship in that institution\"; and expresses his high opinion of the College of William and Mary.","Comments that, in his opinion, Congress will not adjourn before August; regrets that he cannot commit himself to take Mrs. Holmes to the mountains; notes that he is tired of the life of a Congressman and \"should like to be free once more.\"","Advising Holmes that he has deposited thirty dollars to Holmes' credit in the Virginia Bank at Richmond.","Expresses his gratification at Holmes' acceptance of the apppointment as President of the University of Mississippi; requests Holmes' presence at a meeting on the \"3rd Mmonday of October\" in order that Holmes may advise the trustees on the course of study, text books, and the proper preparation for the admittance into the college; notes that he has dispelled rumors that Holmes intended to accept his \"late place at William and Mary and decline the Presidency of our College\"; urges Holmes to persuade Dr. Millington not to sell his apparatus cabinet of minerals to the College of William and Mary, but instead to bring it to Mississippi.","Expresses his opinion that Holmes' return to Virginia will be beneficial; advises Holmes that he is packing Holmes' books and possessions to send to him in Virginia.","Comments on the prospects of obtaining his remaining salary from Mississippi; asks about the possibility of being commissioned as a Bearer of Dispatches so that he may go to England to visit his family; mentions a plan for writing a history of the Indian War; notes the poor state of affairs at the College of William and Mary and the impact of the \"d----d foreigners\" upon the College.","The cover is dated simply as April 13.","Advises Holmes on the possibilities of his appointment to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.]; thinks Holmes' chances are good.","States that the election of professors was postponed until September and \"a later period\", discusses a letter of recommendation for Holmes; comments on \"an obituary of a poor old Judge Christian\" and family news.","Acknowledging Holmes' prompt reply to Hope's \"application\"; asks whether or not E.J. Trelawny wrote \"Adventures of a Younger Son.\"","Requesting that Holmes write an article on Sir William Hamilton for the cyclopaedia.","Discusses his plan to purchase \"Mr. Holcombe's house\"; describes a commencement speech given at South Carolina College that \"was disgusting even to the fire-eaters.\"","Describes the circumstances surrounding his capture, his condition, and the regulations governing prisoner of war correspondence.","Explains that Edward is well and in need of little except tobacco; relates his hope of being allowed to return to England and describes the condition of several other prisoners.","Accepts Holmes' offer of his home as a place of residence during Breckinridge's upcoming commencement address at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; discusses his latest railroad project.","Letter written in Spanish.","Comments on newspaper articles unfavorable to both Holmes and Minnigerode; notes that one of the articles quoted Holmes as saying \"I have learning enough for 3 men in this country.\"","Requests certain testimonials; comments on a carriage accident that confined him to bed; expresses his bitterness over his \"defeat at the University\"; discusses his book and its success.","Explains the success of Sabatier's book on the life of St. Francis of Assisi ([in French, translation included).","States that he will attempt to interest the board of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. in a salary increase for William Howard] Perkinson.","Regrets that he is unable to accept an invitation to visit the University on June 14, 1898.","Declines an invitation to attend an inauguration for new buildings at the University on June 14, 1898.","Notes that advanced age and ill health will prevent Squibb from attending the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the university on 14 June 14, 1898.","Regrets that he cannot attend the inauguration of the new buildings at the University.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Copies of two 1809 indentures between Richard Clay of Sunderland in the County of Palatine of Durham, England and George Anderson of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, George Pemberton, residing at number 2 Things Street, Portman Square, concerning the marriage of Penelope Pemberton.","Leaving his estate to his wife Letitia Preston Floyd for her to administer as \"she thinks proper for her support and that of the children\"; witnessed by Cyrus Robinson and James H. Piper.","Written in Spanish.","Dated and signed by George Frederick Holmes, Fredericksburg, Va.","The gilt-edged album contains the following: miscellaneous portrait and landscape engravings; leaves of various plants, some indigenous to South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, and some being from family members' graves, giving genealogical information; poems; newspaper clippings; and a memorial inscription to her son, John Floyd Holmes (1847-1848) and an ink drawing of his gravesite in the family burial grounds of Robert Saunders, President of the College of William and Mary, done by Thomas] C. Millington.","Two copies in George Frederick Holme's handwriting. The \"Aunt\" is likely Elizabeth Pemberton.","Discussing the tithe system and its use by the Roman Catholic Church in England, by Joseph Henry Hendon Holmes.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"collection_ssim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, 1790/1898, bulk 1842/1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 H73","/repositories/2/resources/2490"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 H73","/repositories/2/resources/2490"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868"],"creator_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Miss Constance Moore (1/26/1942) and a gift of J. D. Carneal (Sept. 1952)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","University of Mississippi--History--19th century","University of Virginia--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","University of Mississippi--History--19th century","University of Virginia--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Frederick Holmes was born August 2, 1820 at Straebrock, Demerara, British Guiana, the son of Mary Anne Pemberton Holmes and Joseph Henry Herndon Holmes. He married Eliza Lavalette Floyd, sister of John Buchanan Floyd. He was appointed professor of ancient languages at Richmond College in 1845 and in 1847, he was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. In 1848, he was chosen the first president of the University of Mississippi. He was recalled to Virginia due to the illness of a family member, suffered an accident, and never returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Holmes was called to the University of Virginia and spent the rest of his life there until his death November 4, 1897.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eEliza Lavalette (Floyd) Holmes is the wife of George Frederick Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes was born August 2, 1820 at Straebrock, Demerara, British Guiana, the son of Mary Anne Pemberton Holmes and Joseph Henry Herndon Holmes. He married Eliza Lavalette Floyd, sister of John Buchanan Floyd. He was appointed professor of ancient languages at Richmond College in 1845 and in 1847, he was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. In 1848, he was chosen the first president of the University of Mississippi. He was recalled to Virginia due to the illness of a family member, suffered an accident, and never returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Holmes was called to the University of Virginia and spent the rest of his life there until his death November 4, 1897.","Eliza Lavalette (Floyd) Holmes is the wife of George Frederick Holmes."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Frederick Holmes Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Frederick Holmes Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Tim Silver in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Tim Silver in 1980."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eComments on leaving his purse at home and asks Francis to retrieve it and bring it to Botetourt Co., Va.; and discusses his trip, notes that there have been no accidents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses Francis' plan to sell a portion of his land known as \"mouth of Kentucky\", and informs Francis of a letter from \"the governor\" regarding a memorial battle for General William Campbell in which Francis is to participate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on Francis' upcoming trip to \"the springs\" and expresses her hope that he can take a \"sea voyage\"; and other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding a recommendation of Holmes to Earl Brownlow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam advises Joseph of Major General Murray's assent to 'admitting the child to internment in the military burial ground'.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStating that he wishes to be numbered among those who will refute \"the calumnies against our so greatly injured colony.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitation to Dr. and Miss Pemberton to attend a ceremony for the \"laying of the foundation stone of the new harbor.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on Mr. Bryant's application for bounty land; discusses the Stansberry case, noting his displeasure at the House's actions and criticizing Andrew Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning \"young Mr. Johnston's\" appointment to the military academy; notes that he can do nothing at present, but promises \"an impartial and as favorable consideration as circumstances will permit when a vacancy shall happen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn invitation to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes for a visit and congratulating Eliza on her marriage; asks for \"particulars\" of Letitia Preston Floyd's son; and comments on the welfare of Eliza's brother and the dry weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses books to be sent to Holmes and possible collaboration on an article for the Southern Quarterly Review.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding some scab samples [requested by Holmes?] and expressing sympathy for the loss of [Holmes?] child.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongratulates Holmes on his recent articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and comments on the superiority of an English education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains Hardemann's busy schedule; broaches the idea of creating, with Holmes, a \"seminary of a high order\"; asks about Holmes' German studies and comments on Hardemann's new child.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDetails the new act of Parliament entitled \"An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he has never dissected Negroes and whites to determine the differences between the races; informs Holmes that others who have researched the question \"do not class the negro in the lowest scale of moral and intellectual beings.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePraises Holmes' work and advocates nationality in literature; expresses his belief that \"America has always imitated the minor English writers and has always been ready to fly at the latest prevailing English poet\"; and further laments the inadequacies of the American public mind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks about Holmes \"condition,\" salary; requests a list of Holmes' articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and other journals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends George Frederick Holmes for a chair in logic and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Holmes that Holmes' election (to the faculty of South Carolina?)] is \"very doubtful.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests certain testimonials which Holmes had secured from Preston; notifies Holmes that the election to the chair (at the College of William and Mary)] \"will take place in 10 days or two weeks\"; and assures Holmes that he is still being considered.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from General. David Flavel Jamison, Orangeburg, S.C., to Professor George Frederick Holmes, Williamsburg, Va. Lists his reasons for not writing sooner; notes that cotton in Orangeburg is \"not worth gathering\"; informs Holmes that William Campbell Preston is not well' and news of other friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests that Holmes help him \"raise this Academy to some higher order of school or even, with the help of Legislative funds to that of a college.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Holmes that he will not visit Williamsburg in the near future: regrets \"the occurrances of difficulties at William and Mary which induced you to resign your professorship in that institution\"; and expresses his high opinion of the College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments that, in his opinion, Congress will not adjourn before August; regrets that he cannot commit himself to take Mrs. Holmes to the mountains; notes that he is tired of the life of a Congressman and \"should like to be free once more.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvising Holmes that he has deposited thirty dollars to Holmes' credit in the Virginia Bank at Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his gratification at Holmes' acceptance of the apppointment as President of the University of Mississippi; requests Holmes' presence at a meeting on the \"3rd Mmonday of October\" in order that Holmes may advise the trustees on the course of study, text books, and the proper preparation for the admittance into the college; notes that he has dispelled rumors that Holmes intended to accept his \"late place at William and Mary and decline the Presidency of our College\"; urges Holmes to persuade Dr. Millington not to sell his apparatus cabinet of minerals to the College of William and Mary, but instead to bring it to Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his opinion that Holmes' return to Virginia will be beneficial; advises Holmes that he is packing Holmes' books and possessions to send to him in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on the prospects of obtaining his remaining salary from Mississippi; asks about the possibility of being commissioned as a Bearer of Dispatches so that he may go to England to visit his family; mentions a plan for writing a history of the Indian War; notes the poor state of affairs at the College of William and Mary and the impact of the \"d----d foreigners\" upon the College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cover is dated simply as April 13.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvises Holmes on the possibilities of his appointment to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.]; thinks Holmes' chances are good.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that the election of professors was postponed until September and \"a later period\", discusses a letter of recommendation for Holmes; comments on \"an obituary of a poor old Judge Christian\" and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledging Holmes' prompt reply to Hope's \"application\"; asks whether or not E.J. Trelawny wrote \"Adventures of a Younger Son.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequesting that Holmes write an article on Sir William Hamilton for the cyclopaedia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses his plan to purchase \"Mr. Holcombe's house\"; describes a commencement speech given at South Carolina College that \"was disgusting even to the fire-eaters.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the circumstances surrounding his capture, his condition, and the regulations governing prisoner of war correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains that Edward is well and in need of little except tobacco; relates his hope of being allowed to return to England and describes the condition of several other prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccepts Holmes' offer of his home as a place of residence during Breckinridge's upcoming commencement address at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; discusses his latest railroad project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on newspaper articles unfavorable to both Holmes and Minnigerode; notes that one of the articles quoted Holmes as saying \"I have learning enough for 3 men in this country.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests certain testimonials; comments on a carriage accident that confined him to bed; expresses his bitterness over his \"defeat at the University\"; discusses his book and its success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains the success of Sabatier's book on the life of St. Francis of Assisi ([in French, translation included).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he will attempt to interest the board of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. in a salary increase for William Howard] Perkinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to accept an invitation to visit the University on June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines an invitation to attend an inauguration for new buildings at the University on June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes that advanced age and ill health will prevent Squibb from attending the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the university on 14 June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he cannot attend the inauguration of the new buildings at the University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of two 1809 indentures between Richard Clay of Sunderland in the County of Palatine of Durham, England and George Anderson of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, George Pemberton, residing at number 2 Things Street, Portman Square, concerning the marriage of Penelope Pemberton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeaving his estate to his wife Letitia Preston Floyd for her to administer as \"she thinks proper for her support and that of the children\"; witnessed by Cyrus Robinson and James H. Piper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten in Spanish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDated and signed by George Frederick Holmes, Fredericksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe gilt-edged album contains the following: miscellaneous portrait and landscape engravings; leaves of various plants, some indigenous to South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, and some being from family members' graves, giving genealogical information; poems; newspaper clippings; and a memorial inscription to her son, John Floyd Holmes (1847-1848) and an ink drawing of his gravesite in the family burial grounds of Robert Saunders, President of the College of William and Mary, done by Thomas] C. Millington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo copies in George Frederick Holme's handwriting. The \"Aunt\" is likely Elizabeth Pemberton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscussing the tithe system and its use by the Roman Catholic Church in England, by Joseph Henry Hendon Holmes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of the Holmes family. Chiefly letters, 1842-1887, received by George Frederick Holmes, educator, concerning the College of William and Mary, the University of Mississippi, and the University of Virginia. Correspondents include William Campbell Preston, Andrew Steele Fulton, Robert Saunders and Charles Minnigerode. The collection also includes papers of the Floyd and Preston families; an album kept by Eliza Lavalette Floyd Holmes consisting of plant leaves, newspapers and memorials to her son and a drawing by Thomas C. Milington of the grave-site of John Floyd Holmes; and papers, concerning the estate of George Frederick Holmes.","Comments on leaving his purse at home and asks Francis to retrieve it and bring it to Botetourt Co., Va.; and discusses his trip, notes that there have been no accidents.","Discusses Francis' plan to sell a portion of his land known as \"mouth of Kentucky\", and informs Francis of a letter from \"the governor\" regarding a memorial battle for General William Campbell in which Francis is to participate.","Comments on Francis' upcoming trip to \"the springs\" and expresses her hope that he can take a \"sea voyage\"; and other family news.","Regarding a recommendation of Holmes to Earl Brownlow.","William advises Joseph of Major General Murray's assent to 'admitting the child to internment in the military burial ground'.","Stating that he wishes to be numbered among those who will refute \"the calumnies against our so greatly injured colony.\"","Invitation to Dr. and Miss Pemberton to attend a ceremony for the \"laying of the foundation stone of the new harbor.\"","Comments on Mr. Bryant's application for bounty land; discusses the Stansberry case, noting his displeasure at the House's actions and criticizing Andrew Jackson.","Concerning \"young Mr. Johnston's\" appointment to the military academy; notes that he can do nothing at present, but promises \"an impartial and as favorable consideration as circumstances will permit when a vacancy shall happen.\"","An invitation to Mr. and Mrs. Holmes for a visit and congratulating Eliza on her marriage; asks for \"particulars\" of Letitia Preston Floyd's son; and comments on the welfare of Eliza's brother and the dry weather.","Discusses books to be sent to Holmes and possible collaboration on an article for the Southern Quarterly Review.","Regarding some scab samples [requested by Holmes?] and expressing sympathy for the loss of [Holmes?] child.","Congratulates Holmes on his recent articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and comments on the superiority of an English education.","Explains Hardemann's busy schedule; broaches the idea of creating, with Holmes, a \"seminary of a high order\"; asks about Holmes' German studies and comments on Hardemann's new child.","Details the new act of Parliament entitled \"An Act for the More Effectual Suppression of the Slave Trade.\"","States that he has never dissected Negroes and whites to determine the differences between the races; informs Holmes that others who have researched the question \"do not class the negro in the lowest scale of moral and intellectual beings.\"","Praises Holmes' work and advocates nationality in literature; expresses his belief that \"America has always imitated the minor English writers and has always been ready to fly at the latest prevailing English poet\"; and further laments the inadequacies of the American public mind.","Asks about Holmes \"condition,\" salary; requests a list of Holmes' articles for the Southern Quarterly Review and other journals.","Recommends George Frederick Holmes for a chair in logic and history.","Informs Holmes that Holmes' election (to the faculty of South Carolina?)] is \"very doubtful.\"","Requests certain testimonials which Holmes had secured from Preston; notifies Holmes that the election to the chair (at the College of William and Mary)] \"will take place in 10 days or two weeks\"; and assures Holmes that he is still being considered.","Letter from General. David Flavel Jamison, Orangeburg, S.C., to Professor George Frederick Holmes, Williamsburg, Va. Lists his reasons for not writing sooner; notes that cotton in Orangeburg is \"not worth gathering\"; informs Holmes that William Campbell Preston is not well' and news of other friends.","Requests that Holmes help him \"raise this Academy to some higher order of school or even, with the help of Legislative funds to that of a college.\"","Informs Holmes that he will not visit Williamsburg in the near future: regrets \"the occurrances of difficulties at William and Mary which induced you to resign your professorship in that institution\"; and expresses his high opinion of the College of William and Mary.","Comments that, in his opinion, Congress will not adjourn before August; regrets that he cannot commit himself to take Mrs. Holmes to the mountains; notes that he is tired of the life of a Congressman and \"should like to be free once more.\"","Advising Holmes that he has deposited thirty dollars to Holmes' credit in the Virginia Bank at Richmond.","Expresses his gratification at Holmes' acceptance of the apppointment as President of the University of Mississippi; requests Holmes' presence at a meeting on the \"3rd Mmonday of October\" in order that Holmes may advise the trustees on the course of study, text books, and the proper preparation for the admittance into the college; notes that he has dispelled rumors that Holmes intended to accept his \"late place at William and Mary and decline the Presidency of our College\"; urges Holmes to persuade Dr. Millington not to sell his apparatus cabinet of minerals to the College of William and Mary, but instead to bring it to Mississippi.","Expresses his opinion that Holmes' return to Virginia will be beneficial; advises Holmes that he is packing Holmes' books and possessions to send to him in Virginia.","Comments on the prospects of obtaining his remaining salary from Mississippi; asks about the possibility of being commissioned as a Bearer of Dispatches so that he may go to England to visit his family; mentions a plan for writing a history of the Indian War; notes the poor state of affairs at the College of William and Mary and the impact of the \"d----d foreigners\" upon the College.","The cover is dated simply as April 13.","Advises Holmes on the possibilities of his appointment to the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.]; thinks Holmes' chances are good.","States that the election of professors was postponed until September and \"a later period\", discusses a letter of recommendation for Holmes; comments on \"an obituary of a poor old Judge Christian\" and family news.","Acknowledging Holmes' prompt reply to Hope's \"application\"; asks whether or not E.J. Trelawny wrote \"Adventures of a Younger Son.\"","Requesting that Holmes write an article on Sir William Hamilton for the cyclopaedia.","Discusses his plan to purchase \"Mr. Holcombe's house\"; describes a commencement speech given at South Carolina College that \"was disgusting even to the fire-eaters.\"","Describes the circumstances surrounding his capture, his condition, and the regulations governing prisoner of war correspondence.","Explains that Edward is well and in need of little except tobacco; relates his hope of being allowed to return to England and describes the condition of several other prisoners.","Accepts Holmes' offer of his home as a place of residence during Breckinridge's upcoming commencement address at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.; discusses his latest railroad project.","Letter written in Spanish.","Comments on newspaper articles unfavorable to both Holmes and Minnigerode; notes that one of the articles quoted Holmes as saying \"I have learning enough for 3 men in this country.\"","Requests certain testimonials; comments on a carriage accident that confined him to bed; expresses his bitterness over his \"defeat at the University\"; discusses his book and its success.","Explains the success of Sabatier's book on the life of St. Francis of Assisi ([in French, translation included).","States that he will attempt to interest the board of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. in a salary increase for William Howard] Perkinson.","Regrets that he is unable to accept an invitation to visit the University on June 14, 1898.","Declines an invitation to attend an inauguration for new buildings at the University on June 14, 1898.","Notes that advanced age and ill health will prevent Squibb from attending the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the university on 14 June 14, 1898.","Regrets that he cannot attend the inauguration of the new buildings at the University.","Accepts an invitation to the inauguration of new buildings at the University on 14 June 14, 1898.","Copies of two 1809 indentures between Richard Clay of Sunderland in the County of Palatine of Durham, England and George Anderson of the Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, George Pemberton, residing at number 2 Things Street, Portman Square, concerning the marriage of Penelope Pemberton.","Leaving his estate to his wife Letitia Preston Floyd for her to administer as \"she thinks proper for her support and that of the children\"; witnessed by Cyrus Robinson and James H. Piper.","Written in Spanish.","Dated and signed by George Frederick Holmes, Fredericksburg, Va.","The gilt-edged album contains the following: miscellaneous portrait and landscape engravings; leaves of various plants, some indigenous to South Carolina, Virginia, and Mississippi, and some being from family members' graves, giving genealogical information; poems; newspaper clippings; and a memorial inscription to her son, John Floyd Holmes (1847-1848) and an ink drawing of his gravesite in the family burial grounds of Robert Saunders, President of the College of William and Mary, done by Thomas] C. Millington.","Two copies in George Frederick Holme's handwriting. The \"Aunt\" is likely Elizabeth Pemberton.","Discussing the tithe system and its use by the Roman Catholic Church in England, by Joseph Henry Hendon Holmes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd"],"names_coll_ssim":["Holmes, John Floyd"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Holmes, George Frederick, 1820-1897","Millington, Thomas Charles, fl. 1836-1850","Minnigerode, Charles, 1814-1894","Saunders, Robert,  1805-1868","Holmes, John Floyd"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":81,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:54.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2490"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Mason Papers, 1706/1858","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1170#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mason, George, 1725-1792","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1170#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1170#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1170.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Mason, George papers","title_ssm":["George Mason Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Mason Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1706-1858"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1706-1858"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1706/1858"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858"],"text":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858","Mss. 39.2 M38","/repositories/2/resources/1170","Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century","Alien and Sedition laws, 1798","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--18th century","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","George Mason IV (December 11, 1725 - October 7, 1792) was a United States patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the \"Founding Fathers\" of the United States. Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which detailed specific rights of citizens. In addition to anti-federalist Patrick Henry, he was later a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicitly stated individual rights as part of the U.S. Constitution, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement. His efforts eventually succeeded in convincing the Federalists to modify the Constitution and add the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). The Bill of Rights is based on Mason's earlier Virginia Declaration of Rights.","Mason served at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg in 1776. During this time he created drafts of the first declaration of rights and state constitution in the Colonies. Both were adopted after committee alterations; the Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted June 12, 1776, and the Virginia Constitution was adopted June 29, 1776.","Mason was appointed in 1786 to represent Virginia as a delegate to a Federal Convention, to meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. He served at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and contributed significantly to the formation of the Constitution. \"He refused to sign the Constitution, however, and returned to his native state as an outspoken opponent in the ratification contest.\" One objection to the proposed Constitution was that it lacked a \"declaration of rights\". As a delegate to Virginia's ratification convention, he opposed ratification without amendment. Among the amendments he desired was a bill of rights. This opposition, both before and during the convention, may have cost Mason his long friendship with his neighbor George Washington, and is probably a leading reason why George Mason became less well-known than other U.S. founding fathers in later years. On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights, based primarily on George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, was ratified in response to the agitation of Mason and others.","At the convention he was one of the five most frequent speakers and he always spoke with confidence. He believed that slave trade should be abolished, even though he himself owned slaves; he believed in the disestablishment of the church; and he was a strong anti-federalist. He wanted a three-part government, but he also wanted very powerful state governments.","An important issue for him in the convention was the bill of rights. He didn't want the United States to be like England. He foresaw sectional strife and feared the power of government.","Mason died peacefully at his home, Gunston Hall, on October 7, 1792. Gunston Hall, located in Mason Neck, Virginia, is now a tourist attraction. The George Mason Memorial is located in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial; it was dedicated on April 9, 2002. A major bridge connecting Washington, DC, to Virginia is officially named the George Mason Memorial Bridge (it is part of the 14th Street bridge complex). George Mason High School and George Mason University located in Fairfax, Virginia, is named in his honor, as are Mason County, Kentucky, Mason County, West Virginia and Mason County, Illinois.","A large portion of Mason's papers are housed at Mason's former estate, now a museum known as the Gunston Hall Plantation, Mason Neck, Va. See the following link for more information","http://www.gunstonhall.org/","Letters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.","Item 1: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to Haswell and Hunt, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 2: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to John Thomson, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 3: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co., Va.], to Richard Henry Lee, n.p., April 12, 1779\nALS. 4pp. Including Tcy. of ALS. 2 items.","Item 4: Will[ia]m Fitzhugh, Calvert County, [Md.], to William Bruff, n.p., May 13, 1781\nALS. 1p.","Item 5: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], May 14, 1789\nALS. 7pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 6: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Loudoun County, [Va.], to Robert Carter, \"Nominy [sic] Hall,\" [Westmoreland Co., Va.], February 26, 1791\nALS. 2pp.","Item 7: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], April 16, 1791\nIncluding TCy of ALS and XCy of ALS. 3 items.","Item 8: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co., Va.], to his son John Mason, George Town, Maryland, August 20, 1792\nALS. 5pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 9: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason and Wilson C. Nicholas, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, Richmond, [Va.], April 29, 1800\nCy of LS. 2pp.","Item 10: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, n.p., May 15, 1800\nCy of LS. 1p.","Item 11: Tho[ma]s Randolph, Richmond, [Va.], to \"Betsey,\" E[lizabeth] Moir, W[illia]msburg, [Va.], February 25, 1807\nALS. 3pp.","Item 12: Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants, Richmond, [Va.], to John T. Mason, Jr., Lexington, Kentucky, February 15, 1820\nALS. 3pp. Including an ANS from J[ohn] T. Mason, n.d., n.p.","Item 13: Ann C. Mason, \"Temple Hall,\" to Elizabeth Moir, Lexington, Kentucky, October 20, 1821\nALS. 4pp.","Item 14: M[?] Mason, Raspberry Plain, to her son John Thomson Mason, Indian Fields, near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, May 31, 1823\nALS. 2pp.","Item 15: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 7, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 2pp. Puchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 16: N. Carroll Mason, n.p. to Judge [John Thomson] Mason, n.p., June 16, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Stevens Thomson Mason and Armistead T. Mason. ALS. 1p.\nIncluding Sen. James Murray Mason's (George Mason's grandson) response to Charles Lanman's request for information concerning George Mason. Purchased from Maury Bromsen","Item 17: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 22, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 3pp. Purchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 18: Will of Mary Thomson, March 21, 1706\nD. 3pp.","Item 19 Will of William Thomson, November 23, 1739\nD. 4pp.","Item 20: Bill of loading for tobacco shipped by Stevens Thomson Mason upon the ship Glory, August 1, 1785. 1p.","Item 21: Political essay by G[eorge] M[ason] concerning the right of suffrage and the disposition of the county of Fairfax in the re-districting of Virginia for the election of congressmen, Ca. 1790 AMsS. 3pp.","Item 22: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, April 22, 1803\nCy of DS. 6pp.","Item 23: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, September 27, 1815\nCy of DS. 3pp.","Item 24: Will of Armistead T. Mason, November 7, 1818\nADS. 10pp.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 M38","/repositories/2/resources/1170"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 M38","/repositories/2/resources/1170"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century"],"creator_ssm":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchases."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alien and Sedition laws, 1798","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--18th century","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alien and Sedition laws, 1798","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--18th century","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"date_range_isim":[1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason IV (December 11, 1725 - October 7, 1792) was a United States patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the \"Founding Fathers\" of the United States. Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which detailed specific rights of citizens. In addition to anti-federalist Patrick Henry, he was later a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicitly stated individual rights as part of the U.S. Constitution, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement. His efforts eventually succeeded in convincing the Federalists to modify the Constitution and add the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). The Bill of Rights is based on Mason's earlier Virginia Declaration of Rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mason served at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg in 1776. During this time he created drafts of the first declaration of rights and state constitution in the Colonies. Both were adopted after committee alterations; the Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted June 12, 1776, and the Virginia Constitution was adopted June 29, 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mason was appointed in 1786 to represent Virginia as a delegate to a Federal Convention, to meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. He served at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and contributed significantly to the formation of the Constitution. \"He refused to sign the Constitution, however, and returned to his native state as an outspoken opponent in the ratification contest.\" One objection to the proposed Constitution was that it lacked a \"declaration of rights\". As a delegate to Virginia's ratification convention, he opposed ratification without amendment. Among the amendments he desired was a bill of rights. This opposition, both before and during the convention, may have cost Mason his long friendship with his neighbor George Washington, and is probably a leading reason why George Mason became less well-known than other U.S. founding fathers in later years. On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights, based primarily on George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, was ratified in response to the agitation of Mason and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e At the convention he was one of the five most frequent speakers and he always spoke with confidence. He believed that slave trade should be abolished, even though he himself owned slaves; he believed in the disestablishment of the church; and he was a strong anti-federalist. He wanted a three-part government, but he also wanted very powerful state governments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e An important issue for him in the convention was the bill of rights. He didn't want the United States to be like England. He foresaw sectional strife and feared the power of government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mason died peacefully at his home, Gunston Hall, on October 7, 1792. Gunston Hall, located in Mason Neck, Virginia, is now a tourist attraction. The George Mason Memorial is located in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial; it was dedicated on April 9, 2002. A major bridge connecting Washington, DC, to Virginia is officially named the George Mason Memorial Bridge (it is part of the 14th Street bridge complex). George Mason High School and George Mason University located in Fairfax, Virginia, is named in his honor, as are Mason County, Kentucky, Mason County, West Virginia and Mason County, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Mason IV (December 11, 1725 - October 7, 1792) was a United States patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the \"Founding Fathers\" of the United States. Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which detailed specific rights of citizens. In addition to anti-federalist Patrick Henry, he was later a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicitly stated individual rights as part of the U.S. Constitution, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement. His efforts eventually succeeded in convincing the Federalists to modify the Constitution and add the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). The Bill of Rights is based on Mason's earlier Virginia Declaration of Rights.","Mason served at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg in 1776. During this time he created drafts of the first declaration of rights and state constitution in the Colonies. Both were adopted after committee alterations; the Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted June 12, 1776, and the Virginia Constitution was adopted June 29, 1776.","Mason was appointed in 1786 to represent Virginia as a delegate to a Federal Convention, to meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. He served at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and contributed significantly to the formation of the Constitution. \"He refused to sign the Constitution, however, and returned to his native state as an outspoken opponent in the ratification contest.\" One objection to the proposed Constitution was that it lacked a \"declaration of rights\". As a delegate to Virginia's ratification convention, he opposed ratification without amendment. Among the amendments he desired was a bill of rights. This opposition, both before and during the convention, may have cost Mason his long friendship with his neighbor George Washington, and is probably a leading reason why George Mason became less well-known than other U.S. founding fathers in later years. On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights, based primarily on George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, was ratified in response to the agitation of Mason and others.","At the convention he was one of the five most frequent speakers and he always spoke with confidence. He believed that slave trade should be abolished, even though he himself owned slaves; he believed in the disestablishment of the church; and he was a strong anti-federalist. He wanted a three-part government, but he also wanted very powerful state governments.","An important issue for him in the convention was the bill of rights. He didn't want the United States to be like England. He foresaw sectional strife and feared the power of government.","Mason died peacefully at his home, Gunston Hall, on October 7, 1792. Gunston Hall, located in Mason Neck, Virginia, is now a tourist attraction. The George Mason Memorial is located in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial; it was dedicated on April 9, 2002. A major bridge connecting Washington, DC, to Virginia is officially named the George Mason Memorial Bridge (it is part of the 14th Street bridge complex). George Mason High School and George Mason University located in Fairfax, Virginia, is named in his honor, as are Mason County, Kentucky, Mason County, West Virginia and Mason County, Illinois."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Mason Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large portion of Mason's papers are housed at Mason's former estate, now a museum known as the Gunston Hall Plantation, Mason Neck, Va. See the following link for more information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e http://www.gunstonhall.org/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large portion of Mason's papers are housed at Mason's former estate, now a museum known as the Gunston Hall Plantation, Mason Neck, Va. See the following link for more information","http://www.gunstonhall.org/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItem 1: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to Haswell and Hunt, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 2: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to John Thomson, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 3: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co., Va.], to Richard Henry Lee, n.p., April 12, 1779\nALS. 4pp. Including Tcy. of ALS. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 4: Will[ia]m Fitzhugh, Calvert County, [Md.], to William Bruff, n.p., May 13, 1781\nALS. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 5: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], May 14, 1789\nALS. 7pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 6: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Loudoun County, [Va.], to Robert Carter, \"Nominy [sic] Hall,\" [Westmoreland Co., Va.], February 26, 1791\nALS. 2pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 7: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], April 16, 1791\nIncluding TCy of ALS and XCy of ALS. 3 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 8: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co., Va.], to his son John Mason, George Town, Maryland, August 20, 1792\nALS. 5pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 9: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason and Wilson C. Nicholas, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, Richmond, [Va.], April 29, 1800\nCy of LS. 2pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 10: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, n.p., May 15, 1800\nCy of LS. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 11: Tho[ma]s Randolph, Richmond, [Va.], to \"Betsey,\" E[lizabeth] Moir, W[illia]msburg, [Va.], February 25, 1807\nALS. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 12: Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants, Richmond, [Va.], to John T. Mason, Jr., Lexington, Kentucky, February 15, 1820\nALS. 3pp. Including an ANS from J[ohn] T. Mason, n.d., n.p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 13: Ann C. Mason, \"Temple Hall,\" to Elizabeth Moir, Lexington, Kentucky, October 20, 1821\nALS. 4pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 14: M[?] Mason, Raspberry Plain, to her son John Thomson Mason, Indian Fields, near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, May 31, 1823\nALS. 2pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 15: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 7, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 2pp. Puchased from Maury Bromsen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 16: N. Carroll Mason, n.p. to Judge [John Thomson] Mason, n.p., June 16, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Stevens Thomson Mason and Armistead T. Mason. ALS. 1p.\nIncluding Sen. James Murray Mason's (George Mason's grandson) response to Charles Lanman's request for information concerning George Mason. Purchased from Maury Bromsen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 17: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 22, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 3pp. Purchased from Maury Bromsen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 18: Will of Mary Thomson, March 21, 1706\nD. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 19 Will of William Thomson, November 23, 1739\nD. 4pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 20: Bill of loading for tobacco shipped by Stevens Thomson Mason upon the ship Glory, August 1, 1785. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 21: Political essay by G[eorge] M[ason] concerning the right of suffrage and the disposition of the county of Fairfax in the re-districting of Virginia for the election of congressmen, Ca. 1790 AMsS. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 22: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, April 22, 1803\nCy of DS. 6pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 23: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, September 27, 1815\nCy of DS. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 24: Will of Armistead T. Mason, November 7, 1818\nADS. 10pp.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.","Item 1: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to Haswell and Hunt, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 2: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to John Thomson, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 3: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co., Va.], to Richard Henry Lee, n.p., April 12, 1779\nALS. 4pp. Including Tcy. of ALS. 2 items.","Item 4: Will[ia]m Fitzhugh, Calvert County, [Md.], to William Bruff, n.p., May 13, 1781\nALS. 1p.","Item 5: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], May 14, 1789\nALS. 7pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 6: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Loudoun County, [Va.], to Robert Carter, \"Nominy [sic] Hall,\" [Westmoreland Co., Va.], February 26, 1791\nALS. 2pp.","Item 7: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], April 16, 1791\nIncluding TCy of ALS and XCy of ALS. 3 items.","Item 8: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co., Va.], to his son John Mason, George Town, Maryland, August 20, 1792\nALS. 5pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 9: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason and Wilson C. Nicholas, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, Richmond, [Va.], April 29, 1800\nCy of LS. 2pp.","Item 10: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, n.p., May 15, 1800\nCy of LS. 1p.","Item 11: Tho[ma]s Randolph, Richmond, [Va.], to \"Betsey,\" E[lizabeth] Moir, W[illia]msburg, [Va.], February 25, 1807\nALS. 3pp.","Item 12: Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants, Richmond, [Va.], to John T. Mason, Jr., Lexington, Kentucky, February 15, 1820\nALS. 3pp. Including an ANS from J[ohn] T. Mason, n.d., n.p.","Item 13: Ann C. Mason, \"Temple Hall,\" to Elizabeth Moir, Lexington, Kentucky, October 20, 1821\nALS. 4pp.","Item 14: M[?] Mason, Raspberry Plain, to her son John Thomson Mason, Indian Fields, near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, May 31, 1823\nALS. 2pp.","Item 15: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 7, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 2pp. Puchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 16: N. Carroll Mason, n.p. to Judge [John Thomson] Mason, n.p., June 16, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Stevens Thomson Mason and Armistead T. Mason. ALS. 1p.\nIncluding Sen. James Murray Mason's (George Mason's grandson) response to Charles Lanman's request for information concerning George Mason. Purchased from Maury Bromsen","Item 17: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 22, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 3pp. Purchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 18: Will of Mary Thomson, March 21, 1706\nD. 3pp.","Item 19 Will of William Thomson, November 23, 1739\nD. 4pp.","Item 20: Bill of loading for tobacco shipped by Stevens Thomson Mason upon the ship Glory, August 1, 1785. 1p.","Item 21: Political essay by G[eorge] M[ason] concerning the right of suffrage and the disposition of the county of Fairfax in the re-districting of Virginia for the election of congressmen, Ca. 1790 AMsS. 3pp.","Item 22: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, April 22, 1803\nCy of DS. 6pp.","Item 23: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, September 27, 1815\nCy of DS. 3pp.","Item 24: Will of Armistead T. Mason, November 7, 1818\nADS. 10pp."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1170.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Mason, George papers","title_ssm":["George Mason Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Mason Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1706-1858"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1706-1858"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1706/1858"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858"],"text":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858","Mss. 39.2 M38","/repositories/2/resources/1170","Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century","Alien and Sedition laws, 1798","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--18th century","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","George Mason IV (December 11, 1725 - October 7, 1792) was a United States patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the \"Founding Fathers\" of the United States. Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which detailed specific rights of citizens. In addition to anti-federalist Patrick Henry, he was later a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicitly stated individual rights as part of the U.S. Constitution, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement. His efforts eventually succeeded in convincing the Federalists to modify the Constitution and add the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). The Bill of Rights is based on Mason's earlier Virginia Declaration of Rights.","Mason served at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg in 1776. During this time he created drafts of the first declaration of rights and state constitution in the Colonies. Both were adopted after committee alterations; the Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted June 12, 1776, and the Virginia Constitution was adopted June 29, 1776.","Mason was appointed in 1786 to represent Virginia as a delegate to a Federal Convention, to meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. He served at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and contributed significantly to the formation of the Constitution. \"He refused to sign the Constitution, however, and returned to his native state as an outspoken opponent in the ratification contest.\" One objection to the proposed Constitution was that it lacked a \"declaration of rights\". As a delegate to Virginia's ratification convention, he opposed ratification without amendment. Among the amendments he desired was a bill of rights. This opposition, both before and during the convention, may have cost Mason his long friendship with his neighbor George Washington, and is probably a leading reason why George Mason became less well-known than other U.S. founding fathers in later years. On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights, based primarily on George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, was ratified in response to the agitation of Mason and others.","At the convention he was one of the five most frequent speakers and he always spoke with confidence. He believed that slave trade should be abolished, even though he himself owned slaves; he believed in the disestablishment of the church; and he was a strong anti-federalist. He wanted a three-part government, but he also wanted very powerful state governments.","An important issue for him in the convention was the bill of rights. He didn't want the United States to be like England. He foresaw sectional strife and feared the power of government.","Mason died peacefully at his home, Gunston Hall, on October 7, 1792. Gunston Hall, located in Mason Neck, Virginia, is now a tourist attraction. The George Mason Memorial is located in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial; it was dedicated on April 9, 2002. A major bridge connecting Washington, DC, to Virginia is officially named the George Mason Memorial Bridge (it is part of the 14th Street bridge complex). George Mason High School and George Mason University located in Fairfax, Virginia, is named in his honor, as are Mason County, Kentucky, Mason County, West Virginia and Mason County, Illinois.","A large portion of Mason's papers are housed at Mason's former estate, now a museum known as the Gunston Hall Plantation, Mason Neck, Va. See the following link for more information","http://www.gunstonhall.org/","Letters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.","Item 1: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to Haswell and Hunt, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 2: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to John Thomson, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 3: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co., Va.], to Richard Henry Lee, n.p., April 12, 1779\nALS. 4pp. Including Tcy. of ALS. 2 items.","Item 4: Will[ia]m Fitzhugh, Calvert County, [Md.], to William Bruff, n.p., May 13, 1781\nALS. 1p.","Item 5: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], May 14, 1789\nALS. 7pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 6: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Loudoun County, [Va.], to Robert Carter, \"Nominy [sic] Hall,\" [Westmoreland Co., Va.], February 26, 1791\nALS. 2pp.","Item 7: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], April 16, 1791\nIncluding TCy of ALS and XCy of ALS. 3 items.","Item 8: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co., Va.], to his son John Mason, George Town, Maryland, August 20, 1792\nALS. 5pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 9: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason and Wilson C. Nicholas, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, Richmond, [Va.], April 29, 1800\nCy of LS. 2pp.","Item 10: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, n.p., May 15, 1800\nCy of LS. 1p.","Item 11: Tho[ma]s Randolph, Richmond, [Va.], to \"Betsey,\" E[lizabeth] Moir, W[illia]msburg, [Va.], February 25, 1807\nALS. 3pp.","Item 12: Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants, Richmond, [Va.], to John T. Mason, Jr., Lexington, Kentucky, February 15, 1820\nALS. 3pp. Including an ANS from J[ohn] T. Mason, n.d., n.p.","Item 13: Ann C. Mason, \"Temple Hall,\" to Elizabeth Moir, Lexington, Kentucky, October 20, 1821\nALS. 4pp.","Item 14: M[?] Mason, Raspberry Plain, to her son John Thomson Mason, Indian Fields, near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, May 31, 1823\nALS. 2pp.","Item 15: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 7, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 2pp. Puchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 16: N. Carroll Mason, n.p. to Judge [John Thomson] Mason, n.p., June 16, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Stevens Thomson Mason and Armistead T. Mason. ALS. 1p.\nIncluding Sen. James Murray Mason's (George Mason's grandson) response to Charles Lanman's request for information concerning George Mason. Purchased from Maury Bromsen","Item 17: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 22, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 3pp. Purchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 18: Will of Mary Thomson, March 21, 1706\nD. 3pp.","Item 19 Will of William Thomson, November 23, 1739\nD. 4pp.","Item 20: Bill of loading for tobacco shipped by Stevens Thomson Mason upon the ship Glory, August 1, 1785. 1p.","Item 21: Political essay by G[eorge] M[ason] concerning the right of suffrage and the disposition of the county of Fairfax in the re-districting of Virginia for the election of congressmen, Ca. 1790 AMsS. 3pp.","Item 22: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, April 22, 1803\nCy of DS. 6pp.","Item 23: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, September 27, 1815\nCy of DS. 3pp.","Item 24: Will of Armistead T. Mason, November 7, 1818\nADS. 10pp.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858"],"collection_ssim":["George Mason Papers, 1706/1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 M38","/repositories/2/resources/1170"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 M38","/repositories/2/resources/1170"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and Government--18th century"],"creator_ssm":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchases."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alien and Sedition laws, 1798","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--18th century","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alien and Sedition laws, 1798","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--18th century","Fairfax County (Va.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Manuscripts (document genre)"],"date_range_isim":[1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason IV (December 11, 1725 - October 7, 1792) was a United States patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the \"Founding Fathers\" of the United States. Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which detailed specific rights of citizens. In addition to anti-federalist Patrick Henry, he was later a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicitly stated individual rights as part of the U.S. Constitution, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement. His efforts eventually succeeded in convincing the Federalists to modify the Constitution and add the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). The Bill of Rights is based on Mason's earlier Virginia Declaration of Rights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mason served at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg in 1776. During this time he created drafts of the first declaration of rights and state constitution in the Colonies. Both were adopted after committee alterations; the Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted June 12, 1776, and the Virginia Constitution was adopted June 29, 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mason was appointed in 1786 to represent Virginia as a delegate to a Federal Convention, to meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. He served at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and contributed significantly to the formation of the Constitution. \"He refused to sign the Constitution, however, and returned to his native state as an outspoken opponent in the ratification contest.\" One objection to the proposed Constitution was that it lacked a \"declaration of rights\". As a delegate to Virginia's ratification convention, he opposed ratification without amendment. Among the amendments he desired was a bill of rights. This opposition, both before and during the convention, may have cost Mason his long friendship with his neighbor George Washington, and is probably a leading reason why George Mason became less well-known than other U.S. founding fathers in later years. On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights, based primarily on George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, was ratified in response to the agitation of Mason and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e At the convention he was one of the five most frequent speakers and he always spoke with confidence. He believed that slave trade should be abolished, even though he himself owned slaves; he believed in the disestablishment of the church; and he was a strong anti-federalist. He wanted a three-part government, but he also wanted very powerful state governments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e An important issue for him in the convention was the bill of rights. He didn't want the United States to be like England. He foresaw sectional strife and feared the power of government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mason died peacefully at his home, Gunston Hall, on October 7, 1792. Gunston Hall, located in Mason Neck, Virginia, is now a tourist attraction. The George Mason Memorial is located in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial; it was dedicated on April 9, 2002. A major bridge connecting Washington, DC, to Virginia is officially named the George Mason Memorial Bridge (it is part of the 14th Street bridge complex). George Mason High School and George Mason University located in Fairfax, Virginia, is named in his honor, as are Mason County, Kentucky, Mason County, West Virginia and Mason County, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Mason IV (December 11, 1725 - October 7, 1792) was a United States patriot, statesman, and delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. He is called the \"Father of the Bill of Rights\". For all of these reasons he is considered to be one of the \"Founding Fathers\" of the United States. Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which detailed specific rights of citizens. In addition to anti-federalist Patrick Henry, he was later a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicitly stated individual rights as part of the U.S. Constitution, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement. His efforts eventually succeeded in convincing the Federalists to modify the Constitution and add the Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments of the Constitution). The Bill of Rights is based on Mason's earlier Virginia Declaration of Rights.","Mason served at the Virginia Convention in Williamsburg in 1776. During this time he created drafts of the first declaration of rights and state constitution in the Colonies. Both were adopted after committee alterations; the Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted June 12, 1776, and the Virginia Constitution was adopted June 29, 1776.","Mason was appointed in 1786 to represent Virginia as a delegate to a Federal Convention, to meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. He served at the Federal Convention in Philadelphia from May to September 1787 and contributed significantly to the formation of the Constitution. \"He refused to sign the Constitution, however, and returned to his native state as an outspoken opponent in the ratification contest.\" One objection to the proposed Constitution was that it lacked a \"declaration of rights\". As a delegate to Virginia's ratification convention, he opposed ratification without amendment. Among the amendments he desired was a bill of rights. This opposition, both before and during the convention, may have cost Mason his long friendship with his neighbor George Washington, and is probably a leading reason why George Mason became less well-known than other U.S. founding fathers in later years. On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Bill of Rights, based primarily on George Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights, was ratified in response to the agitation of Mason and others.","At the convention he was one of the five most frequent speakers and he always spoke with confidence. He believed that slave trade should be abolished, even though he himself owned slaves; he believed in the disestablishment of the church; and he was a strong anti-federalist. He wanted a three-part government, but he also wanted very powerful state governments.","An important issue for him in the convention was the bill of rights. He didn't want the United States to be like England. He foresaw sectional strife and feared the power of government.","Mason died peacefully at his home, Gunston Hall, on October 7, 1792. Gunston Hall, located in Mason Neck, Virginia, is now a tourist attraction. The George Mason Memorial is located in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., near the Thomas Jefferson Memorial; it was dedicated on April 9, 2002. A major bridge connecting Washington, DC, to Virginia is officially named the George Mason Memorial Bridge (it is part of the 14th Street bridge complex). George Mason High School and George Mason University located in Fairfax, Virginia, is named in his honor, as are Mason County, Kentucky, Mason County, West Virginia and Mason County, Illinois."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Mason Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA large portion of Mason's papers are housed at Mason's former estate, now a museum known as the Gunston Hall Plantation, Mason Neck, Va. See the following link for more information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e http://www.gunstonhall.org/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A large portion of Mason's papers are housed at Mason's former estate, now a museum known as the Gunston Hall Plantation, Mason Neck, Va. See the following link for more information","http://www.gunstonhall.org/"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItem 1: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to Haswell and Hunt, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 2: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to John Thomson, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 3: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co., Va.], to Richard Henry Lee, n.p., April 12, 1779\nALS. 4pp. Including Tcy. of ALS. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 4: Will[ia]m Fitzhugh, Calvert County, [Md.], to William Bruff, n.p., May 13, 1781\nALS. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 5: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], May 14, 1789\nALS. 7pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 6: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Loudoun County, [Va.], to Robert Carter, \"Nominy [sic] Hall,\" [Westmoreland Co., Va.], February 26, 1791\nALS. 2pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 7: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], April 16, 1791\nIncluding TCy of ALS and XCy of ALS. 3 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 8: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co., Va.], to his son John Mason, George Town, Maryland, August 20, 1792\nALS. 5pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 9: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason and Wilson C. Nicholas, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, Richmond, [Va.], April 29, 1800\nCy of LS. 2pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 10: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, n.p., May 15, 1800\nCy of LS. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 11: Tho[ma]s Randolph, Richmond, [Va.], to \"Betsey,\" E[lizabeth] Moir, W[illia]msburg, [Va.], February 25, 1807\nALS. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 12: Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants, Richmond, [Va.], to John T. Mason, Jr., Lexington, Kentucky, February 15, 1820\nALS. 3pp. Including an ANS from J[ohn] T. Mason, n.d., n.p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 13: Ann C. Mason, \"Temple Hall,\" to Elizabeth Moir, Lexington, Kentucky, October 20, 1821\nALS. 4pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 14: M[?] Mason, Raspberry Plain, to her son John Thomson Mason, Indian Fields, near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, May 31, 1823\nALS. 2pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 15: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 7, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 2pp. Puchased from Maury Bromsen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 16: N. Carroll Mason, n.p. to Judge [John Thomson] Mason, n.p., June 16, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Stevens Thomson Mason and Armistead T. Mason. ALS. 1p.\nIncluding Sen. James Murray Mason's (George Mason's grandson) response to Charles Lanman's request for information concerning George Mason. Purchased from Maury Bromsen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 17: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 22, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 3pp. Purchased from Maury Bromsen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 18: Will of Mary Thomson, March 21, 1706\nD. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 19 Will of William Thomson, November 23, 1739\nD. 4pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 20: Bill of loading for tobacco shipped by Stevens Thomson Mason upon the ship Glory, August 1, 1785. 1p.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 21: Political essay by G[eorge] M[ason] concerning the right of suffrage and the disposition of the county of Fairfax in the re-districting of Virginia for the election of congressmen, Ca. 1790 AMsS. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 22: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, April 22, 1803\nCy of DS. 6pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 23: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, September 27, 1815\nCy of DS. 3pp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem 24: Will of Armistead T. Mason, November 7, 1818\nADS. 10pp.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 1779-1792, from George Mason at \"Gunston Hall,\" Fairfax Co., Va. to his son John in Bordeaux, France and to Richard Henry Lee commenting on Maryland's claim to Virginia's western lands; and a political essay, post 24 January 1791 by Mason on representation in Fairfax Co., Va. Includes papers and letters of other members of the Mason and Thomson families, in particular, Stevens Thomson Mason (his will and a letter to James Monroe on Alien and Sedition Laws), Armistead Thomson Mason (his will), Ann Mason; and biographical information by John Thomson Mason.","Item 1: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to Haswell and Hunt, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 2: Ann Mason, [Stafford Co., Va.], to John Thomson, London, [England], Ca. 1743\nCy. of L. 1p.","Item 3: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co., Va.], to Richard Henry Lee, n.p., April 12, 1779\nALS. 4pp. Including Tcy. of ALS. 2 items.","Item 4: Will[ia]m Fitzhugh, Calvert County, [Md.], to William Bruff, n.p., May 13, 1781\nALS. 1p.","Item 5: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], May 14, 1789\nALS. 7pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 6: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Loudoun County, [Va.], to Robert Carter, \"Nominy [sic] Hall,\" [Westmoreland Co., Va.], February 26, 1791\nALS. 2pp.","Item 7: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Farifax Co.], Virginia, to his son John Mason, Bordeaux, [France], April 16, 1791\nIncluding TCy of ALS and XCy of ALS. 3 items.","Item 8: G[eorge] Mason, \"Gunston Hall,\" [Fairfax Co., Va.], to his son John Mason, George Town, Maryland, August 20, 1792\nALS. 5pp. Including TCy of ALS. 2 items.","Item 9: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason and Wilson C. Nicholas, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, Richmond, [Va.], April 29, 1800\nCy of LS. 2pp.","Item 10: Ste[ven]s Thom[son] Mason, Phil[adelphi]a, [Pa.], to James Monroe, n.p., May 15, 1800\nCy of LS. 1p.","Item 11: Tho[ma]s Randolph, Richmond, [Va.], to \"Betsey,\" E[lizabeth] Moir, W[illia]msburg, [Va.], February 25, 1807\nALS. 3pp.","Item 12: Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants, Richmond, [Va.], to John T. Mason, Jr., Lexington, Kentucky, February 15, 1820\nALS. 3pp. Including an ANS from J[ohn] T. Mason, n.d., n.p.","Item 13: Ann C. Mason, \"Temple Hall,\" to Elizabeth Moir, Lexington, Kentucky, October 20, 1821\nALS. 4pp.","Item 14: M[?] Mason, Raspberry Plain, to her son John Thomson Mason, Indian Fields, near Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, May 31, 1823\nALS. 2pp.","Item 15: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 7, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 2pp. Puchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 16: N. Carroll Mason, n.p. to Judge [John Thomson] Mason, n.p., June 16, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Stevens Thomson Mason and Armistead T. Mason. ALS. 1p.\nIncluding Sen. James Murray Mason's (George Mason's grandson) response to Charles Lanman's request for information concerning George Mason. Purchased from Maury Bromsen","Item 17: Jo[h]n Thomson Mason, Baltimore, [Md.], to Charles Lanman, n.p., June 22, 1858\nBiographical information concerning Thomas Mason, Stevens Thomson Mason, and Armistead Thomson Mason for Lanman's directory of U.S. Congressmen. ALS. 3pp. Purchased from Maury Bromsen.","Item 18: Will of Mary Thomson, March 21, 1706\nD. 3pp.","Item 19 Will of William Thomson, November 23, 1739\nD. 4pp.","Item 20: Bill of loading for tobacco shipped by Stevens Thomson Mason upon the ship Glory, August 1, 1785. 1p.","Item 21: Political essay by G[eorge] M[ason] concerning the right of suffrage and the disposition of the county of Fairfax in the re-districting of Virginia for the election of congressmen, Ca. 1790 AMsS. 3pp.","Item 22: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, April 22, 1803\nCy of DS. 6pp.","Item 23: Will of Stevens Thomson Mason, September 27, 1815\nCy of DS. 3pp.","Item 24: Will of Armistead T. Mason, November 7, 1818\nADS. 10pp."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Mason, George, 1725-1792","Mason, Ann","Mason, John, 1766-1849","Mason, John Thomson, 1815-1873","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1170"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Washington collection, 1775/1949","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Crawford, D. R., Dr.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_13.xml","title_filing_ssi":"George Washington collection","title_ssm":["George Washington collection"],"title_tesim":["George Washington collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1775-1777, 1888, 1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1775-1777, 1888, 1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1775/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949"],"text":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949","WLU.Coll.0012","/repositories/5/resources/13","Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)","Correspondence","Indentures","Dwellings -- Maintenance and repair","This collection is open for research use.","George Washington was the first president of the United States and benefactor of Washington Academy (formerly Liberty Hall Academy) in Lexington, Virginia.","Rare Book: The Will of General George Washington (E312.99 1800)\nRare Book: The Beauties of Johnson (inscribed by George Washington (PR3522 .K4 1782)\nRG 1: Board of Trustees Records\nWLU-Coll-0138: Washington and Custis Families Account Book","This collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.","Letter written to Captain William Bronaugh from Washington while at Mt. Vernon, dated Jan. 18, 1775. The letter's content refers to land along the Great Kanhawa and also includes a handdrawn plat of said land and river.","This facsimile was provided by Monroe F. Cockrell, February 22, 1949.","The original letter has been separated and housed elsewhere. A facsimile copy is available in the folder.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine","These materials are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0012","/repositories/5/resources/13"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0012","/repositories/5/resources/13"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)"],"creator_ssm":["Crawford, D. R., Dr."],"creator_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The provenance for this collection varies. The letter from Washington to his nephew was a gift from F. R. Crawford in 1963. The Washington Academcy-related items are part of the official university records."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Indentures","Dwellings -- Maintenance and repair"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Indentures","Dwellings -- Maintenance and repair"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 half sized document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 half sized document box"],"date_range_isim":[1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington was the first president of the United States and benefactor of Washington Academy (formerly Liberty Hall Academy) in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington was the first president of the United States and benefactor of Washington Academy (formerly Liberty Hall Academy) in Lexington, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], George Washington Collection, WLU Coll 0012, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], George Washington Collection, WLU Coll 0012, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRare Book: The Will of General George Washington (E312.99 1800)\nRare Book: The Beauties of Johnson (inscribed by George Washington (PR3522 .K4 1782)\nRG 1: Board of Trustees Records\nWLU-Coll-0138: Washington and Custis Families Account Book\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Rare Book: The Will of General George Washington (E312.99 1800)\nRare Book: The Beauties of Johnson (inscribed by George Washington (PR3522 .K4 1782)\nRG 1: Board of Trustees Records\nWLU-Coll-0138: Washington and Custis Families Account Book"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eLetter written to Captain William Bronaugh from Washington while at Mt. Vernon, dated Jan. 18, 1775. The letter's content refers to land along the Great Kanhawa and also includes a handdrawn plat of said land and river.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis facsimile was provided by Monroe F. Cockrell, February 22, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original letter has been separated and housed elsewhere. A facsimile copy is available in the folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Description","Provenance","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.","Letter written to Captain William Bronaugh from Washington while at Mt. Vernon, dated Jan. 18, 1775. The letter's content refers to land along the Great Kanhawa and also includes a handdrawn plat of said land and river.","This facsimile was provided by Monroe F. Cockrell, February 22, 1949.","The original letter has been separated and housed elsewhere. A facsimile copy is available in the folder."