{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1964\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1964\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_616.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132886","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984"],"text":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984","MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616","Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. While there have been occasional financial difficulties, the Virginia affiliate has maintained a staffed office in Richmond since 1968. The executive directorship has been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","Over the years, the ACLU of Virginia has supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It has funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It has opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate has fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization has been an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It has pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project, a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","The papers of the ACLU of Virginia began coming to the University of Virginia in 1971. Since that time, nine installments of papers have been transferred. In 1985, the collection was moved from the Manuscripts Department at Alderman Library to the Law Library. For the protection of ACLU clients' privacy, the entire collection has been closed to research since the mid-seventies. In 1988 every folder was reviewed, and those containing confidential information were removed to restricted storage for at least 25 years. The remaining files (80 boxes, 35 linear feet) are open to research with the permission of the ACLU's Access Committee (see p. 6); the folders are grouped and arranged as they were when first received at the University. The initial gift was accessioned #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc. These voluminous files dating from 1967-1979 were kept by a number of different executive directors and secretaries and later processed by several different archivists. Consequently, folder headings varied over time, as has the archival arrangement.","This collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.","Access terms\nUpon approval of the ACLU's Access Committee, the files listed in this inventory are available to scholars. Those wishing to do research in these files should submit to the archivist a written request for access, addressed to the ACLU Access Committee, along with a description of the research project and anticipated use of the research findings. Members of the Access Committee will review requests and either grant or deny access.","All the ACLU files containing confidential information are closed to research until at least 2013. The confidential prison project files are open only to specific types of research with permission of the Access Committee.","These files are divided into four major categories: administrative, topical, case, and project.","Administrative files contain documents regarding the business and membership of the national and state organization, as well as some local chapters.","Topical files contain information about issues such as abortion, students' rights, reapportionment, and mental health. These were often interfiled with administrative papers.","The unrestricted case files contain either information -- correspondence, records, and briefs -- about cases the Virginia ACLU was handling, or what the office called \"research case material,\" i.e., usually records and briefs of ACLU cases in other areas of the country.","Finally, the project files (similar to the topical files but more extensive) consist of organization, research, and publicity material regarding issues of long-term concern to the Virginia ACLU. Major projects for the period 1967-1979 focus on the rights of women, prisoners in Virginia's penitentiaries, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. A significant percentage of the prison project files are restricted, except for very limited types of research. For more information ask for the access information sheet for the restricted prison files.","The following table indicates the types of files in each accession, and the number of boxes in each which are open to research.","Acc. Number No. of boxes Year recieved Types of files and years covered","9690 10 1971 Administrative, primarily re national organization, 1967-69","9690-a 12 1973 Administrative, topical, and small number of case files, 1968-71","9690-b 4 1973 Administrative and topical files, 1969-73","9690-c 17 1975 Case, topical, prison and women's rights project, and administrative files, 1968-74","9690-d 2 1976 Topical and a few case files, 1969-73","9690-e 4 1976 Administrative, topical and prison project files, 1969-73","9690-f 2 1977 Administrative and case files, 1954-74","9690-g 17 1979 Administrative and topical files, 1965-77","9690-h 12 1981 Administrative, case and migrant workers' project files, 1974-79","Use of finding aid\nThis finding aid is comprised of a container list, an index of selected subjects, and an index of cases. The container list provides box number, dates, and content description for every folder in each accession of files, in the order in which they were originally processed. The subject index is based upon the topical folder headings; since only about half of the case folder headings have descriptors, the cases were not included in the subject index. The subject and case indexes will provide the easiest and quickest access to the issues found in these papers. The administrative files are not indexed, however, and in addition to containing detailed information about the administration of the ACLU at the local, state, and national levels, some of these files are also concerned with issues and cases. Consequently, a careful reading of the container list is recommended for a thorough sense of the scope of the collection.","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(5 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(3 folders)","(7 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(9 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","This addition to the Papers of the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia came to the University of Virginia Law Library in 1986. It was sorted and processed following the guidelines established for the first accession (Mss 85-2) of the collection.","These papers fall into three divisions, administrative/topical, case, and project files, and are arranged alphabetically within each. They cover the years 1970-1985, although the predominant dates are the late 70s. In addition to general organization correspondence, the administrative files cover topics such as abortion, Legal Services Corporation, and voting rights, among many others. Among the numerous case files are those for Crockett v. Sorenson challenging the constitutionality of religious education classes in public schools; Miles v. City of Portsmouth concerning housing discrimination; and the Taxi Zum Klo cases involving obscenity. The projects documented in these papers concerned health care, nutrition, migrant workers, and prisons.","A relatively small percentage of these files are closed to research in order to protect lawyer/client confidentiality.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. 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In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. While there have been occasional financial difficulties, the Virginia affiliate has maintained a staffed office in Richmond since 1968. The executive directorship has been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the years, the ACLU of Virginia has supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It has funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It has opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate has fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization has been an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It has pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project, a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of the ACLU of Virginia began coming to the University of Virginia in 1971. Since that time, nine installments of papers have been transferred. In 1985, the collection was moved from the Manuscripts Department at Alderman Library to the Law Library. For the protection of ACLU clients' privacy, the entire collection has been closed to research since the mid-seventies. In 1988 every folder was reviewed, and those containing confidential information were removed to restricted storage for at least 25 years. The remaining files (80 boxes, 35 linear feet) are open to research with the permission of the ACLU's Access Committee (see p. 6); the folders are grouped and arranged as they were when first received at the University. The initial gift was accessioned #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc. These voluminous files dating from 1967-1979 were kept by a number of different executive directors and secretaries and later processed by several different archivists. Consequently, folder headings varied over time, as has the archival arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. While there have been occasional financial difficulties, the Virginia affiliate has maintained a staffed office in Richmond since 1968. The executive directorship has been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","Over the years, the ACLU of Virginia has supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It has funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It has opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate has fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization has been an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It has pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project, a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","The papers of the ACLU of Virginia began coming to the University of Virginia in 1971. Since that time, nine installments of papers have been transferred. In 1985, the collection was moved from the Manuscripts Department at Alderman Library to the Law Library. For the protection of ACLU clients' privacy, the entire collection has been closed to research since the mid-seventies. In 1988 every folder was reviewed, and those containing confidential information were removed to restricted storage for at least 25 years. The remaining files (80 boxes, 35 linear feet) are open to research with the permission of the ACLU's Access Committee (see p. 6); the folders are grouped and arranged as they were when first received at the University. The initial gift was accessioned #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc. These voluminous files dating from 1967-1979 were kept by a number of different executive directors and secretaries and later processed by several different archivists. Consequently, folder headings varied over time, as has the archival arrangement."