{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cold+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1951\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cold+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1951\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9061","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cold War Collection, 1950/1969","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9061#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cold War Collection includes predominantly published materials and ephemera. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. 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The film's main character Bert the Turtle shows children how to hide under their desks and cover their heads to protect themselves from the effects of a bomb. You can view the film \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/mbrs01836081/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On August 29, 1949 the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb. The weapon was similar in design and explosive power to the United States' \"Fat Man\" plutonium bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan four years earlier. The Soviets did not make any public statement about this development, but American intelligence agencies discovered evidence that was consistent with an explosion. It was formally announced on September 23 by United States President Harry S. Truman and confirmed the next day by the Soviet government. 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The box is designed in red, blue, and white with the text \"An Official Federal Defense Film/ Duck and Cover/ Castle Films\" on the front.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Duck and Cover reel film and original box, created by Castle Films for the Federal Civil Defense Administration in 1951.","R 72, C 3, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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The weapon was similar in design and explosive power to the United States' \"Fat Man\" plutonium bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan four years earlier. The Soviets did not make any public statement about this development, but American intelligence agencies discovered evidence that was consistent with an explosion. It was formally announced on September 23 by United States President Harry S. Truman and confirmed the next day by the Soviet government. In only four years the U.S. monopoly on atomic weapons was over, and the country began an arms race with the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Cold War the U.S. government promoted the idea that nuclear war was survivable for those who took the proper precautions and had knowledge of how to protect themselves. The 1951 film \u003citalic\u003eDuck and Cover\u003c/italic\u003e was created by the Federal Civil Defense Administration to teach school children how to protect themselves from a nuclear blast. The film's main character Bert the Turtle shows children how to hide under their desks and cover their heads to protect themselves from the effects of a bomb. You can view the film \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/mbrs01836081/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On August 29, 1949 the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb. The weapon was similar in design and explosive power to the United States' \"Fat Man\" plutonium bomb detonated over Nagasaki, Japan four years earlier. The Soviets did not make any public statement about this development, but American intelligence agencies discovered evidence that was consistent with an explosion. It was formally announced on September 23 by United States President Harry S. Truman and confirmed the next day by the Soviet government. 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Norfolk Division--Faculty","Historians--United States","Poets, American--20th century","Cold War","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into six series: Series I: General Publications; Series II: In the Case of Bryan Vs. Hodges; Series III: Masontown History; Series IV: Poetry; Series V: Other Writings; and Series VI: NATO Symposia.","Dr. Robert Crawford McClelland was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania in 1901.  In 1914 he graduated from the Masontown public schools and went off to German Township High School where he graduated in 1918.  Afterwards he worked at the local coal mines for some time until he departed for college at the West Virginia University.  He graduated there in 1930 with a Bachelor of Arts degree.  McClelland taught at College of William and Mary in Williamsburg from 1930 to 1937. While teaching there he also earned his Master's degree. In 1937 he became a teaching fellow at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary. 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While teaching there he also earned his Master's degree. In 1937 he became a teaching fellow at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary. He taught Latin, Greek and history. In the summers from 1945 to 1950, he returned to WVU as a teaching fellow and earned his Ph.D. in history.  In 1948, Dr. McClelland became the Director of the Evening College at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary. 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Taft and people they know to inform them \"[they] want [their] Government to be FREED FROM 'UNITED NATIONS' RULE[.]\" Formerly the flyer read \"Arthur Vandenberg\" but this has been struck through and replaced with Taft's name."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_16a53572ea190989583b5e5cbd3a14ad\"\u003eFlyer titled \"The 82nd Congress MUST Abolish the United Nations!\" arguing against the existence of the United Nations on the grounds of anti-Communism and anti-United States involvement in the Korean War, created by the American Flag Committee circa 1951.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Flyer titled \"The 82nd Congress MUST Abolish the United Nations!\" arguing against the existence of the United Nations on the grounds of anti-Communism and anti-United States involvement in the Korean War, created by the American Flag Committee circa 1951."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8455691ea7a3127b346b3a2133cf590c\"\u003eC 72, C 3, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["C 72, C 3, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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State Board of Recreation","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_685#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Six pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_685#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_685","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_685","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_685","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_685","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_685.xml","title_ssm":["United States Civil Defense pamphlets"],"title_tesim":["United States Civil Defense pamphlets"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1941-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1941-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United States Civil Defense pamphlets, 1941/1966"],"text":["United States Civil Defense pamphlets, 1941/1966","C0400","/repositories/2/resources/685","Civil defense","Civil defense readiness","World War, 1939-1945","Cold War","Nuclear bomb shelters","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single folder collection.","\"Ann Young Collection of Civil Defense Materials, 1951-1967.