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Washington, George Augustine","Crawford, D. R., Dr."],"persname_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine"],"language_ssim":["These materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:01:08.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_13.xml","title_filing_ssi":"George Washington collection","title_ssm":["George Washington collection"],"title_tesim":["George Washington collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1775-1777, 1888, 1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1775-1777, 1888, 1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1775/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949"],"text":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949","WLU.Coll.0012","/repositories/5/resources/13","Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)","Correspondence","Indentures","Dwellings -- Maintenance and repair","This collection is open for research use.","George Washington was the first president of the United States and benefactor of Washington Academy (formerly Liberty Hall Academy) in Lexington, Virginia.","Rare Book: The Will of General George Washington (E312.99 1800)\nRare Book: The Beauties of Johnson (inscribed by George Washington (PR3522 .K4 1782)\nRG 1: Board of Trustees Records\nWLU-Coll-0138: Washington and Custis Families Account Book","This collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.","Letter written to Captain William Bronaugh from Washington while at Mt. Vernon, dated Jan. 18, 1775. The letter's content refers to land along the Great Kanhawa and also includes a handdrawn plat of said land and river.","This facsimile was provided by Monroe F. Cockrell, February 22, 1949.","The original letter has been separated and housed elsewhere. A facsimile copy is available in the folder.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine","These materials are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington collection, 1775/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0012","/repositories/5/resources/13"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0012","/repositories/5/resources/13"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Mount Vernon (Estate)"],"creator_ssm":["Crawford, D. R., Dr."],"creator_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The provenance for this collection varies. The letter from Washington to his nephew was a gift from F. R. Crawford in 1963. The Washington Academcy-related items are part of the official university records."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Indentures","Dwellings -- Maintenance and repair"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Indentures","Dwellings -- Maintenance and repair"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 half sized document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 half sized document box"],"date_range_isim":[1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington was the first president of the United States and benefactor of Washington Academy (formerly Liberty Hall Academy) in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington was the first president of the United States and benefactor of Washington Academy (formerly Liberty Hall Academy) in Lexington, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreferred citation: [Identification of item], George Washington Collection, WLU Coll 0012, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Preferred citation: [Identification of item], George Washington Collection, WLU Coll 0012, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRare Book: The Will of General George Washington (E312.99 1800)\nRare Book: The Beauties of Johnson (inscribed by George Washington (PR3522 .K4 1782)\nRG 1: Board of Trustees Records\nWLU-Coll-0138: Washington and Custis Families Account Book\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Rare Book: The Will of General George Washington (E312.99 1800)\nRare Book: The Beauties of Johnson (inscribed by George Washington (PR3522 .K4 1782)\nRG 1: Board of Trustees Records\nWLU-Coll-0138: Washington and Custis Families Account Book"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eLetter written to Captain William Bronaugh from Washington while at Mt. Vernon, dated Jan. 18, 1775. The letter's content refers to land along the Great Kanhawa and also includes a handdrawn plat of said land and river.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis facsimile was provided by Monroe F. Cockrell, February 22, 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original letter has been separated and housed elsewhere. A facsimile copy is available in the folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Description","Provenance","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes both original and facsimile content. The collection's contents pertain to land along the Great Kanhawa, the American Revolution, Mt. Vernon, and Washington Academy in Lexington, Va. There is also a facsimile and typescript for items whose originals are elsewhere or in private hands. A few of the original Washington-related items have been reproduced for research with the originals removed for security purposes.","Letter written to Captain William Bronaugh from Washington while at Mt. Vernon, dated Jan. 18, 1775. The letter's content refers to land along the Great Kanhawa and also includes a handdrawn plat of said land and river.","This facsimile was provided by Monroe F. Cockrell, February 22, 1949.","The original letter has been separated and housed elsewhere. A facsimile copy is available in the folder."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Washington, George Augustine","Crawford, D. R., Dr."],"persname_ssim":["Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington Academy (Lexington, Va.)","Crawford, D. R., Dr.","Washington, George Augustine"],"language_ssim":["These materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:01:08.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_13"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_926#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington, George, 1732-1799","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_926#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePhotostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_926#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_926.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Washington, George, Papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts]"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts]"],"unitdate_ssm":["1755-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1755-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1755/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932"],"text":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932","Mss. 39.1 W25","/repositories/2/resources/926","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","United States--Presidents","Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","George Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799) led America's Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. He served two four-year terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington served as the first American Chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 1788 to 1799.","Box and folder list inventory completed by Zach Woodward, SCRC staff, in March 2011.","For other Washington material, see Dunmore Family Papers (I) (Mss. 65 D92), Dismal Swamp Collection (Mss. 39.2 D63), Powell Family Papers (Mss. 65 P875) and Leven Powell Papers (Mss. 65 P87).","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)","Photostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps.","Original Washington letters in the collection include: Letter, 1796 June 26, George Washington to his nephew Robert Lewis concerning his retirement from public life; and letter, Letter, 1799 March 18, of George Washington to James McAlpine concerning the making of a suit; Letter, 1783 November 15, George Washington to Governor George Clinton (Acc. 1997.073).","Please note that, whenever available, patrons are required to use a digital surrogate, facsimile, or printed version instead of the original document.","18 July, 1755. G[eorge] Washington, Fort Cumberland, [Md.], to [Gov. Robert dinwiddie]. Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Dequesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monogehela. [ca. 18 July, 1755]. R. Orme, [Fort Cumberland, Md.] to Gov. [Robert Dinwiddie], n.p. Detailed report of surprise attack on them by French and Indians; mentions the bravery of [George] Washington and his small band of men. 13 September, 1771. Survey map of Washington's boyhood home along the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredericksburg. Surveyed by George Washington. See oversize file. 19 June, 1775. Commission of George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army. Signed by John Cancock, President of Congress. See oversize file. June 1775-June, 1783. George Washington's accounts with the United States. 17 August-21 October, 1775. Orderly book of the camp at Cambidge, [Mass.], General Washington's headquarters. 17 October, 1777. John Hancock, Presid[en]t [of Congress], York Town, Pennsylvania, to the Assembly of the State of Virginia, [Williamsburg, Va.]. Transmits a copy of the returns from General [George] Washington, indicating the continental Army's dire need for clothing. 22 Oct. 1780. G[e]o[rge] Washington, H[ea]d Q[uarte]rs, Passaid Falls, [N.J.], to Geo[rge] Mason, Introduces Gen[era]l Gates Command, whose conduct is being investigated by Congress; tells of present problems, and relates feelings of despair that the struggle [American Revolution] has been based on false hopes; details changes which must take place in order to continue the war, including a permanent army, replenished funding, and a unified Congress. 22 May, [17]82. G[eorge] Washington, Newburgh, [N.Y.]. To Col. [Lewis] Nichola [sic] [Nicola]. Expresses wish to visit him [at Mount Vernon] soon; tells of news relating to the treaty [of Paris, 1783]; mention of the replacement of Doctor [Benjamin] Franklin; sentiments of affectionat friendship. See oversize file. 25 June, 1788. George Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to Sam[ue]l Powell, Thanks for the chair, which arrived \"in good order,\" and is \"handsome and neat\"; agricultural discussion including the mention of Sainfoin[?] grass seed, and Winlaw's threshing machine; critisizes Congress for their indecision in setting a new meeting place. 17 Sept. 1790. Washington's farewell address. See oversize file. Including correspondence relating to the gift. [ca. 1790]. Pen and ink sketch of George Washington made by [Benjamin H. Latrobe]. Including relative explanation. 18 May, 1794. G[eorge] Washington, Philadelphia, [Pa.], to his nephew, Robert Lewis, real estate discussion about lands owned in Winchester, [Va.], in Bath, and Berkeley counties, and along the Potomac [River]. 26 June, 1796. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.] to his nephew, Rob[er]t Lewis, n.p. Tells of upcoming schedule, including his retiring from public life on March 4, at which time \"no consideration under heaven that I can forsee shall again withdraw me from the walks of private life\"; mentions his mother's will in realtion to a dispute over some land on Accocoek Run; expresses sorrow at the death of Mrs. [Elizabeth Ball] Haynie, and readily agrees to care for her daughter in a monetary fashion; however, cannot have her stay at Mount Vernon because of his absence and later, much company, including the Ministers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal. Including items concerning the provenance and history of the letter 9 July, 1796. Document giving permission to Thomas Holder, captain of the ship Maria, to depart for spain, carrying a cargo of lumber. Signed by G[eorge] Washington and Edm[und] Randolph. See oversize file. 18 Mar. 1799. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to James McAlpine [Glasgow, Scotland]. Discussion of a custom-made suit, and gold thread needed. Including XCy. 1 p. 9 July, 1799. Will of George Washington. 11 May, 1896. Lawrence Washington, Alex[andria], Va., to Beverly Chew [?], n.p. Asks if he would be interested to buy, and at what pice, an original bookplate of Gen[era]l [George] Washington. Fragment of letter signed by George Washington.","Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Duquesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monongahela.","1754. Title page of a book, The Journal of Major George Washington, printed in Williamsburg, Va. 1800. Funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee, on the death of George Washington, printed in The Western Spy, and Hamilton Gazette, Cincinati, [Ohio]. See oversize file. 1839. Monuments of Washington's Petriotism: An Appeal to the public b P.W. Gallaudet. 1841. monuments of Washington's patriotism: an appeal to the public by P.W. Gallaudet. 1859. James Ross Snowdon, Director of the Mint of the United States, requesting, through a circular, anyone owning medals, coins, or tokens bearking Washington's name or head to turn them into him to supply the cabinet with a \"full set of these interesting materials.\" 1877. Daily Richmond Dispatch article entitled \"Washington--Pater Patriae.\" 1883. Invitation from the chamber of commerce of the state of New York to Benjamin S. Ewell for the unveiling of the statue of George Washington in Wall Street. PM. Framed. Missing 10-25-82 1895. The Spirit of '76, a monthly publication showing on its front cover a photograph of Washington's marriage to Martha Custis in 1759. 1897. Article from The Spirit of '76 about the relationship between George Washington and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 1917. Booklet advertising the plight of French children after World War I, and asking for assistance, relating the French's help to America (and George Washington) during the Revolution. 1920. Selections and annotations about a notebook written by Washington while in Va. in 1757. Edited by Victor Hugo Paltsits. 1925. Program of official ceremony celebrating the 193rd birthday of George Washington. 1925. Anniversary of the Birth of Washington: Address of Rep. R. Walton moore of Virginia at the Annual Washington Banquet of the Sons of the American Revolution, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929. The George Washington Scandals, by John C. Fitzpatrick. Bulletin No. 1 of the Washington Society of Alexandria, [Va.]. PM. 1930. \"When Washington's Sweetheart Fainted,\" a pamphlet advertisign restored Colonial Williamsburg.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.","Engraved by H.H. Hall's Sons, New York","Map drawn by National Geographic. See oversize file.","1932. Circular printed by the George Washington Bicentenial Committee of the Grand Lodge F. \u0026 A. M. of Indiana. Signed by Ja[me]s M. Clift, Grand Secretary. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. 1932. Invitation from the Governor of Virginia to be present at a celbration honoroing the religious character of George Washington and the drafting of the statues of Religious Liberty and Separation of Church and State. 1932. \"George Washington the Churchman,\" a sermon by Rev[eren]d Frank Landon, Humphreys, delivered at Bethesda-by-the-sea, Palm Beach, Florida. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the American Tree Association entitled \"George Washington Bi-Centennial Tree Planting.\" 1932. Principal Events in the Life of George Washington. A map by the General Drafting Co., Inc. for Standard oil Company of New Jersey, giving no scale. 1933. \"Harvard's First L. L. D.\" An article from the Boston Daily Globe. 1934. Advance release of address delivered by Hon. R. Walton moore entitled, \"Washington the Statesman in his Home Country.\" Including two items of correspondence regarding the aforementioned item. 1937. Program of the Unveiling Exercises of a Portrait of George Washington in the Court House at New Kent Co., Va. 1938. \"Washington's Burgess Route,\" by the Rev. Arthur P. Gray. 1938. \"George Washington's Godfather of Child Baptized at Cologne in 1795\" including one item of correspondence relating to the article. 1938. George Washington Biography Calendar. 1939, April. Inaguration of Gen. George Washington [showing his and John Adams' routes to New York City, N.Y. and a plan of the city of New York]. A map by the United States Constitution Sequicentennial Commission, with scales of 5:20 and 4:4000. 1948. Washington, D.C. Paper, The Evening Star, article on a recent discovery of a George Washington letter to Samuel Galloway.","\"General Washington's Order Book in the American Revolution.\" \"Subscribers to the Life of Washington.\" Advertisement entitled \"Washington and His Generals.\" \"Washington's Farewell Address, September 19, 1796,\" issued by the National Association of Democratic Clubs. Pamphlet, Known Journeys of Washington to Williamsburg between May 28, 1748 and August, 1775, by Sir Arthur Gray. \"Places in Fredericksburg Associated with George Washington.\" Guide to the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge. Pamphlet, Music written by George M. Cohan entitled \"Father of the Land We Love.\" \"History of the Great Republic,\" p.20, referring to George Washington. Advertisement of Forbes Lithograph Mfg. Co., using Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. \"George Washington, the Engineer,\" by Charles Colfax Long, President, sons of the Revolution in the District of Colombia. A Brief History of Alexandria: Washington Lodge No. 22 and of its First Worshipful Master General George Washington. Newspaper articles relating to George Washington. Various prints relating to George Washington, including one rendition of the Washington Monument, and Washington's various headquarters during the American Revolution.","Prints, engravings, pictures, and photographs of portraits of George Washington. Lithograph design of George Washington Monument by Charles Parsons (1821-1910), a certificate of subscription signed by James K. Polk, G[eorge] M. Dallas, John Quincy Adams, H[enry] Clay, Albert Gallatin, and Dan[ie]l Webster. See oversize file.","1925 article from Collier's magazine entitled, \"She Knew Martha Washington,\" prints and engravings of Martha Washington, and a facsimile of her china [Transferred to Manuscripts Artifact Collection].","Materials related to Mount Vernon, \"Wakefield,\" and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.","Includes: coat-of-arms of the Washington family; genealogical charts of the Washington family; material relating to the English branch of the Washington family, and their home, Sulgrave Manor, including a variation of a watercolor painting of the home, by Waller Scott; \"The Will of Mary Washington, Mother of George Washington, First President of the U.S.\"; extracts from the will of Col. John Washington. Also see oversize file.","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","For preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.","Special Collections Research Center","Washington, George, 1732-1799","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.1 W25","/repositories/2/resources/926"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.1 W25","/repositories/2/resources/926"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","For preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials that comprise this collection were donated and purchased by W\u0026M Special Collections from numerous individuals between 1928 and 1997."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","United States--Presidents","Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","United States--Presidents","Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts"],"date_range_isim":[1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799) led America's Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. He served two four-year terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington served as the first American Chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 1788 to 1799.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799) led America's Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. He served two four-year terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington served as the first American Chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 1788 to 1799."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox and folder list inventory completed by Zach Woodward, SCRC staff, in March 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Box and folder list inventory completed by Zach Woodward, SCRC staff, in March 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor other Washington material, see Dunmore Family Papers (I) (Mss. 65 D92), Dismal Swamp Collection (Mss. 39.2 D63), Powell Family Papers (Mss. 65 P875) and Leven Powell Papers (Mss. 65 P87).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For other Washington material, see Dunmore Family Papers (I) (Mss. 65 D92), Dismal Swamp Collection (Mss. 39.2 D63), Powell Family Papers (Mss. 65 P875) and Leven Powell Papers (Mss. 65 P87).","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps.","Original Washington letters in the collection include: Letter, 1796 June 26, George Washington to his nephew Robert Lewis concerning his retirement from public life; and letter, Letter, 1799 March 18, of George Washington to James McAlpine concerning the making of a suit; Letter, 1783 November 15, George Washington to Governor George Clinton (Acc. 1997.073).","Please note that, whenever available, patrons are required to use a digital surrogate, facsimile, or printed version instead of the original document.","18 July, 1755. G[eorge] Washington, Fort Cumberland, [Md.], to [Gov. Robert dinwiddie]. Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Dequesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monogehela. [ca. 18 July, 1755]. R. Orme, [Fort Cumberland, Md.] to Gov. [Robert Dinwiddie], n.p. Detailed report of surprise attack on them by French and Indians; mentions the bravery of [George] Washington and his small band of men. 13 September, 1771. Survey map of Washington's boyhood home along the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredericksburg. Surveyed by George Washington. See oversize file. 19 June, 1775. Commission of George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army. Signed by John Cancock, President of Congress. See oversize file. June 1775-June, 1783. George Washington's accounts with the United States. 17 August-21 October, 1775. Orderly book of the camp at Cambidge, [Mass.], General Washington's headquarters. 17 October, 1777. John Hancock, Presid[en]t [of Congress], York Town, Pennsylvania, to the Assembly of the State of Virginia, [Williamsburg, Va.]. Transmits a copy of the returns from General [George] Washington, indicating the continental Army's dire need for clothing. 22 Oct. 1780. G[e]o[rge] Washington, H[ea]d Q[uarte]rs, Passaid Falls, [N.J.], to Geo[rge] Mason, Introduces Gen[era]l Gates Command, whose conduct is being investigated by Congress; tells of present problems, and relates feelings of despair that the struggle [American Revolution] has been based on false hopes; details changes which must take place in order to continue the war, including a permanent army, replenished funding, and a unified Congress. 22 May, [17]82. G[eorge] Washington, Newburgh, [N.Y.]. To Col. [Lewis] Nichola [sic] [Nicola]. Expresses wish to visit him [at Mount Vernon] soon; tells of news relating to the treaty [of Paris, 1783]; mention of the replacement of Doctor [Benjamin] Franklin; sentiments of affectionat friendship. See oversize file. 25 June, 1788. George Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to Sam[ue]l Powell, Thanks for the chair, which arrived \"in good order,\" and is \"handsome and neat\"; agricultural discussion including the mention of Sainfoin[?] grass seed, and Winlaw's threshing machine; critisizes Congress for their indecision in setting a new meeting place. 17 Sept. 1790. Washington's farewell address. See oversize file. Including correspondence relating to the gift. [ca. 1790]. Pen and ink sketch of George Washington made by [Benjamin H. Latrobe]. Including relative explanation. 18 May, 1794. G[eorge] Washington, Philadelphia, [Pa.], to his nephew, Robert Lewis, real estate discussion about lands owned in Winchester, [Va.], in Bath, and Berkeley counties, and along the Potomac [River]. 26 June, 1796. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.] to his nephew, Rob[er]t Lewis, n.p. Tells of upcoming schedule, including his retiring from public life on March 4, at which time \"no consideration under heaven that I can forsee shall again withdraw me from the walks of private life\"; mentions his mother's will in realtion to a dispute over some land on Accocoek Run; expresses sorrow at the death of Mrs. [Elizabeth Ball] Haynie, and readily agrees to care for her daughter in a monetary fashion; however, cannot have her stay at Mount Vernon because of his absence and later, much company, including the Ministers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal. Including items concerning the provenance and history of the letter 9 July, 1796. Document giving permission to Thomas Holder, captain of the ship Maria, to depart for spain, carrying a cargo of lumber. Signed by G[eorge] Washington and Edm[und] Randolph. See oversize file. 18 Mar. 1799. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to James McAlpine [Glasgow, Scotland]. Discussion of a custom-made suit, and gold thread needed. Including XCy. 1 p. 9 July, 1799. Will of George Washington. 11 May, 1896. Lawrence Washington, Alex[andria], Va., to Beverly Chew [?], n.p. Asks if he would be interested to buy, and at what pice, an original bookplate of Gen[era]l [George] Washington. Fragment of letter signed by George Washington.","Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Duquesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monongahela.","1754. Title page of a book, The Journal of Major George Washington, printed in Williamsburg, Va. 1800. Funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee, on the death of George Washington, printed in The Western Spy, and Hamilton Gazette, Cincinati, [Ohio]. See oversize file. 1839. Monuments of Washington's Petriotism: An Appeal to the public b P.W. Gallaudet. 1841. monuments of Washington's patriotism: an appeal to the public by P.W. Gallaudet. 1859. James Ross Snowdon, Director of the Mint of the United States, requesting, through a circular, anyone owning medals, coins, or tokens bearking Washington's name or head to turn them into him to supply the cabinet with a \"full set of these interesting materials.\" 1877. Daily Richmond Dispatch article entitled \"Washington--Pater Patriae.\" 1883. Invitation from the chamber of commerce of the state of New York to Benjamin S. Ewell for the unveiling of the statue of George Washington in Wall Street. PM. Framed. Missing 10-25-82 1895. The Spirit of '76, a monthly publication showing on its front cover a photograph of Washington's marriage to Martha Custis in 1759. 1897. Article from The Spirit of '76 about the relationship between George Washington and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 1917. Booklet advertising the plight of French children after World War I, and asking for assistance, relating the French's help to America (and George Washington) during the Revolution. 1920. Selections and annotations about a notebook written by Washington while in Va. in 1757. Edited by Victor Hugo Paltsits. 1925. Program of official ceremony celebrating the 193rd birthday of George Washington. 1925. Anniversary of the Birth of Washington: Address of Rep. R. Walton moore of Virginia at the Annual Washington Banquet of the Sons of the American Revolution, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929. The George Washington Scandals, by John C. Fitzpatrick. Bulletin No. 1 of the Washington Society of Alexandria, [Va.]. PM. 1930. \"When Washington's Sweetheart Fainted,\" a pamphlet advertisign restored Colonial Williamsburg.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.","Engraved by H.H. Hall's Sons, New York","Map drawn by National Geographic. See oversize file.","1932. Circular printed by the George Washington Bicentenial Committee of the Grand Lodge F. \u0026 A. M. of Indiana. Signed by Ja[me]s M. Clift, Grand Secretary. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. 1932. Invitation from the Governor of Virginia to be present at a celbration honoroing the religious character of George Washington and the drafting of the statues of Religious Liberty and Separation of Church and State. 1932. \"George Washington the Churchman,\" a sermon by Rev[eren]d Frank Landon, Humphreys, delivered at Bethesda-by-the-sea, Palm Beach, Florida. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the American Tree Association entitled \"George Washington Bi-Centennial Tree Planting.\" 1932. Principal Events in the Life of George Washington. A map by the General Drafting Co., Inc. for Standard oil Company of New Jersey, giving no scale. 1933. \"Harvard's First L. L. D.\" An article from the Boston Daily Globe. 1934. Advance release of address delivered by Hon. R. Walton moore entitled, \"Washington the Statesman in his Home Country.\" Including two items of correspondence regarding the aforementioned item. 1937. Program of the Unveiling Exercises of a Portrait of George Washington in the Court House at New Kent Co., Va. 1938. \"Washington's Burgess Route,\" by the Rev. Arthur P. Gray. 1938. \"George Washington's Godfather of Child Baptized at Cologne in 1795\" including one item of correspondence relating to the article. 1938. George Washington Biography Calendar. 1939, April. Inaguration of Gen. George Washington [showing his and John Adams' routes to New York City, N.Y. and a plan of the city of New York]. A map by the United States Constitution Sequicentennial Commission, with scales of 5:20 and 4:4000. 1948. Washington, D.C. Paper, The Evening Star, article on a recent discovery of a George Washington letter to Samuel Galloway.","\"General Washington's Order Book in the American Revolution.\" \"Subscribers to the Life of Washington.\" Advertisement entitled \"Washington and His Generals.\" \"Washington's Farewell Address, September 19, 1796,\" issued by the National Association of Democratic Clubs. Pamphlet, Known Journeys of Washington to Williamsburg between May 28, 1748 and August, 1775, by Sir Arthur Gray. \"Places in Fredericksburg Associated with George Washington.\" Guide to the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge. Pamphlet, Music written by George M. Cohan entitled \"Father of the Land We Love.\" \"History of the Great Republic,\" p.20, referring to George Washington. Advertisement of Forbes Lithograph Mfg. Co., using Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. \"George Washington, the Engineer,\" by Charles Colfax Long, President, sons of the Revolution in the District of Colombia. A Brief History of Alexandria: Washington Lodge No. 22 and of its First Worshipful Master General George Washington. Newspaper articles relating to George Washington. Various prints relating to George Washington, including one rendition of the Washington Monument, and Washington's various headquarters during the American Revolution.","Prints, engravings, pictures, and photographs of portraits of George Washington. Lithograph design of George Washington Monument by Charles Parsons (1821-1910), a certificate of subscription signed by James K. Polk, G[eorge] M. Dallas, John Quincy Adams, H[enry] Clay, Albert Gallatin, and Dan[ie]l Webster. See oversize file.","1925 article from Collier's magazine entitled, \"She Knew Martha Washington,\" prints and engravings of Martha Washington, and a facsimile of her china [Transferred to Manuscripts Artifact Collection].","Materials related to Mount Vernon, \"Wakefield,\" and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.","Includes: coat-of-arms of the Washington family; genealogical charts of the Washington family; material relating to the English branch of the Washington family, and their home, Sulgrave Manor, including a variation of a watercolor painting of the home, by Waller Scott; \"The Will of Mary Washington, Mother of George Washington, First President of the U.S.\"; extracts from the will of Col. John Washington. Also see oversize file."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePatrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","For preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:40.184Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Washington letters in the collection include: Letter, 1796 June 26, George Washington to his nephew Robert Lewis concerning his retirement from public life; and letter, Letter, 1799 March 18, of George Washington to James McAlpine concerning the making of a suit; Letter, 1783 November 15, George Washington to Governor George Clinton (Acc. 1997.073).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that, whenever available, patrons are required to use a digital surrogate, facsimile, or printed version instead of the original document.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e18 July, 1755. G[eorge] Washington, Fort Cumberland, [Md.], to [Gov. Robert dinwiddie]. Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Dequesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monogehela. [ca. 18 July, 1755]. R. Orme, [Fort Cumberland, Md.] to Gov. [Robert Dinwiddie], n.p. Detailed report of surprise attack on them by French and Indians; mentions the bravery of [George] Washington and his small band of men. 13 September, 1771. Survey map of Washington's boyhood home along the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredericksburg. Surveyed by George Washington. See oversize file. 19 June, 1775. Commission of George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army. Signed by John Cancock, President of Congress. See oversize file. June 1775-June, 1783. George Washington's accounts with the United States. 17 August-21 October, 1775. Orderly book of the camp at Cambidge, [Mass.], General Washington's headquarters. 17 October, 1777. John Hancock, Presid[en]t [of Congress], York Town, Pennsylvania, to the Assembly of the State of Virginia, [Williamsburg, Va.]. Transmits a copy of the returns from General [George] Washington, indicating the continental Army's dire need for clothing. 22 Oct. 1780. G[e]o[rge] Washington, H[ea]d Q[uarte]rs, Passaid Falls, [N.J.], to Geo[rge] Mason, Introduces Gen[era]l Gates Command, whose conduct is being investigated by Congress; tells of present problems, and relates feelings of despair that the struggle [American Revolution] has been based on false hopes; details changes which must take place in order to continue the war, including a permanent army, replenished funding, and a unified Congress. 22 May, [17]82. G[eorge] Washington, Newburgh, [N.Y.]. To Col. [Lewis] Nichola [sic] [Nicola]. Expresses wish to visit him [at Mount Vernon] soon; tells of news relating to the treaty [of Paris, 1783]; mention of the replacement of Doctor [Benjamin] Franklin; sentiments of affectionat friendship. See oversize file. 25 June, 1788. George Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to Sam[ue]l Powell, Thanks for the chair, which arrived \"in good order,\" and is \"handsome and neat\"; agricultural discussion including the mention of Sainfoin[?] grass seed, and Winlaw's threshing machine; critisizes Congress for their indecision in setting a new meeting place. 17 Sept. 1790. Washington's farewell address. See oversize file. Including correspondence relating to the gift. [ca. 1790]. Pen and ink sketch of George Washington made by [Benjamin H. Latrobe]. Including relative explanation. 18 May, 1794. G[eorge] Washington, Philadelphia, [Pa.], to his nephew, Robert Lewis, real estate discussion about lands owned in Winchester, [Va.], in Bath, and Berkeley counties, and along the Potomac [River]. 26 June, 1796. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.] to his nephew, Rob[er]t Lewis, n.p. Tells of upcoming schedule, including his retiring from public life on March 4, at which time \"no consideration under heaven that I can forsee shall again withdraw me from the walks of private life\"; mentions his mother's will in realtion to a dispute over some land on Accocoek Run; expresses sorrow at the death of Mrs. [Elizabeth Ball] Haynie, and readily agrees to care for her daughter in a monetary fashion; however, cannot have her stay at Mount Vernon because of his absence and later, much company, including the Ministers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal. Including items concerning the provenance and history of the letter 9 July, 1796. Document giving permission to Thomas Holder, captain of the ship Maria, to depart for spain, carrying a cargo of lumber. Signed by G[eorge] Washington and Edm[und] Randolph. See oversize file. 18 Mar. 1799. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to James McAlpine [Glasgow, Scotland]. Discussion of a custom-made suit, and gold thread needed. Including XCy. 1 p. 9 July, 1799. Will of George Washington. 11 May, 1896. Lawrence Washington, Alex[andria], Va., to Beverly Chew [?], n.p. Asks if he would be interested to buy, and at what pice, an original bookplate of Gen[era]l [George] Washington. Fragment of letter signed by George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Duquesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monongahela.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1754. Title page of a book, The Journal of Major George Washington, printed in Williamsburg, Va. 1800. Funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee, on the death of George Washington, printed in The Western Spy, and Hamilton Gazette, Cincinati, [Ohio]. See oversize file. 1839. Monuments of Washington's Petriotism: An Appeal to the public b P.W. Gallaudet. 1841. monuments of Washington's patriotism: an appeal to the public by P.W. Gallaudet. 1859. James Ross Snowdon, Director of the Mint of the United States, requesting, through a circular, anyone owning medals, coins, or tokens bearking Washington's name or head to turn them into him to supply the cabinet with a \"full set of these interesting materials.\" 1877. Daily Richmond Dispatch article entitled \"Washington--Pater Patriae.\" 1883. Invitation from the chamber of commerce of the state of New York to Benjamin S. Ewell for the unveiling of the statue of George Washington in Wall Street. PM. Framed. Missing 10-25-82 1895. The Spirit of '76, a monthly publication showing on its front cover a photograph of Washington's marriage to Martha Custis in 1759. 1897. Article from The Spirit of '76 about the relationship between George Washington and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 1917. Booklet advertising the plight of French children after World War I, and asking for assistance, relating the French's help to America (and George Washington) during the Revolution. 1920. Selections and annotations about a notebook written by Washington while in Va. in 1757. Edited by Victor Hugo Paltsits. 1925. Program of official ceremony celebrating the 193rd birthday of George Washington. 1925. Anniversary of the Birth of Washington: Address of Rep. R. Walton moore of Virginia at the Annual Washington Banquet of the Sons of the American Revolution, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929. The George Washington Scandals, by John C. Fitzpatrick. Bulletin No. 1 of the Washington Society of Alexandria, [Va.]. PM. 1930. \"When Washington's Sweetheart Fainted,\" a pamphlet advertisign restored Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngraved by H.H. Hall's Sons, New York\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap drawn by National Geographic. See oversize file.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1932. Circular printed by the George Washington Bicentenial Committee of the Grand Lodge F. \u0026amp; A. M. of Indiana. Signed by Ja[me]s M. Clift, Grand Secretary. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. 1932. Invitation from the Governor of Virginia to be present at a celbration honoroing the religious character of George Washington and the drafting of the statues of Religious Liberty and Separation of Church and State. 1932. \"George Washington the Churchman,\" a sermon by Rev[eren]d Frank Landon, Humphreys, delivered at Bethesda-by-the-sea, Palm Beach, Florida. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the American Tree Association entitled \"George Washington Bi-Centennial Tree Planting.\" 1932. Principal Events in the Life of George Washington. A map by the General Drafting Co., Inc. for Standard oil Company of New Jersey, giving no scale. 1933. \"Harvard's First L. L. D.\" An article from the Boston Daily Globe. 1934. Advance release of address delivered by Hon. R. Walton moore entitled, \"Washington the Statesman in his Home Country.\" Including two items of correspondence regarding the aforementioned item. 1937. Program of the Unveiling Exercises of a Portrait of George Washington in the Court House at New Kent Co., Va. 1938. \"Washington's Burgess Route,\" by the Rev. Arthur P. Gray. 1938. \"George Washington's Godfather of Child Baptized at Cologne in 1795\" including one item of correspondence relating to the article. 1938. George Washington Biography Calendar. 1939, April. Inaguration of Gen. George Washington [showing his and John Adams' routes to New York City, N.Y. and a plan of the city of New York]. A map by the United States Constitution Sequicentennial Commission, with scales of 5:20 and 4:4000. 1948. Washington, D.C. Paper, The Evening Star, article on a recent discovery of a George Washington letter to Samuel Galloway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"General Washington's Order Book in the American Revolution.