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess terms\nUpon approval of the ACLU's Access Committee, the files listed in this inventory are available to scholars. Those wishing to do research in these files should submit to the archivist a written request for access, addressed to the ACLU Access Committee, along with a description of the research project and anticipated use of the research findings. Members of the Access Committee will review requests and either grant or deny access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll the ACLU files containing confidential information are closed to research until at least 2013. The confidential prison project files are open only to specific types of research with permission of the Access Committee. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files are divided into four major categories: administrative, topical, case, and project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative files contain documents regarding the business and membership of the national and state organization, as well as some local chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopical files contain information about issues such as abortion, students' rights, reapportionment, and mental health. These were often interfiled with administrative papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe unrestricted case files contain either information -- correspondence, records, and briefs -- about cases the Virginia ACLU was handling, or what the office called \"research case material,\" i.e., usually records and briefs of ACLU cases in other areas of the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, the project files (similar to the topical files but more extensive) consist of organization, research, and publicity material regarding issues of long-term concern to the Virginia ACLU. Major projects for the period 1967-1979 focus on the rights of women, prisoners in Virginia's penitentiaries, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. A significant percentage of the prison project files are restricted, except for very limited types of research. For more information ask for the access information sheet for the restricted prison files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following table indicates the types of files in each accession, and the number of boxes in each which are open to research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. Number No. of boxes Year recieved Types of files and years covered\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690 10 1971 Administrative, primarily re national organization, 1967-69\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-a 12 1973 Administrative, topical, and small number of case files, 1968-71\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-b 4 1973 Administrative and topical files, 1969-73\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-c 17 1975 Case, topical, prison and women's rights project, and administrative files, 1968-74\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-d 2 1976 Topical and a few case files, 1969-73\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-e 4 1976 Administrative, topical and prison project files, 1969-73\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-f 2 1977 Administrative and case files, 1954-74\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-g 17 1979 Administrative and topical files, 1965-77\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-h 12 1981 Administrative, case and migrant workers' project files, 1974-79\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUse of finding aid\nThis finding aid is comprised of a container list, an index of selected subjects, and an index of cases. The container list provides box number, dates, and content description for every folder in each accession of files, in the order in which they were originally processed. The subject index is based upon the topical folder headings; since only about half of the case folder headings have descriptors, the cases were not included in the subject index. The subject and case indexes will provide the easiest and quickest access to the issues found in these papers. The administrative files are not indexed, however, and in addition to containing detailed information about the administration of the ACLU at the local, state, and national levels, some of these files are also concerned with issues and cases. 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It was sorted and processed following the guidelines established for the first accession (Mss 85-2) of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese papers fall into three divisions, administrative/topical, case, and project files, and are arranged alphabetically within each. They cover the years 1970-1985, although the predominant dates are the late 70s. In addition to general organization correspondence, the administrative files cover topics such as abortion, Legal Services Corporation, and voting rights, among many others. Among the numerous case files are those for Crockett v. Sorenson challenging the constitutionality of religious education classes in public schools; Miles v. City of Portsmouth concerning housing discrimination; and the Taxi Zum Klo cases involving obscenity. The projects documented in these papers concerned health care, nutrition, migrant workers, and prisons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nA relatively small percentage of these files are closed to research in order to protect lawyer/client confidentiality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.","Access terms\nUpon approval of the ACLU's Access Committee, the files listed in this inventory are available to scholars. Those wishing to do research in these files should submit to the archivist a written request for access, addressed to the ACLU Access Committee, along with a description of the research project and anticipated use of the research findings. Members of the Access Committee will review requests and either grant or deny access.","All the ACLU files containing confidential information are closed to research until at least 2013. The confidential prison project files are open only to specific types of research with permission of the Access Committee.","These files are divided into four major categories: administrative, topical, case, and project.","Administrative files contain documents regarding the business and membership of the national and state organization, as well as some local chapters.","Topical files contain information about issues such as abortion, students' rights, reapportionment, and mental health. These were often interfiled with administrative papers.","The unrestricted case files contain either information -- correspondence, records, and briefs -- about cases the Virginia ACLU was handling, or what the office called \"research case material,\" i.e., usually records and briefs of ACLU cases in other areas of the country.","Finally, the project files (similar to the topical files but more extensive) consist of organization, research, and publicity material regarding issues of long-term concern to the Virginia ACLU. Major projects for the period 1967-1979 focus on the rights of women, prisoners in Virginia's penitentiaries, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. A significant percentage of the prison project files are restricted, except for very limited types of research. For more information ask for the access information sheet for the restricted prison files.","The following table indicates the types of files in each accession, and the number of boxes in each which are open to research.","Acc. Number No. of boxes Year recieved Types of files and years covered","9690 10 1971 Administrative, primarily re national organization, 1967-69","9690-a 12 1973 Administrative, topical, and small number of case files, 1968-71","9690-b 4 1973 Administrative and topical files, 1969-73","9690-c 17 1975 Case, topical, prison and women's rights project, and administrative files, 1968-74","9690-d 2 1976 Topical and a few case files, 1969-73","9690-e 4 1976 Administrative, topical and prison project files, 1969-73","9690-f 2 1977 Administrative and case files, 1954-74","9690-g 17 1979 Administrative and topical files, 1965-77","9690-h 12 1981 Administrative, case and migrant workers' project files, 1974-79","Use of finding aid\nThis finding aid is comprised of a container list, an index of selected subjects, and an index of cases. The container list provides box number, dates, and content description for every folder in each accession of files, in the order in which they were originally processed. The subject index is based upon the topical folder headings; since only about half of the case folder headings have descriptors, the cases were not included in the subject index. The subject and case indexes will provide the easiest and quickest access to the issues found in these papers. The administrative files are not indexed, however, and in addition to containing detailed information about the administration of the ACLU at the local, state, and national levels, some of these files are also concerned with issues and cases. Consequently, a careful reading of the container list is recommended for a thorough sense of the scope of the collection.","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(5 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(3 folders)","(7 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(9 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","This addition to the Papers of the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia came to the University of Virginia Law Library in 1986. It was sorted and processed following the guidelines established for the first accession (Mss 85-2) of the collection.","These papers fall into three divisions, administrative/topical, case, and project files, and are arranged alphabetically within each. They cover the years 1970-1985, although the predominant dates are the late 70s. In addition to general organization correspondence, the administrative files cover topics such as abortion, Legal Services Corporation, and voting rights, among many others. Among the numerous case files are those for Crockett v. Sorenson challenging the constitutionality of religious education classes in public schools; Miles v. City of Portsmouth concerning housing discrimination; and the Taxi Zum Klo cases involving obscenity. The projects documented in these papers concerned health care, nutrition, migrant workers, and prisons.","A relatively small percentage of these files are closed to research in order to protect lawyer/client confidentiality."