\" 2012. Special Collections | Concord Free Public Library. March 3, 2012. https://concordlibrary.org/special-collections/fin_aids/CD.","Chapin, Emily. 2017. \"Civil Defense During the Cold War.\" Museum of the City of New York. September 11, 2017. https://www.mcny.org/story/civil-defense-during-cold-war.","\"Civil Defense Through Eisenhower.\" 2020. National Park Service. October 20, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/coldwar_civildefense_thru-ike.htm.","The Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 for the purpose of preparing and protecting the general public in the event of an attack on the United States during World War II. As such, operation of the organization ended in June 1945, however, as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union increased, President Harry S. Truman reactivated the OCD as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) in 1950 with the signing of the United States Civil Defense Act. In 1958, the FCDA merged with the Office of Defense Mobilization to become the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization, later renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, and was then divided into two separate organizations in 1961, one of which became the Office of Civil Defense.","Initial plans and education materials, such as the 1951 \"Duck and Cover\" campaign, focused largely on encouraging the same precautions taken with the dangers from traditional weaponry. However, with the new information regarding the extreme dangers of radioactive fallout following a nuclear explosion observed following the 1954 test of the Castle Bravo hydrogen bomb, the focus shifted to nuclear fallout shelter construction and survival strategies, largely communicated through the production of posters, films, and pamphlets. Responsibility for the dissemination of these plans was largely held at the state and local level.","The 1958 \"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\" was published under the guidance of Vermont's Director of Recreation Theresa S. Brungardt. Appointed as Vermont's first state Director of Recreation in 1943, Burngardt would go on to be elected as the first female president of the American Recreation Society 1952 and have a Vermont Recreation and Parks Association award named in her honor in 1975. Burngardt, who passed away in 1990, was posthumously inducted into the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Hall of Fame in 1997.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Cold War and Civil Defense materials including the Francis J. 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One copy includes a \"Protection Evaluation Report\" for an Alexandria, Virginia residence on the back cover and the other includes the information for an Amherst, New Hampshire residence.","Remaining pamphlet titles and dates include:\n\"Survival Under Atomic Attack\", 1950\n\"Civilian Defense Handbook for Greater Red Lion\", circa 1941\n\"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\", circa 1958\n\"A Family Action Program: Home Protection Exercises\", Third Edition, March 1956","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Six pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vermont. State Board of Recreation","Red Lion (Pa.). Chamber of Commerce","United States. 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Special Collections Research Center","Vermont. State Board of Recreation","Red Lion (Pa.). Chamber of Commerce","United States. Office of Civil Defense"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Lynn Eaton from Holly Segar and Jeffrey Rovenpor of Carolinia Books in August 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil defense","Civil defense readiness","World War, 1939-1945","Cold War","Nuclear bomb shelters","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil defense","Civil defense readiness","World War, 1939-1945","Cold War","Nuclear bomb shelters","Cold War -- Social aspects -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".1 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single folder collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single folder collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Ann Young Collection of Civil Defense Materials, 1951-1967.\" 2012. Special Collections | Concord Free Public Library. March 3, 2012. https://concordlibrary.org/special-collections/fin_aids/CD.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChapin, Emily. 2017. \"Civil Defense During the Cold War.\" Museum of the City of New York. September 11, 2017. https://www.mcny.org/story/civil-defense-during-cold-war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Civil Defense Through Eisenhower.\" 2020. National Park Service. October 20, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/coldwar_civildefense_thru-ike.htm.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Ann Young Collection of Civil Defense Materials, 1951-1967.\" 2012. Special Collections | Concord Free Public Library. March 3, 2012. https://concordlibrary.org/special-collections/fin_aids/CD.","Chapin, Emily. 2017. \"Civil Defense During the Cold War.\" Museum of the City of New York. September 11, 2017. https://www.mcny.org/story/civil-defense-during-cold-war.","\"Civil Defense Through Eisenhower.\" 2020. National Park Service. October 20, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/coldwar_civildefense_thru-ike.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 for the purpose of preparing and protecting the general public in the event of an attack on the United States during World War II. As such, operation of the organization ended in June 1945, however, as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union increased, President Harry S. Truman reactivated the OCD as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) in 1950 with the signing of the United States Civil Defense Act. In 1958, the FCDA merged with the Office of Defense Mobilization to become the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization, later renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, and was then divided into two separate organizations in 1961, one of which became the Office of Civil Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial plans and education materials, such as the 1951 \"Duck and Cover\" campaign, focused largely on encouraging the same precautions taken with the dangers from traditional weaponry. However, with the new information regarding the extreme dangers of radioactive fallout following a nuclear explosion observed following the 1954 test of the Castle Bravo hydrogen bomb, the focus shifted to nuclear fallout shelter construction and survival strategies, largely communicated through the production of posters, films, and pamphlets. Responsibility for the dissemination of these plans was largely held at the state and local level.