\" \"Subscribers to the Life of Washington.\" Advertisement entitled \"Washington and His Generals.\" \"Washington's Farewell Address, September 19, 1796,\" issued by the National Association of Democratic Clubs. Pamphlet, Known Journeys of Washington to Williamsburg between May 28, 1748 and August, 1775, by Sir Arthur Gray. \"Places in Fredericksburg Associated with George Washington.\" Guide to the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge. Pamphlet, Music written by George M. Cohan entitled \"Father of the Land We Love.\" \"History of the Great Republic,\" p.20, referring to George Washington. Advertisement of Forbes Lithograph Mfg. Co., using Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. \"George Washington, the Engineer,\" by Charles Colfax Long, President, sons of the Revolution in the District of Colombia. A Brief History of Alexandria: Washington Lodge No. 22 and of its First Worshipful Master General George Washington. Newspaper articles relating to George Washington. Various prints relating to George Washington, including one rendition of the Washington Monument, and Washington's various headquarters during the American Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrints, engravings, pictures, and photographs of portraits of George Washington. Lithograph design of George Washington Monument by Charles Parsons (1821-1910), a certificate of subscription signed by James K. Polk, G[eorge] M. Dallas, John Quincy Adams, H[enry] Clay, Albert Gallatin, and Dan[ie]l Webster. See oversize file.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925 article from Collier's magazine entitled, \"She Knew Martha Washington,\" prints and engravings of Martha Washington, and a facsimile of her china [Transferred to Manuscripts Artifact Collection].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Mount Vernon, \"Wakefield,\" and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: coat-of-arms of the Washington family; genealogical charts of the Washington family; material relating to the English branch of the Washington family, and their home, Sulgrave Manor, including a variation of a watercolor painting of the home, by Waller Scott; \"The Will of Mary Washington, Mother of George Washington, First President of the U.S.\"; extracts from the will of Col. John Washington. Also see oversize file.\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_926","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_926.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Washington, George, Papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts]"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts]"],"unitdate_ssm":["1755-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1755-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1755/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932"],"text":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932","Mss. 39.1 W25","/repositories/2/resources/926","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","United States--Presidents","Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","George Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799) led America's Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. He served two four-year terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington served as the first American Chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 1788 to 1799.","Box and folder list inventory completed by Zach Woodward, SCRC staff, in March 2011.","For other Washington material, see Dunmore Family Papers (I) (Mss. 65 D92), Dismal Swamp Collection (Mss. 39.2 D63), Powell Family Papers (Mss. 65 P875) and Leven Powell Papers (Mss. 65 P87).","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)","Photostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps.","Original Washington letters in the collection include: Letter, 1796 June 26, George Washington to his nephew Robert Lewis concerning his retirement from public life; and letter, Letter, 1799 March 18, of George Washington to James McAlpine concerning the making of a suit; Letter, 1783 November 15, George Washington to Governor George Clinton (Acc. 1997.073).","Please note that, whenever available, patrons are required to use a digital surrogate, facsimile, or printed version instead of the original document.","18 July, 1755. G[eorge] Washington, Fort Cumberland, [Md.], to [Gov. Robert dinwiddie]. Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Dequesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monogehela. [ca. 18 July, 1755]. R. Orme, [Fort Cumberland, Md.] to Gov. [Robert Dinwiddie], n.p. Detailed report of surprise attack on them by French and Indians; mentions the bravery of [George] Washington and his small band of men. 13 September, 1771. Survey map of Washington's boyhood home along the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredericksburg. Surveyed by George Washington. See oversize file. 19 June, 1775. Commission of George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army. Signed by John Cancock, President of Congress. See oversize file. June 1775-June, 1783. George Washington's accounts with the United States. 17 August-21 October, 1775. Orderly book of the camp at Cambidge, [Mass.], General Washington's headquarters. 17 October, 1777. John Hancock, Presid[en]t [of Congress], York Town, Pennsylvania, to the Assembly of the State of Virginia, [Williamsburg, Va.]. Transmits a copy of the returns from General [George] Washington, indicating the continental Army's dire need for clothing. 22 Oct. 1780. G[e]o[rge] Washington, H[ea]d Q[uarte]rs, Passaid Falls, [N.J.], to Geo[rge] Mason, Introduces Gen[era]l Gates Command, whose conduct is being investigated by Congress; tells of present problems, and relates feelings of despair that the struggle [American Revolution] has been based on false hopes; details changes which must take place in order to continue the war, including a permanent army, replenished funding, and a unified Congress. 22 May, [17]82. G[eorge] Washington, Newburgh, [N.Y.]. To Col. [Lewis] Nichola [sic] [Nicola]. Expresses wish to visit him [at Mount Vernon] soon; tells of news relating to the treaty [of Paris, 1783]; mention of the replacement of Doctor [Benjamin] Franklin; sentiments of affectionat friendship. See oversize file. 25 June, 1788. George Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to Sam[ue]l Powell, Thanks for the chair, which arrived \"in good order,\" and is \"handsome and neat\"; agricultural discussion including the mention of Sainfoin[?] grass seed, and Winlaw's threshing machine; critisizes Congress for their indecision in setting a new meeting place. 17 Sept. 1790. Washington's farewell address. See oversize file. Including correspondence relating to the gift. [ca. 1790]. Pen and ink sketch of George Washington made by [Benjamin H. Latrobe]. Including relative explanation. 18 May, 1794. G[eorge] Washington, Philadelphia, [Pa.], to his nephew, Robert Lewis, real estate discussion about lands owned in Winchester, [Va.], in Bath, and Berkeley counties, and along the Potomac [River]. 26 June, 1796. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.] to his nephew, Rob[er]t Lewis, n.p. Tells of upcoming schedule, including his retiring from public life on March 4, at which time \"no consideration under heaven that I can forsee shall again withdraw me from the walks of private life\"; mentions his mother's will in realtion to a dispute over some land on Accocoek Run; expresses sorrow at the death of Mrs. [Elizabeth Ball] Haynie, and readily agrees to care for her daughter in a monetary fashion; however, cannot have her stay at Mount Vernon because of his absence and later, much company, including the Ministers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal. Including items concerning the provenance and history of the letter 9 July, 1796. Document giving permission to Thomas Holder, captain of the ship Maria, to depart for spain, carrying a cargo of lumber. Signed by G[eorge] Washington and Edm[und] Randolph. See oversize file. 18 Mar. 1799. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to James McAlpine [Glasgow, Scotland]. Discussion of a custom-made suit, and gold thread needed. Including XCy. 1 p. 9 July, 1799. Will of George Washington. 11 May, 1896. Lawrence Washington, Alex[andria], Va., to Beverly Chew [?], n.p. Asks if he would be interested to buy, and at what pice, an original bookplate of Gen[era]l [George] Washington. Fragment of letter signed by George Washington.","Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Duquesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monongahela.","1754. Title page of a book, The Journal of Major George Washington, printed in Williamsburg, Va. 1800. Funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee, on the death of George Washington, printed in The Western Spy, and Hamilton Gazette, Cincinati, [Ohio]. See oversize file. 1839. Monuments of Washington's Petriotism: An Appeal to the public b P.W. Gallaudet. 1841. monuments of Washington's patriotism: an appeal to the public by P.W. Gallaudet. 1859. James Ross Snowdon, Director of the Mint of the United States, requesting, through a circular, anyone owning medals, coins, or tokens bearking Washington's name or head to turn them into him to supply the cabinet with a \"full set of these interesting materials.\" 1877. Daily Richmond Dispatch article entitled \"Washington--Pater Patriae.\" 1883. Invitation from the chamber of commerce of the state of New York to Benjamin S. Ewell for the unveiling of the statue of George Washington in Wall Street. PM. Framed. Missing 10-25-82 1895. The Spirit of '76, a monthly publication showing on its front cover a photograph of Washington's marriage to Martha Custis in 1759. 1897. Article from The Spirit of '76 about the relationship between George Washington and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 1917. Booklet advertising the plight of French children after World War I, and asking for assistance, relating the French's help to America (and George Washington) during the Revolution. 1920. Selections and annotations about a notebook written by Washington while in Va. in 1757. Edited by Victor Hugo Paltsits. 1925. Program of official ceremony celebrating the 193rd birthday of George Washington. 1925. Anniversary of the Birth of Washington: Address of Rep. R. Walton moore of Virginia at the Annual Washington Banquet of the Sons of the American Revolution, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929. The George Washington Scandals, by John C. Fitzpatrick. Bulletin No. 1 of the Washington Society of Alexandria, [Va.]. PM. 1930. \"When Washington's Sweetheart Fainted,\" a pamphlet advertisign restored Colonial Williamsburg.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.","Engraved by H.H. Hall's Sons, New York","Map drawn by National Geographic. See oversize file.","1932. Circular printed by the George Washington Bicentenial Committee of the Grand Lodge F. \u0026 A. M. of Indiana. Signed by Ja[me]s M. Clift, Grand Secretary. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. 1932. Invitation from the Governor of Virginia to be present at a celbration honoroing the religious character of George Washington and the drafting of the statues of Religious Liberty and Separation of Church and State. 1932. \"George Washington the Churchman,\" a sermon by Rev[eren]d Frank Landon, Humphreys, delivered at Bethesda-by-the-sea, Palm Beach, Florida. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the American Tree Association entitled \"George Washington Bi-Centennial Tree Planting.\" 1932. Principal Events in the Life of George Washington. A map by the General Drafting Co., Inc. for Standard oil Company of New Jersey, giving no scale. 1933. \"Harvard's First L. L. D.\" An article from the Boston Daily Globe. 1934. Advance release of address delivered by Hon. R. Walton moore entitled, \"Washington the Statesman in his Home Country.\" Including two items of correspondence regarding the aforementioned item. 1937. Program of the Unveiling Exercises of a Portrait of George Washington in the Court House at New Kent Co., Va. 1938. \"Washington's Burgess Route,\" by the Rev. Arthur P. Gray. 1938. \"George Washington's Godfather of Child Baptized at Cologne in 1795\" including one item of correspondence relating to the article. 1938. George Washington Biography Calendar. 1939, April. Inaguration of Gen. George Washington [showing his and John Adams' routes to New York City, N.Y. and a plan of the city of New York]. A map by the United States Constitution Sequicentennial Commission, with scales of 5:20 and 4:4000. 1948. Washington, D.C. Paper, The Evening Star, article on a recent discovery of a George Washington letter to Samuel Galloway.","\"General Washington's Order Book in the American Revolution.\" \"Subscribers to the Life of Washington.\" Advertisement entitled \"Washington and His Generals.\" \"Washington's Farewell Address, September 19, 1796,\" issued by the National Association of Democratic Clubs. Pamphlet, Known Journeys of Washington to Williamsburg between May 28, 1748 and August, 1775, by Sir Arthur Gray. \"Places in Fredericksburg Associated with George Washington.\" Guide to the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge. Pamphlet, Music written by George M. Cohan entitled \"Father of the Land We Love.\" \"History of the Great Republic,\" p.20, referring to George Washington. Advertisement of Forbes Lithograph Mfg. Co., using Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. \"George Washington, the Engineer,\" by Charles Colfax Long, President, sons of the Revolution in the District of Colombia. A Brief History of Alexandria: Washington Lodge No. 22 and of its First Worshipful Master General George Washington. Newspaper articles relating to George Washington. Various prints relating to George Washington, including one rendition of the Washington Monument, and Washington's various headquarters during the American Revolution.","Prints, engravings, pictures, and photographs of portraits of George Washington. Lithograph design of George Washington Monument by Charles Parsons (1821-1910), a certificate of subscription signed by James K. Polk, G[eorge] M. Dallas, John Quincy Adams, H[enry] Clay, Albert Gallatin, and Dan[ie]l Webster. See oversize file.","1925 article from Collier's magazine entitled, \"She Knew Martha Washington,\" prints and engravings of Martha Washington, and a facsimile of her china [Transferred to Manuscripts Artifact Collection].","Materials related to Mount Vernon, \"Wakefield,\" and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.","Includes: coat-of-arms of the Washington family; genealogical charts of the Washington family; material relating to the English branch of the Washington family, and their home, Sulgrave Manor, including a variation of a watercolor painting of the home, by Waller Scott; \"The Will of Mary Washington, Mother of George Washington, First President of the U.S.\"; extracts from the will of Col. John Washington. Also see oversize file.","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","For preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.","Special Collections Research Center","Washington, George, 1732-1799","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Papers [in part: photostats, printed copies, typescripts], 1755/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.1 W25","/repositories/2/resources/926"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.1 W25","/repositories/2/resources/926"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","For preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials that comprise this collection were donated and purchased by W\u0026M Special Collections from numerous individuals between 1928 and 1997."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","United States--Presidents","Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","United States--Presidents","Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photocopies","Typescripts"],"date_range_isim":[1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799) led America's Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. He served two four-year terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington served as the first American Chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 1788 to 1799.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington (February 22, 1732 - December 14, 1799) led America's Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. He served two four-year terms from 1789 to 1797. Washington served as the first American Chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 1788 to 1799."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox and folder list inventory completed by Zach Woodward, SCRC staff, in March 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Box and folder list inventory completed by Zach Woodward, SCRC staff, in March 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor other Washington material, see Dunmore Family Papers (I) (Mss. 65 D92), Dismal Swamp Collection (Mss. 39.2 D63), Powell Family Papers (Mss. 65 P875) and Leven Powell Papers (Mss. 65 P87).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For other Washington material, see Dunmore Family Papers (I) (Mss. 65 D92), Dismal Swamp Collection (Mss. 39.2 D63), Powell Family Papers (Mss. 65 P875) and Leven Powell Papers (Mss. 65 P87).","Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps.","Original Washington letters in the collection include: Letter, 1796 June 26, George Washington to his nephew Robert Lewis concerning his retirement from public life; and letter, Letter, 1799 March 18, of George Washington to James McAlpine concerning the making of a suit; Letter, 1783 November 15, George Washington to Governor George Clinton (Acc. 1997.073).","Please note that, whenever available, patrons are required to use a digital surrogate, facsimile, or printed version instead of the original document.","18 July, 1755. G[eorge] Washington, Fort Cumberland, [Md.], to [Gov. Robert dinwiddie]. Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Dequesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monogehela. [ca. 18 July, 1755]. R. Orme, [Fort Cumberland, Md.] to Gov. [Robert Dinwiddie], n.p. Detailed report of surprise attack on them by French and Indians; mentions the bravery of [George] Washington and his small band of men. 13 September, 1771. Survey map of Washington's boyhood home along the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredericksburg. Surveyed by George Washington. See oversize file. 19 June, 1775. Commission of George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army. Signed by John Cancock, President of Congress. See oversize file. June 1775-June, 1783. George Washington's accounts with the United States. 17 August-21 October, 1775. Orderly book of the camp at Cambidge, [Mass.], General Washington's headquarters. 17 October, 1777. John Hancock, Presid[en]t [of Congress], York Town, Pennsylvania, to the Assembly of the State of Virginia, [Williamsburg, Va.]. Transmits a copy of the returns from General [George] Washington, indicating the continental Army's dire need for clothing. 22 Oct. 1780. G[e]o[rge] Washington, H[ea]d Q[uarte]rs, Passaid Falls, [N.J.], to Geo[rge] Mason, Introduces Gen[era]l Gates Command, whose conduct is being investigated by Congress; tells of present problems, and relates feelings of despair that the struggle [American Revolution] has been based on false hopes; details changes which must take place in order to continue the war, including a permanent army, replenished funding, and a unified Congress. 22 May, [17]82. G[eorge] Washington, Newburgh, [N.Y.]. To Col. [Lewis] Nichola [sic] [Nicola]. Expresses wish to visit him [at Mount Vernon] soon; tells of news relating to the treaty [of Paris, 1783]; mention of the replacement of Doctor [Benjamin] Franklin; sentiments of affectionat friendship. See oversize file. 25 June, 1788. George Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to Sam[ue]l Powell, Thanks for the chair, which arrived \"in good order,\" and is \"handsome and neat\"; agricultural discussion including the mention of Sainfoin[?] grass seed, and Winlaw's threshing machine; critisizes Congress for their indecision in setting a new meeting place. 17 Sept. 1790. Washington's farewell address. See oversize file. Including correspondence relating to the gift. [ca. 1790]. Pen and ink sketch of George Washington made by [Benjamin H. Latrobe]. Including relative explanation. 18 May, 1794. G[eorge] Washington, Philadelphia, [Pa.], to his nephew, Robert Lewis, real estate discussion about lands owned in Winchester, [Va.], in Bath, and Berkeley counties, and along the Potomac [River]. 26 June, 1796. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.] to his nephew, Rob[er]t Lewis, n.p. Tells of upcoming schedule, including his retiring from public life on March 4, at which time \"no consideration under heaven that I can forsee shall again withdraw me from the walks of private life\"; mentions his mother's will in realtion to a dispute over some land on Accocoek Run; expresses sorrow at the death of Mrs. [Elizabeth Ball] Haynie, and readily agrees to care for her daughter in a monetary fashion; however, cannot have her stay at Mount Vernon because of his absence and later, much company, including the Ministers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal. Including items concerning the provenance and history of the letter 9 July, 1796. Document giving permission to Thomas Holder, captain of the ship Maria, to depart for spain, carrying a cargo of lumber. Signed by G[eorge] Washington and Edm[und] Randolph. See oversize file. 18 Mar. 1799. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to James McAlpine [Glasgow, Scotland]. Discussion of a custom-made suit, and gold thread needed. Including XCy. 1 p. 9 July, 1799. Will of George Washington. 11 May, 1896. Lawrence Washington, Alex[andria], Va., to Beverly Chew [?], n.p. Asks if he would be interested to buy, and at what pice, an original bookplate of Gen[era]l [George] Washington. Fragment of letter signed by George Washington.","Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Duquesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monongahela.","1754. Title page of a book, The Journal of Major George Washington, printed in Williamsburg, Va. 1800. Funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee, on the death of George Washington, printed in The Western Spy, and Hamilton Gazette, Cincinati, [Ohio]. See oversize file. 1839. Monuments of Washington's Petriotism: An Appeal to the public b P.W. Gallaudet. 1841. monuments of Washington's patriotism: an appeal to the public by P.W. Gallaudet. 1859. James Ross Snowdon, Director of the Mint of the United States, requesting, through a circular, anyone owning medals, coins, or tokens bearking Washington's name or head to turn them into him to supply the cabinet with a \"full set of these interesting materials.\" 1877. Daily Richmond Dispatch article entitled \"Washington--Pater Patriae.\" 1883. Invitation from the chamber of commerce of the state of New York to Benjamin S. Ewell for the unveiling of the statue of George Washington in Wall Street. PM. Framed. Missing 10-25-82 1895. The Spirit of '76, a monthly publication showing on its front cover a photograph of Washington's marriage to Martha Custis in 1759. 1897. Article from The Spirit of '76 about the relationship between George Washington and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 1917. Booklet advertising the plight of French children after World War I, and asking for assistance, relating the French's help to America (and George Washington) during the Revolution. 1920. Selections and annotations about a notebook written by Washington while in Va. in 1757. Edited by Victor Hugo Paltsits. 1925. Program of official ceremony celebrating the 193rd birthday of George Washington. 1925. Anniversary of the Birth of Washington: Address of Rep. R. Walton moore of Virginia at the Annual Washington Banquet of the Sons of the American Revolution, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929. The George Washington Scandals, by John C. Fitzpatrick. Bulletin No. 1 of the Washington Society of Alexandria, [Va.]. PM. 1930. \"When Washington's Sweetheart Fainted,\" a pamphlet advertisign restored Colonial Williamsburg.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.","Engraved by H.H. Hall's Sons, New York","Map drawn by National Geographic. See oversize file.","1932. Circular printed by the George Washington Bicentenial Committee of the Grand Lodge F. \u0026 A. M. of Indiana. Signed by Ja[me]s M. Clift, Grand Secretary. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. 1932. Invitation from the Governor of Virginia to be present at a celbration honoroing the religious character of George Washington and the drafting of the statues of Religious Liberty and Separation of Church and State. 1932. \"George Washington the Churchman,\" a sermon by Rev[eren]d Frank Landon, Humphreys, delivered at Bethesda-by-the-sea, Palm Beach, Florida. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the American Tree Association entitled \"George Washington Bi-Centennial Tree Planting.\" 1932. Principal Events in the Life of George Washington. A map by the General Drafting Co., Inc. for Standard oil Company of New Jersey, giving no scale. 1933. \"Harvard's First L. L. D.\" An article from the Boston Daily Globe. 1934. Advance release of address delivered by Hon. R. Walton moore entitled, \"Washington the Statesman in his Home Country.\" Including two items of correspondence regarding the aforementioned item. 1937. Program of the Unveiling Exercises of a Portrait of George Washington in the Court House at New Kent Co., Va. 1938. \"Washington's Burgess Route,\" by the Rev. Arthur P. Gray. 1938. \"George Washington's Godfather of Child Baptized at Cologne in 1795\" including one item of correspondence relating to the article. 1938. George Washington Biography Calendar. 1939, April. Inaguration of Gen. George Washington [showing his and John Adams' routes to New York City, N.Y. and a plan of the city of New York]. A map by the United States Constitution Sequicentennial Commission, with scales of 5:20 and 4:4000. 1948. Washington, D.C. Paper, The Evening Star, article on a recent discovery of a George Washington letter to Samuel Galloway.","\"General Washington's Order Book in the American Revolution.\" \"Subscribers to the Life of Washington.\" Advertisement entitled \"Washington and His Generals.\" \"Washington's Farewell Address, September 19, 1796,\" issued by the National Association of Democratic Clubs. Pamphlet, Known Journeys of Washington to Williamsburg between May 28, 1748 and August, 1775, by Sir Arthur Gray. \"Places in Fredericksburg Associated with George Washington.\" Guide to the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge. Pamphlet, Music written by George M. Cohan entitled \"Father of the Land We Love.\" \"History of the Great Republic,\" p.20, referring to George Washington. Advertisement of Forbes Lithograph Mfg. Co., using Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. \"George Washington, the Engineer,\" by Charles Colfax Long, President, sons of the Revolution in the District of Colombia. A Brief History of Alexandria: Washington Lodge No. 22 and of its First Worshipful Master General George Washington. Newspaper articles relating to George Washington. Various prints relating to George Washington, including one rendition of the Washington Monument, and Washington's various headquarters during the American Revolution.","Prints, engravings, pictures, and photographs of portraits of George Washington. Lithograph design of George Washington Monument by Charles Parsons (1821-1910), a certificate of subscription signed by James K. Polk, G[eorge] M. Dallas, John Quincy Adams, H[enry] Clay, Albert Gallatin, and Dan[ie]l Webster. See oversize file.","1925 article from Collier's magazine entitled, \"She Knew Martha Washington,\" prints and engravings of Martha Washington, and a facsimile of her china [Transferred to Manuscripts Artifact Collection].","Materials related to Mount Vernon, \"Wakefield,\" and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.","Includes: coat-of-arms of the Washington family; genealogical charts of the Washington family; material relating to the English branch of the Washington family, and their home, Sulgrave Manor, including a variation of a watercolor painting of the home, by Waller Scott; \"The Will of Mary Washington, Mother of George Washington, First President of the U.S.\"; extracts from the will of Col. John Washington. Also see oversize file."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Artifacts transferred to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03) include: Facsimile Dinner Plate (Mss 39.1W25.01)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePatrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","For preservation reasons, researchers are asked to use a digial surogate or published version of the original items, if available.","Patrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:40.184Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotostats, typescripts, original and printed copies of letters and papers of and about George Washington, Martha Washington and Mary Ball Washington; manuscript of \"The Washingtons of Sulgrave\" by S. H. Lee Washington; portrait engravings and prints of George Washington and places and events associated with him, including an original pen and ink sketch [ca. 1790] by Benjamin H. Latrobe; a piece of sheet music written in honor of George Washington by George M. Cohan; and various maps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Washington letters in the collection include: Letter, 1796 June 26, George Washington to his nephew Robert Lewis concerning his retirement from public life; and letter, Letter, 1799 March 18, of George Washington to James McAlpine concerning the making of a suit; Letter, 1783 November 15, George Washington to Governor George Clinton (Acc. 1997.073).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that, whenever available, patrons are required to use a digital surrogate, facsimile, or printed version instead of the original document.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e18 July, 1755. G[eorge] Washington, Fort Cumberland, [Md.], to [Gov. Robert dinwiddie]. Gives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Dequesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monogehela. [ca. 18 July, 1755]. R. Orme, [Fort Cumberland, Md.] to Gov. [Robert Dinwiddie], n.p. Detailed report of surprise attack on them by French and Indians; mentions the bravery of [George] Washington and his small band of men. 13 September, 1771. Survey map of Washington's boyhood home along the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredericksburg. Surveyed by George Washington. See oversize file. 19 June, 1775. Commission of George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army. Signed by John Cancock, President of Congress. See oversize file. June 1775-June, 1783. George Washington's accounts with the United States. 17 August-21 October, 1775. Orderly book of the camp at Cambidge, [Mass.], General Washington's headquarters. 17 October, 1777. John Hancock, Presid[en]t [of Congress], York Town, Pennsylvania, to the Assembly of the State of Virginia, [Williamsburg, Va.]. Transmits a copy of the returns from General [George] Washington, indicating the continental Army's dire need for clothing. 22 Oct. 1780. G[e]o[rge] Washington, H[ea]d Q[uarte]rs, Passaid Falls, [N.J.], to Geo[rge] Mason, Introduces Gen[era]l Gates Command, whose conduct is being investigated by Congress; tells of present problems, and relates feelings of despair that the struggle [American Revolution] has been based on false hopes; details changes which must take place in order to continue the war, including a permanent army, replenished funding, and a unified Congress. 22 May, [17]82. G[eorge] Washington, Newburgh, [N.Y.]. To Col. [Lewis] Nichola [sic] [Nicola]. Expresses wish to visit him [at Mount Vernon] soon; tells of news relating to the treaty [of Paris, 1783]; mention of the replacement of Doctor [Benjamin] Franklin; sentiments of affectionat friendship. See oversize file. 25 June, 1788. George Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to Sam[ue]l Powell, Thanks for the chair, which arrived \"in good order,\" and is \"handsome and neat\"; agricultural discussion including the mention of Sainfoin[?] grass seed, and Winlaw's threshing machine; critisizes Congress for their indecision in setting a new meeting place. 17 Sept. 1790. Washington's farewell address. See oversize file. Including correspondence relating to the gift. [ca. 1790]. Pen and ink sketch of George Washington made by [Benjamin H. Latrobe]. Including relative explanation. 18 May, 1794. G[eorge] Washington, Philadelphia, [Pa.], to his nephew, Robert Lewis, real estate discussion about lands owned in Winchester, [Va.], in Bath, and Berkeley counties, and along the Potomac [River]. 26 June, 1796. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.] to his nephew, Rob[er]t Lewis, n.p. Tells of upcoming schedule, including his retiring from public life on March 4, at which time \"no consideration under heaven that I can forsee shall again withdraw me from the walks of private life\"; mentions his mother's will in realtion to a dispute over some land on Accocoek Run; expresses sorrow at the death of Mrs. [Elizabeth Ball] Haynie, and readily agrees to care for her daughter in a monetary fashion; however, cannot have her stay at Mount Vernon because of his absence and later, much company, including the Ministers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal. Including items concerning the provenance and history of the letter 9 July, 1796. Document giving permission to Thomas Holder, captain of the ship Maria, to depart for spain, carrying a cargo of lumber. Signed by G[eorge] Washington and Edm[und] Randolph. See oversize file. 18 Mar. 1799. G[e]o[rge] Washington, Mt. Vernon, [Va.], to James McAlpine [Glasgow, Scotland]. Discussion of a custom-made suit, and gold thread needed. Including XCy. 1 p. 9 July, 1799. Will of George Washington. 11 May, 1896. Lawrence Washington, Alex[andria], Va., to Beverly Chew [?], n.p. Asks if he would be interested to buy, and at what pice, an original bookplate of Gen[era]l [George] Washington. Fragment of letter signed by George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives report of an unexpected attack by about 300 French and Indians during his troop's march to Fort Duquesne, in which heavy losses of American men were felt; includes a list of officers wounded or killed at Monongahela.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1754. Title page of a book, The Journal of Major George Washington, printed in Williamsburg, Va. 1800. Funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee, on the death of George Washington, printed in The Western Spy, and Hamilton Gazette, Cincinati, [Ohio]. See oversize file. 1839. Monuments of Washington's Petriotism: An Appeal to the public b P.W. Gallaudet. 1841. monuments of Washington's patriotism: an appeal to the public by P.W. Gallaudet. 1859. James Ross Snowdon, Director of the Mint of the United States, requesting, through a circular, anyone owning medals, coins, or tokens bearking Washington's name or head to turn them into him to supply the cabinet with a \"full set of these interesting materials.\" 1877. Daily Richmond Dispatch article entitled \"Washington--Pater Patriae.\" 1883. Invitation from the chamber of commerce of the state of New York to Benjamin S. Ewell for the unveiling of the statue of George Washington in Wall Street. PM. Framed. Missing 10-25-82 1895. The Spirit of '76, a monthly publication showing on its front cover a photograph of Washington's marriage to Martha Custis in 1759. 1897. Article from The Spirit of '76 about the relationship between George Washington and Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth. 1917. Booklet advertising the plight of French children after World War I, and asking for assistance, relating the French's help to America (and George Washington) during the Revolution. 1920. Selections and annotations about a notebook written by Washington while in Va. in 1757. Edited by Victor Hugo Paltsits. 1925. Program of official ceremony celebrating the 193rd birthday of George Washington. 1925. Anniversary of the Birth of Washington: Address of Rep. R. Walton moore of Virginia at the Annual Washington Banquet of the Sons of the American Revolution, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929. The George Washington Scandals, by John C. Fitzpatrick. Bulletin No. 1 of the Washington Society of Alexandria, [Va.]. PM. 1930. \"When Washington's Sweetheart Fainted,\" a pamphlet advertisign restored Colonial Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatrons are required to use the facsimile copy instead of the original.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngraved by H.H. Hall's Sons, New York\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap drawn by National Geographic. See oversize file.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1932. Circular printed by the George Washington Bicentenial Committee of the Grand Lodge F. \u0026amp; A. M. of Indiana. Signed by Ja[me]s M. Clift, Grand Secretary. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the Exhibition of Portraits of George Washington and his Associates at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. 1932. Invitation from the Governor of Virginia to be present at a celbration honoroing the religious character of George Washington and the drafting of the statues of Religious Liberty and Separation of Church and State. 1932. \"George Washington the Churchman,\" a sermon by Rev[eren]d Frank Landon, Humphreys, delivered at Bethesda-by-the-sea, Palm Beach, Florida. 1932. Pamphlet printed in conjunction with the American Tree Association entitled \"George Washington Bi-Centennial Tree Planting.\" 1932. Principal Events in the Life of George Washington. A map by the General Drafting Co., Inc. for Standard oil Company of New Jersey, giving no scale. 1933. \"Harvard's First L. L. D.\" An article from the Boston Daily Globe. 1934. Advance release of address delivered by Hon. R. Walton moore entitled, \"Washington the Statesman in his Home Country.\" Including two items of correspondence regarding the aforementioned item. 1937. Program of the Unveiling Exercises of a Portrait of George Washington in the Court House at New Kent Co., Va. 1938. \"Washington's Burgess Route,\" by the Rev. Arthur P. Gray. 1938. \"George Washington's Godfather of Child Baptized at Cologne in 1795\" including one item of correspondence relating to the article. 1938. George Washington Biography Calendar. 1939, April. Inaguration of Gen. George Washington [showing his and John Adams' routes to New York City, N.Y. and a plan of the city of New York]. A map by the United States Constitution Sequicentennial Commission, with scales of 5:20 and 4:4000. 1948. Washington, D.C. Paper, The Evening Star, article on a recent discovery of a George Washington letter to Samuel Galloway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"General Washington's Order Book in the American Revolution.\" \"Subscribers to the Life of Washington.\" Advertisement entitled \"Washington and His Generals.\" \"Washington's Farewell Address, September 19, 1796,\" issued by the National Association of Democratic Clubs. Pamphlet, Known Journeys of Washington to Williamsburg between May 28, 1748 and August, 1775, by Sir Arthur Gray. \"Places in Fredericksburg Associated with George Washington.\" Guide to the Washington Memorial at Valley Forge. Pamphlet, Music written by George M. Cohan entitled \"Father of the Land We Love.\" \"History of the Great Republic,\" p.20, referring to George Washington. Advertisement of Forbes Lithograph Mfg. Co., using Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington. \"George Washington, the Engineer,\" by Charles Colfax Long, President, sons of the Revolution in the District of Colombia. A Brief History of Alexandria: Washington Lodge No. 22 and of its First Worshipful Master General George Washington. Newspaper articles relating to George Washington. Various prints relating to George Washington, including one rendition of the Washington Monument, and Washington's various headquarters during the American Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrints, engravings, pictures, and photographs of portraits of George Washington. Lithograph design of George Washington Monument by Charles Parsons (1821-1910), a certificate of subscription signed by James K. Polk, G[eorge] M. Dallas, John Quincy Adams, H[enry] Clay, Albert Gallatin, and Dan[ie]l Webster. See oversize file.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925 article from Collier's magazine entitled, \"She Knew Martha Washington,\" prints and engravings of Martha Washington, and a facsimile of her china [Transferred to Manuscripts Artifact Collection].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Mount Vernon, \"Wakefield,\" and the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes: coat-of-arms of the Washington family; genealogical charts of the Washington family; material relating to the English branch of the Washington family, and their home, Sulgrave Manor, including a variation of a watercolor painting of the home, by Waller Scott; \"The Will of Mary Washington, Mother of George Washington, First President of the U.S.\"; extracts from the will of Col. John Washington. Also see oversize file.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_926"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1171#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Custis, George Washington Parke","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1171#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1171#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1171.