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1115,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:23.622Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_616","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_616.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132886","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984"],"text":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984","MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616","Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. While there have been occasional financial difficulties, the Virginia affiliate has maintained a staffed office in Richmond since 1968. The executive directorship has been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","Over the years, the ACLU of Virginia has supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It has funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It has opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate has fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization has been an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It has pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project, a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","The papers of the ACLU of Virginia began coming to the University of Virginia in 1971. Since that time, nine installments of papers have been transferred. In 1985, the collection was moved from the Manuscripts Department at Alderman Library to the Law Library. For the protection of ACLU clients' privacy, the entire collection has been closed to research since the mid-seventies. In 1988 every folder was reviewed, and those containing confidential information were removed to restricted storage for at least 25 years. The remaining files (80 boxes, 35 linear feet) are open to research with the permission of the ACLU's Access Committee (see p. 6); the folders are grouped and arranged as they were when first received at the University. The initial gift was accessioned #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc. These voluminous files dating from 1967-1979 were kept by a number of different executive directors and secretaries and later processed by several different archivists. Consequently, folder headings varied over time, as has the archival arrangement.","This collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.","Access terms\nUpon approval of the ACLU's Access Committee, the files listed in this inventory are available to scholars. Those wishing to do research in these files should submit to the archivist a written request for access, addressed to the ACLU Access Committee, along with a description of the research project and anticipated use of the research findings. Members of the Access Committee will review requests and either grant or deny access.","All the ACLU files containing confidential information are closed to research until at least 2013. The confidential prison project files are open only to specific types of research with permission of the Access Committee.","These files are divided into four major categories: administrative, topical, case, and project.","Administrative files contain documents regarding the business and membership of the national and state organization, as well as some local chapters.","Topical files contain information about issues such as abortion, students' rights, reapportionment, and mental health. These were often interfiled with administrative papers.","The unrestricted case files contain either information -- correspondence, records, and briefs -- about cases the Virginia ACLU was handling, or what the office called \"research case material,\" i.e., usually records and briefs of ACLU cases in other areas of the country.","Finally, the project files (similar to the topical files but more extensive) consist of organization, research, and publicity material regarding issues of long-term concern to the Virginia ACLU. Major projects for the period 1967-1979 focus on the rights of women, prisoners in Virginia's penitentiaries, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. A significant percentage of the prison project files are restricted, except for very limited types of research. For more information ask for the access information sheet for the restricted prison files.","The following table indicates the types of files in each accession, and the number of boxes in each which are open to research.","Acc. Number No. of boxes Year recieved Types of files and years covered","9690 10 1971 Administrative, primarily re national organization, 1967-69","9690-a 12 1973 Administrative, topical, and small number of case files, 1968-71","9690-b 4 1973 Administrative and topical files, 1969-73","9690-c 17 1975 Case, topical, prison and women's rights project, and administrative files, 1968-74","9690-d 2 1976 Topical and a few case files, 1969-73","9690-e 4 1976 Administrative, topical and prison project files, 1969-73","9690-f 2 1977 Administrative and case files, 1954-74","9690-g 17 1979 Administrative and topical files, 1965-77","9690-h 12 1981 Administrative, case and migrant workers' project files, 1974-79","Use of finding aid\nThis finding aid is comprised of a container list, an index of selected subjects, and an index of cases. The container list provides box number, dates, and content description for every folder in each accession of files, in the order in which they were originally processed. The subject index is based upon the topical folder headings; since only about half of the case folder headings have descriptors, the cases were not included in the subject index. The subject and case indexes will provide the easiest and quickest access to the issues found in these papers. The administrative files are not indexed, however, and in addition to containing detailed information about the administration of the ACLU at the local, state, and national levels, some of these files are also concerned with issues and cases. Consequently, a careful reading of the container list is recommended for a thorough sense of the scope of the collection.","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(5 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(3 folders)","(7 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(9 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","This addition to the Papers of the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia came to the University of Virginia Law Library in 1986. It was sorted and processed following the guidelines established for the first accession (Mss 85-2) of the collection.","These papers fall into three divisions, administrative/topical, case, and project files, and are arranged alphabetically within each. They cover the years 1970-1985, although the predominant dates are the late 70s. In addition to general organization correspondence, the administrative files cover topics such as abortion, Legal Services Corporation, and voting rights, among many others. Among the numerous case files are those for Crockett v. Sorenson challenging the constitutionality of religious education classes in public schools; Miles v. City of Portsmouth concerning housing discrimination; and the Taxi Zum Klo cases involving obscenity. The projects documented in these papers concerned health care, nutrition, migrant workers, and prisons.","A relatively small percentage of these files are closed to research in order to protect lawyer/client confidentiality.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia papers, 1954/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.85.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was transferred from Alderman Library to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library with the permission of the ACLU executive director, Chan Kendrick, in 1985."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academic freedom -- United States","Apportionment (Election law) -- Virginia","Capital punishment -- Virginia","Children -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Civil rights -- United States","Draft -- United States","Equal rights amendments -- United States","Legal assistance to military personnel -- Virginia","Migrant agricultural laborers -- Virginia","People with mental disabilities -- Institutional care -- Virginia","Prisoners -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Religion in the public schools -- Law and legislation -- Virginia","Sex discrimination against women -- Law and legislation -- United States","Students -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Virginia","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Draft resisters -- United States","Women's rights -- United States","Race discrimination -- Law and legislation -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["120 Cubic Feet 254 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. While there have been occasional financial difficulties, the Virginia affiliate has maintained a staffed office in Richmond since 1968. The executive directorship has been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver the years, the ACLU of Virginia has supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It has funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It has opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate has fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization has been an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It has pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project, a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of the ACLU of Virginia began coming to the University of Virginia in 1971. Since that time, nine installments of papers have been transferred. In 1985, the collection was moved from the Manuscripts Department at Alderman Library to the Law Library. For the protection of ACLU clients' privacy, the entire collection has been closed to research since the mid-seventies. In 1988 every folder was reviewed, and those containing confidential information were removed to restricted storage for at least 25 years. The remaining files (80 boxes, 35 linear feet) are open to research with the permission of the ACLU's Access Committee (see p. 6); the folders are grouped and arranged as they were when first received at the University. The initial gift was