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1958 \"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\" was published under the guidance of Vermont's Director of Recreation Theresa S. Brungardt. Appointed as Vermont's first state Director of Recreation in 1943, Burngardt would go on to be elected as the first female president of the American Recreation Society 1952 and have a Vermont Recreation and Parks Association award named in her honor in 1975. Burngardt, who passed away in 1990, was posthumously inducted into the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Hall of Fame in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 for the purpose of preparing and protecting the general public in the event of an attack on the United States during World War II. As such, operation of the organization ended in June 1945, however, as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union increased, President Harry S. Truman reactivated the OCD as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) in 1950 with the signing of the United States Civil Defense Act. In 1958, the FCDA merged with the Office of Defense Mobilization to become the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization, later renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, and was then divided into two separate organizations in 1961, one of which became the Office of Civil Defense.","Initial plans and education materials, such as the 1951 \"Duck and Cover\" campaign, focused largely on encouraging the same precautions taken with the dangers from traditional weaponry. 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Burngardt, who passed away in 1990, was posthumously inducted into the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Hall of Fame in 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited States Civil Defense pamphlets, C0400, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["United States Civil Defense pamphlets, C0400, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Cold War and Civil Defense materials including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003eFrancis J. McNamara papers\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0505\"\u003eDuck and Cover reel by Castle Films\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections holds the \u003ca href=\"https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM08584.html\"\u003eNuclear fallout shelter and safety collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Cold War and Civil Defense materials including the Francis J. McNamara papers, and Duck and Cover reel by Castle Films.","Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections holds the Nuclear fallout shelter and safety collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSix pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War. Three of the titles were reprinted or created by local or state organizations in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Red Lion, Pennsylvania based on U.S. Government publications. There are two copies of \"Fallout Protection For…Homes with Basements\" printed in July 1966. One copy includes a \"Protection Evaluation Report\" for an Alexandria, Virginia residence on the back cover and the other includes the information for an Amherst, New Hampshire residence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining pamphlet titles and dates include:\n\"Survival Under Atomic Attack\", 1950\n\"Civilian Defense Handbook for Greater Red Lion\", circa 1941\n\"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\", circa 1958\n\"A Family Action Program: Home Protection Exercises\", Third Edition, March 1956\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Six pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War. Three of the titles were reprinted or created by local or state organizations in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Red Lion, Pennsylvania based on U.S. Government publications. There are two copies of \"Fallout Protection For…Homes with Basements\" printed in July 1966. One copy includes a \"Protection Evaluation Report\" for an Alexandria, Virginia residence on the back cover and the other includes the information for an Amherst, New Hampshire residence.","Remaining pamphlet titles and dates include:\n\"Survival Under Atomic Attack\", 1950\n\"Civilian Defense Handbook for Greater Red Lion\", circa 1941\n\"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\", circa 1958\n\"A Family Action Program: Home Protection Exercises\", Third Edition, March 1956"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8624f99f015374f5883208ebd2c8fb57\"\u003eSix pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Six pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_922758d3cd1d3886f88bdf8fbce4bbc3\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vermont. State Board of Recreation","Red Lion (Pa.). Chamber of Commerce","United States. Office of Civil Defense"],"names_coll_ssim":["Red Lion (Pa.). Chamber of Commerce","United States. Office of Civil Defense","Vermont. State Board of Recreation"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Vermont. State Board of Recreation","Red Lion (Pa.). Chamber of Commerce","United States. 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Special Collections | Concord Free Public Library. March 3, 2012. https://concordlibrary.org/special-collections/fin_aids/CD.","Chapin, Emily. 2017. \"Civil Defense During the Cold War.\" Museum of the City of New York. September 11, 2017. https://www.mcny.org/story/civil-defense-during-cold-war.","\"Civil Defense Through Eisenhower.\" 2020. National Park Service. October 20, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/coldwar_civildefense_thru-ike.htm.","The Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 for the purpose of preparing and protecting the general public in the event of an attack on the United States during World War II. As such, operation of the organization ended in June 1945, however, as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union increased, President Harry S. Truman reactivated the OCD as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) in 1950 with the signing of the United States Civil Defense Act. In 1958, the FCDA merged with the Office of Defense Mobilization to become the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization, later renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, and was then divided into two separate organizations in 1961, one of which became the Office of Civil Defense.","Initial plans and education materials, such as the 1951 \"Duck and Cover\" campaign, focused largely on encouraging the same precautions taken with the dangers from traditional weaponry. However, with the new information regarding the extreme dangers of radioactive fallout following a nuclear explosion observed following the 1954 test of the Castle Bravo hydrogen bomb, the focus shifted to nuclear fallout shelter construction and survival strategies, largely communicated through the production of posters, films, and pamphlets. Responsibility for the dissemination of these plans was largely held at the state and local level.","The 1958 \"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\" was published under the guidance of Vermont's Director of Recreation Theresa S. Brungardt. Appointed as Vermont's first state Director of Recreation in 1943, Burngardt would go on to be elected as the first female president of the American Recreation Society 1952 and have a Vermont Recreation and Parks Association award named in her honor in 1975. Burngardt, who passed away in 1990, was posthumously inducted into the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Hall of Fame in 1997.