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Custis, George Washington P. Papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1832-1856"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1832-1856"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1832/1856"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856"],"text":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856","Mss. 65 C96","/repositories/2/resources/1171","Virginia--Railroads","Agricultural implements","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.)","Farm management--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Correspondence","55 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Organization: This collection is organized three series: Series 1 contains materials dated 1832-1849, Series 2 contains materials dated 1850-1854, Series 3 contains materials dated 1855-1856. Arrangement: This collection is arranged chronologically by date.","George Washington Parke Custis was the son of John Parke Custis who was the stepson of George Washington. Custis' mother was Eleanor Calvert. He grew up at \"Mount Vernon\" after the death of his father. He married Mary Lee Fitzhugh and lived at \"Arlington.\" His daughter Mary Anna Randolph Custis married Robert E. Lee. George Washington Parke Custis was a playwright and agricultural reformer. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Processed by Peg Poeschl and Alan Strange during 1983-1984. Container list imported in November 2011 by Benjamin Bromley.","Papers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.","Expresses joy that Congress has proposed to exhume the body of \"my venerable Grandparent\" [George Washington] and as the \"last but one survivor of the family of Washington,\" consents to his reburial \"beneath the dome of the Senate house.\"","Asks if he can send herring up to him as the fishing in the Potomac has been bad, so the price is very high $3.50 to $4 per 1000; corn is 44 to 45 cents and will probably go up to 50 or 60 cents in June.","Has received the draft for $1025; Nelson can dispose of the rest of the corn as he wishes; the news we are soon to receive from England may greatly affect the price of wheat and corn; is gratified to hear Nelson will have 2500 to 3000 bushels of wheat the best in 45 years; Custis will visit in October.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he has not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he had not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Gives Nelson directions for remitting several drafts; is happy with the 1000 barrels of corn Nelson will have for sale, especially as the price is still rising; is glad the wheat is promising and that they will soon be able to compare the value of \"oyster shells and Marl,\" and the improvements by \"plaister and clover; requests Nelson be careful with curing the hams as some have arrived \"injured.\"","Advises him not to sell the 1000 barrels of corn at 80 cents a bushel in New York, $1 in Baltimore and if they wait they too will get $1 a bushel; needs the money and wants to enjoy the rarity of selling a good crop at a good price.","Suspension of the [British] Navigation laws has temporarily caused the price of corn to steady but it will soon rise again; will sell his corn at $1, although by next August the price should be great as there are reports of demand abroad even in the Mediterranean; in 1810[?] will actually go to $9 a barrel; on the 22nd was at a celebration in Alexandria and shipwrecked on the way home; there will be a railroad built across the \"White House\" estate; will send instructions regarding this later.","Nelson's good news regarding the wheat and corn crops has bettered his spirits which are low due to the loss of the sale of the corn crop; the markets in Europe are still depressed but surely have reached their lowest point; when to sell the wheat will depend upon the English harvest; advises Nelson to go ahead and sell the ship timber; the success of the Oyster Shell [fertilizer] will transfer the Pamunkey [rive] lands.","Prices in Europe have declined even further, but may go up if rains hit the harvest there; his health is bad and spirits, low.","Feels Nelson has made a judicious sale of the wheat, considering the times and prices; advises to sell the corn South in Norfolk or Richmond as prices in North are lower; his health is better with the waning of the frosts.","The prices of breautographed signed documenttuffs are better here than in Europe; corn is 75 and 80 cents in Philadelphia and New York, wheat is $1.35 to $1.50 in the North; was not in New York for the laying of the Corner Stone of the Washington Monument despite what the papers say; the prices for corn and wheat should be good in Baltimore due to the burning of the Gallego mills.","Nelson's draft for $600 is greatly appreciated as Custis has agreements due now and would have had to have sold his corn early; gives specification for Chestnut rails [for railroad?]; is readying his Pocosin [lands?] for planting.","The price of breautographed signed documenttuffs is improving so he wishes to wait before selling his corn; if Nelson's fishery was good he wants him to lend him [GWPC] $300-$400.","Thanks Nelson for the butter and corn; notes the price of corn is rising but, as he needs the money, wants Nelson to sell it when he feels it adviseable; is not surprised Nelson's fishery was bad as it was bad on the Potomac and Delaware also; sounds like the wheat crop will be fine.","The price of corn has advanced in Europe so he hopes his money needs will be met; there is cholera at the plantations on the James River, in Gloucester, and on the York River; advises to prepare phials of camphor and give one to each overseer and keep one in the house to be used at first instance of cramps; the rains have worked wonders on the wheat crops.","Informs him of the sale of Major Custis' wheat which had been sent on the Schooner Harold.This letter was included within the letter listed below; D. McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore, to George W[ashington] P[arke] Custis, [\"Arlington House,\" Arlington, Virginia], 21 August 1849.","A receipt for the sale of his wheat.This letter was included within the above letter; McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore [Md.], to Francis Nelson, \"White House,\" near New Kent C[ourt] H[ouse], Virginia, 25 Aug[us]t 1849.","Is glad to hear Nelson has been healthy here they have had dysentery and diarrhea but no losses; tells Nelson to sell the rest of his wheat as best he can and from that money to pay Mrs. Nelson her $1000; hopes she will wait for payment of the interest on it as he has other debts to pay; has been truly economical spending only on essentials for his family and on manure for his fields; hopefully the next crop will solve his problems.","Notes that the decision to run the r[ail] road by the \"White House\" will be made tomorrow; instructs Nelson to give them te land necessary for the bridge's abatement and any other needed right-of-way, for the railroad will be a \"decided benefit,\" allowing him to sell his fish almost fresh in Richmond noting that the rent for a fishery along the Potomac had risen from $133 1/3 a year to $4000; crops will not go to Richmond, but to West Point or Baltimore, where he has had satisfactory dealings and where higher prices compensate for the distance; reports that he wants to own no more \"Negro property,\" of which he has $100,000 worth; notes that a gentleman in \"Washington City\" congratulated him for selling his Lower Country Wheat Crop for $17,000; says he knows nothing of it and begs Nelson to send information.","Acknowledges that he [Nelson] has quadrupled his property's production since becoming agent; wishes work to commence on the mill; notes the uno locationleasantness of some of the correspondence and asks for information regarding the sale of last year's wheat crop, noting that he had received $6000 and wondered if any of the remainder could be remitted to him; refers to having been insulted by being arrested for a debt of which he knew nothing.","Reports that Col. [Robert E.] Lee can't look over his accounts as he has received his new commission; has retained a lawyer and a banker to look over accounts; requests that Nelson submit the dates of the receipts for money credited to him [George Washington Parke Custis]; Wheat prospects are $2.30-$2.45 with new crops engaging $2.00; Bishop [William] Meale to visit White House and will report to [George Washington Parke Custis] on his holdings; wants complete list of all Negroes' ages; health as usual, depressed in spirits.","Notes that Mr. Raoch has returned from the \"White House\" lauding the size of the oat and corn crops; finds it \"remarkable\" that some acres are producing 30 bushels of wheat and notifies him [Nelson] that he will take $2 cash [a bushel] for the wheat; recommends Mr. Roach as a contractor; hopes that the railroad will not delay any longer.","Signed printed document, informing Custis of a Commissioners' meeting in King William County for ascertaining a just compensation for landowners along the railroad line; autographed signed document, [on reverse] Custis empowering Nelson to act on his behalf at the Commissioners' meeting.","Notifying him [Nelson] that he is to receive just compensation from the railraod for any right-of-way and expressing the hope that the railroad will take action on the condemnation of the White House depot; asks about wheat crop and whether two barrels of clothes \"for the Negroes\" arrived; complains of \"severe attack of diarrhea.\"","Acknowledges receiving $4000 and figures that he [Nelson] must have procurred at least $2 [a bushel]; hopes for a good corn crop; tells him to look after his interest at the meeting of Railroad commissioners.","Col. [Robert E.] Lee has looked over accounts and Mr. Overton Winston of Hanover will attempt to settle all unsettled accounts no further expenditures; encourages him to market fish noting that fish has increased by five- hundred percent and fishery rent from $133 1/3 in [GWPC's] time to $3750; \"The severe season and fall of prices\" will necessitate selling the corn in March.","Instructs him to ship the corn crop to McKonkey in Baltimore to sell.","Informs Nelson that as the time of year is at hand when it is customary in Virginia to give notice of the \"discontinuance of employment,\" his [Nelson's] services will no longer be required after the harvest [six months], wants to sell wheat to make payment of $1000 to Mary Nelson; discusses negotiations with the railroad.","Complains of marketing wheat crop at a time of \"sudden and great depression of prices\"; wants all crops to be shipped to Baltimore; corn prices are \"looking up\" instructs him to exact compensation for any of his [GWPC's] men and/or materials that the railroad uses.","Expresses support for his [Henry C. Wise's] plan to establish the Ocean Bathing Place on the coast of Virginia, noting that an advantage of such an arrangement might be that \"gentlemen will not be liable...to be first knocked down and sued afterwards by coloured gentlemen.\"","Wheat prices are $1.50 to $1.55 while corn is at $2.00; had expressed desire to go to the Richmond fair but discouraged by family because he knew no one there; attended the \"Great Exhibition at Philadelphia as Vice President of the United States Agriculture [?] Society for Virginia\"; called it \"grandest spectacle\"; looks forward to \"bright days\" for lower Virginia with the extension of the new railroad to West Point, [Virginia].","Offers to furnish laborers for the work to be done by the railroad [subcontracted by Nelson, George Washington Parke Custis' property] at the rate of $9 for each man, $5 passage, $2 provisions, $1 fee for laborers and for Nelson.","Has received Nelson's letter and draft; will be in Richmond the 22nd and ready to accompany Nelson to the \"White House\" on Saturday.","Is anxious to hear how Nelson sold the corn, about the wood cutting, and how the wheat crop is; does Nelson think anything will come of steam navigation on the Pamunkey or a plank road to Richmond?; the fishery on the Potomac is the best for March in 20 years; any money to be spared can be used, for it is time to buy guano, cloves and plaister; please send the barrel of herring to Baltimore.","Questions whether anything grew out of the suggestion to initiate steam navigation on the York River and its branches in New Kent, Hanover and King William counties; corn prices are up in Europe and will probably be $3 a barrel by spring; hears the people of Albemarle wish to build a railroad from near Hanover Court House to the tide water of the Pamunkey [River] so they needn't unload and reship at Richmond, bu such improvements go slowly in Virginia.","Still needs the advance of $600 on the corn, which he will pay back as soon as the corn sells; expects the largest crop of wheat ever on his estate.","Is sorry he did not get to see Nelson before the severe weather set in; Nelson did well to get 90 cents for his wheat; corn is at 60 cents; is proud of the improvements Nelson has made on his estate; \"indeed it may be fairly said the Old Virginia is rising from the dead\"; Nelson and Mr. [Edmund?] Ruffin should publish a memoir Improvements on the Pamunkey so as to aid others by their success.","The severe weather has thrown all his occupations backwards; the fish in the Potomac are late; needs the money from the corn; has Nelson send a barrel of herring from the Pamunkey as they are fatter, larger and better than those of the Potomac; asks for herring to be sent to his daughter Mrs. Lee; orders oars for his market boat; feels wood will be in demand as he has heard some New York people are planning to run steamers to Eltham[?] and a railroad from there to Richmond.","Has not heard from Nelson since last October and needs the money for the corn crop to carry him over until his wheat goes to market as he is out of money.","Fish is fast becoming the most expensive article of food in the United States; 50 cents for a shad or herring, $6 a thousand for herring, $8 to $10 for a hundred shad; needs money to pay for repairs on his mills; has heard that the assembly passed the Pamunkey railroad and feels the \"White House\" would be a good place for it to meet the water; as vice president of the Virginia chapter of the U. S. Agricultural Society he plans to elect Nelson to it.","Col. [Robert E. Lee] will be here soon and will help him with his business affairs; they would not be in so bad a shape except that the man he contracted with to cut pine on Smith Island forfeited his contract; needs an advance on the wheat; is not feeling well.","Made out very badly with the corn; Nelson should do well with the wheat this year; he plans to go to West Point [New York] for his health probably the last time he will go abroad; made a speech before the United States Agriculture Society of Virginia and mentioned Nelson's services to the restoration of agriculture in this state.","Feels Nelson received a good price for the wheat, but if war comes to Europe prices will go up; Col. [Robert E.] Lee is here with Custis's grandchildren and Custis will soon go to West Point [New York] for his health; it is good Nelson is fallowing for wheat, twenty years ago this was unheard of; they are talking again of a railroad to the Pamunkey; wants Nelson to get it to cross the \"White House\" estate.","Is comfortably fixed at Col. [Robert E.] Lee's quarters and Nelson can direct his mail here; the railroad from Richmond to the Pamunkey will certainly be built; wants Nelson to represent his interests if it crosses the \"White House\" estate a city will build up there.","The Richmond market is the only one where grain is sold on credit and this is unfair to the farmer; feels next year they should insist on money or take the wheat to Baltimore or New York; Corn is worth $4 a barrel; is sure the improvements at \"White House\" will compare favorably to any ordered elsewhere.","Has heard the railroad is to be built, and as the \"White House\" is the nearest point to deep navigable water on the Pamunkey they should try to get the route as it would greatly cut their distance to market; the price of wheat in New York, $2.56, is the highest ever in the United States; as a consequence land is at an astounding price for example, $100 an acre unimproved in Fairfax; corn is also on the rise; may go to Europe next summer.","Is trying to settle his account with Mrs. Nelson with the help of Mr. Stompers; Colonel [Robert E.] Lee was there to help him, as he is a master of accounts; fishery on the Potomac has been tolerable; has heard the York River Railroad is to go to West Point; the rule is for the directors to bargain directly with the proprietors over compensation for the right of way, and if they can't agree the Commissioners of the Court decide; hopes to go to Europe to better his health and spirits.","Fishery in the Potomac has been the worst ever; tells Nelson to pay Mrs. Nelson from the corn crop now and later from the wheat; has been assured that the railroad will run through Romancock to West Point, and Nelson should get good compensation for the right-of-way, but must get it in cash; feels they should insist that the Richmond millers pay cash as is done everywhere else in the United States.","This is the first year he has paid his bills when they were presented, rather than giving notes; feels selling the wheat at the landing is a good idea as it saves risk, time and waste, and will be satisfied with $2 a bushel; it will be the most he has earned from his estate in 52 years; has sent Nelson a find Durham bull calf.","Most here are selling their wheat at under $2 despite the expected high prices due to the bad crops in Europe; his health is bad and he will go to West Point [New York]; corn everywhere is very bad due to the drought, which is the worst in memory; due to his [GWPC] advanced age he feels it important that Nelson settle their accounts according to Colonel [Robert E.] Lee's instructions.","Will be at West Point [New York] 3 or 4 weeks; hopes Nelson has continued selling the wheat which is at 70 to 80 cents a bushel; is anxious to hear about the decision on the railroad route.","Feels Nelson must write him immediately and explain the suit which has been filed against him by a man in New Kent County for a debt of $900 which he [GWPC] knows nothing about; is particularly upset due to the suit; was too ashamed to go to Richmond for the agricultural exhibition where he feels he would have been greatly honored due to his many efforts on behalf of Virginia Agriculture, especially his having started the Arlington Sheep Shearing 50 years ago and having privately supported it the first 9 years.","Declares that this is the sixth letter he has written to Nelson without having received a reply; asserts that he has the right to require information from his agent [Nelson] and urges him to immediately convey information respecting last year's crops, \"having heard nothing respecting the balance of the wheat crop which I directed to be sent to Baltimore...;\" hopes they they may both part in peace.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 C96","/repositories/2/resources/1171"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 C96","/repositories/2/resources/1171"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Railroads"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Railroads"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Railroads"],"creator_ssm":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis"],"creator_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Deposit: 55 items, 30 January 1948."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agricultural implements","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.)","Farm management--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agricultural implements","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.)","Farm management--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["55 items"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["55 items."],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganization: This collection is organized three series: Series 1 contains materials dated 1832-1849, Series 2 contains materials dated 1850-1854, Series 3 contains materials dated 1855-1856. Arrangement: This collection is arranged chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organization: This collection is organized three series: Series 1 contains materials dated 1832-1849, Series 2 contains materials dated 1850-1854, Series 3 contains materials dated 1855-1856. Arrangement: This collection is arranged chronologically by date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Parke Custis was the son of John Parke Custis who was the stepson of George Washington. Custis' mother was Eleanor Calvert. He grew up at \"Mount Vernon\" after the death of his father. He married Mary Lee Fitzhugh and lived at \"Arlington.\" His daughter Mary Anna Randolph Custis married Robert E. Lee. George Washington Parke Custis was a playwright and agricultural reformer. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/George_Washington_Parke_Custis\" title=\"George Washington Parke Custis\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis was the son of John Parke Custis who was the stepson of George Washington. Custis' mother was Eleanor Calvert. He grew up at \"Mount Vernon\" after the death of his father. He married Mary Lee Fitzhugh and lived at \"Arlington.\" His daughter Mary Anna Randolph Custis married Robert E. Lee. George Washington Parke Custis was a playwright and agricultural reformer. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Parke Custis Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Peg Poeschl and Alan Strange during 1983-1984. Container list imported in November 2011 by Benjamin Bromley.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Peg Poeschl and Alan Strange during 1983-1984. Container list imported in November 2011 by Benjamin Bromley."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eExpresses joy that Congress has proposed to exhume the body of \"my venerable Grandparent\" [George Washington] and as the \"last but one survivor of the family of Washington,\" consents to his reburial \"beneath the dome of the Senate house.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if he can send herring up to him as the fishing in the Potomac has been bad, so the price is very high $3.50 to $4 per 1000; corn is 44 to 45 cents and will probably go up to 50 or 60 cents in June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas received the draft for $1025; Nelson can dispose of the rest of the corn as he wishes; the news we are soon to receive from England may greatly affect the price of wheat and corn; is gratified to hear Nelson will have 2500 to 3000 bushels of wheat the best in 45 years; Custis will visit in October.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he has not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he had not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives Nelson directions for remitting several drafts; is happy with the 1000 barrels of corn Nelson will have for sale, especially as the price is still rising; is glad the wheat is promising and that they will soon be able to compare the value of \"oyster shells and Marl,\" and the improvements by \"plaister and clover; requests Nelson be careful with curing the hams as some have arrived \"injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvises him not to sell the 1000 barrels of corn at 80 cents a bushel in New York, $1 in Baltimore and if they wait they too will get $1 a bushel; needs the money and wants to enjoy the rarity of selling a good crop at a good price.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuspension of the [British] Navigation laws has temporarily caused the price of corn to steady but it will soon rise again; will sell his corn at $1, although by next August the price should be great as there are reports of demand abroad even in the Mediterranean; in 1810[?] will actually go to $9 a barrel; on the 22nd was at a celebration in Alexandria and shipwrecked on the way home; there will be a railroad built across the \"White House\" estate; will send instructions regarding this later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNelson's good news regarding the wheat and corn crops has bettered his spirits which are low due to the loss of the sale of the corn crop; the markets in Europe are still depressed but surely have reached their lowest point; when to sell the wheat will depend upon the English harvest; advises Nelson to go ahead and sell the ship timber; the success of the Oyster Shell [fertilizer] will transfer the Pamunkey [rive] lands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrices in Europe have declined even further, but may go up if rains hit the harvest there; his health is bad and spirits, low.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeels Nelson has made a judicious sale of the wheat, considering the times and prices; advises to sell the corn South in Norfolk or Richmond as prices in North are lower; his health is better with the waning of the frosts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prices of breautographed signed documenttuffs are better here than in Europe; corn is 75 and 80 cents in Philadelphia and New York, wheat is $1.35 to $1.50 in the North; was not in New York for the laying of the Corner Stone of the Washington Monument despite what the papers say; the prices for corn and wheat should be good in Baltimore due to the burning of the Gallego mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNelson's draft for $600 is greatly appreciated as Custis has agreements due now and would have had to have sold his corn early; gives specification for Chestnut rails [for railroad?]; is readying his Pocosin [lands?] for planting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe price of breautographed signed documenttuffs is improving so he wishes to wait before selling his corn; if Nelson's fishery was good he wants him to lend him [GWPC] $300-$400.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThanks Nelson for the butter and corn; notes the price of corn is rising but, as he needs the money, wants Nelson to sell it when he feels it adviseable; is not surprised Nelson's fishery was bad as it was bad on the Potomac and Delaware also; sounds like the wheat crop will be fine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe price of corn has advanced in Europe so he hopes his money needs will be met; there is cholera at the plantations on the James River, in Gloucester, and on the York River; advises to prepare phials of camphor and give one to each overseer and keep one in the house to be used at first instance of cramps; the rains have worked wonders on the wheat crops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms him of the sale of Major Custis' wheat which had been sent on the Schooner Harold.This letter was included within the letter listed below; D. McConky \u0026amp; Co., Baltimore, to George W[ashington] P[arke] Custis, [\"Arlington House,\" Arlington, Virginia], 21 August 1849.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA receipt for the sale of his wheat.This letter was included within the above letter; McConky \u0026amp; Co., Baltimore [Md.], to Francis Nelson, \"White House,\" near New Kent C[ourt] H[ouse], Virginia, 25 Aug[us]t 1849.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs glad to hear Nelson has been healthy here they have had dysentery and diarrhea but no losses; tells Nelson to sell the rest of his wheat as best he can and from that money to pay Mrs. Nelson her $1000; hopes she will wait for payment of the interest on it as he has other debts to pay; has been truly economical spending only on essentials for his family and on manure for his fields; hopefully the next crop will solve his problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes that the decision to run the r[ail] road by the \"White House\" will be made tomorrow; instructs Nelson to give them te land necessary for the bridge's abatement and any other needed right-of-way, for the railroad will be a \"decided benefit,\" allowing him to sell his fish almost fresh in Richmond noting that the rent for a fishery along the Potomac had risen from $133 1/3 a year to $4000; crops will not go to Richmond, but to West Point or Baltimore, where he has had satisfactory dealings and where higher prices compensate for the distance; reports that he wants to own no more \"Negro property,\" of which he has $100,000 worth; notes that a gentleman in \"Washington City\" congratulated him for selling his Lower Country Wheat Crop for $17,000; says he knows nothing of it and begs Nelson to send information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges that he [Nelson] has quadrupled his property's production since becoming agent; wishes work to commence on the mill; notes the uno locationleasantness of some of the correspondence and asks for information regarding the sale of last year's wheat crop, noting that he had received $6000 and wondered if any of the remainder could be remitted to him; refers to having been insulted by being arrested for a debt of which he knew nothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports that Col. [Robert E.] Lee can't look over his accounts as he has received his new commission; has retained a lawyer and a banker to look over accounts; requests that Nelson submit the dates of the receipts for money credited to him [George Washington Parke Custis]; Wheat prospects are $2.30-$2.45 with new crops engaging $2.00; Bishop [William] Meale to visit White House and will report to [George Washington Parke Custis] on his holdings; wants complete list of all Negroes' ages; health as usual, depressed in spirits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes that Mr. Raoch has returned from the \"White House\" lauding the size of the oat and corn crops; finds it \"remarkable\" that some acres are producing 30 bushels of wheat and notifies him [Nelson] that he will take $2 cash [a bushel] for the wheat; recommends Mr. Roach as a contractor; hopes that the railroad will not delay any longer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned printed document, informing Custis of a Commissioners' meeting in King William County for ascertaining a just compensation for landowners along the railroad line; autographed signed document, [on reverse] Custis empowering Nelson to act on his behalf at the Commissioners' meeting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifying him [Nelson] that he is to receive just compensation from the railraod for any right-of-way and expressing the hope that the railroad will take action on the condemnation of the White House depot; asks about wheat crop and whether two barrels of clothes \"for the Negroes\" arrived; complains of \"severe attack of diarrhea.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receiving $4000 and figures that he [Nelson] must have procurred at least $2 [a bushel]; hopes for a good corn crop; tells him to look after his interest at the meeting of Railroad commissioners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCol. [Robert E.] Lee has looked over accounts and Mr. Overton Winston of Hanover will attempt to settle all unsettled accounts no further expenditures; encourages him to market fish noting that fish has increased by five- hundred percent and fishery rent from $133 1/3 in [GWPC's] time to $3750; \"The severe season and fall of prices\" will necessitate selling the corn in March.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstructs him to ship the corn crop to McKonkey in Baltimore to sell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Nelson that as the time of year is at hand when it is customary in Virginia to give notice of the \"discontinuance of employment,\" his [Nelson's] services will no longer be required after the harvest [six months], wants to sell wheat to make payment of $1000 to Mary Nelson; discusses negotiations with the railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComplains of marketing wheat crop at a time of \"sudden and great depression of prices\"; wants all crops to be shipped to Baltimore; corn prices are \"looking up\" instructs him to exact compensation for any of his [GWPC's] men and/or materials that the railroad uses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses support for his [Henry C. Wise's] plan to establish the Ocean Bathing Place on the coast of Virginia, noting that an advantage of such an arrangement might be that \"gentlemen will not be liable...to be first knocked down and sued afterwards by coloured gentlemen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWheat prices are $1.50 to $1.55 while corn is at $2.00; had expressed desire to go to the Richmond fair but discouraged by family because he knew no one there; attended the \"Great Exhibition at Philadelphia as Vice President of the United States Agriculture [?] Society for Virginia\"; called it \"grandest spectacle\"; looks forward to \"bright days\" for lower Virginia with the extension of the new railroad to West Point, [Virginia].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOffers to furnish laborers for the work to be done by the railroad [subcontracted by Nelson, George Washington Parke Custis' property] at the rate of $9 for each man, $5 passage, $2 provisions, $1 fee for laborers and for Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas received Nelson's letter and draft; will be in Richmond the 22nd and ready to accompany Nelson to the \"White House\" on Saturday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs anxious to hear how Nelson sold the corn, about the wood cutting, and how the wheat crop is; does Nelson think anything will come of steam navigation on the Pamunkey or a plank road to Richmond?; the fishery on the Potomac is the best for March in 20 years; any money to be spared can be used, for it is time to buy guano, cloves and plaister; please send the barrel of herring to Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQuestions whether anything grew out of the suggestion to initiate steam navigation on the York River and its branches in New Kent, Hanover and King William counties; corn prices are up in Europe and will probably be $3 a barrel by spring; hears the people of Albemarle wish to build a railroad from near Hanover Court House to the tide water of the Pamunkey [River] so they needn't unload and reship at Richmond, bu such improvements go slowly in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStill needs the advance of $600 on the corn, which he will pay back as soon as the corn sells; expects the largest crop of wheat ever on his estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs sorry he did not get to see Nelson before the severe weather set in; Nelson did well to get 90 cents for his wheat; corn is at 60 cents; is proud of the improvements Nelson has made on his estate; \"indeed it may be fairly said the Old Virginia is rising from the dead\"; Nelson and Mr. [Edmund?] Ruffin should publish a memoir Improvements on the Pamunkey so as to aid others by their success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe severe weather has thrown all his occupations backwards; the fish in the Potomac are late; needs the money from the corn; has Nelson send a barrel of herring from the Pamunkey as they are fatter, larger and better than those of the Potomac; asks for herring to be sent to his daughter Mrs. Lee; orders oars for his market boat; feels wood will be in demand as he has heard some New York people are planning to run steamers to Eltham[?] and a railroad from there to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas not heard from Nelson since last October and needs the money for the corn crop to carry him over until his wheat goes to market as he is out of money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFish is fast becoming the most expensive article of food in the United States; 50 cents for a shad or herring, $6 a thousand for herring, $8 to $10 for a hundred shad; needs money to pay for repairs on his mills; has heard that the assembly passed the Pamunkey railroad and feels the \"White House\" would be a good place for it to meet the water; as vice president of the Virginia chapter of the U. S. Agricultural Society he plans to elect Nelson to it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCol. [Robert E. Lee] will be here soon and will help him with his business affairs; they would not be in so bad a shape except that the man he contracted with to cut pine on Smith Island forfeited his contract; needs an advance on the wheat; is not feeling well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMade out very badly with the corn; Nelson should do well with the wheat this year; he plans to go to West Point [New York] for his health probably the last time he will go abroad; made a speech before the United States Agriculture Society of Virginia and mentioned Nelson's services to the restoration of agriculture in this state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeels Nelson received a good price for the wheat, but if war comes to Europe prices will go up; Col. [Robert E.] Lee is here with Custis's grandchildren and Custis will soon go to West Point [New York] for his health; it is good Nelson is fallowing for wheat, twenty years ago this was unheard of; they are talking again of a railroad to the Pamunkey; wants Nelson to get it to cross the \"White House\" estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs comfortably fixed at Col. [Robert E.] Lee's quarters and Nelson can direct his mail here; the railroad from Richmond to the Pamunkey will certainly be built; wants Nelson to represent his interests if it crosses the \"White House\" estate a city will build up there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond market is the only one where grain is sold on credit and this is unfair to the farmer; feels next year they should insist on money or take the wheat to Baltimore or New York; Corn is worth $4 a barrel; is sure the improvements at \"White House\" will compare favorably to any ordered elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas heard the railroad is to be built, and as the \"White House\" is the nearest point to deep navigable water on the Pamunkey they should try to get the route as it would greatly cut their distance to market; the price of wheat in New York, $2.56, is the highest ever in the United States; as a consequence land is at an astounding price for example, $100 an acre unimproved in Fairfax; corn is also on the rise; may go to Europe next summer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs trying to settle his account with Mrs. Nelson with the help of Mr. Stompers; Colonel [Robert E.] Lee was there to help him, as he is a master of accounts; fishery on the Potomac has been tolerable; has heard the York River Railroad is to go to West Point; the rule is for the directors to bargain directly with the proprietors over compensation for the right of way, and if they can't agree the Commissioners of the Court decide; hopes to go to Europe to better his health and spirits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFishery in the Potomac has been the worst ever; tells Nelson to pay Mrs. Nelson from the corn crop now and later from the wheat; has been assured that the railroad will run through Romancock to West Point, and Nelson should get good compensation for the right-of-way, but must get it in cash; feels they should insist that the Richmond millers pay cash as is done everywhere else in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is the first year he has paid his bills when they were presented, rather than giving notes; feels selling the wheat at the landing is a good idea as it saves risk, time and waste, and will be satisfied with $2 a bushel; it will be the most he has earned from his estate in 52 years; has sent Nelson a find Durham bull calf.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost here are selling their wheat at under $2 despite the expected high prices due to the bad crops in Europe; his health is bad and he will go to West Point [New York]; corn everywhere is very bad due to the drought, which is the worst in memory; due to his [GWPC] advanced age he feels it important that Nelson settle their accounts according to Colonel [Robert E.] Lee's instructions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWill be at West Point [New York] 3 or 4 weeks; hopes Nelson has continued selling the wheat which is at 70 to 80 cents a bushel; is anxious to hear about the decision on the railroad route.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeels Nelson must write him immediately and explain the suit which has been filed against him by a man in New Kent County for a debt of $900 which he [GWPC] knows nothing about; is particularly upset due to the suit; was too ashamed to go to Richmond for the agricultural exhibition where he feels he would have been greatly honored due to his many efforts on behalf of Virginia Agriculture, especially his having started the Arlington Sheep Shearing 50 years ago and having privately supported it the first 9 years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclares that this is the sixth letter he has written to Nelson without having received a reply; asserts that he has the right to require information from his agent [Nelson] and urges him to immediately convey information respecting last year's crops, \"having heard nothing respecting the balance of the wheat crop which I directed to be sent to Baltimore...;\" hopes they they may both part in peace.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.","Expresses joy that Congress has proposed to exhume the body of \"my venerable Grandparent\" [George Washington] and as the \"last but one survivor of the family of Washington,\" consents to his reburial \"beneath the dome of the Senate house.