accessioned #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc. These voluminous files dating from 1967-1979 were kept by a number of different executive directors and secretaries and later processed by several different archivists. Consequently, folder headings varied over time, as has the archival arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The ACLU of Virginia was begun in 1967, and by early 1968 had 1700 members. In that year, the National Development Council of the ACLU approved a grant proposal from the Virginia affiliate for funds to hire permanent staff. While there have been occasional financial difficulties, the Virginia affiliate has maintained a staffed office in Richmond since 1968. The executive directorship has been held consecutively by Lauren Selden, Shalom Dubow, Betsy Brinson, and Chan Kendrick.","Over the years, the ACLU of Virginia has supported the rights of children, the intellectually disabled, students, women, homosexuals, and racial minorities. It has funded projects to effect improvements in the treatment and living conditions of patients in the state's mental institutions, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore. It has opposed religion in public schools, illegal police searches, and the imposition of dress or hair length codes in schools or the work place. In the General Assembly, the Virginia affiliate has fought for the Equal Rights Amendment, the right to abortion, reapportionment, and certain court reforms and changes in the juvenile code. The organization has been an active advocate for academic freedom and for the protection of individuals' privacy. It has pushed for reform of drug laws and called for the end of capital punishment. The most extensive and visible project for Virginia's ACLU in the 1970's and early 1980's was the prison project, a movement to insure adequate legal protection of inmates, as well as to improve their living conditions and treatment.","The papers of the ACLU of Virginia began coming to the University of Virginia in 1971. Since that time, nine installments of papers have been transferred. In 1985, the collection was moved from the Manuscripts Department at Alderman Library to the Law Library. For the protection of ACLU clients' privacy, the entire collection has been closed to research since the mid-seventies. In 1988 every folder was reviewed, and those containing confidential information were removed to restricted storage for at least 25 years. The remaining files (80 boxes, 35 linear feet) are open to research with the permission of the ACLU's Access Committee (see p. 6); the folders are grouped and arranged as they were when first received at the University. The initial gift was accessioned #9690, and succeeding ones were numbered #9690-a, -b, etc. These voluminous files dating from 1967-1979 were kept by a number of different executive directors and secretaries and later processed by several different archivists. Consequently, folder headings varied over time, as has the archival arrangement."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess terms\nUpon approval of the ACLU's Access Committee, the files listed in this inventory are available to scholars. Those wishing to do research in these files should submit to the archivist a written request for access, addressed to the ACLU Access Committee, along with a description of the research project and anticipated use of the research findings. Members of the Access Committee will review requests and either grant or deny access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll the ACLU files containing confidential information are closed to research until at least 2013. The confidential prison project files are open only to specific types of research with permission of the Access Committee. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files are divided into four major categories: administrative, topical, case, and project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative files contain documents regarding the business and membership of the national and state organization, as well as some local chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopical files contain information about issues such as abortion, students' rights, reapportionment, and mental health. These were often interfiled with administrative papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe unrestricted case files contain either information -- correspondence, records, and briefs -- about cases the Virginia ACLU was handling, or what the office called \"research case material,\" i.e., usually records and briefs of ACLU cases in other areas of the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, the project files (similar to the topical files but more extensive) consist of organization, research, and publicity material regarding issues of long-term concern to the Virginia ACLU. Major projects for the period 1967-1979 focus on the rights of women, prisoners in Virginia's penitentiaries, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. A significant percentage of the prison project files are restricted, except for very limited types of research. For more information ask for the access information sheet for the restricted prison files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following table indicates the types of files in each accession, and the number of boxes in each which are open to research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. Number No. of boxes Year recieved Types of files and years covered\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690 10 1971 Administrative, primarily re national organization, 1967-69\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-a 12 1973 Administrative, topical, and small number of case files, 1968-71\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-b 4 1973 Administrative and topical files, 1969-73\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-c 17 1975 Case, topical, prison and women's rights project, and administrative files, 1968-74\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-d 2 1976 Topical and a few case files, 1969-73\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-e 4 1976 Administrative, topical and prison project files, 1969-73\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-f 2 1977 Administrative and case files, 1954-74\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-g 17 1979 Administrative and topical files, 1965-77\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9690-h 12 1981 Administrative, case and migrant workers' project files, 1974-79\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUse of finding aid\nThis finding aid is comprised of a container list, an index of selected subjects, and an index of cases. The container list provides box number, dates, and content description for every folder in each accession of files, in the order in which they were originally processed. The subject index is based upon the topical folder headings; since only about half of the case folder headings have descriptors, the cases were not included in the subject index. The subject and case indexes will provide the easiest and quickest access to the issues found in these papers. The administrative files are not indexed, however, and in addition to containing detailed information about the administration of the ACLU at the local, state, and national levels, some of these files are also concerned with issues and cases. Consequently, a careful reading of the container list is recommended for a thorough sense of the scope of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(4 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(4 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(4 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(4 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(4 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(5 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(7 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(9 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(2 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(3 folders)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Papers of the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia came to the University of Virginia Law Library in 1986. It was sorted and processed following the guidelines established for the first accession (Mss 85-2) of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese papers fall into three divisions, administrative/topical, case, and project files, and are arranged alphabetically within each. They cover the years 1970-1985, although the predominant dates are the late 70s. In addition to general organization correspondence, the administrative files cover topics such as abortion, Legal Services Corporation, and voting rights, among many others. Among the numerous case files are those for Crockett v. Sorenson challenging the constitutionality of religious education classes in public schools; Miles v. City of Portsmouth concerning housing discrimination; and the Taxi Zum Klo cases involving obscenity. The projects documented in these papers concerned health care, nutrition, migrant workers, and prisons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nA relatively small percentage of these files are closed to research in order to protect lawyer/client confidentiality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains administrative and topical files that relate to such civil liberties issues as academic freedom, due process, and the rights of children, members of the military, and students; racial and sexual discrimination; the draft; religion in public schools; and state reapportionment. There is case material for the ACLU of Virginia; project files for long-term concerns such as the rights of women, the mentally handicapped; prisoners and migrant farmworkers.","Access terms\nUpon approval of the ACLU's Access Committee, the files listed in this inventory are available to scholars. Those wishing to do research in these files should submit to the archivist a written request for access, addressed to the ACLU Access Committee, along with a description of the research project and anticipated use of the research findings. Members of the Access Committee will review requests and either grant or deny access.","All the ACLU files containing confidential information are closed to research until at least 2013. The confidential prison project files are open only to specific types of research with permission of the Access Committee.","These files are divided into four major categories: administrative, topical, case, and project.","Administrative files contain documents regarding the business