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other Cold War and Civil Defense materials including the Francis J. 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September 11, 2017. https://www.mcny.org/story/civil-defense-during-cold-war.","\"Civil Defense Through Eisenhower.\" 2020. National Park Service. October 20, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/coldwar_civildefense_thru-ike.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) was established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 for the purpose of preparing and protecting the general public in the event of an attack on the United States during World War II. As such, operation of the organization ended in June 1945, however, as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union increased, President Harry S. Truman reactivated the OCD as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) in 1950 with the signing of the United States Civil Defense Act. 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As such, operation of the organization ended in June 1945, however, as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union increased, President Harry S. Truman reactivated the OCD as the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) in 1950 with the signing of the United States Civil Defense Act. In 1958, the FCDA merged with the Office of Defense Mobilization to become the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization, later renamed the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, and was then divided into two separate organizations in 1961, one of which became the Office of Civil Defense.","Initial plans and education materials, such as the 1951 \"Duck and Cover\" campaign, focused largely on encouraging the same precautions taken with the dangers from traditional weaponry. However, with the new information regarding the extreme dangers of radioactive fallout following a nuclear explosion observed following the 1954 test of the Castle Bravo hydrogen bomb, the focus shifted to nuclear fallout shelter construction and survival strategies, largely communicated through the production of posters, films, and pamphlets. Responsibility for the dissemination of these plans was largely held at the state and local level.","The 1958 \"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\" was published under the guidance of Vermont's Director of Recreation Theresa S. Brungardt. Appointed as Vermont's first state Director of Recreation in 1943, Burngardt would go on to be elected as the first female president of the American Recreation Society 1952 and have a Vermont Recreation and Parks Association award named in her honor in 1975. Burngardt, who passed away in 1990, was posthumously inducted into the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Hall of Fame in 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited States Civil Defense pamphlets, C0400, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["United States Civil Defense pamphlets, C0400, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other Cold War and Civil Defense materials including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0024\"\u003eFrancis J. McNamara papers\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0505\"\u003eDuck and Cover reel by Castle Films\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections holds the \u003ca href=\"https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM08584.html\"\u003eNuclear fallout shelter and safety collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Cold War and Civil Defense materials including the Francis J. McNamara papers, and Duck and Cover reel by Castle Films.","Cornell University Library's Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections holds the Nuclear fallout shelter and safety collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSix pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War. Three of the titles were reprinted or created by local or state organizations in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Red Lion, Pennsylvania based on U.S. Government publications. There are two copies of \"Fallout Protection For…Homes with Basements\" printed in July 1966. One copy includes a \"Protection Evaluation Report\" for an Alexandria, Virginia residence on the back cover and the other includes the information for an Amherst, New Hampshire residence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemaining pamphlet titles and dates include:\n\"Survival Under Atomic Attack\", 1950\n\"Civilian Defense Handbook for Greater Red Lion\", circa 1941\n\"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\", circa 1958\n\"A Family Action Program: Home Protection Exercises\", Third Edition, March 1956\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Six pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War. Three of the titles were reprinted or created by local or state organizations in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Red Lion, Pennsylvania based on U.S. Government publications. There are two copies of \"Fallout Protection For…Homes with Basements\" printed in July 1966. One copy includes a \"Protection Evaluation Report\" for an Alexandria, Virginia residence on the back cover and the other includes the information for an Amherst, New Hampshire residence.","Remaining pamphlet titles and dates include:\n\"Survival Under Atomic Attack\", 1950\n\"Civilian Defense Handbook for Greater Red Lion\", circa 1941\n\"Civil Defense Recreation Bulletin\", circa 1958\n\"A Family Action Program: Home Protection Exercises\", Third Edition, March 1956"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8624f99f015374f5883208ebd2c8fb57\"\u003eSix pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Six pamphlets, including one duplicate, produced by United States Civil Defense organizations during World War II and the Cold War."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_922758d3cd1d3886f88bdf8fbce4bbc3\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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