\"","Asks if he can send herring up to him as the fishing in the Potomac has been bad, so the price is very high $3.50 to $4 per 1000; corn is 44 to 45 cents and will probably go up to 50 or 60 cents in June.","Has received the draft for $1025; Nelson can dispose of the rest of the corn as he wishes; the news we are soon to receive from England may greatly affect the price of wheat and corn; is gratified to hear Nelson will have 2500 to 3000 bushels of wheat the best in 45 years; Custis will visit in October.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he has not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he had not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Gives Nelson directions for remitting several drafts; is happy with the 1000 barrels of corn Nelson will have for sale, especially as the price is still rising; is glad the wheat is promising and that they will soon be able to compare the value of \"oyster shells and Marl,\" and the improvements by \"plaister and clover; requests Nelson be careful with curing the hams as some have arrived \"injured.\"","Advises him not to sell the 1000 barrels of corn at 80 cents a bushel in New York, $1 in Baltimore and if they wait they too will get $1 a bushel; needs the money and wants to enjoy the rarity of selling a good crop at a good price.","Suspension of the [British] Navigation laws has temporarily caused the price of corn to steady but it will soon rise again; will sell his corn at $1, although by next August the price should be great as there are reports of demand abroad even in the Mediterranean; in 1810[?] will actually go to $9 a barrel; on the 22nd was at a celebration in Alexandria and shipwrecked on the way home; there will be a railroad built across the \"White House\" estate; will send instructions regarding this later.","Nelson's good news regarding the wheat and corn crops has bettered his spirits which are low due to the loss of the sale of the corn crop; the markets in Europe are still depressed but surely have reached their lowest point; when to sell the wheat will depend upon the English harvest; advises Nelson to go ahead and sell the ship timber; the success of the Oyster Shell [fertilizer] will transfer the Pamunkey [rive] lands.","Prices in Europe have declined even further, but may go up if rains hit the harvest there; his health is bad and spirits, low.","Feels Nelson has made a judicious sale of the wheat, considering the times and prices; advises to sell the corn South in Norfolk or Richmond as prices in North are lower; his health is better with the waning of the frosts.","The prices of breautographed signed documenttuffs are better here than in Europe; corn is 75 and 80 cents in Philadelphia and New York, wheat is $1.35 to $1.50 in the North; was not in New York for the laying of the Corner Stone of the Washington Monument despite what the papers say; the prices for corn and wheat should be good in Baltimore due to the burning of the Gallego mills.","Nelson's draft for $600 is greatly appreciated as Custis has agreements due now and would have had to have sold his corn early; gives specification for Chestnut rails [for railroad?]; is readying his Pocosin [lands?] for planting.","The price of breautographed signed documenttuffs is improving so he wishes to wait before selling his corn; if Nelson's fishery was good he wants him to lend him [GWPC] $300-$400.","Thanks Nelson for the butter and corn; notes the price of corn is rising but, as he needs the money, wants Nelson to sell it when he feels it adviseable; is not surprised Nelson's fishery was bad as it was bad on the Potomac and Delaware also; sounds like the wheat crop will be fine.","The price of corn has advanced in Europe so he hopes his money needs will be met; there is cholera at the plantations on the James River, in Gloucester, and on the York River; advises to prepare phials of camphor and give one to each overseer and keep one in the house to be used at first instance of cramps; the rains have worked wonders on the wheat crops.","Informs him of the sale of Major Custis' wheat which had been sent on the Schooner Harold.This letter was included within the letter listed below; D. McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore, to George W[ashington] P[arke] Custis, [\"Arlington House,\" Arlington, Virginia], 21 August 1849.","A receipt for the sale of his wheat.This letter was included within the above letter; McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore [Md.], to Francis Nelson, \"White House,\" near New Kent C[ourt] H[ouse], Virginia, 25 Aug[us]t 1849.","Is glad to hear Nelson has been healthy here they have had dysentery and diarrhea but no losses; tells Nelson to sell the rest of his wheat as best he can and from that money to pay Mrs. Nelson her $1000; hopes she will wait for payment of the interest on it as he has other debts to pay; has been truly economical spending only on essentials for his family and on manure for his fields; hopefully the next crop will solve his problems.","Notes that the decision to run the r[ail] road by the \"White House\" will be made tomorrow; instructs Nelson to give them te land necessary for the bridge's abatement and any other needed right-of-way, for the railroad will be a \"decided benefit,\" allowing him to sell his fish almost fresh in Richmond noting that the rent for a fishery along the Potomac had risen from $133 1/3 a year to $4000; crops will not go to Richmond, but to West Point or Baltimore, where he has had satisfactory dealings and where higher prices compensate for the distance; reports that he wants to own no more \"Negro property,\" of which he has $100,000 worth; notes that a gentleman in \"Washington City\" congratulated him for selling his Lower Country Wheat Crop for $17,000; says he knows nothing of it and begs Nelson to send information.","Acknowledges that he [Nelson] has quadrupled his property's production since becoming agent; wishes work to commence on the mill; notes the uno locationleasantness of some of the correspondence and asks for information regarding the sale of last year's wheat crop, noting that he had received $6000 and wondered if any of the remainder could be remitted to him; refers to having been insulted by being arrested for a debt of which he knew nothing.","Reports that Col. [Robert E.] Lee can't look over his accounts as he has received his new commission; has retained a lawyer and a banker to look over accounts; requests that Nelson submit the dates of the receipts for money credited to him [George Washington Parke Custis]; Wheat prospects are $2.30-$2.45 with new crops engaging $2.00; Bishop [William] Meale to visit White House and will report to [George Washington Parke Custis] on his holdings; wants complete list of all Negroes' ages; health as usual, depressed in spirits.","Notes that Mr. Raoch has returned from the \"White House\" lauding the size of the oat and corn crops; finds it \"remarkable\" that some acres are producing 30 bushels of wheat and notifies him [Nelson] that he will take $2 cash [a bushel] for the wheat; recommends Mr. Roach as a contractor; hopes that the railroad will not delay any longer.","Signed printed document, informing Custis of a Commissioners' meeting in King William County for ascertaining a just compensation for landowners along the railroad line; autographed signed document, [on reverse] Custis empowering Nelson to act on his behalf at the Commissioners' meeting.","Notifying him [Nelson] that he is to receive just compensation from the railraod for any right-of-way and expressing the hope that the railroad will take action on the condemnation of the White House depot; asks about wheat crop and whether two barrels of clothes \"for the Negroes\" arrived; complains of \"severe attack of diarrhea.\"","Acknowledges receiving $4000 and figures that he [Nelson] must have procurred at least $2 [a bushel]; hopes for a good corn crop; tells him to look after his interest at the meeting of Railroad commissioners.","Col. [Robert E.] Lee has looked over accounts and Mr. Overton Winston of Hanover will attempt to settle all unsettled accounts no further expenditures; encourages him to market fish noting that fish has increased by five- hundred percent and fishery rent from $133 1/3 in [GWPC's] time to $3750; \"The severe season and fall of prices\" will necessitate selling the corn in March.","Instructs him to ship the corn crop to McKonkey in Baltimore to sell.","Informs Nelson that as the time of year is at hand when it is customary in Virginia to give notice of the \"discontinuance of employment,\" his [Nelson's] services will no longer be required after the harvest [six months], wants to sell wheat to make payment of $1000 to Mary Nelson; discusses negotiations with the railroad.","Complains of marketing wheat crop at a time of \"sudden and great depression of prices\"; wants all crops to be shipped to Baltimore; corn prices are \"looking up\" instructs him to exact compensation for any of his [GWPC's] men and/or materials that the railroad uses.","Expresses support for his [Henry C. Wise's] plan to establish the Ocean Bathing Place on the coast of Virginia, noting that an advantage of such an arrangement might be that \"gentlemen will not be liable...to be first knocked down and sued afterwards by coloured gentlemen.\"","Wheat prices are $1.50 to $1.55 while corn is at $2.00; had expressed desire to go to the Richmond fair but discouraged by family because he knew no one there; attended the \"Great Exhibition at Philadelphia as Vice President of the United States Agriculture [?] Society for Virginia\"; called it \"grandest spectacle\"; looks forward to \"bright days\" for lower Virginia with the extension of the new railroad to West Point, [Virginia].","Offers to furnish laborers for the work to be done by the railroad [subcontracted by Nelson, George Washington Parke Custis' property] at the rate of $9 for each man, $5 passage, $2 provisions, $1 fee for laborers and for Nelson.","Has received Nelson's letter and draft; will be in Richmond the 22nd and ready to accompany Nelson to the \"White House\" on Saturday.","Is anxious to hear how Nelson sold the corn, about the wood cutting, and how the wheat crop is; does Nelson think anything will come of steam navigation on the Pamunkey or a plank road to Richmond?; the fishery on the Potomac is the best for March in 20 years; any money to be spared can be used, for it is time to buy guano, cloves and plaister; please send the barrel of herring to Baltimore.","Questions whether anything grew out of the suggestion to initiate steam navigation on the York River and its branches in New Kent, Hanover and King William counties; corn prices are up in Europe and will probably be $3 a barrel by spring; hears the people of Albemarle wish to build a railroad from near Hanover Court House to the tide water of the Pamunkey [River] so they needn't unload and reship at Richmond, bu such improvements go slowly in Virginia.","Still needs the advance of $600 on the corn, which he will pay back as soon as the corn sells; expects the largest crop of wheat ever on his estate.","Is sorry he did not get to see Nelson before the severe weather set in; Nelson did well to get 90 cents for his wheat; corn is at 60 cents; is proud of the improvements Nelson has made on his estate; \"indeed it may be fairly said the Old Virginia is rising from the dead\"; Nelson and Mr. [Edmund?] Ruffin should publish a memoir Improvements on the Pamunkey so as to aid others by their success.","The severe weather has thrown all his occupations backwards; the fish in the Potomac are late; needs the money from the corn; has Nelson send a barrel of herring from the Pamunkey as they are fatter, larger and better than those of the Potomac; asks for herring to be sent to his daughter Mrs. Lee; orders oars for his market boat; feels wood will be in demand as he has heard some New York people are planning to run steamers to Eltham[?] and a railroad from there to Richmond.","Has not heard from Nelson since last October and needs the money for the corn crop to carry him over until his wheat goes to market as he is out of money.","Fish is fast becoming the most expensive article of food in the United States; 50 cents for a shad or herring, $6 a thousand for herring, $8 to $10 for a hundred shad; needs money to pay for repairs on his mills; has heard that the assembly passed the Pamunkey railroad and feels the \"White House\" would be a good place for it to meet the water; as vice president of the Virginia chapter of the U. S. Agricultural Society he plans to elect Nelson to it.","Col. [Robert E. Lee] will be here soon and will help him with his business affairs; they would not be in so bad a shape except that the man he contracted with to cut pine on Smith Island forfeited his contract; needs an advance on the wheat; is not feeling well.","Made out very badly with the corn; Nelson should do well with the wheat this year; he plans to go to West Point [New York] for his health probably the last time he will go abroad; made a speech before the United States Agriculture Society of Virginia and mentioned Nelson's services to the restoration of agriculture in this state.","Feels Nelson received a good price for the wheat, but if war comes to Europe prices will go up; Col. [Robert E.] Lee is here with Custis's grandchildren and Custis will soon go to West Point [New York] for his health; it is good Nelson is fallowing for wheat, twenty years ago this was unheard of; they are talking again of a railroad to the Pamunkey; wants Nelson to get it to cross the \"White House\" estate.","Is comfortably fixed at Col. [Robert E.] Lee's quarters and Nelson can direct his mail here; the railroad from Richmond to the Pamunkey will certainly be built; wants Nelson to represent his interests if it crosses the \"White House\" estate a city will build up there.","The Richmond market is the only one where grain is sold on credit and this is unfair to the farmer; feels next year they should insist on money or take the wheat to Baltimore or New York; Corn is worth $4 a barrel; is sure the improvements at \"White House\" will compare favorably to any ordered elsewhere.","Has heard the railroad is to be built, and as the \"White House\" is the nearest point to deep navigable water on the Pamunkey they should try to get the route as it would greatly cut their distance to market; the price of wheat in New York, $2.56, is the highest ever in the United States; as a consequence land is at an astounding price for example, $100 an acre unimproved in Fairfax; corn is also on the rise; may go to Europe next summer.","Is trying to settle his account with Mrs. Nelson with the help of Mr. Stompers; Colonel [Robert E.] Lee was there to help him, as he is a master of accounts; fishery on the Potomac has been tolerable; has heard the York River Railroad is to go to West Point; the rule is for the directors to bargain directly with the proprietors over compensation for the right of way, and if they can't agree the Commissioners of the Court decide; hopes to go to Europe to better his health and spirits.","Fishery in the Potomac has been the worst ever; tells Nelson to pay Mrs. Nelson from the corn crop now and later from the wheat; has been assured that the railroad will run through Romancock to West Point, and Nelson should get good compensation for the right-of-way, but must get it in cash; feels they should insist that the Richmond millers pay cash as is done everywhere else in the United States.","This is the first year he has paid his bills when they were presented, rather than giving notes; feels selling the wheat at the landing is a good idea as it saves risk, time and waste, and will be satisfied with $2 a bushel; it will be the most he has earned from his estate in 52 years; has sent Nelson a find Durham bull calf.","Most here are selling their wheat at under $2 despite the expected high prices due to the bad crops in Europe; his health is bad and he will go to West Point [New York]; corn everywhere is very bad due to the drought, which is the worst in memory; due to his [GWPC] advanced age he feels it important that Nelson settle their accounts according to Colonel [Robert E.] Lee's instructions.","Will be at West Point [New York] 3 or 4 weeks; hopes Nelson has continued selling the wheat which is at 70 to 80 cents a bushel; is anxious to hear about the decision on the railroad route.","Feels Nelson must write him immediately and explain the suit which has been filed against him by a man in New Kent County for a debt of $900 which he [GWPC] knows nothing about; is particularly upset due to the suit; was too ashamed to go to Richmond for the agricultural exhibition where he feels he would have been greatly honored due to his many efforts on behalf of Virginia Agriculture, especially his having started the Arlington Sheep Shearing 50 years ago and having privately supported it the first 9 years.","Declares that this is the sixth letter he has written to Nelson without having received a reply; asserts that he has the right to require information from his agent [Nelson] and urges him to immediately convey information respecting last year's crops, \"having heard nothing respecting the balance of the wheat crop which I directed to be sent to Baltimore...;\" hopes they they may both part in peace."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":59,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1171","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1171.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Custis, George Washington P. Papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1832-1856"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1832-1856"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1832/1856"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856"],"text":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856","Mss. 65 C96","/repositories/2/resources/1171","Virginia--Railroads","Agricultural implements","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.)","Farm management--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Correspondence","55 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Organization: This collection is organized three series: Series 1 contains materials dated 1832-1849, Series 2 contains materials dated 1850-1854, Series 3 contains materials dated 1855-1856. Arrangement: This collection is arranged chronologically by date.","George Washington Parke Custis was the son of John Parke Custis who was the stepson of George Washington. Custis' mother was Eleanor Calvert. He grew up at \"Mount Vernon\" after the death of his father. He married Mary Lee Fitzhugh and lived at \"Arlington.\" His daughter Mary Anna Randolph Custis married Robert E. Lee. George Washington Parke Custis was a playwright and agricultural reformer. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Processed by Peg Poeschl and Alan Strange during 1983-1984. Container list imported in November 2011 by Benjamin Bromley.","Papers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.","Expresses joy that Congress has proposed to exhume the body of \"my venerable Grandparent\" [George Washington] and as the \"last but one survivor of the family of Washington,\" consents to his reburial \"beneath the dome of the Senate house.\"","Asks if he can send herring up to him as the fishing in the Potomac has been bad, so the price is very high $3.50 to $4 per 1000; corn is 44 to 45 cents and will probably go up to 50 or 60 cents in June.","Has received the draft for $1025; Nelson can dispose of the rest of the corn as he wishes; the news we are soon to receive from England may greatly affect the price of wheat and corn; is gratified to hear Nelson will have 2500 to 3000 bushels of wheat the best in 45 years; Custis will visit in October.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he has not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he had not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Gives Nelson directions for remitting several drafts; is happy with the 1000 barrels of corn Nelson will have for sale, especially as the price is still rising; is glad the wheat is promising and that they will soon be able to compare the value of \"oyster shells and Marl,\" and the improvements by \"plaister and clover; requests Nelson be careful with curing the hams as some have arrived \"injured.\"","Advises him not to sell the 1000 barrels of corn at 80 cents a bushel in New York, $1 in Baltimore and if they wait they too will get $1 a bushel; needs the money and wants to enjoy the rarity of selling a good crop at a good price.","Suspension of the [British] Navigation laws has temporarily caused the price of corn to steady but it will soon rise again; will sell his corn at $1, although by next August the price should be great as there are reports of demand abroad even in the Mediterranean; in 1810[?] will actually go to $9 a barrel; on the 22nd was at a celebration in Alexandria and shipwrecked on the way home; there will be a railroad built across the \"White House\" estate; will send instructions regarding this later.","Nelson's good news regarding the wheat and corn crops has bettered his spirits which are low due to the loss of the sale of the corn crop; the markets in Europe are still depressed but surely have reached their lowest point; when to sell the wheat will depend upon the English harvest; advises Nelson to go ahead and sell the ship timber; the success of the Oyster Shell [fertilizer] will transfer the Pamunkey [rive] lands.","Prices in Europe have declined even further, but may go up if rains hit the harvest there; his health is bad and spirits, low.","Feels Nelson has made a judicious sale of the wheat, considering the times and prices; advises to sell the corn South in Norfolk or Richmond as prices in North are lower; his health is better with the waning of the frosts.","The prices of breautographed signed documenttuffs are better here than in Europe; corn is 75 and 80 cents in Philadelphia and New York, wheat is $1.35 to $1.50 in the North; was not in New York for the laying of the Corner Stone of the Washington Monument despite what the papers say; the prices for corn and wheat should be good in Baltimore due to the burning of the Gallego mills.","Nelson's draft for $600 is greatly appreciated as Custis has agreements due now and would have had to have sold his corn early; gives specification for Chestnut rails [for railroad?]; is readying his Pocosin [lands?] for planting.","The price of breautographed signed documenttuffs is improving so he wishes to wait before selling his corn; if Nelson's fishery was good he wants him to lend him [GWPC] $300-$400.","Thanks Nelson for the butter and corn; notes the price of corn is rising but, as he needs the money, wants Nelson to sell it when he feels it adviseable; is not surprised Nelson's fishery was bad as it was bad on the Potomac and Delaware also; sounds like the wheat crop will be fine.","The price of corn has advanced in Europe so he hopes his money needs will be met; there is cholera at the plantations on the James River, in Gloucester, and on the York River; advises to prepare phials of camphor and give one to each overseer and keep one in the house to be used at first instance of cramps; the rains have worked wonders on the wheat crops.","Informs him of the sale of Major Custis' wheat which had been sent on the Schooner Harold.This letter was included within the letter listed below; D. McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore, to George W[ashington] P[arke] Custis, [\"Arlington House,\" Arlington, Virginia], 21 August 1849.","A receipt for the sale of his wheat.This letter was included within the above letter; McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore [Md.], to Francis Nelson, \"White House,\" near New Kent C[ourt] H[ouse], Virginia, 25 Aug[us]t 1849.","Is glad to hear Nelson has been healthy here they have had dysentery and diarrhea but no losses; tells Nelson to sell the rest of his wheat as best he can and from that money to pay Mrs. Nelson her $1000; hopes she will wait for payment of the interest on it as he has other debts to pay; has been truly economical spending only on essentials for his family and on manure for his fields; hopefully the next crop will solve his problems.","Notes that the decision to run the r[ail] road by the \"White House\" will be made tomorrow; instructs Nelson to give them te land necessary for the bridge's abatement and any other needed right-of-way, for the railroad will be a \"decided benefit,\" allowing him to sell his fish almost fresh in Richmond noting that the rent for a fishery along the Potomac had risen from $133 1/3 a year to $4000; crops will not go to Richmond, but to West Point or Baltimore, where he has had satisfactory dealings and where higher prices compensate for the distance; reports that he wants to own no more \"Negro property,\" of which he has $100,000 worth; notes that a gentleman in \"Washington City\" congratulated him for selling his Lower Country Wheat Crop for $17,000; says he knows nothing of it and begs Nelson to send information.","Acknowledges that he [Nelson] has quadrupled his property's production since becoming agent; wishes work to commence on the mill; notes the uno locationleasantness of some of the correspondence and asks for information regarding the sale of last year's wheat crop, noting that he had received $6000 and wondered if any of the remainder could be remitted to him; refers to having been insulted by being arrested for a debt of which he knew nothing.","Reports that Col. [Robert E.] Lee can't look over his accounts as he has received his new commission; has retained a lawyer and a banker to look over accounts; requests that Nelson submit the dates of the receipts for money credited to him [George Washington Parke Custis]; Wheat prospects are $2.30-$2.45 with new crops engaging $2.00; Bishop [William] Meale to visit White House and will report to [George Washington Parke Custis] on his holdings; wants complete list of all Negroes' ages; health as usual, depressed in spirits.","Notes that Mr. Raoch has returned from the \"White House\" lauding the size of the oat and corn crops; finds it \"remarkable\" that some acres are producing 30 bushels of wheat and notifies him [Nelson] that he will take $2 cash [a bushel] for the wheat; recommends Mr. Roach as a contractor; hopes that the railroad will not delay any longer.","Signed printed document, informing Custis of a Commissioners' meeting in King William County for ascertaining a just compensation for landowners along the railroad line; autographed signed document, [on reverse] Custis empowering Nelson to act on his behalf at the Commissioners' meeting.","Notifying him [Nelson] that he is to receive just compensation from the railraod for any right-of-way and expressing the hope that the railroad will take action on the condemnation of the White House depot; asks about wheat crop and whether two barrels of clothes \"for the Negroes\" arrived; complains of \"severe attack of diarrhea.\"","Acknowledges receiving $4000 and figures that he [Nelson] must have procurred at least $2 [a bushel]; hopes for a good corn crop; tells him to look after his interest at the meeting of Railroad commissioners.","Col. [Robert E.] Lee has looked over accounts and Mr. Overton Winston of Hanover will attempt to settle all unsettled accounts no further expenditures; encourages him to market fish noting that fish has increased by five- hundred percent and fishery rent from $133 1/3 in [GWPC's] time to $3750; \"The severe season and fall of prices\" will necessitate selling the corn in March.","Instructs him to ship the corn crop to McKonkey in Baltimore to sell.","Informs Nelson that as the time of year is at hand when it is customary in Virginia to give notice of the \"discontinuance of employment,\" his [Nelson's] services will no longer be required after the harvest [six months], wants to sell wheat to make payment of $1000 to Mary Nelson; discusses negotiations with the railroad.","Complains of marketing wheat crop at a time of \"sudden and great depression of prices\"; wants all crops to be shipped to Baltimore; corn prices are \"looking up\" instructs him to exact compensation for any of his [GWPC's] men and/or materials that the railroad uses.","Expresses support for his [Henry C. Wise's] plan to establish the Ocean Bathing Place on the coast of Virginia, noting that an advantage of such an arrangement might be that \"gentlemen will not be liable...to be first knocked down and sued afterwards by coloured gentlemen.\"","Wheat prices are $1.50 to $1.55 while corn is at $2.00; had expressed desire to go to the Richmond fair but discouraged by family because he knew no one there; attended the \"Great Exhibition at Philadelphia as Vice President of the United States Agriculture [?] Society for Virginia\"; called it \"grandest spectacle\"; looks forward to \"bright days\" for lower Virginia with the extension of the new railroad to West Point, [Virginia].","Offers to furnish laborers for the work to be done by the railroad [subcontracted by Nelson, George Washington Parke Custis' property] at the rate of $9 for each man, $5 passage, $2 provisions, $1 fee for laborers and for Nelson.","Has received Nelson's letter and draft; will be in Richmond the 22nd and ready to accompany Nelson to the \"White House\" on Saturday.","Is anxious to hear how Nelson sold the corn, about the wood cutting, and how the wheat crop is; does Nelson think anything will come of steam navigation on the Pamunkey or a plank road to Richmond?; the fishery on the Potomac is the best for March in 20 years; any money to be spared can be used, for it is time to buy guano, cloves and plaister; please send the barrel of herring to Baltimore.","Questions whether anything grew out of the suggestion to initiate steam navigation on the York River and its branches in New Kent, Hanover and King William counties; corn prices are up in Europe and will probably be $3 a barrel by spring; hears the people of Albemarle wish to build a railroad from near Hanover Court House to the tide water of the Pamunkey [River] so they needn't unload and reship at Richmond, bu such improvements go slowly in Virginia.","Still needs the advance of $600 on the corn, which he will pay back as soon as the corn sells; expects the largest crop of wheat ever on his estate.","Is sorry he did not get to see Nelson before the severe weather set in; Nelson did well to get 90 cents for his wheat; corn is at 60 cents; is proud of the improvements Nelson has made on his estate; \"indeed it may be fairly said the Old Virginia is rising from the dead\"; Nelson and Mr. [Edmund?] Ruffin should publish a memoir Improvements on the Pamunkey so as to aid others by their success.","The severe weather has thrown all his occupations backwards; the fish in the Potomac are late; needs the money from the corn; has Nelson send a barrel of herring from the Pamunkey as they are fatter, larger and better than those of the Potomac; asks for herring to be sent to his daughter Mrs. Lee; orders oars for his market boat; feels wood will be in demand as he has heard some New York people are planning to run steamers to Eltham[?] and a railroad from there to Richmond.","Has not heard from Nelson since last October and needs the money for the corn crop to carry him over until his wheat goes to market as he is out of money.","Fish is fast becoming the most expensive article of food in the United States; 50 cents for a shad or herring, $6 a thousand for herring, $8 to $10 for a hundred shad; needs money to pay for repairs on his mills; has heard that the assembly passed the Pamunkey railroad and feels the \"White House\" would be a good place for it to meet the water; as vice president of the Virginia chapter of the U. S. Agricultural Society he plans to elect Nelson to it.","Col. [Robert E. Lee] will be here soon and will help him with his business affairs; they would not be in so bad a shape except that the man he contracted with to cut pine on Smith Island forfeited his contract; needs an advance on the wheat; is not feeling well.","Made out very badly with the corn; Nelson should do well with the wheat this year; he plans to go to West Point [New York] for his health probably the last time he will go abroad; made a speech before the United States Agriculture Society of Virginia and mentioned Nelson's services to the restoration of agriculture in this state.","Feels Nelson received a good price for the wheat, but if war comes to Europe prices will go up; Col. [Robert E.] Lee is here with Custis's grandchildren and Custis will soon go to West Point [New York] for his health; it is good Nelson is fallowing for wheat, twenty years ago this was unheard of; they are talking again of a railroad to the Pamunkey; wants Nelson to get it to cross the \"White House\" estate.","Is comfortably fixed at Col. [Robert E.] Lee's quarters and Nelson can direct his mail here; the railroad from Richmond to the Pamunkey will certainly be built; wants Nelson to represent his interests if it crosses the \"White House\" estate a city will build up there.","The Richmond market is the only one where grain is sold on credit and this is unfair to the farmer; feels next year they should insist on money or take the wheat to Baltimore or New York; Corn is worth $4 a barrel; is sure the improvements at \"White House\" will compare favorably to any ordered elsewhere.","Has heard the railroad is to be built, and as the \"White House\" is the nearest point to deep navigable water on the Pamunkey they should try to get the route as it would greatly cut their distance to market; the price of wheat in New York, $2.56, is the highest ever in the United States; as a consequence land is at an astounding price for example, $100 an acre unimproved in Fairfax; corn is also on the rise; may go to Europe next summer.","Is trying to settle his account with Mrs. Nelson with the help of Mr. Stompers; Colonel [Robert E.] Lee was there to help him, as he is a master of accounts; fishery on the Potomac has been tolerable; has heard the York River Railroad is to go to West Point; the rule is for the directors to bargain directly with the proprietors over compensation for the right of way, and if they can't agree the Commissioners of the Court decide; hopes to go to Europe to better his health and spirits.","Fishery in the Potomac has been the worst ever; tells Nelson to pay Mrs. Nelson from the corn crop now and later from the wheat; has been assured that the railroad will run through Romancock to West Point, and Nelson should get good compensation for the right-of-way, but must get it in cash; feels they should insist that the Richmond millers pay cash as is done everywhere else in the United States.","This is the first year he has paid his bills when they were presented, rather than giving notes; feels selling the wheat at the landing is a good idea as it saves risk, time and waste, and will be satisfied with $2 a bushel; it will be the most he has earned from his estate in 52 years; has sent Nelson a find Durham bull calf.","Most here are selling their wheat at under $2 despite the expected high prices due to the bad crops in Europe; his health is bad and he will go to West Point [New York]; corn everywhere is very bad due to the drought, which is the worst in memory; due to his [GWPC] advanced age he feels it important that Nelson settle their accounts according to Colonel [Robert E.] Lee's instructions.","Will be at West Point [New York] 3 or 4 weeks; hopes Nelson has continued selling the wheat which is at 70 to 80 cents a bushel; is anxious to hear about the decision on the railroad route.","Feels Nelson must write him immediately and explain the suit which has been filed against him by a man in New Kent County for a debt of $900 which he [GWPC] knows nothing about; is particularly upset due to the suit; was too ashamed to go to Richmond for the agricultural exhibition where he feels he would have been greatly honored due to his many efforts on behalf of Virginia Agriculture, especially his having started the Arlington Sheep Shearing 50 years ago and having privately supported it the first 9 years.","Declares that this is the sixth letter he has written to Nelson without having received a reply; asserts that he has the right to require information from his agent [Nelson] and urges him to immediately convey information respecting last year's crops, \"having heard nothing respecting the balance of the wheat crop which I directed to be sent to Baltimore...;\" hopes they they may both part in peace.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, 1832/1856"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 C96","/repositories/2/resources/1171"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 C96","/repositories/2/resources/1171"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Railroads"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Railroads"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Railroads"],"creator_ssm":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis"],"creator_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Deposit: 55 items, 30 January 1948."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agricultural implements","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.)","Farm management--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agricultural implements","Agriculture--Virginia--History--18th century","Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial (Va.)","Farm management--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","White House (Washington, D.C.)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["55 items"],"extent_ssm":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.50 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["55 items."],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganization: This collection is organized three series: Series 1 contains materials dated 1832-1849, Series 2 contains materials dated 1850-1854, Series 3 contains materials dated 1855-1856. Arrangement: This collection is arranged chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organization: This collection is organized three series: Series 1 contains materials dated 1832-1849, Series 2 contains materials dated 1850-1854, Series 3 contains materials dated 1855-1856. Arrangement: This collection is arranged chronologically by date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Parke Custis was the son of John Parke Custis who was the stepson of George Washington. Custis' mother was Eleanor Calvert. He grew up at \"Mount Vernon\" after the death of his father. He married Mary Lee Fitzhugh and lived at \"Arlington.\" His daughter Mary Anna Randolph Custis married Robert E. Lee. George Washington Parke Custis was a playwright and agricultural reformer. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/George_Washington_Parke_Custis\" title=\"George Washington Parke Custis\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis was the son of John Parke Custis who was the stepson of George Washington. Custis' mother was Eleanor Calvert. He grew up at \"Mount Vernon\" after the death of his father. He married Mary Lee Fitzhugh and lived at \"Arlington.\" His daughter Mary Anna Randolph Custis married Robert E. Lee. George Washington Parke Custis was a playwright and agricultural reformer. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Parke Custis Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Parke Custis Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Peg Poeschl and Alan Strange during 1983-1984. Container list imported in November 2011 by Benjamin Bromley.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Peg Poeschl and Alan Strange during 1983-1984. Container list imported in November 2011 by Benjamin Bromley."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eExpresses joy that Congress has proposed to exhume the body of \"my venerable Grandparent\" [George Washington] and as the \"last but one survivor of the family of Washington,\" consents to his reburial \"beneath the dome of the Senate house.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if he can send herring up to him as the fishing in the Potomac has been bad, so the price is very high $3.50 to $4 per 1000; corn is 44 to 45 cents and will probably go up to 50 or 60 cents in June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas received the draft for $1025; Nelson can dispose of the rest of the corn as he wishes; the news we are soon to receive from England may greatly affect the price of wheat and corn; is gratified to hear Nelson will have 2500 to 3000 bushels of wheat the best in 45 years; Custis will visit in October.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he has not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he had not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives Nelson directions for remitting several drafts; is happy with the 1000 barrels of corn Nelson will have for sale, especially as the price is still rising; is glad the wheat is promising and that they will soon be able to compare the value of \"oyster shells and Marl,\" and the improvements by \"plaister and clover; requests Nelson be careful with curing the hams as some have arrived \"injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvises him not to sell the 1000 barrels of corn at 80 cents a bushel in New York, $1 in Baltimore and if they wait they too will get $1 a bushel; needs the money and wants to enjoy the rarity of selling a good crop at a good price.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuspension of the [British] Navigation laws has temporarily caused the price of corn to steady but it will soon rise again; will sell his corn at $1, although by next August the price should be great as there are reports of demand abroad even in the Mediterranean; in 1810[?] will actually go to $9 a barrel; on the 22nd was at a celebration in Alexandria and shipwrecked on the way home; there will be a railroad built across the \"White House\" estate; will send instructions regarding this later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNelson's good news regarding the wheat and corn crops has bettered his spirits which are low due to the loss of the sale of the corn crop; the markets in Europe are still depressed but surely have reached their lowest point; when to sell the wheat will depend upon the English harvest; advises Nelson to go ahead and sell the ship timber; the success of the Oyster Shell [fertilizer] will transfer the Pamunkey [rive] lands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrices in Europe have declined even further, but may go up if rains hit the harvest there; his health is bad and spirits, low.