and membership of the national and state organization, as well as some local chapters.","Topical files contain information about issues such as abortion, students' rights, reapportionment, and mental health. These were often interfiled with administrative papers.","The unrestricted case files contain either information -- correspondence, records, and briefs -- about cases the Virginia ACLU was handling, or what the office called \"research case material,\" i.e., usually records and briefs of ACLU cases in other areas of the country.","Finally, the project files (similar to the topical files but more extensive) consist of organization, research, and publicity material regarding issues of long-term concern to the Virginia ACLU. Major projects for the period 1967-1979 focus on the rights of women, prisoners in Virginia's penitentiaries, and migrant farmworkers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. A significant percentage of the prison project files are restricted, except for very limited types of research. For more information ask for the access information sheet for the restricted prison files.","The following table indicates the types of files in each accession, and the number of boxes in each which are open to research.","Acc. Number No. of boxes Year recieved Types of files and years covered","9690 10 1971 Administrative, primarily re national organization, 1967-69","9690-a 12 1973 Administrative, topical, and small number of case files, 1968-71","9690-b 4 1973 Administrative and topical files, 1969-73","9690-c 17 1975 Case, topical, prison and women's rights project, and administrative files, 1968-74","9690-d 2 1976 Topical and a few case files, 1969-73","9690-e 4 1976 Administrative, topical and prison project files, 1969-73","9690-f 2 1977 Administrative and case files, 1954-74","9690-g 17 1979 Administrative and topical files, 1965-77","9690-h 12 1981 Administrative, case and migrant workers' project files, 1974-79","Use of finding aid\nThis finding aid is comprised of a container list, an index of selected subjects, and an index of cases. The container list provides box number, dates, and content description for every folder in each accession of files, in the order in which they were originally processed. The subject index is based upon the topical folder headings; since only about half of the case folder headings have descriptors, the cases were not included in the subject index. The subject and case indexes will provide the easiest and quickest access to the issues found in these papers. The administrative files are not indexed, however, and in addition to containing detailed information about the administration of the ACLU at the local, state, and national levels, some of these files are also concerned with issues and cases. Consequently, a careful reading of the container list is recommended for a thorough sense of the scope of the collection.","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(4 folders)","(4 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(5 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","(3 folders)","(7 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(9 folders)","(3 folders)","(2 folders)","(3 folders)","This addition to the Papers of the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia came to the University of Virginia Law Library in 1986. It was sorted and processed following the guidelines established for the first accession (Mss 85-2) of the collection.","These papers fall into three divisions, administrative/topical, case, and project files, and are arranged alphabetically within each. They cover the years 1970-1985, although the predominant dates are the late 70s. In addition to general organization correspondence, the administrative files cover topics such as abortion, Legal Services Corporation, and voting rights, among many others. Among the numerous case files are those for Crockett v. Sorenson challenging the constitutionality of religious education classes in public schools; Miles v. City of Portsmouth concerning housing discrimination; and the Taxi Zum Klo cases involving obscenity. The projects documented in these papers concerned health care, nutrition, migrant workers, and prisons.","A relatively small percentage of these files are closed to research in order to protect lawyer/client confidentiality."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1115,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:23.622Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_616"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1591#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1591#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1591.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192326","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Howard W. Papers","title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"text":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966","MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591","Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)","This collection is open for research.","Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings","Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.","This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), small general plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), front elevation]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), section (section applies also to Scheme B)]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Plan]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Front Elevation]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan showing areas covered by various estimates]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) elevation at 45º angle to main axis]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin), South elevation","[Scheme F (Circular Open Colonnade) Elevation]","drawn at a scale of 20 feet equal 1 inch for comparison with elevations of proposed Thomas Jefferson Memorial drawn at the same scale","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) side elevation","Plan [Scheme F (circular open colonnade) plan]","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) general plan]","Plan Scheme E showing memorial site with slight change in contour of present Tidal Basin development of south axis of the mall for the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope, Architect, July 21, 1937","https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"collection_ssim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were given to the University of Virginia Library on October 18, 1967 by Judge Smith."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["187 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["187 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings \u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHoward Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nhttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the files and working papers of \u003cpersname\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/persname\u003e who represented \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years \u003cdate\u003e1933\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1966\u003c/date\u003e when Smith retired from Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In \u003cdate\u003e1955\u003c/date\u003e, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), small general plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), front elevation]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), section (section applies also to Scheme B)]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) General Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Front Elevation]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) General Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan showing areas covered by various estimates]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) elevation at 45º angle to main axis]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin), South elevation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme F (Circular Open Colonnade) Elevation]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003edrawn at a scale of 20 feet equal 1 inch for comparison with elevations of proposed Thomas Jefferson Memorial drawn at the same scale\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) side elevation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan [Scheme F (circular open colonnade) plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) general plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan Scheme E showing memorial site with slight change in contour of present Tidal Basin development of south axis of the mall for the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope, Architect, July 21, 1937\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), small general plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), front elevation]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), section (section applies also to Scheme B)]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Plan]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Front Elevation]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan showing areas covered by various estimates]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) elevation at 45º angle to main axis]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin), South elevation","[Scheme F (Circular Open Colonnade) Elevation]","drawn at a scale of 20 feet equal 1 inch for comparison with elevations of proposed Thomas Jefferson Memorial drawn at the same scale","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) side elevation","Plan [Scheme F (circular open colonnade) plan]","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) general plan]","Plan Scheme E showing memorial site with slight change in contour of present Tidal Basin development of south axis of the mall for the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope, Architect, July 21, 1937"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":44,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1591","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1591.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/192326","title_filing_ssi":"Smith, Howard W. Papers","title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"text":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966","MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591","Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)","This collection is open for research.","Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings","Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.","This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), small general plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), front elevation]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), section (section applies also to Scheme B)]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Plan]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Front Elevation]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan showing areas covered by various estimates]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) elevation at 45º angle to main axis]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin), South elevation","[Scheme F (Circular Open Colonnade) Elevation]","drawn at a scale of 20 feet equal 1 inch for comparison with elevations of proposed Thomas Jefferson Memorial drawn at the same scale","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) side elevation","Plan [Scheme F (circular open colonnade) plan]","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) general plan]","Plan Scheme E showing memorial site with slight change in contour of present Tidal Basin development of south axis of the mall for the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope, Architect, July 21, 1937","https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"collection_ssim":["Howard W. Smith Papers, 1933/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 8731","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1591"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were given to the University of Virginia Library on October 18, 1967 by Judge Smith."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Democratic Party (Va.)","United States. Congress. House.","United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Labor laws and legislation United States","Virginia -- Politics and government","Civil rights -- United States","Conservatism -- United States","architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["187 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["187 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["architectural drawings (visual works)","letters (correspondence)","reports","government records","federal government records","state government records","Resolutions (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings \u003c/p\u003e "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Bills Introduced in Congress by Judge Smith Boxes 1-12 In general, this series comprises a chronological arrangement by Congress, and an alphabetical series of topics within each Congress. The folders usually contain a copy of the printed bill plus pertinent correspondence, notes, and other helpful material.","Series II: Miscellaneous Legislation Boxes 13-111 This series comprises a chronological series by Congress with an alphabetical arrangement of topics within each Congress. There is generally one folder for each topic, but occasionally there are more. The folders contain correspondence, notes, printed materials, copies of the printed bill, and anything Judge Smith or his staff found pertinent. When material identified as belonging to an earlier Congress appears under a later one, it has been left where it was found on the presumption that the legislation may have carried over or that it was placed there for good reason. Note especially the sub-series on Civil rights in boxes 100-111.","Series III: Miscellaneous Correspondence Boxes 112-187 Boxes 112-187\nAgain, the arrangement in this series is by Congress, and within the Congress, the arrangement is alphabetical. The series begins with the 84th Congress. The topics range from the Democratic National Committee to the Fish and Wildlife Service.","Series IV: Private Bills Boxes 188, 189 Bills introduced by Smith \"for the relief of\" constituents or other private individuals.","Series V: Speeches, Articles, Recordings, Etc. Boxes 190-193; [oversize box] This series contains offprints of articles by and about Smith, copies of the Congressional Record containing Smith's speeches in \"Congress, and other publications containing interviews with, or articles by Smith. Drafts and texts of speeches by Smith are found. The materials are arranged by Congress. There are a number of tape and disc recordings of speeches by Smith, or interviews of him.","Series VI: Campaign Record Boxes 194-210 In this series are found campaign literature, clippings, returns, correspondence with workers and supporters, lists of votes, expense accounts, research files on hi sopponents and their remarks, and folders on areas in Smith's district. Also present are folders on other Virginia elections, and some materials on national elections. The file is organized chronologically by the campaign beginnings with 1938, but materials are sparce until 1950.","Series VII: Endorsement and Patronage Correspondence Boxes 211-213 This correspondence is filed chronologically by the Congress, and alphabetically within the Congress, and covers the 83rd to 89th Congresses.","Series VIII: Correspondence re Petitions; Qualified Voters Boxes 214-217 Arranged by area within his district. Last two boxes contain mailing lists of qualified voters.","Series IX: National Labor Relations Board Files Boxes 219-229 An alphabetical file of materials generated by the Special Committee of the House headed by Smith which investigated the NLRB, 1939-1942. Three scrapbooks, listed at the end of the listings of boxes in this inventory, contain pertinent newspaper clippings and cartoons. For Smith's continuing interest in labor legislation, one should consult Series 1 and 2.","Series X: Strasbourg Conference Records Boxes 230, 231 Smith attended the conference held in Strasbourg in 1951 to discuss problems common to Europe and North America as a member of the U.S. delegation. most of the records in this series are printed reports and debates, but there are a few clippings and letters.","Series XI: Virginia Post Office Correspondence Boxes 232-254 This series contains an alphabetical arrangement by the name of the post office of correspondence concerning postmasterships, location of new post offices and the like. Much patronage material appears here.","Series XII: Service Academies Correspondence Boxes 255-264 A chronological series with folders for each academy for each year beginning with 1945, re appointments.","Series XIII: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission Records Boxes 265-270 This series contains, in no particular order, records of the work of the Commission appointed to determine a suitable memorial to Thomas Jefferson in Washington, D.C. There are minutes of the meetings of the commission, blue prints, correspondence, printed materials, etc. One should also note the existance of the architectural drawings submitted in competition for the design award. These are listed separately at the end of the listings of the contents of the boxes of the main collection.","Series XIV: Miscellaneous Files Boxes 271-274 Miscellaneous files, and clippings and articles about Smith.","Series XV: Scrapbooks This is a series of books, 1938-1966, filled with clippings about Smith and his career, organized chronologically, with some miscellaenous books at the end.","Series XVI: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Architectural Competition Drawings"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHoward Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nhttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Howard Worth Smith was born in Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia, on 2 February 1883. He attended the public schools there and was graduated from Bethel Military Academy, Warrenton, Va., in 1901. In 1903, he received his law degree from the University of Virginia, and entered the practice of law in Alexandria where he remained for the next eighteen years. He served as Commonwealth's attorney (1918-1922), judge of the corporation court (1922-1928), and judge of the 16th circuit court (1928-1930).","In 1931, he was elected to Congress from the Eighth Congressional District, and remained in office for thirty-five years. He served as chairman, Committee on Rules (Eighty-fourth through Eighty-ninth Congresses) and sponsor of the Smith Act of 1940. Smith was defeated for renomination in the Democratic primary in 1966.","Judge Smith resumed the practice of law in Alexandria, Va., where he died October 3, 1976. He was buried in Georgetown Cemetery, Broad Run, Va.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhen Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["When Judge Smith was ready to leave his congressional offices, he called upon the National Archives and Records Service to clean out his files, and pack the materials; this is a service offered to Congressmen by NARS. NARS boxed up all the materials, and moved them across the Potomac to the Federal Records Center in Alexandria early in 1967.","Shortly thereafter, Judge Smith agreed to open his papers to the researchers of the Institute for Social Science Research, and the papers were moved a few blocks from the Federal Records Center to the third floor of Judge Smith's son's law office building where space was made available to the Institute.","The Institute staff worked through the material and removed from the boxes those papers which interested them particularly. These papers they placed in eight filing cabinets in the offices, and a card index file was prepared to assist in locating the materials. The remainder of the papers were kept in the NARS boxes and were stacked about the walls of the rooms. The collection was appraised at this time, and Mr. Robert Metzdorf's notes on the contents give a good summary of its research value.","It took the Institute fifteen or sixteen months to complete its work in the files. They made notes, and copied all materials which they found pertinent their research. By agreement with Judge Smith, the Institute has the right of prior publication of any material from the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA\u003c/p\u003e "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 8731, Howard W. Smith Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, Charlottesville, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot accounted for\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for the purpose of access to Series XVI, and exists in addition to the the guide found at: https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;.","The papers have, in general, been kept in the order in which they were received from the Institute for Social Science Research. Because of the removal of a portion of the collection from the NARS boxes, it was not always possible for the Library staff to determine exactly what the original order of the collection had been. We have moved certain blocks of materials that seemed to belong together to create series within the collection, but very little moving of individual file folders has taken place. Thus, the researcher will find that there are minor inconsistencies in the chronological or alphabetical order in certain portions of the series.","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for","Not accounted for"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.