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeels Nelson has made a judicious sale of the wheat, considering the times and prices; advises to sell the corn South in Norfolk or Richmond as prices in North are lower; his health is better with the waning of the frosts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prices of breautographed signed documenttuffs are better here than in Europe; corn is 75 and 80 cents in Philadelphia and New York, wheat is $1.35 to $1.50 in the North; was not in New York for the laying of the Corner Stone of the Washington Monument despite what the papers say; the prices for corn and wheat should be good in Baltimore due to the burning of the Gallego mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNelson's draft for $600 is greatly appreciated as Custis has agreements due now and would have had to have sold his corn early; gives specification for Chestnut rails [for railroad?]; is readying his Pocosin [lands?] for planting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe price of breautographed signed documenttuffs is improving so he wishes to wait before selling his corn; if Nelson's fishery was good he wants him to lend him [GWPC] $300-$400.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThanks Nelson for the butter and corn; notes the price of corn is rising but, as he needs the money, wants Nelson to sell it when he feels it adviseable; is not surprised Nelson's fishery was bad as it was bad on the Potomac and Delaware also; sounds like the wheat crop will be fine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe price of corn has advanced in Europe so he hopes his money needs will be met; there is cholera at the plantations on the James River, in Gloucester, and on the York River; advises to prepare phials of camphor and give one to each overseer and keep one in the house to be used at first instance of cramps; the rains have worked wonders on the wheat crops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms him of the sale of Major Custis' wheat which had been sent on the Schooner Harold.This letter was included within the letter listed below; D. McConky \u0026amp; Co., Baltimore, to George W[ashington] P[arke] Custis, [\"Arlington House,\" Arlington, Virginia], 21 August 1849.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA receipt for the sale of his wheat.This letter was included within the above letter; McConky \u0026amp; Co., Baltimore [Md.], to Francis Nelson, \"White House,\" near New Kent C[ourt] H[ouse], Virginia, 25 Aug[us]t 1849.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs glad to hear Nelson has been healthy here they have had dysentery and diarrhea but no losses; tells Nelson to sell the rest of his wheat as best he can and from that money to pay Mrs. Nelson her $1000; hopes she will wait for payment of the interest on it as he has other debts to pay; has been truly economical spending only on essentials for his family and on manure for his fields; hopefully the next crop will solve his problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes that the decision to run the r[ail] road by the \"White House\" will be made tomorrow; instructs Nelson to give them te land necessary for the bridge's abatement and any other needed right-of-way, for the railroad will be a \"decided benefit,\" allowing him to sell his fish almost fresh in Richmond noting that the rent for a fishery along the Potomac had risen from $133 1/3 a year to $4000; crops will not go to Richmond, but to West Point or Baltimore, where he has had satisfactory dealings and where higher prices compensate for the distance; reports that he wants to own no more \"Negro property,\" of which he has $100,000 worth; notes that a gentleman in \"Washington City\" congratulated him for selling his Lower Country Wheat Crop for $17,000; says he knows nothing of it and begs Nelson to send information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges that he [Nelson] has quadrupled his property's production since becoming agent; wishes work to commence on the mill; notes the uno locationleasantness of some of the correspondence and asks for information regarding the sale of last year's wheat crop, noting that he had received $6000 and wondered if any of the remainder could be remitted to him; refers to having been insulted by being arrested for a debt of which he knew nothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports that Col. [Robert E.] Lee can't look over his accounts as he has received his new commission; has retained a lawyer and a banker to look over accounts; requests that Nelson submit the dates of the receipts for money credited to him [George Washington Parke Custis]; Wheat prospects are $2.30-$2.45 with new crops engaging $2.00; Bishop [William] Meale to visit White House and will report to [George Washington Parke Custis] on his holdings; wants complete list of all Negroes' ages; health as usual, depressed in spirits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes that Mr. Raoch has returned from the \"White House\" lauding the size of the oat and corn crops; finds it \"remarkable\" that some acres are producing 30 bushels of wheat and notifies him [Nelson] that he will take $2 cash [a bushel] for the wheat; recommends Mr. Roach as a contractor; hopes that the railroad will not delay any longer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSigned printed document, informing Custis of a Commissioners' meeting in King William County for ascertaining a just compensation for landowners along the railroad line; autographed signed document, [on reverse] Custis empowering Nelson to act on his behalf at the Commissioners' meeting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifying him [Nelson] that he is to receive just compensation from the railraod for any right-of-way and expressing the hope that the railroad will take action on the condemnation of the White House depot; asks about wheat crop and whether two barrels of clothes \"for the Negroes\" arrived; complains of \"severe attack of diarrhea.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receiving $4000 and figures that he [Nelson] must have procurred at least $2 [a bushel]; hopes for a good corn crop; tells him to look after his interest at the meeting of Railroad commissioners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCol. [Robert E.] Lee has looked over accounts and Mr. Overton Winston of Hanover will attempt to settle all unsettled accounts no further expenditures; encourages him to market fish noting that fish has increased by five- hundred percent and fishery rent from $133 1/3 in [GWPC's] time to $3750; \"The severe season and fall of prices\" will necessitate selling the corn in March.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstructs him to ship the corn crop to McKonkey in Baltimore to sell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Nelson that as the time of year is at hand when it is customary in Virginia to give notice of the \"discontinuance of employment,\" his [Nelson's] services will no longer be required after the harvest [six months], wants to sell wheat to make payment of $1000 to Mary Nelson; discusses negotiations with the railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComplains of marketing wheat crop at a time of \"sudden and great depression of prices\"; wants all crops to be shipped to Baltimore; corn prices are \"looking up\" instructs him to exact compensation for any of his [GWPC's] men and/or materials that the railroad uses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses support for his [Henry C. Wise's] plan to establish the Ocean Bathing Place on the coast of Virginia, noting that an advantage of such an arrangement might be that \"gentlemen will not be liable...to be first knocked down and sued afterwards by coloured gentlemen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWheat prices are $1.50 to $1.55 while corn is at $2.00; had expressed desire to go to the Richmond fair but discouraged by family because he knew no one there; attended the \"Great Exhibition at Philadelphia as Vice President of the United States Agriculture [?] Society for Virginia\"; called it \"grandest spectacle\"; looks forward to \"bright days\" for lower Virginia with the extension of the new railroad to West Point, [Virginia].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOffers to furnish laborers for the work to be done by the railroad [subcontracted by Nelson, George Washington Parke Custis' property] at the rate of $9 for each man, $5 passage, $2 provisions, $1 fee for laborers and for Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas received Nelson's letter and draft; will be in Richmond the 22nd and ready to accompany Nelson to the \"White House\" on Saturday.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs anxious to hear how Nelson sold the corn, about the wood cutting, and how the wheat crop is; does Nelson think anything will come of steam navigation on the Pamunkey or a plank road to Richmond?; the fishery on the Potomac is the best for March in 20 years; any money to be spared can be used, for it is time to buy guano, cloves and plaister; please send the barrel of herring to Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQuestions whether anything grew out of the suggestion to initiate steam navigation on the York River and its branches in New Kent, Hanover and King William counties; corn prices are up in Europe and will probably be $3 a barrel by spring; hears the people of Albemarle wish to build a railroad from near Hanover Court House to the tide water of the Pamunkey [River] so they needn't unload and reship at Richmond, bu such improvements go slowly in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStill needs the advance of $600 on the corn, which he will pay back as soon as the corn sells; expects the largest crop of wheat ever on his estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs sorry he did not get to see Nelson before the severe weather set in; Nelson did well to get 90 cents for his wheat; corn is at 60 cents; is proud of the improvements Nelson has made on his estate; \"indeed it may be fairly said the Old Virginia is rising from the dead\"; Nelson and Mr. [Edmund?] Ruffin should publish a memoir Improvements on the Pamunkey so as to aid others by their success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe severe weather has thrown all his occupations backwards; the fish in the Potomac are late; needs the money from the corn; has Nelson send a barrel of herring from the Pamunkey as they are fatter, larger and better than those of the Potomac; asks for herring to be sent to his daughter Mrs. Lee; orders oars for his market boat; feels wood will be in demand as he has heard some New York people are planning to run steamers to Eltham[?] and a railroad from there to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas not heard from Nelson since last October and needs the money for the corn crop to carry him over until his wheat goes to market as he is out of money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFish is fast becoming the most expensive article of food in the United States; 50 cents for a shad or herring, $6 a thousand for herring, $8 to $10 for a hundred shad; needs money to pay for repairs on his mills; has heard that the assembly passed the Pamunkey railroad and feels the \"White House\" would be a good place for it to meet the water; as vice president of the Virginia chapter of the U. S. Agricultural Society he plans to elect Nelson to it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCol. [Robert E. Lee] will be here soon and will help him with his business affairs; they would not be in so bad a shape except that the man he contracted with to cut pine on Smith Island forfeited his contract; needs an advance on the wheat; is not feeling well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMade out very badly with the corn; Nelson should do well with the wheat this year; he plans to go to West Point [New York] for his health probably the last time he will go abroad; made a speech before the United States Agriculture Society of Virginia and mentioned Nelson's services to the restoration of agriculture in this state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeels Nelson received a good price for the wheat, but if war comes to Europe prices will go up; Col. [Robert E.] Lee is here with Custis's grandchildren and Custis will soon go to West Point [New York] for his health; it is good Nelson is fallowing for wheat, twenty years ago this was unheard of; they are talking again of a railroad to the Pamunkey; wants Nelson to get it to cross the \"White House\" estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs comfortably fixed at Col. [Robert E.] Lee's quarters and Nelson can direct his mail here; the railroad from Richmond to the Pamunkey will certainly be built; wants Nelson to represent his interests if it crosses the \"White House\" estate a city will build up there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond market is the only one where grain is sold on credit and this is unfair to the farmer; feels next year they should insist on money or take the wheat to Baltimore or New York; Corn is worth $4 a barrel; is sure the improvements at \"White House\" will compare favorably to any ordered elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas heard the railroad is to be built, and as the \"White House\" is the nearest point to deep navigable water on the Pamunkey they should try to get the route as it would greatly cut their distance to market; the price of wheat in New York, $2.56, is the highest ever in the United States; as a consequence land is at an astounding price for example, $100 an acre unimproved in Fairfax; corn is also on the rise; may go to Europe next summer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs trying to settle his account with Mrs. Nelson with the help of Mr. Stompers; Colonel [Robert E.] Lee was there to help him, as he is a master of accounts; fishery on the Potomac has been tolerable; has heard the York River Railroad is to go to West Point; the rule is for the directors to bargain directly with the proprietors over compensation for the right of way, and if they can't agree the Commissioners of the Court decide; hopes to go to Europe to better his health and spirits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFishery in the Potomac has been the worst ever; tells Nelson to pay Mrs. Nelson from the corn crop now and later from the wheat; has been assured that the railroad will run through Romancock to West Point, and Nelson should get good compensation for the right-of-way, but must get it in cash; feels they should insist that the Richmond millers pay cash as is done everywhere else in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is the first year he has paid his bills when they were presented, rather than giving notes; feels selling the wheat at the landing is a good idea as it saves risk, time and waste, and will be satisfied with $2 a bushel; it will be the most he has earned from his estate in 52 years; has sent Nelson a find Durham bull calf.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost here are selling their wheat at under $2 despite the expected high prices due to the bad crops in Europe; his health is bad and he will go to West Point [New York]; corn everywhere is very bad due to the drought, which is the worst in memory; due to his [GWPC] advanced age he feels it important that Nelson settle their accounts according to Colonel [Robert E.] Lee's instructions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWill be at West Point [New York] 3 or 4 weeks; hopes Nelson has continued selling the wheat which is at 70 to 80 cents a bushel; is anxious to hear about the decision on the railroad route.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeels Nelson must write him immediately and explain the suit which has been filed against him by a man in New Kent County for a debt of $900 which he [GWPC] knows nothing about; is particularly upset due to the suit; was too ashamed to go to Richmond for the agricultural exhibition where he feels he would have been greatly honored due to his many efforts on behalf of Virginia Agriculture, especially his having started the Arlington Sheep Shearing 50 years ago and having privately supported it the first 9 years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclares that this is the sixth letter he has written to Nelson without having received a reply; asserts that he has the right to require information from his agent [Nelson] and urges him to immediately convey information respecting last year's crops, \"having heard nothing respecting the balance of the wheat crop which I directed to be sent to Baltimore...;\" hopes they they may both part in peace.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1832-1856, of George Washington Parke Custis of \"Arlington.\" The collection is mostly letters written to Francis Nelson, his farm manager at \"White House,\" New Kent County, Virginia concerning growing and marketing crops, agricultural improvements, the effect of the proposed Richmond and York River Railroad on the plantation, and Robert E. Lee. There are a few additional letters to Nelson from merchants and railroad officials, and photostats of 2 additional Custis letters.","Expresses joy that Congress has proposed to exhume the body of \"my venerable Grandparent\" [George Washington] and as the \"last but one survivor of the family of Washington,\" consents to his reburial \"beneath the dome of the Senate house.\"","Asks if he can send herring up to him as the fishing in the Potomac has been bad, so the price is very high $3.50 to $4 per 1000; corn is 44 to 45 cents and will probably go up to 50 or 60 cents in June.","Has received the draft for $1025; Nelson can dispose of the rest of the corn as he wishes; the news we are soon to receive from England may greatly affect the price of wheat and corn; is gratified to hear Nelson will have 2500 to 3000 bushels of wheat the best in 45 years; Custis will visit in October.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he has not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Wrote three weeks ago and has received no reply and as he had not heard from his estates for nearly half a year, is anxious for news; would have visited but his health has been poor.","Gives Nelson directions for remitting several drafts; is happy with the 1000 barrels of corn Nelson will have for sale, especially as the price is still rising; is glad the wheat is promising and that they will soon be able to compare the value of \"oyster shells and Marl,\" and the improvements by \"plaister and clover; requests Nelson be careful with curing the hams as some have arrived \"injured.\"","Advises him not to sell the 1000 barrels of corn at 80 cents a bushel in New York, $1 in Baltimore and if they wait they too will get $1 a bushel; needs the money and wants to enjoy the rarity of selling a good crop at a good price.","Suspension of the [British] Navigation laws has temporarily caused the price of corn to steady but it will soon rise again; will sell his corn at $1, although by next August the price should be great as there are reports of demand abroad even in the Mediterranean; in 1810[?] will actually go to $9 a barrel; on the 22nd was at a celebration in Alexandria and shipwrecked on the way home; there will be a railroad built across the \"White House\" estate; will send instructions regarding this later.","Nelson's good news regarding the wheat and corn crops has bettered his spirits which are low due to the loss of the sale of the corn crop; the markets in Europe are still depressed but surely have reached their lowest point; when to sell the wheat will depend upon the English harvest; advises Nelson to go ahead and sell the ship timber; the success of the Oyster Shell [fertilizer] will transfer the Pamunkey [rive] lands.","Prices in Europe have declined even further, but may go up if rains hit the harvest there; his health is bad and spirits, low.","Feels Nelson has made a judicious sale of the wheat, considering the times and prices; advises to sell the corn South in Norfolk or Richmond as prices in North are lower; his health is better with the waning of the frosts.","The prices of breautographed signed documenttuffs are better here than in Europe; corn is 75 and 80 cents in Philadelphia and New York, wheat is $1.35 to $1.50 in the North; was not in New York for the laying of the Corner Stone of the Washington Monument despite what the papers say; the prices for corn and wheat should be good in Baltimore due to the burning of the Gallego mills.","Nelson's draft for $600 is greatly appreciated as Custis has agreements due now and would have had to have sold his corn early; gives specification for Chestnut rails [for railroad?]; is readying his Pocosin [lands?] for planting.","The price of breautographed signed documenttuffs is improving so he wishes to wait before selling his corn; if Nelson's fishery was good he wants him to lend him [GWPC] $300-$400.","Thanks Nelson for the butter and corn; notes the price of corn is rising but, as he needs the money, wants Nelson to sell it when he feels it adviseable; is not surprised Nelson's fishery was bad as it was bad on the Potomac and Delaware also; sounds like the wheat crop will be fine.","The price of corn has advanced in Europe so he hopes his money needs will be met; there is cholera at the plantations on the James River, in Gloucester, and on the York River; advises to prepare phials of camphor and give one to each overseer and keep one in the house to be used at first instance of cramps; the rains have worked wonders on the wheat crops.","Informs him of the sale of Major Custis' wheat which had been sent on the Schooner Harold.This letter was included within the letter listed below; D. McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore, to George W[ashington] P[arke] Custis, [\"Arlington House,\" Arlington, Virginia], 21 August 1849.","A receipt for the sale of his wheat.This letter was included within the above letter; McConky \u0026 Co., Baltimore [Md.], to Francis Nelson, \"White House,\" near New Kent C[ourt] H[ouse], Virginia, 25 Aug[us]t 1849.","Is glad to hear Nelson has been healthy here they have had dysentery and diarrhea but no losses; tells Nelson to sell the rest of his wheat as best he can and from that money to pay Mrs. Nelson her $1000; hopes she will wait for payment of the interest on it as he has other debts to pay; has been truly economical spending only on essentials for his family and on manure for his fields; hopefully the next crop will solve his problems.","Notes that the decision to run the r[ail] road by the \"White House\" will be made tomorrow; instructs Nelson to give them te land necessary for the bridge's abatement and any other needed right-of-way, for the railroad will be a \"decided benefit,\" allowing him to sell his fish almost fresh in Richmond noting that the rent for a fishery along the Potomac had risen from $133 1/3 a year to $4000; crops will not go to Richmond, but to West Point or Baltimore, where he has had satisfactory dealings and where higher prices compensate for the distance; reports that he wants to own no more \"Negro property,\" of which he has $100,000 worth; notes that a gentleman in \"Washington City\" congratulated him for selling his Lower Country Wheat Crop for $17,000; says he knows nothing of it and begs Nelson to send information.","Acknowledges that he [Nelson] has quadrupled his property's production since becoming agent; wishes work to commence on the mill; notes the uno locationleasantness of some of the correspondence and asks for information regarding the sale of last year's wheat crop, noting that he had received $6000 and wondered if any of the remainder could be remitted to him; refers to having been insulted by being arrested for a debt of which he knew nothing.","Reports that Col. [Robert E.] Lee can't look over his accounts as he has received his new commission; has retained a lawyer and a banker to look over accounts; requests that Nelson submit the dates of the receipts for money credited to him [George Washington Parke Custis]; Wheat prospects are $2.30-$2.45 with new crops engaging $2.00; Bishop [William] Meale to visit White House and will report to [George Washington Parke Custis] on his holdings; wants complete list of all Negroes' ages; health as usual, depressed in spirits.","Notes that Mr. Raoch has returned from the \"White House\" lauding the size of the oat and corn crops; finds it \"remarkable\" that some acres are producing 30 bushels of wheat and notifies him [Nelson] that he will take $2 cash [a bushel] for the wheat; recommends Mr. Roach as a contractor; hopes that the railroad will not delay any longer.","Signed printed document, informing Custis of a Commissioners' meeting in King William County for ascertaining a just compensation for landowners along the railroad line; autographed signed document, [on reverse] Custis empowering Nelson to act on his behalf at the Commissioners' meeting.","Notifying him [Nelson] that he is to receive just compensation from the railraod for any right-of-way and expressing the hope that the railroad will take action on the condemnation of the White House depot; asks about wheat crop and whether two barrels of clothes \"for the Negroes\" arrived; complains of \"severe attack of diarrhea.\"","Acknowledges receiving $4000 and figures that he [Nelson] must have procurred at least $2 [a bushel]; hopes for a good corn crop; tells him to look after his interest at the meeting of Railroad commissioners.","Col. [Robert E.] Lee has looked over accounts and Mr. Overton Winston of Hanover will attempt to settle all unsettled accounts no further expenditures; encourages him to market fish noting that fish has increased by five- hundred percent and fishery rent from $133 1/3 in [GWPC's] time to $3750; \"The severe season and fall of prices\" will necessitate selling the corn in March.","Instructs him to ship the corn crop to McKonkey in Baltimore to sell.","Informs Nelson that as the time of year is at hand when it is customary in Virginia to give notice of the \"discontinuance of employment,\" his [Nelson's] services will no longer be required after the harvest [six months], wants to sell wheat to make payment of $1000 to Mary Nelson; discusses negotiations with the railroad.","Complains of marketing wheat crop at a time of \"sudden and great depression of prices\"; wants all crops to be shipped to Baltimore; corn prices are \"looking up\" instructs him to exact compensation for any of his [GWPC's] men and/or materials that the railroad uses.","Expresses support for his [Henry C. Wise's] plan to establish the Ocean Bathing Place on the coast of Virginia, noting that an advantage of such an arrangement might be that \"gentlemen will not be liable...to be first knocked down and sued afterwards by coloured gentlemen.\"","Wheat prices are $1.50 to $1.55 while corn is at $2.00; had expressed desire to go to the Richmond fair but discouraged by family because he knew no one there; attended the \"Great Exhibition at Philadelphia as Vice President of the United States Agriculture [?] Society for Virginia\"; called it \"grandest spectacle\"; looks forward to \"bright days\" for lower Virginia with the extension of the new railroad to West Point, [Virginia].","Offers to furnish laborers for the work to be done by the railroad [subcontracted by Nelson, George Washington Parke Custis' property] at the rate of $9 for each man, $5 passage, $2 provisions, $1 fee for laborers and for Nelson.","Has received Nelson's letter and draft; will be in Richmond the 22nd and ready to accompany Nelson to the \"White House\" on Saturday.","Is anxious to hear how Nelson sold the corn, about the wood cutting, and how the wheat crop is; does Nelson think anything will come of steam navigation on the Pamunkey or a plank road to Richmond?; the fishery on the Potomac is the best for March in 20 years; any money to be spared can be used, for it is time to buy guano, cloves and plaister; please send the barrel of herring to Baltimore.","Questions whether anything grew out of the suggestion to initiate steam navigation on the York River and its branches in New Kent, Hanover and King William counties; corn prices are up in Europe and will probably be $3 a barrel by spring; hears the people of Albemarle wish to build a railroad from near Hanover Court House to the tide water of the Pamunkey [River] so they needn't unload and reship at Richmond, bu such improvements go slowly in Virginia.","Still needs the advance of $600 on the corn, which he will pay back as soon as the corn sells; expects the largest crop of wheat ever on his estate.","Is sorry he did not get to see Nelson before the severe weather set in; Nelson did well to get 90 cents for his wheat; corn is at 60 cents; is proud of the improvements Nelson has made on his estate; \"indeed it may be fairly said the Old Virginia is rising from the dead\"; Nelson and Mr. [Edmund?] Ruffin should publish a memoir Improvements on the Pamunkey so as to aid others by their success.","The severe weather has thrown all his occupations backwards; the fish in the Potomac are late; needs the money from the corn; has Nelson send a barrel of herring from the Pamunkey as they are fatter, larger and better than those of the Potomac; asks for herring to be sent to his daughter Mrs. Lee; orders oars for his market boat; feels wood will be in demand as he has heard some New York people are planning to run steamers to Eltham[?] and a railroad from there to Richmond.","Has not heard from Nelson since last October and needs the money for the corn crop to carry him over until his wheat goes to market as he is out of money.","Fish is fast becoming the most expensive article of food in the United States; 50 cents for a shad or herring, $6 a thousand for herring, $8 to $10 for a hundred shad; needs money to pay for repairs on his mills; has heard that the assembly passed the Pamunkey railroad and feels the \"White House\" would be a good place for it to meet the water; as vice president of the Virginia chapter of the U. S. Agricultural Society he plans to elect Nelson to it.","Col. [Robert E. Lee] will be here soon and will help him with his business affairs; they would not be in so bad a shape except that the man he contracted with to cut pine on Smith Island forfeited his contract; needs an advance on the wheat; is not feeling well.","Made out very badly with the corn; Nelson should do well with the wheat this year; he plans to go to West Point [New York] for his health probably the last time he will go abroad; made a speech before the United States Agriculture Society of Virginia and mentioned Nelson's services to the restoration of agriculture in this state.","Feels Nelson received a good price for the wheat, but if war comes to Europe prices will go up; Col. [Robert E.] Lee is here with Custis's grandchildren and Custis will soon go to West Point [New York] for his health; it is good Nelson is fallowing for wheat, twenty years ago this was unheard of; they are talking again of a railroad to the Pamunkey; wants Nelson to get it to cross the \"White House\" estate.","Is comfortably fixed at Col. [Robert E.] Lee's quarters and Nelson can direct his mail here; the railroad from Richmond to the Pamunkey will certainly be built; wants Nelson to represent his interests if it crosses the \"White House\" estate a city will build up there.","The Richmond market is the only one where grain is sold on credit and this is unfair to the farmer; feels next year they should insist on money or take the wheat to Baltimore or New York; Corn is worth $4 a barrel; is sure the improvements at \"White House\" will compare favorably to any ordered elsewhere.","Has heard the railroad is to be built, and as the \"White House\" is the nearest point to deep navigable water on the Pamunkey they should try to get the route as it would greatly cut their distance to market; the price of wheat in New York, $2.56, is the highest ever in the United States; as a consequence land is at an astounding price for example, $100 an acre unimproved in Fairfax; corn is also on the rise; may go to Europe next summer.","Is trying to settle his account with Mrs. Nelson with the help of Mr. Stompers; Colonel [Robert E.] Lee was there to help him, as he is a master of accounts; fishery on the Potomac has been tolerable; has heard the York River Railroad is to go to West Point; the rule is for the directors to bargain directly with the proprietors over compensation for the right of way, and if they can't agree the Commissioners of the Court decide; hopes to go to Europe to better his health and spirits.","Fishery in the Potomac has been the worst ever; tells Nelson to pay Mrs. Nelson from the corn crop now and later from the wheat; has been assured that the railroad will run through Romancock to West Point, and Nelson should get good compensation for the right-of-way, but must get it in cash; feels they should insist that the Richmond millers pay cash as is done everywhere else in the United States.","This is the first year he has paid his bills when they were presented, rather than giving notes; feels selling the wheat at the landing is a good idea as it saves risk, time and waste, and will be satisfied with $2 a bushel; it will be the most he has earned from his estate in 52 years; has sent Nelson a find Durham bull calf.","Most here are selling their wheat at under $2 despite the expected high prices due to the bad crops in Europe; his health is bad and he will go to West Point [New York]; corn everywhere is very bad due to the drought, which is the worst in memory; due to his [GWPC] advanced age he feels it important that Nelson settle their accounts according to Colonel [Robert E.] Lee's instructions.","Will be at West Point [New York] 3 or 4 weeks; hopes Nelson has continued selling the wheat which is at 70 to 80 cents a bushel; is anxious to hear about the decision on the railroad route.","Feels Nelson must write him immediately and explain the suit which has been filed against him by a man in New Kent County for a debt of $900 which he [GWPC] knows nothing about; is particularly upset due to the suit; was too ashamed to go to Richmond for the agricultural exhibition where he feels he would have been greatly honored due to his many efforts on behalf of Virginia Agriculture, especially his having started the Arlington Sheep Shearing 50 years ago and having privately supported it the first 9 years.","Declares that this is the sixth letter he has written to Nelson without having received a reply; asserts that he has the right to require information from his agent [Nelson] and urges him to immediately convey information respecting last year's crops, \"having heard nothing respecting the balance of the wheat crop which I directed to be sent to Baltimore...;\" hopes they they may both part in peace."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Custis, George Washington Parke","Nelson, Francis","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":59,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1171"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_5606#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wythe, George, 1726-1806","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_5606#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCopies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_5606#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_5606.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wythe, George Collection","title_ssm":["George Wythe Collection"],"title_tesim":["George Wythe Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1927"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1927"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1779/1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927"],"text":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927","Mss. 39.2 W99","/repositories/2/resources/5606","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","College of William and Mary--History--18th century","Colonial period, ca. 1609-1774","Continential Congress","Declaration of Independence","House of Burgesses","Legal documents","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Virginia. High Court of Chancery. Richmond District","United States--Lawyers","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Typescripts","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","All accessions have been combined and filed together under Mss. 39.2 W99.","George Wythe was born in 1726 in Elizabeth City County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. Wythe studied law and was a member and clerk of the House of Burgesses. Member of Continental Congress. Signed Declaration of Independence. Speaker of House of Delegates. Judge of Virginia High Court of Chancery. Professor of Law and Police at William and Mary, 1779- 1790. Moved to Richmond where he died in 1806.","Copies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.","In the Gazette of the United States. 2 pieces.","1 piece.","1 piece.","In the Enquirer, Richmond, Va. Photostatic Copy. 1 piece.","In the Mentor, 1 piece.","From the New York Times, 1 piece.","Purchased from J. Presgraves, Nov. 1974","Debt concerns medicine and doctoral visits. DS. 1 item.","Concerns debt of 6 pounds and eleven shillings owed by the estate of John Newport to Anthony Strother.","Concerns a debt. Jury found for the defendant. Ph of DS. 2pp. (Original in the Marshall-Wythe Law Library)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery","Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927"],"collection_ssim":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 W99","/repositories/2/resources/5606"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 W99","/repositories/2/resources/5606"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806"],"creator_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery"],"creators_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated  by Clarence Hodson, Spencer Timm, and Fritz Herschfeld and purchased by W\u0026amp;M Special Collections in batches between 1974 and 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--18th century","Colonial period, ca. 1609-1774","Continential Congress","Declaration of Independence","House of Burgesses","Legal documents","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Virginia. High Court of Chancery. Richmond District","United States--Lawyers","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Typescripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--18th century","Colonial period, ca. 1609-1774","Continential Congress","Declaration of Independence","House of Burgesses","Legal documents","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Virginia. High Court of Chancery. 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Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll accessions have been combined and filed together under Mss. 39.2 W99.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["All accessions have been combined and filed together under Mss. 39.2 W99."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wythe was born in 1726 in Elizabeth City County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. Wythe studied law and was a member and clerk of the House of Burgesses. Member of Continental Congress. Signed Declaration of Independence. Speaker of House of Delegates. Judge of Virginia High Court of Chancery. Professor of Law and Police at William and Mary, 1779- 1790. Moved to Richmond where he died in 1806.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Wythe was born in 1726 in Elizabeth City County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. Wythe studied law and was a member and clerk of the House of Burgesses. Member of Continental Congress. Signed Declaration of Independence. Speaker of House of Delegates. Judge of Virginia High Court of Chancery. Professor of Law and Police at William and Mary, 1779- 1790. Moved to Richmond where he died in 1806."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wythe Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Wythe Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Gazette of the United States. 2 pieces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the Enquirer, Richmond, Va. Photostatic Copy. 1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the Mentor, 1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the New York Times, 1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePurchased from J. Presgraves, Nov. 1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDebt concerns medicine and doctoral visits. DS. 1 item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns debt of 6 pounds and eleven shillings owed by the estate of John Newport to Anthony Strother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns a debt. Jury found for the defendant. Ph of DS. 2pp. (Original in the Marshall-Wythe Law Library)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Copies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.","In the Gazette of the United States. 2 pieces.","1 piece.","1 piece.","In the Enquirer, Richmond, Va. Photostatic Copy. 1 piece.","In the Mentor, 1 piece.","From the New York Times, 1 piece.","Purchased from J. Presgraves, Nov. 1974","Debt concerns medicine and doctoral visits. DS. 1 item.","Concerns debt of 6 pounds and eleven shillings owed by the estate of John Newport to Anthony Strother.","Concerns a debt. Jury found for the defendant. Ph of DS. 2pp. (Original in the Marshall-Wythe Law Library)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"persname_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery","Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:44:41.677Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5606","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_5606.