\u003c/p\u003e "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the files and working papers of \u003cpersname\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/persname\u003e who represented \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years \u003cdate\u003e1933\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1966\u003c/date\u003e when Smith retired from Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In \u003cdate\u003e1955\u003c/date\u003e, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), small general plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), front elevation]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), section (section applies also to Scheme B)]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) General Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Front Elevation]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) General Plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan showing areas covered by various estimates]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) elevation at 45º angle to main axis]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin), South elevation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme F (Circular Open Colonnade) Elevation]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003edrawn at a scale of 20 feet equal 1 inch for comparison with elevations of proposed Thomas Jefferson Memorial drawn at the same scale\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) side elevation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan [Scheme F (circular open colonnade) plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) general plan]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan Scheme E showing memorial site with slight change in contour of present Tidal Basin development of south axis of the mall for the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope, Architect, July 21, 1937\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the files and working papers of Howard Worth Smith who represented Virginia in Congress for some thirty-five years as representative from the Eighth Congressional District. Included are correspondence received and carbon copies of replies, clippings, printed government and other publications, copies of printed bills, reports, press releases, speeches, notes, memoranda, financial records, tape and disc recordings, drawings, and other materials. The papers cover the years 1933 to 1966 when Smith retired from Congress.","The collection is now contained in 274 Hollinger storage boxes (ca. 5\"x15\"x10\"), one oversize box; additionally, there are eighteen looseleaf and scrapbooks, and forty-four architectural drawings. The collection fills approximately 150 shelf feet.","Smith's influence in Congress came chiefly from his early appointment to the Rules Committee. In 1955, he became its chairman, an exceedingly powerful position as the committee can determine the \"length and manner of debate\" on any measure moving from a committee to the floor of the House. \"Although it was initially designed as a traffic committee to ease and expedite the flow of legislation in the House, the Rules Committee by postponing or refusing to grant a bill a rule bottled up measures which did not win the approval of its conservative majority.\" (J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, H arry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics, 1945-1966 [Charlottesville, 1968], 71.","Other research interests which may be studied in the collection, according to Mr. Robert Metzdorf, are: \"political history of Virginia, relations of the Virginia and Southern Democrats to the rest of the Democratic Party, labor unions and labor laws, lobbying, investigation of Un-Americian activities, alien registration, the Smith Act and subversion, history of the District of Columbia 1930-1966 [and legislation in Congress pertaining to it as Smith sat on the District Committee], conservation and water pollution, Selective Service and other war-time legislation, the Supreme Court and State's rights, memorials to Jefferson and Madison, the history of workmen's compensation, reappointment and the federal courts, civil rights, the Rules Committee and its role in the legislative process, the history of foreign aid, federal aid to education, the history of immigration, relation between the legislative and executive branches, the history of conservatism in the United States, 1930-1966.\" To these notes may be added the study of unique northern Virginia politics, patronage, and the continuing work of a Congressman in relation to his colleagues and in particular to his constituents. There does not appear to be much material in the collection which shows Smith's relation to Senator Harry Byrd in the political sense, although there is interesting correspondence. Naturally, the collection will be the basis for any biography of Judge Smith, an important historical task which, hopefully, will be undertaken soon.","https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu03824.xml;query=;#bioghist_1.1","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), small general plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), front elevation]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon), section (section applies also to Scheme B)]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) plan]","[First Tidal Basin Scheme A (Pantheon) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Perspective]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) Plan]","[Scheme D (Anacostia Park Site) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Perspective]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Front Elevation]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) General Plan]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) Plan showing areas covered by various estimates]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin) elevation at 45º angle to main axis]","[Scheme A (Pantheon Scheme in Tidal Basin), South elevation","[Scheme F (Circular Open Colonnade) Elevation]","drawn at a scale of 20 feet equal 1 inch for comparison with elevations of proposed Thomas Jefferson Memorial drawn at the same scale","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) side elevation","Plan [Scheme F (circular open colonnade) plan]","[Scheme G (circular open colonnade) general plan]","Plan Scheme E showing memorial site with slight change in contour of present Tidal Basin development of south axis of the mall for the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, John Russell Pope, Architect, July 21, 1937"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\u003c/p\u003e "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Howard Worth Smith"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Howard Worth Smith"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":44,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1591"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1845#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tomberg Rare Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1845#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. The investigation revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan, with assistance from local law enforcement, had abducted and murdered the men.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1845#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1845.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/240050","title_filing_ssi":"Mississippi Freedom Summer collection","title_ssm":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection"],"title_tesim":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1964"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964"],"text":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964","MSS 16933","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1845","Civil rights -- United States","Civil rights movements","African Americans -- Civil rights","This collection is open for research.","Freedom Summer, also known as Mississippi Freedom Summer (sometimes referred to as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project), was a campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.","Black people in the state had been largely prevented from voting since the turn of the 20th century due to barriers to voter registration and other Jim Crow laws that had been enacted throughout the American South. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.","The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project.","Many of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local Black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent Black people from registering to vote or achieve social equality.","Volunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a Black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) – both Jews from New York City – were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's \"closed society.\"","With participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year. \nSource:\n\"Mississippi Freedom Summer\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/18/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer","This collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. The investigation revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan, with assistance from local law enforcement, had abducted and murdered the men.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964"],"collection_ssim":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16933","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1845"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16933","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1845"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"creator_ssim":["Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Tomberg Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 17 October 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights -- United States","Civil rights movements","African Americans -- Civil rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights -- United States","Civil rights movements","African Americans -- Civil rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1964],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFreedom Summer, also known as Mississippi Freedom Summer (sometimes referred to as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project), was a campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack people in the state had been largely prevented from voting since the turn of the 20th century due to barriers to voter registration and other Jim Crow laws that had been enacted throughout the American South. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local Black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent Black people from registering to vote or achieve social equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a Black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) – both Jews from New York City – were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's \"closed society.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year. \nSource:\n\"Mississippi Freedom Summer\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/18/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Freedom Summer, also known as Mississippi Freedom Summer (sometimes referred to as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project), was a campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.","Black people in the state had been largely prevented from voting since the turn of the 20th century due to barriers to voter registration and other Jim Crow laws that had been enacted throughout the American South. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.","The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project.","Many of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local Black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent Black people from registering to vote or achieve social equality.","Volunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a Black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) – both Jews from New York City – were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's \"closed society.\"","With participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year. \nSource:\n\"Mississippi Freedom Summer\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/18/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. The investigation revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan, with assistance from local law enforcement, had abducted and murdered the men.\u003c/p\u003e "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. The investigation revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan, with assistance from local law enforcement, had abducted and murdered the men."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"names_coll_ssim":["Tomberg Rare Books"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1845","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1845.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/240050","title_filing_ssi":"Mississippi Freedom Summer collection","title_ssm":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection"],"title_tesim":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1964"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1964"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964"],"text":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964","MSS 16933","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1845","Civil rights -- United States","Civil rights movements","African Americans -- Civil rights","This collection is open for research.","Freedom Summer, also known as Mississippi Freedom Summer (sometimes referred to as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project), was a campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.","Black people in the state had been largely prevented from voting since the turn of the 20th century due to barriers to voter registration and other Jim Crow laws that had been enacted throughout the American South. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.","The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project.","Many of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local Black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent Black people from registering to vote or achieve social equality.","Volunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a Black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) – both Jews from New York City – were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's \"closed society.\"","With participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year. \nSource:\n\"Mississippi Freedom Summer\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/18/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer","This collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. The investigation revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan, with assistance from local law enforcement, had abducted and murdered the men.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964"],"collection_ssim":["Mississippi Freedom Summer collection, 1964"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16933","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1845"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16933","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1845"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"creator_ssim":["Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Tomberg Rare Books","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Tomberg Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 17 October 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights -- United States","Civil rights movements","African Americans -- Civil rights"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights -- United States","Civil rights movements","African Americans -- Civil rights"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1964],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFreedom Summer, also known as Mississippi Freedom Summer (sometimes referred to as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project), was a campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack people in the state had been largely prevented from voting since the turn of the 20th century due to barriers to voter registration and other Jim Crow laws that had been enacted throughout the American South. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local Black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent Black people from registering to vote or achieve social equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a Black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) – both Jews from New York City – were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's \"closed society.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year. \nSource:\n\"Mississippi Freedom Summer\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/18/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer\u003c/p\u003e "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Freedom Summer, also known as Mississippi Freedom Summer (sometimes referred to as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project), was a campaign launched by American civil rights activists in June 1964 to register as many African-American voters as possible in the state of Mississippi.","Black people in the state had been largely prevented from voting since the turn of the 20th century due to barriers to voter registration and other Jim Crow laws that had been enacted throughout the American South. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.","The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project.","Many of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local Black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent Black people from registering to vote or achieve social equality.","Volunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a Black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) – both Jews from New York City – were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's \"closed society.\"","With participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year. \nSource:\n\"Mississippi Freedom Summer\" Wikipedia. Accessed 12/18/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Summer"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. The investigation revealed that members of the Ku Klux Klan, with assistance from local law enforcement, had abducted and murdered the men.\u003c/p\u003e "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains printed items pertaining to the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964, a landmark campaign in the Civil Rights Movement aimed at challenging systemic racism and voter suppression in Mississippi. Organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and other groups under the umbrella of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), the Freedom Summer mobilized over 1,000 volunteers, including many college students, to join Black Mississippians in a massive effort to register African American voters, establish Freedom Schools, and create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The associated content is all dated from 1964 and includes brochures, internal \"COFO Publications,\" a \"Memo to Accepted Applicants\" for the Mississippi Summer Project, a \"Security Handbook,\" internal memoranda, press releases, a pamphlet titled \"Genocide in Mississippi,\" a pamphlet titled \"Mississippi: Subversion of the Right to Vote,\" correspondence between organizers and movement members, \"Freedom School Assingments,\" teaching frameworks for Freedom Schools, reports on bombings in Pike and McComb County, case studies on non-violent movements and demonstrations, a circular published by the Bay Area Friends of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and the \"Basis for the Development of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.\" Of special interest is a June 22, 1964 internal report discussing the \"disappearance of three summer project workers in Neshoba County.\" On June 21, 1964, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner disappeared near Philadelphia, Mississippi, while working to register Black voters and investigate the bombing of a local church. Their disappearance triggered a massive federal response, led by the FBI under the code name \"Mississippi Burning.\" After weeks of searching, their bodies were discovered buried in an earthen dam. 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