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wythe, George Collection","title_ssm":["George Wythe Collection"],"title_tesim":["George Wythe Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1927"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1927"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1779/1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927"],"text":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927","Mss. 39.2 W99","/repositories/2/resources/5606","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","College of William and Mary--History--18th century","Colonial period, ca. 1609-1774","Continential Congress","Declaration of Independence","House of Burgesses","Legal documents","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Virginia. High Court of Chancery. Richmond District","United States--Lawyers","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Typescripts","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","All accessions have been combined and filed together under Mss. 39.2 W99.","George Wythe was born in 1726 in Elizabeth City County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. Wythe studied law and was a member and clerk of the House of Burgesses. Member of Continental Congress. Signed Declaration of Independence. Speaker of House of Delegates. Judge of Virginia High Court of Chancery. Professor of Law and Police at William and Mary, 1779- 1790. Moved to Richmond where he died in 1806.","Copies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.","In the Gazette of the United States. 2 pieces.","1 piece.","1 piece.","In the Enquirer, Richmond, Va. Photostatic Copy. 1 piece.","In the Mentor, 1 piece.","From the New York Times, 1 piece.","Purchased from J. Presgraves, Nov. 1974","Debt concerns medicine and doctoral visits. DS. 1 item.","Concerns debt of 6 pounds and eleven shillings owed by the estate of John Newport to Anthony Strother.","Concerns a debt. Jury found for the defendant. Ph of DS. 2pp. (Original in the Marshall-Wythe Law Library)","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery","Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927"],"collection_ssim":["George Wythe Collection, 1779/1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 W99","/repositories/2/resources/5606"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 W99","/repositories/2/resources/5606"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806"],"creator_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery"],"creators_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated  by Clarence Hodson, Spencer Timm, and Fritz Herschfeld and purchased by W\u0026amp;M Special Collections in batches between 1974 and 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--18th century","Colonial period, ca. 1609-1774","Continential Congress","Declaration of Independence","House of Burgesses","Legal documents","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Virginia. High Court of Chancery. Richmond District","United States--Lawyers","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Typescripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--18th century","Colonial period, ca. 1609-1774","Continential Congress","Declaration of Independence","House of Burgesses","Legal documents","United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Virginia. High Court of Chancery. Richmond District","United States--Lawyers","Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Typescripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Typescripts"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll accessions have been combined and filed together under Mss. 39.2 W99.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["All accessions have been combined and filed together under Mss. 39.2 W99."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wythe was born in 1726 in Elizabeth City County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. Wythe studied law and was a member and clerk of the House of Burgesses. Member of Continental Congress. Signed Declaration of Independence. Speaker of House of Delegates. Judge of Virginia High Court of Chancery. Professor of Law and Police at William and Mary, 1779- 1790. Moved to Richmond where he died in 1806.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Wythe was born in 1726 in Elizabeth City County, Va. He attended the College of William and Mary. Wythe studied law and was a member and clerk of the House of Burgesses. Member of Continental Congress. Signed Declaration of Independence. Speaker of House of Delegates. Judge of Virginia High Court of Chancery. Professor of Law and Police at William and Mary, 1779- 1790. Moved to Richmond where he died in 1806."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Wythe Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["George Wythe Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Gazette of the United States. 2 pieces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the Enquirer, Richmond, Va. Photostatic Copy. 1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the Mentor, 1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the New York Times, 1 piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePurchased from J. Presgraves, Nov. 1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDebt concerns medicine and doctoral visits. DS. 1 item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns debt of 6 pounds and eleven shillings owed by the estate of John Newport to Anthony Strother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns a debt. Jury found for the defendant. Ph of DS. 2pp. (Original in the Marshall-Wythe Law Library)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Copies of letters, 1781-1783, from George Wythe, Williamsburg, Va. , one to John Adams and another to Thomas Jefferson concerning the use of the College of William and Mary as a hospital. Also includes a magazine article about Wythe; newspaper copy of William Munford's oration at Wythe's funeral; correspondence, 1921, of Robert M. Hughes concerning a monument for Wythe's grave; a form book of Peter Tinsley, clerk of the High Court of Chancery which gives \"Forms of Injunctions,\" Forms of Orders,\" \"Certificates,\"Processes,\"Executions,\" \"Rules of Court,\" \"Bonds,\" and \"Appeal,\" of chancery cases from the Richmond High Court (1779-1802); several engravings of Wythe and bills of complaints in lawsuits.","In the Gazette of the United States. 2 pieces.","1 piece.","1 piece.","In the Enquirer, Richmond, Va. Photostatic Copy. 1 piece.","In the Mentor, 1 piece.","From the New York Times, 1 piece.","Purchased from J. Presgraves, Nov. 1974","Debt concerns medicine and doctoral visits. DS. 1 item.","Concerns debt of 6 pounds and eleven shillings owed by the estate of John Newport to Anthony Strother.","Concerns a debt. Jury found for the defendant. Ph of DS. 2pp. (Original in the Marshall-Wythe Law Library)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"persname_ssim":["Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Marshall-Wythe School of Law","Virginia. High Court of Chancery","Wythe, George, 1726-1806","Adams, John, 1735-1826","Hughes, Robert M. (Robert Morton), b. 1855","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:44:41.677Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_5606"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3945#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3945#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3945.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Christian, Gideon Papers","title_ssm":["Gideon Christian Papers"],"title_tesim":["Gideon Christian Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-1882"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1838/1882"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882"],"text":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882","MS 00150","/repositories/2/resources/3945","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Confederate States of America. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc","Medical practice--Virginia--History","Medicine--Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","New Kent County (Va.)--History--19th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","6 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Original and addition filed together under Mss Sm Coll Christian.","Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Mss. MsV 21-31 Gideon Christian Ledgers, Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary","Papers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.","A 1993 addendum to this collection (Mss. Acc. 1993.63) consists of two medical essays and one College of William and Mary student notebook belonging to Dr. Gideon Christian.  The student notebook begins October 15th 1840. Medical essays include notes made while attending medical lectures, a schedule of fees for physicians practicing in New Kent County (8 August 1844) and ledger of accounts for Dr. Christian's patients (1846).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882"],"collection_ssim":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00150","/repositories/2/resources/3945"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00150","/repositories/2/resources/3945"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1993.63 is a gift from Elizabeth Binns. 1937.213 Purchase. 10 fee books. 1938.334 Purchase. Ledger of Gideon Christian, physician, of Charles City County, VA 1860. 142 pp"],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Confederate States of America. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc","Medical practice--Virginia--History","Medicine--Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","New Kent County (Va.)--History--19th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Confederate States of America. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal and addition filed together under Mss Sm Coll Christian.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original and addition filed together under Mss Sm Coll Christian."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInformation about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Gideon_Christian\" title=\"Gideon Christian\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGideon Christian Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gideon Christian Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. MsV 21-31 Gideon Christian Ledgers, Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. MsV 21-31 Gideon Christian Ledgers, Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A 1993 addendum to this collection (Mss. Acc. 1993.63) consists of two medical essays and one College of William and Mary student notebook belonging to Dr. Gideon Christian.  The student notebook begins October 15th 1840. Medical essays include notes made while attending medical lectures, a schedule of fees for physicians practicing in New Kent County (8 August 1844) and ledger of accounts for Dr. Christian's patients (1846).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.","A 1993 addendum to this collection (Mss. Acc. 1993.63) consists of two medical essays and one College of William and Mary student notebook belonging to Dr. Gideon Christian.  The student notebook begins October 15th 1840. Medical essays include notes made while attending medical lectures, a schedule of fees for physicians practicing in New Kent County (8 August 1844) and ledger of accounts for Dr. Christian's patients (1846)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:43:51.432Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3945","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3945.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Christian, Gideon Papers","title_ssm":["Gideon Christian Papers"],"title_tesim":["Gideon Christian Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1838-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1838-1882"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1838/1882"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882"],"text":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882","MS 00150","/repositories/2/resources/3945","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Confederate States of America. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc","Medical practice--Virginia--History","Medicine--Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","New Kent County (Va.)--History--19th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","Correspondence","6 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Original and addition filed together under Mss Sm Coll Christian.","Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Mss. MsV 21-31 Gideon Christian Ledgers, Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary","Papers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.","A 1993 addendum to this collection (Mss. Acc. 1993.63) consists of two medical essays and one College of William and Mary student notebook belonging to Dr. Gideon Christian.  The student notebook begins October 15th 1840. Medical essays include notes made while attending medical lectures, a schedule of fees for physicians practicing in New Kent County (8 August 1844) and ledger of accounts for Dr. Christian's patients (1846).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882"],"collection_ssim":["Gideon Christian Papers, 1838/1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00150","/repositories/2/resources/3945"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00150","/repositories/2/resources/3945"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1993.63 is a gift from Elizabeth Binns. 1937.213 Purchase. 10 fee books. 1938.334 Purchase. Ledger of Gideon Christian, physician, of Charles City County, VA 1860. 142 pp"],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Confederate States of America. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc","Medical practice--Virginia--History","Medicine--Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","New Kent County (Va.)--History--19th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Confederate States of America. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc","Medical practice--Virginia--History","Medicine--Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","New Kent County (Va.)--History--19th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["6 items"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal and addition filed together under Mss Sm Coll Christian.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original and addition filed together under Mss Sm Coll Christian."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInformation about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Gideon_Christian\" title=\"Gideon Christian\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGideon Christian Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gideon Christian Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. MsV 21-31 Gideon Christian Ledgers, Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. MsV 21-31 Gideon Christian Ledgers, Special Collections Research Center, College of William and Mary"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A 1993 addendum to this collection (Mss. Acc. 1993.63) consists of two medical essays and one College of William and Mary student notebook belonging to Dr. Gideon Christian.  The student notebook begins October 15th 1840. Medical essays include notes made while attending medical lectures, a schedule of fees for physicians practicing in New Kent County (8 August 1844) and ledger of accounts for Dr. Christian's patients (1846).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1838-1882, of Gideon Christian, physician, of Norfolk, Va. The collection includes letters, accounts, lotteries, prescriptions, and forms for excusing draftees into the Confederate Army on medical grounds.","A 1993 addendum to this collection (Mss. Acc. 1993.63) consists of two medical essays and one College of William and Mary student notebook belonging to Dr. Gideon Christian.  The student notebook begins October 15th 1840. Medical essays include notes made while attending medical lectures, a schedule of fees for physicians practicing in New Kent County (8 August 1844) and ledger of accounts for Dr. Christian's patients (1846)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:43:51.432Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3945"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_615.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00030.xml","title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers"],"title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"text":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.","Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)","This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Giles Gunn papers were donated to the Virginia\n            Military Institute in 1933 by Mary Maigret, Gunn's\n            niece."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 items"],"extent_tesim":["5 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, VA\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 8th, 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestwood, Lexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Molly,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhere is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\u003cbr\u003e\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b69e904f0eac0cc1658da5c7475032f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_615","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_615.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00030.xml","title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers"],"title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"text":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854","MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615","Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.","Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)","This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Giles Gunn papers, 1848/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0292","/repositories/3/resources/615"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Giles Gunn papers were donated to the Virginia\n            Military Institute in 1933 by Mary Maigret, Gunn's\n            niece."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Band—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 items"],"extent_tesim":["5 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Giles Gunn was born on December 19, 1825 in Connecticut, most likely in Washington, Litchfield County. He was the son of John Northrup Gunn, Jr. (1798-1883) and Lora Smith (1800-1841), who were married on June 16, 1819.","By 1848, Gunn was working as a teacher in Lexington, Virginia, where he married Virginia W. Morrison of Rockbridge County on December 19, 1859. Birth records indicate that the couple had several children, all born in Rockbridge: Lora (1860-?), Johnella (1871-?), Effa (or Effie) (1875-?), Fred (187?-?). This listing of children may not be complete.","Gunn died on November 24, 1892. No other biographical information was available at the time the collection was processed."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLexington, VA\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 8th, 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestwood, Lexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Mary,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15th, 1850\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary and Susan,\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\u003cbr\u003e\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJan 6th 1851\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Mary\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nI has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHow does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\u003cbr\u003e\nGod's blessings attend you\u003cbr\u003e\nFrom your brother\u003cbr\u003e\nG. Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Molly,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhere is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGive me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour brother\u003cbr\u003e\nGiles Gunn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\u003cbr\u003e\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Lexington, VA\nJuly 8th, 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nHaving a few spare moments I will improve them by commencing a letter to you and if I get it begun I know that I shall finish it some time or other.","You are at school I suppose taking in learning in junks as big as my fist and then to settle it go home and trot little May on your knee. Wa'll there is nothing like improvement \"go it while you are young\", if I could live over my life again I would study and no mistake. Oliver is well or was last Sunday he was down here and as fine as a new band boy, it would make you laugh and no mistake to see him try to drink buttermilk. The people here use that as \"the drink\" as much as we do water, if you should drop into where he is about noon, you would find him seated on a stump with what is call a \"corn dogger\" in his hand that is made of indian meal wet up with water and baked in the ashes and is his other  hand a gourd of buttermilk that is as thick as ice cream, on this he is growing fat, it is enough to make any one grin their eye teeth out, to see what a pretty face he makes as he devours this tempting feast. He looks as though he would have \"snake and mild\" that father used to tell of before it.","I suppose that you are all well. It is healthy here I have not heard of half a dozen deaths since I have been round here. The farmers have all finished harvest and never was better weather but it has rained now two days and looks as though it meant to keep it up.","Last Tuesday was the fourth of July. I left out school and went into town. It was commencement day at the Virginia Military Institute and the Governor of the State was there to sign the diplomas attended by the State Brass Band.  The cadets marched from the Institute which is about half of a mile from the town preceded by the band which consisted of about a dozen old rusty looking fellows that blew a soul stirring march with fury enough to wake the dead and make live ones hold their ears. The cadets were about 90 in number dressed in gray coats with skirts about as wide as my hand an 8 inches long and white pants, they are a good looking company and after going through with their evolutions they marched into the meeting house then the cadets made several speeches in praise of war of the institute telling what her sons had done on the plains of Mexico and with what pride the people ought to cherish it.  After they were all through, Gov. Smith was introduced.  He was received with much applause and with many bows commenced. He was just about as venerable looking a man as Uncle Gersham  Finn. He said \"that he was happy to be called upon to give advice to young men like them just entering upon life and the first thing that he wished them to do was to hope for a bright day for tomorrow. The next thing that he advised them to do was to get married no young man could be any thing till he was married.  He never heard of a smart man that was a bachelor, (never heard of John Randolph) never knew of a quarrel to take place between a man and a woman but the man was to blame.  He had lived a long life and was capable of giving advice to young men as a father to his children. There was two books that he would recommend to all young men The first was the Bible, the next Shakespeare, all young men should read and profit by both\" and so he went on in a regular stirring speech praising the ladies then telling the young men they must not try to win them by flattery for they were rational beings and despised flattery. He went into the praise of Va, he said that while other states were progressing in dollars Va was progressing in the mind, and so he went on in a soul stirring amid cheers that were deafening. This was my first sight of a real Gov. and it did not give me a very good opinion of the race.","My knife is just about as good as a tool one would be.  Tell father if he will send by Orve Platt to Litchfield and get one of the Holleys pen knives I will pay him for his trouble, get on about the size of this if he can. If he can find more of Holleys send me a good hard one of somebodies that is sharp to begin with and I will send him another dollar as soon as I receive it.","I have got some flower seeds and will send them one of these days, my school is half out and then I don't know what I shall do, whether I shall come home or stay, or\nThere is no news stirring here not so much as a weeding, it is too hot even for that. Give my love to all and write soon, have you heard anything of Julia yet and where is she, I expect a letter from home at the office if it is there I will put a mark on the outside of this to let you know it is rec'd.","I have not got a letter from Mrs. Garnett yet if she has written send no word.\nFrom your brother,\nGiles Gunn","Westwood, Lexington, Va\nSunday, Aug 13th 1848","Dear Sister Mary,\nYour letter came to hand a week ago but I have not had time to answer it till now. I got one from Father last night dated the first day of Aug. I can't see why they are so long coming through; some of the time they have got to me in four days from the time they are dated. There is not much news stirring in these parts, mighty still time. About eight miles from here is a sacrament (quite a rare thing in this country) today, I had intended to go but as it is rainy I shall stay at home. You would like to see them partake. A table is made in front of the pulpit and all that can get round it set down, then the minister at the head of the table cuts the bread, and blesses it, and gives it to another priest who takes it on one side of the table and passes it to each person and says \"may this emblem of the dying savior be blessed to your sanctification\", thus a minister on each side of the table goes through with his ceremony and the same motions over the blood, on wine then the head priest gives a short exhortation and a  prayer and these rise and make room for another table full thus they go it till all have had a bite then they call upon the colored brethren, on past of the ministers do to come down out of the gallery. In some of the churches they climb up to the gallery by a ladder on the outside and go in at the window Monday Night Oliver and Loveridge came here just after I begun to write as I had to put it off. Oliver sends his best love to all and to you in particular. The Doctor that I board with has sold his place and the new owner has moved on; he has six children. The two oldest girls, one eighteen and the other sixteen. They have a piano and are just thundering at it all of the time. They made just about as much music as the cow that Ralph Smith had. The house is a large one, but for all that we are thick as three in a bed. There are thirty three in all black and white in the establishment for the kitchen is a part of the house. I am going to the mountains in a few weeks to hunt for deer and I expect I will have some fun.","There was a sale here the other day of the Doctor's goods and the way the liquor flew want to be beat. The raw material was set before them by the pail full and two thirds of those assembled went home scarcely able to set on their horse. Is all that spree of marrying over. I was coming home expecting to find Lev All, Sam Hollister, John Hine, Jim Mitchen with a baby on each knee and rocking a cradle with each foot, if they don't look out their day of grace will soon be over. If Uncle Andrew don't get married now he has got to quit having his sprees. If the boys had any life they would plague him till he would butt his brains out against a pumpkin or leave the world and climb a tree. If the girls are all engaged let me know and I will look out elsewhere as I have no doubt the best fish are yet to be caught.\n    \nYou would probably like to know how Oliver looks. I will give you his appearance as he looked when he retuned from preaching yesterday. His hair is long and black, his whiskers as black as a coal, his long mustaches black as you please, give him quite a dignified appearance. He has grown taller than he was last fall and his belly shows the effects of buttermilk and its rising qualities. It puts one in mind of a toad that has just swallowed a snake. I tell him that he will crack open like Gid Hollister's sheep and let the tallow out, if he don't refrain from the use of buttermilk as a beverage tea totally and entirely.  You must write as soon as you get this, as the Lord only knows whether I shall stay round here and longer than this quarter and I hardly believe he does for I alter my mind so often. Tell Aunt Amarilli's that she must not entirely forget the Yankee boys in the Old Dominion. That she must take time to give us a few lines of motherly advice as now is the time that we need it. I often think of her and her counsel and if I was religious I would put up a prayer for her but as I am not I will send my love. Also a huge slice to little Albie with half a dozen kisses.","Give my love to all my kith and kiss and make a bow to deacon Albernatha for me the first time you see him. Tell Mrs. Garret that I am well and I hope she is the same. I shall answer Father's letter in about a week. Tell him to have his pen sharpened as to answer instantly.\nFrom your brother\nGiles Gunn","Lexington, Va\nMarch 15th, 1850","Dear Mary and Susan,\nYour letter has been on hand over a week but if you do not get time to write when you go to school. What do you think of a poor fellow who has the charge of a school and you want to know what I am doing? Well not much of any thing.  In the morning I go to the school house about eight o'clock at half past I commence school. Then comes hearing lessons that they have had to learn over night. This is the first thing and it generally takes me about an hour and a half for I have all the lessons learned out of school. After I get through with this I hear them all read then I have a class in Arithmetic after that I spell and then it is noon. In the afternoon I hear them read all round. Then I have a class in passing then a class in arithmetic and spell and get through about five. Though in the time I have two recesses of half an hour and a noon spell of an hour and a half. The history of one day is the history of every day for it is always necessary to have the work go on as regular as clock work and that makes the children regular. Mary if you go to teaching school begin right at first make them know that you are the master. If any thing comes up that you don't know never let the scholars see that you are at a loss. Give your opinion freely and if they show you a book different declare that you are right and the book wrong. If I was you I would never whip unless absolutely necessary, make them set on the floor it hurts a great deal worse than whipping if they refuse to some do not tell them half a dozen times but take them by the hair and drop them one or two [?] in this way will be a lesson, that the whole school will remember. Never threaten without performing. Always be regular. Follow these rules so far as you go and they will reach and you need have no fear of succeeding. Explain your lessons as much as you can, for you can learn as much in one day by talking it to the as they will learn in a week from the book.  Get ambition in your school by some means. I have not a scholar in school but if they get down in the class they will cry and I have some grown. Always make it a practice to review once a week all they have learned that week and once a month for the month. Susan what do you intend to do this summer? You said nothing about your prospects. I have been almost sorry that I came home last summer, if I had not I would come this and go to school to Uncle Fred. I would like to study surveying and some other things. You should have wrapped your flower seeds in something if they were in the letter when I got it for I lost them out in the dirt as I opened it as I walked along. I hope by this time Aunt Amarilis and Don will be well. Since I wrote to father two have died right close to my schoolhouse and three more have been taken sick. I am up watching almost every night for everybody round here are afraid of the fever. In some of the houses there is no once goes in through the week but the Dr. and me.  How is Louis now. You must both of you write to me so soon as you can and let me know what is going on for I have no correspondent in Washington except at home. How many scholars have Uncle Fred. Send me some more seeds if you can find any but wrap them up better. Give my love to all inquiring friends. Tell Father that I received two newspapers from him this week for which he has my thanks.  Has Oliver got around there yet? Write soon. Be good girls and don't forget\nGiles","[Hand-written upside down at the top of this page]\nDo not read Sam's letter but see how he likes it and tell me the next time you write","Lexington, Va\nJan 6th 1851","Dear Mary\nYour letter was duly received about a week ago and as it was in Christmas times I think I shall be excusable that I did not answer it sooner. I have let out school 8 days for Christmas holidays and tomorrow morning I shall again commence beating the brats. I have got almost tired of the business and think this is the last winter I shall work at it in this country.","They had a monstrous fuss round here the other day. A letter was found in the road \"purporting to be from one niggar to another holding forth that on such a night they were to rise. 300 men were to attack the Military Institute and get possession of the 20,000 stand of arms in the arsenal there. Then they were to walk into the city of Lexington killing all they could get hold of\". You had better believe that it made some stir.  he  militia was called out and they now parade the streets from night to morning It is curious how quick the people of this country can be roused to a state of watchfulness for their all depends upon this. The blacks must have no chance to make a beginning and they know this. I think the letter was a hoax written by some one to see what they could do, but if it was written by a niggar, it was by some one who knew the state of things at the Institute well and if their plans had succeeded it would have been right hard to stop.","I has been right dull times this Christmas not more than three or four frolicks all the times I wish I could drop in there and see how you all look but I do not think you would any of you know me. I have altered a good deal in the last six months.","How does Uncle Sherman and Sam do this winter? Do you like to live there? How is Aunt Jennette heal and all of Uncle Truman's folks? How is Grandfather's folks? All well and how does he stand the times? I meant to write a letter to Father before this time but there is nothing going on here that will interest him when there is I shall write to him.  \n    \nTell Susan that I want her to write to me, and I will answer it, but if she don't write soon I will get mad and write a long one to her.","Ellen I suppose is still in New Preston and Oliver is peddling. How does Sam do this winter and is he going to school? Has Father got all of his thrashing done and h9ow is his health?","There is nothing new to write about here so what is the use of writing.","Give my love to all inquiring friends let me know all the news at home when you write. Farewell.\nGod's blessings attend you\nFrom your brother\nG. Gunn","Dear Molly,\nI have received your letter this very day and am determined for once to toe the mark. I have just seated myself and if I don't get to tired I intend to give you and Sue a piece of my mind even if it be a very small broken piece.","1stly I am still pedagoguing and I tell you it goes mightily against the grain such a day as today for it is one of the pleasantest days I ever knew. The thermometer at noon was nearly up to summer heat at noon and I had no fire in the schoolhouse. My school consists of about forty scholars most of them large boys some of them taller than I am. I have enjoyed myself first rate so far especially in bad weather but when it is fine I intend to do the best I can but I long to be out aboard of the old pump wagon scouring the country. It gives a person a chance to see the world and though it may make me wild now when I come to settle down, I shall put on as long a face as I deacon.","2ndly. Ol. (though I had ought to have put him first) is now in Randolph County which is about one hundred and fifty miles west or northwest from here. He has been gone now about three weeks and I do not much expect him back before the middle or last of March. It is a great region there for pumps. I intend to go there as soon as my school is out and shall probably be there off and on the greater part of the summer.","The people around here are getting up to murdering. Last August in Staunton a man was found dead in his bed with his head staved in with a hammer. In December they hung a man for it and he died protesting his innocence; day after tomorrow they are to hang another man as his accomplice who as yet declares himself innocent.","They were both convicted by another man who turned states evidence; and it is now the  general opinion that he did the deed himself.","Two weeks last Sunday was noted in Lexington for a tragedy worse than that. It seems that a young man by the name of Christian had engaged the company of a young lady to go to preaching. She was advised not to go with him by a cousin of hers, a cadet at the Virginia Military Institute. Christian (who was a law student) found out who it was and prepared himself with weapons and on Sunday night waited till he saw Blackburn the Cadet come into the church with a lady then he stepped up and touched him requesting to say a word to him. He took him out into the street and by his tale demanded of him to retract what he had said upon Blackburn's refusing so to do he let in on him and before any one could interfere had stabbed him in several places and cut his throat from ear to ear with a bowie knife and killed him so dead that he never kicked. Christian then went and delivered himself up to the authorities and it is now the general opinion that he will get clear as the prosecution was so great. You see how nice a sense of humor the southerners have. In law here if our man calls another a liar and he beats him almost to death for it the law does nothing with him for it is considered sufficient provocation.","I reckon you have heard enough about murders if not I could tell you of some half dozen more that have happened in this region during the last six week. I do not expect I will come home this summer. I wish you were here to take my school when it is out. Virge says \"do tell her to come down here and I will go back with her when she wants to go\". Hess is not at home but will be next Saturday (if I can get time to go after her).","If mother has that carnation rooted if she will send it over to John's he will attend to it and give it to Bob Dunlap before he come home.\n    \nI bought a cooking stove for Mr. Morrison in NY last August and last week it got here. If you want to come on here you can come with Bob. I know he will take good care of you.","Where is Father going to plant and how is his health?  Have you had much cold weather this winter? Give my best love to Father and Mother and Sam and tell Sam I want to hear from him before long.","I shall write to Jen as often as you write to me whilst I am teaching school but farther than that I can't answer for. Ol was down to Bransons during Christmas they were all well.","Give me love to Louis if you are still up there. My candle is out. Write soon and give me all your news.\nYour brother\nGiles Gunn","PS Virge says tell him I am wearing carpet as strong as a horse\n(Don't you believe that-Virge)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Giles Gunn papers, MS 0292, Virginia Military\n            Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVMI commencement\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of five letters (dated 1848 to 1854) written by Giles Gunn while he was a schoolteacher in Lexington, Virginia. The letters, addressed primarily to his sister Mary (living at the Gunn home in Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut), include discussions of interesting local events as well as references to family. Topics include:\n\nVMI commencement\nA detailed description of his school and his methods of instruction\nA description of the communion service at a local church, including references to black communicants\nReferences to the townspeople's reaction to a rumored slave insurrection\nA discussion of the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards commencement at the VMI and a speech by the governor of Virginia.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes communion at a local church.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a detailed description of teaching at the local school, including a discussion of the curriculum and his discipline methods.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter includes a description of the town's response to rumors of a slave insurrection.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Topics include the murder of VMI cadet Thomas Blackburn by Charles B. Christian, a local law student."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4b69e904f0eac0cc1658da5c7475032f\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. (Charles Burks)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gunn, Giles, 1825-1892","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Christian, Charles B. 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